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Vastu for Dinning Room

2010-03-06T06:52:00.000-08:00

Dinning table
Oval shaped dining table are cause of all the quarrels in the house . So the dinning table can be square or rectangular . One should not place a dinning table under a beam .The gravity of beam in this position will lead to many diseases especially stomach disorders .

Precaution on the dinning table
Wile sitting on the dinning table the head of the family should always face the east direction , the children north facing but none should sit south facing .

Wash basin in the dinning
Wash basin can be ideally located in the north- east , this also is true for all the hotels , restaurants and other too

Fridge
The fridge can be placed in north-west of the dinning .

Regards,
Srikant Rawas

This Article is Taken from MHO

Vastu For Bedroom

2010-03-06T06:50:00.000-08:00

Location for bedroom
Bedroom is the rest room , which relieves the resident of full day fatigue and tensions . But it has come to my experience that in spite of all the comforts and luxury in the bedroom , one can not find peace or relaxation only if the bedroom is located in wrong direction .

Bedroom for seniors

Master bed room should always be in south-west . All the members can take deep sleep , only by sleeping in a posture so that head is in south and feet towards north or head in east or west . But one should never sleep in north - south .

Bedroom for young girl
A south east corner is best location for the bed room of a young girl .

Bedroom for a young boy
East and east-north direction are more suitable for the bed room for a young boy , children should always sleep with head towards west and feet in the east .

Posture for the couple
Couple should sleep in such a way that the lady partner always in the left side of the male ,that is wife in south-east and husband in south west . There should be no beam or any hanging over the bed of any one .

Guest bedroom
If guest are accommodated in north west of the house , they will fell quite comfortable and cheerful but will not stay for a long time with you .

Telephone and television in bedroom
South east corner is the ideal place for the telephone and television in the house .

HEAD-LOCATION

South very good will give sound sleep.wealth &prosperity are additional gains.

East equally good increase in talent &academic proficiency of children,can give prosperity too.

South-East good sleep will be sound ,wealth will increase.

South -West good enjoy good family life and good sleep

West good Aged people enjoy mental Peace in this position.

North normal to avoid mental tension change to more favorable South or West.

North -east not good lack of sleep and other problems

North-West not good restless night will be gifted.

Regards,
Srikant Rawas

This Article is Taken from MHO

Vastu For Bathroom & Toilets

2010-03-06T06:46:00.000-08:00

Vastu For Bathroom & Toilets

Bathroom and toilets

One of the most important part of the residence is bathroom and toilet . These should be built strictly according to vastu principals and should be very neat and clean . Position of water taps , geyser's , water outlets are very important factors

Location for bathroom

An ideal bathroom -toilet is located in south or west of the house . One should always face north or west while using the toilets . It is much more important that there should be no bathroom or toilet in the east or north side of the residence .While taking bath it is good if you face east but never sit facing south while taking bath

Effect of wrongly designed bathroom

If there is a bath room in the east or north of the establishment , it will lead to a dangerous quarrels or even death of a young one .

Water and fitting

East-north or west wall of bath room is ideal direction for water fittings but not at all in south wall of the residence .

Geyser fitting

South , East or West are respectively good for geyser fitting but it is not desirable to fit a geyser in the north direction .

