The Young Miner

2015-10-15T22:11:00.001-07:00

/* Alias: Ydahal1
 Name: Yadhap Dahal
 CRN: 58053
 File Name: taxCalculator.java
 Description: this program  calculates the tax based on yearly earning and martial status and dependency */

import java.util.Scanner;

public class taxCalculator{
    public static void main(String [] args){
        
        //Import scanner
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        // display code for filing status and prompt user to enter their status
        System.out.print( "Enter 0, if you are filing Single " + "\nEnter 1, if you are married or qualifying widower" +
                         "\nEnter 2, if you are married but saperated " + "\nEnter 3, if you are filing as a head of household"
                         + "\n \nStatus:" );
        int status = input.nextInt();
        
        //Prompt user to enter annual taxable income
        System.out.print("Enter your annual income: ");
        double income = input.nextDouble();
        
        //variable
        double tax = 0;
        
        
        //If user status is 0
        if  (status == 0) {
            
            if (income <= 8350)
                tax = income * 0.10;
            
            else if (income <= 33950)
                tax = (8350 * 0.10 + (income - 8350) * 0.15);
            
            
            else if (income <= 82250)
                tax = ((8350 * 0.10) + ((income - 8350) * 0.15) + ((income - 33950) * 0.25));
            
            else if (income <= 171550)
                tax = 8350 * 0.10 + (income - 8351) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25 +
                (income - 82250) * 0.28;
            
            else if (income <= 372950)
                tax = 8350 * 0.10 + (income - 8351) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25 + (income - 82250) * 0.28 + (income - 171550) * 0.33;
            
            else
                tax = 8350 * 0.10 + (income - 8351) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25 + (income - 82250) * 0.28 + (income - 171550) + (income - 372950)* 0.35 + (income - 372950) * 0.35;
        }
        
        
        //If user status is 1
        else if (status == 1){
            
            
            if (income <= 16700)
                tax = income * 0.10;
            
            
            else if (income <= 67900)
                tax = (16700 * 0.10) + (income - 16700)* 0.15;
            
            else if (income <= 137050)
                tax = (16700 * 0.10) + (income - 16700)* 0.15 + (income - 67900) * 0.25;
            
            
            else if (income <= 208850)
                tax = (16700 * 0.10) + (income - 16700)* 0.15 + (income - 67900) * 0.25 +
                (income - 137050) * 0.28;
            
            
            else if (income <= 372950)
                tax = (16700 * 0.10) + (income - 16700)* 0.15 + (income - 67900) * 0.25 + (income - 137050) * 0.28 + (income - 208850) * 0.33;
            
            
            else if (income < 372950)
                tax = (16700 * 0.10) + (income - 16700)* 0.15 + (income - 67900) * 0.25 + (income - 137050) * 0.28 + (income - 208850) * 0.33 + (income - 372959) * 0.35;
        }
        
        // If status is 2
        else if (status == 2){
            if ( income <= 8350)
                tax = income * 0.10;
            
            else if ( income <= 33950)
                tax = (8350 * .10) + (income - 8350) * 0.15;
            
            else if ( income <= 68525)
                tax = (8350 * .10) + (income - 8350) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25;
            
            else if ( income <= 104425)
                tax = (8350 * .10) + (income - 8350) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25 + (income - 68525) * 0.28;
            
            else if ( income <= 186475)
                tax = (8350 * .10) + (income - 8350) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25 + (income - 68525) * 0.28 + (income - 104425) * 0.33;
            
            else
                tax = (8350 * .10) + (income - 8350) * 0.15 + (income - 33950) * 0.25 + (income - 68525) * 0.28 + (income - 104425) * 0.33 + (income - 186475) * 0.35;
            
        }
        
        // If status is 3
        else if (status == 3){
            
            if (income <= 11950)
                tax = income * 0.10;
            
            else if (income <= 45500)
                tax = (11950 * 0.10) + (income - 11950) * 0.15;
            
            else if (income <= 117450)
                tax = (11950 * 0.10) + (income - 11950) * 0.15 + (income - 45500) * 0.25;
            
            
            else if (income <= 190200)
                tax = (11950 * 0.10) + (income - 11950) * 0.15 + (income - 45500) * 0.25 + (income - 117450) * 0.28;
            
            else if (income <= 372950)
                tax = (11950 * 0.10) + (income - 11950) * 0.15 + (income - 45500) * 0.25 + (income - 117450) * 0.28 + (income - 190200) * 0.33;
            
            else 
                tax = (11950 * 0.10) + (income - 11950) * 0.15 + (income - 45500) * 0.25 + (income - 117450) * 0.28 + (income - 190200) * 0.33 + (income - 372950) * 0.35;
        }
        
        // if user enters invalid status
        else 
            System.out.print( "Invalid Status, Note :- Status should be either 0, 1, 2 or 3");
        
        // Results
        System.out.print( "Your Total Tax is: " + (int) (tax *100)/100.0 + 
                         "\nYour income after tax is " + (int)((income - tax)*1000)/100.00) ;
    }
    
}

CIS 3320

2014-10-11T07:33:00.002-07:00

1. The type of communication in which messages flow in only one direction, from source to destination
Full-duplex Communication
Simplex
Half-duplex Communication

2. Occurs when messege travels in both directions between the source and the destination, but only in one direction at one time
Simplex
Full-duplex Communication
HalF-duplex Communication

3. Messages can travel over the communication channel in both directions simultaneously
simplex
Half-duplex Communication
Full-duplex Communication

4. A single source sends information to a single destination
one-to- one Communication
One-to many Communication
Many-to-many Communication

5. A single source sends information to simultaneously to multiple destinations
One-to-one Communication
One-to-many Communication
Many-to-many Communication

6. Occurs when many sources issue message to many destinations simultaneously
One-to-one Communication
Many-to-many Communication
One-to-many Communication

7. Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that stipulate how a particular product or service should be designed or performed.
Standards
American National Standard
International Telecommunications Union

8. Ensures that the test results from one manufacturer can be accurately compared to other manufactures results.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Standards
Telecommunication Industry Association

9. : The ANSI is an organization with over thousand representative from industry and government who together determine standards for electronic industry. ANSI does not dictate that manufactures comply with their standards, but requests them to voluntary comply.
True
False

10. Electronic Industry Alliance is a trade organization composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firm across united states
True
False

Score =
Correct answers:

Ling Galleries

2014-10-01T15:16:00.001-07:00

Howard Ling is a famous artist with two galleries in Hawaii. Many of his paintings and prints are sold to tourists who visit Hawaii from Hong Kong and Japan. He paints 6–10 new paintings a year, which sell for $50,000 each. The real money comes from

the sales of prints; a popular painting will sell 1,000 prints at a retail price of $1,500 each. Some prints sell very quickly, while others do not. As an artist, Howard paints he wants to paint. As a businessman, Howard also wants to create art that sells well. Howard visits each gallery once a Kong and one in Tokyo How can the Internet help Howard with the two new galleries month to talk with clients, but enjoys talking with the gallery staff on a weekly basis to learn what visitors say about his work and to get ideas for future work. Howard has

Decided to open two new galleries

Howard can benefit form Internet in following ways:

Instead of physically vising his clients in Hong Kong and Tokyo, Howard can communicate with them using E-mail or have a face-to-face conversation using Skype.
Howard can use Internet to set up a website where he can post his paintings and ask people who buy his paintings to leave feedback. Howard will get first hand feedback from his real customers, which is better then getting feed back from the gallery staffs.
Howard can advertise about his galleries using Internet. Internet can help him reach his targeted customers from any corner of the world.
Howard can connect with his customers to build relationship and also to increase his business by using social networking sites.
Howard can research what kind of paintings people are buying in what part of the world. This will help him decide weather to display his painting in Hawaii, Hong Kong or Tokyo.
Howard can use Internet to price his paintings. He can do so by looking the price of his competitors at that particular area.
Howard can use Internet to provide contact information of his galleries, opening hours and driving directions to his customers.
Howard can use Internet to increase significance of his paintings. For example: he can post the pictures of his paintings on the galleries’ website and caption or describe them with stories or things he want people do not know about it. People will be willing to pay more for paintings if they carry special story or history.
Howard can sell his paintings to any person who is willing to buy, but is not able to physically come to his gallery. His customer can order using Internet, transfer money using Internet and all Howard has to do is ship the painting to his customer.
Howard can connect all of his 3 galleries online. If the customer from Tokyo does not like paintings that are available in gallery at Tokyo, they can check Howard’s galleries’ in Hong Kong and Hawaii. Internet can help Howard retain his customers.

Alpha Corp

2014-10-01T14:52:00.001-07:00

Iv. Alpha Corp

Alpha corp. is trying to decide the size of the connection It needs to the internet. The company estimates that it will send and receive a total of about 1000 emails per hour and that each email message is about 1500bytes in size. The company also estimates that it will send and receive a total of about 3000 web pages per hour and that each page it about 40,000 bytes in size.

1. Without considering transmission efficiency, how large an internet connection would you recommend in terms of bits per second (Assuming each bye is eight bits in length)?
2. Assuming they use a synchronous data link layer protocol with an efficiency of about 90% how large internet connection would you recommend?
3. Suppose Alpha wants to be sure that its internet connection will provide sufficient capacity the next two years. How large an internet connection would you recommend?

#s of email per hour = 1000

Size of 1 email = 1500 bytes

Size of 1000 emails = 1500*1000 = 1,500,000 bytes

1,500,000 bytes = 1,500,000 * 8 = 12,000,000 bits

#s of web pages per hour = 3000

Size of each web page = 40,000 bytes

Size of 3000 web pages = 3000 * 40,000 = 120,000,000 bytes

120,000,000 bytes = 120,000,000 * 8 = 960,000,000 bits

Alpha Corp’s hourly data transmission is = (960,000,000 + 12,000,000) bits = 972000000

1. Recommended speed for Alpha Corps i.e. - 972000000/ (60 * 60)
= 270000 bits per second
or 270 kbps

2. If the Efficiency is 90%, I would recommend (0.9*270000)
= 300,000 bits per second)
or 300 kbps
3. For 2 years = 300,000 *60*60*24*365*2
= 18,921,600,000,000 bits per second
= 8921600000 Kbps
= 2.3652 * 10^12 bytes

Persuasive presentation Analysis ( BCOM 3950 Carol Edelson's Class GSU )

2014-08-26T11:22:00.003-07:00

Background:

The purpose of my presentation was to persuade the Executives of T-mobile to let their employees telecommute. In order to persuade I had my presentation organized into three parts: introduction, body and the conclusion. I started my presentation explaining the Executives what telecommute means, and also provided with the examples of some companies who are currently letting their employees telecommute. I choose the indirect approach to persuade my audiences. It is because I thought my audience might be resistant or skeptical. In order to reduce any skepticism and to establish creditability I decided to produce the facts in the beginning from some trusted sources. I had two different data sets to start my presentation with. One of the data was from United States Bureau of Labor and the other was form Fortune Magazine. After introducing my topic I explained my audiences the benefits of telecommuting. At the end I summarized the benefits again.

Findings:

I watched the recording of my presentation three times. First, I watched the recording with the sound muted, to see how my gestures are. Secondly, I just listened the recording with my eyes closed. I did this to analyze my pace, pronunciation, clarity and the confidence in voice. Lastly, I watched the recording with the audio on. When I was watching the recording for the third time, I was focusing on whether my nonverbal elements are consistent with my message or not. Most Importantly, while was watching the recording each time, I was also comparing it with my previous presentations to see if there has been any improvement made.

· In my previous presentation I was touching my belt buckle a lot while speaking and I was touching my chin whenever I had to think of a specific word. Also, I failed utilize my space. I was working on these three things. I found out that there have been improvements made. In my recent presentation I was not confined to one place. I was walking and I did not touch my belt buckle or my chin.

· I was also working to maintain my pace. I found that there was only little improvement made. The presentation still seemed rushed like the previous one. I also found that some words could be hard for my audiences to understand if I do not maintain my pace. The presentation did not seem to be evenly distributed. For example: I spent most of my time introducing the topic and there was very little time left for explaining the main points. I found that I should spend more time explaining the main points to make the presentation effective.

