Interview Questions

I was involved in the testing of the product that was for a project that had to support at least 30 items in the input criteria. The quality was measured as the number supported by the system. The test script was developed to simulate 20 or more input items. The testing on the periodic basis helped the developers to go in the right track and develop the various aspects of the product without affecting the number of items supported.

19. How can you bring about quality changes in adverse environments?

The quality changes in environments which are very static and not adaptable have to be done very carefully. Sometimes the quality changes may require change from the base in adverse environments, so spending good amount of time in designing the right architecture depending on the environment right from the start is essential when we are not sure about the adaptive nature of the environment or user.

20. Is test automation a required thing at all?

The tests in many cases are not a single execution of the program and there are always many cases to be tested. The immense number can be overwhelmingly high to think of manual testing. So in such a case the automation of testing with test scripts is the right way and the only possible way to go, considering the value of resources and man hours. This can be considered the smart way of working and most often this proves to be effective and efficient.

21. How can we have a effective phase containment concept incorporated into the project development cycle?

The testing should be done in parallel along with development over the various stages of deliverable. This way the errors are not propagating across the various phases of the project. This phase containment mechanism can result in avoiding defects in the final product that is being created. The more methodical and frequent we have the testing and workable product across the timeline the more effective the phase containment will be.

22. What are the various testing mechanisms you have done in your experience?

The regression, load tests and the module wise testing was done by me in the previous project that I was involved in. The regression testing gave the exact errors that were found in the application along with the appropriate test cases that have failed. The load testing was more of a stability test over the application and was to prove the quality of the product in terms of performance and stability to the customer. Both of them were automated and run at various stages of development.

23. How will you start with a new project, assuming you are put into a new team that is embarking on a new development project?

The first week will be purely dedicated to gaining of knowledge relating to the various technologies, methodologies used in the project. After this will be the phase where I will involve myself in getting to know more about the project that is being developed. The use cases, purpose of the project will be the start point and the modularity and design architecture will be analyzed by me and peer reviews and interactions with the team regarding the phases of testing and development will get me into the project completely. After this the planning and execution of the test plan will help me ensure the project is going as expected from every aspect of view.

24. How will you go about developing a test plan for a project?

That more often depends on the methodology used. Say, for example if there is RPD based development the test plan will be more interactive with the development plan. The modularity of the project, in every methodology has to be brought out in the test plan, so that the testing can recognize the potential areas of integration related weaknesses. The test plan also should impose upon the team members appropriate responsibilities so that each have their own perspective of delivery clear when it comes to test cases.

25. How do you expect a Software testing environment to be?

A Software testing environment should be very adaptable and should be configurable to simulate any kind of situation for the product under test. The exhaustiveness of the testing is directly related to the configurable aspect of the environment.

26. Do you have any prior experience in writing test cases? How did you proceed writing them?

Yes, I do have experience in writing test cases for the testing purposes of the project. The test cases should have a clear input category and output category. The inputs should be pertaining to the test’s aim. The output should automatically be scanned for correctness for deciding the failure/success demarcation. The test case also conforms to specific requirement from the client side or atleast a part of it. To ensure the correctness and validity of the output, we should be having the right idea of the customer expectation. Once we have the sufficient knowledge in the above aspects, we can have the best test case with apt goal to satisfy from the customer’s standpoint.

I am sure that these above testing interview questions are useful for the testing job seekers. Please comment your valuable opinion so that we will improve our website as required.

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-8

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:21:00 +0000

7. How can you demarcate the QA line against the general testing?

The QA refers to the testing process that is aimed at giving the right perspective of the product from the high level of perspective, thereby determining the quality of the product from the eyes of the customer and the user. The Software testing is a more generic term used to refer any type of test that we do over a product to detect any type of error in the software. Thus the quality assurance can be seen as a specialized version of software testing, which again can be considered a part of software testing domain.

8. How can effectively scope out or organize a test project and execute it?

The test project has to be executed in a sequence that narrows it to the very specific reason for which it is run. The identification of the goal that pertains to each test project can help us in doing this. The test project can then be planned in modules or just into a single large batch execution which can identify the specific bug or error in the product that is under discussion. The organization of the test project can happen only if there is a right understanding in every team member as to what his responsibility in the test is.

9. How can a role of QA be utilized efficiently in a development project

The QA has to be effective and efficient in avoiding the bugs in the project. The test plan to detect conformance variation, deviation of the functionality has to be dictated and run by the QA periodically over the product at various stages of development. He has to make sure the project is heading in the right direction at various points of development.

10. What is the ideal character that you expect from a manager?

The manager has to have the right mix of technical knowledge and the management skills. This can help him in understanding the use of the tests. The QA, QC and testing can be of great value to the project and the manager should be one who provides as much importance to testing stages as is given for development.

11. How can you define quality in a software product?

The quality refers to the conformance to the customer requirements in the most efficient way possible. The conformance should not be implicating some other side effect in some other perspective of the project. It should just be FIT to be used effectively.

12. How is validation different from verification?

Simply put, the validation is the process of determining if the things are done the right way and the verification is the process of determining is the right things are done as per specification.

13. What are the things that are to be present in a good test process?

A good a valid test process should contain various aspects of testing and attributes that are configurable from the tester. The effect of each of the test cases should be clearly shown by the test process with a clear outlook given to the results as to which test conforms to which case of testing. The understanding of the results should be clearly brought out. These when done can give a good test process. If you are going to better it, then the test process can also specify the possible causes of the error that has occurred.

14. When can FMEA be of help to developers?

The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis is most effective when we are dealing with software products that have similarity to the previously developed applications. The experience of the developers/team other members in similar products can come in handy. The similarity of usage specifics and the structure of the design when identified implies we can have the FMEA oriented testing.

15. What is SDLC?

The Software Development Life Cycle refers to the overall development cycle of the software from the eyes of the System Analyst. The various stages of the development right from the requirements gathering to the final delivery after testing are included in the SDLC. The SDLC can further be defined as specific methodology that is incorporated as the way to proceed in the development of a specific software product.

16. What should a perfect requirement specification contain?

A good requirement should give a clear business logic requirement, technical requirement for the product and rightly correlate each of those. The process requirements from the client are auxiliary but can be of immense help in coordinating the activities of developments with the customer side testing.

17. How is management of Quality in a project different from management of total project?

QA management comes into picture at the times of testing, the main aim is to verify the project is heading the right way. The project manager on the other hand manages the entire work flow and development flow in the project life cycle. There are also other aspects of the project like customer side interactions, business logic definitions etc. The project manager is one who manages the work done and the QA manager is one who oversees the work done for quality maintenance throughout, whether work done is right.

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-7

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:21:00 +0000

96. What does COTS represent?

Commercial Off The Shelf.

97.The purpose of wich is allow specific tests to be carried out on a system or network that resembles as closely as possible the environment where the item under test will be used upon release?

Test Environment

98. What can be though of as being based on the project plan, but with greater amounts of detail?

Phase Test Plan

99. What is exploratory testing?

Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in which testers are involved in minimum planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves the cre-ation of a test charter, a short declaration of the scope of a short (1 to 2 hour) time-boxed test effort, the objectives and possible approaches to be used. The test design and test execution activities are performed in parallel typi-cally without formally documenting the test conditions, test cases or test scripts. This does not mean that other, more formal testing techniques will not be used. For example, the tester may decide to use boundary value analysis but will think through and test the most important boundary values without necessarily writing them down. Some notes will be written during the exploratory-testing session, so that a report can be produced afterwards.

100. What is failure?

Deviation from expected result to actual result

1. While at the stages of QA, QC and other testing phases what are the main documents that are referred?

The Quality related testing and testing phase in general requires each and every aspect of the project from customer specifications to developer designs. So the documents that are used can be summed up as:

ñ SRS & Business requirements doc.

ñ Functional/Technical documentation that was initially prepared.

ñ Documents pertaining to the various modules – used for White Box testing.