Regards,
Srikant Rawas

This Article is Taken from MHO

Vastu Tips for Home / Flat

2010-03-06T06:43:00.000-08:00

The architecture of our homes can damage our health, the air we breathe and the water we drink, without our even being aware of it. We all care about our homes and spend time, effort and money, trying to make them more comfortable. Similarly, at the places where we work, environmental stresses contribute to overall load, preventing us to reach our full potential. Resisting these external forces becomes more important for growth and development.
NorthWest- The room in this direction is suitable for guests and girls.
South-West- The Chief of the house should have his room in this direction.
North-East- No bedroom should be situated in this direction. In such situation there is a possibility of increase number of girls in the family.
South-East- No bedroom should be located in this direction. The children do not take interest in studies. There is no sound sleep. People have much anger. Decisions are generally taken hurriedly.
Your Prayer Room- Room for prayer and meditation is recommended to be in the north-east corner of the house. Deity or image of god should not face the south direction. Ideal positions are such that you face east or west while praying.
Bathroom - Bathroom should constructed in the West and South directions and the flow of its drains should be towards North-East.
Toilet - Toilet should be constructed mainly towards South or West. Never build toilets in the direction of eastern corner ant the face should be towards south or West while discharging stool.
Bed Room - According to vastu, the master bedrooms should be in the South-West corner of the house. If the house has more than one floor then, then it should be on the top most floor.The ceiling should be in level, this makes the energy of the room uniform, which in turn gives one a steady state of mind. Children s room should be in the north west or west side. To have a better concentration they should have a separate study close to their bedrooms.
Children`s Room - The children`s room, should be constructed in the North-West corner.
Drawing Room - It should be in North-West, South or west direction. The furniture should be kept in South and West directions. Open space should be maximum in North and East directions.
Dining Room - The dining room should be constructed in South-East. The dining room and kitchen should be on the same floor and it should be adjacent to the kitchen from the left. The entrance to the dining room and the main door should not be facing each other. The dining table should be square of rectangular in shape and should not be attached or folding against the wall.
General Room -Though, it is sparingly used; yet it should be constructed in the North-West.
Guest Room - It should be in North-West corner.
Kitchen -The kitchen must be situated in fire angle, i.e. in South-East. The face of the cook should be towards the East. The water tap in kitchen should be in the North-East direction. It is better if the stone on which food is cooked, is of red colour.
Study Room - The North-East,North-West,North,West,East corners are best for a study room. If the study room and place of worship room are adjacent then it is considered most beneficial. These directions attract the positive effects of Mercury increasing brain power, Jupiter increasing wisdom, Sun increasing ambition and Venus helps in bringing about creativity in new thoughts and ideas.
Store Room- If essential then the store room should be constructed in the southern part of the building, other wise grain and other provisions can be stored in the kitchen or in other rooms and cupboards. Things should not be stored in diwans and box beds because it effects the magnetic environment of the self and the room causing sleeping disorders.
Height of Rooms - According to vastu shastra, the rooms in the northern part of the house should be larger than the rooms in the southern side by 6-9 inches, and lower by 1-3 inches. Height of rooms should ideally be, 12- 14 feet. Doors/Windows As far as doors are concerned, the main door should be larger than the inner doors and all doors should open towards the walls. All windows should be at least 3 feet 6 above ground level, and should be at the same level from the top. Window openings should be on the northern and eastern sides of the buildings
Waste Storage- Daily wastes from the kitchen should be kept covered in the south- west corner of the kitchen.
Water-Tank- It is best to keep it in the North-West, but could be kept in West also.
Doors - The doors should be in the North and East. When someone enters, the waves emerging from the doors affect his / her mind because the magnetic waves always flow around us.

Regards :

Manoj kumar

Ins (india) Ltd

This Article is Taken from MHO

Vaastu for home

2010-03-06T06:40:00.000-08:00

Complete Vaastu recommendation for home

Kitchen

The kitchen ideally, should be towards South-East, the direction of God of Fire. Alternatively, it can located in the North West. Cook should face the East or North. All items pertaining to fire or heat should be installed in the South-East corner. The Main-switch, generators etc. should be located in the South-East corner of the house.

Treasury & Strong Room

Wealth and cash should be stored in the North. The person should face towards north when storing or retreiving cash.

Puja Room

The Puja Room should be located in the North East direction. Alternatively, it can located in the North or East direction. While worshipping, the person should face the East. Idols should not exceed 6 inches in height. One should not sleep in the Puja Room. This direction is ideal for Water storage. Thus underground water tanks, filter etc. should be kept in this direction.

Bedroom

The main bedroom should be located in the South. If the bedroom is located in the North, there would be unrest in the family. The bed should be placed in such a way that while sleeping, the head is towards the South. Alternatively, head can face towards the West. One should never sleep with legs towards the South. The inmates should not take meals in the bedroom otherwise they will suffer bad health, especially while they sit on the bed while eating. Divine idols should not be kept in the bedroom.

Jewellery, Heavy Equipment

Jewellery should be kept facing the South. It results increase in wealth. All heavy machines, equipments etc. should be kept in this part of the house. Old goods can also be stored in this direction.

Dining Hall

Dining Room should be towards the West as it is ruled by Saturn and it is in the way of Bhooteshwara, the symbolic representation of the hungry. It trees are to be planted in the premises, they can be planted in this direction i.e. the West.

