Ibrahim Academy

Universal Document Converter

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Sun, 12 Jun 2022 05:42:00 +0000

Universal Document Converter

What universal document converter is? For Sure, you desired to download it for no cost and want to know why is it used for? You may get to understand quickly for sure. additionally, recognise as its famous name UDC, basically used to transform file extensions. There are so many online and offline alternatives to be had to convert sure report extensions to an extraordinary file extension. You could install a bunch of conversion software, however the ones can consume a variety of area into your hard drive. Also, you have to use distinctive conversion software every time. Instead, why don't you install the best software program to help you to transform many file extensions to the one of a kind one? One of the exceptional, that I have been the use of is a general document converter. It is a completely lite model to install on home windows, person pleasant and smooth to use with none problem. It comes within the class of digital printers. After you install and lauch, it will be introduced under your printer list within the manage panel. It is software that allows users to transform documents into PDF or photograph report formats as per their need. In addition, it's miles capable to converting a report from its cutting-edge layout into 8 distinctive output codecs, which includes options like pdf, jpeg, dcx, bmp, pcx, gif and even excessive fine tiff and png photograph documents. You could test in its positive settings. Download standard report converter I have visible, many humans use a trail version of this converter, in case you are the usage of a trial or demo version. To your facts, if you are the use of an ordeal version, you need to have constrained features accessibility in it and also even as changing you will see a watermark of demo model which looks so annoying. hereby, presenting you the registered model of download.

System requirements:

• Microsoft Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7/8/8.1/10

• Supports 32-bit & 64-bit systems

To download Full version of UDC

Click below download link:

DOWNLOAD

The Isolating & Perverting Effect of Money or The Theme of Great Expectations

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Sun, 19 Jul 2020 14:45:00 +0000

Charles Dickens lashes out on the anomalies, social evils and injustice of his time. Such as imprisonment for debt, delay in justice, maladministration of public schools, greed of capitalists and cruelty on working class.

In the last phase of his novels his main subject of attack is money and all that goes with it, such as power, position and authority. Interestingly, the novel “Great Expectations” is from the last phase of his novels. Here the main subject of attack is the isolating and perverting effect of money. Pip the main protagonist of novel is perverted and gets isolated from his loved ones. It is the irony of fate that he realizes at last that the money to which he owes everything has come from criminal.

There are number of characters in “Great Expectations” who have so much greed for money.

Miss Havisham:

She is aristocrat lady. Her relatives behave so meanly and flatter her only to get some share in her wealth. Pip calls them toadies, means flatterers, humbugs, mean imposters and cheats. She is the victim of her lover’s greed for money. He robbed a considerable amount of wealth and then deserted her.

Estella:

Her decision to marry Drummle is because of his wealth. Otherwise he is repulsive character. Pumblechook’s attitude changes towards Pip according to the changes in latter’s fortune. Everyone worships, Mammon, the God of wealth, paying no regard to human values.

Pip (The Main Protagonist):

He falls in love with Estella thinking that she would also love him. He is apprenticed to Joe, but feels ashamed and miserable while working as blacksmith boy. He wants to be unnoticed and remain in shadows. That is because of his love for Estella and his aspiration to become gentleman and marry her. The life of Pip changes when Mr. Jaggers announces a change in Pip’s fortune. This becomes the cause of his change in nature and he becomes snob. While living in London, he completely forgets his loves ones, Joe, Biddy and his sister. He disassociates himself from them. Money suppresses whatever is good and human in him. He is cold and snobbish. When Magwitch dramatically appears and reveals himself as his benefactor. He is shocked to learn that his benefactor was a convict not Miss Havisham.

To conclude, Dickens in “Great Expectations has showed the perverting effect of money in the life of an outstart like Pip.

Humour of the Charles Dickens or Humour in Great Expection

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Sun, 19 Jul 2020 14:43:00 +0000

In Dickens novels, his most important quality is humour. He had a stupendous comic fertility. He is the creator of whole population of droll, eccentrics, grotesques and caricatures. There are hundreds of comic characters found in his each novel.

Dickens humour is chiefly humour of his characters. It’s his characters that are remembered not the book which contains them. Such as Mr. Pickwick, the Wellers, Mr. Wemmick or Pumblechook. Each one of his character has distinct mannerism and has his own distinct language.

Two strong elements of Dickens humour is his curious childlike imagination and his amazing creative energy. The abandoned child of blackening factory never died in him. He was supreme mimic of the people. He observed the people as a child observes and sees them. For child the people are sometimes absurdly comic and sometimes terrifying.

His humour has two sides, sympathetic and satirical. Consequently, his comic characters fall into two divisions. When he rejoices in them, the result is pure humour. When sympathy is withheld, the result is savage comedy with no good nature in it at all.

Humour in “Great Expectations”

Mrs. Joe harsh treatment of her husband, Mr. Pumblechook fish like face and his hypocrisy, Mr. Wemmic mouth open like letter box and maintenance of his house like castle, Mathew Pocket’s bald head with only few hairs on it and his wife’s foolish snobbery are all examples of humour in characters.

To sum up, Indeed Charles Dickens was a great novelist and entertainer, probably the greatest entertainer in history of English fiction. He was a man of little knowledge, who had learnt from the streets of London and also from his experience as a laboring boy in blackening factory, as lawyer’s clerk and journalist. Besides that he was a great actor and orator. Having such qualities he strove to identify himself with public feelings, emotions, likes and dislikes. Suddenly, he became the conscious and the voice of his age.

Charles Dickens as Social Reformer

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Thu, 16 Jul 2020 07:45:00 +0000

In almost all novels of Charles Dickens he is found attacking the social evils and flaws of age, like imprisonment for debt, the miserable condition of public school and punishment of children by the hands of school masters, the condition of labour and working class and delay in justice.