ñ Use case & other representative documents for program flow.

ñ Test plan and other test case/script related documents.

2. How should the test plan be drafted?

The test plan and its specification depends on the methodology adopted for development and testing of the project. But speaking on a top most level, the test plan should consist of all the different types of tests that have to be carried out to give the best assessment of the product. The compliance, production phase tests, regression test methods/scripts requirement, usability test, verification and validation criteria related tests should all be put into the test plan that is prepared.

3. What kinds of bugs usually occur and are identified in initial tests?

The major bugs that come up during the tests are the memory related issues in the software and these come up in the initial load testing or regression testing. There may be a minute error somewhere in the product which can lead to a very intensive impact on the overall application. These are the bugs that can also be easily identified and rectified. Tests should be carefully drafted to identify such memory related errors.

4. What is the purpose of software testing?

The software testing is the phase that gives us the overall picture as to the quality of the product and the performance related aspects of the program. The software testing phase is the one by which the developers can make sure that what is built is conforming to the customer’s requirement (verification) and that everything is working as expected and intended to (validation).

5. What are the pros and cons of being a Tester?

The software testing can be done only if you have a overall understanding regarding the project. This way software tester gains immense knowledge regarding the software, from the customer and the user perspective, which even the developer may not have in some cases. The cons are overcome by the pros of the job, so I think it is good thing to be involved in the software testing. Opportunities for learning and improvement are many in this field of software testing.

6. How can you define Quality Assurance?

The Quality Assurance refers to the phase of the project development where we examine the product and put into a sequence of various tests to determine if the product is fit for the specified purpose. The QA aims at attaining a specific quality level to the overall product. This cannot assure it but can maximize the quality attainable in the product by doing the right corrections to the final developed product.

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-6

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:20:00 +0000

77. What studies data flow analysis ?

The use of data on paths through the code.

78. What is Alpha testing?

Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer’s site.

79. What is a failure?

Failure is a departure from specified behaviour.

80. What are Test comparators ?

Is it really a test if you put some inputs into some software, but never look to see whether the software produces the correct result? The essence of testing is to check whether the software produces the correct result, and to do that, we must compare what the software produces to what it should produce. A test comparator helps to automate aspects of that comparison.

81. Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting Scribe

82. What is the main purpose of Informal review

Inexpensive way to get some benefit

83. What is the purpose of test design technique?

Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases

84. When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:

Equivalence partitioning

85. A test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. The best choice is Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA

86. During the testing of a module tester ‘X’ finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it’s not a bug. What ‘X’ should do?

Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

87. A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.

Big-Bang Testing

88. In practice, which Life Cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. For example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing.

V-Model

89. Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.

Equivalence partitioning

90. “This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks” This statement is best suited for…

V-Model

91. In which order should tests be run?

The most important tests first

92. The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. why?

The fault has been built into more documentation,code,tests, etc

93. What is Coverage measurement?

It is a partial measure of test thoroughness.

94. What is Boundary value testing?

Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes.

95. What is Fault Masking ?

Error condition hiding another error condition.

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-5

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:20:00 +0000

58. Faults found should be originally documented by who?

By testers.

59. Which is the current formal world-wide recognized documentation standard?

There isn’t one.

60. Which of the following is the review participant who has created the item to be reviewed?

Author

61. A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.

Regression testing should be done on other modules as well because fixing one module may affect other modules.

62. Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?

Because errors are frequently made during programming of the different cases near the ‘edges’ of the range of values.

63. What makes an inspection different from other review types?

It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists.

64. Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?

Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the testware and the test object.

65. What is a V-Model ?

A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with software development phases

66. What is maintenance testing?

Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software

67. What is test coverage?

Test coverage measures in some specific way the amount of testing performed by a set of tests (derived in some other way, e.g. using specification-based techniques). Wherever we can count things and can tell whether or not each of those things has been tested by some test, then we can measure coverage.

68. Why is incremental integration preferred over “big bang”integration?

Because incremental integration has better early defects screening and isolation ability

69. When do we prepare RTM (Requirement traceability matrix), is it before test case designing or after test case designing?

The would be before. Requirements should already be traceable from Review activities since you should have traceability in the Test Plan already. This question also would depend on the organisation. If the organisation do test after development started then requirements must be already traceable to their source. To make life simpler use a tool to manage requirements.

70. What is called the process starting with the terminal modules ?

Bottom-up integration

71. During which test activity could faults be found most cost effectively?

During test planning

72. The purpose of requirement phase is

To freeze requirements, to understand user needs, to define the scope of testing

73. How much testing is enough?

The answer depends on the risks for your industry, contract and special requirements

74. Why we split testing into distinct stages?

Each test stage has a different purpose.

75. Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities? a) Regression testing b) Integration testing c) System testing d) User acceptance testing

Regression testing

76. How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?

Metrics from previous similar projects and discussions with the development team

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-4

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:19:00 +0000

42. What is the difference between re-testing and regression testing?

Re-testing ensures the original fault has been removed; regression testing looks for unexpected sideeffects

43. What are the Experience-based testing techniques ?

In experience-based techniques, people's knowledge, skills and background are a prime contributor to the test conditions and test cases. The experience of both technical and business people is important, as they bring different perspectives to the test analysis and design process. Due to previous experience with similar systems, they may have insights into what could go wrong, which is very useful for testing.

44. What type of review requires formal entry and exit criteria, including metrics? Inspection

45. Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing?

Yes, because both help detect faults and improve quality

46. An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004 What are the boundary values for testing this field ? 1899,1900,2004,2005

47. Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test? a. Data tester b. Boundary tester c. Capture/Playback d. Output comparator.

d. Output comparator

48. To test a function,what has to write a programmer, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.

Driver

49. What is the one Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work?

Lack of Objectivity

50.“How much testing is enough?”

The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements.

51. When should testing be stopped?

It depends on the risks for the system being tested.

52. Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?

To specify which modules to combine when, and how many at once.

53. What is the purpose of a test completion criterion?

To determine when to stop testing

54. Given the following code, which statement is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage?

Read p

Read q

IF p+q> 100

THEN Print "Large"

ENDIF

IF p > 50

THEN Print "p Large"

ENDIF

1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage

55. What is the difference between re-testing and regression testing?

Re-testing ensures the original fault has been removed; regression testing looks for unexpected side-effects.

56. Which review is normally used to evaluate a product to determine its suitability for intended use and to identify discrepancies?

Technical Review.

57. Why we use decision tables?.

The techniques of equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are often applied to specific situations or inputs. However, if different combinations of inputs result in different actions being taken, this can be more difficult to show using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis, which tend to be more focused on the user interface. The other two specification-based tech-niques, decision tables and state transition testing are more focused on business logic or business rules. A decision table is a good way to deal with combinations of things (e.g. inputs). This technique is sometimes also referred to as a 'cause-effect' table. The reason for this is that there is an associated logic diagramming technique called 'cause-effect graphing' which was sometimes used to help derive the decision table

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-3

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:19:00 +0000

28. Consider the following techniques. Which are static and which are dynamic techniques?

i.Equivalence Partitioning.

ii. Use Case Testing.

iii.Data Flow Analysis.

iv.Exploratory Testing.

v. Decision Testing.

vi. Inspections.

Data Flow Analysis and Inspections are static, Equivalence Partitioning, Use Case Testing, Exploratory Testing and Decision Testing are dynamic.

29. Why are static testing and dynamic testing described as complementary?

Because they share the aim of identifying defects but differ in the types ofdefect they find.

30. What are the phases of a formal review ?

In contrast to informal reviews, formal reviews follow a formal process. A typical formal review process consists of six main steps:

Planning
Kick-off
Preparation
Review meeting
Rework
Follow-up.