Bathroom

The bathroom should ideally be located in the East. Alternatively, it can be located in the North-West. But the bathroom should never be located in the North East. Wash basin etc. should be mounted on the Eastern wall of the bathroom. Geyser should be installed in the South-East corner.

Study or Children's Room

Children's room can be located in this corner i.e. the North West. The study room can also be located in this direction. Water Tank on the Roof of the house should located in this direction. This direction is also ideal for Cattle and Granary store.

Land

The length of the land should not be more than twice the breadth. The land should not be too porous i.e. should not absorb water very fast. The slope of the land should be such that water flows towards North-East. The slope of the roof should be such that water should flow towards North or East. The house should not be constructed on the land which is a dead end.

Doors

The Main-Gate should have two panels. The main door should not open inside the house. The doors in the house should not be noisy. The total number of doors, windows and ventilators in the house should be even in number for eg. 2, 4, 6 etc. but should not end with a 0 i.e. 10, 20 etc. If the front door frame is painted black, then the owner might have to face hardship. If the door has cracks or is too old, then the owner will have a tough time gaining respect in society.

Staircase

If the steps leading to the entrance are damaged or broken, then the master of the house will face problems with his career and his expenses will soar. The staircase should ascend clockwise. The total no. of steps should be such that on division by 3, a remainder of 2 should be obtained for eg. 7, 11, 17 etc.

Interiors

Bright colours should not be used in the house. Cold and light colours should be used for painting the house. Paintings or photographs depicting war, sad faces, birds like owl, crow, pegion, erotic pictures etc. should not be used for decoration in the house.

Vastu Tips for Home / Flat

Regards :

Manoj kumar

Ins (india) Ltd

This Article is Taken from MHO

Some tips for planning your house:

2009-11-21T02:25:00.001-08:00

Some tips for planning your house:

Columns in a building should be in even numbers. Columns in the north-east corner should not be circular. When columns are exposed for architectural purposes, the number of exposed columns also should be even.
Trees are representatives of prosperity and they should be planted in the South and West directions. Margosa ( Neem ), Eucalyptus ( Nilgiri ) trees keep environment fresh. Having Holy Basil ( Tulsi ) plant near the entrance of the house is auspicious
Placement of mirrors on South and West wall are inauspicious.
Doors of each room should be facing east.
While sleeping head should be in South or West but never in North.
Pooja room should be in North East. All idols and photographs should be facing East or West. Anything underground should be in North or East.
Anything above ground should be in South or West.
Face East while cooking, West is allowed if there is no alternative, but never face South while cooking. In the kitchen, grinder, fridge, shelf and other heavy items should be towards South and West wall.
Total number of doors and windows should be in even number for each floor, but should not end in zero like 10, 20, 30.
Never put the poster of crying girl, war scene, sexy scenes, angry man, owl, eagle etc. They are inauspicious.
There should be no water body in front of any entrance door of the house.
The best place to locate a swimming pool is the North East side. It is better to build the swimming pool in a corner.
East or North direction is the best for placing main gate.
Furniture, such as sofas, should be placed in the southeast, south, or west sides of a room. The house’s owner should sit facing north or east.
It is best when a student studies that he faces north, northeast, or east. Therefore a table in a study room should be placed in the south or west sides of the room. Books should be stored in the southwest side of the room.
Clocks should be placed on the west, north, or east walls. A television can be placed in the southeast side of a room. Always sit East-West for eating food.

The principal Gods/ presiding deities of each direction are:

2009-11-21T02:24:00.003-08:00

The principal Gods/ presiding deities of each direction are:

Northeast- Eeshanya- Ruled by Mahadev Siva

Best for main entrance, Pooja / worship room, meditation room, drinking water fountain.

East- Aditya- Ruled by Sun God

Best for bathroom, verandah, balcony, exercise room, main entrance for shops / banks.

Southeast- Agni- Ruled by Lord of Fire

Best for kitchen / pantry with cooking range / platform in the south-east corner.

South- Yama- Ruled by Lord of Death

Best for steps going up towards south or mezzanine floor

http://www.isamaj.com/indinfo/vastu.htm.

Southwest- Pitru- Ruled by ancestors

Best for master bedroom, lumber, first floor extension or over head water tank.

