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ankara</category><category>telifucretleri</category><category>grafik</category><category>ankaratranslation</category><category>google sözlük</category><category>profesyoneltercuman</category><category>hacettepeuniversitesi</category><category>trados</category><category>yaşayıcı</category><category>turkey</category><category>cevirmenler</category><category>dailymotion</category><category>dilbilim</category><category>louis kelly</category><category>translation</category><category>tercüme bürosu açmak</category><category>latince</category><category>convert</category><category>noter</category><category>blogtercume</category><category>kaleci</category><category>karaciğer</category><category>divxplanet</category><category>ucret</category><category>kulturel</category><category>altyazitercume</category><category>cinkulturu</category><category>communication</category><category>pdf word</category><category>blog</category><category>interpretation</category><category>trueinterpreter</category><category>kobi</category><category>noterislem</category><category>kitap çeviri</category><category>tercuman</category><category>cevirmenlik</category><category>bilinmeyen kelimeler</category><category>dictionaries</category><category>horses for courses</category><category>çeviride</category><category>ABtercume</category><category>almanca tercüme</category><category>teslim</category><category>EUGrant</category><category>serbestcevirmen</category><category>languages</category><category>sayfa</category><category>dictionary</category><category>ceviriprogramlari</category><category>sınav</category><category>dogal</category><category>mütercim tercümanlık</category><category>islemformulleri</category><category>mütercim tercümanlar</category><title>Tercümanın Günlüğü  / A Translator's Scrapbook</title><description>ilgi alanı çeviri olanlara.. for those interested in translation related "anything"</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>171</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/OEbDd" /><feedburner:info xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0" uri="blogspot/oebdd" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><itunes:owner><itunes:email>noreply@blogger.com</itunes:email></itunes:owner><itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle>ilgi alanı çeviri olanlara.. for those interested in translation related "anything"</itunes:subtitle><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-6903009312113485935</guid><pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2011 23:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-11-16T01:59:26.760+02:00</atom:updated><title>Her Gün 1 Çeviri</title><description>&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 5px;"&gt;&lt;iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes" src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/likebox.php?id=162868943732415&amp;amp;width=590&amp;amp;connections=5&amp;amp;stream=true&amp;amp;header=false&amp;amp;height=500" style="border: none; height: 500px; overflow: hidden; width: 728px;"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-6903009312113485935?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2011/11/her-gun-1-ceviri.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-134291389647098586</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2011 10:57:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-12-08T19:08:20.991+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">yemix</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">bilgisayar çevirisi</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">almanca tercüme</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri sözlüğü</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">yeminli sözlük</category><title>Redaktörden Gelen Çeviri Neye Benzer?</title><description>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu sayfalarda sürekli olarak  redaksiyonun ve son kontrolün öneminden bahsedip duruyorum. Özellikle  Türkçe’den diğer dillere doğru yapılan çevirilerde redaktör kullanımı  bir zorunluluktur.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Redaktörler profesyonel çeviri sürecinin  bir parçasıdır. Eşinize, dostunuza, arkadaşınıza çeviri yapıyorsanız  kimse size redaktör kullanmamanın hesabını sormaz belki ama önümüzdeki  yıllarda çevirilerde redaktör kullanıp kullanmadığınızı müşterileriniz  sormaya başlayacak. Serbest çevirmenlik yapıyorsanız, &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;çeviri&lt;/a&gt;  yaptığınız dilde bulacağınız bir redaktörle sürekli çalışabilirsiniz.  Bu şekilde hem siz yaptığınız işi geliştirmiş olursunuz hem de  müşteriniz yapılan işten tatmin olmuş olur. Tabi Türkçe’ye doğru yapılan  çevirilerde de son okumanın üçüncü bir göz tarafından yapılması  gerektiğini unutmamak gerek.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Aşağıda redaktörün bazı çeviriler  üzerinde yaptığı düzeltmeletere örnekler bulacaksınız. Bu örnekler size  redaktör kullanmanız gerektiğini hatırlatmalıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/redaktorden-gelen-ceviri-neye-benzer/1-3/" rel="attachment wp-att-1471" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1471" height="332" src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/wp-content/uploads/11.jpg" title="1" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/redaktorden-gelen-ceviri-neye-benzer/attachment/2/" rel="attachment wp-att-1472"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1472" height="366" src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/wp-content/uploads/2.jpg" title="2" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/redaktorden-gelen-ceviri-neye-benzer/attachment/3/" rel="attachment wp-att-1473"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1473" height="228" src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/wp-content/uploads/3.jpg" title="3" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/redaktorden-gelen-ceviri-neye-benzer/attachment/4/" rel="attachment wp-att-1474"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1474" height="320" src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/wp-content/uploads/4.jpg" title="4" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/redaktorden-gelen-ceviri-neye-benzer/attachment/56/" rel="attachment wp-att-1483"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1483" height="394" src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/wp-content/uploads/56.jpg" title="56" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kısaca söylemek gerekirse, redaktör  kontrolü olmadan müşterinize çeviri teslim ettiğinizde onlarca ve hatta  yüzlerce hatanız müşteriye gider! Bunun önüne geçmek sizin elinizde. &lt;b&gt;Çevirmenseniz, en iyi arkadaşlarınızdan biri mutlaka bir redaktör olmalıdır!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-134291389647098586?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2011/06/redaktorden-gelen-ceviri-neye-benzer.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-196273051141442445</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2011 10:56:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-06-27T12:56:38.340+02:00</atom:updated><title>Umpire (Hakem, Yan Hakem, Baş Hakem)</title><description>&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/umpire-hakem-yan-hakem-bas-hakem/" class="single" rel="bookmark" title="Umpire (Hakem, Yan Hakem, Baş Hakem)"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; 			&lt;span class="undertitle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Bir müşteri bana &amp;ldquo;Kriket Kuralları&amp;rdquo;nı Fransızcaya çevirmek için seçildiğimi söylediğinde &amp;ldquo;&lt;strong&gt;Yuppiiii&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;rdquo;  dedim kendi kendime. Bu oyunu seviyorum; bir de ilgilendiğim bir  konuyla ilgili bir metin &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net"&gt;çevirmek&lt;/a&gt; işi daha da eğlenceli hale getiriyor.&lt;br&gt;&lt;img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt=""&gt;&lt;br&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Sonunun o kadar da eğlenceli olduğu söylenemez. Büyüleyici, zor,  sinir bozucu ve de yapmaya değerdi ama kesinlikle eğlenceli falan  değildi. Çeviriyi yeni gönderdim ve üç hafta boyu sürekli araştırma,  saç-baş yolma ve karar alma süreçlerinden sonra daha basit sporlara  geçmeyi sabırsızlıkla bekliyorum: Fransa&amp;rsquo;nın İngiltere&amp;rsquo;yi ragbide  yenmesi keyfimi yerine getirebilirdi. İleride bu tür çevirilerin  zorlukları hakkında bir yazı yazmayı düşünüyorum, fakat şimdilik kriketi  unutmak daha iyi bir fikir.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Çeviri yaparken &lt;strong&gt;&amp;lsquo;Umpire (Hakem)&amp;rsquo;&lt;/strong&gt; kelimesinin kökenini buldum; bunu daha önce bilmiyordum:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yaklaşık 1400&amp;rsquo;lerde, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;noumper&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, O.Fr. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;nonper &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;kelimesinden &amp;ldquo;tek sayı, çift olmayan&amp;rdquo; , iki kişi arasında hakemlik yapan üçüncü kişiye dair; non &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; + &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;per&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &amp;ldquo;eşit,&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; L.&amp;rsquo;den &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;par&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.  Başındaki -n- yaklaşık olarak 15.y ortalarında&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;a noumpere&amp;rdquo;  kelimesinin ,&amp;rdquo;an oumpere&amp;rdquo; diye duyulan kelimeden hatalı ayrımı  dolayısıyla kaybolmuştur. Aslen bir hukuk terimi (tahkim süreci  sırasında iki hakeme başkanlık eden başhakem) olmakla birlikte, 1714  yılında spor müsabakalarında (güreş) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Futbolda  yardımcı hakem, yan hakem (&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a title="linesman" href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/index.php?kelime=linesman"&gt;linesman&lt;/a&gt;, assistant referee) anlamında kullanılmış bir sure.. Fiil hali (hakemlik etmek) ise, 1600&amp;rsquo;lerde isimden türetilmiştir.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Çeviren: Büşra Şahin, Hacettepe Ü. Müt. Ter.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kaynak: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/blog"&gt;http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-196273051141442445?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2011/06/umpire-hakem-yan-hakem-bas-hakem.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-4075774871808507515</guid><pubDate>Sun, 15 May 2011 11:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2011-05-15T13:31:32.334+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">eggplant</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">patlıcan</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cümle sözlüğü</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sözlük</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">paragraf sözlüğü</category><title>Patlıcana Neden Eggplant Diyorlar?</title><description>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Karşılaştığımız her kelimenin bir  hikayesi olduğunu biliyoruz. Bazen &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;etimoloji&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/b&gt;kaynaklarına  bakıp sözcüklerin geçmişlerini öğrenmeye çalışıyorum. Bu işten çoğu  zaman epey zevk bile alıyorum:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Epeydir aklımda olan ama soyağacına  ancak bugün bakabildiğim bir sözcük var: İngilizce’de &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;yumurta  bitkisi&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/b&gt;anlamına gelen &lt;b&gt; eggplant&lt;/b&gt;.  Kısacık bir araştırmadan sonra patlıcana neden yumurta bitkisi  dediklerini öğrenince biraz gülümsedim. Hiçbir şey sebepsiz olmuyor  demek ki, dedim kendi kendime.. Meğer Avrupalılar onsekizinci yüzyılın  ortasında patlıcanın beyaz çeşidine kaz yumurtasına benzediği için &lt;b&gt;eggplant  &lt;/b&gt;demişler. Bizler yumurtaya benzeyen patlıcan görmediğimiz için  bize garip geliyor tabi ancak örneğin &lt;b&gt;thai eggplant&lt;/b&gt;  denen çeşit tamamen yumurta şeklinde..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_1415" style="width: 233px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/patlicana-neden-eggplant-diyorlar/thai-eggplant-makua-kau/" rel="attachment wp-att-1415" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-1415 " src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/wp-content/uploads/eggplant-patlican-300x237.jpg" title="Thai Eggplant (Makua Kau)" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="wp-caption-text"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Aslında patlıcan (bildiğimiz mor  patlıcan) kelimesinin İngiliz dilindeki diğer karşılığı olan &lt;b&gt;aubergine  &lt;/b&gt;sözcüğünün geçmişi de oldukça ilginç.. Kelimenin &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;sözlük&lt;/a&gt; serüvenine bakar mısınız:  İspanyolca alberge, Katalanca alberginera, Portekizce beringela,  Fransızca aubergine, İtalyanca melanzana, İngilizce melongene (ya da  eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, guinea squash), Latince solanum melongena,  Arapça al-badinjan, Türkçe patlıcan, Farsça badin-gan, Sanskritçe  vatin-ganah vs.. Bu arada Türkiye’nin dünyanın en büyük dördüncü  patlıcan üreticisi olduğunu da hatırlatalım.. Kelimeleri &lt;b&gt;uçan  halı&lt;/b&gt; gibi kullanıp üzerlerine bindiğinizde sizi götürdükleri  yerler bazen epey şaşırtıcı olabiliyor..&lt;br /&gt;
Kaynak:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/patlicana-neden-eggplant-diyorlar/"&gt;http://www.yeminlitercuman.net/patlicana-neden-eggplant-diyorlar/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-4075774871808507515?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2011/05/patlcana-neden-eggplant-diyorlar.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-7407509425779321056</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 Jun 2010 11:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-11T12:04:26.479+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">pdf jpg word</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">pdf word</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">pdf dosyalar</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">resim pdf</category><title>PDF Gelen Dosyalar Canınızı Sıkmasın</title><description>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Çevirileri yapılmak üzere &lt;b&gt;PDF&lt;/b&gt;  halde gelen dosyaların Word’e dönüştürülmeleri çoğu zaman çok vakit  alıyor. Değişik programlar olmakla beraber tümünün farklı eksikleri var.  Ben genel olarak PDF belgeleri internet üzerinden Word’e  dönüştürüyorum. PDF’e dönüşecek belge varsa, onu da internet üzerinden  online yapmayı tercih ediyorum. İyi tarafı, hem üretsiz hem online  olduğu için her yerden bu sitelere ulaşabilmeniz ve işlemlerinizi çok  çok kolay yapabilmeniz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;İşte size sürekli kullanmanızı  önerebileceğim 3 önemli site: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;PDF Online&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pdfonline.com/"&gt;http://www.pdfonline.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Üyelik gerektirmeyen &lt;b&gt;PDF&amp;lt;&amp;gt;Word&lt;/b&gt;  dönüşümlerini anında yapabileceğiniz bir site!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;OCR Terminal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ocrterminal.com/"&gt;http://www.ocrterminal.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Üyelik gerektiren ama üyeliği 5 saniye  süren &lt;b&gt;resim formatında kaydedilmiş (üzerindeki metinlerin  kopyalanamadığı) PDF dosyaları Word’e dönüştüren &lt;/b&gt;site! Her  üyelik için aylık&amp;nbsp; 20 sayfa sınırı olduğu için. Birkaç üyelik almanız  önerilir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Split PDF&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.splitpdf.net/"&gt;http://www.splitpdf.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Üyelik gerektirmeyen ve kısa süre içinde  &lt;b&gt;uzun PDF dosyaları bölebileceğiniz &lt;/b&gt;bir site. Örneğin  elinizde 100 sayfalık bir PDF dosya var ve size sade 45 ila 60. sayfalar  arası lazım.&amp;nbsp; Bu siteye girip ilgil iboşluklara 45 ve 60 yazarak bir  iki dakika içinde sadece o sayfalardan oluşan bir &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt; dosya almanız  mümkün!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;Hazırlayan:  A. Erol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-7407509425779321056?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/06/pdf-gelen-dosyalar-cannz-skmasn.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-206391676737951132</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 Jun 2010 10:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-09T12:59:34.939+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çokdilli</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">rusça tercüman</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ingilizce çeviri</category><title>Çok-Dilli Web Siteleri Rekabette Üstünlük Sağlıyor</title><description>Daha birkaç yıl önce şirketler web sitesi geliştirmenin önemini  tartışıyorlardı. Geri dönüşü ne olurdu böyle bir yatırımın? Bugün artık  birçok işletme bir şirketin online varlığının artık o şirketin dünyaya  açılan yüzü olduğuna inanıyor. Yüzünü geleceğe dönen işletmeler web  sitelerini global müşterilerinin kendi dillerine dönüştürme telaşında.&lt;br /&gt;
San Diego’daki Byte Level Research LLC şirketinin kurucu ortağı ve  Beyond Borders: Web Globalization Strategies kitabının yazarı John  Yunker, “Artık, şirketlere hizmet veren firmalar arasında bile her şey  için &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;İngilizce&lt;/a&gt;‘nin yeterli  olacağı görüşü değişti. şirketler tercüme hizmetlerini rekabet  üstünlüğünde bir araç olarak kullanmaya başladılar,” diyor.&lt;br /&gt;
“Ben buna gizli devrim diyorum,” diye ekliyor, ve geçtiğimiz üç yıl  içerisinde Starbucks Corp. kafe zincirinin global web sitelerinin  sayısını iki katına çıkardığını belirtiyor. Araba üreticisi BMW de aynı  yolu izledi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Devrim ucuz bir yatırım değil! &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Byte Level Araştırma şirketine göre, internet kullanıcılarının yüzde  80ine ulaşmak için bir Web sitesinin en az 10 dili desteklemesi  gerekiyor. Bu diller:&lt;br /&gt;
İngilizce, Çince, İspanyolca, Japonca, Almanca, Korece, Fransızca,  İtalyanca, &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;Rusça&lt;/a&gt;, ve  Portekizce. Kaynak: SearchCIO.com – USA&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-206391676737951132?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/06/cok-dilli-web-siteleri-rekabette.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-4798927735609482009</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 Jun 2010 10:57:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-06-09T12:57:51.405+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercüme bürosu açmak</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">yeminli tercüman olmak</category><title>Tercüme Bürosu Açmak: Aşk mı Seks mi?</title><description>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kimler tercüme bürosu açmalı?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Çok tartışılan konulardan biridir bu.. &lt;strong&gt;Tercüme  bürosu açma yetkisi &lt;/strong&gt; kimde olmalı? Herkes tercüme bürosu  açabilmeli mi, yoksa bu &lt;strong&gt;imtiyaz &lt;/strong&gt; birilerinde mi olmalı?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Mütercim tercümanlık ve dil bölümleri  mezunlarının bir çoğu mezun olduktan sonra -eğer çeviri sektöründe  kalacaklarsa- bir &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=392"&gt;tercüme bürosu&lt;/a&gt; açma fikri&lt;/strong&gt;ni  akıllarından geçirirler. Haksız da değillerdir belki.. Ancak&amp;nbsp; tercüme  bürosu sahiplerinin ekser çoğunluğunun çevirmen olmayan kişiler olduğu  ve bu kişiler arasında çok başarılılar olduğu gibi çok başarısızların da  bulunduğu gerçeği üzerinde biraz düşünmeleri gerekir..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Şunu demek istiyorum: herhangi bir  işletme açmak için ilk şart&lt;strong&gt; iyi işletmecilik &lt;/strong&gt;  bilmektir. Çok iyi boya yapıyor olabilirsiniz ama sizden bir müteahhit  olmayabilir. Çok iyi diş çekiyor ve diş tedavisi yapıyor olabilirsiniz  ama işletme bilgisi sizden iyi olan meslek-dışı bir kişi bir diş  hastanesi açabilir ve pekala başarılı idare edebilir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Keşke tercüme bürolarını&amp;nbsp;iyi işletme  bilgisi olan ve bu sektöre sermaye koyabilecek kişiler açsa.. Açsa da,  hem işletme bilgisi sayesinde sektöre bir kalite-kontrol sistemi gelse  hem de parasal güçleri sayesinde tercümanlar mağdur olmasa..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Çevirmenler de -tıpkı diğer meslek  erbabı gibi- mesleklerini zirvede görme ve kimsenin bu zirveye  yanaşmasına tahammül etmeme eğilimindedirler. Aman çevirmenler dışında  kimse çeviri yapmasın.. Aman mütercim tercümanlık mezunları dışında  kimse tercüme bürosu açmasın..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu durumu &lt;strong&gt; sap&lt;/strong&gt; ve &lt;strong&gt;kazma  &lt;/strong&gt;arasındaki bağlantı gibi görüyorum.. Yani&amp;nbsp; tercümanlar &lt;strong&gt;kazma&lt;/strong&gt;,  büro işletmecileri de &lt;strong&gt;sap&lt;/strong&gt;‘tır! Sapla kazmayı birbirine  karıştırmamak gerek.. Tek başına kazma ile bir iş görülmez; tıpkı tek  başına sapın da bir anlam ifade etmeyeceği gibi.. Başına bir sap  geçirmedikçe hiçbir kazma bir işe yaramaz! Bu durumu &lt;strong&gt;menajer-futbolcu  &lt;/strong&gt; ilişkisine de benzetebilirsiniz.. Tek başlarına ikisi de çok  anlamlı olmaz çoğu zaman..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Evet merkezde tercüman vardır ve uzaktan  bakıldığında sadece tercümanın&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt; işgören &lt;/strong&gt;kişi olduğu  sanılır ancak aslında işletmeci &lt;strong&gt;görünmez el&lt;/strong&gt;dir. &lt;strong&gt;Aşk  ve seks&lt;/strong&gt; arasındaki ilişkiye bile benzetilebilir bu garip  durum. Yani çevirmen çeviriye platonik aşıktır ve sevgilisini en fazla  okşamasına izin vardır; ancak çeviriyle seks yapan işletmecidir!&amp;nbsp; Belki  de çeviri yapanlar işletmecileri bu yüzden kıskanır biraz.. İşte tercüme  bürosu açmak isteyen meslek erbabının vermek zorunda oldukları en zor  karar budur. Aslında hepimiz doğru yolu çok iyi biliyoruz: hem sap hem  kazma, hem menajer hem futbolcu, hem çevirmen hem işletmen, &lt;strong&gt;hem  aşk hem seks&lt;/strong&gt;..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Günümüz&amp;nbsp; şartlarını&amp;nbsp;da göz&amp;nbsp;önüne alarak  daha da öteye taşıyalım konuyu.. Hepimizin malumudur, futbol için sadece  futbolcu ve menajer yeterli değildir; yöneticiler, taraftarlar, teknik  direktörler, futbolcular, menajerler ve diğer birimlerden oluşan bir  yapıdır futbol.. Aynı şekilde, sektörümüzün de işletmeciler,  çevirmenler, redaktörler, lokalizörler, son-sunum tasarımcıları, proje  yöneticileri ve diğer birimlerden oluşan bir yapı haline gelmesi için  çalışmamız gerekiyor. Mütercim tercümanlık yapıp &lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=392"&gt;çeviri bürosu&lt;/a&gt; açmak  isteyenlerin önünde bundan böyle iki seçenek olacak: ya tek başlarına  serbest çevirmenlik yapacaklar ya da 11 kişilik bir futbol takımı gibi  bir ekip halinde -ekibin her üyesine sonsuz saygı duyarak- organize  hareket edecekler..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-4798927735609482009?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/06/tercume-burosu-acmak-ask-m-seks-mi.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-8587850501014589960</guid><pubDate>Mon, 26 Apr 2010 17:52:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-26T19:52:16.426+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ceviri dernegi</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercumanlik dernegi</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercuman</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cevirmenin</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cevirmen</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercumanin</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercume dernegi</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cevirmen dernegi</category><title>Canan ve Nurişah: Azim, Mücadele ve Umudu Anlatıyorlar</title><description>&lt;b&gt;Trafik kazası nedeniyle felç olan Canan ve annesi Nurişah azmin ve  mücadelenin en güzel örneğini verdi. Dirsekleriyle bilgisayar kullanan  Canan aranan bir çevirmen, Nurişah'ın ilk romanı listelerde ilk  sıralarda. Onlar yaşamlarıyla üzüntü ve çaresizliklerin bile nasıl  olumlu sonuçlar verebileceğini ispatladılar.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="yazar"&gt;                 &lt;div class="mail"&gt;&lt;b&gt;                   Latife  ŞENCAN&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; latife_sencan@yahoo.com&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="mail"&gt;Adı, Nurişah Kim... İzmir Kız Lisesi'nden arkadaşım. Birlikte  okuduğumuz yıllardan sonra, yollarımızın ayrıldığını sandığım  arkadaşım...&lt;br /&gt;
Çeşitli yaşanmışlıklardan sonra, yıllardan sonra, 1986'da İzmir'e  döndüğümde karşılaştığım bir sınıf arkadaşım sık sık bir araya  geldiklerini, istersem benim de katılabileceğimi söylediğinde, Nurişah  ile yeniden bir araya geldik.&lt;br /&gt;
Evlenmişti... Her zaman renkli, farklı bir kişiliği olan arkadaşımız,  yine farklı bir şey yapmış, İzmir'de yaşayan bir Koreli ile  evlenmişti... Eşinin sünneti, düğünleri hep basının ilgisini çekmiş,  eşinden öğrendiği bir de mesleği olmuştu. Türkiye'nin ilk kadın civciv  seksologu...&lt;br /&gt;
Artık kardeşlerine de öğrettiği görevi, yeni doğmuş civcivleri tavuk  mu horoz mu olacaklarına bakıp cinsiyetlerine göre ayırmak olduğundan,  arkadaşım Türkiye'yi dolaşıyor, o arada büyümekte olan iki kızıyla mutlu  mesut yaşıyordu.&lt;br /&gt;
Taaa ki 1993 Eylül'üne kadar... O yıl büyük kızı Canan Kim'in  Çeşme'de geçirdiği bir trafik kazasıyla hayatları altüst olmuştu.  Sevgili Canan'ın boynu kırılmış, omuriliği zedelenmiş, vücudunun göğüs  hizasından aşağısını hissedemez olmuştu.&lt;br /&gt;
Hastanede yattıkları 6. 5 ay sonunda, önceki evlerinin koşulları  uymadığı için başka bir eve taşınmışlardı. Kızı hastane odasında "Anne  ,çok mu kötüyüm? Sen iyi görünmüyorsun" dediğinde, tüm ailesi ve  arkadaşlarıyla durumu kabullenip hayatın getirdiklerini yaşayacaklarını  kararlaştırmış, isyan etmek yerine koşulları iyileştirmenin yollarını  aramaya başlamışlardı.&lt;br /&gt;
Dünyalar güzeli, neşeli, hareketli ve akıllı Canan, halkoyunları  ekibinde oynuyor, yabancı diller yüksekokulunda okuyordu. Geçirdiği  trafik kazasından sonra ilk yıl öğrenciliğini dondurmuş, ertesi yıl  okuluna asansör yaptırılarak tekerlekli sandalye ile derslerini daha  rahat izleyebilmesi sağlanmıştı.&lt;br /&gt;
Hayat Canan'a göre planlanıyor, tüm düzenlemeler ona göre  yapılıyordu. Canan, bu koşullarda 1997'de üniversiteden mezun oldu.&lt;br /&gt;
Her gün eve gelen fizyoterapist, tıptaki her türlü gelişmeyi umutla  uygulatmak, kök hücre nakli için Kore'ye gidiş gelişler, göğüs altından  bir santim daha altını hissettiğinde yaşanan mutluluklar....&lt;br /&gt;
Durumu kabullenip "Bundan sonra ne yapabilirim?" arayışına girdiğinde  elleri ve parmaklarını hareket ettiremese de dirsekleri ile bilgisayar  kullanabildiğini keşfetmesi, Canan'ın dünyasını değiştirdi.&lt;br /&gt;
Mesleği olan turizmciliği yapamayacaksa da yabancı dil bilgisini  kullanabilir, &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;çevirmenlik&lt;/a&gt; yapabilirdi. Aradığı yayınevlerinden biri onu  kabul etti, çevirileri çok beğenilir olmuştu. Daha sonra Altın Kitaplar  Yayınevi ile anlaşmış, 2007'den bu yana başta Stephan King olmak üzere  birçok kitabın çevirisini üstlenmişti.&lt;br /&gt;
Televizyon haberlerinde Ali Kırca'nın konuğu olduğunda, azmin,  mücadelenin en güzel örneği olarak, başka engellilere umut ışığı  olmuştu. Engelli olmanın hayattan kopmak anlamına gelmediğini, hayata  dahil olarak, meslek sahibi bir kadın olarak dünyaya meydan  okunabileceğini göstermişti.&lt;br /&gt;
Aradan geçen 17 yıl boyunca kızını hiç yalnız bırakmayan, onun  hayatını kolaylaştırmak için elinden gelenin fazlasını yapan ama bu  arada kendine vakit ayırmayı da becerebilen, güzelliğinden, bakımından  taviz vermeyen, sivil toplum kuruluşlarında çalışmayı sürdüren Nurişah  Kim, bir yandan da evde geçirdiği vakitleri farklı konularda yazarak  değerlendirdi.&lt;br /&gt;
Yazdıkları beğenildikçe teşvik gördü, yüreklendirildi, daha sonra  anne ve babasının ısrarlı baskısından kurtulmak için anne ve babasının  yaşam öykülerini yazmaya başladı. Aylar, yıllar süren bir çabanın  sonunda, romanını bitirdi. Kitabına, "Rumeli'den Anadolu'ya Bir Göçmen  Kızı" adını verdi.&lt;br /&gt;
Tam da "Benim kitabımı kim yayınlar ki?" diye düşünürken, Altın  Kitaplar Yayınevi'nden olumlu yanıt geldi. Sonra her şey hızla gelişti.  Kitabı yayınlandı, liste başı oldu, yetmedi, Dan Brown ile Altın  Kitaplar'ın ellinci yıl kokteylinde bir araya geldi.&lt;br /&gt;
Nurişah Kim, yaşamıyla olumsuzlukların, üzüntülerin, çaresizliğin ,  yaşanan sıkıntıların bile nasıl olumlu sonuçlar verebileceğini  ispatladı. TÜYAP Kitap Fuarı'nda okurlarına kitabını imzalarken, farklı  duygular içinde mutluluktan havalara uçuyordu.&lt;br /&gt;
Bu özel kadın, geçtiğimiz hafta Konak Kadın Meclisi'nin konuğu oldu.  Söyleşi öncesinde kitaplarını imzaladı. Türkan Saylan Kültür Merkezi  Benal Nevzat Salonu'nu dolduran izleyicilere arkadaşımı sunarken,  gözyaşlarıma engel olamadım. Arkadaşımın yaşam öyküsünü ve felsefesini  anlattığı konuşması sırasında da salonda duygusal anlar yaşandı.&lt;br /&gt;
Her anne çok özel... Her anne çocuğu için her türlü fedakarlığı  yapmaya hazır... Her anne dünyanın en güzeli, en akıllısı, en eşi  benzeri olmayanı... Ama her anne Nurişah Kim değil...&lt;br /&gt;
Seni seviyorum arkadaşım...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;* Latife Şencan, Sosyolog&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bianet.org/bianet/kultur/121565-canan-ve-nurisah-azim-mucadele-ve-umudu-anlatiyorlar"&gt;Kaynak&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-8587850501014589960?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/canan-ve-nurisah-azim-mucadele-ve-umudu.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-5480625855467602152</guid><pubDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 19:18:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-23T21:18:22.144+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">translation sector</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirinin sorunları</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmenlerin</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri sektörü</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">mütercimlik</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmenlik mesleği</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmenlerin sorunları</category><title>How Does the Economic Crisis Affect the Translation Business?</title><description>Currently, the world is experiencing an economic and financial crisis of proportions not seen since the Great Depression in the 1930s. While all sectors of the economy are affected, some suffer more serious blows than others, depending on their capital needs and their susceptibility to business and consumer behaviour. The &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;translation sector&lt;/a&gt; is suffering a decline in volume and worse may be to come, but its fundamentals are sound.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The good news for translators is that their sector is, by its very nature, in a strong position to weather the economic storms and to emerge relatively unscathed. There are two main reasons for this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Firstly, translation is a labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive business. To keep the basic translation processes going, translators need very little in the way of operational investment or overhead compared with a host of other industries. This means their dependence on banks and other financial service providers is extremely small – which is a reassuring thought given the current hesitance or indeed inability of many banks to accommodate those that depend on them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Secondly, translations are not generally regarded as luxury products. In times of economic hardship, businesses and private consumers alike can be expected to economise on items or services they can do without, and to postpone purchases or acquisitions that are not crucial to their short-term survival or well-being. In most cases however, translations are business necessities that are crucial for effective communication in an international context. A manufacturer that wants to sell its products in China will need to ensure that the Chinese know what it wants to sell and understand their business proposition (and vice versa). And despite the global crisis, globalisation is an ongoing process. Corporations with employees all over the world rely on &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; as their central language of communication, but they operate in a variety of language areas and will have to translate all their critical correspondence, documentation and publicity accordingly if they really want to engage their employees and customers and keep their business running smoothly. Without translation, business would grind to a halt – and it would not take long for that to happen either.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is not to say, of course, that the translation industry is immune to the effects of economic crises. Obviously, if companies in other sectors suffer declining business volumes, their need for translations to accompany operational processes will necessarily diminish. At the same time, there will be a negative knock-on effect on orders for non-essential translations. Examples include company brochures, staff schemes and facilities, publicity documents and the like.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whatever the case may be, however, a company doing business overseas will have to be able to communicate effectively and will, therefore, have a sustained need for basic translation services. The tendency to rely on self-made &lt;a href="http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/"&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; will grow, which may suffice at a very basic level of communication but will obviously have to be supplemented by more advanced and professional services for effective communication in formal operational and legal contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In summary, the economic crisis will fuel a shift in emphasis in the translation business, away from non-essential documents and publications towards core business&lt;br /&gt;
communications that are operationally vital to enable transactions to take place. Inevitably, this shift will leave its mark on translation agencies’ revenues. How should they respond?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is often heard in business that people are a company’s most important assets – a cliché voiced in particular by executives when they are in a flattering mood, or in union statements intended to prevent management boards from making unwelcome decisions. But it is completely true – and perhaps even more so in the translation sector than in many other companies. In hard times, the most important thing to bear in mind for a translation agency is that it simply cannot exist without experienced translators. For that reason, any agency whose first reflex in response to declining revenues is to make its translators redundant, is in fact digging its own grave. An ice-cream manufacturer who decides to sell its ice-cream machines in response to a drop in income may be able to buy new equipment once the crisis is over, but experienced professionals are not so easy to find and when they go, they take a part of your company with them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When figures are falling and the order portfolio is getting thinner, there are all sorts of employment or semi-employment arrangements that can be considered, including freelance contracts, to carry on the relationship with your principal translators even if you can no longer offer them full-time permanent employment in the foreseeable future. Whatever you do, do not sever your ties with your translators, nor suggest that that is what you want to do. Instead, try to find ways of moving your staff on to more flexible types of contract, possibly allowing them, for example, to work for other agencies as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the author&lt;br /&gt;
Jeroen Oomen is co-owner of Het Scandinavisch Vertaalbureau, a translation agency in the Netherlands. After having worked for several translation firms in paid employment, he took the plunge in 2004 and incorporated his own company.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About Translatorium Translations&lt;br /&gt;
Het Scandinavisch Vertaalbureau, established in the Netherlands in 2004, is a professional translation agency with a primary focus on the Dutch and international business community, and on public and semi-public institutions. Our principal strengths lie in the financial, legal and medical sectors, as well as in commerce, advertising and media. Our client base includes some of the largest corporate enterprises in Europe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Article Source: &lt;a href="http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Article/How-Does-the-Economic-Crisis-Affect-the-Translation-Business-/698426"&gt;ABC Article Directory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-5480625855467602152?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/how-does-economic-crisis-affect.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-7346619207894558255</guid><pubDate>Fri, 23 Apr 2010 09:49:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-23T11:49:36.594+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">translators and interpreters</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">translated</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">turkish interpreters</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">lost in translation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">turkish translators</category><title>One third of Ontario courtroom translators fail proficiency tests</title><description>&lt;div class="copy"&gt; &lt;span class="first-letter"&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;ne out of three Ontario courtroom  translators failed proficiency tests administered by the Ministry of the  Attorney-General last year.&lt;br /&gt;
Another third did poorly enough that  they have been placed on probationary status by the ministry, Paul  Burstein, president of the Criminal Lawyers Association, said Monday.&lt;br /&gt;
Mr.  Burstein said the figures were revealed recently by a ministry witness  who was called to testify by Mr. Justice Casey Hill of Ontario Superior  Court, who has expressed repeated concerns in the past about the quality  of translation in the courts.&lt;br /&gt;
The CLA called for an inquiry into  the ministry’s response to the problem. It also urged the province to  make a concerted effort to locate possible wrongful convictions caused  by inadequate courtroom translating. &lt;br /&gt;
“They have had five years to  fix the problem and all they have managed to do is devise a test that  shows their efforts achieved a significant failing grade,” Mr. Burstein  said in an interview. “Enough is enough.”&lt;br /&gt;
In some jurisdictions  with a high immigrant population, such as the Toronto suburb of Peel,  interpreters are called to numerous courtrooms on a daily basis. Mr.  Burstein said it is critical not just for witnesses to understand  questions they are asked, but for defendants to properly instruct their  lawyers.&lt;br /&gt;
“Ask any defence lawyer who has ever done a trial  involving an interpreter and they’ll tell you that it is very common to  have a witness give five or six sentences in a foreign language, and  somehow the interpreter manages to distill it into three English words,”  Mr. Burstein said. “You are not getting the evidence of the witness.  What you are getting is a summary that the interpreter has made which  may or may not be accurate.”&lt;br /&gt;
Mr. Burstein said that 77 of the 225  translators tested by the ministry last June failed outright. “It seems  to me the simplest place to start is take the 77 interpreters who failed  the test, trace back and find what trials they were on, locate the  convictions and … assess whether there may have been a miscarriage of  justice,” he said.&lt;br /&gt;
The issue came to a head in 2005, when Judge  Hill issued a judgment that was critical of translation facilities. Mr.  Burstein said the 34 per cent who failed the test have since lost their  accreditation; the 31 per cent who did poorly enough that they are  conditionally accredited are undergoing further training and being used  primarily for less complex cases.&lt;br /&gt;
None of 31 new recruits who were  among those tested qualified for accreditation, Mr. Burstein said.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/one-third-of-ontario-courtroom-translators-fail-proficiency-tests/article1540053/"&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-7346619207894558255?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/one-third-of-ontario-courtroom.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-6291979540543238542</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 11:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-21T10:09:08.075+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ingilizce</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">translating</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmen</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">interpreting</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">editing</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">türkçe</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">writing</category><title>WhiteSmoke Revolutionizes English Writing, Editing and Grammar  Software</title><description>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Online writing help, new translation dictionaries enhance distinctive writing software.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;                                         &lt;br /&gt;
(&lt;a href="http://www.prweb.com/"&gt;PRWEB&lt;/a&gt;) March 13, 2007 -- WhiteSmoke, the best on-line writing software to help businesses to improve their English, announces two new additions to its suite of writing solutions. Top Expert, an online forum that provides quick answers about English from experts in writing. And WhiteSmokes new translation dictionaries cover seventeen different languages. These new features will serve the global business writer by providing strong enhancements to WhiteSmokes distinctive writing software solution. &lt;br /&gt;
Both online and mortar-and-brick businesses increasingly find English indispensable. Fortune 500 Companies spend $3 Billion a year to teach employees basic English, according to one recent report. Poor English has even cost the British government almost one-billion pounds-for just one badly written pamphlet. Nearly every business in the global marketplace increasingly relies on written English. Many governments, businesses, and others need to write English well. Increasingly, translation has become important in this writing. WhiteSmoke offers a unique and truly comprehensive software solution. &lt;br /&gt;
WhiteSmokes software allows users to achieve perfect English grammar in their writing with English grammar check, English grammar corrector, and English grammar lessons. Users instantly enrich their writing with relevant adjectives, adverbs, and phrases using unique, patented Natural Language Processing technology that allow WhiteSmoke to make context-based suggestions for synonyms and style-enrichment. Its dictionaries provide extensive entries about usage, history, and the subtleties of meaning that other software dictionaries leave out. Its proofreading functions correct grammar and spelling-no matter what software the user has been writing with-but go well beyond that by offering text enrichment, style suggestions, and templates for different writing contexts. &lt;br /&gt;
Not all English writing is the same. WhiteSmoke recognizes that the medical writer, business writer, legal writer, and creative writer each needs a different set of solutions. So WhiteSmoke has developed specialized profiles for Medical, Business, Legal, and Creative writing. Over 600 templates provide examples of typical writing for each area. Writing enhancements, synonyms, and style recommendations are geared to the particular writing. The two new features increase the ability of WhiteSmoke to provide context-sensitive assistance. &lt;br /&gt;
WhiteSmoke's new Top Expert Forum provides users direct access to top-quality online help for: basic English grammar; English vocabulary, idioms and synonyms; verbs and tenses; and punctuation; among other topics. There are also areas for users to provide each other support and feedback on their own writing, to offer templates to each other, and to share solutions. Users ask specific questions and receive answer from Top Experts in English. &lt;br /&gt;
Top Experts are mother-tongue English speakers, including former professional English teachers who know well how to help others with writing. WhiteSmoke employs linguists, former college writing teachers, former high school English teachers and other well-trained professionals to assure that its software and its Top Expert Forums provide the most professional and best English writing help possible. &lt;br /&gt;
"English has become the lingua franca of globalization," says Hilla Ovil-Brenner, WhiteSmoke's CEO. "Our software has been designed to help users get their message across effectively. The new Top Expert Forums provide additional support for difficult writing situations, furthering our goal of providing customers with the best English-writing solutions possible." &lt;br /&gt;
Even with English as the lingua franca of globalization, translating English into another language correctly could make money for a business. And it costs governments millions of dollars to do. However, getting the words right in a medical setting could save lives. WhiteSmokes new suite of translation dictionaries for seventeen languages continues the companys efforts to bridge global communication. The dictionaries serve as an additional feature to its software. &lt;br /&gt;
Globalization has created an explosion of multi-lingual populations all around the world. Translating into different language is complex and time consuming. The new online dictionaries offered by WhiteSmoke to enhance its writing software seeks to alleviate some of these issues. The initial release of the new dictionaries will cover seventeen languages: Arabic, two forms of Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Korean, Polish, European and South American Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. More languages will soon follow. &lt;br /&gt;
But the importance of translation goes beyond mere convenience or even money. Researchers at the University of Michigan recently found that medical translation errors have critical consequences, from misunderstandings that can lead to delays in diagnosis or treatment to unnecessary hospitalizations. Health and life could literally be on the line in the field of medical translation. Yet, little attention has been paid to the accuracy of medical translation. &lt;br /&gt;
"Poor translation in medical settings could potentially cost health and lives," says Ovil-Brenner. WhiteSmoke's award-winning writing software already has distinctive features to improve medical writing and medical terminology. "Now, with WhiteSmoke's entry into the area of translation dictionaries," continues Ovil-Brenner, "we plan to use our medical writing expertise to help." Its rich English dictionary includes idioms, parts of speech, extensive definitions, and a unique comprehensive explanation of each word that help assure accurate usage. &lt;br /&gt;
"Without quality translations of medical documents in the language of their patients, [doctors cannot provide [the best quality care, and patients are at risk for receiving inferior care," says one of the University of Michigan researchers, Dr. Michael Fetters, associate professor of family medicine. The research focused on accurately translating written materials from one language into an equivalent written form in another language. WhiteSmoke's software also focuses on written communication. &lt;br /&gt;
While not necessarily life-threatening, good translation is increasingly mission-critical for governments, courts, and businesses. One estimate has various local and national branches of the British government and courts spending as much as 100 Million Pounds a year on translating documents into other languages. WhiteSmoke sees the Top Expert Forum and the new translation dictionaries as important supplements to the legal writing contexts of its current offering as well as to the medical writing support it provides. &lt;br /&gt;
Translating from English is business-critical as well. One recent business marketing report noted the importance of effectively translating English web pages. "For global companies, translating their content into other languages can be a time-consuming process that delays the launch of new pages and campaigns," writes Mike Moran for WebProNews. WhiteSmoke's translation dictionaries include a specialized business thesaurus in addition to a standard thesaurus. &lt;br /&gt;
In addition to its new translation dictionaries and Top Expert Forum, WhiteSmoke has been offering online English lessons for some time. From short articles on finer points of grammar and punctuation to how-to help on various types of writing (such as letters, business plans, essays, or songs) the online &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; school" at WhiteSmoke provides users help that goes well beyond grammar checking. The whole package is a bit like consulting a personal tutor online. WhiteSmoke adds new content to its web site nearly every day. Now, the new forum adds true interactivity and personalization to its content, as Top Experts reply to specific writing questions. &lt;br /&gt;
All of these innovations grew out of a conversation that Ovil-Brenner, CEO of WhiteSmoke, had with her father. He commented on the poor quality of written English communication among his professional medical colleagues, many of whom spoke English well. Ovil-Brenner decided to find a solution for poor English writing that would be easy to use and really help writers at all levels to improve their English. WhiteSmoke was born from this idea in 2002, and began offering its software early in 2006. It has had great success in selling the software, and many articles have extolled the virtues of the initial product. These new features further WhiteSmokes efforts in the service of improving English writing. &lt;br /&gt;
And WhiteSmoke has arrived on the scene just in time. One research study concluded that poor English disturbs the large English-language customer base for outsourced customer services more than a lack of knowledge or poor service. Service companies have started to rely on written English to avoid misunderstandings due to spoken English. WhiteSmokes solutions and the new features help businesses that, like the customer-service industry, are increasingly reliant on written English. &lt;br /&gt;
Using WhiteSmoke software while writing and consulting with the Top Expert Forum and the English school" will keep businesses writing the best possible &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;English&lt;/a&gt;. The new translation dictionaries help assure that an English word is just the one that the writer meant to use. These new offerings from WhiteSmoke will add important complements to the company's one-click support for medical, business, legal, and creative writing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.whitesmoke.com/" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whitesmoke.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
For more information: Amit Greener / 972-54-8138873 &lt;br /&gt;
Content Sources: &lt;br /&gt;
John Devorre (lawyer fined for bad writing)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1076428397626" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1076428397626&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/02/29/stories/2004022900721600.htm" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/02/29/stories/2004022900721600.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
China crackdown on bad translations&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16783677/%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06290/730579-294.stm" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16783677/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06290/730579-294.stm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fortune 500 spend $3billion&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10004296/%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10004296/&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
India-Pilots sent home&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/travel/pilots-sent-home-due-to-bad-english/2007/02/16/1171405407787.html%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.smh.com.au/news/travel/pilots-sent-home-due-to-bad-english/2007/02/16/1171405407787.html&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
customer service companies moving to English writing&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.netreflector.com/company/pr.asp?p=20060501%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.netreflector.com/company/pr.asp?p=20060501&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
British pamphlet cost nearly 1 billion pounds&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://politics.guardian.co.uk/homeaffairs/story/0,,1996860,00" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://politics.guardian.co.uk/homeaffairs/story/0,,1996860,00&lt;/a&gt;.html&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Medical translation problems&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=3163%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0" onclick="linkClick( this.href );" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=3163&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
# # #&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-6291979540543238542?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/whitesmoke-revolutionizes-english.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-7365418110048059634</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 11:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-19T13:24:56.264+02:00</atom:updated><title>How to Find Translation Work</title><description>&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;h2&gt; Freelance translators should realize more clients are looking for experts in specialized subjects, so you may want to develop a niche  &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p class="byline"&gt;by &lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/bios/Karen_E._Klein.htm"&gt;Karen E. Klein&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I&amp;#39;ve been a freelance translator since I graduated from university in 2004, but I&amp;#39;m having difficulty finding new opportunities. What new methods can I use to find more jobs? —N.A., Cairo, Egypt&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; For a self-employed person, the ideal situation is for you to become the &amp;quot;go-to&amp;quot; professional for translation agencies and corporate clients who have regular translation work that they outsource. Once you prove yourself available, reasonable, and reliable, and make key corporate contacts, you&amp;#39;ll be able to decide how much—or how little—you want to work. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The good news is that translation is a global industry, and one that is constantly growing,&amp;quot; says Nataly Kelly, an author and a senior analyst at business globalization and language services research firm Common Sense Advisory. Her firm predicts that the language services market will hit $24 billion by 2012. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Increasingly, translation agencies and end clients seek specialized subject-matter expertise, so if you don&amp;#39;t have a niche you may want to develop one. &amp;quot;Literary translation is very different from technical translation, and translating business marketing materials is completely unlike translating legal or medical documents, such as informed consent forms. Highlighting your unique skills and experience is essential to differentiating your services from those of other translators,&amp;quot; Kelly says. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;If you are new or little known in the industry, it might help if you offer some free translation work, or volunteer as a translator for charitable group, says Susanne Evens, of AAA Translation in St. Louis. &amp;quot;Free translation work helps you gain experience and exposure, which you can use in your résumé,&amp;quot; she notes. Build a &lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jun2008/sb2008069_643453.htm"&gt;credible Web site&lt;/a&gt; (BusinessWeek.com, 6/9/08) if you don&amp;#39;t already have one. It should list some recent projects and client testimonials if you can get permission to use them. &amp;quot;Include downloadable samples of your work, but if you use actual projects as samples, be sure to redact any of your clients&amp;#39; identifying information before posting,&amp;quot; Kelly says. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Send translation companies your résumé and Web site information. Your résumé should be free of spelling errors and include three references and a translation sample, Evens suggests. If you list all of your specialized skills and areas of interest—even hobbies—that may catch the eye of someone looking for a specialist, Kelly says. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Finally, get registered with the &lt;a href="http://www.atanet.org/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;American Translators Assn.&lt;/a&gt;, and sign up for projects at online translation boards such a &lt;a href="http://www.proz.com/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;www.ProZ.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.elance.com/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;www.elance.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.translationdirectory.com/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;www.TranslationDirectory.com&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://www.translatorscafe.com/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;www.translatorscafe&lt;/a&gt;.com, Evens says. Keep in touch with the industry by reading language translation magazines such as &lt;a href="http://www.multilingual.com/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;www.multilingual.com&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.translations-news.com/" onclick="popup(this.href,770,600);return false;" target="popup"&gt;www.translations-news.com&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Where you live determines how much you will earn. Translators in Denmark, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, and the U.S. earn the most, Kelly says, while those in Bulgaria, China, and Moldova earn the least. Stats from Common Sense Advisory show that translators based in Egypt earn around $20,000 annually, Kelly says. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="tagline"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/bios/Karen_E._Klein.htm" target="_new"&gt;Karen E. Klein&lt;/a&gt; is a Los Angeles-based writer who covers entrepreneurship and small-business issues. &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="tagline"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/sep2008/sb2008099_904198.htm"&gt;Source&lt;span id="goog_995782437"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="goog_995782438"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-7365418110048059634?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/how-to-find-translation-work.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-3585020338166800367</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 11:20:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-21T10:10:24.017+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercume</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ceviri</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercume burosu</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercume burolari</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercuman</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">mütercim tercuman</category><title>Translator Volunteers, 'Angels' Come to Quake-Hit Yushu</title><description>&lt;span class="fbody" id="zoom"&gt;After Yushu was hit by an earthquake on April 14, the Communist Youth League Committee of Sichuan province recruited 100 Chinese-Tibetan translator volunteers as soon as possible to participate in the rescue work in quake-hit area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the night of April 15, those translator volunteers had been sent to hospitals to take the jobs of translating, accompanying and transferring the wounded.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of those volunteers are students of Southwest University for Nationalities, and they can communicate well with the wounded. For some student volunteers, their home is Yushu, but they swallowed their grief and contributed their best just like angels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="fbody" id="zoom"&gt;&lt;img height="375" src="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/mediafile/201004/19/P201004191619081639719146.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;A volunteer (L) from the quake-hit Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture interprets for the doctor at the 1st affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, northwest China's Shannxi province, April 18, 2010. Many volunteers of the Tibetan ethnic group supplied oral interpretation service in hospitals in Xi'an, where injured people from the quake-hit Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of northwest China's Qinghai Province are treated. (Xinhua/Hou Zhi)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="fbody" id="zoom"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;By People's Daily Online&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-3585020338166800367?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/translator-volunteers-angels-come-to.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-8274096735222112343</guid><pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 11:18:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-19T13:18:56.644+02:00</atom:updated><title>Jibbigo Announces English to Chinese Speech Translation App on iPhone</title><description>&lt;b&gt;Software runs on iPhone with no dependency on Google servers&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div class="markdown"&gt; &lt;p&gt;Jibbigo, the world&amp;#39;s first and leading speech-to-speech translation app, will release its English/Chinese version for the iPhone 3GS and 2nd generation iTouch on &lt;span&gt;April 19&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Jibbigo, because it relies on software that resides completely on the device, enables transparent communication across cultures by voice without the need for data links to a large network server.  Threats such as the potential shutdown of Google over censorship claims in &lt;span&gt;China&lt;/span&gt; illustrate the flaws in dependence on a large network server for all communication.  Jibbigo is bi-directional, and accepts English or Chinese speech and speaks out a translation in the other.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Jibbigo runs on your iPhone without the need for a network server.  You can converse with your Chinese partners without the worry, cost or dependency on data links or large network servers,&amp;quot; said Dr. &lt;span&gt;Alex Waibel&lt;/span&gt;, founder of Jibbigo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Jibbigo is a product of Mobile Technologies, a start-up founded by Dr. Waibel, a &lt;span&gt;Carnegie Mellon University&lt;/span&gt; professor. The English/Japanese version of Jibbigo quickly became the number-one grossing app in &lt;span&gt;Japan&lt;/span&gt; and the most downloaded travel application at the iTunes &lt;span&gt;Japan&lt;/span&gt; store when it launched in January. Jibbigo is also available in an English/Spanish version and the company is working on additional languages.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;One of our main goals in creating Jibbigo is to make it possible for people to communicate transparently, without barriers,&amp;quot; said Dr. Waibel. &amp;quot;With this release of Jibbigo, English and Chinese speakers will be able to converse, in real time, in their own languages, simply by using an app. No Internet connection will be required.&amp;quot; Jibbigo also offers a dictionary, features for correction, and new name entry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;At the heart of Jibbigo is bi-directional, natural speech-to-speech translation software that lets speakers of two languages converse in their own spoken languages. Jibbigo is not a dictionary or a phrase book, but a speech translator: One person speaks a sentence naturally in English or Chinese into Jibbigo, and Jibbigo speaks the sentence aloud in the other language, much like a personal human interpreter would.  Jibbigo also shows the recognition and translation as text on the app screen.  Chinese text is shown in Chinese and/or Roman characters. This allows Western users to play back the Chinese speech but also see how the Chinese characters are pronounced.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About Jibbigo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Jibbigo is a product of Mobile Technologies, a start-up founded by &lt;span&gt;Carnegie Mellon University&lt;/span&gt; professor Dr. &lt;span&gt;Alex Waibel&lt;/span&gt;. The mission of Jibbigo and Mobile Technologies is to eliminate language and translation barriers around the world that limit transparency in communication.  The company maintains a strong research partnership with the International Center for Advanced Communication Technologies, at &lt;span&gt;Carnegie Mellon University&lt;/span&gt; in &lt;span&gt;Pittsburgh&lt;/span&gt; and Silicon Valley and at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, &lt;span&gt;Germany&lt;/span&gt;.  Jibbigo is currently available at the Apple iTunes store for the iPhone 3GS and late generation iTouch in English/Spanish, English/Japanese and English/Chinese.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;SOURCE Jibbigo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-8274096735222112343?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/jibbigo-announces-english-to-chinese.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-9088617403278398704</guid><pubDate>Sun, 18 Apr 2010 12:01:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-23T21:19:46.349+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">trados</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri işleri</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">google translator toolkit</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmenlik</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercüme</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmen ilanları</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">mütercim tercüman ilanları</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">proz</category><title>Google Translator Toolkit: Artıları ve Eksileri</title><description>&lt;span class="undertitle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Haberi henüz olmayanlar için tekrar  hatırlatalım.. Google, çevirmenlerin ve &lt;a href="http://www.ankaraceviri.com/"&gt;çeviri&lt;/a&gt; sektörünün geleceğini  kökünden değiştirebilecek &lt;b&gt;Google Translator Toolkit&lt;/b&gt;  adında bir arayüz (API) geliştirdi.. Milyonlarca çevirmen artık  çevirilerini aynı &lt;b&gt;workbench &lt;/b&gt;üzerinde yapacak ve  katrilyonlarca çeviri birimi yaratılacak! Bu arayüz &lt;b&gt;crowdsourcing&lt;/b&gt;  olarak adlandırılabilecek sistemin en kapsamlı örneği yanılmıyorsam.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/wp-content/uploads/translator-kit-11.png"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-299" height="312" src="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/wp-content/uploads/translator-kit-11.png" title="translator-kit-1" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Devrim &lt;/b&gt;niteliğindeki bu  arayüz, akıllıca kullanabilen tercümanlar için çok büyük katma değer  yaratabilecek nitelikte yenilikler getiriyor ve bu yeniliklere sürekli  ilaveler yapılıyor! &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;SDL  Trados&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ile tanışanlar bu aracı çok hızlı çözecektir ancak  bu yazıda bilmeyenler için bu aracı kısaca anlatıp, artılarına ve  eksilerine kısaca değineceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Aracın tercümanları ilgilendiren en  önemli özelliği, &lt;b&gt;TMX &lt;/b&gt;ortamında çeviri belleği yükleyip  bu belleği yapacağınız (veya mevcut) çevirilerle geliştirebilmenize  olanak sağlaması. Çeviri belleği yüklemek için sol tarafta bulunan &lt;b&gt;Translation  Memories &lt;/b&gt;bölümüne gidip &lt;b&gt;Add &lt;/b&gt;butonuna basmanız  gerekiyor. Bilgisayarınızda varolan bir TMX dosyayı  yükleyebiliyorsunuz. &lt;b&gt;TMX &lt;/b&gt;dosya nedir bilmiyorsanız, &lt;span style="color: red;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://jump.fm/NYJTM"&gt;şuradan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  (&lt;a href="http://jump.fm/NYJTM"&gt;http://jump.fm/NYJTM&lt;/a&gt;) göz  atabilirsiniz. Bu dosyayı &lt;b&gt;Notepad (Not Defteri)&lt;/b&gt; ile  açıp düzenleyip kaydedebilir ve &lt;b&gt;Google Translator Kit&lt;/b&gt;’e  yükleyebilirsiniz deneme olması bakımından. Bu belleği yükledikten  sonra sadece buradaki bir cümlenin olduğu bir Word dosyasını arayüze  yükleyin çevrilmek üzere.. Bu Word dosyasının daha önce yüklediğiniz TMX  çeviri belleğine göre otomatik olarak çevrildiğini göreceksiniz..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/wp-content/uploads/translator-kit-2.png"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-300" height="135" src="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/wp-content/uploads/translator-kit-2-300x135.png" title="translator-kit-2" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Bu çeviri belleğinde&amp;nbsp; (TMX dosyası)  3 örnek cümle var İngilizce ve Türkçe çevirisiyle. Bu üç cümleden  birini bir daha çevirmeniz gerektiğinde bellekteki çevirisi otomatik  olarak karşınıza gelir. Yani bu sistemde, başta Google olmak üzere  elinde hacimli çeviri belleği olanlar gücü elinde tutacak.. Örneğin 3  cümle yerine 30.000 çevrilmiş cümleniz olduğunda artık çeviri işleriniz  daha otomatikleşmiş olacak. İsterseniz bu bellekleri istediğiniz  kişilerle paylaşabilirsiniz. Bu da sistemin çok önemli bir özelliği..  Yani &lt;b&gt;ekip halinde çeviri &lt;/b&gt;(teamsourcing)  yapabiliyorsunuz! Aynı dosya üzerinde birçok tercüman ekip halinde  çalışabilecek. Çeviri belleklerinizi paylaşıp paylaşmamak –her çeviri  belleği yüklediğinizde- sizin vereceğiniz bir karar. Başkalarının  herkesin erişimine açtığı çevirilerden de yararlanabiliyorsunuz bu  arada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Upload &lt;/b&gt;özelliği ile  istediğiniz dosyayı &lt;b&gt;Toolkit&lt;/b&gt;’e yükleyip, yüklediğiniz  dosyayı ister makine çevirisiyle (&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Google  Translate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) ister kendi belleğiniz ile çevirebiliyorsunuz.  Belleğinizi daha sonra &lt;b&gt;Download &lt;/b&gt;edip düzenleme şansınız  da var tabi. Yüklenebilen dosya türleri şunlar:&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;AdWords Editor Archive (.aea)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;HTML (.html)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Microsoft Word (.doc)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;OpenDocument Text (.odt)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Plain Text (.txt)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Rich Text (.rtf)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;SubRip (.srt)&lt;br /&gt;
•&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;SubViewer (.sub)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Başka bir özellik de web sitelerini  çevirebilme özelliği. Bu özellik de web sitesi çevirisi isteyenlerin  ihtiyaçlarını karşılama konusunda size kesinlikle çok kolaylık  sağlayacak. Herhangi bir web sitesinin çevirisini yapıp  kaydedebilmenizin yanında &lt;b&gt;Wikipedia &lt;/b&gt;ve &lt;b&gt;Knol &lt;/b&gt;gibi  sitelerin istediğiniz sayfasını çevirip yayınlayabiliyorsunuz. Örneğin &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com/"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;’daki İngilizce bir  maddeyi Türkçe’ye çevirip yayınlayabilirsiniz. Bu özelliklerin  Wikipedia’yı şimdiki halinin yüzlerce katı büyüteceğine hiç şüphe yok.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Tabi ekip halinde çalışıyorsanız,  çevirmenlerin ortak kullanımına sunulacak bir sözlüğü de bu arayüze  yükleyip &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;çeviri&lt;/a&gt; dilinin  uyumlu olmasını sağlayabiliyorsunuz. Yani birlikte çeviri yaptığınız  çevirmenlerin aynı sözlükten yararlanarak çeviri yapmasını  sağlayabilirsiniz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Şurası kesin ki bu aracın çevirmenler  için avantajı sayısız olacak ancak dezavantajı da çok fazla olacak. Bir  kere Türkiye’deki çevirmen sayısı artık onbinlerle değil binlerle ifade  edilebilecek ve sıradan bir kişi bile hazır bellekleri kullanarak  elindeki çevirileri yapabilecek! Bu yazılı çevirmenler için  dezavantajı.. Sözlü yapanlar için dezavantajı da ileride ortaya çıkacak  ve Google elindeki çeviri belleklerini de kullanarak tüm dillerde  karşılıklı çeviriyi çok rahatlıkla yapabilecek.. Kaçınılmaz bir gelişme  bu.. Burada ve farklı ortamlarda bu gelişmenin yararlarını zararlarını  tartışacağız ama 2-3 sene sonra Google’ın çok yol aldığını görüp geride  kalmış olmamızdan da çekiniyorum.. Google oyun oynamıyor! Milyonlarca  akademisyenin, çevirmenin, yazarın yüzlerce yıldır tartıştığı çeviri ve  çeviribilim alanını bir anda bambaşka bir yöne çevirmeyi başardı.  Aslında bilenler ve görenler bu gelişmelerin işaret fişeklerinin çoktan  beri yandığını biliyordu.. Neyse, çok söz yanlışsız olmaz..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Burada anlattığım rotayı izleyerek bir  iki deneme yaparsanız bu arayüzü büyük oranda çözersiniz.. &lt;b&gt;Gerisi  size kalmış! &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" height="340" width="550"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /&gt;&lt;param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/C7W2NJFdoIg&amp;amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;amp;hl=en_US&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;fs=1" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /&gt;&lt;embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="550" height="340" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/C7W2NJFdoIg&amp;amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;amp;hl=en_US&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;fs=1" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;Düşünen ve Yazan: A.Erol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kaynak: &lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=292"&gt;http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=292&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-9088617403278398704?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/google-translator-toolkit-artlar-ve.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total><enclosure url="http://www.youtube.com/v/C7W2NJFdoIg&amp;amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;amp;hl=en_US&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;fs=1" length="1068" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><media:content url="http://www.youtube.com/v/C7W2NJFdoIg&amp;amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;amp;hl=en_US&amp;amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;fs=1" fileSize="1068" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /><itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit><itunes:subtitle> Haberi henüz olmayanlar için tekrar hatırlatalım.. Google, çevirmenlerin ve çeviri sektörünün geleceğini kökünden değiştirebilecek Google Translator Toolkit adında bir arayüz (API) geliştirdi.. Milyonlarca çevirmen artık çevirilerini aynı workbench üzeri</itunes:subtitle><itunes:author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</itunes:author><itunes:summary> Haberi henüz olmayanlar için tekrar hatırlatalım.. Google, çevirmenlerin ve çeviri sektörünün geleceğini kökünden değiştirebilecek Google Translator Toolkit adında bir arayüz (API) geliştirdi.. Milyonlarca çevirmen artık çevirilerini aynı workbench üzerinde yapacak ve katrilyonlarca çeviri birimi yaratılacak! Bu arayüz crowdsourcing olarak adlandırılabilecek sistemin en kapsamlı örneği yanılmıyorsam.Devrim niteliğindeki bu arayüz, akıllıca kullanabilen tercümanlar için çok büyük katma değer yaratabilecek nitelikte yenilikler getiriyor ve bu yeniliklere sürekli ilaveler yapılıyor! SDL Trados ile tanışanlar bu aracı çok hızlı çözecektir ancak bu yazıda bilmeyenler için bu aracı kısaca anlatıp, artılarına ve eksilerine kısaca değineceğiz.Aracın tercümanları ilgilendiren en önemli özelliği, TMX ortamında çeviri belleği yükleyip bu belleği yapacağınız (veya mevcut) çevirilerle geliştirebilmenize olanak sağlaması. Çeviri belleği yüklemek için sol tarafta bulunan Translation Memories bölümüne gidip Add butonuna basmanız gerekiyor. Bilgisayarınızda varolan bir TMX dosyayı yükleyebiliyorsunuz. TMX dosya nedir bilmiyorsanız, şuradan (http://jump.fm/NYJTM) göz atabilirsiniz. Bu dosyayı Notepad (Not Defteri) ile açıp düzenleyip kaydedebilir ve Google Translator Kit’e yükleyebilirsiniz deneme olması bakımından. Bu belleği yükledikten sonra sadece buradaki bir cümlenin olduğu bir Word dosyasını arayüze yükleyin çevrilmek üzere.. Bu Word dosyasının daha önce yüklediğiniz TMX çeviri belleğine göre otomatik olarak çevrildiğini göreceksiniz..Bu çeviri belleğinde&amp;nbsp; (TMX dosyası) 3 örnek cümle var İngilizce ve Türkçe çevirisiyle. Bu üç cümleden birini bir daha çevirmeniz gerektiğinde bellekteki çevirisi otomatik olarak karşınıza gelir. Yani bu sistemde, başta Google olmak üzere elinde hacimli çeviri belleği olanlar gücü elinde tutacak.. Örneğin 3 cümle yerine 30.000 çevrilmiş cümleniz olduğunda artık çeviri işleriniz daha otomatikleşmiş olacak. İsterseniz bu bellekleri istediğiniz kişilerle paylaşabilirsiniz. Bu da sistemin çok önemli bir özelliği.. Yani ekip halinde çeviri (teamsourcing) yapabiliyorsunuz! Aynı dosya üzerinde birçok tercüman ekip halinde çalışabilecek. Çeviri belleklerinizi paylaşıp paylaşmamak –her çeviri belleği yüklediğinizde- sizin vereceğiniz bir karar. Başkalarının herkesin erişimine açtığı çevirilerden de yararlanabiliyorsunuz bu arada.Upload özelliği ile istediğiniz dosyayı Toolkit’e yükleyip, yüklediğiniz dosyayı ister makine çevirisiyle (Google Translate) ister kendi belleğiniz ile çevirebiliyorsunuz. Belleğinizi daha sonra Download edip düzenleme şansınız da var tabi. Yüklenebilen dosya türleri şunlar: •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;AdWords Editor Archive (.aea) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;HTML (.html) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Microsoft Word (.doc) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;OpenDocument Text (.odt) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Plain Text (.txt) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Rich Text (.rtf) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;SubRip (.srt) •&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;SubViewer (.sub)Başka bir özellik de web sitelerini çevirebilme özelliği. Bu özellik de web sitesi çevirisi isteyenlerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılama konusunda size kesinlikle çok kolaylık sağlayacak. Herhangi bir web sitesinin çevirisini yapıp kaydedebilmenizin yanında Wikipedia ve Knol gibi sitelerin istediğiniz sayfasını çevirip yayınlayabiliyorsunuz. Örneğin Wikipedia’daki İngilizce bir maddeyi Türkçe’ye çevirip yayınlayabilirsiniz. Bu özelliklerin Wikipedia’yı şimdiki halinin yüzlerce katı büyüteceğine hiç şüphe yok. Tabi ekip halinde çalışıyorsanız, çevirmenlerin ortak kullanımına sunulacak bir sözlüğü de bu arayüze yükleyip çeviri dilinin uyumlu olmasını sağlayabiliyorsunuz. Yani birlikte çeviri yaptığınız çevirmenlerin aynı sözlükten yararlanarak çeviri yapmasını sağlayabilirsiniz.Şurası kesin ki bu aracın çevirmenler için avantajı sayısız olacak ancak dezavantajı da çok fazla olacak. Bir kere Türkiye’deki çevirmen sayısı artık onbinlerle değil binlerle ifade edilebilecek ve sıradan bir kişi bile hazır bellekleri kullan</itunes:summary><itunes:keywords>trados, çeviri işleri, google translator toolkit, çevirmenlik, tercüme, çevirmen ilanları, mütercim tercüman ilanları, proz</itunes:keywords></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-1823167425246533666</guid><pubDate>Sat, 17 Apr 2010 07:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-18T14:16:50.020+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmenler</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercüman</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercümanlık bölümü</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviribilim</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmen</category><title>Karlofça Antlaşması Tercümanı Aleksandro Mavrokordato</title><description>*Karlofça Antlaşması Tercümanı Aleksandro Mavrokordato* &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&amp;amp;q=http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/%3Fp%3D273&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNEcRnJIEO17HZRqpB_JrrxCuSmGLA"&gt;http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=273&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;*Osmanlı Devletinde Tercümanlık* &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&amp;amp;q=http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/%3Fp%3D265&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGDuwpHQv7OJunFOFt4VOI6u-Fc3Q"&gt;http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=265&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Altay Dil Ailesi* &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&amp;amp;q=http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/%3Fp%3D249&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGvgQhrelWWB0Zvp_hRyVhl4osz7w"&gt;http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=249&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Çevirmenler için Powerball* &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&amp;amp;q=http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/%3Fp%3D242&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNE_sBVC2p1S6cKCJP-FrZ53WZhgLA"&gt;http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=242&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Serbest Çevirmen Kontrol Listesi* &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&amp;amp;q=http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/%3Fp%3D208&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHYFJkOashKrWO7pNyJAIzkX_7Q0g"&gt;http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/?p=208&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Yazılı ve Sözlü Çevirinin Kavşak Noktası: Sight  Translation* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Bir Çeviri Harikası: Temel Reis* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Tercüme Odası Tekrar Kurulmalıdır* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Google Translator Toolkit (Çevirmen Araç Seti)* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Ulusal Sorunlar ve Çevirmenler* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Shakespeare Çevirmenin Sınavıdır..* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Yeminli Tercüman * &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*Yeminli Sözlük* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*ÇEVİRMEN NASIL ÇALIŞIR? / VİDEOLAR* &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;-- &lt;br /&gt;
Tercüme / Çeviri Sözlüğü &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/p&gt;Yeminli Mütercim Tercümanların Buluşma Adresi &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&amp;amp;q=http://www.yeminlitercuman.com&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNF36zVKmI6Flqpo1RaB4F818H4IOg"&gt;http://www.yeminlitercuman.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-1823167425246533666?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/karlofca-antlasmas-tercuman-aleksandro.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-9006053648138970583</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 10:27:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-15T12:27:59.126+02:00</atom:updated><title>Constitutional Right to an Interpreter Throughout the Proceedings</title><description>&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;35 Cal.3d 785 (1984)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt; &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;677 P.2d 1198&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt; &lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;200 Cal. Rptr. 908&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt; &lt;center&gt;&lt;h3 id="gsl_case_name"&gt;THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent,&lt;br&gt; v.&lt;br&gt; MARCELLO MATA AGUILAR, Defendant and Appellant.&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/center&gt; &lt;center&gt;Docket No. Crim. 23237.&lt;/center&gt; &lt;center&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Supreme Court of California.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/center&gt;  &lt;center&gt;April 5, 1984.&lt;/center&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;787&lt;/a&gt; COUNSEL&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Quin Denvir, State Public Defender, under appointment by the Court of  Appeal, and Lisa Short, Deputy State Public Defender, for Defendant and  Appellant.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;George Deukmejian and John K. Van de Kamp, Attorneys General, Robert  H. Philibosian, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Arnold O. Overoye,  Assistant Attorney General, Robert D. Marshall, Eileen Ceranowski, Eddie  T. Keller, Jane N. Kirkland and Karen Ziskind, Deputy Attorneys  General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;OPINION&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;REYNOSO, J.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The right of a criminal defendant to an interpreter is based on the  fundamental notion that no person should be subjected to a Kafkaesque  trial which may result in the loss of freedom and liberty. We granted  hearing in this case to determine the scope of interpreter assistance  which article I, section 14 of the California Constitution requires be  afforded a non-English speaking criminal defendant. The trial court  properly appointed an interpreter for the accused, Marcello Mata  Aguilar, after observing him and speaking with him at his arraignment.  That interpreter, however, became unavailable to the defendant during  the testimony of two Spanish speaking prosecution witnesses. Mata  Aguilar&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[1]" name="r[1]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; was convicted  by the jury and he challenges that conviction.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Defendant&amp;#39;s central contention on appeal is that the trial court&amp;#39;s  interference with his exclusive access to the interpreter throughout the  proceedings deprived him of a constitutional right.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We hold that article I, section 14, requires that when an interpreter  is appointed for a non-English speaking accused, the accused has a  constitutional right to the assistance of the interpreter throughout the  entire proceeding. Accordingly, we find constitutional error in the  proceedings below.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;788&lt;/a&gt; 1. How the Problem Arose&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p&gt;On July 21, 1981, an altercation occurred between two farmworkers  employed by Alfred Orosco Ramirez, a Sutter County labor contractor. The  two employees, Jose Chaidez and Marcello Mata Aguilar both lived at the  nearby labor camp. As the argument between the two Spanish speaking  employees became heated, a crowd of fellow employees gathered. The  argument escalated into a physical confrontation. Chaidez, the ultimate  victim in this case, was the aggressor. The small crowd, which included  Chaidez&amp;#39; son, Jose Aurelio Chaidez, witnessed the events; several  persons unsuccessfully attempted to intervene.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Chaidez, who was heavier and taller than Mata Aguilar, delivered  several blows to the defendant which caused him to be knocked down.  Chaidez then picked up a large stick approximately 30 inches long and  threatened and yelled at defendant. Frightened and in pain, defendant  got up and retreated to his nearby sleeping quarters where he retrieved  his rifle which he kept loaded. Defendant emerged from the building and  advanced toward Chaidez. As Chaidez dropped the large stick, defendant  fired a single shot.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The police arrived shortly thereafter. They ascertained that Chaidez  was dead. Police Detective Wilbur Terry located defendant and took him  to the sheriff&amp;#39;s department to be interviewed. During the interview,  Detective Terry learned that defendant could neither read or write  Spanish, his native language, nor could he read or write English. He  could speak only broken English. After being advised of his  constitutional rights, defendant agreed to give the detective a  statement.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[2]" name="r[2]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; On August 19,  1981, defendant was charged with murder in violation of Penal Code  section 187 and use of a firearm within the meaning of Penal Code  section 12022.5.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[3]" name="r[3]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;789&lt;/a&gt; At defendant&amp;#39;s jury trial, the court  appointed an interpreter for him.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[4]" name="r[4]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; However, his  interpreter was &amp;quot;borrowed&amp;quot; by the court to function as a witness  interpreter for the benefit of the court and jury when Jose Aurelio  Chaidez and Alfred Orosco Ramirez, two prosecution witnesses, were  called to testify against him. Chaidez was the first witness for the  prosecution. Because he was Spanish speaking, the prosecution suggested  that he would need &amp;quot;the interpreter.&amp;quot; Defense counsel, without  consulting defendant, acquiesced in the &amp;quot;borrowing&amp;quot; of the interpreter.  Chaidez, the only eyewitness other than defendant, testified about the  verbal argument that preceded the physical altercation, the actions of  his father and defendant prior to the shooting of his father, and  defendant&amp;#39;s conduct after the shooting. &lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;790&lt;/a&gt;  Orosco Ramirez was the last witness called by the prosecution. The court  again directed that defendant&amp;#39;s interpreter assist the witness in  testifying against him. Counsel, again without consulting defendant,  acquiesced in this suggestion. Although defense counsel cross-examined  Chaidez, no cross-examination of Orosco Ramirez was conducted.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2&gt;2. The Solution: Constitutional Right to an Interpreter  Throughout the Proceedings&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h2&gt;a. &lt;i&gt;The Parameters of the Right&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p&gt;(1a) Article I, section 14 of the California Constitution was amended  in 1974 by vote of the electorate to provide that &amp;quot;[a] person unable to  understand English who is charged with a crime has a right to an  interpreter &lt;i&gt;throughout the proceedings.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;quot; (Italics added.) The  trial court correctly appointed an interpreter for Mata Aguilar, thus  complying with the portion of the Constitution which guarantees that an  interpreter be provided. However, the trial court failed to follow the  last three words of the constitutional provision — &amp;quot;throughout the  proceedings&amp;quot; — when it deprived Mata Aguilar of that right by using his  interpreter to translate for the prosecution&amp;#39;s witnesses. California&amp;#39;s  Constitution does not provide a half measure of protection. Rather, it  requires that when an interpreter is appointed for a criminal defendant,  that interpreter must be provided to aid the accused during the whole  course of the proceedings.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(2) Interpreters play three different but essential roles in criminal  proceedings: &amp;quot;(1) They make the questioning of a non-English-speaking  witness possible; (2) they facilitate the non-English-speaking  defendant&amp;#39;s understanding of the colloquy between the attorneys, the  witness, and the judge; and (3) they enable the non-English speaking  defendant and his English-speaking attorney to communicate ... an  interpreter performing the first service will be called a `witness  interpreter,&amp;#39; one performing the second service, a `proceedings  interpreter,&amp;#39; and one performing the third service a `defense  interpreter.&amp;#39;&amp;quot; (Chang &amp;amp; Araujo, &lt;i&gt;Interpreters for the Defense: Due  Process for the Non-English-Speaking Defendant&lt;/i&gt; (1975) 63 Cal.L.Rev.  801, 802; hereinafter cited as Chang &amp;amp; Araujo.) While the three  roles are interrelated they are distinct.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The defendant&amp;#39;s right to understand the instructions and rulings of  the judge, the questions and objections of defense counsel and the  prosecution, as well as the testimony of the witnesses is a continuous  one. At moments crucial to the defense — when evidentiary rulings and  jury instructions are given by the court, when damaging testimony is  being introduced — the non-English speaking defendant who is denied the  assistance of an interpreter, &lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;791&lt;/a&gt; is unable  to communicate with the court or with counsel and is unable to  understand and participate in the proceedings which hold the key to  freedom.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[5]" name="r[5]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (1b) Thus, the  &amp;quot;borrowing&amp;quot; of the interpreter, the accused&amp;#39;s only means of  communicating with defense counsel and understanding the proceedings,  was a denial of a constitutional right.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[6]" name="r[6]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Our conclusion finds support in recent Court of Appeal rulings. &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=9496386029606552613&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Chavez&lt;/i&gt; (1981) 124 Cal. App.3d 215 [177 Cal. Rptr. 306],&lt;/a&gt;  held that a non-English speaking criminal defendant had been denied his  constitutional right to receive interpreter assistance throughout the  proceedings. The defendant was wholly without an interpreter during  portions of the preliminary proceedings dealing with his competence to  stand trial. In &lt;i&gt;Chavez,&lt;/i&gt; defense counsel acted as an interpreter  when Chavez was arraigned (&lt;i&gt;Id.,&lt;/i&gt; at p. 221); a court-appointed  official interpreter was provided for the entry of the plea&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[7]" name="r[7]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Id.,&lt;/i&gt; at  pp. 222-223); and an unofficial interpreter was provided for part of  the sentencing process.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[8]" name="r[8]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The Court of  Appeal noted that prior to the 1974 amendment of article I, section 14,  an interpreter was only required wherever it was &amp;quot;necessary&amp;quot; as a matter  of due process. (See &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15343980173930752243&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Annett&lt;/i&gt; (1967) 251 Cal. App.2d 858, 861-862 [59 Cal. Rptr.  888]&lt;/a&gt;.) The court went on to note, however, that &amp;quot;Article I, Section  14, now grants a non-English-speaking defendant the distinct right to an  interpreter `throughout the proceedings.&amp;#39;&amp;quot; (&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=9496386029606552613&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Chavez, supra,&lt;/i&gt; 124 Cal. App.3d at p. 221&lt;/a&gt;.) Accordingly,  the court found constitutional error in the trial court proceedings.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;792&lt;/a&gt; Recently, in &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=18022253944724120686&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Menchaca&lt;/i&gt; (1983) 146 Cal. App.3d 1019 [194 Cal. Rptr. 691],&lt;/a&gt;  the Court of Appeal found, &amp;quot;nothing short of a sworn interpreter at  defendant&amp;#39;s elbow,&amp;quot; will satisfy the article I, section 14 guarantee to  an interpreter throughout the proceedings. (&lt;i&gt;Id.&lt;/i&gt; at p. 1025.) That  case involved a Spanish speaking criminal defendant who was illiterate  and neither spoke nor understood English. Like defendant Mata Aguilar,  Menchaca was initially provided with an interpreter but the interpreter  was removed during the testimony of a prosecution witness.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[9]" name="r[9]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In concluding that a constitutional error had occurred, the &lt;i&gt;Menchaca&lt;/i&gt;  court took judicial notice that when an interpreter is utilized at  trial, the interpreter and the witness speak to each other at relatively  close range. The court stated, &amp;quot;Under such circumstances, it cannot be  assumed a defendant clearly hears and understands the question and  answer exchange in Spanish.&amp;quot; (&lt;i&gt;Id.&lt;/i&gt; at p. 1024.) The court observed  that even if the defendant could understand the &lt;i&gt;answers&lt;/i&gt; of the  witness, it was not established that the defendant understood the  testimony because, &amp;quot;[w]ithout a clear understanding of the &lt;i&gt;questions,&lt;/i&gt;  such testimony is essentially meaningless.&amp;quot; (&lt;i&gt;Ibid.,&lt;/i&gt; italics  added.) Finally, the court mentioned that when acting as a witness  interpreter, the same interpreter could not provide the defendant with  translation of other integral parts of the proceedings, such as the  open-court colloquy between bench and counsel and the rulings of the  court. (&lt;i&gt;Id.&lt;/i&gt; at p. 1025.) These concerns, of course, are equally  applicable to the case at bench.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We find persuasive discussion in federal case law. One such case  addresses the issue of interpreter assistance principally in terms of  the right of confrontation under the Sixth Amendment of the United  States Constitution. In &lt;i&gt;U.S.&lt;/i&gt; ex. rel. &lt;i&gt;Negron&lt;/i&gt; v. &lt;i&gt;New  York&lt;/i&gt; (2d Cir.1970) 434 F.2d 386, the appellate court found  constitutional error in the failure of the trial court to provide a  Spanish speaking defendant with an interpreter notwithstanding the fact  that a prosecution interpreter provided the accused with periodic  summaries of the proceedings. &amp;quot;The least we can require is that a court,  put on notice of a defendant&amp;#39;s severe language difficulty, make  unmistakably clear to him that he has a right to have a competent  translator to assist him, at state expense if need be, &lt;i&gt;throughout his  trial.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;quot; (&lt;i&gt;Id.&lt;/i&gt; at pp. 390-391, italics added.) There, the  defendant was unable to communicate with his counsel without the use of  an interpreter. The single interpreter provided by the court was used  primarily to interpret the testimony of the Spanish speaking witnesses  for the court and jury. Negron&amp;#39;s contacts with counsel through the  interpreter were few. The concern of the district court in &lt;i&gt;Negron&lt;/i&gt;  is instructive: &amp;quot;[i]n order to afford Negron his right to  confrontation, it was &lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;793&lt;/a&gt; necessary under the  circumstances that he be provided with a simultaneous translation of  what was being said for the purpose of communicating with his attorney  to enable the latter to effectively cross-examine those English-speaking  witnesses to test their credibility, their memory and their accuracy of  observation in light of Negron&amp;#39;s version of the facts.&amp;quot; (310 F. Supp.  1304, 1307 (E.D.N.Y.) affd., 434 F.2d 386.)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In affirming the granting of Negron&amp;#39;s habeas corpus petition, the  Second Circuit went beyond the right of confrontation, &amp;quot;... the right  that was denied Negron seems to us even more consequential than the  right of confrontation. Considerations of fairness, the integrity of the  fact-finding process, and the potency of our adversary system of  justice forbid that the state should prosecute a defendant who is not  present at his own trial, [citation omitted], ... [a]nd it is equally  imperative that every criminal defendant — if the right to be present is  to have meaning — possess `sufficient present ability to consult with  his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding.&amp;#39;&amp;quot; (434  F.2d at p. 389.)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(3) The Judicial Council has recognized that under circumstances like  that at bench the appointment of more than a single interpreter is  warranted. &amp;quot;An interpreter is needed ... if a party is unable to  understand and speak English sufficiently to comprehend the proceedings  and to assist counsel in the conduct of the case. Separate interpreters  may be needed for each non-English speaking party. An additional  interpreter may be needed to interpret witness testimony for the court.&amp;quot;  (Standards of Judicial Administration, section 18(a), appended to Cal.  Rules of Court). Two interpreters were required in this case.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Compelling reasons exist for the appointment of more than one  interpreter: &amp;quot;[It] is nearly impossible for one interpreter to translate  the testimony of a witness while simultaneously translating and  listening to the discussions between defendant and counsel. It is in  these circumstances that a defense interpreter is most needed to ensure  adequate representation by the defendant&amp;#39;s counsel.&amp;quot; (Chang &amp;amp;  Araujo, at pp. 821-822.) Requiring two interpreters in cases such as the  one before us has additional benefits to the criminal justice system  because &amp;quot;it is difficult for an interpreter who has worked closely with  the defendant and his counsel in the preparation of the defense from the  pretrial stage to translate the court proceedings impartially. Finally,  a separate defense interpreter would serve to ensure the accuracy of  the proceedings and witness interpreters.&amp;quot;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[10]" name="r[10]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Id.,&lt;/i&gt;  at p. 822.)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;794&lt;/a&gt; Without an interpreter, the trial is  reduced to &amp;quot;a babble of voices&amp;quot; to the defendant. (&lt;i&gt;U.S.&lt;/i&gt; ex rel. &lt;i&gt;Negron&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;New York, supra,&lt;/i&gt; 434 F.2d 386, at p. 388.) Sensitivity toward  language difficulties is the hallmark of our multilingual state. This  sensitivity has been appropriately elevated to constitutional  proportions when the state, through the criminal process, places the  life and liberty of the non-English speaker in jeopardy.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2&gt;b. &lt;i&gt;The Waiver&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p&gt;A reversal is required unless the defendant waived the constitutional  right we have described. Was there a valid waiver? (4) We reject the  People&amp;#39;s contention that consent of defense counsel to the use of Mata  Aguilar&amp;#39;s interpreter to translate testimony for the benefit of the jury  and the court amounted to a waiver of the article I, section 14 right.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;There is no indication in the record that defendant voluntarily and  intelligently waived his constitutional right. Although prior to 1974,  appointment of an interpreter could be waived by failure to request one,  this is no longer the case. &amp;quot;The right to an interpreter having since  been guaranteed in the Constitution, it may not validly be waived  without an `affirmative showing,&amp;#39; on the record, of waiver which was  `intelligent and voluntary&amp;#39; on the part of the affected defendant.&amp;quot; (&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=9496386029606552613&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Chavez, supra,&lt;/i&gt; 124 Cal. App.3d 215, 227&lt;/a&gt;.) We agree and  thus we hold that a personal waiver by the defendant was required. The  mere acquiescence by counsel did not waive the right to interpreter  assistance.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Further, the record does not support a conclusion that defendant knew  he had a right to an interpreter throughout the proceedings. The issue  of knowledge of the right to an interpreter was addressed by the Second  Circuit in &lt;i&gt;Negron,&lt;/i&gt; in which the court stated, &amp;quot;Simply to recall  the classic definition of a waiver — `an intentional relinquishment or  abandonment of a known right,&amp;#39; &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=11009897881566368743&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;Johnson  v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458&lt;/a&gt; [parallel citations omitted] (1938) — is a  sufficient answer to the government&amp;#39;s suggestion that Negron waived any  fundamental right by his passive acquiescence in the grinding of the  judicial machinery and his failure to affirmatively assert the right.  For all that appears, Negron, who was clearly unaccustomed to asserting  `personal rights&amp;#39; against the authority of the judicial arm of the  state, may well not have had the slightest notion that he had any  `rights&amp;#39; or any `privilege&amp;#39; to assert them.&amp;quot; (434 F.2d at p. 390.)  Similarly, Mata Aguilar&amp;#39;s inaction in demanding his personal right did  not result in a waiver.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;795&lt;/a&gt; There is no indication in the record  that defendant made a voluntary and intentional waiver. An exchange took  place — entirely in English — between the court, the prosecutor, the  interpreter, and defense counsel. The defendant was excluded.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[11]" name="r[11]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; This  conversation, being a &amp;quot;babble of voices&amp;quot; to the defendant, cannot be  held to amount to a waiver by him of his right to an interpreter.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In the ethnic richness of California, a multiplicity of languages has  been nurtured. Historically, many peoples speaking diverse tongues have  formed large portions of our population. The people of this state,  through the clear and express terms of their Constitution, require that  all persons tried in a California court understand what is happening  about them, for them, and against them. Who would have it otherwise?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The judgment is reversed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Bird, C.J., Kaus, J., Broussard, J., and Grodin, J., concurred.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;RICHARDSON, J.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#[12]" name="r[12]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[*]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I respectfully dissent. Under the circumstances of this case,  reversal is not warranted, because defendant has shown neither prejudice  nor denial of any constitutional right arising from the procedures  utilized by the trial court. The trial court appointed an interpreter  for defendant at trial. However, we have not been supplied with any  record of the proceedings leading to the appointment so we do not know  the basis upon which the request was granted. None of the interesting  sociological data provided in footnote 5 (&lt;i&gt;ante,&lt;/i&gt; p. 791) is part  of the record before us nor is it in any way tied to defendant. What &lt;i&gt;is&lt;/i&gt;  included in the record amply demonstrates that defendant had sufficient  knowledge of the English language to have enabled him to communicate  effectively with counsel during the time that the interpreter was being  used to interpret for the two prosecution witnesses.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;796&lt;/a&gt; After defendant&amp;#39;s arrest, he was  questioned by Officer Terry. Both the questions put and the answers  given were entirely in English. The officer testified at trial that  defendant had no difficulty in speaking English and that defendant told  him he understood that language well, although defendant&amp;#39;s spoken  English was &amp;quot;broken.&amp;quot; Terry took a statement from defendant in question  and answer form during an interview conducted entirely in English. The  officer then read the statement to defendant, again in English, and  simultaneously recorded his reading and defendant&amp;#39;s oral concurrence  with the written version of the interview. Finally, defendant signed and  dated each page of the written transcription of the interview.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Next, at the time of defendant&amp;#39;s arraignment, the record shows that  without the use of any interpreter, defendant requested appointment of  counsel, entered a plea, and readily answered all questions posed by the  court. I also find it significant that the probation report submitted  to the court for sentencing purposes revealed that defendant was born in  the United States, had an eighth grade education in American schools,  and served in the United States military services until his honorable  discharge.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Finally, the record of the sentencing proceeding recites that  &amp;quot;Defendant stated that he understands what the Court is saying and does  not request an interpreter.&amp;quot; Defendant then personally and readily  responded in English to questions from the court regarding his right to  appeal and his obligation to file a notice of appeal on his own behalf  should his attorney not do so.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The California Constitution declares that &amp;quot;A person unable to  understand English who is charged with a crime has a right to an  interpreter throughout the proceedings.&amp;quot; (Art. I, § 14.) Defendant here  selectively utilized the services of an interpreter and the record  reflects that in those instances where he functioned without such  services he was able to understand and to make himself understood in the  English language. The appointment of an interpreter was a laudatory  safeguard to assure the highest comprehension by defendant during the  trial. However, in view of defendant&amp;#39;s demonstrated understanding of  English and the lack of any specific assertion that he unsuccessfully  attempted to communicate with counsel, a reversal of his conviction is  not required. There is no indication in this record that defendant was  unable to hear and understand the questions or answers during the  relevant examinations, or that he asked to speak to counsel and was  unable to do so, or that he requested repetition of any testimony, or  that, in any other manner, he felt constrained, isolated, or asea in &amp;quot;a  babble of voices&amp;quot; while the interpreter translated for the witnesses.  Article I, section 14, is violated only when interpreters are denied &amp;quot;a  person unable to understand English.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="gsl_pagenum"&gt;797&lt;/a&gt; Moreover, I think it is arguable that  defendant, through his counsel, knowingly waived his right to the  services of a second interpreter during the period in which the first  interpreter assisted the witnesses.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In summary, defendant has not demonstrated that he was denied any  constitutional rights by the procedures followed here. I would affirm  the judgment of conviction.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Mosk, J., concurred.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Respondent&amp;#39;s petition for a rehearing was denied May 24, 1984. Mosk,  J., and Lucas, J., were of the opinion that the petition should be  granted.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[1]" name="[1]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;  The record is unclear  regarding the defendant&amp;#39;s surname — whether it is Mata or Aguilar. In  the face of such uncertainty the use of both names is proper.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[2]" name="[2]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;  At trial, Detective  Terry testified that Mata Aguilar did not have difficulty understanding  English, although he did have difficulty speaking English. Defendant on  the other hand, testified that he understood &amp;quot;very little&amp;quot; English and  that he was able to understand Detective Terry because he explained and  read everything to him. &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;There is a vast difference between the  stationhouse and the courtroom in terms of defendant&amp;#39;s ability to use  and understand English. Detective Terry, we assume, had ample time to  assure by measured tone of voice and repetition that defendant  understood him. In contrast, a trial is a formal proceeding. The trial  court, having the advantage of observing and listening to defendant in  that setting, concluded that the defendant was in need of an interpreter  and thus appointed the interpreter for the defendant. It is this  conclusion, by the trial court, as we discuss in the text, and not the  extrajudicial conclusion of Detective Terry, which forms the basis for  this appeal.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[3]" name="[3]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;  It is unclear from  the record whether the interpreter actually assisted the defendant  during the jury selection process.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[4]" name="[4]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;  The trial court, as  we have noted, determined that defendant needed the assistance of an  interpreter. The dissent disregards that factual conclusion. Rather, it  makes an independent determination based on the testimony of Detective  Terry which we have noted. In addition, the dissent points to  defendant&amp;#39;s personal history and two phases of the proceedings (the  arraignment and sentencing phases) to demonstrate that Mata Aguilar  understood English well. &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;While the record shows that defendant understood  and spoke limited English, nothing in the record negates the correctness  of the order appointing an interpreter.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;On the basis of what little personal information we have about  defendant, the dissent&amp;#39;s inference is unwarranted. Defendant was born  in Brownsville, Texas, a border community that is and has been 85 to 90  percent Spanish speaking. (Hansen, The Border Economy: Regional  Development in the Southwest (1981) University of Texas Press, pp. 15,  143.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Mata Aguilar, age 54 at the time of trial, apparently  completed his eighth grade education at a time when the segregation of  Mexican American children into separate schools was the practice in  California and throughout the Southwest. (&lt;i&gt;Mexican Americans and the  Desegregation of Schools in the Southwest&lt;/i&gt; (1971) 8 Houston L.Rev.  929, 940.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;As late as 1930, a Texas school district succeeded in  defending its practice of separate schools for Mexican American children  on the basis of the children&amp;#39;s language deficiencies. (&lt;i&gt;Independent  School District&lt;/i&gt; v. &lt;i&gt;Salvatierra&lt;/i&gt; (Tex.Civ.App. 1930) 33 S.W.2d  790.) In California, the segregation of Mexican American school children  on the grounds of language deficiencies was not declared  unconstitutional until 1946. (&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=2167350549206813053&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mendez&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Westminster School District&lt;/i&gt; (S.D.Cal. 1946) 64 F. Supp. 544;&lt;/a&gt;  affd., &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=8464528661773237273&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;161  F.2d 774 (9th Cir.1947)&lt;/a&gt;.) In declaring the practice  unconstitutional, the federal district court in &lt;i&gt;Westminster&lt;/i&gt; noted  that &amp;quot;[t]he evidence clearly shows that Spanish-speaking children are  retarded in learning English by lack of exposure to its use because of  segregation.&amp;quot; (&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=2167350549206813053&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;64  F. Supp. at p. 549&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Defendant&amp;#39;s military record does not compel the conclusion  that he could understand English well. Defendant served in the United  States Army between 1948 and 1951, a period when there were no English  language requirements for service. We do not know whether defendant  volunteered for service or was inducted. Although the ability to speak  and understand English was a requirement for voluntary enlistment in  1938 (10 C.F.R. § 71.2, subd. (b) (1938 ed.)), that requirement was  eliminated in 1939 and was not reinstated during the time that Mata  Aguilar was in the Army. The regulations under the Selective Service Act  of 1948, similarly, do not list English speaking ability as a  requirement for induction. (32 C.F.R. pt. 16 (1949 ed.)) Furthermore,  Army units comprised primarily of Spanish speaking G.I.s were common at  the time, and there was at least one Company, from Texas, made up of  entirely Spanish speaking soldiers, many of whom spoke only limited  English. (Morin, Among the Valiant: Mexican Americans in World War II  and Korea (1966) Borden Publishing Co., pp. 59-60.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Finally, since age 11 defendant has been a seasonal  farmworker. The activity giving rise to his conviction took place in a  migrant farm labor camp in 1981. He was among Spanish speaking workers.  We may judicially notice that the migrant stream of farm workers in the  Southwest is predominantly Spanish speaking.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[5]" name="[5]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;  The record is silent  as to the Spanish speaking ability of counsel for defendant. Assuming  counsel did speak Spanish, defendant&amp;#39;s constitutional right would not be  vitiated. Were we to conclude otherwise, bilingual counsel would be  seriously disadvantaged at trial. As noted by one commentary, the  bilingual attorney would be &amp;quot;in the undesirable position of translating  the proceedings to the defendant while at the same time attempting to  formulate and discuss strategy and tactics.&amp;quot; (Chang &amp;amp; Araujo, at p.  822.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[6]" name="[6]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;  The People&amp;#39;s argument  itself demonstrates the importance of guaranteeing continuous  translation assistance for a defendant. As is discussed in the body of  the opinion; the People contend that Aguilar waived his article I,  section 14 right. The very interchange that produced the purported  waiver involved the court, the prosecutor, the interpreter and defense  counsel. This conversation was &lt;i&gt;entirely in English.&lt;/i&gt; The fact that  the prosecution attempts to use an all English conversation in such a  harmful way against defendant, underscores the importance of  guaranteeing a non-English-speaking defendant the assistance of an  interpreter during the whole course of the proceedings. It also  demonstrates the necessity of requiring personal waiver of the right to  an interpreter.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[7]" name="[7]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;  An additional problem  presented in &lt;i&gt;Chavez&lt;/i&gt; was that the defendant received only  paraphrased summaries of the questions and comments of the court during  the plea proceedings. The proceedings were not, in fact, translated.  Such summaries do not comport to California constitutional requirements.  Rather, the usual practice of simultaneous, or ongoing translation (a  word, phrase, or sentence at a time) is the accepted and proper  procedure. (See &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=18022253944724120686&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Menchaca&lt;/i&gt; (1983) 146 Cal. App.3d 1019 [194 Cal. Rptr. 691]&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[8]" name="[8]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;  An employee of the  district attorney&amp;#39;s office was asked to interpret on this occasion after  being identified as the &amp;quot;only interpreter in the building.&amp;quot; Defense  counsel was purported to have waived the right to an interpreter on the  second day of sentencing. As in the case at bench, there was no  indication that defendant participated in or agreed to the purported  waiver. (&lt;i&gt;Id.,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=9496386029606552613&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;124  Cal. App.3d at pp. 223-224&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[9]" name="[9]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;  Menchaca, however,  also challenged the denial of an interpreter at preliminary proceedings.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[10]" name="[10]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;  Accuracy is  required to protect the integrity of the proceedings as well as the  defendant&amp;#39;s rights. When no defense interpreter is available, it is  impossible for the non-English-speaking defendant to check the accuracy  or competency of the witness interpreter&amp;#39;s translation. This breakdown  effectively precludes the defense from challenging or impeaching the  interpretation rendered, because objection regarding accuracy of the  interpretation must be made below. (&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=2825229791172747167&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2002"&gt;&lt;i&gt;People&lt;/i&gt;  v. &lt;i&gt;Reyes&lt;/i&gt; (1976) 62 Cal. App.3d 53, 70 [132 Cal. Rptr. 848]&lt;/a&gt;.)  Moreover, on review, no transcript of the oral proceedings in the  translated language exists. Thus, the denial of a defense interpreter  represents a singularly unchecked aspect of our criminal justice system.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[11]" name="[11]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;  The transcript of  the trial shows the following: &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;MR. H. TED HANSEN [the prosecutor]: Thank you,  your Honor. We&amp;#39;d first call Jose Chaidez. And your Honor, this witness  does require the interpreter.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;THE COURT: All right, we&amp;#39;ll now swear the interpreter.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;SUSAN INAZETI, the interpreter herein, was sworn to translate  English into Spanish and Spanish into English to the best of her  ability.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;THE INTERPRETER: Your Honor, he&amp;#39;ll [Aguilar] be able to hear  the answers and responses and be able to hear the questions of counsel  translated into Spanish, too, if there&amp;#39;s no objection to counsel as far  as attorney-client privilege.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;THE COURT: Thank you. Mr. Norman Hansen, is that agreeable. [&lt;i&gt;Sic.&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;MR. NORMAN HANSEN [defense counsel]: No, your Honor. That was  anticipated.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;quot;THE COURT: All right, please swear the witness. Will you step  forward, please?&amp;quot;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620#r[12]" name="[12]" onclick="scife_fn_clicked();"&gt;[*]&lt;/a&gt;   Retired Associate  Justice of the Supreme Court sitting under assignment by the Chairperson  of the Judicial Council.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Kaynak: &lt;a href="http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620"&gt;http://scholar.google.com.tr/scholar_case?case=15447974759804021620&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-9006053648138970583?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/constitutional-right-to-interpreter.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-3838168929593664225</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 07:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-15T09:14:30.371+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercüme odası</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercümanlık</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercümanlar</category><title>Tercüme Odası Tekrar Kurulmalıdır</title><description>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tercüme  Odası&lt;/b&gt; Osmanlı Hükümetinin diğer ülkelerle olan yazışmalarını  yürüten tercümanların eğitildiği ve görev yaptıkları kurumdu. Tercüme  Odası 1821'de kurulmuştur. Fenerli Rum Divan-ı Humayun tercümanlarının  1821 Yunan İsyanında taraf olmaları üzerine Müslüman Osmanlı memurlarına  yabancı dil öğretmek için açmıştır.&amp;nbsp; İlk tercümanı Ahmet Vefik Paşa'nın  dedesi olan Yahya Naci Efendi'dir. Daha sonra da Başhoca İshak Efendi  kurumun başına getirilmiştir. &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;Tercüme Odası&lt;/a&gt; Osmanlı  Devleti'nin yıkılışına kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür. Tanzimat'ın devlet  adamları ve bazı aydınların (Ali Paşa, Fuad Paşa, Ahmet Vefik Paşa,  Namık Kemal) buradan yetişmiştir. &lt;b&gt;(Kaynak&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;a href="http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terc%C3%BCme_Odas%C4%B1"&gt;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terc%C3%BCme_Odas%C4%B1&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bazılarının,  '&lt;i&gt;Nereden çıktı şimdi bu?&lt;/i&gt;' dediklerini duyar gibiyim, ancak ağır  aksak giden &lt;b&gt;muasırlaşma&lt;/b&gt; çabamızın önündeki en büyük engellerden  biri her türlü bilgiden ve bilgi kaynağından hala fersah fersah uzak  oluşumuzdur. Üstelik de bu internet devrinde!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Bu Oda  eskiden daha çok diplomatik yazışmaların/görüşmelerin çevrilmesi  maksadıyla kullanılmış. Bir okul görevi görüp, çok da kalburüstü  şahsiyet yetiştirmiş.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Şu anda  tüm devlet birimlerimizde eski Tercüme Odasının görevlerini ifa eden  birçok şube var sanırım, ancak yeniden kurulması gereken Tercüme Odası  eskisinden biraz farklı  olmalı ve Türkiye'nin dünyadaki yeniliklerden  daha hızlı haberdar olmasını sağlamalıdır. &lt;b&gt;Yeni Tercüme Odası&lt;/b&gt;,  ülkemizin uluslararası arenada öne çıkmak istediği alanlarda referans  kitap, eser, makale ve yazıları Türkçeleştirmelidir. Örneğin ülkemiz  madencilik, tarım, bilişim, tıp, mühendislik gibi alanlarda öne çıkmak  istiyorsa, &lt;b&gt;Yeni Tercüme Odası &lt;/b&gt;da bu doğrultuda yapılandırılmalı  ve bu alanlarda ortaya çıkan tüm uluslararası gelişmeler anında takip  edilerek Türk diline birçok &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;çeviri&lt;/a&gt; eser  kazandırılmalıdır. Elbette aslolan bilimi bizim üretmemiz, mühendisliğe  bizim yön vermemizdir; ancak elinizde kendi dilinizde neredeyse hiç  bilgi birikimi yoksa, bunu yapamazsınız!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kurulması gereken &lt;b&gt;Yeni Tercüme Odası&lt;/b&gt;,  ulusal çıkarlarımızla ilgili de çalışmalar yapmalı ve örneğin Ermeni  Sorunu, Güneydoğu Sorunu, Kıbrıs Sorunu gibi alanlarda dünya kamuoyunun  bilgilenmesini sağlayıcı içerik geliştirmelidir. Devletimizin bu gibi  önemli konularda çok açıklarının olduğu aşikar. Üstelik böyle bir Oda,  diplomat kalitesinde bir çok uzmanın da Devlet terbiyesiyle yetişmesini  sağlayacaktır. &lt;b&gt;Türk Dil Kurumu &lt;/b&gt;gibi artık işlevini yitirmiş ve  bilim üretmeyen hantal bir yapı yerine &lt;b&gt;Yeni Tercüme Odası &lt;/b&gt;kurulmalıdır.  &lt;b&gt;Yeni Tercüme Odası &lt;/b&gt;birçok uluslararası platformda bir &lt;b&gt;Türkiye  Lobisi&lt;/b&gt; gibi de hareket edebilir. Dünyanın bir çok yerinde siber  suçların önlenmesine yönelik olarak nasıl bir siber polis birimi  kurulduysa, aynı şekilde her alanda dünyada meydana gelen değişiklikleri  takip etmek için de &lt;b&gt;Yeni Tercüme Odası&lt;/b&gt; kurulmalı ve bu Oda  yukarıda saydığımız alanlarda &lt;b&gt;güncel içerik&lt;/b&gt; üretmelidir.. çünkü &lt;b&gt;İÇERİK  KRALDIR&lt;/b&gt;! Bu yönde başlatılacak her türlü Türkiye'de tüm çevrelerce  alkışla karşılanacak ve ülkemize yepyeni bir dinamiz getirecektir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;Düşünen ve Yazan: A. Erol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-3838168929593664225?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/tercume-odas-tekrar-kurulmaldr.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-379819397936195236</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 07:10:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-15T09:15:01.288+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri büroları</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviride</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">temel reis</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercümanlık büroları</category><title>Bir Çeviri Harikası: Temel Reis</title><description>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;İhtiyar  Delikanlı Temel Reis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5/5/2009  ·Ebru AKKAŞ KUSEYRİ &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;19.04.2009  tarihli Taraf Pazar Eki'nde yayımlanmıştır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sinbad&lt;/b&gt;’dan  sonra dünyanın en ünlü denizci &lt;b&gt;Temel Reis&lt;/b&gt; 80 yaşına bastı. Bu  ihtiyar delikanlının yaratıcısı çizer &lt;b&gt;Elzie Crisler Segar&lt;/b&gt;’ın  ölümünün üzerindense tam 70 yıl geçti. Telif haklarının Avrupa Birliği  yasalarına göre 70 yıl korunduğu düşünülürse Temel Reis resmini tişörte,  postere, kupaya basmak; karikatür kitabını yayımlamak için artık izin  almaya ve telif ödemeye gerek kalmadı. Temel Reis, Kabasakal ve Safinaz,  Türk Patent Enstitüsü’ne hem &lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;İngilizce&lt;/a&gt; hem de Türkçe  isimleri ile kayıtlıydı ve izin alındığı takdirde kullanılabiliyordu.  Bazılarınızın hatırlayacağı üzere 2004 yılındaki yerel seçimlerde CHP,  Temel Reis’ten esinlendiği “Deniz Kaptan'ın Maceraları” propagandasını  yürütürken patenti elinde bulunduran Hearts Holding tescilli  karakterlerinin izinsiz kullanılması nedeniyle CHP’ye bir ihtarname  göndermişti.  Resmi web sitesine göre kısa boylu, seyrek saçlı, huysuz  ve resmen çirkin olan &lt;b&gt;Popeye&lt;/b&gt; nam-ı diğer &lt;b&gt;Temel Reis&lt;/b&gt; ilk  kez 19 Ocak 1929’da Elzie Crisler Segar’ın Thimble Theater adlı  karikatür bandında yayımlandı. Popeye bu köşede kendini ilk kez  gösterdiğinde Thimble Theater 10 yılını geride bırakmıştı. Bu karikatür  bandının esas karakterleri sıska &lt;b&gt;Safinaz (Olive Oyl)&lt;/b&gt;, sevgilisi &lt;b&gt;Ham  Gravy&lt;/b&gt; ve Safinaz’ın müteşebbis ağabeyi &lt;b&gt;Castor Oyl&lt;/b&gt;’du. Temel  Reis, Segar’ın karikatür bandında ihtiyaç duyduğu konuklardan biriydi.   Bu patlak gözlü, pazılı, çapa dövmeli ve pipolu huysuz denizci bir süre  sonra Thimble Theater’ın gözde adamı oldu. Segar, tüm dünyada herkesin  seveceği bir kahraman yaratmayı başarmıştı.  Birçok yazar/çizer  yarattığı karakterlerin otobiyografik olduğunu inkâr ederken Segar,  Temel Reis için “Tamamen benim duygularımı yansıtan bir kahraman.  Ahlaksızları kesmek, birçok insanı da pataklamak isterdim ama hiçbir  zaman aklım ve cüssem buna müsaade etmedi. Ben de hayal gücümü kullanıp  bu işleri denizcinin yapmasını sağladım,” diyerek samimiyetini  göstermişti.  Temel Reis, karikatür kahramanı olarak yayımlandıktan dört  yıl sonra beyaz perdeye transfer oldu. Karikatürden animasyona geçişte  karakterlerin daha basit olması gerekiyordu. Temel Reis, Safinaz’ı  lunaparka götürdüğü ilk animasyon macerası “&lt;b&gt;Popeye The Sailor&lt;/b&gt;”da  Betty Boop ile aynı sahnede kısa da olsa hula dansı yaptı, &lt;b&gt;Kabasakal&lt;/b&gt;’ı  (&lt;b&gt;Bluto&lt;/b&gt;) patakladı.  Ağzından düşürmediği piposunun da etkisi ile  kendine özgü bir konuşması olan bu kahraman aslında sınırları zorlanana  kadar makul tavırlar sergiliyor. Yüksek sesle içinde bulunduğu duruma  daha fazla tahammül edemeyeceğini beyan ettikten sonra kaba kuvvete  başvuruyor. Üstelik doğaüstü gücünü pek de güzel olduğunu  söyleyemeyeceğimiz sevgilisi Safinaz’ı Kabasakal’dan korumak için  kullanıyor.  Yumruklarını konuşturmasının çocuklar üzerinde olumsuz  etkisi yaratacağı endişesi ile Segar’ı uyaran yöneticiler şimdilerde  yayımlanan çizgi filmleri görmüş olsalardı kendilerinden utanırlar mıydı  bilmem.  Doğaüstü Ispanak  Temel Reis, karikatür karakteri olduğu  dönemde nadiren ıspanak yiyen bir denizci olduğu halde çizgi filmlerde  gücünü ıspanaktan alan bir kahramana dönüştü. Safinaz’ın tek rakibi ise  ıspanaktı. Ispanağın çizgi filmdeki diğer karakterler üzerindeki etkisi  de aynı oldu. Mesela bir bölümde boğa tarafında kovalanan Temel Reis’in  yardımına bahçesindeki ıspanakları yiyen bir köstebek koşar ve boğayı  kuyruğundan tuttuğu gibi alt eder. Çünkü ıspanak doğaüstü güçleri olan  bir sebzedir!  Temel Reis çizgi filmleri yayımlanmaya başladıktan sonra  Birleşik Amerika’da ıspanak tüketiminin arttığını dönemin üreticileri ve  rakamları söylüyor. Hatta bir şehir efsanesine göre Segar, ıspanak  tüketimini artırmak için hükümetle işbirliği yapmıştı. Çocukların  beslenme alışkanlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkisi inkâr edilmeyecek bu  kahraman, ıspanak üreticilerinin gelirlerinde artış sağladı. O kadar ki  1937 yılında Teksas’ın ıspanak başkenti olarak bilinen Crystal City’de  üreticiler Segar ve Temel Reis’i onurlandırmak için bir Temel Reis  heykeli diktiler. Böylece Temel Reis heykeli dikilen ilk çizgi film  kahramanı oldu.  Demir deposu olarak bilinen ıspanağın tahtı 1981  yılında British Medical Journal’da T.J. Hamblin tarafından yayımlanan  bir makale ile sarsılsa da Temel Reis dünyanın en sağlıklı çizgi film  kahramanları arasında yer almaya devam ediyor. Hamblin, bu makalesinde  ıspanağın aslında içerdikleri için değil bir virgül hatası yüzünden  demir deposu olarak bilindiğini yazmıştı.  Elzie Segar’ın 1938 yılındaki  erken ölümünün ardından Popeye patentine sahip olan King Features,  Thimble Theather bandının devam etmesi için aralarında Segar’ın asistanı  Bud Sagendorf’un da bulunduğu birçok çizerle çalıştı. Uzun soluklu bir  band olarak varlık gösteren Thimble Theatre’ın adı “Thimble Theatre  Starring Popeye” en sonunda da “Popeye” olarak değiştirildi.  &lt;b&gt;Popeye  ülkemizdeki nadir &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/"&gt;çeviri &lt;/a&gt;harikalarından biri  olan Temel Reis adıyla tanındı.&lt;/b&gt; Olive Oyl Safinaz; Bluto ise  Kabasakal olup çıktı. Bu muhteşem çevirileri kimin yaptığı bilgisine  maalesef ulaşamadım. Madem kimin çevirdiğini bulamadım bari televizyonda  yayımlanırken kimler tarafından seslendirilmiş onu yazayım dedim; bu  sefer de TRT’den bir yanıt alamadım. Sadece Temel Reis’i tiyatrocu Ertan  Savaşçı’nın seslendirdiğini teyit edebildim.  Temel Reis, oyuncakları  ve konservesi ile ticari mala dönüşen ilk çizgi film kahramanlarından  biri oldu. 1930’lu yıllarda çizgi roman kültürü etkili olduğu için  neredeyse dönemin tüm çizgi roman kahramanlarının oyuncakları yapıldı.  Temel Reis’in bu dönemlerde üretilen oyuncakları, koleksiyon  meraklılarının peşine düştüğü nadide bir parçaya dönüştü. Müzelerin de  en değerli parçalarından biri oldu. Ne şanslıyız ki birçok oyuncak  müzesine nasip olmayacak kadar çok Temel Reis oyuncağı İstanbul Oyuncak  Müzesi’nde sergileniyor. Müzenin koleksiyonunda biri bebek dördü teneke  olmak üzere 5 adet Temel Reis oyuncağı yer alıyor. Temel Reis bebeği  müzenin en nadide parçalardan bir tanesi. Teneke oyuncaklarda ise Temel  Reis marifetlerini sergilemeye devam ediyor; bir tankı kaldırıyor, kuş  kafeslerini taşıyor, pilotluk yapıyor. Asıl vurucu oyuncak ise müzenin  “Yabancı Oyuncaklarda Türkiye İmajı” altında sergilenen Temel Reis’in el  arabası ile bir valizi taşıdı oyuncak. Temel Reis’in taşıdığı valizin  üstünde 3 etiket var; birinde Asia, diğerinde China ve en sonuncusunda  Turkey yazılı. Meraklıları İstanbul Oyuncak Müzesi’ni ziyaret edebilir.   Temel Reis, dünyanın en sevilen çizgi kahramanlarından biri olmaya  devam ediyor. Temel Reis var oldukça ıspanağın nelere kadir olduğunu hep  beraber göreceğiz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h5 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Kaynak:  &lt;a href="http://yokyokulke.blogcu.com/ihtiyar-delikanli-temel-reis/5460681"&gt;http://yokyokulke.blogcu.com/ihtiyar-delikanli-temel-reis/5460681&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="alignleft" height="370" src="http://img514.imageshack.us/img514/5236/kapakkc4.jpg" width="493" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-379819397936195236?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/bir-ceviri-harikas-temel-reis.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-7640833723952165351</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-15T09:15:37.814+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">serbest tercüman</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">mütercim tercümanlar</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çevirmenlerin</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">alo tercüman</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">aranıyor</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">konferans çevirmenliği</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">freelance</category><title>Serbest Çevirmen Kontrol Listesi</title><description>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;__Sunduğum hizmetlerle ilgili bir pazarlama planım var.
__Emeğim karşılığında elde ettiğim gelirden memnunum.
__İşlerim genellikle eski müşterilerimden geliyor.
__Üç veya daha fazla düzenli müşterim var.
__Fiyat listemi telefonun/bilgisayarın yanında bulunduruyorum.
__Elimin altında gönderilmeye hazır güncel bir özgeçmişim var.
__Genellikle elimde istediğim kadar iş olur.
__Müşterilerimden çevirilerimle ilgili görüşlerini istiyorum.
__Çevirilerimin editör kontrolünden geçmiş hallerini görmek istiyorum.
__Gelirlerimi sürekli olarak takip ediyorum.
__Çevirilerimi göndermeden önce yazdırıp son kontrolünü yapıyorum.
__LinkedIn ya da benzer bir web sitesinde profilim var.
__CTA, ATA, Proz vb. sitelerdeki profilimi düzenli olarak güncelliyorum.
__CTA forumları, ATA forumları, ProZ forumları vb. online tartışma.
gruplarına katılıyorum.
__ATA Chronicle, Multilingual veya sektörel dergiler gibi ticari
yayınlarda yazılar yazıyorum.
__Bir web sitem ve/veya blogum var.
__Meslektaşlarıma ve çeviri bürolarına sormak suretiyle çeviri
fiyatlarıyla ilgili objektif verilere sahip oluyorum.
__Farklı çeviri işleri için saatlik ücretimi hesaplıyorum.
__Bölgesel, ulusal ve/veya uluslararası haberleri okuyorum.
__Uzmanlık alanlarımla ilgili sektörlerde çevremi genişletiyorum.
ve/veya hizmetlerimi pazarlıyorum.
__Hedef dildeki yazım becerilerimi aktif biçimde iyileştirmeye çalışıyorum.
__Uzmanlık alanlarımdaki terminoloji bilgimi aktif biçimde
iyileştirmeye çalışıyorum.
__Kamu yararına çeviriler yapıyorum.
__Çeviri dışında, editörlek, redaktörlük, sözlü çeviri, dublaj,
transkripsiyon, özel ders, içerik yazarlığı vb. ilave hizmetler sunuyorum.
__Mümkün olan hallerde, kendi adımın yaptığım çevirilerin üzerinde
bulunmasını istiyorum.
__Bir projeyi çeviremeyecek kadar yoğun olduğumda, müşteriye başka bir
tercüman arkadaşımı tavsiye ediyorum.
__Kredi kartı, havale, çek vb. çeşitli ödeme yöntemlerini kabul ediyorum
__Çok fazla işim olduğunda bile pazarlama çalışmalarına devam ediyorum.
__Bir süredir görüşmediğim müşterilerimle irtibatı koparmıyorum.
__Müşterilerime ve meslektaşlarıma teşekkür belgeleri (kartpostal,
hediye vb.) gönderiyorum.
__Müşterilerimde web siteme, broşürüme vb. koymak üzere tavsiye mektupları
istiyorum.

Kaynak:
&lt;a href="http://thoughtsontranslation.com/2010/02/22/a-freelance-best-practices-checklist/"&gt;http://thoughtsontranslation.com/2010/02/22/a-freelance-best-practices-checklist/&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-7640833723952165351?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/serbest-cevirmen-kontrol-listesi.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-2149127820577528355</guid><pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 20:49:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-14T22:52:11.344+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercüme</category><title>Yazılı ve Sözlü Çevirinin Kavşak Noktası: Sight Translation</title><description>&lt;b&gt;Yazılı ve Sözlü Çevirinin Kavşak Noktası: Sight Translation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dikkat çekmek için belki biraz abartıp &amp;ldquo;Çevirmenin Ateşle İmtihanı: Sight Translation&amp;rdquo; gibi bir&amp;nbsp; başlık da kullanılabilirdi; ancak kavşak noktası tanımı cuk diye oturdu ve daha belirgin bir ifade oldu sanırım sight translation etkinliğinin nerede durduğunu vurgulamak bakımından. Mütercim Tercümanlık ifadesinin kendini belki de en iyi bulduğu alandır sight translation, ya da daha doğru ifadesiyle sight interpreting. Hem yazılı hem de sözlü etki alanlarını içine alması bakımından, çevirinin kavşak noktası da denebilir sight translation için.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bu yönde çeviri talebinin azlığı nedeniyle şu ana kadar üzerinde çok durmamış olabileceğimiz &lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com"&gt;sight translation&lt;/a&gt;, aslında çevirmenler için çok iyi bir tatbikat alanıdır. &amp;ldquo;Practice makes perfect&amp;ldquo; özlü sözünün gereğinin yerine getirilmesi her profesyonel etki alanında olduğu gibi çeviri etki alanında da bir zorunluluktur.&amp;nbsp; Bu perspektiften bakıldığında, sight translation pratikleri hem mütercim hem de tercüman için zaferle çıkılacak&amp;nbsp; bir muharebeye giden yoldaki manevra kabiliyetini artırıcı tatbikatlardır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Çevirinin ne kadar zor bir zanaat olduğundan dem vurmak için çok zaman &amp;ldquo;Çevirmen doğulur, çevirmen olunmaz&amp;ldquo; deriz, ancak eğer bir kişi çevirmen doğmamışsa çevirmen olabilmesinin en hızlı yolu bu kavşaktan geçer; zira bu kavşakta bir mütercim ve bir tercümanın karşılaşabileceği her türlü riski önceden görme şansına sahiptir. Ancak bu kavşakta karşılaşabilir konferans tercümanlığının zorluklarıyla ve yine ancak bu kavşakta görebilir yazılı çevirmenliği gerektirdiği ustalığı..&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ne tarafından tarif edersek edelim, sight translation çevirmenin küçük dünyasının sınırlarının genişletilmesi yönünde tarifi imkansız fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Mütercim tercümanlar hem mükemmellik egosuna ulaşmayı denemek hem de kendini sürekli yenileme adına bir kere de bu imkanlardan yararlanmayı denemelidir. Bu iki nitelik bir çevirmenin olmazsa olmazıdır. Ütopyalar ülkesinde yaşayan mükemmellik sarayına ulaşmaya çalışmak ve&amp;nbsp; bir de kendini sürekli yenileme gayretinde olmak.. işte bunlar çevirmenin sürekli sığınması gereken son iki kaledir. Çevirmen ara ara bu iki kaleden dışarı çıksa da,&amp;nbsp; tilkinin dönüp dolaşıp geleceği yer misali, çevirmenin de evirip çevirip günün sonunda büyük bir teselli ve kurtuluş bulacağı sığınaklar bunlardır. Sight translation pratikleri bu sığınaklar şehrinin altın anahtarıdır!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!-- yeminlitercuman.com kod baslangici --&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com" target="_blank" title="200 Ülkede Türkçe Tercüman"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/logo/yeminlitercuman.png" width="238" alt="200 Ülkede Türkçe Tercüman" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- yeminlitercuman.com kod baslangici --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;!-- blog.yeminlitercuman.com kod baslangici --&gt; &lt;a href="http://blog.yeminlitercuman.com/" target="_blank" title="Blog - Çeviri Güncesi"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/logo/blog.png" width="238" alt="Blog - Çeviri Güncesi" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- blog.yeminlitercuman.com kod baslangici --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;!-- lips.yeminlitercuman.com kod baslangici --&gt; &lt;a href="http://lips.yeminlitercuman.com/" target="_blank" title="Yeminli Tercüman Sosyal Agi"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/logo/lips.png" width="238" alt="Yeminli Tercüman Sosyal Agi" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- lips.yeminlitercuman.com kod baslangici --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;!-- yeminlisozluk.com kod baslangici --&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.yeminlisozluk.com" target="_blank" title="Cümle Tabanli Sözlük"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.yeminlitercuman.com/logo/sozluk.png" width="238" alt="Cümle Tabanli Sözlük" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- yeminlisozluk.com kod baslangici --&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-2149127820577528355?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/yazl-ve-sozlu-cevirinin-kavsak-noktas.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-2347341322378156972</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 Apr 2010 23:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-11T01:24:40.426+02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">çeviri</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">patent çevirisi</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">patent çevirmeni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tercüme</category><title>Thoughts and tips on becoming a patent translator</title><description>Thoughts and tips on becoming a patent translator　～特許翻訳への道　成功するために～&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This article by James Phillips originally appeared in the February 2008 issue of the Tsuyaku-Honyaku Journal. Reprinted with permission.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
People that are considering a career in patent translation often seem to have exactly the same questions. In this article I will attempt to answer those questions, give some hints as to how you can study for free, and give some useful advice regarding how to get work once qualified.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following is a list of questions I am asked most often.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) Is there a demand for patent translators?&lt;br /&gt;
2) Do you think I would make a good patent translator?&lt;br /&gt;
3) What is the best way to become a patent translator?&lt;br /&gt;
4) Can I really study for free?&lt;br /&gt;
5) Should I work in-house, or freelance?&lt;br /&gt;
6) How can I get freelance work?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Is there a demand for patent translators?&lt;br /&gt;
特許翻訳の需要はあるのか？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This question is easy to answer. Yes, there is always a demand for GOOD patent translators. A good translator will usually have the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a) An excellent understanding of the source and target languages.&lt;br /&gt;
b) A detailed knowledge of the subject being translated.&lt;br /&gt;
c) Specialist knowledge relating to how to translate patent specifications.&lt;br /&gt;
d) A meticulous approach with regards to quality and deadlines.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you already have a) and b) then you have an excellent chance of achieving your objectives as c) and d) can be picked up with relative ease (at least compared to a) and b)!). Having a specialist subject that you know inside-out is an enormous advantage. It will make the task of translating much more straightforward and it will also be much easier to sell yourself as a translator. The translation work itself will also be more interesting for you because if you have an in-depth knowledge of the subject it is probably something you like (hopefully!). If you do not have any kind of specialization then it will be more difficult to sell yourself to potential customers and the fees you can command are likely to be lower than a specialist. However, if there is a subject you have a strong interest in that you feel you can pick-up with relative ease, then maybe it will be possible to turn that subject into your specialization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Do you think I would make a good patent translator?&lt;br /&gt;
自分は良い翻訳者になれるのか？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All good translators have one thing in common: a willingness to ask questions and to never stop learning. If you have a willingness to learn and preferably some kind of specialist subject then there is every chance that you will be able to become a successful patent translator. You should be aware though that this will require a relatively sustained amount of effort over a reasonable period of time. Like most skills worth having, it is not the kind of skill you can pick up overnight.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. What is the best way to become a patent translator?&lt;br /&gt;
特許翻訳者になるための最良の方法とは何か？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I obviously have a vested interest in this subject as I provide courses in patent translation via my site at horsefrog.com and there is a bewildering array of courses offered by a wide range of translation schools. However, such courses will often serve merely as a springboard for entry into the business, but what approach should then be taken to gaining the right kind of experience that will help you to become a high-quality patent translator? The most common route is to join a patent office or the patent department of a company as a junior translator. When choosing such a job, take care to be sure that you will be tutored in an effective manner by the staff of the company. The level of expertise offered by a patent office or company patent department will often be higher than that offered by a translation agency but you may find that entry is more difficult as a result so a translation agency may also be considered. If, for example, you have already had a career spanning a number of years as an engineer, you may find that you can skip this step altogether and go straight to being a freelancer by making use of your specialty.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Can I really study for free?&lt;br /&gt;
本当にお金をかけずに勉強できるのか？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yes, self-training is possible to a certain extent. The big advantage with the Internet is that it provides a wealth of information that can be harvested for the purposes of study. For example, it is possible to search the USPTO for a US patent that has a corresponding Japanese patent and then search the JPO for the equivalent Japanese patent. This will often yield two almost identical documents that can then be used for the purposes of studying. You can also get documents in the exact field you wish to study by searching in a manner corresponding to this field. Detailed instructions of how to do this are provided on the horsefrog.com site. We also run free online patent translation workshops on the horsefrog site once a month where you can have a short translation evaluated for free and we provide free translator level evaluations. Free glossaries and a forum are also provided. The JPO, USPTO, and WIPO sites themselves are also excellent free sources of information regarding patents and how they should be written.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One suggestion I would have if you are studying by yourself though is to be very careful not to study simply by memorizing sentences. A much better approach is to read the document you are intending to translate very carefully, gain a full understanding of the invention first, then translate the document in the manner that you yourself would actually have written the document had you actually been the author. Finally, compare your translation to the actual original document. This will give your translations a much more natural feeling than attempting to translate a document word for word. Joining a translation organization such as JTF or JAT will also enable you to share your experiences with others in the same situation and pick up a great deal of useful information that would otherwise be extremely difficult to acquire. The more enthusiastic amongst you may consider attending the upcoming IJET-19 conference to be held at a beautiful location in Okinawa on April 12th/13th. This will be a particularly valuable opportunity for those new to translation to pick up lots of useful information and will include several presentations on the subject of patent translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Should I work in-house, or freelance?&lt;br /&gt;
インハウスとフリーランス、どちらを選ぶべきか？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This really very much depends on the kind of person you are. If you are a social person that likes to be around other people all the time then you are probably more suited to working in-house. If, on the other hand, you put great value on independence, would love the freedom to make your own schedule as you please and don’t at all mind being by yourself a lot, then freelancing may well seem like heaven to you.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. How can I get freelance work once I feel I am ready to become a patent translator?&lt;br /&gt;
フリーランスで仕事を得るにはどうしたらよいのか？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many ways to get work once you feel you are equipped to complete the work effectively. There is, of course, the traditional approach of applying for jobs through the various media. However, a more proactive approach is likely to meet with much more success. For example, make a list of the companies that you would most like to work for (companies that most closely match your field of specialty, for example). Then find some material by the company of your choice (for example, a short section of a patent belonging to that company). Translate the material and send it to the company concerned, together with a letter explaining who you are, what you do, and why you would like to work for that particular company. This approach is much more likely to meet with success and is widely considered by people in the translation business to be the most effective. It naturally involves more effort than the more traditional approaches, but the company can see the quality of your work immediately and is likely to be more interested in somebody who has shown such an obvious interest in their company rather than somebody who has simply sent hundreds of general-looking resumes to lots of different companies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope you have found the content of this article of use. If you have any further questions please feel free to either post them on the horsefrog site or send them to me directly at james@horsefrog.com. I always go to great lengths to answer any questions I receive as soon as possible. In the meantime, good luck to anybody who is considering becoming a patent translator. Maybe I will see you in sunny Okinawa!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source: http://jat.org/2008/07/18/thoughts-and-tips-on-becoming-a-patent-translator/#more-213&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-2347341322378156972?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/thoughts-and-tips-on-becoming-patent.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-5879832585072862999</guid><pubDate>Wed, 07 Apr 2010 09:09:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-07T11:09:38.481+02:00</atom:updated><title>Translators and interpreters needed for more than Conference</title><description>&lt;div class="storyTop"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                                              &lt;div class="smImage"&gt;                             &lt;div&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.mormontimes.com/media/images/headerGraphics/1270592992.jpg" alt="" border="0" height="155" width="180"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                             &lt;div class="smPhotoCred"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;                         &lt;/div&gt;                         &lt;div class="smHeadline"&gt;                             &lt;div class="smTitle"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Translators and interpreters needed for more than Conference&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                             &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                             &lt;div class="smSummary"&gt;                                 &lt;div class="smAuthor"&gt;By Christine Rappleye&lt;/div&gt;                                 &lt;div class="smAffiliation"&gt;Mormon Times&lt;/div&gt;                                 &lt;div class="smDateEntered"&gt;Wednesday, Apr. 07, 2010&lt;/div&gt;                             &lt;/div&gt;                         &lt;/div&gt;                         &lt;div class="smLinks"&gt;                             &lt;br&gt;                         &lt;/div&gt;                                                   SALT LAKE CITY -- The Mormon Tabernacle Choir has just finished the prelude music, and President Dieter F. Uchtdorf is walking to the pulpit to start the 180th Annual General Conference of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Tucked under the balcony in the Conference Center, a small army of people are watching him on dozens of screens in little rooms.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;But they aren&amp;#39;t taking notes or sitting back to simply listen to conference.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;As he begins to speak, they interpret what he is saying into another language, passing along the church leader&amp;#39;s message so many others -- from those in the Conference Center to those listening in other countries -- can understand his message in their native tongue.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="inlineGraphic" style="width: 320px;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.mormontimes.com/media/images/inlineGraphics/1270593023.jpg" alt="" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px;" border="0" height="220" width="320"&gt;&lt;br&gt; Yuta Uemura assists in the interpretation of Elaine S. Dalton&amp;#39;s speech into Japanese during the General Young Women Meeting at the LDS Conference Center in Salt Lake City on March 27, 2010. Photo by Kristin Murphy, Deseret News&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &amp;quot;You realize you are talking for someone who has a very important message for this people,&amp;quot; said Diana R. Tucker, who has been interpreting in Spanish for conference for more than 40 years.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Support and technical teams quickly check each language to make sure the broadcast systems and interpreters&amp;#39; microphones are working properly and checking with teams outside the building, said Brad Lindsay, the interpretation operations manager.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Other teams of interpreters wait outside the booths for their turn to interpret. Vases with bright yellow daffodils are amid the scriptures, dictionaries and schedules. Some interpreters study, while others watch conference in English in a common area.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;It&amp;#39;s calm, quiet and people whisper. As a speaker is about to conclude his or her remarks, the &amp;quot;next speaker&amp;quot; sign flashes, signalling the quick but quiet transition before the next speaker begins.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s where you see the prophesy being fulfilled of the gospel being preached in every tongue,&amp;quot; said Jeff Johnson, the interpretation services manager. &amp;quot;And it&amp;#39;s literally happening.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;The languages&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;In 1961, conference was first translated into four languages -- Spanish, French, German and Tongan.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Then, the original booths in the Tabernacle were much smaller than ones in the Conference Center and resembled voting booths, said Jeff Bateson, the translation division director.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="inlineGraphic" style="width: 319px;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.mormontimes.com/media/images/inlineGraphics/1270593032.jpg" alt="" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px;" border="0" height="437" width="319"&gt;&lt;br&gt; Diana Tucker has been a Spanish interpreter for general conferences for more than 40 years. Photo by Christine Rappleye, Mormon Times&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/div&gt; By 1981, there were 17 languages. By 1991, there were up to 30 languages being interpreted by people working in 40 booths under the Tabernacle, he added.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;When there were plans for the Conference Center, they had a chance to give input on the space they would like to plan for and the technology.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;And the Tieline technology allows more languages to be added without having to expand the space in the Conference Center, Lindsay said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;It doesn&amp;#39;t matter if it&amp;#39;s capacity of languages or capacity of interpreters, the Lord provides,&amp;quot; Lindsay said. &amp;quot;That which the Lord needs done, he makes happen. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Sometimes we may need to roll up our sleeves and figure things out. ... Ultimately, we see the way has been opened and prepared.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Now, conference is interpreted live in up to 92 languages -- 52 in the conference center, 28 via the remote Tieline system and another dozen on-site in countries across the world.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the Conference Center, 43 of the languages, from Spanish to Turkish, are broadcast live, and another nine, including Malagasay, Swahili and Twi, are recorded to be distributed via DVD later.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Teams outside the Conference Center, usually in their native country, interpret the conference proceedings in 28 more languages, including Mandarin, Russian and Dutch, which could be in the middle of the night depending on the time zone. The interpretation is sent via the digital Tieline technology to Salt Lake City and then seamlessly broadcast via satellite, with the other languages, Johnson said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="inlineGraphic" style="width: 319px;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.mormontimes.com/media/images/inlineGraphics/1270593040.jpg" alt="" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px;" border="0" height="354" width="319"&gt;&lt;br&gt; Rodney M. Fakatou has been a Tongan intepreter for general conference for more than 80 straight conferences. Photo by Christine Rappleye, Mormon Times&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/div&gt; This conference was the first time the Armenian interpretation was being sent using Tieline technology. Like with several of the languages transmitted via Tieline, a team of Armenian interpreters were still in the Conference Center monitoring the feed and prepared to jump in if needed. New sentence!Tongan interpreters in Tonga where testing out transmitting via Tieline this conference and if all goes well, future conferences will be interpreted by the team in Tonga.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;The Tieline languages are some of the more established languages of the church,&amp;quot; Bateson said. &amp;quot;Whenever possible, we like to use native speakers in-country.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In some languages, like Tzutujil (a dialect spoken in Guatemala), conference is transmitted in another language, like Spanish, and then a person at the chapel translates the talks, Johnson said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Usually there are only a few congregations of members who speak those languages, Bateson added.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;And as the church&amp;#39;s diversity grows, so does the leadership of the church. Some speakers will record their talks in another language before conference and their recording is what is broadcast in those languages, Bateson said. Elder Neil L. Andersen, of the Quorum of the Twelve, has recorded his talks in French, Spanish and Portuguese.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;For each language, a language team coordinator handles finding and recruiting interpreters for those languages, Johnson said. Through pre-screening their language ability and their standing in the church, they are then brought in for a three-hour orientation, Johnson said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Translation is a gift of the Spirit, and people who come here need to have access to that gift,&amp;quot; Bateson said. &amp;quot;We try to do everything we can to help them prepare for that.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Interpreting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the 58 translation booths in the Conference Center, pairs of interpreters work together.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A small screen shows the satellite feed and on the console, there is a button that is red when their headset microphone is turned, Diane Tucker recently demonstrated. In one side of their headphones, they hear the English, and the other, their translation, Lindsay said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Scriptures are close and in the Spanish booth, a copy of &amp;quot;The Family, A Proclamation to the World,&amp;quot; is on the wall.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A small window in the booths gives a glimpse to the interpreters. Some sit to interpret. &lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Others stand using music stands to replicate being at a podium. Some are still and others are animated as they interpret.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Either way, they all have &amp;quot;to really be listening,&amp;quot; Tucker added. &amp;quot;Anything can happen.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt; If the first interpreter has a coughing attack, overcome with emotion, there is a technical glitch with a microphone set, or otherwise can&amp;#39;t continue to translate, the backup needs to be able to jump in, she added. The backup can also help find scripture references if needed, Johnson said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;One has to be quick in recognizing the terminology and the translation has to come to mind immediately. There isn&amp;#39;t time to think of what that interpretation should be,&amp;quot; said Rodney M. Fakatou, who has helped interpret talks into Tongan for more than 40 years and more than 80 consecutive general conferences.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div id="ad3Sp" style="margin: 5px 20px 12px 0px; float: left;"&gt;&lt;div style="display: block;" id="ad3H"&gt;&lt;a href="http://63.225.61.6/ADCLICK/CID=00007d7f0000000000000000/area=mt.world.position1Y/adsize=300x250/aamsz=300x250/keyword=/site=/acc_random=31053164/pageid=31053164" target="_BLANK"&gt;&lt;img src="http://63.225.61.4:8080/ads/SouthernVirginiaUniversity/Feb2010/300x250.jpg" alt="" border="0" height="250" width="300"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img src="http://63.225.61.6/IMPCNT/ccid=32127/area=mt.world.position1Y/adsize=300x250/aamsz=300x250/keyword=/site=/acc_random=31053164/pageid=31053164" border="0" height="1" width="1"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; One challenge in interpreting is &amp;quot;text gain,&amp;quot; where the thought will be simple and clear in English, but require much more explanation in a different language and culture so it&amp;#39;s understood, Fakatou said. They also try to match the emotion and tone of the speaker as appropriate for the talk and the language.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Our intent it is to try to within the culture, mirror the speaker and his style,&amp;quot; Bateson said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Based on the interpreter&amp;#39;s skill set, any one person will have anywhere from one or two talks to several per session. And they usually try not to have anyone do back-to-back talks.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;The average stamina of an interpreter is 20 minutes,&amp;quot; said Lindsay, who also is an interpreter for Hmong, a language mostly spoken in the mountainous regions of Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Burma. &amp;quot;That varies as they build up interpretation muscle.&amp;quot;&amp;#39;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Preparing to interpret&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;One has to practice their trade all the time,&amp;quot; Fakatou said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Interpreters&amp;#39; preparation starts well before conference starts and is a very individual process.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &amp;quot;Everyone has their own way of preparing for conference,&amp;quot; Fakatou said. &amp;quot;It isn&amp;#39;t that we just show up Saturday morning and sit down and things flow.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Fakatou takes to heart the counsel in Doctrine and Covenants sections 8 and 9, where Oliver Cowdery wants to translate the Book of Mormon and he is told &amp;quot;you have not understood ... you took no thought save it was to ask me.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the weeks before conference, he attends the temple more, goes back a couple of conferences and studies the scriptures cited, reads aloud previous conference talks and practices interpreting aloud for talks rebroadcast on BYU-TV and fasts and prays.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;I feel strongly that when we do everything that we can, then when we are in need, the Lord will step in,&amp;quot; Fakatou said, who has been interpreting since 1968, when the first stake was organized in his native Tonga.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This time, he helped interpret for President Thomas S. Monson&amp;#39;s four talks and during some of the sessions, for the counselor who was conducting.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Fakatou said he had finished his preparations Friday night and felt relaxed going into conference, but there is always some nervous energy -- especially for those who are interpreting for the first time.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;He was just as nervous this weekend as he was interpreting for the first conference, he said, adding that no one can be so confident that it leads to pride.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;The moment that the element of pride comes in ... you can&amp;#39;t do anything,&amp;quot; Tucker said. &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s a very humbling opportunity.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;I pray that I will be equal to the task to provide the right amount of expertise in the delivery of the talk,&amp;quot; Tucker said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the days before conference, it&amp;#39;s the &amp;quot;storm before the calm,&amp;quot; Lindsay says, as people are setting up and preparing for the meetings.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;When we get here, everyone has been trained and people have been fasting and praying,&amp;quot; Lindsay said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;More than twice a year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;Our workload doesn&amp;#39;t stop at conference,&amp;quot; Bateson said. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;For two weeks after conference, they work with the LDS Church magazine staffs to put out the conference editions. The recordings of the talks also go up on &lt;a href="http://lds.org"&gt;lds.org&lt;/a&gt; and are distributed via DVD.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conference isn&amp;#39;t the only time when interpreters are needed, as there are more than 200 events per year they help with, Johnson said.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Interpreters are needed for the General Young Women and Relief Society meetings, Church Educational System firesides, temple dedications, stake conferences and one-on-one interviews. Recently, when President Uchtdorf was in the Pacific area, there were interpreters there and in the Conference Center. Many times, interpreters will be in the Conference Center in the middle the night.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s bigger than you think,&amp;quot; Johnson said. &amp;quot;It&amp;#39;s such a pleasant experience to be involved with this.&amp;quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr align="center" noshade size="1" width="25%"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;E-mail: &lt;a href="mailto:rappleye@desnews.com"&gt;rappleye@desnews.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Kaynak: &lt;a href="http://mormontimes.com/around_church/worldwide_church/?id=14262"&gt;http://mormontimes.com/around_church/worldwide_church/?id=14262&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;/i&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-5879832585072862999?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/translators-and-interpreters-needed-for.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-4020998013271834323</guid><pubDate>Mon, 05 Apr 2010 12:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-05T14:19:42.715+02:00</atom:updated><title>Latince öldü. Yaşasın Latince!</title><description>Remus&amp;amp;Romulus örneği hala emdiğimiz dildir Latince..&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Nurullah Ataç (1898 - 1957), Türk Dil Devrimi&amp;rsquo;nin en ön saflardaki savaşçısıydı.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Fransızca öğretmenliği, çevirmenlik (bu arada Cumhurbaşkanlığı çevirmenliği), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayın Kolu Başkanlığı yaptı. Fransız, Latin ve Rus klasiklerinden çeviriler kazandırdı Türkçemize. Başta tiyatro olmak üzere, edebiyat eleştirmenliği ve deneme yazılarıyla tanır onu Cumhuriyet kuşağı.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Bugün Türkçenin özellikle Batı dillerinin etkisi altında giderek yozlaştığından yakınıyoruz. Nurullah Ataç; bizler gibi sadece yakınmakla kalmamış, Türkçenin bizim dilimiz olması ve kalması, yabancı dil etkilerinden arınması, arılaşması ve sadeleşmesi için &amp;ldquo;adını deliye çıkartmak&amp;rdquo; pahasına yılmadan mücadele vermiştir. Eleştiri yazılarında, denemelerinde yabancı sözcük kullanmaktan özenle kaçınmış, &amp;ldquo;dil ile düşünce arasında dolaysız bir ilişki olduğunu, somut düşünme geleneğinin doğabilmesi için kavramların saydam, hangi kökten geldiklerinin anlaşılır olması gerektiğini&amp;rdquo; savunmuştur.&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Daha da ileri gitmiştir Nurullah Ataç. Şu gerçekçiliğe bakınız: &amp;ldquo; Latince , Grekçe, Farsça, Arapça gibi (klasik) yabancı dillerin eğitimini okullarımızda zorunlu kılmak başarılamayacağına göre, (Türkçenin özüne dönmesi) bu dillerden alınan sözcüklerin Türkçeleştirilmesinden geçer.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Türkçeleştirme çalışmaları sonucunda ortaya çıkan öz Türkçe sözcüklere (neolojizm) &amp;ldquo;uydurma&amp;rdquo; gözüyle bakılmıştır Osmanlı dönemi hayranları tarafından. Ataç şunu der bu konuda: &amp;ldquo;Uydurma dil dediler mi, bir şey söylediklerini sanıyorlar. Söyleyeyim ben size: Bu uydurma sözünü, Türkçecilik akımına karşı bir silah diye kullanmaya kalkanlardan ne dediğini bilen, şöyle gerçekten düşünerek konuşan bir tek kişi tanımıyorum. Evet, uyduracağız, bizim yaptığımız, uydurduğumuz kelimeler de yavaş yavaş halka işleyecek, eski Arapça, Farsça kelimelerin işlediği gibi. Onların yerini tutacak.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Ataç&amp;rsquo;ın Türkçe&amp;rsquo;nin bağımsızlığı uğruna takındığı bu köktenci tutum, öz Türkçe sözcükler kullanması, yazılarında (Latincede olduğu gibi) devrik cümlelerden kaçmaması, eleştiri oklarını üzerine çekmiştir. Ama Ataç, yılmamıştır: &amp;ldquo;Oysaki ben, öz Türkçe için nice kazançları teptim, rahatımı kaçırdım, üzdüm kendimi, adımı deliye çıkardım. Hepsi de ne dediklerini bilmez, kafalarına düşüncenin gölgesi bile girmemiş birer alıktır bana deli diyenler. Öz Türkçeye özenişim de duygularımın etkisiyle değildir. Latince, (eski) Yunanca öğretilmeyen bir ülkede tek doğru yolun, tek usul (akla uygun) yolun öz dile gitmek olduğunu düşüncemle anladım da onun için o yolu buldum.&amp;rdquo;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Türk Dil Devrimi&amp;rsquo;nin (harf devrimine dönmeye gerek yok!) fikir babası Mustafa Kemal Atatürk gibi, o devrimin şahmerdanı, motoru Nurullah Ataç da yanılmadı.&lt;br&gt;İkisi de çılgın Türk&amp;rsquo;tü.&lt;br&gt;Gençler pek bilmez, ya da sadece şarkılardan türkülerden bilir. Bazı örnekler, bu öngörünün canlı tanıklarıdır:&lt;br&gt; On yıllardır &amp;ldquo;müselles&amp;rdquo;i bilen yok, sadece &amp;ldquo;üçgen&amp;rdquo; diyoruz. Muallim türkülerde kaldı, artık öğretmenlerimiz var. &amp;ldquo;İhtimal&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;olasılık&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;imkân&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;olanak&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;misal&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;örnek&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;siyasî&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;siyasal&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;hissî&amp;rdquo; ve &amp;ldquo;duygusal&amp;rdquo;ın serbest piyasa mücadelesi sürüyor. Nazır öldü, başımızda bakanlar var. Gök kuşağı&amp;rsquo;nı hepimiz biliyoruz. Ama bilen bilmeyen, eskinin &amp;ldquo;alâim-i sema&amp;rdquo;sına &amp;ldquo;eleğimi sağma&amp;rdquo; diyor.&lt;br&gt; Türk Dili&amp;rsquo;ne hizmet verenlerin ruhu şad olsun.&lt;br&gt;&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Latince?..&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;ldquo;Dillerin kraliçesi&amp;rdquo;&amp;hellip; Öyle biliniyor.&lt;br&gt;Bir Indo-Cermen dili. Merkezi eski Roma olan Latium (bugünkü Lazio) bölgesinin sakinleri olan Latinler tarafından konuşulup yazılmış. Eski Latincenin tarihi, Milattan Önce 8. -5. yüzyıl yazıtlarına kadar uzanıyor. Latincenin &amp;ldquo;altın dönemi&amp;rdquo;ne Çiçero ve Vergil, daha sonraları ise Seneca ve Augustinus damgasını vurmuş. Roma İmparatorluğu&amp;rsquo;nun resmî dili ve dolayısıyla Batı Akdeniz havzasının genel geçer bir dili olmuş. Gündelik Latinceden, bugün &amp;ldquo;Roman dilleri&amp;rdquo; dediğimiz Romence, İtalyanca, İspanyolca, Portekizce gibi diller doğmuş. Romalı yazarların, şairlerin kullandığı Latince, bir &amp;ldquo;ölü dil&amp;rdquo; olarak kalmış, ama günümüze kadar edebiyatta, bilimde, politikada ve kilise çevrelerinde hep önde gelen dil olagelmiş. Thomas von Aquin, Petrarca, Erasmus, Martin Luther, Copernicus, Descartes, Newton&amp;hellip;eserlerini Latince olarak yazmışlar. 19. yüzyıla kadar tüm Avrupa üniversitelerinde dersler Latin dilinde verilmiş, işlenmiş; Latince, Polonya ve Macaristan&amp;rsquo;da resmî dil olmuş.&lt;br&gt; Bugün, Roman dillerinden olmayan Almanca ve İngilizcede binlerce Latince kökenli sözcük var. Özellikle bilimde (tıp, biyoloji, sosyoloji, psikoloji, hukuk, siyaset bilimi vb.) ne zaman yeni bir terime, kavrama ihtiyaç duyulsa, Latinceye başvuruluyor.&lt;br&gt; Dilsel ve kültürel gelişim açısından taşıdığı önem nedeniyle bugün -başta Almanya olmak üzere- Avrupa&amp;rsquo;nın birçok ülkesinde orta öğretimde ve üniversitelerde Latince öğretiliyor. Bazı ana bilim dalları için Latince bilgisi ön koşul.&lt;br&gt; Latince öldü, ama hâlâ yaşıyor.&lt;br&gt;Latince artık sadece Vatikan&amp;rsquo;da konuşulup yazılıyor. Bazı Avrupa ülkelerinin (başta haber yayınlarıyla Radio Vatikan) özel Latince radyo yayınları var. İnternette Latince sayfalar, Latince chat odaları bile var.&lt;br&gt; Latince ölmüş, ama uygar dünya Latincesiz edemiyor.&lt;br&gt;&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Biz edebildik.&lt;br&gt;Türkçemizde yüzlerce Latince kökenli sözcük var.&lt;br&gt;Vefasız olduk, edebildik.&lt;br&gt;&amp;ldquo;Masa&amp;rdquo; Türkçe değil. Latince &amp;ldquo;mensa&amp;rdquo;dan geliyor. İssota lâf yok, ama biberimiz de Latinceden (piper). Yeni Kuruş bitti. Ama &amp;ldquo;kuruş&amp;rdquo;un kökeni yine Latince (grossus = iri metelik). Mart, Nisan, Mayıs, Ağustos ayları aslında bizim aylarımız değil. &amp;ldquo;Testi&amp;rdquo;yi de (testa), &amp;ldquo;tuğla&amp;rdquo;yı da (tegula) Latinlere borçluyuz. Kiremit de, tebeşir de, kireç de bizim değil, hepsi Latinlerden ödünç. Mübarek &amp;ldquo;kandil&amp;rdquo; hakeza. Erkek oyunu tavla, Latinlerin &amp;ldquo;tabula&amp;rdquo;sı. &amp;ldquo;Tabula&amp;rdquo;nın küçüğü &amp;ldquo;tabulla&amp;rdquo; Latincede; biz de &amp;ldquo;tabela&amp;rdquo; deyivermişiz. Latinlere çorap değilse bile bir &amp;ldquo;mendil&amp;rdquo; borcumuz var. Latincedeki &amp;ldquo;temon&amp;rdquo; (arabanın oku), bizde &amp;ldquo;dümen&amp;rdquo; olmuş&amp;rdquo;. Üstüne oturduğunuz iskemle, Latinlerin &amp;ldquo;scamnulum&amp;rdquo;u. İskele, Latinlerin &amp;ldquo;scala&amp;rdquo;sı (merdiven); &amp;ldquo;Kiler&amp;rdquo;imiz, onlarda &amp;ldquo;cellarium&amp;rdquo;.Erciyes dibindeki Kayseri bile, &amp;ldquo;imparatorluğunu&amp;rdquo; Latince &amp;ldquo;Caesarea&amp;rdquo;dan tescillettirmiş. &amp;ldquo;Çelebi&amp;rdquo; Türkçe midir? I-ııhh: Latince &amp;ldquo;caelebs&amp;rdquo;den (bekâr adam) gelir. Uğur kardeşim, sen adın Türkçe mi sanıyorsun? Git , Latincede &amp;ldquo;augurium&amp;rdquo; ne demek, ona bir bak! Ya da bir konserde bir &amp;ldquo;peçete&amp;rdquo;ye istek şarkı adı yazarken, o peçeteyi bile sorgulamayı öğren&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt; Bunlar, bize Latinceden doğrudan gelenler. Bir de Fransızca, İtalyanca, İspanyolca, Farsça gibi Latince ile akraba diller üzerinden kazandığımız sözcükler var ki, binlercedir, say say bitmez: Prensip, obje , süje, dijital (digitus = parmak), portal, endüstri, vantilatör, makine, kondüktör, suflör, tiyatro, operasyon, enkarnasyon, birader (frater), &amp;ldquo;anne&amp;rdquo; anlamındaki mader (mater), peder (pater)&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt; Kendisi zaten güçlü, ama aynı zamanda alım gücü ve sindirim sistemi sağlam bir dil Türkçemiz.&lt;br&gt;Ama biz vefasızız. Latincenin değerini bilememiş, onu -Ataç&amp;rsquo;ın dediği gibi, ortaöğretimde zorunlu ders haline getirme şansımız olmasa bile- üniversitelerimizde bile köşeciklere sıkıştırmışız. Olsa da olur, olmasa da olur kabilinden&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt; &amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Latince, öğrenmesi kolay bir dil. Öğretmensiz öğrenilebiliyor.&lt;br&gt;Yanlış okumadınız: Öğretmensiz öğrenilebiliyor.&lt;br&gt;Biz Türklere özellikle kolay. Devrik cümle her yerde caiz. İsim, fiil çekimlerindeki mantık aynen Türkçemizde olduğu gibi. Telaffuzda hiç sorun yok; o da Mustafa Kemal&amp;rsquo;in Harf Devrimi ile Türkçeye kazandırdığı&amp;ldquo;fonoloji ilkesi&amp;rdquo;ne (tek harfe tek ses) neredeyse birebir uyuyor (İstisna: &amp;ldquo;c&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;k&amp;rdquo; diye ; &amp;ldquo;ae&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;e&amp;rdquo; diye, hece başındaki &amp;ldquo;s&amp;rdquo; ise &amp;ldquo;z&amp;rdquo; diye okunacak. Yumuşak &amp;ldquo;g&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;ı&amp;rdquo; falan da yok. Hepsi bu kadar).&lt;br&gt; Bir iki önemli nokta daha:&lt;br&gt;- Latince öğrenirken -eğer Batı kökenli herhangi bir yabancı dil bilmiyorsanız-, Türkçemizi daha iyi tanıyor, onun gizemli yanlarını keşfediyorsunuz.&lt;br&gt;- Latince öğrenirken -eğer Batı kökenli herhangi bir dili herhangi bir derecede biliyorsanız- o dilleri daha da kolay öğrenebileceğinizi, o dillerin gizemli yanlarını daha da kolay keşfedebildiğinizi görüyorsunuz.&lt;br&gt; Çünkü bol bol ortak sözcük var. Dilbilgisinde (gramer), sözdiziminde (sentaks) çokça ortak yön var.&lt;br&gt;İpin ucunu bir yakaladınız mı, Latince sizi istediğiniz Batı diline kolayca uçurabiliyor.&lt;br&gt;Denemekte fayda var. Denemek isteyenler için kaynak:&lt;br&gt; LINGUA LATINA (Latince Ders Kitabı). Yazanlar: Ord. Prof. Dr. Georg Rohde ve Prof. Dr. Samim Sinanoğlu. İki cilt. İkisinin de dördüncü ve son baskısı 1976, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınlarından. Birinci cilt 242, ikincisi 243.&lt;br&gt; TBMM Kütüphanesi, Millî Kütüphane ve DTCF Kütüphanesi dışında başka yerde bulunmaz.&lt;br&gt;&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Farkında olalım ya da olmayalım, ölü dediğimiz Latince yaşamımızın her yerinde var:&lt;br&gt;- Tıp onsuz edemiyor. Biyoloji, zooloji, botanik de öyle. Ama ülkemizde Latince öğretimi &amp;ldquo;köşede&amp;rdquo; bırakıldığından, sözünü ettiğim bilim dallarının mensupları, sadece Latince kavram ve terimleri ezberlemek zorunda kalıyorlar. Örneğin bir hekim: Her organın, kılcal damarların, her hastalığın Latince adını ezberlemiştir. Ama Latince öğrenmeden.. Örneğin, Latince olarak &amp;ldquo;Nasılsın, iyi misin?&amp;rdquo; ya da &amp;ldquo;Seni çok seviyorum&amp;rdquo; diyemez. Bilmez. Ama her damarın Latince adını bilir..&lt;br&gt; - Daha çok bilinen bir alan, hukuk ve uluslararası ilişkiler: Burada da meslek erbabının olmazsa olmaz Latince kavram ve terimleri vardır. Ama yine çoğu ezberdir sadece. Önünün arkasının ne olduğu bilinmeden kullanılır. Örneğin&amp;ldquo;de facto&amp;rdquo; (fiilen, bilfiil), &amp;ldquo;de.jure&amp;rdquo; (hukuken&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;ex officio&amp;rdquo; (re&amp;rsquo;sen, görev gereği), &amp;ldquo;casus belli&amp;rdquo; (savaş durumu) gibi&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt; Ezbere kullanılırlar. MB dahil her yerde, TBMM kürsüsünde bile, &amp;ldquo;bak ben Latince biliyorum haa!&amp;rdquo; der gibi, &amp;ldquo;hava atmak&amp;rdquo; için kullanılırlar. En tipik örnek sonuncusudur. .Ben; Kardak Krizi zamanlarında bir gün meclis kürsüsünden bir milletvekilinin, &amp;ldquo;savaş ilanı gerektirecek durum&amp;rdquo; anlamındaki &amp;ldquo;casus belli&amp;rdquo;yi, &amp;ldquo;ajan zaten biliniyor&amp;rdquo;anlamında kullandığını anımsıyorum.&lt;br&gt; Latince bilmeden Latince taslayanların düştükleri çokça komik durumlar var. Anlat anlat bitmez.&lt;br&gt;Ezberlenmiştir: Veni, vidi, viçi denir (Geldim, gördüm, yendim).&lt;br&gt;Doğrusu; veni, vidi, viki&amp;rsquo;dir.&lt;br&gt;Telaffuz kurallarını yukarıda yazmıştım.&lt;br&gt; Gerisi ezbercinin, papağanın işi.&lt;br&gt;&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Bir dostumun armağan ettiği bir kitabı okuyorum günlerdir. Oku oku bitmiyor.&lt;br&gt;&amp;ldquo;Latince öldü, yaşasın Latince!&amp;rdquo; adı (Latein ist tot. Es lebe Latein!).&lt;br&gt;Alt başlık: Büyük bir dilin küçük öyküsü.&lt;br&gt; Yazarı: Wilfried Stroh. Eski filolog ve Latince âşığı bir Alman.&lt;br&gt;Küçük öykü dediği, yaklaşık beş yüz sayfa.&lt;br&gt;Anlattığı; ölü bilinen Latincenin günümüzde bile diri kalmış öyküsü.&lt;br&gt;Çiçero (doğrusu Kikero, Klasik Latincede Tsitsero&amp;rsquo;dur!) mucizesinden, Vergil&amp;rsquo;in büyüsünden başlayıp, Latincenin nasıl edebiyat dili ve günün birinde bir dünya dili olduğunu, Latincenin öldüğünde ve demode olduğunda &amp;ldquo;ölmezleştiğini&amp;rdquo;, kanlı canlı Latinceyi, Latincenin evrensel büyüsünü anlatıyor Wilfried Stroh. Kitabının sonuna, &amp;ldquo;tüm dillerin kraliçesi&amp;rdquo;nin neredeyse üç bin yıllık bir kronolojisini de koymuş. İsa&amp;rsquo;dan Önce 1200&amp;rsquo;lerden 2006 yılına kadar. Kronolojinin sonlarında Gorbatschow&amp;rsquo;un &amp;ldquo;perestroika&amp;rdquo;sı (yeniden yapılanma) ile bile bağlantı kurulmuş.&lt;br&gt; &amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Wilfried Stroh, kitabının hemen başlarında, Nurullah Ataç gibi (ve tabii ki Batı dünyası bağlamında ve bizim dersler çıkarabileceğimiz anlamda) sorgulamalar yapıyor.&lt;br&gt;Sorguluyor ve diyor ki: Çocuğum okulda Latince, hatta zorunlu ilk yabancı dil olarak Latince mi öğrensin, yoksa dünya dili İngilizceyi mi?&lt;br&gt; Ve dostlarının ağzından kendisi cevap veriyor: Değmez! Bir işe yaramaz! Papa XVI. Benedikt ve şürekâsı dışında ezelden beri hiçbir Tanrı kulunun konuşup yazmadığı eski Romalıların dilini öğrenmeye değmez!&lt;br&gt;İlave ediyor ve diyor ki: Hayır, kazın ayağı öyle değil. Öldü denilen Latince, yaşamımızın her alanında yaşıyor. Roman dilleri İtalyanca, Fransızca, İspanyolca, Portekizcede yaşıyor. Bu diller &amp;ldquo;mevta olmayan&amp;rdquo; Latincenin canlı tanıkları.&lt;br&gt; Karşı görüştekilerin argümanlarını yukarıda ben anlatmaya çalıştım elimden geldiğince.&lt;br&gt;Stroh, şöyle bitiriyor sözlerini:&lt;br&gt;&amp;ldquo;Latince sevdasından vazgeçmek, onu bir mevta dil diye toprağa vermek&amp;hellip; Olmaz! Latince, bugün değil, iki bin yıl önce ölmüştür. Ama bu ölüm, -eğer bunun adına ölüm denilebilirse- sadece, ama sadece güzellikler içindeki bir ebedî yaşamın kaynağı olmuştur&amp;hellip; Gelin, bırakalım yaşasın Latince!&amp;rdquo;&lt;br&gt; &amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Okudukça devam edebilirim bu konuda yazmaya.&lt;br&gt;Bugünlük yeter.&lt;br&gt;&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ve Nurullah Ataç&amp;rsquo;ın Dil Devrimi çabaları varken, &amp;ldquo;takıyye&amp;rdquo; denilen sözcük telaffuz bile edilmiyordu.&lt;br&gt;Okullarımızda Latince yerine, Arapça dal budak salıyor bugün. O da klasik ve saygın bir dildir. Ama &amp;ldquo;din&amp;rdquo; bağlamında okullaşıyor.&lt;br&gt; Avrupa Birliği&amp;rsquo;nin , &amp;ldquo;ilerleme raporları&amp;rdquo;nda bu konulardan da söz etmesi gerek.&lt;br&gt;Bölge petrolü ve diğer yer altı zenginlikleri yetmez bizi ikna etmeye. Kürtçenin bağımsızlığı da yetmez.&lt;br&gt;Bizi AB&amp;rsquo;ne aslında can damarından, Mustafa Kemal&amp;rsquo;in dediği anlamda Batıya bağlaması gereken konularda da AB&amp;rsquo;nin söylemesi gereken sözler vardır.&lt;br&gt; AB; Mustafa Kemal&amp;rsquo;in, Nurullah Ataç&amp;rsquo;ın neresindedir? Latinceye hassastır, ama bizdeki İmam-Hatip Arapçasına neden yumuşak (ılımlı) bakar?&lt;br&gt;AB, bizde Latinceye neden hiç bakmaz?&lt;br&gt;Bunları bilmek hakkımızdır.&lt;br&gt;Kaynak: &lt;a href="http://blog.milliyet.com.tr/Latince_oldu__Yasasin_Latince_/Blog/?BlogNo=201668"&gt;http://blog.milliyet.com.tr/Latince_oldu__Yasasin_Latince_/Blog/?BlogNo=201668&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-4020998013271834323?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/latince-oldu-yasasn-latince.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3017380401227665319.post-216661668438756511</guid><pubDate>Mon, 05 Apr 2010 12:05:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2010-04-05T14:05:31.822+02:00</atom:updated><title>ABD'nin Bişkek Büyükelçiliği Kırgızistan Kütüphanelerine Kitap Dağıttı</title><description>&lt;p class="haberozet"&gt;Dünya Çocuk Kitap Haftası Nedeniyle ABD&amp;#39;nin &lt;a href="http://www.haberler.com/taskent/" title="Taşkent Haberleri" onclick="javascript: pageTracker._trackEvent(&amp;#39;HABERDETAY&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;Clicks&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;Haber_Metni_Terim_Linkleri&amp;#39;);"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Taşkent&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Büyükelçiliği, Kırgızistan&amp;#39;daki Kütüphanelere Kitap Hibe Etti. Büyükelçiliği&amp;#39;nin Girişimiyle Amerikalı Çocuk Kitap Yazarları Tarafından Kaleme Alnın Eserler Kırgızcaya Tercüme Edilerek Kütüphanelere Dağıtıldı&lt;/p&gt;           	 	 	   Dünya çocuk kitap haftası nedeniyle ABD&amp;#39;nin &lt;a href="http://www.haberler.com/taskent/" title="Taşkent Haberleri" onclick="javascript: pageTracker._trackEvent(&amp;#39;HABERDETAY&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;Clicks&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;Haber_Metni_Terim_Linkleri&amp;#39;);"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Taşkent&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Büyükelçiliği, Kırgızistan&amp;#39;daki kütüphanelere kitap hibe etti. Büyükelçiliği&amp;#39;nin girişimiyle Amerikalı çocuk kitap yazarları tarafından kaleme alnın eserler Kırgızcaya tercüme edilerek kütüphanelere dağıtıldı &lt;div style="padding: 15px 15px 15px 0pt; float: left;" align="left"&gt;  &lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  	 &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Başkent Bişkek merkez kütüphanesinde gerçekleşen törende konuşan ABD&amp;#39;nin Bişkek Büyükelçisi Tatiana Geoflerr, büyükelçilik tarafından organize edilen kitapların Kırgız çocukların eğitimine büyük katkılar sağlayacağından emin olduğunu belirtti. Büyükelçi Geoflerr, tercüme edilen eserlerin Kırgız çocukların ilgisine çekeceğinden emin olduğunu aktardı. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bayalinov Merkez Kütüphane&amp;#39;de gerçekleşen törende kütüphane müdürü Roza Sultangaziyeva ABD Büyükelçiliği&amp;#39;nin kitap yardımından dolayı duyduğu memnuniyeti dile getirdi. Sultangaziyeva Kırgız dilinde çocuk kitapların son zamanlarda az yayınladığını öne sürdü. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kırgız Dil Komitesi Başkanı Azimcan İbrahimov ise ABD tarafından hibe edilen kitapların Kırgızcaya &amp;#39;da büyük katkı sağlayacağını dile getirdi. Törende sahne alan miniklerin küçük konseri alkış aldı. &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kaynak: &lt;a href="http://www.haberler.com/abd-nin-biskek-buyukelciligi-kirgizistan-haberi/1990324/"&gt;http://www.haberler.com/abd-nin-biskek-buyukelciligi-kirgizistan-haberi/1990324/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;Ceviri Cevirmen Blogu&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/3017380401227665319-216661668438756511?l=translatorsdiary.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://translatorsdiary.blogspot.com/2010/04/abdnin-biskek-buyukelciligi-krgzistan.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Bir Yazar)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><language>en-us</language><media:rating>nonadult</media:rating></channel></rss>