31. What is the role of moderator in review process?

The moderator (or review leader) leads the review process. He or she deter-mines, in co-operation with the author, the type of review, approach and the composition of the review team. The moderator performs the entry check and the follow-up on the rework, in order to control the quality of the input and output of the review process. The moderator also schedules the meeting, disseminates documents before the meeting, coaches other team members, paces the meeting, leads possible discussions and stores the data that is collected.

Learn More About Review process in Video Tutorial here

32. What is an equivalence partition (also known as an equivalence class)?

An input or output range of values such that only one value in the range becomes a test case.

33. When should configuration management procedures be implemented?

During test planning.

34. A Type of functional Testing, which investigates the functions relating to detection of threats, such as virus from malicious outsiders.

Security Testing

35. Testing where in we subject the target of the test , to varying workloads to measure and evaluate the performance behaviors and ability of the target and of the test to continue to function properly under these different workloads. Load Testing

36. Testing activity which is performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interaction between integrated components is:

Integration Level Testing

37. What are the Structure-based (white-box) testing techniques ?

Structure-based testing techniques (which are also dynamic rather than static) use the internal structure of the software to derive test cases. They are com-monly called 'white-box' or 'glass-box' techniques (implying you can see into the system) since they require knowledge of how the software is implemented, that is, how it works. For example, a structural technique may be concerned with exercising loops in the software. Different test cases may be derived to exercise the loop once, twice, and many times. This may be done regardless of the func-tionality of the software.

38. When should be performed Regression testing ?

After the software has changed or when the environment has changed

39. When should testing be stopped?

It depends on the risks for the system being tested

40. What is the purpose of a test completion criterion?

To determine when to stop testing

41. What can static analysis NOT find?

For example memory leaks

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-2

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:18:00 +0000

14. You have designed test cases to provide 100% statement and 100% decision coverage for the following fragment of code. if width > length then biggest_dimension = width else biggest_dimension = length end_if The following has been added to the bottom of the code fragment above. print "Biggest dimension is " & biggest_dimension print "Width: " & width print "Length: " & length How many more test cases are required?

None, existing test cases can be used.

15. Rapid Application Development ?

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is formally a parallel development of functions and subsequent integration. Components/functions are developed in parallel as if they were mini projects, the developments are time-boxed, delivered, and then assembled into a working prototype. This can very quickly give the customer something to see and use and to provide feedback regarding the delivery and their requirements. Rapid change and development of the product is possible using this methodology. However the product specification will need to be developed for the product at some point, and the project will need to be placed under more formal controls prior to going into production.

16. What is the difference between Testing Techniques and Testing Tools?

Testing technique: – Is a process for ensuring that some aspects of the application system or unit functions properly there may be few techniques but many tools.

Testing Tools: – Is a vehicle for performing a test process. The tool is a resource to the tester, but itself is insufficient to conduct testing

Learn More About Testing Tools here

17. We use the output of the requirement analysis, the requirement specification as the input for writing …

User Acceptance Test Cases

18. Repeated Testing of an already tested program, after modification, to discover any defects introduced or uncovered as a result of the changes in the software being tested or in another related or unrelated software component:

Regression Testing

19. What is component testing ?

Component testing, also known as unit, module and program testing, searches for defects in, and verifies the functioning of software (e.g. modules, programs, objects, classes, etc.) that are separately testable. Component testing may be done in isolation from the rest of the system depend-ing on the context of the development life cycle and the system. Most often stubs and drivers are used to replace the missing software and simulate the interface between the software components in a simple manner. A stub is called from the software component to be tested; a driver calls a component to be tested.

20. What is functional system testing ?

Testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole.

21. What is the benefits of Independent Testing

Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased.

22. In a REACTIVE approach to testing when would you expect the bulk of the test design work to be begun?

After the software or system has been produced.

23. What are the different Methodologies in Agile Development Model?

There are currently seven different Agile methodologies that I am aware of:

Extreme Programming (XP)
Scrum
Lean Software Development
Feature-Driven Development
Agile Unified Process
Crystal
Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM)

24. Which activity in the fundamental test process includes evaluation of the testability of the requirements and system?

A Test analysis and design.

25. What is typically the MOST important reason to use risk to drive testing efforts?

Because testing everything is not feasible.

26. Which is the MOST important advantage of independence in testing?

An independent tester may be more effective at finding defects missed by the person who wrote the software.

27. Which of the following are valid objectives for incident reports?

i. Provide developers and other parties with feedback about the problem to enable identification, isolation and correction as necessary.

ii. Provide ideas for test process improvement.

iii. Provide a vehicle for assessing tester competence.

iv. Provide testers with a means of tracking the quality of the system under test.

i. Provide developers and other parties with feedback about the problem to enable identification, isolation and correction as necessary,

ii.Provide ideas for test process improvement,

iv.Provide testers with a means of tracking the quality of the system under test

NON-Voice Basic Interview Questions Part-1

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:18:00 +0000

1. What is the MAIN benefit of designing tests early in the life cycle?

It helps prevent defects from being introduced into the code.

2. What is risk-based testing?

Risk-based testing is the term used for an approach to creating a test strategy that is based on prioritizing tests by risk. The basis of the approach is a detailed risk analysis and prioritizing of risks by risk level. Tests to address each risk are then specified, starting with the highest risk first.

3. A wholesaler sells printer cartridges. The minimum order quantity is 5. There is a 20% discount for orders of 100 or more printer cartridges. You have been asked to prepare test cases using various values for the number of printer cartridges ordered. Which of the following groups contain three test inputs that would be generated using Boundary Value Analysis?

4, 5, 99

4. What is the KEY difference between preventative and reactive approaches to testing?

Preventative tests are designed early; reactive tests are designed after the software has been produce

5. What is the purpose of exit criteria?

To define when a test level is complete.

6. What determines the level of risk?

The likelihood of an adverse event and the impact of the event

7. When is used Decision table testing?

Decision table testing is used for testing systems for which the specification takes the form of rules or cause-effect combinations. In a decision table the inputs are listed in a column, with the outputs in the same column but below the inputs. The remainder of the table explores combinations of inputs to define the outputs produced.

Learn More About Decision Table Testing Technique in the Video Tutorial here

8. What is the MAIN objective when reviewing a software deliverable?

To identify defects in any software work product.

9. Which of the following defines the expected results of a test? Test case specification or test design specification.

Test case specification.

10. Which is a benefit of test independence?

It avoids author bias in defining effective tests.

11. As part of which test process do you determine the exit criteria?

Test planning.

12. What is beta testing?

Testing performed by potential customers at their own locations.

13. Given the following fragment of code, how many tests are required for 100% decision coverage?

if width > length

then biggest_dimension = width

if height > width

then biggest_dimension = height

end_if

else biggest_dimension = length

if height > length

then biggest_dimension = height

end_if

MVC Basic Interview Questions Part-3

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:12:00 +0000

In razor syntax, what is the escape sequence character for @ symbol?
The escape sequence character for @ symbol, is another @ symbol

When using razor views, do you have to take any special steps to proctect your asp.net mvc application from cross site scripting (XSS) attacks?
No, by default content emitted using a @ block is automatically HTML encoded to protect from cross site scripting (XSS) attacks.

When using aspx view engine, to have a consistent look and feel, across all pages of the application, we can make use of asp.net master pages. What is asp.net master pages equivalent, when using razor views?
To have a consistent look and feel when using razor views, we can make use of layout pages. Layout pages, reside in the shared folder, and are named as _Layout.cshtml

What are sections?
Layout pages, can define sections, which can then be overriden by specific views making use of the layout. Defining and overriding sections is optional.

What are the file extensions for razor views?
1. .cshtml - If the programming lanugaue is C#
2. .vbhtml - If the programming lanugaue is VB

How do you specify comments using razor syntax?
Razor syntax makes use of @* to indicate the begining of a comment and *@ to indicate the end. An example is shown below.
@* This is a Comment *@

MVC Basic Interview Questions Part-2

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:11:00 +0000

What are the 3 things that are needed to specify a route?
1. URL Pattern - You can include placeholders in a URL pattern so that variable data can be passed to the request handler without requiring a query string.
2. Handler - The handler can be a physical file such as an .aspx file or a controller class.
3. Name for the Route - Name is optional.

