Hacker's Team

What is TCP/IP & UDP Attacks...

2015-02-07T21:00:00.000+05:30

Hello, Lets explain "TCP/IP & UDP Attacks", Most common and effective Web attacks...Lets Know abt its basic and types...

TCP/IP Attacks

1. TCP SYN or TCP ACK Flood Attack

2. TCP Sequence Number Attack

3. TCP/IP

UDP attacks

1. ICMP Attacks

2. Smurf Attacks

3. ICMP Tunneling

TCP operates using synchronized connections. The synchronization is vulnerable to attack; this is probably the most common attack used today. The synchronization or handshake, process initiates a TCP connection. This handshake is particularly vulnerable to a DoS attack referred to as the TCP SYN Flood attack. The process is also susceptible to access and modification attacks, which are briefly explained in the following sections.

TCP SYN or TCP ACK Flood Attack: This attack is very common... The purpose of this attack is to deny service. The attack begins as a normal TCP connection: the client and the server exchange information in TCP packets. The TCP client continues to send ACK packets to the server, these ACK packets tells the server that a connection is requested. The server thus responds to the client with a ACK packet, the client is supposed to respond with another packet accepting the connection to establish the session. In this attack the client continually send and receives the ACK packets but it does not open the session. The server holds these sessions open, awaiting the final packet in the sequence. This cause the server to fill up the available connections and denies any requesting clients access.

TCP Sequence Number Attack: This is when the attacker takes control of one end of a TCP session. The goal of this attack is to kick the attacked end of the network for the duration of the session. Only then will the attack be successful. Each time a TCP message is sent the client or the server generates a sequence number. The attacker intercepts and then responds with a sequence number similar to the one used in the original session. This attack can then hijack or disrupt a session. If a valid sequence number is guessed the attacker can place himself between the client and the server. The attacker gains the connection and the data from the legitimate system. The only defense of such an attack is to know that its occurring... There is little that can be done...

TCP Hijacking: This is also called active sniffing, it involves the attacker gaining access to a host in the network and logically disconnecting it from the network. The attacker then inserts another machine with the same IP address. This happens quickly and gives the attacker access to the session and to all the information on the original system.

UDP packets aren't connection oriented and don't require the synchronization process as with TCP. UDP packets, however, are susceptible to interception, thus it can be attacked. UDP, like TCP, doesn't check the validity of an IP address. The nature of this layer is to trust the layer above it (I'm referring to the IP layer). The most common UDP attacks involve UDP flooding. UDP flooding overloads services, networks, and servers. Large streams of UDP packets are focused at a target, causing UDP services on that host to shut down. It can also overload the network and cause a DoS situation to occur.

ICMP Attacks: This occur by triggering a response from the ICMP protocol when it responds to a seemingly legitimate request (think of it as echoing). Ping for instance, that uses the ICMP protocol. Ping is a good example of this type of attack, it overloads te server with more bytes than it can handle, larger connections. Its ping flood.

Smurf Attacks: This attack uses IP spoofing and broadcasting to send a ping to a group of hosts on a network. When a host is pinged it send back ICMP message traffic information indicating status to the originator. If a broadcast is sent to network, all hosts will answer back to the ping. The result is an overload of network and the target system. The only way to prevent this attack is to prohibit ICMP traffic on the router.

ICMP Tunneling: ICMP can contain data about timing and routes. A packet can be used to hold information that is different from the intended information. This allows an ICMP packet to be used as a communications channel between two systems. The channel can be used to send a Trojan horse or other malicious packet. The counter measure is to deny ICMP traffic on your network.

Warning: ICMP can be very dangerous..and Even, Don't try such attack from your pc, untill you don't know that how to be invisible on internet! Beccause once you get traced out ...No one can help you from Troubles..

Content from: CA

Basic Linux Commands

2015-01-15T17:27:00.000+05:30

mkdir - make directories

Usage

mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY

Options

Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-m, mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask

-p, parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed

-v, verbose print a message for each created directory

-help display this help and exit

-version output version information and exit

cd - change directories

Use cd to change directories. Type cd followed by the name of a directory to access that directory.Keep in mind that you are always in a directory and can navigate to directories hierarchically above or below.

mv- change the name of a directory

Type mv followed by the current name of a directory and the new name of the directory.

Ex: mv testdir newnamedir

pwd - print working directory

will show you the full path to the directory you are currently in. This is very handy to use, especially when performing some of the other commands on this page

rmdir - Remove an existing directory

rm -r

Removes directories and files within the directories recursively.

chown - change file owner and group

Usage

chown [OPTION] OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE

chown [OPTION] :GROUP FILE

chown [OPTION] --reference=RFILE FILE

Options

Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.

-c, changes like verbose but report only when a change is made

-dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link, rather than the symbolic link itself

-h, no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file (useful only on systems that can change the ownership of a symlink)

-from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUP

change the owner and/or group of each file only if its current owner and/or group match those specified here. Either may be omitted, in which case a match is not required for the omitted attribute.

-no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)

-preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'

-f, -silent, -quiet suppress most error messages

-reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than the specifying OWNER:GROUP values

-R, -recursive operate on files and directories recursively

-v, -verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed

The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final one takes effect.

-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link to a directory, traverse it

-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered

-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)

chmod - change file access permissions

Usage

chmod [-r] permissions filenames

r Change the permission on files that are in the subdirectories of the directory that you are currently in. permission Specifies the rights that are being granted. Below is the different rights that you can grant in an alpha numeric format.filenames File or directory that you are associating the rights with Permissions

u - User who owns the file.

g - Group that owns the file.

o - Other.

a - All.

r - Read the file.

w - Write or edit the file.

x - Execute or run the file as a program.

Numeric Permissions:

CHMOD can also to attributed by using Numeric Permissions:

400 read by owner

040 read by group

004 read by anybody (other)

200 write by owner

020 write by group

002 write by anybody

100 execute by owner

010 execute by group

001 execute by anybody

ls - Short listing of directory contents

-a list hidden files

-d list the name of the current directory

-F show directories with a trailing '/'

executable files with a trailing '*'

-g show group ownership of file in long listing

-i print the inode number of each file

-l long listing giving details about files and directories

-R list all subdirectories encountered

-t sort by time modified instead of name

cp - Copy files

cp myfile yourfile

Copy the files "myfile" to the file "yourfile" in the current working directory. This command will create the file "yourfile" if it doesn't exist. It will normally overwrite it without warning if it exists.

cp -i myfile yourfile

With the "-i" option, if the file "yourfile" exists, you will be prompted before it is overwritten.

cp -i /data/myfile

Copy the file "/data/myfile" to the current working directory and name it "myfile". Prompt before overwriting the file.

cp -dpr srcdir destdir

Copy all files from the directory "srcdir" to the directory "destdir" preserving links (-poption), file attributes (-p option), and copy recursively (-r option). With these options, a directory and all it contents can be copied to another dir

ln - Creates a symbolic link to a file.

ln -s test symlink

Creates a symbolic link named symlink that points to the file test Typing "ls -i test symlink" will show the two files are different with different inodes. Typing "ls -l test symlink" will show that symlink points to the file test.

locate - A fast database driven file locator.

slocate -u

This command builds the slocate database. It will take several minutes to complete this command.This command must be used before searching for files, however cron runs this command periodically on most systems.locate whereis Lists all files whose names contain the string "whereis". directory.

more - Allows file contents or piped output to be sent to the screen one page at a time

less - Opposite of the more command

cat - Sends file contents to standard output. This is a way to list the contents of short files to the screen. It works well with piping.

whereis - Report all known instances of a command

wc - Print byte, word, and line counts

bg jobs - Places the current job (or, by using the alternative form, the specified jobs) in the background, suspending its execution so that a new user prompt appears immediately. Use the jobs command to discover the identities of background jobs.

cal month year - Prints a calendar for the specified month of the specified year.

cat files - Prints the contents of the specified files.