In “Great Expectations” the perverting affect of money in natural habit of Pip and getting isolated from his loved ones has been made a target. Pip believes that the money to which he owes has come from Miss Havisham, and it is the irony of fate when he comes to know that the money has come from a criminal Magwitch, a convict which he had met when he was a young boy.

In “Hard Times” industrialization has been made a target, throwing light on the tussle between labour and capital. He himself went there to see everything with his own eyes and attacked the capitalist as he liked and pointed out the flaws that he found there.

Nevertheless, many contemporary critics of his attacked Dickens for what they called his “Prophetic Mission”. James Stephen said that Dickens mission should only be to make the world laugh not to recreate and rehabilitate society. However, Dickens remained adamant to and continued to give answers and carried on the crusade in his own periodicals.

To Sum Up, The novels of Dickens belong entirely to the humanitarian movement of the Victorian Age. He was from first to last a novelist with a purpose. In nearly all his books he set out to attack some specific abuse or abuses in the existing system of things. Humanitarianism was indeed the keynote of his work.

Tess more sinned against than sinning

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Tue, 14 Jul 2020 15:36:00 +0000

“Character is destiny” is a well known saying, but it cannot be applied to Hardy’s characters as in their case character is one thing and destiny another.

In the novel “Tess of D’Urbervilles” Tess is an instrument in the hands of fate. Fate plays through chance, love, nature and social hurdles. The same thing happens to Tess, though it can be said that she herself is responsible for the destruction, sufferings and her death. She might have been more sinned against than sinning, but she dies for whatever she has done.

There are certain features in Tess personality which becomes the cause of her trouble. She has inherited some soft aspects of her mother along with enduring, patience and hardworking. She has docile nature which always causes her trouble. When she is molested by Alec, she did not show any refusal or resistance, although she was tired.

Again when she marries to Angel Clare, she was told by her mother to keep her pas secret and don’t reveal it to anyone. She told the secret and she was left by Angel.

The fact remains that Tess in more sinned against than sinning despite of the all charges brought against her. It was by chance that her father came to know that they are from noble stroke of D’Urbervilles. The only bread-winner, their horse met an accident and died. She is told to go and tell Mrs. D’Urbervilles that they are from D’Urbervilles family stroke. There she met Alec who seduced her and she lost her physical purity and virginity.

She came back and gave birth to a child who died soon. She started working in Toolbathays where she met Angel Clare and they both fell in love with each other. Now Tess was in conflict, she wanted to tell him about her past, but couldn’t find the courage. Before wedding she wrote a letter and put it under the door, but fate intervened, the letter slips under the carpet and remains unnoticed. She tells him everything, which changes Angel from being soft hearted to stony hearted and leaves for Brazil.

She again surrenders herself to Alec in order to support her family financially. When Angel realizes his mistake in Brazil, he comes back in search of her. At last he finds her and apologizes. She considers it the Alec’s fault and kills him for which she is hanged.

To sum up, she is driven to that end. She suffers from the cruelties of society and asks for mercy to the world but all in vain. She was ruined by young man representing modern civilization and gross nature. Hardy calls her pure woman, as he believes purity is the innate purity of mind and soul not the physical one. The fate has predetermined her course of life. So, it can be said that her sins are insignificant compared to the sufferings she was subjected to.

Minor Characters in Tess of D'Urbervilles

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Sat, 11 Jul 2020 15:38:00 +0000

Minor Characters of Hardy are given of different names. They are called the “Rustic Chorus” and “Philosophic Party”. The word “Chorus” has been used in ancient Greek times.

Rustic characters are very important for providing necessary information. They remain sidelines and do not contribute to mainstream action, but they are of very importance.

When John D’Urberfield came to know that he is the descendent of noble family D’Urbervilles. He hopes for the bright future of his daughter. They are sitting in the Inn and a rustic character agrees with the expectation regarding the daughter.

Again, In Toolbathays when Angel Clare deserted Tess and was in disappointment. A pretty young maid agrees to the proposal leaving to Brazil with Angel. He asks her, does she love him as much as Tess and the maid becomes quite and says that no one can love him as much as Tess does. She can die for him.

Hardy used them much in his plays “The Mayor of Casterbridge” and “The return of Native”. In “Tess of D’Urbervilles” and “Jude the Obscure” these rustic characters are not used as much as used in the former novels.

To sum up, chorus or rustic characters play an important role in Hardy’s novels. Their conversation brings humour and happiness in the atmosphere of Tragedy.

Character of Tess or Character Sketch of Tess

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Sat, 11 Jul 2020 14:58:00 +0000

Tess is the protagonist and the heroine of the novel “Tess of D’Urbervilles”. She is attractive, fascinating and alluring. Her beauty wins the attraction of everyone. Her mobile peony mouth and large innocent eyes adds beauty to the shape and colour. She is the perfect ideal of womanhood. She is simple young girl. She is round character who changes from young simple girl of sixteen years into complex woman in five or six years. Her beauty causes her trouble and he meets two men in her life. Angel Clare says”

“A fresh and virgin daughter of nature”

Tess most prominent aspect is her helping attitude. She is light and tender hearted. She suffers and dies due to her parents, brothers and sisters.

On the day of May when she returned home, her mother was busy. She offered her help despite that she was tired.

When her father drank too much at Rolivard Inn and was unable to move his commodities and was not in position to ride on horse, Tess offered him help. On the way they met an accident and the horse named “Prince” died. She was very sensitive girl and she considered it her fault and was thinking how her parents now will earn their income.

She was selfless and dedicated girl. When there was no mean of income, she went to Trantridge and there she lost her physical purity. When her father died and Angle Clare deserted him, she once again surrendered her body to Alec in order to support her family.

Among the critics of Hardy she is not considered as pure woman and the sub-title “The Pure Woman” caused a storm among the people and they considered it offensive. Hardy does not judge the purity of Tess from Victorian point of view. He believes that purity cannot be judged by physical chastity. It means the purity of innate mind and soul.