Is the following route definition a valid route definition?
{controller}{action}/{id}
No, the above definition is not a valid route definition, because there is no literal value or delimiter between the placeholders. Therefore, routing cannot determine where to separate the value for the controller placeholder from the value for the action placeholder.

What is the use of the following default route?
{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}
This route definition, prevent requests for the Web resource files such as WebResource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from being passed to a controller.

What is the difference between adding routes, to a webforms application and to an mvc application?
To add routes to a webforms application, we use MapPageRoute() method of the RouteCollection class, where as to add routes to an MVC application we use MapRoute() method.

How do you handle variable number of segments in a route definition?
Use a route with a catch-all parameter. An example is shown below. * is referred to as catch-all parameter.
controller/{action}/{*parametervalues}

What are the 2 ways of adding constraints to a route?
1. Use regular expressions
2. Use an object that implements IRouteConstraint interface

Give 2 examples for scenarios when routing is not applied?
1. A Physical File is Found that Matches the URL Pattern - This default behaviour can be overriden by setting the RouteExistingFiles property of the RouteCollection object to true.
2. Routing Is Explicitly Disabled for a URL Pattern - Use the RouteCollection.Ignore() method to prevent routing from handling certain requests.

What is the use of action filters in an MVC application?
Action Filters allow us to add pre-action and post-action behavior to controller action methods.

If I have multiple filters impleted, what is the order in which these filters get executed?
1. Authorization filters
2. Action filters
3. Response filters
4. Exception filters

What are the different types of filters, in an asp.net mvc application?
1. Authorization filters
2. Action filters
3. Result filters
4. Exception filters

Give an example for Authorization filters in an asp.net mvc application?
1. RequireHttpsAttribute
2. AuthorizeAttribute

Which filter executes first in an asp.net mvc application?
Authorization filter

What are the levels at which filters can be applied in an asp.net mvc application?
1. Action Method
2. Controller
3. Application
[b]Is it possible to create a custom filter?[/b]
Yes

What filters are executed in the end?
Exception Filters

Is it possible to cancel filter execution?
Yes

What type of filter does OutputCacheAttribute class represents?
Result Filter

What are the 2 popular asp.net mvc view engines?
1. Razor
2. .aspx

What symbol would you use to denote, the start of a code block in razor views?
@

What symbol would you use to denote, the start of a code block in aspx views?
< %= %>

MVC Basic Interview Questions Part-1

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:11:00 +0000

What are the 3 main components of an ASP.NET MVC application?
1. M - Model
2. V - View
3. C - Controller

In which assembly is the MVC framework defined?
System.Web.Mvc

Is it possible to combine ASP.NET webforms and ASP.MVC and develop a single web application?
Yes, it is possible to combine ASP.NET webforms and ASP.MVC and develop a single web application.

What does Model, View and Controller represent in an MVC application?
Model: Model represents the application data domain. In short the applications business logic is contained with in the model.

View: Views represent the user interface, with which the end users interact. In short the all the user interface logic is contained with in the UI.

Controller: Controller is the component that responds to user actions. Based on the user actions, the respective controller, work with the model, and selects a view to render that displays the user interface. The user input logic is contained with in the controller.

What is the greatest advantage of using asp.net mvc over asp.net webforms?
It is difficult to unit test UI with webforms, where views in mvc can be very easily unit tested.

Which approach provides better support for test driven development - ASP.NET MVC or ASP.NET Webforms?
ASP.NET MVC

What are the advantages of ASP.NET MVC?
1. Extensive support for TDD. With asp.net MVC, views can also be very easily unit tested.
2. Complex applications can be easily managed
3. Seperation of concerns. Different aspects of the application can be divided into Model, View and Controller.
4. ASP.NET MVC views are light weight, as they donot use viewstate.

Is it possible to unit test an MVC application without running the controllers in an ASP.NET process?
Yes, all the features in an asp.net MVC application are interface based and hence mocking is much easier. So, we don't have to run the controllers in an ASP.NET process for unit testing.

Is it possible to share a view across multiple controllers?
Yes, put the view into the shared folder. This will automatically make the view available across multiple controllers.

What is the role of a controller in an MVC application?
The controller responds to user interactions, with the application, by selecting the action method to execute and alse selecting the view to render.

Where are the routing rules defined in an asp.net MVC application?
In Application_Start event in Global.asax

Name a few different return types of a controller action method?
The following are just a few return types of a controller action method. In general an action method can return an instance of a any class that derives from ActionResult class.
1. ViewResult
2. JavaScriptResult
3. RedirectResult
4. ContentResult
5. JsonResult

What is the significance of NonActionAttribute?
In general, all public methods of a controller class are treated as action methods. If you want prevent this default behaviour, just decorate the public method with NonActionAttribute.

What is the significance of ASP.NET routing?
ASP.NET MVC uses ASP.NET routing, to map incoming browser requests to controller action methods. ASP.NET Routing makes use of route table. Route table is created when your web application first starts. The route table is present in the Global.asax file.

What are the 3 segments of the default route, that is present in an ASP.NET MVC application?
1st Segment - Controller Name
2nd Segment - Action Method Name
3rd Segment - Parameter that is passed to the action method

Example: http://pragimtech.com/Customer/Details/5
Controller Name = Customer
Action Method Name = Details
Parameter Id = 5

ASP.NET MVC application, makes use of settings at 2 places for routing to work correctly. What are these 2 places?
1. Web.Config File : ASP.NET routing has to be enabled here.
2. Global.asax File : The Route table is created in the application Start event handler, of the Global.asax file.

What is the adavantage of using ASP.NET routing?
In an ASP.NET web application that does not make use of routing, an incoming browser request should map to a physical file. If the file does not exist, we get page not found error.

An ASP.NET web application that does make use of routing, makes use of URLs that do not have to map to specific files in a Web site. Because the URL does not have to map to a file, you can use URLs that are descriptive of the user's action and therefore are more easily understood by users.

UML Basic Interview Questions Part-4

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:06:00 +0000

What is the influence of rule-sets in object assertions?

Class invariant allows a single but quantified logical statement of any subset to be true all the times. Invariants are also called rules and it defines the cardinality constraints on attributes that are given as invariants. Ruleset is an unordered set of class invariants and assertions that brings the attributes together and define the rules for them. The external rulesets in this expresses a second level information whereas, Internal rulesets defines the first level of information with defined sets of invariants. Object assertions are made to include the rulesets that are defined using the logics provided with the objects only.

What are the different types of implementation terms in UML?

There are many implementation terms that need to be known before starting anything on UML are as:
Type: type is a term that defines that a class with no implementation. It is the full assertion that is given to provide the instances and all its rulesets.
Class: is a construct that is used as a blueprint to create instances of the classes.
Interface: it is a list of the messages that is sent to an object with their parameters and return types. This can include get and set operations and their attributes.
Invariant is a type of constraint that consists of a single rule that is followed by all the objects that lies in the scope of its.

What are the rules specified for invariants in first order and second order information?

The rules are specified for first order and second order information and it is provided for the first order as that internal attribute values are not stored explicitly and there is always a database trigger that will represent the objects.
The operations has to be in non-procedural language and it will represent the objects and the control will be done from here only.
The second order rules specifies the dependencies that exist between attributes .
Global pre-conditions and post-conditions will be applied to all the operations.
Rules will help the invariants to make an object’s semantics explicit and make it visible for all the object. This helps in describing the information in the repository and allow the business rules to be implemented properly.

How does the rule chaining concept works in UML?