West- Varuna- Ruled by Lord of water

Best for dining room, study room, toilets

Northwest- Vayu- ruled by Lord of Winds

Best for children bedroom or store room.

North- Kubera- Ruled by Lord of Wealth

Best for living room, strong room, porch, cellar, basement, open terrace, verandah.

Five Elements

2009-11-21T02:24:00.001-08:00

Earth:

The selection of site for building construction is very important.

Water:

The North-East direction is always auspicious and suitable for water. The flow of rain or fresh water should be towards North- East.

Fire:

The direction of Fire is South-East. The Kitchen, fireplace, geysers etc. should be placed only in this direction. Alternatively these could be placed in North-West, because it is at 180 degree to South-East.

Air:

The air should enter the building from North -East. All the openings for air entry such as doors, windows, ventilators coolers, air-conditioners, verandahs, balconies etc. should be in these directions.

Space:

Traditionally every house in India used to have an open space (Court Yard) in the center of the house. It provided the dwellers not only the open sky but also sunlight and cross-ventilation of air.

The directions of East and West are important as far as obtaining the energy from the sun is concerned. The importance of the directions of the North and the South lies in the flow of magnetic waves which flows from North Pole to South Pole.

VastuShastra

2009-11-21T02:23:00.001-08:00

Vastu means the Structure and Shastra means the Science. Vastu Shastra unifies the science, art, astronomy and astrology; it can also be said as an ancient mystic science for designing and building. The science of Vastu is based on the basic fact that man and nature, both are in equal harmony with each other and that they are composed of the same five basic elements. Both, man and the environment affect each other’s existence. Vastu’s principles establish to create a harmony between the five elements viz. Earth, Sky, Fire, Water and air in the environment.

Ancient sages of India applied their Vastu knowledge to mitigate the negative functioning of our environment and increase the positive aspects. Vastu Shastra is developed by people those who knew that our planet Earth is a globe and all planets including Earth are moving around the Sun. They also knew positions of every planet in our solar system with their speed of rotation around the Sun.

V@ASTU : SELECTION OF SITE

2009-02-11T07:15:00.000-08:00

SELECTION OF SITE
Several things need careful consideration while going in for construction of a building. The most important of all these is selecting the right plot or site. Sand and its surroundings bring peace and harmony or pains and sorrows in life. Thus it is always advisible to consult an expert on Vastu Shastra before buying a plot or purchasing a house, flat or other buildings instead of calling him in at a later stage to design the building, do supervision and other work. By the time the damage would have already been done.

FROM WHOM NOT TO BUY A PLOT
According to Vastu Shastra, a plot or site of land should not be purchased :1) From those who became insolvent2) From person suffering from leprosy3) From lunatics4) From people who have left the country, etc. Similarly, land donated to temple, alloted to watchman of village or colony, land in possession of charitable trusts, land without any title deed should not be purchased. Land containing boulders, ant hills, worm hills, bones and skeleton etc, should not be acquired.

DIRECTION OF THE PLOT
Plot facing East is good for scholars, philosphers, priests, professors, teachers etc.Plot facing North is good for those in power, administration and those who work for government.Plot facing South is good for business class and for those who work in business organisation.Plot facing West is for those who provide supporting services to the society.

ENVIRONMENT OR SURROUNDINGS OF THE PLOT
This is most important. If the sorrundings are not good, we suffer in many ways.
* Plots which are fertile with plants and greeneries are very good.* A river or big canal nearby and if it is in North side and water flows from West to East, it is good. Similarly if it is on East side of the plot with water flowing from South to North, that is also good. But plots with rivers or canal flowing on West or South side of the plot should be avoided.* Hills, hillocks, mounds of Earth, big boulders etc on the Southern, South West and Western sides of the plot is good : in other sides, it will mar the progress.* There should be no graveyard, cemetry or tomb adjacent to the plot or in front or back. * Location of temples near the plot also affect the immates. Temple on the right side of a plot cause material loss, on the left, grief and sorrow, in front, obstruction to progress and in the 100 feet apart, those disastrous result are avoided. * Similarly plot very near to Cinema-theatres, schools and colleages are to be avoided.