clear - Clears the terminal screen.

cmp file1 file2 - Compares two files, reporting all discrepancies. Similar to the diff command, though the output format differs.

diff file1 file2 - Compares two files, reporting all discrepancies. Similar to the cmp command, though the output format differs.

dmesg - Prints the messages resulting from the most recent system boot.

fg jobs - Brings the current job (or the specified jobs) to the foreground.

file files - Determines and prints a description of the type of each specified file.

find path -name pattern -print

Searches the specified path for files with names matching the specified pattern (usually enclosed in single quotes) and prints their names. The find command has many other arguments and functions; see the online documentation.

finger users - Prints descriptions of the specified users.

free - Displays the amount of used and free system memory.

ftp hostname

Opens an FTP connection to the specified host, allowing files to be transferred. The FTP program provides subcommands for accomplishing file transfers; see the online documentation.

head files - Prints the first several lines of each specified file.

ispell files - Checks the spelling of the contents of the specified files.

kill process_ids

kill - signal process_ids

kill -l

Kills the specified processes, sends the specified processes the specified signal (given as a number or name), or prints a list of available signals.

killall program

killall - signal program

Kills all processes that are instances of the specified program or sends the specified signal to all processes that are instances of the specified program.

mail - Launches a simple mail client that permits sending and receiving email messages.

man title

man section title - Prints the specified man page.

ping host - Sends an echo request via TCP/IP to the specified host. A response confirms that the host is operational.

reboot - Reboots the system (requires root privileges).

shutdown minutes

shutdown -r minutes

Shuts down the system after the specified number of minutes elapses (requires root privileges). The -r option causes the system to be rebooted once it has shut down.

sleep time - Causes the command interpreter to pause for the specified number of seconds.

sort files - Sorts the specified files. The command has many useful arguments; see the online documentation.

split file - Splits a file into several smaller files. The command has many arguments; see the online documentation

sync - Completes all pending input/output operations (requires root privileges).

telnet host - Opens a login session on the specified host.

top - Prints a display of system processes that's continually updated until the user presses the q key.

traceroute host - Uses echo requests to determine and print a network path to the host.

uptime - Prints the system uptime.

w - Prints the current system users.

wall - Prints a message to each user except those who've disabled message reception. Type Ctrl-D to end the message.

Windows 7 SP1 ISO

2014-12-30T22:12:00.000+05:30

Genuine Windows 7 Ultimate (SP1 Included) (ISO File)
- Performance, reliability, security, and compatibility are core tenets of this release.

Building on the innovations brought by its predecessors, Windows 7 is the operating system that takes everything one step further. Microsoft released the successor to Vista in order to provide users worldwide with a completely new experience that takes reliability, compatibility, performance and security to a whole new level.

Windows 7 Ultimate SP1-U ISO

English x86: X17-59463.iso
English x64: X17-59465.iso

Windows 7 Professional SP1-U ISO

English x86: X17-59183.iso
English x64: X17-59186.iso

Windows 7 Professional N SP1-U ISO (Note: N editions come without media components)

English x86: X17-59335.iso
English x64: X17-59337.iso

Windows 7 Home Premium SP1-U ISO

English x86: X17-58996.iso
English x64: X17-58997.iso

While the official Windows 7 SP1 DVD media ISO images are only available in limited sets of languages and editions, it’s possible to install a language pack to switch to another display language, and use Windows 7 ISO Image Edition Switcher to change to another edition. The ultimate solution is to create an all-edition Windows 7 ISO image with ei.cfg Removal Utility.

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How to Install Classic Gnome Desktop in Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise)

2014-10-29T18:19:00.000+05:30

This tutorial will explain how to install "Classic Gnome" desktop in Ubuntu 12.04.

By default Ubuntu 12.04 loads in to unity desktop. Some of the users didn't like unity desktop so they want to get back the old classic gnome desktop.

How to Install Classic Gnome

Open the terminal and run one of the following commands both does the same task.

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback

sudo apt-get install gnome-panel

Once you install the classic gnome desktop you need to Log-Out from the existing session. Once you are at Log-On screen click the option to change your session then choose Gnome Classic.

Now try to Log into your system, You will see the old families desktop environment in front of you...

Install Ubuntu 13.04

2013-05-28T17:10:00.005+05:30

Using a DVD?

It’s easy to install Ubuntu from a DVD.
Here’s what you need to do:

Put the Ubuntu DVD into the DVD-drive
Restart your computer. You should see a welcome screen prompting you to choose your language and giving you the option to install Ubuntu or try it from the DVD.

Using a USB drive?

Most newer computers can boot from USB. You should see a welcome screen prompting you to choose your language and giving you the option to install Ubuntu or try it from the CD.

If your computer doesn’t automatically do so, you might need to press the F12 key to bring up the boot menu, but be careful not to hold it down - that can cause an error message.

Prepare to install Ubuntu

We recommend you plug your computer into a power source.
You should also make sure you have enough space on your computer to install Ubuntu.
We advise you to select Download updates while installing and Install this third-party software now.
You should also stay connected to the internet so you can get the latest updates while you install Ubuntu.
If you’re not connected to the internet, we’ll help you set up wireless at the next step.

Set up wireless

If you are not connected to the internet, you will be asked to select a wireless network, if available. We advise you to connect during the installation so we can ensure your machine is up to date. So, if you set up your wireless network at this point, it’s worth then clicking the Back button to go back to the last screen (Preparing to install Ubuntu) and ticking the box marked ’Download updates while installing’.

Allocate drive space

Use the check boxes to choose whether you’d like to Install Ubuntu alongside another operating system, delete your existing operating system and replace it with Ubuntu, or —> if you’re an advanced user —> choose the ’Something else’option

Begin the installation

Depending on your previous selections, you can now verify that you have chosen the way in which you would like to install Ubuntu. The installation process will begin when you click the Install Now button.

Ubuntu needs about 4.5 GB to install, so add a few extra GB to allow for your files.

Not sure about this step? Windows users can use the Windows installer, which will install and uninstall Ubuntu in the same way as any other Windows application. It’s simpler and completely safe.

Select your location

If you are connected to the internet, this should be done automatically. Check your location is correct and click’Forward’ to proceed. If you’re unsure of your time zone, type the name of the town you’re in or click on the map and we’ll help you find it.

Select your preferred keyboard layout

Click on the language option you need. If you’re not sure, click the ’Detect Keyboard Layout’ button for help.

Enter your login and password details

Learn more about Ubuntu while the system installs…

…or make a cup of tea!

That’s it.

All that’s left is to restart your computer and start enjoying Ubuntu!

Please Note: The Content and Images are taken from Ubuntu website.

Internet Explorer 10 now available for Windows 7

2013-03-08T23:42:00.003+05:30

Microsoft has released Internet Explorer 10 for Windows 7 after more than a year of testing. Internet Explorer 10 has been a Windows 8 exclusive so far, but Windows 7 users can get their hands on it with the official release of IE 10 for Windows 7.

What's changed from IE 8 / IE 9 ? For many Windows 7 users, there will be no apparent change other than the updated interface. Windows 8 users running Internet Explorer 10 will notice the biggest changes as Microsoft designed IE from the ground up to work with touch. Windows 7 users won't get the simplified touch interface nor will they get handy features like sharing from the Windows Charms Bar.

There are plenty of improvements under the hood of the Internet Explorer 10 for Windows 7. Here's a look at the features that may make you to upgrade.

Do Not Track Enabled by Default

It seems that just about every browser these days has a 'do not track' feature. This feature allows users to opt out of targeted advertising. With Google Chrome, you'll have to enable it yourself. Microsoft makes 'do not track' user friendly by having it be opt-out instead. This move by Microsoft has upset some companies with its do not track enabled by default. Some companies have announced that they will be ignoring IE 10's do not track settings.