· Watching the recording I found that my nonverbal elements were consistent with my message. The presentation did not sound like it was memorized or canned. It sounded completely conversational. Depending upon what I was saying there was variance in pitch, inflection and projection.

· Citing data form trusted sources made the presentation more credible.

Opportunities for improvement:

To ensure the message is delivered as desired, I have to maintain my pace in future.
In future while presenting, I have to prioritize my ideas and spend more time on the most important points.

Negative Message Email. (BCOM 3950 - Carol Edelson's Class )

2014-08-26T11:19:00.001-07:00

From: ydahal1@buycostumes.com

Date: November 09, 2013

To: Chris@yahoo.com

Subject: Request for reimbursement approved.

Dear Mr. King:

We would like to thank you for choosing BuyCostumes for your costumes needs. Our goal is to provide our costume enthusiast customers like you with the most complete selection, competitive prices, the best customer service and pleasurable shopping experience.

We are genuinely sorry to hear that the Gorilla Blinky Eye with Chest Costume you ordered was not delivered before your Halloween party as you had expected. As soon as we received your email we did a research to find out why that happened and also to insure that your issue is addressed promptly and accurately. Our research revealed that you placed an order on Saturday, October 26th that is exactly five days before Halloween. Your order was filled the next day at 5:00 am and was mailed to you with the mailing priority of your choice i.e. Standard. Since our standard shipping requires three to six days for delivery the costume was not delivered to you before Halloween. After a careful analysis we are glad to inform that we will be able to provide you with the full refund of $134.99 if the package is returned in its original packaging. We would also like to inform that BuyCostumes offers a priority shipping option, if you like to have your package delivered immediately in future

We appreciate your business with us and would want to continue fulfilling your costumes desire. As a courtesy we will send you a $20 off BuyCoustomes coupon, which you can use when you purchase any item of your choice from us.

Sincerely,

Your name

BuyCoustomes Inc

Manager, Customer Service.

(470) 331-3333

International Business Proposition: FDI in Argentina

2013-04-06T08:54:00.000-07:00

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Argentina (officially known as the Argentine Republic) is a country in South America. This Spanish-speaking nation shares its border with Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay. Argentina is the eighth largest country in the world, and also the largest among Spanish speaking nations. Argentine Pesos is the currency that the country uses as a medium of exchange. Like the US dollar, Argentine pesos are also sub-divided into 100 units. The hundredth part of an Argentine peso is called centavos. According to the World Bank Argentina’s population was 40.76 million in the year 2011.^[1] Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces. Its capital Buenos Aires is an autonomous city. The country operates with Federal Republican government. Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner is the current president. Argentina has Civil Law legal system. Constitution and civil law code are the two pillars of Argentina’s civil code. Spanish legal tradition, Brazilian civil code, Napoleonic code and the Chilean Civil Code have a great deal of influence over Argentina’s Legal system. ^[2]

Argentina’s economy is the Second largest economy in Latin America.^[3] The country has highly literate population. Its agriculture sector is export oriented and the country has a very diversified base in industrial sector. Argentina According to UNDP, scores very high in human development index and people over there live a high quality life.^[4]

Argentina’s GNI was last reported to be $ 397,095,833,507 by World Bank in 2011. ^[5]Data shows that Argentina has very consistent economy compared to its neighbors and many countries around the world. Its GNI per capita PPI was 17250 in 2011. ^[6]

Argentina is very rich in natural resources. Its geography and the climatic condition are perfect for agriculture, forestry, fishery and mining. According to World Bank 51.3 % of Argentina’s total land is suitable for farming. Mountains in Argentina have rich deposits of copper, tin lead, gold, uranium, zinc, silver etc. Argentina is adding a good figure in its GDP by mining these resources and exporting to the world. Argentina has successfully developed its labor force and other infrastructures like transportation and communication, which in return has helped the country to harness its natural resources and uplift its economy. Table below shows the different sectors of Argentina’s economy and the percentage of their contribution to nation’s economy.

Sources	Percentage
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing	9.7%
Mining	3.1%
Manufacturing	18.9%
Construction	5.3%
Commerce and Tourism	13.8%
Transport Communication and Utilities	8.2%
Finance Real Estate and Business Services	14.3%
Government	6.5%
Education, Health Care and Others	20.2%

Data obtained from Wikipedia

Argentina’s industrial sector is the biggest contributor to its GDP. This sector includes manufacturing and construction. Agriculture, which is the fourth largest contributor, is well integrated with Argentine manufacturing sector. More then half of country’s industrial export is agriculture related. Argentina’s major exports are vegetable oil, bio fuels, cereals, feed, etc. Argentina actively participates in foreign trade. Argentina exports goods and services mainly to South America, Europe, Asia and North America. Brazil, Chile, the US, Spain, China. As reported by National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina the total amount of export summed up to be $ 5,993 millions during 2012.

Export partner	Amount (in millions)
Brazil	3.1%
European Union	18.9%
China	5.3%
Chile	13.8%
USA	8.2%

Data obtained from “The observatory”

Argentina mainly imports machineries, Industrial supplies, equipment, automobiles, chemicals, metal, plastics, refined fuel, lubricants etc. Brazil, European Union, China, United States and Mexico are its major exporters. According to ‪National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina the amount of import during 2012 was $ 5,464 million. ^[7]

Argentina joined WTO in 1995; the year it was established. It is also one of the founding members of the United Nations in 1945. Argentina is a member of Bank for International Settlements (BIS), an international organization of 60 member countries aiming to “to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements.” Argentina is also associated with Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and organization with 36 member countries, which was established to “to develop and promote policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.” Other important organizations with which Argentina is associated with an aim to foster trade and investments are G-15, G-20 Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), etc. ^[8]

The agricultural industry in Argentina is export driven, Argentina suffers from inefficiencies of tools and machinery in the agricultural sector, Argentina has the second largest economy of any South American country, and it is growing.

The US business should increase their investment in companies that produce agricultural machineries and parts in Argentina. One of the main reasons to invest in such companies is because the country has exported oriented agriculture sector. Argentina’s agriculture is huge; it’s a world’s major producer of soybean, sunflowers, wheat, corn, Rice, potato, sugar cane etc. As stated earlier agriculture accounts about 13 percentage of Argentina’s GDP. Demand for Argentine soya bean has risen 250% over the past decade, and corn exports have increased by over 80%. ^[9] The biggest Argentine farmer’s association “ The Rural Society” estimates 37% growth in value of grains and other oilseeds.^[10] There is a growing demand of food because of the growing population. The emerging countries like china and African countries where population growth has outpaced food production are demanding more food.

Insufficiency of agriculture tools and machineries is thwarting Argentine agriculture sector from reaching its full potential. Argentina imports 50 and 25 percentage of its agriculture machineries from Brazil and the United States respectively. There is shortage of machinery and agricultural tool manufactures inside the country. ^[11]The existing manufactures (approx. 160) that produce variety of machineries do not have capacity to produce enough to full fill the market demand. These companies do not have high level of expertise and have to relay heavily on imported key parts and mechanisms. The other small local manufactures produces less sophisticated tools like sprayers, seeders and harvesters. But these manufactures are very small relative to the market size; they are family owned business and are concentrated in small geographic area.

Argentina has the second largest economy in South America. In past decade Argentina exhibited strong economic growth; the country doubled its gross domestic product. The average real growth was 7.2%. Unemployment fell from 20 percent (2002) to 8 percent. The level of poverty fell by half in last decade. ^[12] Due to the boom in prices of commodities, Argentina benefitted largely from its agriculture sector. The other reasons behind Argentina’s steady growth are the governments smart economic measures. The country keeps the value of currency low, which makes exports cheaper and imports expensive. Argentina welcomes foreign direct investments; the country enjoys a good relationship with foreign countries in terms of trade and investments. Investing constantly for the advancement of health and education is one of Argentine tradition. World Bank report shows that 6 percent of GDP is currently invested in education and culture and 9.5 percent in health. Argentina’s industrial sector, in recent years has experienced significant growth; automobile, textile and power companies are in raise. Export of wine increased by 323% in between 2003 and 2010 and now Argentina is the fifth largest wine producer in the world. ^[13]

The U.S has always been the one of the largest investor in Argentina’s economy. More then 500 U.S based companies in Argentina are currently employing over 155,000 people. ^[14]These existing companies have built a good reputation; 14 out of 50 of these U.S based companies are listed in “best places to work”. ^[15]Besides this, According to one of the largest Argentine newspaper “El Clarin,” many U.S companies are also in the list of most respected companies in Argentina. The reputation earned by the U.S based companies has paved a great path for Americans to initiate additional investment activities in Argentina.

The government of Argentina instigated a “non automatic import license system” in 2010. It was implemented so the country can have balanced trade by matching imports and exports. This license discourages Argentinians to import foreign products and encourages them to consume domestic products. Besides consuming products from inside the country, Argentinians consume a large percentage of products imported from Brazil. Argentina and Brazil are both the member MERCOSUR custom union. This union allows Brazilian Imports to enter Argentine market free of duty. Brazil and Argentina, the two economic giants who share a border have very close trade tides. Due to this reason it is very hard for a third country to enter their market. In order to benefit form Argentina’s mounting economy, the United States should make direct investment in Argentine companies. The local manufactures, lack of abundance capital and expertise are bound to limit their market in certain geographic areas. Investing in these companies will surge their production and expand their domestic market, and most importantly increases their strength to combat brazilin imports which is threatening their existence.

Bibliography

1. http://data.worldbank.org/country/argentina

2. http://www.arcaneknowledge.org/histpoli/commoncivil.htm

3. http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/10/25/guest-post-argentinas-gdp-is-bigger-than-colombias/#axzz2Kn94oLB2

4. http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi/

5. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.ATLS.CD

6. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD

7. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/argentina/import-prices

8. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-b.html

9. http://globalconnections.hsbc.com/global/en/articles/turning-green-into-gold

10. http://globalconnections.hsbc.com/global/en/articles/turning-green-into-gold

11. http://globalconnections.hsbc.com/global/en/articles/turning-green-into-gold

12. http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina/overview

13. http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina/overview

14. http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157233.htm

15. http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157233.htm

Bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility.

2013-04-05T19:37:00.000-07:00

On a cold winter night 29 year old Kitty Genovese was murdered in the Kew Gardens section of Queens, New York in three separate attacks. Kitty’s Genovese murder in an apartment complex and the witnesses’ reluctance to call the police to report the murder caught the attention of the people and the psychologist around the world. In the course of the investigation police found that at least 38 people had some knowledge that somebody was attacked. “For more than half an hour 38 respectable, law-abiding citizens in Queens watched a killer stalk and stab a woman in three separate attacks in Kew Gardens.”(March 27 1964, New York times, cited by Boston boomer on his blog, Confluence). Many witnessed Winston Moseley; murderer of Kitty coming back and forth to his car and torturing the victim. Nobody, but a lady called the police when she found Kitty was lying dead in the stairways. The news coverage on the front part of New York Times on March 27 1964 by Martin Gansberg made the case more sensational and eventually led to a ground breaking research on social Psychology and the discovery of new information about human behavior: bystander effect and the diffusion of responsibility.

After the Kitty’s murder became public and sensational many analyst including social scientists called it as inhumane and suggested the incidence as the alienation of others apathy. Social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané started this line of research in 1964. The main reason of the research was why no one stepped up to help Kitty though they heard her cry for help. The hypothesis resembled the case of kitty Genovese. Besides the findings when one of the witness admitted that she heard Kitty’s cry for help but she didn’t want to get involved and neglected it. In another face was no one saw the whole scenario of the murder. Some saw her just being chased and thought it was a mere argument between couples. Also when a lot of rooms were lighted in the complex the witnesses considered that the incident was seen by other people too; and thought that others might come for rescue or report the case to the emergency personnel.