To sum up, Tess is fascinating, charming, alluring and pure woman. She suffers and dies because of fate and chance. She tries to face the challenges and finds no way but destruction.

Character of Alec or Character Sketch of Alec D'Urbervilles

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Fri, 10 Jul 2020 16:20:00 +0000

Alexander D’Urbervilles is the full name of Alec D’Urbervilles. He is generally known as Alec in the novel. He is not from genuine D’Urbervilles stroke. His father old Mr. Simon made enough as an honest merchant. He decided to live his life as counterman in the South England. He did not want to be identified with the smart tradesman of the past. So, he decided to annex some old family names and he found D’Urbervilles very useful.

Alec is a man of twenty four or twenty six years age and tall young man. He is the only son of late Mr. Simon stroke. He wears moustache with points curled.

Tess came to visit Mrs. D’Urbervilles and tell her that they are their relatives and from D’Urbervilles stroke. Alec met her there at the first time and set his cunning eyes on her. He took her to the lawns, flower-bed and fruit garden. There she asked her, is she liked strawberries. She inclined his face towards her to kiss her, but it did not happen. He had spoiled many innocent girls life and was trying to seduce Tess for his animal desire. He succeeded in his aim and raped her last. He could not feel the pain and suffering that he had caused to a sensitive sprit. After his conversion, he developed great attachment for her, but this attachment was purely for sensuous desire.

To conclude, Alec is selfish, lustful person. When novel opens, positive hated is developed for him when he tries to seduce Tess. When he is killed by Tess, no sympathy is developed for him.

Character of Angel Clare or Character Sketch of Angel Clare

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Thu, 09 Jul 2020 08:23:00 +0000

Angel Clare is the most important character in the novel “Tess of D’Urbervilles”. He is the youngest son of Reverend Clare and Mrs. Clare. He appears in the first phase of the novel where some girls were dancing and he didn’t dance with them. Then he reappears in the third phase of the novel in Toolbathays dairy farm.

He does not have any university degree like his brothers, because of religious difference with his father, yet he has real taste for reading books. His father was shocked once to receive a book by mistake ordered by Angel Clare. The book dealt with philosophy which was against the views of his father.

His brother ordained ministries and his father wanted Angel to join Church but he was not satisfied and convinced with the practices of Church. He was interested in the field of agriculture.

In Toolbathays dairy farm he fell in love with Tess. Tess was beautiful, simple, light-hearted and innocent girl. He wanted to marry her and few times he desired to kiss her, but always requested her permission and desisted. This shows the innocence & simplicity of Angel Clare. He was guilty of life spent with dissolute woman of forty eight hours, who was older than him. He was the victim of same sin as Tess was, but he becomes stony hearted when Tess revealed her secret of losing virginity. He leaves for Brazil, but there he senses arise and realizes that he has done wrong to her and came back in search of her. At last he found her and apologized to her.

To sum up, Angel Clare is the important character after Tess. He has tendency of dry reasoning which make his life unhappy. He is innocent, simple, light-hearted character in the novel “Tess of D’Urbervilles”

Hardy as Tragic artist or Hardy's Tragic Vision

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Wed, 08 Jul 2020 11:34:00 +0000

Thomas Hardy goes against Aristotle & Shakespeare in writing Tragedy, because of being pessimist. He does not follow the rules which are defined by Aristotle and Shakespeare. Though rules of Aristotle are followed by many Tragedians in many centuries, but Hardy ignores them. He redefines the meaning of Tragedy in his novels. Hardy’s Tragedies are combination of the following:

• Coincidence
• Unfavorable events
• Fate
• Chance

The combination of above elements in tragedy is called Hardian Tragedy.

In writing Tragedy Thomas Hardy differs from Aristotle & Shakespeare. According to Aristotle the protagonist of novel must have Hamartia, which becomes the cause of his downfall, but Hardy’s protagonists does not have any flaw in their character, its fate & chance which leaves them with no way but destruction and suffering. Aristotle says that the main character of novel must be from elite & noble class, but in Hardy’s Tragedies the main character is from lower & poor class.

In Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” the protagonist is from elite class. He has Hamartia of indecisiveness, which becomes the cause of his downfall. But in Hardy’s “Tess of D’Urbervilles” the main character “Tess” has no any Hamartia, it’s fate & chance which becomes the cause of her downfall and she is from lower and poor family.

To conclude, Hardy’s tragic vision is different from other common writers. So, it cannot be said that his has defect in his Tragedies; he has his own way of writing Tragedy and it make him a successful tragedian of Victorian period.

Mental & Physical Purity of Tess or Tess as a pure woman

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Wed, 08 Jul 2020 10:08:00 +0000

Thomas Hardy is Victorian novelist and Modern Poet. The purity of Tess has been a debated topic among the critics. It was published in 1981 and the sub-title “The Pure Woman” created a storm among people and they considered it offensive. Hardy regretted that his critics did not know the real meaning of “Pure”. According to Victorian society purity meant the physical purity and virginity of woman. But Hardy says that it means, the purity of mind and soul not the physical one.

It is obvious from the scenes in the novel that she did not want to be harassed and raped but it was the fate which left her with no way but destruction. When Alec took her from the party on horse and tried to seduce her, she preferred to walk rather than riding on horse.

When Angle Clare was trying to propose her for marriage, she rejected it again and again and told him that he can marry other maids working here better than her. She was aware of her past and did not want to offend him.

Again when Alec came after Angel left her, he spoke against Angel, but Tess told him to not speak against him, because he is absent.

To sum up, purity is not determined from the physical sense but by that it means, the purity of mind and soul. It became clear that Tess was a pure woman

Treatment of Nature by Hardy in Tess of D'Urbervilles.