Rule chaining is based on some rules based system that is non-procedural and the ordering of the rules doesn't affect the interpretation of it. Rules are grouped together into rulesets with the derivation of all the values of some objects. It includes the rule of another object and allow the developers to also include their own rules to identify the objects uniquely. The following example will show the following work flow:
Regime = ‘Backward’;
Goal = product;
If client.status is ‘Retired’
then product is ‘Annuity’;

If client.status is ‘Young’
and client.preference is not ‘Risk’
then product: is ‘Endowment’;

If Client.Children: > 0
then client.preference is ‘Risk’;

What does state model represent?

State model defines the state transition diagrams that are useful to create UML state charts. These diagrams are used to capture the dynamic nature of each object that are related in the object model. It defines the effective specification of operations and assertions. This represents the possible sequence of state change from one state to another. The transition is the change in state from one to another. This can have very complex design and it represent the state of the object from start till end. It captures the information about the business and the system on which it is implemented. The use case model is used to define the state model in which there is always a start state and an end state. The transactions are represented by the communication that is happening in between.

What are the roles played by packages, modules and wrappers in UML?

Packages are used to organize the classes at one place. It uses modelling to describe the system with less complexity and provide many strategies to incorporate in the model. The unit of package as the classes in the same package are closely related. These keeps all the classes together that are related to each other and uses the association and different use cases to create models.
Modules are also known as component diagrams that includes nodes as physical computers and displays several packages inside a component. Modules are used to hold the packages together in one and can be used together.
Wrappers are used to constitute a package that consists of contents of the package. It deploys client-server or architectural layers that are connected using the API that are predefined. Wrappers use the components that consists of object and allow fall back on standard UML model.

UML Basic Interview Questions Part-3

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:05:00 +0000

Why are attributes used in UML?

Attributes are declared as a state variable that represents the total number of states that an object may occupy. The types of association are classified as {set}, {bag}, {ordered set} or
{list}. The attributes can have many types like:
variable: the value changes according the requirement. Different instances can have different values.
fixed: the value doesn't change during the lifetime of the object.
Common: it requires the instances to have same value without knowing the value of it
unique: Each instance will have a unique values as these uniquely identify the processes that are running and each will have a different storage point.

What are the operations on facets supported by UML?

The operations and the methods that are supported for the facets in UML are:
The visiblity operations for public that will be given as + (symbol)
private is given as – (symbol)
protected is given as # (symbol)
It also contains the operations and return type like (name(arg1:Type, ..., argN:Type):Type
It also having Bi-directional associations that will be used instead of encapuslations. The operations that can be performed on the facets include addition, hiding of the attributes to make it public/private/protected so that it will be visible to certain users only and not to anyone else. This is defined by the use of the identifiers mentioned above.

What are the different approaches to store knowledge?

There are three approaches that are used to store the knowledge and they are as follows:
If the knowledge is separated from the class then there should be system to return back to the previous classes like first class or second class as used in semantic data modeling. This way there can be code re-usability and the information can be coupled together.
The knowledge can be placed inside any object types, and there we can do preservation of the code. Successful re-usability of the knowledge can be done.
The knowledge can be stored in both the objects and this will lead to the problem of maintaining two copies of the same thing. This will increase the load and the space and make the data inconsistent to keep.

What are the different types of relationship composition that exists?

There are different types of composition that exists in UML. There are structural relationship also known as configurational relationship as well. The relationship explains that the parts might be of different types or it can be totally detached or invariant. The compositions are all configurational non-homeomeric and non-invariant in nature and as follows:
Component-integral: it consists of all the component level integration classes.
Material: it consists of all the attributes relationship that a class can hold.
Portion: this consists of a particular portion of the class.
Place-area: this consists of the area that is under certain section
Member bunch
Member-partnership It is non-configurable composition relationship

What are various kinds of invariants and rulesets used in UML?

Semantic net and semantic data modeling is used as an invariant to keep all the specifications
exhibiting encapsulation of attributes and operations that contain the meaning of the analyst or the user. The semantic content is used in the structures of the association, classification and
composition. The usage of it will be done by assertions, invariants and rulesets that describes
the behaviour of the class. The use of semantics are limited but they are safer to use. The ruleset has to be checked to see that the operations are done correctly or not. The operations has to be on rule based language and there shouldn't be any distinction of expression. Rules can differ from one class to another class and on some operations.

What are assertion facets used for in UML?

The assertion facets represent the constraint applied on attributes. The range that is defined for the contraints are given in the limits and having some permissible values. The enumeration constraint will also be contained in it and it will also have a list with its own permissible values. There are few type constraints as well that will specify the class of values each belonging to. They are always present and having a generalized values to the classes.

What is the function of operational assertions in UML?

Operational assertions defines in terms of conditions that has to be followed to allow the proper function of the system. The conditions are as follows:
pre-condition that uses a logical statement which remains true, before the operation can execute.
post-condition uses a single logical statement, which remains true after its operation has finished execution for a class.
invariance condition uses a single logical statement that must hold all the operations that are being executed. This will allow the parallel processing system to follow the business process model and then define in terms of guarantee and rely clauses.

What is the difference between rely clause and guarantee?

Rely clause allow the statement to be passed for the pre-condition that remains true till the execution of the operation gets finished and the terms should not be violated. The specification doesn't state the result that can come unexpected as well. In this the server won't be responsible for any condition and it will be managed manually. Whereas, guarantee acts as an statement that a server should keep and maintain it to make it true till the execution of the operation is not finished.
Rely on clause can include more than one assertions of any type and the representation will be done by using the state-transition diagrams. Whereas, guarantee doesn't have to include the assertions.

UML Basic Interview Questions Part-2

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:05:00 +0000

QUESTION - What are the three types of modeling in UML?
ANSWER - Structural, behavioral, and architectural.

QUESTION - What is Architecture?
ANSWER - Takes care structural and behavioral aspect of a software system.
Includes software usage, functionality, performance, reuse, economic and technology constraints.

QUESTION - What are Messages?
ANSWER - Specification of a communication.

What are the different steps involved in object oriented analysis?

The objectives or the steps that are involved in object-oriented analysis and design are:
Create use cases to find the ways that a system can interact with the environment. It also helps to build an overall structure using the objects of the system and allow easy to use model to follow on.
Identify the actors and objects that are involved: identifying the actors and the objects with their attribute and method names makes it easy to structure the system such that a flow gets created which help in designing the overall system.
Establish the relationships between objects: establishing a relationship between different objects allow the design to become more clear and usable.
Establish an interface of each object: allows the object to be seen in a position and the exception handling can also be put up so that if any error occurs it will be known before moving forward.
Implementation and testing of objects takes place to see the proper implementation of the objects and test it to match the environments and needs.
Assemble the complete system for use and make it ready to be used by users.

Why analysis is a major part in Object designing?

Analysis allows the decomposition to be done to build the components parts to help in computing the process and specify the system structure. This also allows the proper defining of the functions that are independent to each other. Analysis is done by decomposing the modules or the components. It is usually performed in top-to-bottom fashion using the structured analysis. This method is also called as functional decomposition. This functional decomposition combine with separate data analysis to build a goal that is clear and allow the system to be defined in their own terms. Analysis allows the identification to be performed to find the business process, actors that are involved in the function and the end result that has to be achieved.

Why is it required to have an abstraction layer in UML?

Abstraction allows the identification of key domain objects to match the user requirements. Abstraction keeps all the code at one place allow the physical design to be given at later stage. Abstraction also allows the structure to be maintained as it is and the alternation won't affect the overall system if changes are imposed on the system as whole. It keeps the data of relationship between other objects and their associations with each other. The association has to be maintained such that one's affect won't have any impact on anothe entity that is used in UML. It keeps the data and programs in the same form and keeps their meaning also intact. It hides the implementation details from the users. It reduces the load from the programmer and allow more time to implement the system in complete.

What is the difference between Responsibility-driven and data-driven approaches?