OBSTRUCTION IN FRONT OF MAIN GATE OF PLOT
If there are obstructions of the undernoted types before main gate of the plot, following problems will arise as per BRAHUSANHITHA.
Big Tree-obstruction to the progress of children,
Gutter or Ditch-grief,
Open well- mental problem,
Corner of another building-mental unrest,
Water drain-draining of income by unwanted expenses,
Straight street-affecting longivity of inmates,
Dilapitated house or walls-affecting prosperity,
Staircase railings-sadness,
Pillars; Electric and telephone post-affecting females.

According to VASTURAJ VALLABH and BRAHUSANHITA these are called VEDH DOSHA. But in between the plot and obstacles if there is a public road, these deficiencies are nullified.
Similarly, if the distance between the obstacles and the house is two times the height of the house, these deficiencies will have no effect. For example, if the height of the house is 11 feet and if the obstructions are more than 22 feet away, Vedh Dosha vanishes.

SORROUNDINGS OF NEIGHBOURS
The surroundings of our neighbouring houses on all sides also affect us.
Rain water falling from the roofs of neighbours should not flow into our plot particularly from North or East direaction.
The affluent of neighbour should not flow into our plot.
In the North East side of the plot high-rise or tall buildings should not be there because such high rise buildings give rise to mental unrest. But if they are in South, South West or Western sides that will be auspicious to the buyer of the new plot or house.
In between two neighbouring big plots, a smaller plot should not be purchased. Similarly between two tall buildings, a small house should not be bought. This will make the buyer poorer day by day.
A plot measuring 180 feet By 100 feet (180*100) was purchased by three parties.

Here the person who bought plot C turns out to be most prosperous while owner of plot B has to face all sorts of trouble.
CHECKING UP MATERIALS that come up while doing excavation for construction.

MATERIAL
RESULT
1. Stone
Increase of wealth
2. Bricks
All types of wealth and prosperity in future
3. Copper or Metals
Prosperous life
4. Coal
Sickness and loss of wealth
5. Bones of animals
Obstacles to progress
6. Snake or Scorpion
Fear of these animals and obstruction to building's progress
7. Anthill, Termites
Destruction of wealth, reduction in longivity of life
8. Straw, eggs
Death, Unnecessary expenses
9. Cotton
Sorrow
10. Pieces of wood
Has to abondon the house and run away
11. Skull
Unwanted quarrels, litigation
12. Horns of cow
wealth and prosperity
13. Gold, Silver, Coins
All type of comforts
14. Zinc, Brass pieces
Fortune and comforts
15. Rags (torn clothes)
Quarrels and fights
16. Iron or steel pieces
Death

GETTING RID OF SHALYA DOSH (Soil Deficiency)
If the soil is found defective as above it must be purified or cleansed before starting any construction in the plot. Shastras have laid many ways for getting rid of SHALYA DOSH.

SLOPES OF PLOTS
Slope, size, shape, direction, proportion, location of openings, sorroundings, etc. of a plot have significant influence both positive and negative, on the inmates of building constructed on it. According to Vastu Shastra the shape of the ground surface also influences the fortune of the occupants. As a rule the plot should be elevated in South and West directions, sloping (declining) towards East and North so that water flows from West to East and from South to North. This type of plot brings joy and happiness, good children and all the success in life to the occupants of the building erected on it. According to Shastras a plot is divided into two parts like this : - - -

The Moon's place that is South Western portion of the plot should be elevated and the Sun's place, that is North and Eastern portion should be at lower level. Such a plot will bring joy and happiness, good children and success in life to that family. On the other hand, if Sun's place is elevated and Moon's place is depressed, the owner and family of that house will become poorer day by day, suffer from diseases and get entangled in quarrels and litigations and lose everything gradually. Following diagram shows the effects of slope, that is low level or depression at each corner.

The slope towards mid point, that is all sides elevated but mid point depressed means continuously fighting with diseases and losing every thing. If only Southern direction remains high leveled, it will bring bad effects. Sometimes even death will result.
There are several permutations and combinations of steep and low levels in different directions with varying effects. A Vastu consultant will be of real help in selecting the right plot for size.
Another important point to be kept in view is that the plot should not be too high or too low in level to the abutting roads.