To find out what exactly happened the psychologists Darley and Latane performed an experiment with the university students. About 59 students were called for the experiment and they were told that the experiment is about the main problems faced by the college students who live in the cities like New York. They were also told that to maintain the anonymity, they will be placed in a separate cabin and can communicate through intercom. This was actually a deception. The subjects were given a limited time to speak. After they expressed their experience the connection was cut off and they could only hear. When the experiment began after a while one of the participants starts to show signs of seizure, he speaks with a stammering voice and then falls crying for help. The microphone of the subject cuts off after the allotted time. The seizure was fake and prerecorded. To make it sound real the microphone was cut after the allotted time. The goal of the experiment was to measure the speed at which the participants inform the incident and how it varies when more than one people are watching the scene. (JOHN M. DARLEY BIBB LATANÉ, 1964)

The result matched the hypothesis. When the subject knew that he/she is the only one who knows about the incident 85% of them reported immediately. When there were more than one people who knew about the incident the rate of reporting decreased. It was only 31%. When they were asked why they didn’t come out to report, the subjects said that others would do it. So, because of the diffusion of responsibility the subjects knew if it is not reported they need not have to feel completely guilty.

The experiment had overhead microphones too. What was heard in the microphone made it obvious that many of the subjects wanted to help the person with seizure. Since the participants were also said that the experiment is a serious one and not to leave the cabin unless for a special reason; they thought it is insincere to disobey the rules. Here the authoritative power also came into play while in the real incident of Kitty Genovese such power was not existent. Since the constraints are not identical to the real scenario the outcome of the results are not totally credible. However like in the apartment’s room where the neighbors are debarred from communication so were the participants separated in the cabin. This condition has however increased the credibility of the experiment.

Unlawful Insider Trading – Insider Trading Sanction Act of 1984

2013-04-05T14:00:00.000-07:00

Professional and non-professional employees of accounting firms often have access to wide varity of private information. These private information may include corporate earnings, major accounting write-offs, income projections, proposed changes in dividend rates and information concerning mergers, acquisitions and tender etc. Trading this kind of confidential information is a violation of federal insider trading prohibitions. Accounting firms are encouraged to establish policies and procedures to prevent the wrong use of insider information. The senior partners and others with supervisory responsibility could be held responsible or liable if their employs violate insider-trading prohibitions.

President Ronald Regan signed the Insider Trading Sanctions Act in August 11, 1984. In the statement that followed President Regan said “The U.S. securities markets are the fairest in the world. Insider trading is the exception, not the rule. Nevertheless, abuses by insiders and those who receive their tips erode investor confidence in the securities markets. Public investors may be less willing to place their money at risk in securities if they believe that other traders, unlawfully utilizing material nonpublic information, have unfair advantages.”

Section 10(b) of Securities and Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 prohibits the unlawful use of insider’s information. Traditionally, the term insider includes the officers, directors, and controlling shareholders. This term has broadened over a course of time as employees of any department can access the personal information of company without much effort. It is unlawful insider trading if anyone form inside a company somehow gets or steals the non-public information and use it unlawfully.

Through Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984, Congress increased Both Civil and Criminal penalties for insider-trading substantially. There is always potential danger of unlawful insiders trading regardless of company’s size or the employee’s trustworthiness. It is always sensible for accounting firms to have reasonably effective compliance program to prevent insider trading, although there is no any law, which obliges the company to have such programs. Firms may be responsible for “reckless” performance if no reasonably sufficient procedures are taken to prevent unlawful trading.

It is hard to prove who particularly is responsible for insider trading, as many people in a company can have access to the same information. The traders may try to hide or use proxies to avoid emerging on surface and not to be caught. Sometimes the affect of insider trading may not be seen instantaneously and it will be hard to trace the origin when time laps. Despite of all these difficulties, the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission prosecutes over 50 cases each year. other Insider Trading frauds are settled administratively outside the courts.

Securities and exchange commission brings wide varity of cases against corporate officers, directors, and employees. These people are accused of trading corporation’s securities after they learn significant corporate development. Friends, business associates, family members, employee of law, banking, brokerage and printing firms who are given the responsibility or printing confidential information take advantage and trade information for personal benefits. Government employees like auditors, inspectors and tax employees also have access to the confidential information because of the nature of their employment

On May 2002, the president of the American Greetings Corporation Edward Fruchtenbaum was accused of unlawful trading. Mr. Fruchtenbaum sold company’s stock while he had confidential information regarding earning seatbacks of company and thus made an unlawful profit od $490,625.

In December 1998, when Fruchtenbaum knew the company faced “a large earnings shortfall,“ he sold 30,000 shares of American Greetings with out telling his executives. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission Mr. Frutchtenbaum bought 30,000 Shares for $ 19.25 to $29.50 and sold them for $40 to $ 41.63 a share.

On 2002 United States District court for the Northern District of Ohio issued a judgment that ordered Mr. Frutchtenbaum pay disgorgement of $79,437, prejudgment interest of $28,711, and a civil penalty of $238,311, for a total of $346,459; and prohibits him from serving as an officer or director of a publicly held company for five years.
United States V. Carpenter case is another notable cases that dealt with insider trading. The defendant of this case did not get information directly from the company, instead he received information form a journalist. He was cited for unanimously upholding mails and wire frauds. The journalist R. Foster who gave the information to the defendant was also convicted. This is an example of temporary insider trading rather then traditional.

Some of the economists and legal scholars argue that the laws making insider trading illegal should be revoked. Milton Friedman said: "You want more insider trading, not less. You want to give the people most likely to have knowledge about deficiencies of the company an incentive to make the public aware of that." Anyone who is paying attention can figure out that something is wrong with a company if the corporate executive is trying to unload the stocks of their own company. Other critics argue that there is no victim when a seller is willing to trade the property that he lawfully owns and the laws that makes insider trading should be revoked.

Unlawful insider trading increases liability and demolishes the goodwill of the company. It also raise the cost of capital for securities issuers, thus decreasing overall economic growth. In order to avoid this misfortune, it is very crucial for accounting firms to develop some policies. These policies and procedures could vary from one firm to other. The size of the firm, the nature of its business, its practice, and attitude about insider trading are some basic determinants while considering such policies. If the firm has prior problems with insider trading, the company should consider such policy-making process even more seriously.

There are some basic compliance programs for the prevention of insider trading that are suitable for wide varity of firms. Developing and communicating clear guidelines on insider trading through a policy statement is the first step. All traditional insiders and temporary insiders like lawyers, investment bankers and accountants should be informed about the prohibitions against insider trading. Prohibitions imposed by AICPA and other federal statuses are to be clearly explained in policies in very simple language. The policies should also explain about the prohibitions against trading and tipping material and non-public information. It is also crucial that policies include the potential consequences if these prohibitions are violated. Another very effective action would be formulation of policies, which will reward the employee who give the tip of unlawful insider trading. The list of designated person within the firm and their contact information should be listed in the policy of the company.

Bibliography:

1. "Statement on Signing the Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984 August 11, 1984." American Reference Library - Primary Source Documents (2001): 1. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 12 Oct. 2011.

2. Upda, Suneel. "Accounting firm policies and procedures to prevent insider trading abuses." Ohio CPA Journal 55.4 (1996): 29. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 12 Oct. 2011.

3. "Executive Accused in Stock Sale." New York Times 03 May 2002: 14. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 12 Oct. 2011.

4. "Edward Fruchtenbaum: Lit. Rel. No. 18250 / July 25, 2003." U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.

Introduction to Film / Discussions

2013-04-05T12:27:00.000-07:00

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The General

The most interesting thing that I learned form chapter one is the role of a director. I used to think that the Producers, actors and the scriptwriters were the most hardworking people to make the film possible. I thought that the directors are not required in every step of film making process, which I found was completely untrue. I used to think the person who should be credited most for the success of a film is an author. I was astonished to learn that directors or other reviewers may be considered as the author of a movie although they just modify the script to make it better.
           The idea of Ancillary market really fascinated me. Releasing the movies in different forms one after another to generate maximum returns sounds just so clever. It’s so much of permutation, combination and research. The idea of Ancillary market had never struck my mind before.
           I don't watch so much of movies. The last one I watched was “Avatar” some months ago. The technologies used in filming “The General” and “Avatar” cannot be compared. The film industry technology has highly advanced over this time. “Avatar” is a 3D movie where every thing that appears in the screen looks real. The story is also so advanced. I think there is no any common technology used in making   “Avatar” and “The General" .
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His Girl Friday:

His girl Friday is one of the best old movies ever seen. I found the movie breath taking, fast paced full of superb dialogues and wonderful comedy. I found Rosalind Russell’s character the most interesting in the movie. She had played the perfect role of strong, intelligent and influential women. Cary Grant on the other hand has given his best. He’s perfectly played the role of a wily editor. Although the movie had a love story from the start to the end, it rarely appeared in the surface; it was all covered with comedy. Billy Gilbert’s role as an obedient husband was another thing that fascinated me. I loved the story line. Although this movie was released 71 years ago, it still looks young and captivating.

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Citizen Kane:

Citizen Kane is one of the sophisticated and classic masterpieces I have seen till date. I discovered that Citizen Kane is one of the highly rated movies. I loved the narration style in the movie. Unlike in other movies different narrators narrate different plots of this movie. I never thought that just changing the narration style could bring so much of difference in the movie. The theme of the movie is simple and true; money cannot buy everything. Although Kane had too much wealth he was deprived of the basic need that every human need “Love”. The flashback technique used to tell the story was incredible; it made the movie out stand for others.

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The Night of the Hunter:

Another black and white movie, I was frustrated when I begun watching the movie. But as the film started playing my frustration vanished instantly. I thoroughly enjoyed the movie from the start to the end. I found the very start of the movie really captivating. When Ms. copper said “ do you remember children how I told you about the good lord …” I felt like I am picking up a novel and starting where I had left.
“The Night of the Hunter” has a mysterious and suspenseful story. The black and white color of the film has perfectly matched the storyline. I think the mysteriousness and the suspense of this story would have less effect if the film was shot in color.
The lighting and shade effect in the movie was really fabulous. Mr. Powell is shown in dark in most of the scenes. The dark lighting upon Mr. Powell keeps us reminding that he is an evil character and what he is going to do is bad.
The sound effects were great too. The foot steps against the wood of Harper house, the random animal noises, and the splashing sound of the water has noticeably added thrill in the movie.
The theme song was great. Although the song had the same words, it seem to carry different meaning when sang by two different characters. When Mr. Powell is shown singing this song he is always in shadows or somewhere away from camera. The song sounds harsh and thrilling in Powell’s voice. When Ms. Copper sings the same song it sounds so appealing and melodious.
The movie is full of great shots. I wonder how hard each of the crew members worked to create this masterpiece.
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North By North West:

“North by Northwest” is one of the outstanding suspense movie I have ever seen. The movies made so many twists and turns; it made me guess what is going to happen next. Almost all the time I failed to make the right guess.
The movie has a rich cinematography. The lighting effects and the sound effects made the suspense more profound. The movie was full of impressive shots. I read the chapter before and tried to concentrate on the key things like camera angels, camera distance and cinematography in the movie. The camera angels and the camera distance were eminent; I figured some with my unskilled eye too. For example the conversation between Thornhill and Townsend was captured in medium shots. The gestures and the facial expression of Thornhill and Townsend were clearly visible. The camera did not moved. It was fixed in a distance with out moving and isolating the background. This helps the viewers to watch their conversation with out any interruption.
The movie was great. I enjoyed it.

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Breathless:

I am used to watching movies with subtitles as I watch lot of foreign movies and documentaries. The language in the movie did not really made me hard to understand; I enjoyed the movie form top to the bottom. The storyline was simple to understand and it resembles many Bollywood movies.
           Michel is a car thief. He was driving to Paris in a stolen car. He was stopped for speeding, but Michel managed to escape form the policeman by killing him. The purpose of his visit was to collect money form his friend and to see a girl called Patricia. Michel is shown to be a confident thief. He steels car whenever he needs one with out any hardships. Although Patricia wants Michel to love her, she denies sleeping together. Michel who was a dangerous to others did not hurt Patricia even when she slaps him from time to time. The unbelievable thing in the movie was Patricia helping Michel even after she discovered he was a murderer.
           This movie uses lot of jump cuts. The movies have not shown every bit of action; instead it shows what is important. After Michel kills the policeman he is shown in Paris. The movie does not show how he managed to get there.
           The editing technique used in this movie is what it made outstanding. The plot includes action scenes but they are severely cut. These actions last for only couple of seconds; blink your eyes and they are gone. Unlike other movies the conversations are longer then the actions. One single conversation I noticed was longer then 20 minutes. I am wondering why I was not bored watching a movie that has a 20-minute conversation and 4 second action scenes. Brilliantly directed movie.