Data centered approach allow the data to be more stable than functions but this is not the case all the time and there is a possibility of having many structured techniques to handle this approach. Whereas, responsibility driven approach keeps a balance in between both the data and functions and doesn't use many structured techniques.
Data driven method that represent the traditional entity-relationship modelling, whereas Responsibility-driven approach represent the modern relationship that exists between different entities of the object.
Data driven method used classes that are represented by static data variables where one class accessed the varibable and encapsulated the control rules for the application. Whereas, responsibility driven method divided the behavior between many classes across where it produced more reusable classes that can be represented separately.

What is the difference between translational and elaborational approaches?

Elaborational approach treat a passage separating their specification from the
implementation to create a new initial model and then adding more details to it till the code is not compiled. Whereas, translational approach is the process that defines a sequence of separate models put together that includes a procedure for linking them. It also translates one object from another object.
Elaborational approach ellaborate the object model such that there is no requirement left and all the requirements gets clarified at first go. The ellaboration happens in many phases and when the stages are final than the model gets ready. Whereas, the translational approach goes through one state to another state on some action only.

What is the function of attribute facets in UML?

Attribute facets consists of the associations and operations that are defined for other types. It uses two ways first one being the shorthand for the get and set operations and another one is to provide the type of the attribute to use. The attribute facets defines the classes that are tagged with some information and uses {tag=value}. The tags include the following attributes like:
description: defines the descriptive text that is used to define an object.
Keyword: defines the keyword that classifies an object
Abstract classes use the attributes that is used in types not in classes. UML supports the following annotations, facets:
default (or initial) value (name:Type=expression)
visibility prefix (+ = public, – = private, # = protected)

UML Basic Interview Questions Part-1

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 01:03:00 +0000

What is UML? UML is Unified Modeling Language. It is a graphical language for visualizing specifying constructing and documenting the artifacts of the system. It allows you to create a blue print of all the aspects of the system, before actually physically implementing the system.
What is modeling? What are the advantages of creating a model? Modeling is a proven and well-accepted engineering technique which helps build a model. Model is a simplification of reality; it is a blueprint of the actual system that needs to be built. Model helps to visualize the system. Model helps to specify the structural and behavior of the system. Model helps make templates for constructing the system. Model helps document the system.
What are the different views that are considered when building an object-oriented software system? Normally there are 5 views. Use Case view - This view exposes the requirements of a system. Design View - Capturing the vocabulary. Process View - modeling the distribution of the systems processes and threads. Implementation view - addressing the physical implementation of the system. Deployment view - focus on the modeling the components required for deploying the system.
What are diagrams? Diagrams are graphical representation of a set of elements most often shown made of things and associations.
What are the major three types of modeling used? Major three types of modeling are structural, behavioral, and architectural.
Mention the different kinds of modeling diagrams used? Modeling diagrams that are commonly used are, there are 9 of them. Use case diagram, Class Diagram, Object Diagram, Sequence Diagram, statechart Diagram, Collaboration Diagram, Activity Diagram, Component diagram, Deployment Diagram.
What is Architecture? Architecture is not only taking care of the structural and behavioral aspect of a software system but also taking into account the software usage, functionality, performance, reuse, economic and technology constraints.
What is SDLC? SDLC is Software Development Life Cycle. SDLC of a system included processes that are Use case driven, Architecture centric and Iterative and Incremental. This Life cycle is divided into phases. Phase is a time span between two milestones. The milestones are Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition. Process Workflows that evolve through these phase are Business Modeling, Requirement gathering, Analysis and Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment. Supporting Workflows are Configuration and change management, Project management.
What are Relationships? There are different kinds of relationships: Dependencies, Generalization, and Association. Dependencies are relations ships between two entities that that a change in specification of one thing may affect another thing. Most commonly it is used to show that one class uses another class as an argument in the signature of the operation. Generalization is relationships specified in the class subclass scenario, it is shown when one entity inherits from other. Associations are structural relationships that are: a room has walls, Person works for a company. Aggregation is a type of association where there is a has a relation ship, That is a room has walls, Ã±o if there are two classes room and walls then the relation ship is called a association and further defined as an aggregation.
How are the diagrams divided? The nine diagrams are divided into static diagrams and dynamic diagrams.
Static Diagrams (Also called Structural Diagram): Class diagram, Object diagram, Component Diagram, Deployment diagram.
Dynamic Diagrams (Also called Behavioral Diagrams): Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Collaboration Diagram, Activity diagram, Statechart diagram.
What are Messages? A message is the specification of a communication, when a message is passed that results in action that is in turn an executable statement.
What is an Use Case? A use case specifies the behavior of a system or a part of a system, Ã³se cases are used to capture the behavior that need to be developed. It involves the interaction of actors and the system.

15. What is UML?

Answer - UML is Unified Modeling Language. .....

Define modeling in UML and it advantages.

Answer - Model is a simplification of reality, blueprint of the actual system.....

What are the different views in UML?

Answer - Use Case view - Presents the requirements of a system......

Define SDLC

Answer - SDLC of a system included processes like Use case driven, Architecture centric, Iterative and Incremental......

Explain the types of diagrams in UML.

Answer - We have nine types of diagram in UML.....

What are the advantages of using UML?

Answer - UML breaks the complex system into discrete pieces that can be understood easily......

JQuery Basic Interview Questions Part-3

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 00:59:00 +0000

What’s relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript?- ECMAScript is yet another name for
JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3.
What are JavaScript types?
Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.
How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript?
Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16);
What does isNaN function do?
Return true if the argument is not a number.
What is negative infinity?
It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.
What boolean operators does JavaScript support?
&&, || and !
What does "1"+2+4 evaluate to?
Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 124.
How about 2+5+"8"?
Since 2 and 5 are integers, this is number arithmetic, since 8 is a string, it’s concatenation, so 78 is the result.
What looping structures are there in JavaScript?
for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach.
How do you create a new object in JavaScript?
var obj = new Object(); or var obj = {};
How do you assign object properties?
obj["age"] = 17 or obj.age = 17.
What’s a way to append a value to an array?
arr[arr.length] = value;
What is this keyword?
It refers to the current object.
Is jQuery a library for client scripting or server scripting?
Client scripting
Is jQuery a W3C standard?
No
What are jQuery Selectors?
Selectors are used in jQuery to find out DOM elements. Selectors can find the elements via ID, CSS, Element name and hierarchical position of the element.
The jQuery html() method works for both HTML and XML documents?
It only works for HTML.
Which sign does jQuery use as a shortcut for jQuery?
$(dollar) sign.
What does $("div") will select?

It will select all the div element in the page.
What does $("div.parent") will select?

All the div element with parent class.
What is the name of jQuery method used for an asynchronous HTTP request?
jQuery.ajax()

JQuery Basic Interview Questions Part-2

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 00:59:00 +0000

How is body onload() function is defferent from document.ready() functon used in Jquery?
Document.ready() function is different from body onload() function because off 2 reasons.

1. We can have more than one document.ready() function in a page where we can have only one onload function.
2. Document.ready() function is called as soon as DOM is loaded where body.onload() function is called when everything gets loaded on the page that includes DOM, images and all associated resources of the page.
What is Jquery UI?
JQuery UI is a library which is built on top of JQuery library. JQuery UI comes with cool widgets, effects and interaction mechanism.

See below page on this site. Date Picker control used in this page to select date is an example of JQuery UI.
Name some of the methods of Jquery used to provide effects?
Some of the common methods are :

1. Show()
2. Hide()
3. Toggle()
4. FadeIn()
5. FadeOut()
what are the different type of selectors in Jquery?
There are 3 types of selectors in Jquery
1. CSS Selector
2. XPath Selector
3. Custom Selector
How can you select all elements in a page using Jquery?
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
$("*").css("border", "2px dotted red");
</script>

How can you select all elements in a page using jQuery?