Flip Ahead

Internet Explorer 10 can detect when an article on the Web has multiple pages, and offers a “Flip Ahead” function to turn to the next page. It's useful if you're reading through an article and can't find the “next page” button on the website. Just hit the “Forward” button in IE10's navigation bar to flip the page. This feature is disabled by default because it sends your browsing history to Microsoft. To enable it, go to Internet Properties > Advanced > Browsing and check “Enable Flip Ahead.”

Security Enhancements

IE has been very weak in the security department and Microsoft hopes to change this with IE 10. The main security addition to IE 10 is "Enhanced Protected Mode," which will lock down parts of the Windows operating system, preventing the browser from accessing the OS. There will be specific pop-ups that will ask for permission to access part of the OS that a browser typically doesn't require. This will help prevent viruses or hackers from gaining access to your files, even if IE has been compromised.

Performance Enhancements

IE 10 is the quickest version of the browser yet. Microsoft has included support for web standards like CSS animations, HTML5 spell checking, and improved JavaScript performance. The browser definitely feels a lot snappier than previous versions and puts it on par with competitors like Firefox and Chrome. Microsoft even partnered with Atari and Contre Jour to show off the power of Internet Explorer 10.

There are plenty more improvements to the browser but these are the most notable.

Note: To upgrade to IE 10 for Windows 7. You need to have Windows 7 Service Pack 1 installed as your OS. If you don't have SP1. You cant install IE 10.

Facebook's New Graph Search

2013-01-16T11:33:00.000+05:30

Facebook evolved from a social network to a social toolkit when it launched Graph Search on Tuesday. It can now help pinpoint, for instance, job candidates, restaurant recommendations, potential dates and vacation destinations.

Facebook's entry into search takes the opposite approach of Google's entry into social. Instead of staking its claim in a new category as Google+ did, Graph Social at least for now expands Facebook's role in the social category.

Graph Search leverages Facebook's social data to pinpoint any combination of people, places, photos and interests. It is designed to field queries such as “photos of my best friend” or “friends of friends who like my favorite band and live in India” or “Indian restaurants in New York that friends from India like."

Turning Facebook's social graph into a social tool could be valuable for advertisers because searches often proceed purchases. If I search for which cars my friends like, there's a good chance that I'm in the market for a car. Combine that with other information Facebook has about me.

The user experience has some inherent limitations. It only will return results for data that is public or visible to you. If not many of your friends fill out their interest categories or have a “Liking” habit, your results might be thin, and if their metadata is wrong so are your search results

Whether Search Graph becomes one of Facebook's most valuable assets or biggest flops depends on users' willingness to migrate their searches away from old niche standbys and onto a one-stop shop.

But no matter what happen in future, Presently Facebook is definitely on the top.

Some Photos from Facebook Graph Search Product Launch.

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Facebook Hacker Cup 2013

2013-01-13T11:05:00.001+05:30

This the good news for all the Hackers and programmers, that Facebook have announced the date of Third Hacker cup 2013. This is world wide Programming and hacking competition where Facebook invites all the hackers and programmer over the world wide. This is for the fame, name and glamour. With this winner will get the tittle of the best hacker in the world. There is a prize also for the world champion $10,000 amount.

Now registration is going on and it is free of cost. So whats for waiting register now and show your talent to the world.

The dates have been set for Facebook Hacker Cup 2013.

Registration --> (7 - 27 Jan)
Online Qualification Round --> (25 - 27 Jan)
Online Elimination Round 1 --> (2 Feb)
Online Elimination Round 2 --> (9 Feb)
Online Elimination Round 3 --> (16 Feb)
Onsite Finals at Facebook --> (22 - 23 March)

Register yourself : Click Here (https://www.facebook.com/hackercup/register)

Some of the pictures from the Hacker cup 2012.

(Roman Andreev - Winner of Facebook Hacker Cup 2012 From Russia)

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Firefox 18.0 Available to Download

2013-01-09T10:53:00.002+05:30

Firefox 18.0 is now available to download. Mozilla fixed several bugs and update. Firefox 18.0 include new experience and security to keep people safe on the web from virus and spywares. You can also customize web browsing with more than 500 add-on.

Download Now (Windows): Click Here
Download Now (Android) : Google Play

What’s NEW

-------------------

Faster JavaScript performance via IonMonkey compiler.
Support for Retina Display on OS X 10.7 and Higher.
Preliminary support for WebRTC.

What's CHANGED

---------------------------

Experience better image quality with our new HTML scaling algorithm.
Performance improvements around tab switching.

What's DEVELOP

--------------------------

Support for new DOM property window.devicePixelRatio.
Improvement in startup time through smart handling of signed extension certificates.

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Create Folders Of Different Colors in Windows

2012-12-22T12:00:00.000+05:30

I have something great for you all, So that you can make your desktop look good and attractive. This post is all about “How To Create Folders Of Different Colors In Windows”. By using a light weight software you can easily create folders of different colors in Windows systems.

Follow steps given below:

------------------------------------

1. To create colorful folders, You need to download a software called as “Folder Colorizer”.

Download Software "Click Here"

2. After downloading it, run the setup file and install it on your system.

3. To use it. You need to register & activate it.

4. Once software get activated, you can use it as shown below.

5. Go to any folder in your system and right click over it, You will see a colorize option there.

6. Now select any colors by just clicking over it.

7. If you don't like these colors you may even edit them by clicking “Colors” option at the last as shown in picture.

8. Pick any color you like & click Add color button.

9. If you want to restore the default folder color, Just click “Restore original color”.

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Emergency Lamp

2012-11-04T09:11:00.000+05:30

I found this beautiful blue bottle and it took me a while to decide how to re-purpose it and came up with an attractive emergency light.

Step 1:

The materials I used were (left to right) a small lamp shade that grasps the light bulb, LED tap light, beautiful blue discarded bottle and empty plastic jar with a diameter to match the top diameter of the lampshade.

Step 2:

Take the lampshade and form the wire that grasps the light bulb to grasp the LED tap light. It wasn't tricky or hard, just spread and roll inward and mount the tap light up tight to the top of the shade.

Step 3:

The next thing is to get a clear base that fits the inside small diameter of the lampshade and tap light to support it on top of the bottle. I cut the base at about an inch and a half height. then it was a little tricky to drill the center. I achieved a tight fit and chose to not glue it to the bottle.

Step 4:

Note: To use it you just lift up the shade, tap the light on and set it on the clear plastic ring, Off is just in the reverse order.

Now you can find a convenient place for your little attractive emergency light.

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How to Compile & Execute C Program under Linux (Basics)

2012-09-18T08:46:00.000+05:30

This article is for those guys who used to write a lot of programs under Windows & now have entered the Linux territory. You may probably heard a lot about programming in Linux. But you don't know how to compile it and run your code as it does not provide any interactive interface to do so.

Here's how you do it -

Procedure :

You can type you C program using any of the editors that are available under Linux such as vi or any other editor.

Once you are finished writing, save your C program. Now open a terminal and move to the location where you have saved for C program source code. Type ls (Listing Files). It will display your C program. It should have the .c extension. Now at the prompt type the following.

$ gcc -o firstprogram firstprogram.c

If your file is named firstprogram.c then type '-o firstprogram' as the parameter to gcc. This is basically your suggested name for the executable file that gcc would create. In case you typed something like the following

$ gcc firstprogram.c

You would be having a a.out in the same directory as the source C file. This is the default name of the executable that gcc creates. This would create problems when you compile many programs in one directory. So you override this with the -o option followed by the name of the executable

$ gcc -o xyz firstprogram.c

Would create an executable by the name xyz for your source code named firstprogram.c

Running the executable that you created is as simple as typing the following at the prompt.

$ ./firstprogram

$ ./xyz

Or whatever you named your executable.

This is the basics of compiling C programs under Linux.

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Smartphones Under 8K

2012-07-20T11:08:00.000+05:30

Today mobile market is full smartphone. Different companies with different hardware support have released there phone in market. These phone are very useful specially if you are talking about social media connectivity. You can get one with a good configuration around 10 - 12 thousand. But what if you are planning to buy smartphone but your budget is less then 8 thousand. Most will say you cant get one smartphone in this rang.