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Do the Right Thing:

Do you typically read film reviews before you decide whether or not to see a film? Do you tend to agree with 'film critics' or is there a specific critic that you follow? Do you think that, as a movie-going society at large, we give weight to critical praise when deciding to see a film?

I typically do not read film reviews before deciding whether or not to watch the film. The main reason I do not read reviews is because they tend to make me bias and it consumes times. I do not watch trailer either. Almost all the time the trailers are good, but when we go to watch movie, the movies are not good. Usually i listen to my friends and families. If they say the movie is good i watch them and if they say its not good i avoid it.

I love the the movie “Do the Right Thing” as it is based on the existing social problem.The language was vulgar but it made the movie look more real. The Lighting effects and the bright colors used in the movie to make the day look hot has really worked. I felt the warmth of the heat while watching the movie. Although there are many movies based on racial injustice, this movie stands out as it has not blamed a race for the misfortune that happened. Any one can be good or bad regard less of the color of skin. Overall the movie is pretty good because of the message that it has carried.

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Chapter 12

Chapter 12 was great. It wrapped up almost everything that we learned this semester. I never know Edison helped in the the development of the classical Hollywood cinema. I never heard that Edison was a business man before. I learned lot of new things about The German Expressionism, French Impression and Soviet Montage. This chapter also explains how the French New Wave influenced Hollywood film Industry.

The Independent film making has developed a lot since 1960’s. Looking at the history of independent movies we can conclude that they will surely gain more notoriety in future, but the fact is that they cannot compete the major studios.

Modern viewers seem to like the fictional and animated movies. I think Hollywood film industry will come out with those kind of film more often in future. Hollywood is the largest film industry in the world. Hollywood will remain in the top always influencing other film industries all around the world.

Foreign films are not making a big break into the American film market right now, but we should not forget that Hollywood has close competitors. India is the largest producer of films in the world. After “Slum Dog Millionaire” won the Oscar, the interest of foreign audiences has increased towards Bollywood movies. Hong kong is the film making hub for Chinese speaking world. As the population of Chinese speaking population dominates other population, Hollywood film industry should take Hong Kong fim industry as one of its major threat.

This course has surely changed the way i watch movies. I used to watch movies plainly before. Now the things like camera distances, Camera angels, lighting, genres etc. plays in my mind while i am watching any movie.

The most interesting thing this semester was a movie making project. I really enjoyed it and learned great deal of things while doing that project. The bad thing about the course was, the book was too big and the course was too short. I had to work so hard not to miss assignments. The book was great, but due to limited time I did not reached its depth.

Lutheran Service of Gerogia( LSG) Revenue Enhancement

2013-04-05T10:12:00.000-07:00

Lutheran service of Georgia is a Charitable & Civic Organizations agency established in 1981. Its central office is located in Baltimore Maryland. Lutheran services of Georgia have served and helped to transform the life of refugees for over 30 years and is located in downtown Atlanta. This organization have close connection to my personal life, three years ago this organization had helped me begin a new life in this country. Lutheran service of Georgia helps in finding employment provides ESL classes to those who don’t have the English background and many beneficial programs for the immigrants. LSG basically deals with newly immigrated, and makes them independent by getting them a job. In the 30 years stint LSG has resettled over 7200 families.

Lutheran Services of Georgia (LSG) is a nonprofit organization its funding is done by churches and other organizations like UNHCR and Red Cross, partial of its funding is done by the US government. Revenue of LSG is determined by the number of families they resettle.

In 2008 refugees family services; an organization that supervise all the resettlement agencies rated LSG as the most helpful and successful resettlement organization in Georgia. Till the end of 2008 the status of LSG was strong, their income by resettling the refugees was huge; however, due to the weak management, its status as most desired organization hit the rock bottom in the year 2009, consequently decreasing their revenue. LSG was not doing all the duties it was supposed to be doing. Actually, LSG was supposed find an apartment, pay their rent for 4 months and find a job for at least one member in a house hold. Often times LSG was found to be misusing the funds and making the newly arrived refugees suffer. Besides this, reluctance of providing basic necessities of refugees like, job, housing, and transportation in an efficient way was the main cause of its failure. When the negligence of LSG came on media, Many refugees denied to be brought to the United States under the Care of LSG, which created the loop of failure.

As per the data base presented by UNHCR 1 in 32 people in the world is a refugee due to war, religious issues, and environmental causes. United State tries to emancipate the refugees and give a better life in the United States. Responsibility of settling the refugees is handed to the organizations like the LSG, therefore room for charitable organization like LSG to grow is enough and the revenue it can earn from it is huge

According to the report of the refugee family services LSG gets 10,000 dollars for the individual family they anchor. Once the family is settled and is able to support themselves final 3500 dollars is provided out of which 500 dollars goes to the individual family leaving the total revenue of 13000 per family to LSG. (A new family will be able to support themselves within 4 months). In an average LSG resettles 20 families per month from different parts of the world. With the average of 20 families per month, LSG earns 260,000 dollars per month. If LSG improved its service and give people any kind of job as fast as possible it will certainly increase the flow of refugees which consequently increases its revenue.

The main source of revenue for LSG is the number of family it successfully resettles; therefore, LSG has to segment the market to make the LSG as the most desired organization for resettling the refugees.

· First and the foremost thing they have to do is to make a good relation with the companies who can hire their clients. If LSG is able to get job for all the capable refugees it is going to attract more refugees who want to be under the care of LSG.

· Only 30 percent of refugees who come to the United States can communicate in English, starting an English language class is the best way to make refugees independent. Presently English language classes are outsourced; LSG pays other schools for accommodation their clients. If LSG would begin its own English as Second language other charitable organization would allocate funds to LSG.

· “Get what it takes to get a job”. This is true, every individual has to have some skills to perform a job before they are hired; therefore LSG can begin Training programs like the HVAC, Automotive, commercial driving and CNA programs for boys and girls. Having some kind of skill expedites the process of being independent.

The only way to increase its revenue is to get some more clients, if LSG could provide exceptional services its revenue will increase drastically. Finding employment, starting the ESL classes, and beginning the training programs to make refugee skilled is the best way to increase its revenue

EC Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:53:00.001-08:00

1.

According to Copernicus, retrograde motion for Venus must occur around

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	inferior conjunction, when it passes between us and the Sun.
B.	quadrature, when the planet is 90 degrees away from the Sun.
C.	opposition, when the planet lies opposite the Sun in the sky.
D.	superior conjunction, when the planet is on the far side of the Sun.
E.	greatest elongation, when the planet is farthest from the Sun.

2.

Which wave will travel in a vacuum ?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Sound waves
B.	water wave
C.	X-ray
D.	No wave can

3.

Since the difference in energy between the different rotational states in a
molecule is very small, many molecular lines can be observed with:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	high energy observatories like Chandra, in orbit above our atmosphere.
B.	ultraviolet balloons flying above the ozone layer.
C.	infrared telescopes on mountaintops.
D.	visible light spectrometers.
E.	radio or microwave telescopes.	100%

Score:

0.75/0.75

4.

When the Moon is directly opposite the Sun in the sky, its phase is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	waxing or waning crescent
B.	first or third quarter.
C.	new.
D.	waxing or waning gibbous.
E.	full.	100%

Score:

0.75/0.75

5.

In astronomy, an interferometer can be used to

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	speed up the processing of CCD images
B.	improve the angular resolution of radio telescopes	100%
C.	yield better seeing conditions with optical telescopes
D.	decrease the effects of light pollution in getting darker sky backgrounds
E.	increase the sensitivity of infrared telescopes to longer wavelengths

Score:

0.75/0.75

6.

According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, if the Moon were three times further from Earth, the force by Earth on the Moon would

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	decrease by a factor of 3.
B.	decrease by a factor of 9.	100%
C.	increase by a factor of 9.
D.	increase by a factor of 3.
E.	stay the same.

Score:

0.75/0.75

7.

What is the line of nodes ?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The line connecting the earth and the sun
B.	The junction between the ecliptic and the moon rotation plane	100%
C.	The plane where the moon rotates
D.	The line connecting the moon and the earth

Score:

0.75/0.75

8.

Which statement about Right Ascension is FALSE?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Each hour is equal to 15 degrees of sky.
B.	Its origin is the Vernal Equinox.
C.	It is very similar to latitude on the Earth.	100%
D.	It is measured eastward in units of time.
E.	It turns the sky into a vast 24 hour clock face.

Score:

0.75/0.75

9.

Which of the following is the reason for the solar day being longer than a sidereal day?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	precession of Earth's axis
B.	the non-circular orbit of Earth around the Sun
C.	the combined effect of the rotation of Earth and its orbit about the Sun	100%
D.	the tilt of Earth's axis
E.	Earth year being a non-integer number of Earth days

Score:

0.75/0.75

10.

Hydrogen in the interstellar media ( gas that is in the empty space between star) emits a .....................spetrum

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	emission
B.	Continous	0%
C.	absorption

Score:

0/0.75

11.

Which statement about the length of a day is FALSE?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	At the equator, every day is twelve hours long, then twelve hours of night.
B.	For the United States, June 21st will be the longest day.
C.	The solar day is four minutes longer than the sidereal one.
D.	The sidereal day includes both the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun.	100%
E.	At the North Pole, the day lasts six months, then six months of night.

Score:

0.75/0.75

12.

According to Copernicus, the retrograde motion for Mars must occur

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	at inferior conjunction, when Mars laps the earth and passes between us and the Sun.
B.	at greatest elongation, when Mars can get up to 47 degrees from the Sun.
C.	at opposition, when the earth overtakes Mars and passes between Mars and the Sun.	100%
D.	at superior conjunction, when Mars lies on the far side of the Sun.
E.	at quadrature, when Mars lies exactly 90 degrees east or west of the Sun.

Score:

0.75/0.75

13.

An incandescent light (glowing tungsten filament) produces:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	an emission spectrum, with bright lines due to ionized tungsten.
B.	a continuum, with bright tungsten lines added.
C.	an absorption spectrum, with dark lines due to the solid filament.
D.	a continuous spectrum, with the peak giving the temperature of the filament.	100%
E.	a continuum, with dark lines of tungsten and argon as well.

Score:

0.75/0.75

14.

A fatal flaw with Ptolemy's model is its inability to predict the observed phases of

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Mercury and Venus.	100%
B.	Mars and Jupiter.
C.	Jupiter and Saturn.
D.	the Moon in its monthly cycle.
E.	the Sun during an eclipse.

Score:

0.75/0.75

15.

Which of the choices below correctly lists things in order from largest to smallest?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Solar System, Local Group, Universe, Milky Way
B.	Universe, Milky Way, Local Group, Solar System
C.	Milky Way, Universe, Solar System, Local Group
D.	Local Group, Solar System, Milky Way, Universe
E.	Universe, Local Group, Milky Way, Solar System	100%

Score:

0.75/0.75

16.

Some type of solar eclipse will happen about:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	every year at new moon.
B.	every month at new moon.
C.	every month at full moon.
D.	every week at full moon.
E.	about every six months at new moon.	100%

Score:

0.75/0.75

17.

Which was a contribution to astronomy made by Copernicus?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	His theory of gravity accounted for the variable speeds of the planets.
B.	His telescope revealed the four moons of Jupiter, a model solar system.
C.	He discovered the Sun was not at the center of the Milky Way.
D.	He laid out the order and relative motion of the known solar system.	100%
E.	The planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.

Score:

0.75/0.75

18.

Which of the following type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	ultraviolet
B.	X-ray	100%
C.	visible
D.	radio
E.	infrared

Score:

0.75/0.75

19.