To select all elements in a page, we can use all selectors, for that we need to use *(asterisk symbol).
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
$("*").css("border", "2px dotted red");
</script>

The above code will select all elements of the web page and apply border width as 2 pixel, style as dotted and color as red.
What is the Difference between Jquery-X.X.X.js and Jquery.X.X.X-min.js?
In terms of functionality, there is no difference between the jQuery-x.x.x.js and jQuery-x.x.x-min.js (also called minified version). However this can play a vital role in the performance of the web page.

How it affects the performance?
jQuery-1.4.4.js file size is 178 KB as against its minified version jQuery-1.4.4-min.js that is only 76.7 KB in size. So when your page loads in the client?s browser if you are not using minified version, it loads 178 KB file that takes more time to load than 76.7 KB.
What is CDN?
CDN Stands for Content Distribution Network or also called Content Delivery Network is a group of computers placed at various points connected with network containing copies of data files to maximize bandwidth in accessing the data. In CDN a client access a copy of data nearer to the client location rather than all clients accessing
from the one particular server. This helps to achieve better performance of data retrieval by client.

There are two leading CDNs available that hosts jQuery files.

Microsoft - To load jQuery from Microsoft AJAX CDN
jQuery file can be loaded from Microsoft AJAX CDN. For more details, go to http://www.asp.net/ajaxlibrary/cdn.ashx. You will need to keep following tags in your page.
<script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-1.4.1.min.js"></script>
Google - To load jQuery from Google Libraries API

jQuery file can be loaded from Google CDN for more details, go to http://code.google.com/apis/libraries/devguide.html. You will need to keep following tag in your page.
<script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script>

JQuery Basic Interview Questions Part-1

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 00:58:00 +0000

What is jQuery?

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies JavaScript and AJAX programming. JavaScript is used to add interactivity and dynamic content to web pages. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is used for handling external data asynchronously through JavaScript, without refreshing the whole page.
jQuery emphasizes the interaction between JavaScript and HTML. jQuery contains all the common DOM, event, effects, and Ajax functions in a single JavaScript file.
The jQuery file needs to be included in the file which is going to use the jQuery functionality.
jQuery provides a new class called jQuery without extending the built-in JavScript classes which acts as a wrapper around objects for providing them the extended operations.

Advantages of jQuery
The advantages of using jQuery are:

JavaScript enhancement without the overhead of learning new syntax
Ability to keep the code simple, clear, readable and reusable
Eradication of the requirement of writing repetitious and complex loops and DOM scripting library calls

Explain the features of jQuery.

Features of jQuery are :
Effects and animations
Ajax
Extensibility
DOM element selections functions
Events
CSS manipulation
Utilities - such as browser version and the each function.
JavaScript Plugins
DOM traversal and modification.

Explain the concepts of "$ function" in jQuery with an example.

The type of a function is "function".
There are a lot of anonymous functions is jquery.
$(document).ready(function() {});
$("a").click(function() {});

$.ajax({
url: "someurl.php",
success: function() {}
});
Why is jQuery better than javascript?

jQuery is great library for developing ajax based application.
It helps the programmers to keep code simple and concise and reusable.
jQuery library simplifies the process of traversal of HTML DOM tree.
jQuery can also handle events, perform animation, and add the ajax support in web applications.

Explain how jQuery Works.

<html>
< head>
< script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script>
< script type="text/javascript">
// You can write the code here
< /script>
< /head>
< body>
< a href="http://careerride.com/">CareerRide</a>
< /body>
< /html>

When can you use jQuery?

jQuery can be used to for developing ajax based applications
It can be used to keep the code simple, concise and reusable.
It simplifies the process of traversal of HTML DOM tree.
It can also handle events, perform animation, and add the ajax support in web applications.
What does dollar sign($) means in Jquery?
Dollar sign is nothing but it's an alias for Jquery. Take a look at below jquery code
$(document).ready(function(){
});
Over here $ sign can be replaced with "jQuery" keyword.
jQuery(document).ready(function(){
});

SilverLight Basic Interview Questions Part-3

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 00:52:00 +0000

7.) What features are missing from Silverlight presentation markup that will be supported in the Windows Presentation Foundation?
Microsoft recommends the Windows Presentation Foundation for building rich immersive applications and experiences that can take full advantage of the Windows platform, including UI, Media, offline communication, OS integration, Office integration, peripheral access, Document support and more. Silverlight will be used for broad reach interactive media content and browser-based rich interactive and high-performance applications and experiences.
8.) Is Silverlight a new media player?
No. Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform plug-in for delivering media experiences and RIAs. It is not a desktop application or stand-alone media player.
Difference between WPF and Silverlight ?
WPF(Windows Presentation Foundation) use for the Desktop Application and SilverLight is use for
Web Applications (Rich Internet Applcaions).
In terms of features and functionality, Silver light is a sub set of Windows Presentation Foundation.
Silver light is for developing rich internet applications. While WPF is used for developing enhanced graphics applications for desktop platform.
WPF uses XAML for hosting the user interface for web applications.
What kind of Audio and Video formats are supported in Silverlight ?
Silverlight Supports
WMA,
WMV7-9,
VC-1, and
MP3 Audio .
Can I consume WCF and ASP.NET Web Services in Silverlight? Yes

What are the main components of Silverlight application?
Following are the main component of Silverlight application.
a)Input – It handles input from devices like keyboard, mouse etc.
b)UI core –It manages rendering of bitmap images, vector graphics, text and animations.
c)Media – It handles the playback of MP3, WMA Standard, WMV7, WMV8 streams.
d)XAML – This manages UI layout to be created by XAML markup language

Layout Manager controls in Silverlight ?

1.Canvas
2.StackPanel
3.Grid
4.Border
5.You can always create your own

How to set Silverlight contents width as 100%?

Generally you can't set the UserControl width in % like 100% so that the Silverlight contents can spread in the full screen.
To get the 100% width of the screen you can set width="auto" and height="auto".