We have few smartphone for you, presently available in the market Tag less then 8K.

Spice Mi-270

Spice Mi-270 has Android v2.2 (Froyo) installed with a display of 2.8-inch touchscreen. It is the cheapest smartphone in India, so you cannot expect features like other mobiles. It has only the basic features you can get with the power of a smart OS. The storage memory can be expanded upto 16GB using a Micro SD card. Browse internet via GPRS/EDGE or WiFi, 2 MP camera, FM Radio and GPS navigation.

Battery: Lithium-ion 1000 mAh

Display: 2.8-inch touchscreen

Navigation: Integrated GPS

Dual SIM: Yes

Price: Rs. 3,499 (Link)

Alcatel OT-890D

Alcatel One Touch-890D features Android v2.2 (Froyo), 2 megapixel camera and storage memory of 150 MB which is expandable upto 16 GB via Micro SD card. The display is 2.8-inch but resistive touch screen, obviously you cannot get everything at this price! If you want to surf internet at high speed using 3G then it’s minus 1 for this. It does not have 3G support but it does have WiFi. Other features include FM Radio, MMS, Facebook, Twitter and GPS navigation.

Internet Connectivity: 2G, WiFi

Camera: 2 MP with Geo-tagging

CPU: 420 MHz processor

Battery: 1000 mAh Li-ion

Price: Rs. 3,400 - 4,500 (Link)

Huawei U8150 IDEOS

Huawei U8150 IDEOS is a candy bar shape device, which offers 528 MHz ARM 11 processor with Froyo. It also has an average camera of 3 megapixel. The good thing is that the screen is capacitive touch, but the size is 2.8-inches only. The memory of 200 MB can be expanded upto 32 GB using an external memory card. Surf the internet seamlessly using 3G or WiFi. It also gives you FM Radio, integrated GPS navigation and camera with Geo-tagging.

Internet Connectivity: 3G, WiFi

CPU: 528 MHz processor

Battery: 1200 mAh

Price: Rs. 3,999 - 4,500 (Link)

Karbonn A1

An India based manufacturer, Karbonn A1 features a 2.8-inch resistive touch display with matte finish at the front. The 600 MHz processor with 162 of RAM is enough for basic functions, but when you try to play games that require more memory, it may lag a bit. Thanks to the task manager, applications which may cause the phone to crash will automatically shut down. Camera is quite average, 3.2 MP, but it gives you 3G and WiFi ability. Also, you can make WiFi hotspot using this device.

Storage Memory: 210 MB, expandable

CPU: 600 MHz

Camera: 3.2 MP

Price: 4,500 (Link)

Vodafone Smart VF858 (Huawei U8160)

Vodafone 858 was originally manufactured by Huawei, also knows as Huawei U8160 features the same OS as the mobile phones above with a capacitive touch of 2.8-inch. Storage memory includes 130 MB (internal) plus expandable via memory card. It does not have a front-facing camera for video calling but it does have 3G, WiFi support for faster browsing, you can also create a hotspot with this device. CPU includes a processor of 528 MHz ARM 11.

Navigation: GPS support

Power: 1200 mAh

Talktime: 4 hours (2G) | 4.5 hours (3G)

Price: 4,500 (Link)

Spice MI-280

Spice MI-280 is a dual SIM phone which features Gingerbread, that’s different from others! – And newer. Other features of this device are absolutely better than the ones I already mentioned above. It’s good if you are looking for more features at an affordable rate. You can do video calling as it has a front VGA cam. A 600 MHz processor reside inside the CPU with 256 MB of RAM.

Screen: 2.8-inch capacitive touch

Battery: 1000 mAh

Primary Camera: 5 MP without flash

Connectivity: 3G, WiFi

Price: Rs. 5,330 (Link)

Samsung Galaxy Pocket S5300

Samsung, the newly crowned best mobile seller also has a Android mobile phone in India under Rs.7,000 . This device has a capacitive display of 2.8-inches with Gingerbread OS and TouchWiz UX user interface. Including the massive 3GB internal storage you can expand it via Micro SD card. Along with WiFi, 3G, GPS, it also has a decent battery of 1200 mAh.

CPU: 832 MHz ARM 11

Sensors: Accelerometer, Compass, Proximity

RAM: 256 MB

Price: Rs. 6,790 (Link)

LG Optimus Me P350

Display: 2.8-inch capacitive

OS: Android v2.2 (Froyo)

Battery: 1280 mAh Lithium-ion

Processor: 600 MHz ARM 11

GPU: Adreno 200

RAM: 140 MB

Camera: 3.2 MP

Price: Rs. 6,999 (Link)

Micromax A73

OS: Android v2.3 Gingerbread

Display: 3.5-inch capacitive touch

Connectivity: GPRS/EDGE, 3G, WiFi

Camera: 2 MP primary | VGA front

Processor: 650 MHz

Power: 1300 mAh Li-ion

Price: Rs. 7,120 (Link)

Samsung Galaxy Y S5360

Display: 3.0-inch capacitive

User Interface: v2.3 Gingerbread with TouchWiz

RAM: 290 MB

Internet Connectivity: GPRS/EDGE, 3G, WiFi

Processor: 832 MHz ARMv6

Power: 1200 mAh

Price: Rs. 7,490 (Link)

Suggestion:

If you plan to use multiple or heavy apps on your device: Buy the one which has a decent processor and RAM.
Need smooth touch experience: Choose the one with capacitive screen.

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Google SMS Search

2012-07-17T23:28:00.001+05:30

Google offers powerful services and web applications free for both personal & commercial use. These services includes Google Search, Gmail, Google +, Blogger, Feedburner etc. All these services require an internet connection.

But what if you don't have an internet connection and you are in a situations like:

Power cut during a cricket match ?
New city, late night and you are out of cash with an upset tummy. Need to find an ATM, a doctor and a taxi service ?
Standing in long queues at the railway reservation enquiry counter simply to confirm your seat or find the train information ?

If you've been through any of above. Then we have some thing for you - Google SMS Search, which lets you find answers to these specific problems and a lot more questions on the go.

Most of the mobile operators provide there own menus for some of these problem. But to access those you need to remember complicated set of prefixes and they are with high premium charges associated with short code services.

Understanding these problems, the SMS team at Google has come up with Google SMS Search. Now send all your queries to 9-77-33-00000 without paying any premium charges !

You can learn about the interesting features and try interactive demo at: Google SMS.

Launched nationally, this service is available across all operators on both GSM and CDMA mobile phones. Give a try. Send a SMS "help" to 9773300000.

Content: Google India

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Fedora 17

2012-07-08T17:47:00.000+05:30

The Latest version of most popular Red Hat sponsored Linux distro is "Fedora 17". The goal of The Fedora Project is to work with the Linux community to build a complete, general purpose operating system exclusively from free software. It includes support for hardware-accelerated 2D graphics, encryption and hardware cursor. Normal users and system administrators can enjoy several new features included in this Linux Distro.

Things which got changed in Fedora 17 from 16 are:

--------------------------------------------------------------

Fedora login screen has a new background image but everything else still looks the same. This is not surprising. It has been only 6 months since the last release. The real changes are under the hood and in the applications that come with Fedora.

Most noticable a new version of the Gnome desktop environment, the Gimp image editor with its long awaited single window mode & the LibreOffice word processor.

There are also some new applications included, e.g. Gnome Documents to manage your local documents as well as documents stored online at Google or Dropbox.

The filesystem layout has changed which can cause troubles upgrading from previous versions & for custom written scripts but will not be noticeable by most users.

There is a new virtualization front end called Boxes but still most users will prefer to use VirtualBox which is also easy to use and has support for 3D acceleration.

Fedora 17 seems to boot a bit quicker, the desktop feels a bit faster and menus are more responsive. It comes with Linux Kernel 3.4 which includes support for new hardware and enables power saving features for Intel’s Sandy-Bridge chips. Many small improvements come with the new 3.4 version of Gnome.