Our calendar has leap years because

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	there is a difference between a sidereal year and a tropical year.
B.	there is one more sidereal day in a year than solar days.
C.	a tropical year is slightly more than 365 days.	100%
D.	the perihelion of Earth's orbit is slowly advancing.

Score:

0.75/0.75

20.

The force of gravity is an inverse square law. This means that, if you double the distance between two large masses, the gravitational force between them

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	also doubles.
B.	weakens by a factor of 4.	100%
C.	weakens by a factor of 2.
D.	strengthens by a factor of 4.
E.	is unaffected.

Score:

0.75/0.75

quiz 4 Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:52:00.001-08:00

1.

Which planet by itself contains the majority of mass of all the planets?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Uranus
B.	Jupiter	100%
C.	the earth
D.	Saturn
E.	Venus

Score:

1/1

2.

What is true about solar system densities?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Planetary density increases with increasing distance from the Sun.
B.	The denser planets lie closer to the Sun.	100%
C.	The asteroids all have about the same density.
D.	Saturn has the same density as water.
E.	In differentiated bodies, the denser materials lie near their surfaces.

Score:

1/1

3.

Masses of the planets are easiest to determine if:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	they are terrestrial and the extra size of the planet's disk can be measured.
B.	they move rapidly and their periods are easily measured.
C.	they are dense and easily deflect the path of passing spacecraft.
D.	they have natural satellites whose motions can be precisely measured.	100%
E.	they are jovian and their oblateness can be found.

Score:

1/1

4.

Which of these bodies has the lowest density?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	an asteroid
B.	Saturn
C.	a comet	100%
D.	Kuiper Belt objects
E.	Jupiter

Score:

1/1

5.

The plane in which almost all planets orbit the sun is called the:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	node.
B.	equant.
C.	ecliptic.	100%
D.	galactic plane.
E.	equator of the solar system.

Score:

1/1

6.

Mercury's most unusual orbital feature, as compared to the other planets, is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the shape of its orbit.	100%
B.	its orbital period.
C.	that it has no moons.
D.	the size of the planet.
E.	the size of its orbit.

Score:

1/1

7.

How do the densities of the jovian and terrestrial planets compare?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The closer a planet lies to the Sun, the less its density.
B.	Made from the same solar nebula, they are all similar.
C.	More massive jovians all have high densities, compared to the tiny terrestrials.
D.	All terrestrials are more dense than any of the jovians.	100%
E.	No real pattern here; densities vary greatly and are very individual to each world.

Score:

1/1

8.

Which of the following are the Jovian planets?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only	100%
B.	Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
C.	only Jupiter and Saturn
D.	everything past Mars and the asteroid belt
E.	only Jupiter

Score:

1/1

9.

Which characteristic listed below describes the jovian planets?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	small masses
B.	solid surfaces
C.	low density	100%
D.	close to the Sun
E.	slow rotational period

Score:

1/1

10.

The jovian planets

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	all spin slower than the earth.
B.	are all much more dense than any of the terrestrials planets.
C.	have satellite systems with less than 4 moons.
D.	all have rings around their equators.	100%
E.	all lie less than 5 AU from the Sun.

Score:

1/1

11.

The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter
B.	beyond the orbit of Neptune	100%
C.	between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus
D.	between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
E.	among the orbits of the terrestrial planets

Score:

1/1

12.

In composition and density, the asteroids most resemble:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Kuiper Belt objects like Pluto.
B.	the Sun.
C.	pieces of terrestrial planets.	100%
D.	jovian moons.
E.	comets.

Score:

1/1

13.

The smallest sort of interplanetary matter is called

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	a comet.
B.	an asteroid.
C.	interplanetary dust.	100%
D.	a meteoroid.
E.	a Kuiper Belt Object.

Score:

1/1

14.

Which of the following is not icy in composition?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Kuiper Belt Objects
B.	asteroids	100%
C.	the polar cap of Mars
D.	most Jovian satellites
E.	comet nuclei

Score:

1/1

15.

A meteorite is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	a streak of light in the atmosphere.
B.	an icy body with a long tail extending from it.
C.	a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground.	100%
D.	a chunk of space debris orbiting the Earth.
E.	an irregularly shaped body, mostly found orbiting between Mars and Jupiter.

Score:

1/1

16.

The tail of a comet always points

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	toward the Sun and disappears at perihelion.
B.	toward Earth and never varies.
C.	away from the Sun and disappears at perihelion.
D.	in the direction of the comet's motion.
E.	away from the Sun and becomes longest and brightest at perihelion.	100%

Score:

1/1

17.

Which objects in the solar system have been least modified since the formation of the solar system?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Kuiper Belt objects	100%
B.	jovian moons
C.	terrestrial planets
D.	asteroids
E.	meteoroids

Score:

1/1

18.

As the solar nebula contracts due to gravitation, the cloud

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	becomes more spherical in shape.
B.	begins to cool.
C.	spins faster.	100%
D.	changes direction of motion.
E.	expands.

Score:

1/1

19.

The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	among the orbits of the terrestrial planets
B.	between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus
C.	between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
D.	beyond the orbit of Neptune	100%
E.	sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter

Score:

1/1

20.

What might have made the original solar nebula begin to contract?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the Big Bang
B.	the formation of our arm of the Milky Way
C.	interstellar magnetism generated by pulsars
D.	the shock wave from a nearby exploding star	100%
E.	the large amount of angular momentum in the nebula

Score:

1/1

21.

Dust is an important part of the nebular theory of solar system formation because dust is needed to explain

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	how the inner planets came to be rocky bodies.	100%
B.	how the initial cloud heated as it contracted.
C.	how the outer planets came to be gaseous bodies.
D.	how the initial cloud cooled enough to collapse.
E.	why the icy bodies are located so far from the Sun.

Score:

1/1

22.

What phase of planet formation caused the jovian planets to form?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	differentiation
B.	fragmentation
C.	condensation
D.	core-accretion
E.	collision	0%

Score:

0/1

quiz 5 Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:51:00.001-08:00

1.

The crust of the Earth is covered by about ________ water in the hydrosphere.

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	60%
B.	80%
C.	70%	100%
D.	50%
E.	90%

Score:

1/1

2.

Compared to the density of water, our Earth averages:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	about 10 times denser, due to our core of iron and nickel.
B.	about 5 times denser, like the Mercury and Venus.	100%
C.	about the same density, similar to Saturn.
D.	about 4 times denser, similar to Mars.
E.	about 3 times denser, much like our Moon.

Score:

1/1

3.

From the center outward, the correct order is:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	molten metal hydrosphere, molten rock lithosphere, solid silicate crust.
B.	solid rock core, liquid metal mantle, solid rock crust.
C.	solid metal core, molten metal hydrosphere, rocky lithosphere, gases in atmosphere.
D.	solid metallic inner core, molten metal outer core, silicate mantle and crust.	100%
E.	liquid iron inner core, solid nickel outer core, rocky mantle, silicate crust.

Score:

1/1

4.

What gas is the primary constituent of our atmosphere?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	nitrogen	100%
B.	carbon dioxide
C.	oxygen
D.	helium
E.	hydrogen

Score:

1/1

5.

Which major atmospheric component is chiefly a product of life processes?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	water
B.	nitrogen
C.	carbon dioxide
D.	oxygen	100%
E.	hydrogen sulfide

Score:

1/1

6.

In what part of our atmosphere do we live?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	mesosphere
B.	troposphere	100%
C.	exosphere
D.	stratosphere
E.	ionosphere

Score:

1/1

7.

Above about 100 km, the high-energy portion of the Sun's radiation spectrum breaks down molecules into atoms. What is this part of Earth's atmosphere called?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the troposphere
B.	the mesosphere
C.	the stratosphere
D.	the magnetosphere
E.	the ionosphere	100%

Score:

1/1

8.

The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	sulfuric acid vapor and carbon dioxide.
B.	hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide.
C.	methane and ammonia.
D.	hydrogen and helium.
E.	water vapor and carbon dioxide.	100%

Score:

1/1

9.

The Greenhouse Effect works by trapping

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth.	100%
B.	incoming ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
C.	incoming infrared radiation from the Sun.
D.	the heat from the Sun in Earth's atmosphere.
E.	outgoing ultraviolet radiation from the Earth.

Score:

1/1

10.

Why is the sky blue?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the atmosphere scatters the light from the Sun
B.	the atmosphere reflects the color of the oceans
C.	the oceans reflect the light from the Sun into the atmosphere	0%
D.	the atmosphere reflects the light from the Sun
E.	the oceans refract the light from the Sun into the atmosphere

Score:

0/1

11.

Seismic waves are most useful for mapping:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the density of the hydrosphere.
B.	the surface of Venus with Magellan.
C.	the Earth's core and mantle.	100%
D.	the depths of the oceans.
E.	the surface of Mars with Global Surveyor.

Score:

1/1

12.

Earth's magnetic field:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	lines intersect the atmosphere at the equator.
B.	prevents charged particles in the solar wind from reaching the surface.	100%
C.	is the force behind plate tectonics.
D.	is weakening the Van Allen radiation belts.
E.	is a remnant of the solar nebula's magnetic field.

Score:

1/1

13.

In noting that our world is "differentiated," we mean that:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the Earth's magnetic field is different now in polarity than it was 700,000 years ago.
B.	radioactive heating in the core is at a slower pace than when the Earth was new.
C.	the Earth has evolved in a different pattern than any other planet.
D.	the iron and nickel core is denser than the silicate mantle and crust.	100%
E.	the density of its materials decreases as you go downward toward the core.

Score:

1/1

14.

When two tectonic plates collide:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	they always produce high mountain chains like the Himalayas.
B.	they continue moving, producing a variety of large deformations.	100%
C.	they both stop moving.
D.	volcanoes always mark the boundary between them.
E.	that region is safe from earthquakes now the plates are fixed.

Score:

1/1

15.

When strong solar winds are displaced poleward by our magnetic fields, we get:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the Van Allen radiation belts.
B.	intense auroral displays.	100%
C.	hurricanes in the tropics.
D.	droughts and dust bowls in the American West.
E.	sunspots.

Score:

1/1

16.

The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	exosphere.
B.	Van Allen Radiation Belts.	100%
C.	aurora borealis and aurstralis.
D.	ozone layer.
E.	corona.

Score:

1/1

17.

The presence of a magnetic field is a good indication that:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the Earth's interior is similar to Mercury's, as both have fields.
B.	a huge iron meteorite lies somewhere high up in the mantle, not in the core.
C.	the Earth's interior must be completely molten to the center.
D.	the Earth's interior has had time to solidify, with a rigid bar magnet created.
E.	we have a liquid metal outer core, spinning rapidly as we rotate.	100%

Score:

1/1

18.

What is true of spring tides?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The difference between low and high tides would be greatest.	100%
B.	The third quarter Moon would be high overhead at dawn.
C.	The Moon's phase will be first quarter.
D.	There would be one high and one low tide each day.
E.	The difference between low and high tides would be smallest.

Score:

1/1

19.

At what phase would tidal variation be the least during the entire day?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	waxing gibbous
B.	full moon
C.	waning crescent
D.	new moon
E.	first quarter	100%

Score:

1/1

20.

Why is the tide due to the sun smaller than the tides due to the moon

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	because the sun is made of gases which produce no tide.
B.	because the the sun gravity cancel the tidal force
C.	because the sun is further away from earth than the moon	100%
D.	because the sun has more mass than the moon

Score:

1/1

quiz 6 Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:49:00.001-08:00

1.

What is the reason that it is so difficult to view Mercury from Earth?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Mercury can't be seen at night.
B.	Mercury is always very close to the Sun.	100%
C.	Mercury is very dim.
D.	Mercury is very small.
E.	Mercury is often hidden by the Moon.

Score:

1/1

2.

Mercury experiences extreme high and low temperatures between night and day because:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Mercury has no axial tilt, with its equator always exposed to direct sunlight.
B.	its dense atmosphere creates a runaway greenhouse.
C.	it has no atmosphere to moderate temperatures over the globe.	100%
D.	its oceans are much hotter than ours.
E.	it is so close to the Sun.

Score:

1/1

3.