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Sun, 05 Jul 2020 07:55:00 +0000

Nature as subject has been interpreted by many poets, dramatist and novelist. As Wordsworth is the interpreter on nature in field of fiction and one who reads his longer novels feels as if he has spent a day in country side. This treatment made him a prophet and he calls nature “mother” or a “friend”. P.B Shelly got the lesson of optimism from nature. He says:

“If Winter comes can Spring be far behind”

Hardy was deeply interested in nature, as one reads his novels, feels as if one is spending time in Wessex country side. Hardy’s concept of nature is more realistic than Romantic. Nature is the important element in Hardy’s novels specially in “Tess”, nature serves as a living character. In Hardy’s novels nature is not friendlier; rather it’s cruel and relentless. It’s because of his temperament that he does not turn to other aspects of nature. According to Hardy:

“Happiness is but an occasional episode in general drama of pain”

In the hands of Hardy, nature becomes almost as much a character as any other human being. Like human beings, it has life, feels, speaks and it breaks and castes in own influence on the things around it. Duffin says:

“If word-pictures could be hung on walls, a great gallery could be filled with Hardy’s nature pieces”

In “Tess of D’Urbervilles”, it’s nature which leaves Tess alone with no destination. Nature has nothing good to offer to Tess but only destruction and suffering. She has to support her family for which she goes from one place to another to find work. But she is caught by the cruel clutches of nature in the shape of Alec and she becomes a victim in the lustful and wanton nature of Alec.

Nature is not always cruel as it seems, sometimes it is holy. In “Tess of D’Urbervilles” at Talbothays dairy farm, Angel Clare falls in love with Tess and proposes her for marriage in a very romantic day.

To sum up, nature has been presented in a very lively manner by Hardy almost in all his novels. It at times is holy and romantic and times cruel and relentless. Hardy confines himself only to the dark aspects of nature it is because of his temperament that he does not turn to other aspects.

Realism of Hardy or Hardy as realist.

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Fri, 03 Jul 2020 07:00:00 +0000

The novelist of 18th century, particularly Henry Fielding gave a new theory that a novel is comic epic poem in prose. Realism was made the greatest characteristic of novel by Fielding.
In his all novels, particularly “Tom Jones” and “Joseph Andrews”, he pictured a real and faithful account of contemporary English life. After Fielding Realism and Romanticism walked hand-in-hand. It was only in the hands of Charles Dickens that it flourished.
In the hands of Thomas Hardy it also became a greater force. Hardy has so realistically pictured the rivers, oceans, lakes, trees, plants, mountains, animals, birds, villages, towns, men and woman that many of reader of his novels find themselves there. Hardy paints his characters in a very few words that it becomes easy to distinguish one from another.
The greatest expression of Hardy’s Realism can be found in the portrayal of his low characters. He knows that they are conventional, superstitious, gamblers and given to easy way of life. He does not caricature these characters but presents both men and women as they are.
In the “Mayor of Casterbrdige” he has presented the problems of labour and capitalism beautifully. His expression of Realism is found in the treatment of nature. Nature has its own cause and effects and it influences human life by bringing happiness and unhappiness. It has its own way and mood and works according to its own fixed mechanical laws.
To conclude, Hardy was realist in the sense that he had the force of personal wisdom and insight and they were expressed with perfect fidelity and sincerity. He not only gave the photograph of things, men and manners but a lively speaking picture which was a real work of literary art.

Hardy as pessimist (Tess of D'Urbervilles)

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Wed, 01 Jul 2020 16:25:00 +0000

Hardy being a pessimist is a much debated and controversial topic. Some critics believe that hardy is a pessimist. They say that Hardy’s view of life is full of sufferings and suffering is a universal law for Hardy. According to Hardy “Happiness is an occasional episode in general drama of pain”. By deep studying his novels it becomes clear and crystal that he is a pessimist towards life.

Hardy’s view is pessimistic regarding the creator of universe who we call “The first cause”. He does not believe in the first cause, rather he believes in Darwin’s philosophy and other revolutionary scientists who believe that this universe in not created but evolved. He believes in the first cause but not in religious context. He believes that God is malevolent and cruel on human beings. In his novels his characters are faced great challenges and sufferings.

To sum up, it is unfair to consider Hardy completely pessimist or optimist. Hardy himself rejects all these charges and calls himself meliorist. He believes in the betterment of human life. He believes that betterment cannot come from outer force, for it one has to struggle, strive and face all the challenges and threats posed by nature.

On the other hand every writer is the product of his age. The age in which he lived was Victorian age, where despair, doubt selfishness, frustration and industrial revolution were at its peak. He predicted and portrayed everything which he observed in cotemporary English society. So, Hardy cannot be considered as fully pessimist but he was a realist.

Role of Fate and Chance in Tess of D"Urbervilles

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Tue, 30 Jun 2020 06:49:00 +0000

In the world of Thomas Hardy Happiness and Misery, Joy and Sorrow are not there because of the actions of the human beings present in this world, they are there because some external force called fate and chance.

In Hardy's novels fate and chance play a vital role in connecting the incidents together. According to Hardy human beings have no existence of their own, they are controlled by fate and chance. They are just mere puppets in the hands of fate and chance.

In life fate and chance happens, sometimes it determines the course of life for good and sometimes for bad, but in Hardy's novels fate and chance always leads the life towards misery and sorrow.

Fate and chance starts playing its role from the very first chapter in the life of Tess, when her father (Jack) meets and a person named Parson Tringham on the way back home. He is told that he belongs to knightly family of D'Urberfield. Upon hearing this he starts thinking and acting like rich man and urges his daughter (Tess) to go and work for a family named Mrs. D'Urberfield. This journey of life leads Tess towards misery and unhappiness as he meets with a wrong person named Alec. He seduces her and she bears a child who dies soon.