Key Features of Fedora 17

-------------------------------

Software rendering for GNOME Shell
Boost 1.48
Mozilla Firefox 12
PHP 5.4
GIMP 2.8
Improved NetworkManager
Support for the D2 programming language
Improved and extended Power Management
Updated Eclipse to Juno
Support for Lohit Unicode 6.0
DRI2 3D drivers
OpenJDK 7 as the default Java Runtime Environment
Support for Automatic Seat and ConsoleKit removal
Added Thermostat
SSSD-Sudo integration
SSSD AutoFS integration
KDE Plasma dependency generation
Updated Cluster Stack to support Enhanced Failover
Sugar 0.96
Static analysis of Python reference counts
Revamped LiveCD installation

If you are interested to know more about the features of fedora 17, Just download it. :)

Visit the link to download different editions of Fedora 17: Click Here

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Photoshop CS5

2012-06-29T09:19:00.001+05:30

Photoshop is the leading digital image editing application for the Internet, print, and other new media disciplines. It is embraced by millions of graphic artists, print designers, visual communicators, and regular people like you. It's likely that nearly every picture you've seen (such as posters, book covers, magazine pictures, and brochures) has either been created or edited by Photoshop.

We all know that there are several way to use a full version of a software. (Patch or Cracks). But the most easy & safe way to use a full version of any software is to use a serial key for it. (Ahhh.. Who knows, may be the cracks or patch EXE files carries a virus or backdoor with it.)

The price of Photoshop CS5 is around US $999 which is pretty expensive :( . So today we will be explaining you. How you can use a full version of Photoshop CS5 with serial key provide in this post.

First of all you need to install CS5 into your system. If you don't have. Go and download one. Click Here

Once installation is finished. You need to set host file in your system to direct all the request to your own system rather then going to adobe server. Adobe server tell the software whether your key is genuine or not.

To do so, follow these steps:

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Step 1: Go to "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\" folder.

Step 2: open the "Host" file in it, using notepad or your favorite text editor.

Step 2: Add this line at the end of file content “127.0.0.1 activate.adobe.com” with no quotes. Now save the host file. (what it does is that, It direct all your TCP request for activate.adobe.com to your own system. 127.0.0.1 is a loop back ip to your own system, its default)

Now run CS5. When you run it for the first time. It will ask you for the serial key, use any one from the list of key provided. Click Here

Done...

Now you can enjoy full version of Photoshop CS5 without any problem. :D

Information provided by:

Rocky Allias Abdul

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Hotspot with Connectify

2012-06-24T11:30:00.001+05:30

We all use are network to share files & internet connection with other on the same network. When it comes to wireless technology its easy to share services. But it always a bit complicated to configure a wireless networks, as it indulges security risks (i.e privacy of your data).

You must have heard about "Hotspot". A hotspot is a site that offers Internet access over a wireless local area network through the use of a router connected to a link to an Internet service provider. Hotspots typically use Wi-Fi technology. Hotspots may be found in coffee shops and various other public establishments throughout much of the developed world.

Now to create a hotspot you require a wireless router to share the services on the network. but if you are planning to share a service in your home or in your college. You dont require to purchase a wireless router. If you have a laptop or a desktop with wifi card installed on it. you can use then to share the services with other over the network created by you. You can also create a AdHoc network to share services. but the only problem with AdHoc network is it will create a connection between desktops and laptops. you can't find that network on you mobile phones.. :P

If you have ever faced such problem. Here is the solution for you "Connectify." It is a software which helps you to create a wireless network with only some clicks and there is no need to worry about the IP configuration. It does all for you.

Using this software you will be able to create a network. which can be found on you mobile phones to... :)

Download Connectify: Click Here

Steps to configure Connectify:

-------------------------------------

Step 1. Download and Install the software and reboot your system.

Step 2. Run the Software, If you haven't purchased it click on try.

Step 3. Provide a name for your wifi AP in Hotspot name field. (If you are using a trial version: name will always starts with "Connecify")

Step 4. Create a Password for your wireless network. Its always important to secure your network with a key to avoid security risks.

Step 5. In Internet to share option select your internet card through which your system is connected to internet. If you don't know that select automatic.

Step 6. Under the advance option "Share Over" select the network card through which you want to share you services.

Step 7. Select Sharing mode. It depends on the password you have given. WPA2 is only applicable in Windows 7 version. If you are using Xp or Vista you need to go with WEP or AdHoc security type. If you are using windows 7. Its recommended to use WPA2 as it provide higher security to your network then WEP. (If you are running windows 7. You can use you Wifi card in both step 5 and 6)

Step 8. Click on Start Hotspot.

Now you can scan the wifi AP around you. you will find one which you hav created. Connect to it and enjoy.

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Top Android Launchers

2012-06-18T14:57:00.000+05:30

Unlike other major mobile phone platforms, Android can be customized the way you want. If you are thinking about Customizing Android, Launchers are a good place to start. There are quite a number of 3rd party Android Launcher apps, both free & paid, available in the Android Market.

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LauncherPro is my favorite third party Launcher app for Android. It is one of those Launchers that just works on all kinds of devices. Its simple, lightweight & really fast.

Install Launcher Pro for Android from Google Play Store

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SPB Shell 3D is perhaps the most flamboyant and eyecandy Launcher available in the Android Market. Coupled with some stunning widgets and colors, SPB Shell 3D is a real show stopper. Please read reviews before buying SPB Shell 3D, this may or may not work in your device.

Install SPB Shell 3D for Android from Google Play Store

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GO Launcher EX is another really good 3rd party Launcher app for Android. Unlike Launcher Pro, GO Launcher EX has tons of themes and awesome widgets to play around. GO Store widget lets you easily browse through available themes and widgets made exclusively for GO Launcher EX. GO Launcher EX occasionally cause overheating in some of the devices.

Install GO Launcher EX for Android from Google Play Store

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ADWLauncher EX is a highly rated Android Launcher application. ADWLauncher EX has many similarities with GO Launcher EX, except that ADWLauncher EX is non-free (Rs 161.20). if you want to have a trial before buying it there is a free stripped down version of ADW Launcher.

Install ADWLauncher EX for Android from Google Play Store

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MXHome Launcher was a very recent find. MXHome is a launcher application that is specialized in 3D effects on its 'Theme page' It provides totally different experiences by highlights from 3D effects and creative ideas.

Install MXHome Launcher for Android from Google Play Store

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TSF Shell 3D is unlike any other Android Launcher we have discussed here so far. The launcher works, even if it takes time to get used to. TSF Shell 3D is radically different in its approach and looks really pretty too. But it is pricey, Rs.932.26 INR.

Install TSF Shell 3D Launcher for Android from Google Play Store

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Carefully read the user reviews as well as notes by respective developers before installing above launchers in you Android.

Content of Android Market: Play

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What's New in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

2012-06-13T22:19:00.000+05:30

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS "Precise Pangolin" was finally released few weeks ago & it one of the best Ubuntu releases ever. With new release of Ubuntu, it's time for a brief round-up. Here is a quick tour through all new feature that was added to latest Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

Unity Keyboard Shortcuts should be familiar to you all by now. When in doubt, press and hold the Super key and you will find all the shortcuts you need right in front of you.

Landscape is now integrated into Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

Unity Dash now has a brand new Video lens.

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS features a new easily configurable Privacy menu in System Settings.

The old Home lens has been replaced by a new useful and less eyecandy lens which displays recently used applications, files and most recent downloads.

Home menu quicklist is another really useful addition.

Unity Dash has quicklists support.

The new default collection of wallpapers is just brilliant.

HUD is default now. HUD haven't yet replaced menus in Ubuntu 12.04.

Launcher icon size can now be modified directly from Appearance window.

Auto-hide Launcher option is now available (instead of Dodge Windows) which you can on/off directly from Appearance window.