How do the atmospheres of the Moon and Mercury compare?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The cooler Moon retains a thicker nitrogen atmosphere.
B.	As no spacecraft has yet landed there, no information exists about Mercury's.
C.	They are about equal, each only 1% as dense as ours.
D.	Mercury's is much denser, like Venus, with much carbon dioxide.
E.	Neither body has a permanent atmosphere.	100%

Score:

1/1

4.

One of the effects of Mercury's very slow spin is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	large variations in the size of its polar cap.
B.	wind patterns that are slow, but global in size.
C.	tectonic activity.
D.	extreme variations in its surface temperature.	100%
E.	an intensely powerful magnetic field.

Score:

1/1

5.

The lunar mare are found:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	anywhere large meteor impacts created deep basins.
B.	almost entirely on the far side, which was more likely to be hit.
C.	mainly in the south polar region, where the largest impact occurred.
D.	almost entirely on Earth side, where the crust was thinner.	100%
E.	not at all, since no liquid water really exists on the Moon.

Score:

1/1

6.

The lunar highlands are:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	made of lighter colored, younger rocks than the mare.
B.	formed by plate tectonics, like the Earth's Himalayas.
C.	more rugged, heavily cratered , and older than the lunar mare.	100%
D.	formed by volcanic eruptions, much like our Andes.
E.	brighter than the mare, since they are covered with reflective glass from the rays.

Score:

1/1

7.

Mercury presents the same side to the Sun

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	every third orbit.
B.	every 12 hours.
C.	every other orbit.	100%
D.	all the time, just like our Moon.
E.	twice every orbit.

Score:

1/1

8.

What did radar astronomers find in the polar regions of Mercury?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	rift valleys
B.	polar caps of dry ice that vary seasonally, much like Mars
C.	large mare basins, such as near our Moon's south pole
D.	water ice that never melts in the deep craters	100%
E.	auroral displays much like Earth's

Score:

1/1

9.

What is true of the Moon's orbital and rotational periods?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The orbital period is longer.
B.	They are equal.	100%
C.	The orbital period is greatest at full moon.
D.	The rotational period is longer.
E.	The rotational period varies with the Moon's phase.

Score:

1/1

10.

The rate of cratering in the lunar highlands shows us that

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	they range from 4.6 - 4.4 billion years old, on average.	100%
B.	the oldest rocks are at least as old as the mare, but some craters are much younger.
C.	most of the asteroids must have hit the Moon, not the earth.
D.	they must be younger than the older, darker mare.
E.	the largest impacts are the youngest, such as Copernicus and Tycho.

Score:

1/1

11.

Which type of feature is the best evidence of lunar volcanism?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	vents seen erupting in the mountainous highlands
B.	craters all over the Moon
C.	the Orientale Basin
D.	rays around the latest eruptions
E.	rilles associated with lava flows accompanying the mare formation	100%

Score:

1/1

12.

Which of these features is attributed to the shrinking of Mercury's core?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	mare
B.	rays
C.	scarps	100%
D.	rilles
E.	craters

Score:

1/1

13.

The scarps on Mercury were probably caused by

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	meteorite bombardment.
B.	a tidal bulge.
C.	tectonic activity.
D.	the interior cooling and shrinking.	100%
E.	volcanism.

Score:

1/1

14.

Moonquakes on the Moon were detected by:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	seismographs attached to the Russian Lunar rovers.
B.	laser beams reflected off mirrors left on the Moon by Apollo missions.
C.	the radar observations over time from earth.
D.	the seismographs left these by the Apollo astronauts.	100%
E.	telescopic observations of lunar landslides.

Score:

1/1

15.

How does Mercury's magnetic field compare to our own?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It was predicted from Mercury's rapid rotation and molten core.
B.	Like Venus, Mercury has no detectable magnetic field.
C.	It is amazingly strong, comparable to our own.
D.	Like Mars and the Earth, it too has undergone polarity reversals.
E.	It is 1/100th as strong as ours, but does deflect the solar wind to some degree.	100%

Score:

1/1

16.

The cratering of the lunar highlands shows us:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	they have been unchanged for the last 4.6 billion years.
B.	they are older than the smoother maria.	100%
C.	they were made of more rigid lavas than the basalts that made the maria.
D.	they are like the Earth's continents, removed from the tectonic cycle of the mare.
E.	they are younger than the maria.

Score:

1/1

17.

How are the polar regions of Mercury and the Moon similar?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Both seem to have ice pockets in the deepest, darkest crater floors.	100%
B.	Both have bright dry ice polar caps, like Mars.
C.	Both are covered by huge mare-type basins from impacts.
D.	Both have been hit by large comets that melted there.
E.	Both have lakes of liquid water under their regolith.

Score:

1/1

18.

Two Mercury years are the same length as three Mercury sidereal days.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	0%	True

Score:

0/1

19.

Mercury has "weird terrain" directly opposite its huge Caloris Impact Basin.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

20.

Mercury's magnetic field is surprisingly comparable to the Earth's field in strength.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	0%	False

Score:

0/1

21.

The high eccentricity of Mercury's orbit probably has nothing to do with Mercury's 3:2 synch of rotation and revolution.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	0%	False

Score:

0/1

22.

Mercury has the widest variation in surface temperatures between night and day of any planet in the solar system.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

quiz 7 Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:48:00.001-08:00

1.

Venus is brightest as seen from Earth:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	at superior conjunction, and fully lit.
B.	36 days before or after inferior conjunction, appearing as a large crescent.	100%
C.	at greatest eastern elongation, appearing half lit in the evening sky.
D.	at inferior conjunction, when closest to Earth and largest in apparent size.
E.	at greatest western elongation, appearing half lit in the morning sky.

Score:

1/1

2.

At closest approach Venus is about how far from Earth?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	0.3 AU	100%
B.	0.4 AU
C.	0.1 AU
D.	0.7 AU
E.	0.5 AU

Score:

1/1

3.

Why is it reasonable to conclude that the internal structure and evolution of Venus are basically Earthlike?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	They have similar surface features and sizes.
B.	They have similar chemical compositions and surface features.
C.	They have similar atmospheres and chemical compositions.
D.	They have similar atmospheres and masses.
E.	They have similar masses and sizes.	100%

Score:

1/1

4.

In the time between two closest approaches to Earth, Venus rotates almost exactly five times relative to the sun. The consequence of this is that:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Earth always presents the same face to Venus at inferior conjunction.
B.	Venus' rotation is completely unrelated to the distant Earth.
C.	Venus presents the opposite hemisphere to Earth at each superior conjunction.
D.	Venus always presents the same face to Earth at inferior conjunction.	100%
E.	Venus presents the opposite hemisphere to Earth at each inferior conjunction.

Score:

1/1

5.

Venus' rotation:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	axis is highly tilted to its orbital plane, causing large seasonal changes.
B.	is tidally locked to the Sun.
C.	is the fastest of the terrestrial planets.
D.	takes longer than its orbit around the Sun.	100%
E.	is counterclockwise, like the other planets.

Score:

1/1

6.

The synodic period of Venus is about how many Earth years?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	about 0.7 years
B.	about 2 years
C.	about 3.5 years	100%
D.	about 1.25 years
E.	about 5 years

Score:

1/1

7.

Our best data about the surface topography of Venus has come from:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	orbiter photos from Pioneer Venus Orbiter.
B.	radio and visual observations.
C.	Magellan radar data and radar observations of the planet from Earth.	100%
D.	the three flybys of Mariner 10.
E.	spacecraft flybys like Mariner 2 and visual observations of the planet.

Score:

1/1

8.

Which statement is true of Venus' surface?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It has remained unchanged for billions of years.
B.	Atmospheric pressure is very low.
C.	There are two continent sized uplands.	100%
D.	There is an extensive hydrosphere.
E.	There are no shield volcanoes.

Score:

1/1

9.

Maxwell Mons on Venus is a huge:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	ocean basin larger than the Pacific Ocean.
B.	shield volcano.	100%
C.	tectonic mountain chain, like the Himalayas.
D.	rift valley.
E.	impact crater larger than Texas.

Score:

1/1

10.

The main problem spacecraft have encountered in landing on Venus is:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the thick atmosphere.
B.	the rocky surface.
C.	the acid rain.
D.	the extremely high temperatures.	100%
E.	the strong winds.

Score:

1/1

11.

What is the main constituent of the atmosphere of Venus?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	oxygen
B.	sulfuric acid
C.	nitrogen
D.	hydrogen
E.	carbon dioxide	100%

Score:

1/1

12.

Volcanic activity on Venus is thought to be:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	more frequent, but less violent than volcanic activity on Earth.	0%
B.	less frequent, but more violent than volcanic activity on Earth.
C.	more frequent and more violent than volcanic activity on Earth.
D.	less frequent and less violent than volcanic activity on Earth.
E.	the same as volcanic activity on Earth.

Score:

0/1

13.

What is the result of the Greenhouse effect on the surface environment of Venus?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It has raised the surface temperature by hundreds of degrees Celsius	100%
B.	Its effect is about the same as on Earth.
C.	It causes the surface temperature of Venus to become hotter than the Sun.
D.	It has reduced the surface temperature by about 30 degrees Celsius.
E.	It has little or no effect.

Score:

1/1

14.

Which of the following contributes to Venus being so hot?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Its atmosphere is made chiefly of carbon dioxide.
B.	It has very little axial tilt so the equator is always directly exposed to the Sun.
C.	Its atmosphere is much denser than the Earth's.
D.	It is closer than Earth to the Sun.
E.	All of the above are factors.	100%

Score:

1/1

15.

What is the composition of the clouds of Venus?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	a combination of ammonia and methane, like Uranus
B.	sulfur and sulfuric acid droplets	100%
C.	hydrogen sulfide and ammonia
D.	frozen carbon dioxide, as on Mars
E.	water, like Earth's clouds

Score:

1/1

16.

Most of the time, Venus is the third-brightest object in the sky.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

17.

Venus has a highly eccentric orbit, accounting for its large temperature extremes.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	100%	False

Score:

1/1

18.

Venus is almost the same size, mass, and density as the Earth.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

19.

Venus' surface temperature is fairly uniform, hot on both day and night sides.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

20.

No evidence of impact craters has been found on Venus.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	100%	False

Score:

1/1

21.

Venus has larger volcanoes than Earth's Hawaii.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

22.

Venus' rotation period is longer than its year.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

quiz : Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:46:00.001-08:00

1.

Rank the five terrestrial worlds in order of size from smallest to largest:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth.	100%
B.	Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars.
C.	Mercury, Moon, Venus, Earth, Mars.
D.	Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
E.	Mercury, Moon, Mars, Earth, Venus.

Score:

1.83/1.83

2.

The planet's orbital period is:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the time its magnetic field takes to spin once.
B.	the time it takes to return to the same location in the sky, relative to the Sun.	100%
C.	the time it takes it to rotate and have the same face toward us again.
D.	the time it takes for it to retrograde back to the same position as we pass it.
E.	the time it takes for a satellite to orbit it.

Score:

1.83/1.83

3.

How do the densities of the jovian and terrestrial planets compare?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The closer a planet lies to the Sun, the less its density.
B.	Made from the same solar nebula, they are all similar.
C.	More massive jovians all have high densities, compared to the tiny terrestrials.
D.	All terrestrials are more dense than any of the jovians.	100%
E.	No real pattern here; densities vary greatly and are very individual to each world.

Score:

1.83/1.83

4.

The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter
B.	between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus
C.	between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
D.	beyond the orbit of Neptune	100%
E.	among the orbits of the terrestrial planets

Score:

1.83/1.83

5.

In composition and density, the asteroids most resemble:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Kuiper Belt objects like Pluto.
B.	comets.
C.	pieces of terrestrial planets.	100%
D.	jovian moons.
E.	the Sun.

Score:

1.83/1.83

6.

A meteorite is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	an irregularly shaped body, mostly found orbiting between Mars and Jupiter.	0%
B.	an icy body with a long tail extending from it.
C.	a streak of light in the atmosphere.
D.	a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground.
E.	a chunk of space debris orbiting the Earth.

Score:

0/1.83

7.