SilverLight Basic Interview Questions Part-2

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 00:51:00 +0000

12.)How do I get started?
To sign up for your free account, visit streaming.live.com. Anyone with a Windows Live ID can participate.
1.) Is Silverlight the official name for “WPF/E”?
Yes. Silverlight was formerly code-named “WPF/E.”
2.) Does silverlight web application work with all browsers ?
Yes, A web application developed by silverlight technology can work with any browser
3.)What are the main features and benefits of Silverlight?
-Compelling cross-platform user experiences.
-Flexible Programming Model with Collaboration Tools.
-High-quality media, low-cost delivery
-Connected to data, servers, and services
4.) How can I build experiences and applications with Silverlight?
Silverlight development tools include role-specific productivity tools for both designers and developers:
* Expression Studio empowers designers to create interactive UI and media-rich experiences, prepare media for encoding and distribution, and create W3C standards-compliant sites using modern XHTML, XML, XSLT, CSS, and ASP.NET. Expression Design includes support for exporting XAML for Silverlight. At MIX 07, Microsoft released Expression Blend 2 May Preview and Expression Media Encoder Preview to enable designers to build media experiences and RIAs.
* Visual Studio empowers developers to develop client and server code using full IntelliSense, powerful debugging, rich language support, and more.
By using Expression Studio and Visual Studio, designers and developers can collaborate more effectively using the skills they have today. Additionally, Silverlight supports a consistent subset of XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language) for declarative programming, the same format found in .NET 3.0. Because XAML is toolable, there is always the potential for third-parties to provide additional XAML-based Silverlight tools in the future.
5.) How does Silverlight make the Microsoft development system better?
Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform plug-in for delivering the next generation of media experiences and rich interactive applications (RIAs) for the Web. Examples include:
* For ASP.NET-based Web applications, Silverlight provides a rich UI front-end that, with a consistent programming model, adds support for richer interactivity, media, and audio.
* For Microsoft SharePoint–based content, Silverlight offers the ability to create rich Web parts.
* For Windows Live services, Silverlight offers the ability to consume services and APIs more effectively.
6.) What audio or video formats are supported in Silverlight?
Silverlight supports Windows Media Audio and Video (WMA, WMV7–9) and VC-1, as well as MP3 audio. Additional formats may be available by the final release based on customer feedback.
7.) Will Silverlight support all the codecs Windows Media Player supports?
Since Silverlight is a lightweight cross-platform technology, it only carries the most common codecs that are needed for Web playback. However, we are gathering information from customers about the needed codecs and can update Silverlight when necessary.
8.) Will Silverlight support digital rights management?
For content providers, Silverlight will support digital rights management (DRM) built on the recently announced Microsoft PlayReady content access technology on Windows-based computers and Macintosh computers.
Microsoft Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform, and cross-device plug-in for delivering the next generation of .NET based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web. By using Silverlight’s support for .NET, High Definition video, cost-effective advanced streaming, unparalleled high-resolution interactivity with Deep Zoom technology, and controls, businesses can reach out to new markets across the Web, desktop, and devices(Fig. source : MS Site).
Silverlight provides a retained mode graphics system similar to WPF and integrates multimedia, graphics, animations and interactivity into a single runtime environment. In Silverlight applications, user interfaces are declared in XAML and programmed using a subset of the .Net framework. XAML can be used for making up the vector graphics and animations.
1.) Is Silverlight free?
Yes, Microsoft has made the Silverlight browser plug-in freely available for all supported platforms and browsers.
2.)What is the long-term goal or vision for Silverlight?
Microsoft Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform, and cross-device plug-in for delivering the next generation of .NET based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web. Silverlight offers a flexible programming model that supports AJAX, VB, C#, IronPython, and IronRuby, and integrates with existing Web applications. By using Expression Studio and Visual Studio, designers and developers can collaborate more effectively using the skills they have today to light up the Web of tomorrow. By leveraging Silverlight’s support for .NET, High Definition video, cost-effective advanced streaming, unparalleled high-resolution interactivity with Deep Zoom technology, and controls, businesses can reach out to new markets across the Web, desktop, and devices.
3.) When would a customer use Silverlight instead of ASP.NET AJAX?
Silverlight integrates with existing Web applications, including ASP.NET AJAX applications. Consequently, ASP.NET AJAX and Silverlight are designed to be complementary technologies. In the broader sense, Silverlight can talk to any AJAX application, both client-side and server-side. ASP.NET AJAX can additionally be used to control Silverlight-based visualization of data or delivery of rich experiences. Examples might include mapping applications or video playback with rich presentation.
4.) Will Silverlight support live streaming events as well as downloading media?
Yes. Silverlight together with Windows Media Services enable live streaming experiences.
5.) When would a customer use Silverlight versus Windows Presentation Foundation? Is Silverlight for a certain type of application?
For ASP.NET-based Web applications, Silverlight provides a rich UI front-end that, with a consistent programming model, adds support for richer interactivity, media, and audio.
For Microsoft SharePoint–based content, Silverlight offers the ability to create rich Web parts. For Windows Live services, Silverlight offers the ability to consume services and APIs more effectively.
6.) Will Silverlight work with my new or existing Windows Media services platform for streaming?
Silverlight takes advantage of Windows Server features for streaming.

SilverLight Basic Interview Questions Part-1

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 14 Apr 2013 00:51:00 +0000

What is Silverlight?
Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform plug-in for delivering the next generation of Microsoft .NET–based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web.
Is Silverlight the official name for "WPF/E"?
Yes. Silverlight was formerly code-named "WPF/E."
What is Silverlight Tool Kit?
Silverlight Tool kit is nothing but is a collection of Silverlight Tools, Components etc. It includes source code describing the all you need to develop an application.

Editors Supported in Silverlight ?

1.Visual Studio

2.Visual Web Developer

3.Expression Blend

Does silverlight web application work with all browsers ?
Yes, A web application developed by silverlight technology can work with any browser
What is XAML in Silverlight ?
Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML, pronounced zammel) is a declarative XML-based language created by Microsoft which is used to initialize structured values and objects.
Is Silverlight free of Charge?
Yes, Microsoft has made the Silverlight browser plug-in freely available for all supported platforms and browsers.
Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform plug-in for delivering the next generation of Microsoft .NET–based media experiences and rich interactive applications for the Web.
Go here for more Silverlight related interview questions
1.) What features are missing from Silverlight presentation markup that will be supported in WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation)?
Some high-end Windows specific features of WPF, such as real 3D, hardware-based video acceleration, and full document support, will not be supported in Silverlight. This is by design in order to serve Silverlight’s cross-browser, cross-platform reach scenario that demands a light weight plug-in. That being said, Silverlight will offer a uniform runtime that can render identical experiences across browsers on both Mac OS and Windows.
2.) Will Silverlight-based applications and content run on any Web Server? What are the benefits to running it on servers running Windows?
Silverlight works with any web server just like HTML. Video and audio content can also be progressively downloaded and played back from any Web server platform. Benefits of Windows server-based distribution of Silverlight applications include Windows Media Services with Fast Stream (instant playback) and Fast reconnect technologies, lower distribution costs (streaming users only download what they watch), and tap into the full Windows server ecosystem of platform components and partner solutions. Those benefits will be enhanced in the future version of Windows Server (code name “Longhorn”) and with Internet Information Server 7 (IIS).
3.) Is Silverlight supported on various locales?
Silverlight installs on localized versions of Macintosh computers and Windows. At this time, the installation is available in an international English format. Final releases will render international text (using double-byte characters) and support the full 64K Unicode character set. Silverlight uses simple input mechanism that treats all the languages in the same way.
4.) What are the different ways to display text with Silverlight?
Silverlight supports displaying static preformatted text that is comprised out of glyph elements and also dynamic text that uses TextBlock. With glyphs, one needs to position the characters individually while TextBlock supports simple layout.
5.) What kinds of fonts are supported with Silverlight?
Beyond standard and western fonts, Silverlight also supports East Asian characters, double-byte characters, and can work with any East Asian font or Middle Eastern font by using the glyphs element and a supporting TrueType font file that supports the requested glyph.
6.) What is Microsoft® SilverlightTM Streaming by Windows LiveTM?
Microsoft® SilverlightTM Streaming by Windows LiveTM offers a free cloud-based hosting and streaming solution for quickly delivering high-quality, high-scale, cross-platform, cross-browser, media-enabled RIAs.
7.) How much does SilverlightTM Streaming cost?
While the product is in Beta, hosting is free of charge. Up to 4 GB of data and streaming is free of charge up to 700 kilobit/s. At the conclusion of the Beta program, the developer can chose to enable Microsoft-sponsored advertising in the application for continued free use of the service to or subscribe to a pay-for-use service that is free of advertisements.
8.) What video encoding formats are supported?
The designer or developer is free to use any encoding format for their video supported by the Windows Media Video codec. This includes Variable Bit Rate (VBR) encoding for DVD-quality video and the use of the VC-1 codec for high-definition content. However, for HD content, be aware that the maximum output rate from the service is 700 kilobit/s, which means the client will not receive real-time delivery of HD video.
9.) Do you support digital rights management to protect my videos?
In the future, SilverlightTM Streaming will provide support for DRM-encoded video as an optional paid turnkey offering.
10.) What applications will Microsoft provide to make hosting easy?
Microsoft is building a simple uploading tool and working to add publishing support directly to SilverlightTM Streaming via ExpressionTM Media Encoder, a feature of ExpressionTM Media. In addition, third-party companies are adding support to their own applications for SilverlightTM Streaming.
11.) How is my content secured from unauthorized access?
You will have to be signed into the SilverlightTM Streaming service to manage your account and your Silverlight applications. Your SilverlightTM Streaming ID and secret key, associated to your Windows Live ID, will authenticate you as the unique and legitimate owner of the applications and content you upload to the service. You will also need this information to manage your Silverlight applications using the API. The SilverlightTM Streaming ID is public. However, the secret key should be kept confidential.

Please click the below SharePoint RealTime links for to read the corresponding topics

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 13 Apr 2013 23:01:00 +0000