Then Tess leaves Alec and starts working in a Farm, where he again meets a person named Angel. He falls in love with her and proposes her for marriage. Tess tries to tell him about her past but couldn't find a way. She writes a letter and puts in under the door, but unfortunately the letter gets under the carpet of door. When they get married Angel tells her about a sin that he committed. Tess being a pure heart lady tells him about her past. Upon hearing this Angel leaves her and goes to Brazil. After facing a lot of troubles she meets again Alec and due to financial problems she agrees to marry him.

In Brazil Angel realizes his mistake and comes back to find Tess. At last he meets Tess and apologizes for his mistake. Tess Kills Alec and goes with Angel. They try to run away from law and unfortunately they are caught by law. Tess is punished for her crime and she is hanged.

To sum up, it is fair to say that fate and chance plays a vital and significant role in Tess of D'Urbervilles by connecting the incidents and situations together.

Future-Perfect-Continuous-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 28 Dec 2019 11:32:00 +0000

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

The future continuous tense is not used very much in English. It has a very precise meaning which can be convenient. It is used to express situations that will last for a specified period of time at a definite moment in the future. It is also used to express certainty about the cause of some future situation.
Uses of future perfect continuous tense:
• It is used to express situations that will last for a specified period of time at a definite moment in the future. It is important that we expect these situations to last longer.
Examples.
Before they come, we will have been cleaning the house for five hours.
By the next year, Ali and Khan will have been working together for 50 years.
• English speakers also use this tense when they want to express certainty about the cause of some future situation.
Example.
By this time, he will have been working for 12 hours, so he will be very tired.

Sentence Structure of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure of Simple/Positive Sentence:
Subject + will + have + been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
Note: ‘Since’ is used for point of time. (E.g. since Friday, since 1990, since 5 O’clock). ‘For’ is used for period of time or duration. (E.g. for two hours, for ten days, for five years).
Simple Sentences:
He will have been playing in the hall for1 hour.
She will have been taking care of her health since 1990.
It will have been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours.
I will have been watching T.V. for two hours
We will have been speaking good English for two years.
You will have been telling a story for 4 hours.

Structure of negative Sentence:
Subject + will + not + have + been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
Note: ‘Since’ is used for point of time. (E.g. since Friday, since 1990, since 5 O’clock). ‘For’ is used for period of time or duration. (E.g. for two hours, for ten days, for five years).

Negative Sentences:
He will not have been playing in the hall for 1 hour.
She will not have been taking care of her health since 1990.
It will not have been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours.
I will not have been watching T.V. for two hours
We will not have been speaking good English for two years.
You will not have been telling a story for 4 hours.

Structure of interrogative Sentence:
Will + subject + have + been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
Note: ‘Since’ is used for point of time. (E.g. since Friday, since 1990, since 5 O’clock). ‘For’ is used for period of time or duration. (E.g. for two hours, for ten days, for five years).

Interrogative sentences:
Will he have been playing in the hall for 1 hour?
Will she have been taking care of her health since 1990?
Will it have been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours?
Will I have been watching T.V. for two hours?
Will we have been speaking good English for two years?
Will you have been telling a story for 4 hours?

Future-Perfect-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 28 Dec 2019 11:25:00 +0000

Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense in English is not very common, but it is useful in some situations. It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be completed in future. It expresses a sense of completion of an action which will occur in future.
Uses of future perfect tense:
• It is used to talk about future action that will be finished before some specified point in the future.
Examples.
Before they come, will have cleaned up the house.
Adnan will have eaten the whole cake by the time the birthday party starts.
• It is used to talk about actions will last after a given point in the future.
Examples.
By the next year, I will have known Jack for 30 years.
John will have lived in Faisalabad for 20 years by 2012.
Note: Time expressions that are commonly used with the future perfect are:
By
By the time
Before
By tomorrow/7 O’clock/next month
Until/till
• It is used to express conviction that something happened in the near past.
Examples.
The train will have left by now. We have to look for another way to get there.
(I am sure the train has left.)
The guests will have arrived at the hotel by now.
(I am sure the guests have arrived at the hotel.)

Sentence Structure of Future Perfect Tense

Structure of positive sentence:
Subject + will + have + 3rd form of verb (past perfect participle) + Object.

Simple Sentences:
She will have gone to the market.
They will have gone to the market
He will have visited his aunt’s home.
I will have visited my aunt’s home.
It will have rained in winter.
We will have played a cricket match.
Sarah will have written a letter.
You will have eaten a burger.

Structure of negative sentence:
Subject + will + not + have +3rd for of verb (past perfect participle) + Object.

Negative sentences:
They/We/You Will not Have Watched T.V.
He/She Will not Have Spoken French properly.
I Will not Have Visited my aunt’s home.
It Will not Have Rained in Nepal daily.

Structure of interrogative sentence:
Will + Subject + have + 3rd form of verb (past perfect participle) + Object?
Interrogative Sentences:
Will They/We/You Have Made a cake on Sunday?
Will He/She Have Taken too much tea?
Will I Have Visited my aunt’s home?
Will It Have Rained in Bhutan daily?

Future-Continuous-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 28 Dec 2019 11:18:00 +0000

Future Continuous/Progressive Tense

It is used to express a continued or an ongoing action in future.
Uses of future continuous tense:
• It is used to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future.
Examples.
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when she your bus arrives.
Note: In the above examples the interruptions (marked in bold) are in simple present rather than simple future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
• It shows a complete action in the future that will happen in the normal course or events.
Example.
The government will be making a statement later.
• It is used to make a guess about the present.
Example.
My mother will be working now. (I think she is working now, but I am not completely certain.)
• It is used for asking information.
Examples.
Will you be bringing your friend to the party tonight?
Will Ali be coming with us?
• It is used for predicting or guessing.
Examples.
You will be feeling thirsty after working in the sun.
He will be coming to the meeting, I expect.