Rhythmbox music player is the default now.

A number of essential Unity settings have now been integrated into System Settings GNOME Control Center.

Revamped Ubuntu One UI.

Unity dash & Launcher inherits the color of current wallpaper. Unity Dash adds a beautiful blur effect.

Power menu settings has been totally revamped.

Proper multi-monitor support added. You can access it through System Setting - Displays.

Minor improvements to Sound Settings. Access directly from Sound Menu in the top panel as well as System Settings.

If you want to download Ubuntu Click Here. Thanks for Reading.

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The content is taken from: TD

Android Live Wallpapers

2012-06-10T08:55:00.001+05:30

Android is growing at a very rapid rate and so is the interest for Android platform among application developers. Today we are with some really good Live wallpaper apps for Android.
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Koi Live Wallpaper is easily one of the most eyecandy Android application. Koi Live Wallpaper features colorful fishes and interactive water. Everything is 3D rendered in OpenGL 2.0, with fully interactive water that supports multitouch. And don't worry, Koi Live Wallpaper is not much of a resource hog, won't drain your battery. To unlock full set of features, you have to upgrade to the paid version of Koi Live Wallpaper.

Version: 1.35
Size: 3.07M
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=fishnoodle.koipond_free

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Galactic Core is a stunning live wallpaper featuring a rotating spiral galaxy. The perspective shifts as you touch the screen. Rendered in OpenGL, and fully supporting both portrait and landscape views, and both phones and tablets. Although developed by the same people behind Koi Live Wallpaper, Galactic Core can be quite heavy on your battery.

Version: 2.15
Size: 1.2M
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=fishnoodle.spacescapewallpaper_free

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Sakura Falling Live Wallpaper features beautiful sakura flower falling with wind. It is the first live wallpaper from Go Wallpaper Dev Team.

Version: 1.1
Size: 530K
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=com.reactor.livewallpaper.fallingsakura

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City Light Show Live Wallpaper is not simply a wallpaper application, it is a live wallpaper instead. This live wallpaper is time-lapse night photography taken in Hong Kong for a beautiful and exciting light show. The picture is lovely and the live wallpaper offers a lot of interesting customization features that make your wallpaper outstanding.

Version: 1.0.15
Size: 5.4M
Download: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.marieluke.habourlight.free

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Wallpapers HD application for Android features a number of really good HD quality wallpapers. It has got pretty neat interface with category support.

Version: 1.4.5
Size: 426K
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=com.incredibleapp.wallpapershd

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Underwater Wallpapers consists an abundance of 115 fantastic photos of underwater sea-life, colorful fish, coral, mammals, jellyfish and more unique images for your Android device.

Version: 2.0
Size: 16M
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=com.dreamtree.underwaterwallpapers

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Backgrounds HD Wallpapers has a huge cache of more than 10,000 Wallpapers with new ones added almost daily. Interface is clean and uncluttered and has categories support.

Version: 2.0.1
Size: 144K
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=com.stylem.wallpapers

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Day of Ubuntu was not included in the original list, but definitely worth mentioning. Day of Ubuntu is a very simple live wallpaper which has got transitions based off of time of day. It's basically a live wallpaper version of the 'Day Of Ubuntu' Gnome background. Credit goes to the user who recommended it in the comments below.

Version: 1.3
Size: 1.0M
Download: https://market.android.com/details?id=com.kllrnohj.day_of_ubuntu

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Best Matrix Live Wallpaper has one of the most realistic Matrix character raining effect. Though recent permission changes have created quite a furore among its loyal user base.

Version: 2.5.3
Size: 176K
Download: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=matrixlivewallpaper&feature

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If the above recommendations are not good enough for you, don’t worry, you can create your own wallpaper slideshow using this application. Wallpaper Slideshow enables custom photos to be used as wallpaper. I hope that in the next version, the duration of displaying the photo can be shorten, and transition effect of the photo should be added.

Version: 2.0.3
Size: 150K
Download: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.birbeck.wallpaperslideshow

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Content of Android Market: Play

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An A-Z Bash command for Linux.

2012-06-09T17:54:00.000+05:30

  alias    Create an alias •
  apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
  apt-get  Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
  aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
  aspell   Spell Checker
  awk      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
B
  basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames
  bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell 
  bc       Arbitrary precision calculator language 
  bg       Send to background
  break    Exit from a loop •
  builtin  Run a shell builtin
  bzip2    Compress or decompress named file(s)
C
  cal      Display a calendar
  case     Conditionally perform a command
  cat      Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
  cd       Change Directory
  cfdisk   Partition table manipulator for Linux
  chgrp    Change group ownership
  chmod    Change access permissions
  chown    Change file owner and group
  chroot   Run a command with a different root directory
  chkconfig System services (runlevel)
  cksum    Print CRC checksum and byte counts
  clear    Clear terminal screen
  cmp      Compare two files
  comm     Compare two sorted files line by line
  command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
  continue Resume the next iteration of a loop •
  cp       Copy one or more files to another location
  cron     Daemon to execute scheduled commands
  crontab  Schedule a command to run at a later time
  csplit   Split a file into context-determined pieces
  cut      Divide a file into several parts


D
  date     Display or change the date & time
  dc       Desk Calculator
  dd       Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
  ddrescue Data recovery tool
  declare  Declare variables and give them attributes •
  df       Display free disk space
  diff     Display the differences between two files
  diff3    Show differences among three files
  dig      DNS lookup
  dir      Briefly list directory contents
  dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
  dirname  Convert a full pathname to just a path
  dirs     Display list of remembered directories
  dmesg    Print kernel & driver messages 
  du       Estimate file space usage
E
  echo     Display message on screen •
  egrep    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
  eject    Eject removable media
  enable   Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
  env      Environment variables
  ethtool  Ethernet card settings
  eval     Evaluate several commands/arguments
  exec     Execute a command
  exit     Exit the shell
  expect   Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
  expand   Convert tabs to spaces
  export   Set an environment variable
  expr     Evaluate expressions
F
  false    Do nothing, unsuccessfully
  fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
  fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux
  fg       Send job to foreground 
  fgrep    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
  file     Determine file type
  find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
  fmt      Reformat paragraph text
  fold     Wrap text to fit a specified width.
  for      Expand words, and execute commands
  format   Format disks or tapes
  free     Display memory usage
  fsck     File system consistency check and repair
  ftp      File Transfer Protocol
  function Define Function Macros
  fuser    Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
G
  gawk     Find and Replace text within file(s)
  getopts  Parse positional parameters
  grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
  groupadd Add a user security group
  groupdel Delete a group
  groupmod Modify a group
  groups   Print group names a user is in
  gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)




H
  hash     Remember the full pathname of a name argument
  head     Output the first part of file(s)
  help     Display help for a built-in command •
  history  Command History
  hostname Print or set system name
I
  iconv    Convert the character set of a file
  id       Print user and group id's
  if       Conditionally perform a command
  ifconfig Configure a network interface
  ifdown   Stop a network interface 
  ifup     Start a network interface up
  import   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
  install  Copy files and set attributes
J
  jobs     List active jobs •
  join     Join lines on a common field
K
  kill     Stop a process from running
  killall  Kill processes by name
L
  less     Display output one screen at a time
  let      Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
  ln       Make links between files
  local    Create variables •
  locate   Find files
  logname  Print current login name
  logout   Exit a login shell •
  look     Display lines beginning with a given string
  lpc      Line printer control program
  lpr      Off line print
  lprint   Print a file
  lprintd  Abort a print job
  lprintq  List the print queue
  lprm     Remove jobs from the print queue
  ls       List information about file(s)
  lsof     List open files
M
  make     Recompile a group of programs
  man      Help manual
  mkdir    Create new folder(s)
  mkfifo   Make FIFOs (named pipes)
  mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
  mknod    Make block or character special files
  more     Display output one screen at a time
  mount    Mount a file system
  mtools   Manipulate MS-DOS files
  mtr      Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
  mv       Move or rename files or directories
  mmv      Mass Move and rename (files)
N
  netstat  Networking information
  nice     Set the priority of a command or job
  nl       Number lines and write files
  nohup    Run a command immune to hangups
  notify-send  Send desktop notifications
  nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
O
  open     Open a file in its default application
  op       Operator access 
P
  passwd   Modify a user password
  paste    Merge lines of files
  pathchk  Check file name portability
  ping     Test a network connection
  pkill    Stop processes from running
  popd     Restore the previous value of the current directory
  pr       Prepare files for printing
  printcap Printer capability database
  printenv Print environment variables
  printf   Format and print data •
  ps       Process status
  pushd    Save and then change the current directory
  pwd      Print Working Directory
Q
  quota    Display disk usage and limits
  quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
  quotactl Set disk quotas
R
  ram      ram disk device
  rcp      Copy files between two machines
  read     Read a line from standard input •
  readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
  readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
  reboot   Reboot the system
  rename   Rename files
  renice   Alter priority of running processes 
  remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
  return   Exit a shell function
  rev      Reverse lines of a file
  rm       Remove files
  rmdir    Remove folder(s)
  rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)