The Kuiper Belt is an "outer asteroid belt" consisting of what types of solar system
bodies?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	terrestrial planets
B.	icy cometlike bodies	100%
C.	meteoroids
D.	asteroids
E.	jovian planets

Score:

1.83/1.83

8.

The jovian planets

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	all have rings around their equators.	100%
B.	are all much more dense than any of the terrestrials planets.
C.	all spin slower than the earth.
D.	all lie less than 5 AU from the Sun.
E.	have satellite systems with less than 4 moons.

Score:

1.83/1.83

9.

Masses of the planets are easiest to determine if:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	they are dense and easily deflect the path of passing spacecraft.
B.	they have natural satellites whose motions can be precisely measured.	100%
C.	they move rapidly and their periods are easily measured.
D.	they are terrestrial and the extra size of the planet's disk can be measured.
E.	they are jovian and their oblateness can be found.

Score:

1.83/1.83

10.

From center to surface, which of the following correctly lists the interior layers of a terrestrial world?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	core, mantle, crust	100%
B.	core, crust, lithosphere
C.	mantle, core, crust
D.	mantle, crust, core

Score:

1.83/1.83

11.

Which of the terrestrial worlds has the strongest magnetic field?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Mars
B.	Venus
C.	the Moon
D.	Earth	100%
E.	Mercury

Score:

1.83/1.83

12.

Which of the following most likely explains why Venus does not have a strong magnetic field?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It has too thick an atmosphere.
B.	Its rotation is too slow.	100%
C.	It is too close to the Sun.
D.	It does not have a metallic core.
E.	It is too large.

Score:

1.83/1.83

13.

There are no auroras on Venus because it

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	is too hot.
B.	lacks atmospheric oxygen.
C.	lacks a strong magnetic field.	100%
D.	lacks strong winds.

Score:

1.83/1.83

14.

What process has shaped Earth's surface more than any other?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	impact cratering
B.	acid rain
C.	volcanism
D.	wind erosion
E.	plate tectonics	100%

Score:

1.83/1.83

15.

Which of the following worlds has the most substantial atmosphere?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Mercury
B.	Mars
C.	Venus	100%
D.	the Moon
E.	Earth

Score:

1.83/1.83

16.

Valles Marineris is a(n)

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	huge series of cliffs on Mercury.
B.	extensive plain on Mars.
C.	large canyon on Venus.
D.	large canyon on Mars.	100%
E.	large valley on the Moon.

Score:

1.83/1.83

17.

Which of the following show evidence of ancient river beds?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the Moon
B.	Mars	100%
C.	Mercury
D.	Venus
E.	all of the above

Score:

1.83/1.83

18.

What gas is the primary constituent of our atmosphere?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	carbon dioxide
B.	hydrogen
C.	nitrogen	100%
D.	oxygen
E.	helium

Score:

1.83/1.83

19.

Which statement about seismic waves is FALSE?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	P waves travel faster, so the gap between their arrival times gives the source's distance.
B.	S waves are blocked by the fluid outer core and cannot be observed on the other side of the planet from the epicenter.
C.	Only P waves can be detected in the shadow zone.	100%
D.	Close to the epicenter, both S and P waves can be recorded.
E.	Both S and P waves can be detected by seismographs.

Score:

1.83/1.83

20.

When strong solar winds are displaced poleward by our magnetic fields, we get

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	intense auroral displays.	100%
B.	droughts and dust bowls in the American West.
C.	the Van Allen radiation belts.
D.	hurricanes in the tropics.
E.	sunspots.

Score:

1.83/1.83

21.

The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	aurora borealis and aurstralis.
B.	Van Allen Radiation Belts.	100%
C.	exosphere.
D.	corona.
E.	ozone layer.

Score:

1.83/1.83

22.

We determine the structure of the Earth's core using

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	deep mine shafts.
B.	magnetic resonance imaging.
C.	radar and sonar.
D.	seismic wave data.	100%
E.	satellite imaging.

Score:

1.83/1.83

23.

The Dynamo Theory holds that:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	lightning plays a major role in generating our magnetic fields.
B.	the Earth's core, like Mercury's, is now a solid, rigid bar magnet.
C.	any other planet of similar density will also have a strong magnetic field.
D.	magnetic fields are generated by rapidly spinning, fluid magnetic interiors.	100%
E.	the Earth's magnetic field must switch polarities every few million years.

Score:

1.83/1.83

24.

The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	water vapor and carbon dioxide.	100%
B.	hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide.
C.	hydrogen and helium.
D.	methane and ammonia.
E.	sulfuric acid vapor and carbon dioxide.

Score:

1.83/1.83

25.

The Greenhouse Effect works by trapping

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	outgoing ultraviolet radiation from the Earth.
B.	incoming ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
C.	incoming infrared radiation from the Sun.
D.	the heat from the Sun in Earth's atmosphere.	0%
E.	outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth.

Score:

0/1.83

26.

At what phase are the tides least noticeable?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	new Moon
B.	waxing crescent
C.	waning gibbous
D.	First quarter
E.	full Moon	0%

Score:

0/1.83

27.

What is true of spring tides?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	The difference between low and high tides would be smallest.
B.	The Moon's phase will be first quarter.
C.	There would be one high and one low tide each day.
D.	The third quarter Moon would be high overhead at dawn.
E.	The difference between low and high tides would be greatest.	100%

Score:

1.83/1.83

28.

In size, Mercury is intermediate between:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the Moon and Mars.	100%
B.	Pluto and the Moon.
C.	Ceres and Pluto.
D.	Earth and Venus.
E.	Mars and Earth.

Score:

1.83/1.83

29.

One of the effects of Mercury's very slow spin is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	large variations in the size of its polar cap.
B.	wind patterns that are slow, but global in size.
C.	tectonic activity.
D.	extreme variations in its surface temperature.	100%
E.	an intensely powerful magnetic field.

Score:

1.83/1.83

30.

All of the statements below are true. Which one gives the primary reason why the surface of Venus today is some 450°C hotter than the surface of Earth?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Venus has a much stronger greenhouse effect than Earth.	100%
B.	Venus has a much higher reflectivity than Earth.
C.	Venus has a higher atmospheric pressure than Earth.
D.	Venus is only about 73% as far from the Sun as Earth.

Score:

1.83/1.83

31.

Why is the sky blue (on Earth)?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Because molecules scatter red light more effectively than blue light.
B.	No one knows – this is one of the great mysteries of science.
C.	Because the Sun emits mostly blue light.
D.	Because molecules scatter blue light more effectively than red light.	100%
E.	Because deep space is blue in color.

Score:

1.83/1.83

32.

The lunar highlands are:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	formed by plate tectonics, like the Earth's Himalayas.
B.	brighter than the mare, since they are covered with reflective glass from the rays.
C.	formed by volcanic eruptions, much like our Andes.
D.	made of lighter colored, younger rocks than the mare.
E.	more rugged, heavily cratered , and older than the lunar mare.	100%

Score:

1.83/1.83

33.

What did radar astronomers find in the polar regions of Mercury?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	auroral displays much like Earth's
B.	polar caps of dry ice that vary seasonally, much like Mars
C.	water ice that never melts in the deep craters	100%
D.	rift valleys
E.	large mare basins, such as near our Moon's south pole

Score:

1.83/1.83

34.

How does Mercury's rotation relate to the Sun?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Its rotation rate is 2/3 as long as its year, due to tidal resonances.	100%
B.	Its day is the same length as its year.
C.	It does not spin at all, being tidal stopped by the solar tides.
D.	It always keeps one face tidally locked toward the Sun, as our Moon does with us.
E.	Its year is much shorter, only 88 days, than its slow rotation of 243 days on its axis.

Score:

1.83/1.83

35.

What is true of the Moon's orbital and rotational periods?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	They are equal.	100%
B.	The rotational period varies with the Moon's phase.
C.	The rotational period is longer.
D.	The orbital period is greatest at full moon.
E.	The orbital period is longer.

Score:

1.83/1.83

36.

Which of these features is attributed to the shrinking of Mercury's core?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	rays
B.	rilles
C.	scarps	100%
D.	craters
E.	mare

Score:

1.83/1.83

37.

Mercury's surface most resembles which of these?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Venus' polar regions
B.	the lunar mare
C.	Mars' deserts
D.	the lunar far side	100%
E.	the earth's deserts

Score:

1.83/1.83

38.

Which of these theories seems to best explain the Moon's origin?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Impact Theory	100%
B.	Fusion Theory
C.	Coformation Theory
D.	Capture Theory
E.	Fission Theory

Score:

1.83/1.83

39.

Venus orbits the Sun in 225 days. How long does it take to rotate on its axis?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	225 days, so it keeps the same face toward the Sun
B.	36 days, for reasons unknown
C.	450 days, exactly at 2:1 spin-orbit resonance
D.	243 days, even though the Earth's tidal pull is not involved	100%
E.	24 hours, 36 minutes, very similar to Earth and Mars

Score:

1.83/1.83

40.

Through radar observations it was found that Venus'

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	rotation on its axis is retrograde.	100%
B.	atmosphere is changing rapidly.
C.	orbital period is 243 days.
D.	orbit around the Sun is speeding up.
E.	orbit around the Sun is in the clockwise sense.

Score:

1.83/1.83

41.

Earth and Venus are often called sister planets; in which ways are they most alike?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	surface temperature and pressure
B.	atmospheric composition and density
C.	polar caps and rusty red deserts
D.	size, density, and surface gravity	100%
E.	cloud composition and meteorology

Score:

1.83/1.83

42.

The surface of Venus can be observed with:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	radar observations from Arecibo.	100%
B.	the Mt. Wilson 100" telescope.
C.	most amateur telescopes.
D.	the Hubble Space Telescope.
E.	All of these have provided detailed observations about the surface of our sister planet.

Score:

1.83/1.83

43.

Maxwell Mons on Venus is a huge:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	impact crater larger than Texas.
B.	shield volcano.	100%
C.	tectonic mountain chain, like the Himalayas.
D.	rift valley.
E.	ocean basin larger than the Pacific Ocean.

Score:

1.83/1.83

44.

The largest volcanic structures on Venus are called:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	coronae.	100%
B.	cinder cones.
C.	calderas.
D.	crater cones.
E.	shield volcanoes.

Score:

1.83/1.83

45.

What is the result of the Greenhouse effect on the surface environment of Venus?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It has reduced the surface temperature by about 30 degrees Celsius.
B.	It has raised the surface temperature by hundreds of degrees Celsius	100%
C.	It causes the surface temperature of Venus to become hotter than the Sun.
D.	Its effect is about the same as on Earth.
E.	It has little or no effect.

Score:

1.8/1.8

46.

What is the main constituent of the atmosphere of Venus?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	carbon dioxide	100%
B.	oxygen
C.	hydrogen
D.	nitrogen
E.	sulfuric acid

Score:

1.8/1.8

47.

The highest peak on Venus is called:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Maxwell.	100%
B.	Gula.
C.	Shif.
D.	Lakshmi.
E.	Cleopatra.

Score:

1.8/1.8

48.

The absence of a magnetic field on Venus probably stems from its:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	high surface temperatures.
B.	lower density than Earth, suggesting an absence of an iron core.
C.	extremely thick atmosphere.
D.	slow rotation.	100%
E.	nearness to the Sun.

Score:

1.8/1.8

49.

Which is the correct size order, from smallest to largest?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Venus, Mars, Earth
B.	Mercury, Mars, Venus	100%
C.	The Moon, Earth, Mars
D.	Mercury, the Moon, Mars
E.	Mercury, Venus, Mars

Score:

1.8/1.8

50.

How long is a day on Mars?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	9 hours, 55 minutes
B.	243 Earth days
C.	23 hours, 56 minutes
D.	24 hours, 36 minutes	100%
E.	about 4.2 Earth days

Score:

1.82/1.82

51.

The most prominent feature of Mars observable from Earth is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	its bright polar caps.	100%
B.	the prominent feature, Valles Marineris.
C.	its two prominent moons.
D.	the large volcano Olympus Mons.
E.	its thick atmosphere.

Score:

1.83/1.83

52.