SIZE OF THE PLOT
Bigger the size, it is better.
ANNEXTURE-1
SHAPES
Like different sizes and shapes of human beings, plots available are also of different shapes and sizes. The summarised effects on the inmates of plot of different shaped plot are :
Serial No.
Shape of the plot
Figure
Effects
1.
Square (all corners straight and at 90°) shaped

Very auspicious, brings health,wealth and happiness.
2.
Rectangular Shaped

Good and auspicious. Brings all round prosperity.
3.
Circular Shaped

Good for constructing circular Shaped buildings only.
4.
Wheel Shaped

Owner loses financial status and faces poverty.
5.
Odd Shaped (irregular shaped)

Causes all types or problems and poverty.
6.
Triangular Shaped

Affects progress and causes problems from government.
7.
Bhadarshan Shaped

Not good for residence. Can be used for special type of buildings like government buildings only.
8.
Cart Shaped

Causes wants and poverty, even imprisonment. The owner has to run here and there like a Cart.
9.
Long bar Shaped

Not good if used for cattle shed, the cattle reared here perish.
10.
Damru shaped (a tiny size musical damru with deep bend in the middle)

Will have very bad effect on the eye sight of inmates. Also everyone in the house will lose discretion fright judgement.
11.
Visham Bahu (disproportionate shouldered)

Affects health, involves in mates in court litigations, drives them to poverty.
12.
Drum or Dholak or Mirdung Shaped

Will cause loss of wife and other female members of the family
13.
Hand-Pan Shaped

Creates loss of wealth, cattle etc. This can be corrected and used if other aspects conform to Vastu principles.
14.
Varahan Mukhi Akaar (pig faced Shaped)

Causes death of brothers and relatives.
15.
Turtle shaped plot

Causes to the owner and his family members imprisonment, untimely death and murders.
16.
Window shaped plot (used for hand winnowing to separate grains from chaff)

The inmates of this plot lose mental peace and face poverty.
17.
Bow shaped plot

Inmates of this plot face fear of theft, loot, attack by enemies etc.
18.
Muslakar plot (long oval like plot with cut in one side)

It brings enmity and loss of friendship
19.
Hexagon shaped plot

This is considered good if all other Vastu principles are followed. Is said to be helpful in progress of family members.
20.
Ellipitical plot (a regular oval shaped)

Loss in many ways like money, women and respect.
21.
Polygonal plot (Panch Mukh)

Such plot should not be inhabited before making it a rectangular plot otherwise it will bring legal litigations and false allegations.
22.
Octagonal (Astha Kon) plot

Is auspicious and will bring all round prosperity.
23.
Pot type plot

People who live on this plot face problems and obstacles for progress.
24.
Simha Mukh (lion faced) like a lion's face wider in front

Not good for residential purposes. Is very auspicious for business organisation.
25.
Gaumukh (cow faced) like a cows face narrow in front

Auspicious provided the roads are in Southern and Westeren sides of plot.
ANNEXTURE-2
PROJECTIONS, RETRACTIONS AND CLOSING OF CORNERS
Plots are always not available in the shape of perfect square, rectangular or quarrangle. Projections means an additional space which when substracted from the plot, makes it a regular square or rectangle. While retraction means an additional space which when added to the plot, makes it a regular square or rectangle. The effects of projections, retractions and closing of corners or the inmates are as follows :
Serial No.
PROJECTION IN DIRECTION
SHAPE
EFFECTS
1.
North East

Health, wealth, happiness and progress will be the results.
2.
North East projected towards as well as North

Wealth and prosperity, peace of mind and plenty.
3.
North-West projected at West

Good for women organisations and politicians.
4.
North West projected North

Suffering of women, mental problems, heavy expenditure and losses in business.
5.
South East extended at East

Losses and harrasment by government.
6.
South East extended at South

Health problems, litigations decline in income.
7.
South West extended at South

Misery to women folk and sickness.
8.
South West extended at West

Bad names to makes, mental problems to women, loss of wealth.
CONTRACTIONS OR RETRACTIONS (CHOPPING OFF) OF CORNERS
9.
North East

Mars progress and prospects. Loss of children and wealth. Mental unrest and sickness leading to happiness allaround.
10.
North West

Disease, loss of wealth, fear of life and theft.
11.
South East

Poverty and diseases
12.
South West

Sickness of wife, mental worry and unhappiness.
CLOSING OF THE CORNERS
13.
North East

Disastrous
14.
South East

Wealth will be destroyed and children's progress in affected.
15.
North West

Progress of the family will be effected leading to bankrupty and mental problems.
16.
South West

Permitted without blocking the pathway.