S
  screen   Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
  scp      Secure copy (remote file copy)
  sdiff    Merge two files interactively
  sed      Stream Editor
  select   Accept keyboard input
  seq      Print numeric sequences
  set      Manipulate shell variables and functions
  sftp     Secure File Transfer Program
  shift    Shift positional parameters
  shopt    Shell Options
  shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
  sleep    Delay for a specified time
  slocate  Find files
  sort     Sort text files
  source   Run commands from a file `.'
  split    Split a file into fixed-size pieces
  ssh      Secure Shell client (remote login program)
  strace   Trace system calls and signals
  su       Substitute user identity
  sudo     Execute a command as another user
  sum      Print a checksum for a file
  suspend  Suspend execution of this shell •
  symlink  Make a new name for a file
  sync     Synchronize data on disk with memory
T
  tail     Output the last part of file
  tar      Tape ARchiver
  tee      Redirect output to multiple files
  test     Evaluate a conditional expression
  time     Measure Program running time
  times    User and system times
  touch    Change file timestamps
  top      List processes running on the system
  traceroute Trace Route to Host
  trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
  tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
  true     Do nothing, successfully
  tsort    Topological sort
  tty      Print filename of terminal on stdin
  type     Describe a command •
U
  ulimit   Limit user resources •
  umask    Users file creation mask
  umount   Unmount a device
  unalias  Remove an alias •
  uname    Print system information
  unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
  uniq     Uniquify files
  units    Convert units from one scale to another
  unset    Remove variable or function names
  unshar   Unpack shell archive scripts
  until    Execute commands (until error)
  uptime   Show uptime
  useradd  Create new user account
  userdel  Delete a user account
  usermod  Modify user account
  users    List users currently logged in
  uuencode Encode a binary file 
  uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
V
  v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
  vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
  vi       Text Editor
  vmstat   Report virtual memory statistics
W
  wait     Wait for a process to complete •
  watch    Execute/display a program periodically
  wc       Print byte, word, and line counts
  whereis  Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a           program
  which    Search the user's $path for a program file
  while    Execute commands
  who      Print all usernames currently logged in
  whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
  wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
  write    Send a message to another user 
X
  xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
  xdg-open Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
  yes      Print a string until interrupted
  .        Run a command script in the current shell
  !!       Run the last command again
  ###      Comment / Remark

Commands marked • are bash built-ins, these are available under all shells.

The content is taken from: SS64

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Ubuntu 12.04

2012-06-05T20:21:00.000+05:30

Super-fast, easy to use and free, the Ubuntu operating system powers millions of desktops, netbooks and servers around the world. Ubuntu does everything you need it to. It'll work with your existing PC files, printers, cameras and MP3 players. And it comes with thousands of free apps.

How does it compare to my system?

With Ubuntu, you can do everything you can do with other operating systems. But faster. And for free!

The launcher

Get easy access to your favourite tools and applications with our lovely new launcher. You can hide and reveal it, add and remove apps and keep track of your open windows.

The dash

Our new dash offers a great way to get to your shortcuts and search for more apps and programs. So you can get fast access to your email, music, pictures and much more.

Workspaces

Our handy workspaces tool gives you a really easy way to view and move between multiple windows and applications.

Secure

You can surf in safety with Ubuntu – confident that your files and data will stay protected. A built-in firewall and virus protection come as standard. And if a potential threat appears, we provide automatic updates which you can install in a single click. You get added security with AppArmor, which protects your important applications so attackers can’t access your system. And thanks to Firefox and gnome-keyring, Ubuntu helps you keep your private information private. So whether it’s accessing your bank account or sharing sensitive data with friends or colleagues, you’ll have peace of mind when you need it the most.

Download Ubuntu 32Bit: Click Here

Download Ubuntu 64Bit: Click Here

Source: Ubuntu

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Windows 8 Release Preview

2012-06-03T09:22:00.000+05:30

Recently, Microsoft announced the Release Preview of its Next Generation Windows (Windows 8). Now at its initial stage this preview is available in 14 different languages only. Windows 8 contain a Complete new User Interface (The New Complete Touch Interface) . The new UI of Windows 8 responds very well to the Touch devices which will give a fast, fluid and no-compromise experience to Users.

Since, February the release Preview of Windows 8 was download more then 1+ million around the world within first 24 hours & with this release It enters in its final phase of development before it releases to manufactures.

Integration of new Apps and Appstore:
------------------------------------------------

Windows 8 Release Preview will deliver new apps from Microsoft & partners. These include Bing Travel, News and Sports apps, it will also include Gaming and Music Xbox apps.

The new Internet Explorer is also integrated in Windows 8 which redefines browsing, specially for touch-enabled devices.

Requirments:

-----------------

The minimum requirements to install Windows 8 are:

Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64)
RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit)
HDD: 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
Graphics Card: DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver

There are also additional requirements for using using Snap, Touch Based and Metro style Apps and:

Taking advantage of touch input requires a screen that supports multi-touch
To snap apps, you need a screen resolution of minimum 1366x768
To run Metro style Apps, you need a screen resolution of 1024x768 or Greater

Download Windows 8 Release Preview

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Essential Windows Keyboard Shortcut

2012-06-03T00:38:00.000+05:30

Windows is great, Don’t get me Wrong. But if you are using your mouse to do all of your common tasks then you probably aren’t being as productive as you could be. By using keyboard shortcuts to do some of your common tasks you can increase your productivity greatly, as your hands don’t have to leave the keyboard as often.

Today I’m going to share with you guys Windows keyboard shortcuts. Who knows? Maybe you’ll find something in here that you’ll like too !

General keyboard shortcuts

CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager)

Dialog box keyboard shortcuts

CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts

Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility keyboard shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)

Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts

END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Remote desktop connection navigation

CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation

CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)

For More information on keyboard shortcut visit Microsoft support website.