Most of the dark regions on Mars visible from Earth are

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	volcanic planes like the lunar maria.	100%
B.	features like the Valles Marineris.
C.	lava flows from active volcanoes.
D.	the seasonal growth of vegetation on the planet.
E.	mountainous regions.

Score:

1.83/1.83

53.

Valles Marineris is the most striking example of a(n)

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	impact crater.
B.	oceanic trench.
C.	rift valley.	100%
D.	scarp.
E.	shield volcano.

Score:

1.8/1.8

54.

Why is Mars red?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Dust storms on the planet have blasted the planet so fiercely that the rocks have reddened.
B.	The ancient volcanoes poured out vast plains of molten sulfur, much as on Io, which has now solidified and preserved the reddish color.
C.	Sulfuric acid rain etched a reddish color into iron-rich surface rocks.
D.	The iron in the surface rocks have been oxidized over time.	100%
E.	Mercuric oxide is abundant and has a red tint.

Score:

1.8/1.8

55.

How many moons does Mars have?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	none
B.	one
C.	two	100%
D.	three
E.	four

Score:

1.8/1.8

56.

The main constituent of the martian atmosphere is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	carbon dioxide.	100%
B.	helium.
C.	methane.
D.	hydrogen.
E.	nitrogen.

Score:

1.8/1.8

57.

The largest shield volcano yet discovered is:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Prometheus on Io.
B.	Kilimanjaro on Earth.
C.	Olympus Mons on Mars.	100%
D.	Maxwell Mons on Venus.
E.	Caloris on Mercury.

Score:

1.8/1.8

quiz 8 Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:45:00.001-08:00

1.

Jupiter is noticeably oblate because:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	it undergoes a gravitational attraction from each of its various moons.
B.	it rotates rapidly.	100%
C.	it has such powerful gravity.
D.	it has a strong magnetic field.
E.	it has a mantle of liquid metallic hydrogen.

Score:

1/1

2.

What is the name used to describe the dark bands encircling Jupiter?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	brown stripes
B.	zonal flows
C.	belts	100%
D.	convection cells
E.	zones

Score:

1/1

3.

The reason the jovian planets lost very little of their original atmosphere is due to their

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	many moons.
B.	ring systems.
C.	large mass.	100%
D.	rapid rotation.
E.	strong magnetic fields.

Score:

1/1

4.

Together which two gases make up 99% of Jupiter's atmosphere?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Helium and Ammonia
B.	Ammonia and Methane
C.	Water Vapor and Methane
D.	Hydrogen and Helium	100%
E.	Hydrogen and Ammonia

Score:

1/1

5.

Alternating zones of rising and sinking gas in Jupiter's atmosphere

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	produced the ring system discovered by Voyager.
B.	cause Jupiter's magnetic field to ripple.
C.	generate their own magnetic fields.
D.	create light and dark bands.	100%
E.	circle the planet from pole to pole.

Score:

1/1

6.

What is the source of Jupiter's excess energy?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the tidal stresses of the large Galilean moons
B.	helium rain falling through its interior
C.	nuclear fusion in its hot, sunlike core of hydrogen
D.	the decay of radioactive elements in its dense core
E.	the slow escape of gravitational energy released during the planet's formation	100%

Score:

1/1

7.

What is thought to lie at the center of Jupiter?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	a fusion core like the Sun's, with hydrogen being turned into helium
B.	a hot sea of liquid metallic hydrogen
C.	a solid core of crystalline helium
D.	gaseous hydrogen and helium, for Jupiter is not differentiated like Earth
E.	a massive core of rocky materials with some iron mixed in	100%

Score:

1/1

8.

What is true of Jupiter's magnetosphere?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Although its surface field is greater, since the planet is larger the total field is actually weaker than Earth's.
B.	It has a tail that extends at least to Saturn's orbit.	100%
C.	It does not trap protons and electrons, as Earth's Van Allen belts do.
D.	It is most extensive on the sunward side of the planet.
E.	It is only slightly stronger than Saturn's.

Score:

1/1

9.

What do our magnetic field and Jupiter's share?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	auroral displays in the polar regions	100%
B.	fields that extend outward past Pluto
C.	same polarity
D.	fields that extend inward all the way to the Sun
E.	similar field strength

Score:

1/1

10.

What is thought to be the cause of Io's volcanoes?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	solar radiation focused by Jupiter's gravity
B.	radioactive decay in Io's interior
C.	tidal stresses from both Jupiter and Europa	100%
D.	Jupiter's gravity and the heat it creates
E.	Jupiter's magnetosphere and its charged particles

Score:

1/1

11.

Which of the Galilean moons is the densest and most geologically active?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Titan
B.	Io	100%
C.	Europa
D.	Callisto
E.	Ganymede

Score:

1/1

12.

The surface of which jovian moon most resembles the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Io
B.	Callisto
C.	Amalthea
D.	Ganymede
E.	Europa	100%

Score:

1/1

13.

Of the Galilean satellites, which has the oldest, most heavily cratered surface?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Io
B.	Callisto	100%
C.	Titan
D.	Ganymede
E.	Europa

Score:

1/1

14.

Which of the four Galilean moons is not differentiated?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Ganymede
B.	Callisto	100%
C.	Europa
D.	Io
E.	None of the above. All the moons are differentiated.

Score:

1/1

15.

Which of the jovian moons is the largest and also the largest moon in the solar system, even bigger than Mercury?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Callisto
B.	Triton
C.	Umbriel
D.	Titan
E.	Ganymede	100%

Score:

1/1

16.

In size, from largest to smallest, the correct order for the Galilean moons is:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Callisto, Ganymede, Europa, Io.
B.	Ganymede, Callisto, Io, Europa.	100%
C.	Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede.
D.	Europa, Ganymede, Io, Callisto.
E.	Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, Io.

Score:

1/1

17.

Where is Jupiter's ring located?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	above Jupiter's cloud tops and inside the orbit of its inner-most moon
B.	between the orbits of Io and Europa	0%
C.	between the orbit of the inner-most moon and the orbit of Io
D.	in a thin ring at the distance of Io but inclined by an angle of about 30 degrees to Io's orbit
E.	sharing the orbit of Amalthea

Score:

0/1

18.

Which statement about Jupiter's rings is false?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	They are made of ice, like Saturn's.	100%
B.	They may be made in part of material from Metis and Adrastea.
C.	They lie in the planet's equatorial plane.
D.	They lie closer to Jupiter than Io's orbit.
E.	They are made of dark dusty particles.

Score:

1/1

19.

Colors in Jupiter's clouds are largely due to helium compounds.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	100%	False

Score:

1/1

20.

All the Galilean moons are in synchronous rotation, with the same face always pointed toward Jupiter, except for tidally stressed Io.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

21.

If it were about 80 times as massive as present, Jupiter could become a star.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	0%	True

Score:

0/1

22.

While hydrogen, helium, water, and ammonia can produce the white coloration of Jupiter's zones, the brownish color of the belts requires more complex chemistry.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	0%	True

Score:

0/1

quiz 9 Astronomy

2012-12-12T07:42:00.001-08:00

1.

If you could find a bathtub big enough for Saturn, the planet would:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	sink due to its metallic interior.
B.	explode due to its liquid metallic hydrogen.
C.	catch fire, as liquid sodium reacts with water.
D.	precipitate more helium.
E.	float.	100%

Score:

1/1

2.

Saturn is noticeably oblate because

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	its powerful gravity acts stronger on the closer poles than the distant equator.
B.	it has strong magnetic fields that deform its shape.
C.	it is a fluid body that is spinning rapidly.	100%
D.	it is tidally distorted by the pulls for its satellite system.
E.	All of the above are correct.

Score:

1/1

3.

The most abundant element in Saturn's atmosphere is

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	hydrogen.	100%
B.	ammonia.
C.	helium.
D.	methane.
E.	nitrogen.

Score:

1/1

4.

What are Saturn's rings?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	a glowing, flat magnetospheric auroral display
B.	a solid thin disc of material encircling Saturn
C.	large rocky boulders moving in orbit around Saturn
D.	small icy particles moving in orbit around Saturn	100%
E.	a great disk of liquid helium

Score:

1/1

5.

What is the space probe that is currently orbiting Saturn and is responsible for numerous discoveries of storms and weather patterns in Saturn's atmosphere called?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	New Horizons.
B.	Galileo.
C.	Cassini.	100%
D.	Encke.
E.	Messenger.

Score:

1/1

6.

Saturn's rings are edge-on and vanish when it is at:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	equinox.	100%
B.	conjunction with the Sun.
C.	solstice.
D.	opposition.
E.	greatest elongation.

Score:

1/1

7.

The Roche limit is the point at which

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the internal forces that hold an object together weaken so that the object falls apart.
B.	the mass of an object classifies it as a moon.
C.	the external tidal forces on an object are strong enough to be felt by the object.
D.	the external tidal forces on an object become greater than the internal forces that hold it together.	100%
E.	a moon orbiting a planet experiences synchronous rotation.

Score:

1/1

8.

Shepherd satellites are defined as:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	moons that follow the exact orbit of another, larger, moon.
B.	a type of moon that orbits another moon.
C.	moons that confine a narrow ring.	100%
D.	satellites in the coma of a comet.
E.	moons that orbit inside the system of rings.

Score:

1/1

9.

Cassini is:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	the French astronomer who first discovered a gap in Saturn's rings.
B.	NASA's orbiter now taking photos of Saturn.
C.	a gap in the rings created by a resonance with Mimas.
D.	all of the above	100%
E.	none of the above

Score:

1/1

10.

How many large moons does Saturn have?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	3
B.	1	100%
C.	2
D.	4
E.	0

Score:

1/1

11.

What evidence suggests that Enceladus has ongoing geological activity?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Voyager 1 showed sulfur eruptions all over its pizza-pie colored surface.
B.	Enceladus is located within Saturn's Roche limit, and ready to blow up.
C.	Lack of impact craters on much of its surface and evidence of ice flows from possible volcanic activity.	100%
D.	Enceladus undergoes severe tidal stresses from its resonance with Titan.
E.	Voyager 2 photographed liquid nitrogen geysers 10 kilometers tall.

Score:

1/1

12.

What is interesting about Saturn's large moon Titan?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It orbits Saturn in a retrograde sense.
B.	It has an atmosphere.	100%
C.	It is one of Saturn's two large moons.
D.	It has its own moon.
E.	It has a 2:1 resonance with Mimas and a 4:1 resonance with the Cassini gap.

Score:

1/1

13.

The atmosphere of Titan is composed mostly of:

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	hydrogen.
B.	carbon dioxide.
C.	oxygen.
D.	methane.
E.	nitrogen.	100%

Score:

1/1

14.

Which Saturnian moon has the leading hemisphere black as tar, the back side icy white?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	Iapetus	100%
B.	Rhea
C.	Titan
D.	Enceladus
E.	Mimas

Score:

1/1

15.

What makes Mimas a distinct moon?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	It has a rich atmosphere that may resemble that of the early Earth.
B.	It suffered a huge meteorite impact that must have nearly shattered it.	100%
C.	It helps maintain a wide apparent gap in Saturn's rings, known as Encke's Division.
D.	The leading hemisphere is very dark, while the back side is bright ice.
E.	It is the largest of Saturn's moons.

Score:

1/1

16.

How thick are Saturn's rings from top to bottom?

	Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
A.	a few tens of meters	100%
B.	a few tens of thousands of kilometers
C.	a few million kilometers
D.	a few kilometers
E.	a few hundred kilometers

Score:

1/1

17.

The rings of Saturn occupy the region inside Saturn's Roche limit.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

18.

Helium is more abundant at Saturn than at Jupiter.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	100%	False

Score:

1/1

19.

Saturn's two shepherd moons herd the particles in the F ring.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

20.

Most of the moons of Saturn have rocky, cratered surfaces, like Deimos and Phobos.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
False	100%	False

Score:

1/1

21.

Saturn has a surface magnetic field weaker than Earth's.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	100%	True

Score:

1/1

22.

Saturn has several enduring major storm systems similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.

Student Response	Value	Correct Answer
True	0%	False

Score:

0/1