Sentence Structure of Future Continuous Tense

Structure of positive sentence:
Subject + will + be + (ing form of verb) + Object.
Simple Sentences:
She will be going to the market
They will be going to the market
He will be visiting his aunt’s home.
I will be visiting my aunt’s home.
It will be raining in winter.
We will be playing a cricket match.
Jack will be writing a letter.
You will be eating a burger.

Structure of negative sentence:
Subject + will + not + be + (ing for of verb) + Object.
Negative sentences:
They/We/You Will not Watching T.V.
He/She Will not Speaking French properly.
I Will not Visiting my aunt’s home.
It Will not Raining in Nepal daily.

Structure of interrogative sentence:
Will + Subject + be + (ing form of verb + Object?
Interrogative Sentences:
Will They/We/You Be Making a cake on Sunday?
Will He/She Be Taking too much tea?
Will I Be Visiting my aunt’s home?
Will It Be Raining in Bhutan daily?

Future-Indefinite-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 01 Aug 2019 14:08:00 +0000

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense (Future Indefinite Tense)

It is sued to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after saying or in future.

Uses of future simple/indefinite tense:
• It is used to predict a future event.
Example.
It will rain tomorrow.
• It is used (with I/we) to express a spontaneous decision.
Example.
I will pay for the tickets by credit card.
• It is used to express willingness.
Example.
I will do the washing-up. He will carry your bag for you.
• It is used to express unwillingness. (in the negative form)
Examples.
The baby will not eat his soup.
I will not leave until I have seen the manager.
• It is used to make an offer. (with I in the interrogative form)
Example.
Shall/Will I open the window?
• It is used to make a suggestion. (with we in the interrogative form)
Example.
Shall/Will we go to the cinema tonight?
• It is used to ask for advice or instructions. (with I in the interrogative form)
Example.
What shall/will I tell the boss about the money?
• It is used to give orders. (with you)
Example.
You will do exactly as I say.
• It is used to give an invitation. (with you)
Example.
Will you come to the birthday party?
• It is used to express promise.
Example.
I will clean up my room. I promise!

Sentence Structure of Simple Future Tense

Structure of positive sentence:

Subject + will + 1st form of verb + Object.
Note: In modern English ‘will’ is preferred to ‘shall’. ‘Shall’ is mainly used with ‘I’ and ‘we’ to make an offer or suggestion with the other persons (you, he, she, they).

‘Shall’ is only used in literary or poetic situations.
Examples.
“With rings on her fingers and bells on the toes,
She shall have music whenever she goes.”

Simple Sentences:

She will go to the market
They will go to the market
He will visit his aunt’s home.
I will visit my aunt’s home.
It will rain in winter.
We will play a cricket match.
John will write a letter.
You will eat a burger.

Structure of negative sentence:

Subject + will + not + 1st form of verb + Object.

Negative sentences:

They/I/We/You will not Watch T.V.
He/She will not Speak French properly.
It will not Rain in Nepal daily.

Structure of interrogative sentence:

Will + Subject + 1st form of verb + Object?

Interrogative Sentences:

Will They/I/We/You Make a cake on Sunday?
Will He/She Take too much tea?
Will It Rain in Bhutan daily?

Past-Perfect-Continuous-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Wed, 06 Mar 2019 05:01:00 +0000

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in the past and continued until sometime in past. There will be a time reference, such as “since 1990, for three hours. etc.” from which the action had started. Such time reference or sense of reference is the identity of perfect continuous tense.

Uses of past perfect continuous tense:
1. It is used to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
Examples.
They had been talking for over an hour before the chairman arrived.
She had been working at that ceremony for three years.

2. Using the past perfect continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.
Examples.
Julia was tired because he had been jogging.
Sarah gained weight because he had been overeating.

Difference between past continuous and past perfect continuous:

If you do not include duration such as “for five minutes, for two weeks, since Friday, etc.” many English speakers choose to use the past continuous rather than the past perfect continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas past perfect continuous emphasizes duration of time before something in the past.
Examples.
He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
(This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he was exercising at that exact moment.)
He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
(This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over a period of time. It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment or that he had just finished.

Sentence Structure of Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure of Simple/Positive Sentence:

Subject + had been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
Note: ‘Since’ is used for point of time. (E.g. since Friday, since 1990, since 5 O’clock). ‘For’ is used for period of time or duration. (E.g. for two hours, for ten days, for five years).

Simple Sentences:

(Subject + Helping Verb + Verb-ing + Object + Time reference

(He had been playing in the hall for 1 hour.)

He had been playing in the hall for 1 hour.
She had been taking care of her health since 1990.
It had been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours.
I had been watching T.V. for two hours.
We had been speaking good English for two years.
You had been telling a story for 4 hours.

Structure of negative Sentence:
Subject + had + not + been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
Note: ‘Since’ is used for point of time. (E.g. since Friday, since 1990, since 5 O’clock). ‘For’ is used for period of time or duration. (E.g. for two hours, for ten days, for five years).

Negative Sentences:

(Subject + Had + Not + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Time reference

(He had not been playing in the hall for 1 hour.)

He had not been playing in the hall for 1 hour.
She had not been taking care of her health since 1990.
It had not been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours.
I had not been watching T.V. for two hours
We had not been speaking good English for two years.
You had not been telling a story for 4 hours.

Structure of interrogative Sentence:
Had + subject+ been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
Note: ‘Since’ is used for point of time. (E.g. since Friday, since 1990, since 5 O’clock). ‘For’ is used for period of time or duration. (E.g. for two hours, for ten days, for five years).

Interrogative sentences:

(Had + Subject + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Time reference?)

(Had he been playing in the hall for 1 hour?)

Had he been playing in the hall for 1 hour?
Had she been taking care of her health since 1990?
Had it been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours?
Had I been watching T.V. for two hours?
Had we been speaking good English for two years?
Had you been telling a story for 4 hours?

Past-Perfect-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 28 Feb 2019 12:21:00 +0000

Past Perfect Tense

It is used to emphasize that an action in the past, finished before another action in the past started.

Uses of past perfect tense:
1. The first use of this tense is to emphasize that one action in the past happened before another action in the past
Examples.
I had finished my homework before I went playing football.
Jack had never been to Islamabad before we went there last year.

2. It is used to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
Examples.
By the time Yuri finished his studies, he had been in Lahore for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.

3. ‘Just’ is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than before now.
Examples.
The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.

4. It is used to explain or give a reason for something in the past.
Examples.
I had eaten dinner so I was not hungry.
It had snowed in the night, so the bust did not arrive.

5. It is often used to show dissatisfaction with the past. Such sentences typically start with “I wish…” or “If only…”.
Examples.
I wish I had taken more food. I am hungry now.

Sentence Structure of Past Perfect Tense

Structure of positive sentence:

Subject + had + 3rd form of verb (past perfect participle) + Object.

Simple Sentences:
Subject + Had + 3rd-Verb + Object
(She had gone to the market.)
She had gone to the market. They had gone to the market
He had visited his aunt’s home. I had visited my aunt’s home.
It had rained in winter. We had played a cricket match.
Sarah had written a letter. You had eaten a burger.

Structure of negative sentence:

Subject + had + not +3rd for of verb (past perfect participle) + Object.

Negative sentences:
Subject + Had + Not + 3rd-Verb + Object
(They/We/You Had not Watched T.V.)
They/We/You Had not Watched T.V.
He/She Had not Spoken French properly.
I Had not Visited my aunt’s home.
It Had not Rained in Nepal daily.

Structure of interrogative sentence:

Had + Subject + 3rd form of verb (past perfect participle) + Object?

Interrogative Sentences:
(Had + Subject + 3rd-Verb + Object?)
(Had They/We/You Made a cake on Sunday?)
Had They/We/You Made a cake on Sunday?
Had He/She Taken too much tea?
Had I Visited my aunt’s home?
Had It Rained in Bhutan daily?

Past-Continuous-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 25 Feb 2019 09:55:00 +0000

Past Continuous/Progressive Tense

The past continuous tense is most often used for actions happening at some time in the past.

Uses of past continuous tense:
1. It is used to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the simple past.
Examples.
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

2. In USE 1, described above, the past continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the simple past. However, we can also use a specific time as an interruption.
Examples.
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

Note: In the simple past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the past continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.
Examples.
Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. (I started eating at 6 PM)
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. (I started earlier, and at
6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner.)

3. When the past continuous tense is used with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
Examples.
I was studying while he was making dinner.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

Sentence Structure of Past Continuous Tense

Structure of positive sentence:

Subject + was/were + (ing form of verb) + Object.

Note: ‘was’ is used with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. ‘were’ is used with ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns.

Simple Sentences:
(Subject + Helping verb + Verb-ing + Object)
(She was going to the market.)
She was going to the market. They were going to the market
He was visiting his aunt’s home. I was visiting my aunt’s home.
It was raining in winter. We were playing a cricket match.
Jack was writing a letter. You were eating a burger.

Structure of negative sentence:

Subject + was/were + not + (ing for of verb) + Object.

Note: ‘was’ is used with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. ‘were’ is used with
‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns.

Negative sentences:
(Subject + Was not/were not + Verb-ing + Object)
(She was not watching T.V.)
They/We/You Were not Watching T.V.
He/She Was not Speaking French properly.
I Was not Visiting my aunt’s home.
It Was not Raining in Ghana daily.

Structure of interrogative sentence:

Was/were + Subject + (ing form of verb + Object?

Note: ‘was’ is used with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. ‘were’ is used with ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns.

Interrogative Sentences:
(Was/Were +Subject + Verb-ing + Object)
(Was they making a cake on Sunday?)
Were They/We/You Making a cake on Sunday?
Was He/She Taking too much tea?
Was I Visiting my aunt’s home?
Was It Raining in Brazil daily?

Note: ‘was’ is used with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ and singular nouns. ‘were’ is used with ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’ and plural nouns.

Past-Indefinite-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Mon, 25 Feb 2019 09:14:00 +0000

Simple Past Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)

The simple past tense, often just called the past tense, is easy to use in English. In general, the past tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a definite time in the past.

Uses of past simple tense:
1. It is used for an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Examples.
I saw a movie yesterday.
He washed his car.

2. It is used to list a series of completed actions in the past.
Examples.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

3. It is used with a duration which starts and stops in the past.
Examples.
I lived in Lahore for two years.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

4. It is used to describe a habit which stopped in the past.
Examples.
I studied Arabic when I was child.
He played the violin.

5. It is used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.
Examples.
He did not like tea before.
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

Sentence Structure of Simple Past Tense

Structure of positive sentence:

Subject + 2nd form of verb + Object.

Simple Sentences:
(Subject + 2nd Verb + Object)
(She went to the market.)

She went to the market. They went to the market
He visited his aunt’s home. I visited my aunt’s home.
I rained in winter. We played a cricket match.
Peter wrote a letter. You ate a burger.

Structure of negative sentence:

Subject + did + not + 2nd form of verb + Object.

Negative sentences:
(Subject + Did Not + 1st Verb + Object)
(They/I/We/You Did not Watch T.V.)

They/I/We/You Did not Watch T.V.
He/She Did not Speak French properly.
It Did not Rain in Nepal daily.

Structure of interrogative sentence:

Did + Subject + 2nd form of verb + Object?

Interrogative Sentences:
(Did + Subject + 1st Verb + Object)
(Did They/I/We/You Make a cake on Sunday?)

Did They/I/We/You Make a cake on Sunday?
Did He/She Take too much tea?
Did It Rain in Bhutan daily?

Note: The past tense of regular is made by adding ‘d’ or ‘ed’. The past tense of irregular verb is made by changing the spellings.

Present-Perfect-Continuous-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Fri, 15 Feb 2019 12:18:00 +0000

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or going action that started in past and is continued until now. There will be a time reference, such as “since 1980, for three hours etc.” from which the action has been started.

Uses of present perfect continuous tense:
1. Actions that started in past and continue in present.
2. Action that have recently stopped.

Note: We used ‘since’ with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year, two hours ago). The fixed time can be another action, indicated with the past simple (e.g. since I was at school etc.)
Examples.
I have known Yuri since 1992.
I have liked chocolate since I was a child.

We use ‘for’ with a period of time (2 hours, three hours, six months).
Examples.
I have known Hamid for ten years.
I have been hungry for hours.

Sentence Structure of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure of Simple/Positive Sentence:
He/She/Singular noun + has been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
I/We/You/They/Plural noun + have been (ing form of verb)
+ Object + time
reference.

Note: with ‘he, she, it, singular noun’ helping verb ‘has been’ is used and with ‘I, we, you, they, plural noun’ helping verb ‘have been’ is used.

Simple Sentences:
Subject + Helping Verb + Verb-ing + Object + Time.
(He has been playing in the hall for 1 hour.)
He has been playing in the hall for 1 hour.
She has been taking care of her health since 1990.
It has been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours.
I have been watching T.V. for two hours.
We have been speaking good English for two years.
You have been telling a story for 4 hours.

Structure of Negative Sentence:
He/She/Singular noun + has not been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.
I/We/You/They/Plural noun + have not been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference.

Note: with ‘he, she, it, singular noun’ helping verb ‘has been’ is used and with ‘I, we, you, they, plural noun’ helping verb ‘have been’ is used.

Negative Sentences:
Subject + Not+ Helping Verb + Verb-ing + Object + Time.
(He not has been playing in the hall for 1 hour.)
He has not been playing in the hall for 1 hour.
She has not been taking care of her health since 1990.
It has been not Sleeping on the sofa for three hours.
I have not been watching T.V. for two hours
We have not been speaking good English for two years.
You have not been telling a story for 4 hours.

Structure of Interrogative Sentence:
Has + He/She/Singular noun + been + (ing form of verb) + Object + time reference?
Have + I/We/You/They/Plural noun + been + (ing form of verb)
+ Object + time reference?

Note: with ‘he, she, it, singular noun’ helping verb ‘has been’ is used and with ‘I, we, you, they, plural noun’ helping verb ‘have been’ is used.

Interrogative Sentences:
Has/have + Subject + Been +Verb-ing + Object + Time?
(Has he been playing in the hall for 1 hour?)
Has he been playing in the hall for 1 hour?
Has she been taking care of her health since 1990?
Has it been Sleeping on the sofa for three hours?
Have I been watching T.V. for two hours?
Have we been speaking good English for two years?
Have you been telling a story for 4 hours?

Previous Lesson | Next Lesson

Present-Perfect-Tense

noreply@blogger.com (Ibrahim Academy) — Fri, 15 Feb 2019 12:03:00 +0000

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to express actions that began in the past and continue in the present.

Uses of Present Perfect Tense:
1. Actions and situations started in the past and continuing in the present.
Example.
She has worked in the bank for five years.

2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
Example.
It has rained a lot this year.

3. Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
Example.
They have seen that film six times.

4. An action that was completed in the very recent past
(expressed by ‘just’).
Example.
We have just seen her.

5. When the precise time of the action is not important or not known.
Example.
Someone has eaten my soup.

Note: We used ‘since’ with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year, two hours ago). The fixed time can be another action, indicated with the past simple (e.g. since I was at school etc.)
Examples.
I have known Jack since 1992.
I have liked chocolate since I was a child.
We use ‘for’ with a period of time (2 hours, three hours, six months).
Examples.
I have known Sarah for ten years.
I have been hungry for hours.

Sentence Structure of Present Perfect Tense

Structure of Simple/Positive Sentence:
He/She/Singular noun + has + 3rd form of verb + Object.
I/We/You/They/Plural noun + have + 3rd form of verb + Object.
Note: with ‘he, she, it, singular noun’ helping verb ‘has’ is used and with ‘I, we, you, they, plural noun’ helping verb ‘have’ is used.

Simple Sentences:
Subject + Helping Verb + III-Verb + Object
(He has played in the hall.)
He has played in the hall. She has taken care of her health.
It has Slept on the sofa. They have gotten late for school.
We have spoken good English. You have told a story.
I have watched T.V. John has gone to school.

Structure of Negative Sentence:
He/She/Singular noun + has not + 3rd form of verb + Object.
I/We/You/They/Plural noun + have not + 3rd form of verb + Object.
Note: with ‘he, she, it, singular noun’ helping verb ‘has’ is used and with ‘I, we, you, they, plural noun’ helping verb ‘have’ is used.

Negative Sentences:
Subject + Not +Helping Verb + III-Verb + Object
(He not has played in the hall.)
He Has not Played in the hall.
She Has not Taken care of her health.
It Has not Slept on the sofa.
They Have not Gotten late for school.
We Have not Spoken good English.
You Have not Told a story.
I Have not Watched T.V.
Yuri Has not Gone to school.

Structure of Interrogative Sentence:
Has + He/She/Singular noun + 3rd form of verb + Object?
Have + I/We/You/They/Plural noun + 3rd form of verb + Object?
Note: with ‘he, she, it, singular noun’ helping verb ‘has’ is used and with ‘I, we, you, they, plural noun’ helping verb ‘have’ is used.

Interrogative Sentences:
Helping Verb + Subject + III-Verb + Object?
(Has he played in the hall?)
Has He Played in the hall?
Has She Taken care of her health?
Has It Slept on the sofa?
Have They Gotten late for school?
Have We Spoken good English?
Have You Told a story?
Have I Watched T.V?
Has Jack Gone to school?

Previous Lesson | Next Lesson