The content is taken from: Microsoft Support

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An A-Z Windows CMD commands

2012-05-30T19:46:00.000+05:30

   ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
   ADmodcmd Active Directory Bulk Modify
   ARP      Address Resolution Protocol
   ASSOC    Change file extension associations•
   ASSOCIAT One step file association
   ATTRIB   Change file attributes
B
   BCDBOOT  Create or repair a system partition
   BITSADMIN Background Intelligent Transfer Service
   BOOTCFG  Edit Windows boot settings
   BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
C
   CACLS    Change file permissions
   CALL     Call one batch program from another•
   CD       Change Directory - move to a specific Folder•
   CHANGE   Change Terminal Server Session properties
   CHKDSK   Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
   CHKNTFS  Check the NTFS file system
   CHOICE   Accept keyboard input to a batch file
   CIPHER   Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
   CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
   CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
   CLIP     Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard
   CLS      Clear the screen•
   CLUSTER  Windows Clustering
   CMD      Start a new CMD shell
   CMDKEY   Manage stored usernames/passwords
   COLOR    Change colors of the CMD window•
   COMP     Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
   COMPACT  Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
   COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
   CON2PRT  Connect or disconnect a Printer
   CONVERT  Convert a FAT drive to NTFS
   COPY     Copy one or more files to another location•
   CSCcmd   Client-side caching (Offline Files)
   CSVDE    Import or Export Active Directory data 


D
   DATE     Display or set the date•
   DEFRAG   Defragment hard drive
   DEL      Delete one or more files•
   DELPROF  Delete user profiles
   DELTREE  Delete a folder and all subfolders
   DevCon   Device Manager Command Line Utility 
   DIR      Display a list of files and folders•
   DIRUSE   Display disk usage
   DISKPART Disk Administration
   DISKSHADOW Volume Shadow Copy Service
   DNSSTAT  DNS Statistics
   DOSKEY   Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
   DriverQuery Display installed device drivers
   DSACLs   Active Directory ACLs
   DSAdd    Add items to active directory(user group computer) 
   DSGet    View items in active directory(user group computer)
   DSQuery  Search for items in active directory(user group comptr)
   DSMod    Modify items in active directory(user group computer)
   DSMove   Move an Active directory Object
   DSRM     Remove items from Active Directory
E
   ECHO     Display message on screen•
   ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file•
   ERASE    Delete one or more files•
   EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log
   EXIT     Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel•
   EXPAND   Uncompress files
   EXTRACT  Uncompress CAB files
F
   FC       Compare two files
   FIND     Search for a text string in a file
   FINDSTR  Search for strings in files
   FOR /F   Loop command: against a set of files•
   FOR /F   Loop command: against the results of another command•
   FOR      Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List•
   FORFILES Batch process multiple files
   FORMAT   Format a disk
   FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
   FSUTIL   File and Volume utilities
   FTP      File Transfer Protocol
   FTYPE    File extension file type associations•
G
   GETMAC   Display the Media Access Control (MAC) address
   GLOBAL   Display membership of global groups
   GOTO     Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line•
   GPRESULT Display Resultant Set of Policy information
   GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings
H
   HELP     Online Help
I
   iCACLS   Change file and folder permissions
   IF       Conditionally perform a command•
   IFMEMBER Is the current user a member of a Workgroup
   IPCONFIG Configure IP
K
   KILL     Remove a program from memory
L
   LABEL    Edit a disk label
   LOCAL    Display membership of local groups
   LOGEVENT Write text to the event viewer
   LOGMAN   Manage Performance Monitor
   LOGOFF   Log a user off
   LOGTIME  Log the date and time in a file
M
   MAPISEND Send email from the command line
   MBSAcli  Baseline Security Analyzer
   MEM      Display memory usage
   MD       Create new folders•
   MKLINK   Create a symbolic link (linkd)
   MODE     Configure a system device
   MORE     Display output, one screen at a time
   MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
   MOVE     Move files from one folder to another•
   MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
   MSG      Send a message
   MSIEXEC  Microsoft Windows Installer
   MSINFO32 System Information
   MSTSC    Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
   MV       Copy in-use files
N
   NET      Manage network resources
   NETDOM   Domain Manager
   NETSH    Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote             access

   NETSVC   Command-line Service Controller
   NBTSTAT  Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
   NETSTAT  Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
   NOW      Display the current Date and Time 
   NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
   NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
   NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
O
   OPENFILES Query or display open files
P
   PATH     Display or set a search path for executable files•
   PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
   PAUSE    Suspend processing of a batch file & display a message•
   PERMS    Show permissions for a user
   PERFMON  Performance Monitor
   PING     Test a network connection
   POPD     Return to a previous directory saved by PUSHD•
   PORTQRY  Display the status of ports and services
   POWERCFG Configure power settings
   PRINT    Print a text file
   PRINTBRM Print queue Backup/Recovery
   PRNCNFG  Display, configure or rename a printer
   PRNMNGR  Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
   PROMPT   Change the command prompt•
   PsExec     Execute process remotely
   PsFile     Show files opened remotely
   PsGetSid   Display the SID of a computer or a user
   PsInfo     List information about a system
   PsKill     Kill processes by name or process ID
   PsList     List detailed information about processes
   PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
   PsLogList  Event log records
   PsPasswd   Change account password
   PsService  View and control services
   PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
   PsSuspend  Suspend processes
   PUSHD    Save and then change the current directory•


Q
   QGREP    Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
   Query Process    Display processes (TS/Remote Desktop)
   Query Session    Display all sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
   Query TermServer List all servers (TS/Remote Desktop)
   Query User       Display user sessions (TS/Remote Desktop)
R
   RASDIAL  Manage RAS connections
   RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
   RECOVER  Recover a damaged file from a defective disk
   REG      Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values
   REGEDIT  Import or export registry settings
   REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
   REGINI   Change Registry Permissions
   REM      Record comments (remarks) in a batch file•
   REN      Rename a file or files•
   REPLACE  Replace or update one file with another
   Reset Session  Delete a Remote Desktop Session
   RD       Delete folder(s)•
   RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
   ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
   ROUTE    Manipulate network routing tables
   RUN      Start | RUN commands
   RUNAS    Execute a program under a different user account
   RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

S
   SC       Service Control
   SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time
   SCLIST   Display Services
   SET      Display, set, or remove session environment variables•
   SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables•
   SETX     Set environment variables
   SFC      System File Checker 
   SHARE    List or edit a file share or print share
   SHIFT    Shift the position of batch file parameters•
   SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
   SHOWGRPS List the Workgroups a user has joined
   SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
   SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
   SLEEP    Wait for x seconds
   SLMGR    Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)
   SOON     Schedule a command to run in the near future
   SORT     Sort input
   START    Start a program, command or batch file•
   SU       Switch User
   SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
   SUBST    Associate a path with a drive letter
   SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
T
   TAKEOWN  Take ownership of a file
   TASKLIST List running applications and services
   TASKKILL Remove a running process from memory
   TIME     Display or set the system time•
   TIMEOUT  Delay processing of a batch file
   TITLE    Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session•
   TLIST    Task list with full path
   TOUCH    Change file timestamps    
   TRACERT  Trace route to a remote host
   TREE     Graphical display of folder structure
   TSSHUTDN Remotely shut down or reboot a terminal server
   TYPE     Display the contents of a text file•
   TypePerf Write performance data to a log file
U
   USRSTAT  List domain usernames and last login
V
   VER      Display version information•
   VERIFY   Verify that files have been saved•
   VOL      Display a disk label•




W
   WAITFOR  Wait for or send a signal
   WHERE    Locate and display files in a directory tree
   WHOAMI   Output the current UserName and domain
   WINDIFF  Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
   WINMSDP  Windows system report
   WINRM    Windows Remote Management
   WINRS    Windows Remote Shell
   WMIC     WMI Commands
   WUAUCLT  Windows Update
X
   XCACLS   Change file and folder permissions
   XCOPY    Copy files and folders
   ::       Comment / Remark•

Commands marked • are Internal commands only available within the CMD shell.

All other commands (not marked with •) are external commands.

External commands may be used under the CMD shell, PowerShell, or directly from START -> RUN.

The content is taken from: SS64

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How does it compare to my system?

With Ubuntu, you can do everything you can do with other operating systems. But faster. And for free!

Get easy access to your favourite tools and applications with our lovely new launcher. You can hide and reveal it, add and remove apps and keep track of your open windows.

Our new dash offers a great way to get to your shortcuts and search for more apps and programs. So you can get fast access to your email, music, pictures and much more.

Our handy workspaces tool gives you a really easy way to view and move between multiple windows and applications.

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Essential Windows Keyboard Shortcut

General keyboard shortcuts

Dialog box keyboard shortcuts

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Accessibility keyboard shortcuts

Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts

Remote desktop connection navigation

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An A-Z Windows CMD commands

Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts