كل يوم معلومة صحية

علاج الاسهال

2013-10-22T05:13:00.003-07:00

الإسهال

الاسهال

تعريف الإسهال:

الإسهال هو عرض يصاحب الكثير من الأمراض ويعتبر موجودا إذا ما كان البراز مائي أو لين ويحدث ثلاث مرات أو أكثر في اليوم خلال الأربع والعشرين ساعة

أعراض الاسهال:

مكن تقسيم الاعراض المصاحبة للاسهال الى قسمين: الاسهال الخفيف (ليس حادا) والاسهال الحاد. قد يكون ظهور الاسهال الحاد مؤشرا / دليلا على وجود مرض اخر، اكثر حدة وخطورة.

علامات الاسهال الحاد يمكن ان تشمل:

ü      انتفاخ في تجويف البطن او تشنجات (مغص) معوية

ü البراز الرخو

ü      البراز المائي

ü      الشعور الملح بضرورة عمل الامعاء

ü      الشعور بالغثيان والقيء

علاوة على ما ذكر اعلاه، قد تشمل اعراض الاسهال الحاد، ايضا، الاثار والاعراض الجانبية التالية:
وجود دم، لعاب او طعام لم يتم (لم يكتمل) هضمه كما يجب في البراز

ü      فقدان الوزن

ü      الحمى

أسباب الإسهال:

§         بعض أنواع البكتيريا مثل السالمونيلا والشيجلا.

§         الكوليرا.

§         غزو فيروسي.

§         بعض الطفيليات كالاميبا والجارديا.

§         الحالة النفسية(إسهال نتيجة العصبية).

§         معالجات اشعاعية (المعالجة بالاشعة ــ ( Radiotherapy

§         انواع قليلة من السرطان

§         عمليات جراحية في الجهاز الهضمي و الأمعاء

علاج الإسهال:

علاج الاسهال حين يعاني شخص ما من اسهال خفيف حتى معتدل و ليس الحاد، بامكانه الانتظار حتى يشفى من تلقاء نفسه وعدم محاوله علاج الاسهال بوسائل اخرى او يمكن علاج الاسهال بواسطة ادوية تباع بدون مراجعة الطبيب. و العلاج بالاعشاب مثل التوت و الرمان و الخروب والجوافة غيرها.

أدوية للاسهال وعلاج سريع

هناك عدد من الادوية المعروفة لعلاج الاسهال مثل: فلاجيل اقراص أو بيبتو بيسمول (Pepto Bismol)، ايموديوم (Imodium A - D) وكاوبيكتات (Kaopectate) ويمكن الحصول على جميعها، بشكل سائل او اقراص (حبوب).

كلمات دلالية عن الموضوع :

اسهال - الاسهال المزمن - الاسهال عند الاطفال - الاسهال عند الرضع - الاسهال عند الكبار - علاج الاسهال الشديد- علاج الاسهال المزمن - علاج الاسهال بالاعشاب - علاج الاسهال للاطفال - علاج الاسهال للكبار - اسباب الاسهال -علاج الاسهال - علاج سريع للاسهال

2012 Health Savings Account Limits

2012-02-07T13:24:00.001-08:00

2012 Health Savings Account Limits

Every year, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sets the Health Savings Account (HSA) contribution limits. "Contribution" is the money you place in your HSA that may be deducted from your annual income tax.

Last year, the limits remain unchanged because the increase in the cost of living was holding steady. That was attributed to the economic crisis then, but the IRS has announced that the 2012 HSA contribution limits will increasing slightly.

What Are Health Savings Accounts?

Basically, a Health Savings Account is a tax-advantaged account that is linked with a qualified high-deductible health plan. You can set up an HSA with private insurance companies and banks, too. Health Savings Accounts are primarily used to pay for qualified health care expenses tax-free and help build savings for the future.

HSA annual contributions can be made by you or your employer. Even if you leave the job, you get to keep the contributions made by your employer. The earnings that you get from your HSA assets are not taxed either. The unused HSA money left at the end of the year is never lost. The balance rolls over each year.

What Are The HSA Limits For Contributions In 2012?

For individual coverage, the 2012 maximum annual HSA contribution will increase by $50 to $3,100. As for family coverage, that will increase by $100 to $6,250.

What Is The HSA Catch-Up Contribution?

As for the catch-up contribution, it remains unchanged. Persons age 55 or older can make an additional contribution of $1,000 to help them catch up with pending retirement needs.

Can I Use HSA Funds For Something Other Than Health Care?

Unless you are at least 65 years old, using your HSA money for anything other than qualified health care would trigger a 20-percent tax penalty on the withdrawal. You'd also have to pay taxes on that money. You can use your HSA dollars on qualified medical expenses for your spouse and dependents even if they are not covered by your health insurance policy. Qualified expenses can vary and include dental care, eyeglasses, chiropractic care, hearing aids and weight loss programs.

What Are The Limits For Deductibles on HSA Plans In 2012?

HSA plans are only available when you have a qualified high-deductible health insurance policy. Not all high-deductible health plans can be linked with an HSA.

As for 2012, you must have an annual deductible of not less than $1,200 for individuals or $2,400 for families. Even though a plan may fall within this range, the insurance company must agree to report to the IRS in order for a plan to allow you to start an HSA. These plans also have limits on how much you can end up spending "out-of-pocket" per year. That maximum is $6,050 for individuals and it's $12,100 for families. These numbers are not changing from 2011.

Article Source EzineArticles

Sleep -work disorder‏

2012-02-07T13:21:00.001-08:00

Night shifts may be responsible for your sleep disorder

if you are a doctor ,policeofficer ,factory woorker or anyone have to work night shifts or rotating shifts you are unfortunately exposed to have work shift sleep disorder.

generally not all who work night or rotating shifts suffer from this disorder but whom suffer from it are at higher risk of accidents due to the lack of sleep &concentration ,lack of energy .be more irritable &anxiety and affects the body overall health condition.

signs of work shift sleep disorder

feeling redundant desire to sleep during your work time .

insomnia and unable to fall asleep when back home.

loss of energy and unability to concentrate.

?why you feel asleep during your night shifts

inside everyone of us there is a biological clock that is controlled by acenter in our brain ,this clock is programmed that the body rest time is at night and is stimulated during daytime by sunlight when you work at night you work against your nature ,and the biological clock take time to use to new situation.but this is different from person to another ,some people adapt easily than others.but it become harder when you work rotating shifts as the biological clock feel more confused .

here are some advises to avoid &treat wok shift sleep disorder and give you better sleep time

try not to take many night shifts in connection but separate them with several days to give yourself a chance to have sleep &repair your body.

try to avoid rotating shifts as possible ,if you can't start your schedule by day shifts then evening then night ones act not vice versa.

avoid long distances travel that take from your sleep time

-during your night shift ,make your workplace brightly-lighted

you could have one cup of coffee or tea in the start of your night shift but don't exceed that to be able to sleep when you erturn home.

avoid bright light in your way back home , wear ahat &sun glassesto keep away sunlight and don't stop in your way to make any tasks.

committe to specific time for sleeping &waking up.

ask your family to keep a quiet atmosphere while you are sleeping.

make your sleeping room dark when you try to sleep at daytime as sunlight stimulates brain while you are trying to sleep.

if this tips doesn't help you with your work sleep disorders

you would better discuss that with your doctor ,he may prescribe you medications that make you alert at time of work and help you sleep at sleeping time ,but it is better to try this tips for sometime before taking medications.

Dr.:Reham El_Sayed

DMI Team

Source: Webmd

Cold Urticaria!

2012-02-07T13:19:00.001-08:00

Cold Urticaria!

It's an allergy to cold temperatures.It's of a high medical importance in the cold countries.

Occurs in minutes or even seconds after exposure to a cold stimulus "cold air,cold water,etc..".

:Symptoms

:general

Reddish, itchy welts on the area of skin that was exposed to cold . vary in size from about 7 mm - 27 mm or larger !

Swelling of hands when holding cold objects.

Swelling of lips when eating cold foods.

:In rare cases

severe swelling of the tongue and throat that can block breathing

:Severe reactions

In some people, reactions affect the whole body . This is known as a systemic reaction:

Fainting

Chills

Fast heartbeat

Swelling of limbs or trunk

The worst reactions occur with full skin exposure, such as swimming in cold water.

A massive release of histamine and other immune system chemicals causes a sudden drop in blood pressure that can lead to fainting, shock and, in rare cases, death.

In the case of cold-water swimming, drowning can be caused by loss of consciousness.

The severity of cold urticaria symptoms varies widely. Some people have minor reactions to cold, while others have severe reactions. It's also impossible to say whether it will get better over time. In some cases, cold urticaria goes away on its own after several months. In other cases, it lasts many years !

:Causes

The cause of cold urticaria isn't clear.

-Certain people appear to have overly sensitive skin cells

-either due to an inherited trait

-or caused by a virus or other illness.

Exposure to cold triggers the release of histamine and other immune system chemicals into the skin. These chemicals are the responsible for the symptoms.

When to occur for example ??

only in the susceptible people

-Cold weather: Exposure to cold or cool air for more than a few minutes can trigger a reaction.

-Swimming:can be dangerous specially with the systemic reaction.An allergy medication before entering the water is necessary.

-Air Conditioning: Entering a cool building during a summer day can result in an allergic reaction to exposed areas of skin, congestion from breathing the cool air and possibly feeling fatigued.

-Cold Foods/Drinks: Eating or drinking cold or cool substances such as ice cream,may result in the individuals tongue and surrounding tissues swelling.

:-others

:Types & Risk factors

Cold urticaria can occur in any age group, whether in female or male. But it's more likely to have cold urticaria if:

:*You're a child or young adult.

A type of urticaria called primary acquired urticaria occurs in children and young adults.

This is the most common type of urticaria, and it usually improves on its own within two to three years.

*:You have an underlying health condition.

Known as secondary acquired urticaria, this less common type of cold urticaria can be caused by an underlying health problem, such as rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis or cancer.

:*You have certain inherited traits.

Rarely, cold urticaria is associated with an inherited condition called familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome. This condition causes painful wheals and flu-like symptoms after exposure to cold.

:Treatment

There is no cure for cold urticaria, but treatment is supportive.

The most important treatment is to stay warm.

Warming up immediately after exposure to cold temperatures usually helps control the welts before they get worse. Although, the welts do not instantaneously disappear after warming the affected area(s), warming up afterwards reduces the time it takes for the welts to go away.

Prevention There's no way to avoid getting cold urticaria in the first place, but you can help prevent symptoms by taking medications as prescribed and avoiding cold temperatures, especially cold exposure to unprotected skin.

:Medications can help prevent and reduce symptoms.

Antihistamines

Antidepressants,to treat anxiety and depression.

These medications won't cure cold urticaria , they'll only ease symptoms.

If you have cold urticaria because of an underlying health problem, you may need medications or other treatment for that condition as well.

Take Care

Dr: Rokya Elmahdawy

DMI Team

Source:Mayoclinic

Tonsillitis

2012-02-07T13:18:00.000-08:00

Tonsillitis

Tonsils are 2 balls of lymphatic tissue on both sides of the throat, above and behind the tongue. They are part of the immune system, which helps the body fight infection. However, the basic roles of the tonsils in immunity is not clear yet!

:Causes

tonsillitis is caused by a virus, and this is the most frequent.But may occur as a result of the same bacteria that cause sore throat, and in other rare cases where the general health situation is not good ,the cause may be fungal infection or a parasite!

Viral infections are more common than bacterial infections in all seasons, but bacterial infections are usually most common during the winter

Although there is no evidence that exposure to cigarette smoke can cause tonsillitis, but the children of smokers are conducting a tonsillectomy more than others.

The modes of transmission of this infection is the exposure to the infected persons' droplets, either directly or indirectly via any tool or surface that received the droplets.

:Symptoms

The most common symptom is sore throat .

Redness and swelling of the tonsils, with patches or completely covered by pus

High temperature.

headache.

Malaise.

* Viral symptoms are similar to the symptoms of common cold: runny nose, sneezing, cough and sore throat.

* Bacterial symptoms: sore throat and high "sudden" elevated temperature, swollen tonsils with no symptoms of common cold.

The attack resolves on it's own in 4-10 days and longer in the bacterial cases.

Tonsillitis occurs mostly in the childern equally in both female&male.May occur in the adults who didn't do tonsillectomy in their childhood.But doing this operation for the elderly has alot of risks for bleedin and pain.

:Complications

* Frequent throat infections.

* Inflammation of the tonsils caused by bacteria and not treated, lead to complications, such as ear infections and sinus or abscess outside the tonsils.

More serious complications may occur, such as rheumatic fever, especially with the lack of commitment to the treatment and antibiotics.

* Chronic inflammation, which leads to upper airway obstruction, and other problems, such as snoring, nasal congestion, and breathing through the mouth.

:Surgery

Tonsillectomy is an operation common for children, but it's not commonly operated as it was before.

The operation reduces the exposure of your child to throat infections caused by inflammation of the tonsils, but these infections get lesser to occur to the child by getting older,even without surgery.

It's preferred for children who have serious complications with recurrent resistant infections that do not respond to other treatments, especially when they affect the daily life, such as frequent absenteeism from school or because of problems with sleep.Taking the decisions should be after careful consideration for the child health.

However,it's not believed to be the most suitable solution,this operation may be the ideal solution for some cases like:

* Episodes of inflammation occur 5 times or more during the year

* Episodes of inflammation of a 3 or 4 times during the year for several consecutive years.

* Inflammation continued for 3 months despite treatment.

*Obstructed air passages.

* Difficulty in swallowing.

* Difficulty in speaking.

* Bleeding tonsils

The child will be subjected to general anesthesia, discharged from the hospital in 1 day and may remain for one night only. The child, after this surgery should receive care for rest and food.

Tiredness for several days is normal, but he slowly regains his activity,and supposed to return to school in one week and return to full daily activities within two weeks.

* It's preferred the child not to be very young.

:Risk of surgery

Bleeding after the operation is simple and common, especially with the fall of the crust over the wound.

Other complications, but much less common, including bleeding and problems with anesthesia, and these occur during the operation.

:Prevention and treatment

*Prevention

The best prevention is to follow basic health precautions, hygiene, and the following steps are useful, especially for children:

* Avoid close contact with others who are suffering from the disease if possible, keep your child away from the infected children.

* Remind your child repeatedly the importance of washing hands, and do not share toothbrushes or eating utensils with other children.

Washing and disinfection of surfaces and toys .*

* Do not smoke near your child.

*Treatment

*Viral infections

Usually go away on its own. Antibiotics are not effective in the treatment.

May be useful home remedies such as gargling with salt water, drinking warm tea.

Analgesics such as ibuprofen

Do not give aspirin to those who are without the century! This general advice is not specific only for tonsilitis.

*Bacterial infections

Doctor prescribes antibiotics, and full commitment to take the full dose is a must, even if the symptoms disappeared and the state of health improved ! Otherwise, the bacteria will become resistant and these antibiotics are not effective, so it becomes more dangerous bacteria, causing health problems, for example, rheumatic fever in the heart.

By:Dr. Rokaya Almehdawy

DMI Team

source:

Webmd

Facts about Botox

2012-02-07T13:16:00.001-08:00

Botox is the brand name of a toxin produced by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. In large amounts, this toxin can cause food poisoning. Despite that one of the most serious complications of botulism is paralysis; scientists have discovered a way to use it to human advantage. Small, diluted amounts can be directly injected into specific muscles causing controlled weakening of the muscles.

The FDA approved in 1980s to use Botox in treatment of uncontrolled blinking and lazy eye. Doctors are using Botox for years now to treat wrinkles. In April 2002, FDA approved to use Botox for treatment of wrinkles between the eyebrows, and it is often used for other areas of the face as well.

How Does Botox Work?
Botox blocks signals from the nerves to the muscles. The injected muscles can no longer contract, which causes the wrinkles to relax and soften.

It is most often used on forehead lines, lines around the eye and frown lines. BUT Wrinkles caused by sun damage and gravity will not respond to Botox.

How Is a Botox Procedure Performed?
Getting Botox takes only a few minutes and no anesthesia is required. Botox is injected with a fine needle into specific muscles with only minor discomfort. It generally takes 3 to 7 days to take full effect and it is best to avoid alcohol at least one week before the injection. Aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications should be stopped 2 weeks before treatment to reduce bruising "bluish coloration around injection site".

How Long Does a Botox Injection Last?
The effects of Botox will last 4 to 6 months. As muscle action gradually returns, the lines and wrinkles begin to re-appear and wrinkles need to be re-treated. The lines and wrinkles often appear less severe with time because the muscles are being trained to relax.

What Are the Side Effects of Botox?
· Temporary bruising is the most common side effect of Botox.

· Headaches, which disappear in 24-48 hours, but this is rare.

· A small percentage of patients may develop eyelid drooping. Whish usually resolves in three weeks. This usually happens when the Botox moves around so you shouldn't rub the treated area for 12 hours after injection or lay down for three to four hours.

Who Should Not Receive Botox?
· Pregnant women.

· Breastfeeding.

· Or those who have a neurological disease.

Since Botox doesn't work for all wrinkles, a consultation with a doctor is recommended.

Take Care