ARCHITECTURE OF EUROPE

BARCELONA- CASA BATLLO - MODERNIST BUILDING DESIGNED BY GAUDI

2014-09-27T10:16:00.003-07:00

A residential, terraced building designed by Antonio Gaudi in centre of Barcelona is one of the brightest and vibrant point on Passeig de Gracia street.
The building is a great example of a Modernism style /Art nouveu style in architecture.

PISA-LEANING TOWER OF PISA-PIAZZA DEI MIRACORI-TUSCANY-ITALY

2014-01-25T07:21:00.001-08:00

The leaning tower of Pisa is a campanile ( free standing bell tower) located in Piazza del Duomo also known as Piazza dei Miracori - the cathedral square.

Together with the Cathedral and Baptistery they form a cathedral complex which was was funded in XI-th century. This arrangement of group of sacral buildings was very typical for the Romanesque architecture of Italy, but only here the ingenious design and artistry of the workmanship achieved a great lightness and delicacy of early medieval structures - despite the fact some of them crooked.

The square is surrounded by also medieval wall.
.....and yes we did this funny posture ( supporting the tower) posing for the photo but we're not going to publish it ;-)

Should you like to find out more, please see the link below:
http://www.architectureppf.com/ppf/author.aspx

WIELICZKA - LESSER POLAND - POPE ST CLEMENT'S CHURCH

2013-01-06T07:01:00.001-08:00

This Roman - Catholic church was built in XIX century in neo - baroque style.

There are still some remainings of the previous temple on site, which are foundations, part of the presbytery walls with butresses, the chapel of Morsztyn family form mid XVII century with stuccoes by Baltasar Fontanaand the bell tower that was founded by the King John III Sobieski.

In 1888 the temple's front façade was re-built according to design

of architect Slawomir Odrzywolski.
The interior of the church is truly beautiful, full of golden stuccoes and religious paintings.

LONDON - OLIMPIA EXHIBITION CENTRE

2012-11-27T14:45:00.002-08:00

The Olimpia National Hall / Olimpia building formerly known as National Agricultural Hall is an exhibition centre located next to Earls Court in West Kensington.

The edifice was opened in XIX- th century and designed by Andrew Handyside of Derby.
The construction was designed of iron frame with a beautiful barell roof structure covered with glazing - the main interiour feature is the gallery at the first floor level.

Interesting Victorian style architecture in use until today.
See more pictures below:
http://www.eco.co.uk/venue/olympia-national-hall/19/152

OXFORD - ALL SOULS COLLEGE

2012-10-13T08:06:00.003-07:00

The building located in the heart of the University of Oxford on the corner of High Street and Catte St.

The edifice was built in 1438 and the wing facing the High Street is its oldest part.The smaller courtyard also remained mostly Gothic.

It has also a remained chapel built in the shape of an inverted T in the "perpendicular " Gothic style with a baroque chapel screen by Sir James Thornhill in 1716 replacing the one attributed to Christopher Wren.

Since its erection in 15th century the building has undergone few redevelopments .The authors of following developments and re-designs were:

*Dr George Clarke - built Warden's Lodgings in a classical Palladian style
*Nicholas Hawksmoor - created the Dining hall, further extenion of east - west axis of Chapel in his own idiosyncratic version of Gothic, refashioning of the northern end of college along with the creation of Radcliffe Square and its library.

Hawksmoor 's most recognized part of the rebuilding the college was North Quadrangle with large stained glass pointed windows pinnacles, sun dial designed by Christopher Wren, and dominating twin towers.

OXFORD - SHELDONIAN THEATRE

2012-10-05T14:49:00.004-07:00

The building designed by Christopher Wren himself for University of Oxford.This half circular in plan building is used for music concerts , lectures and graduation and degree ceremonies.

Wide span of a D- shaped building was difficult to cover with a standard type of roof with timber rafters so the architect used for the first time the construction simillar to this of a timber truss today.

It is comonly known fact that designing the theatre Wren was inspired by the U-shaped Theatre of Marcellus in Rome and widely used neo-renaissance ( English Palladian style ) and genrally classical style subsequently influenced the architecture of other Oxford buildings.

The building is located next to the Bodleian Library and Radcliffe Camera.

OXFORD - RADCLIFFE SQUARE - RADCLIFFE CAMERA

2012-09-29T05:09:00.000-07:00

This intriguing circular building is the Radcliffe Camera located in Oxford centre - designed by James Gibbs in an English Palladian style and completed in 1749.

It is a private reading room for the nerby Bodleain Library.

Really attractive design with apparent classical influences makes it look simillar to italian buildings of renaissance.

LILLE - OLD TRAIN STATION - GARE DE LILLE FLANDRES

2012-09-28T12:55:00.001-07:00

This interesting building was built in 1869 -1892 by Leonce Reynaud and Sydney Dunnett.Its interesting front elevation is the old facade of Gare Du Nord from Paris which has been dismantled and reassembled in the end of XIX-th century.

The station is a main and definitely the most charming station of Lille.
If you like to find out more about the architecture of Lille , see our previous posts below:
LILLE - CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE TREILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-treille.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - PAROISSE DU SACRE COEUR - CHURCH OF SACRED HEART
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-paroisse-du-sacre-coeur.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - OPERA HOUSE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-opera-house-france.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - CITADEL OF LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/lille-citadel-of-lille-citadelle-de.html

LILLE - ST CATHERINES CHURCH -EGLISE SAINTE CATHERINE DE LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-st-catherines-church.html

LILLE - GARE DE LILLE EUROPE - INTERNATIONAL TRAIN STATION
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-gare-de-lille-europe.html

LILLE - GARE DE LILLE EUROPE - INTERNATIONAL TRAIN STATION

2012-09-22T06:14:00.001-07:00

The train station in Lille is a part of a bigger masterplan called EuraLille by Rem Koolhas together with his OMA and AREP practices.

The station designed in 1994 and built by Agence des Gares ( SNCF) is directed to the city centre and was intended to serve many functions: through station for TGV and Eurostar international travelers, the bridge, the tunel , offices and many retail units.

The building itself is a long three - level viewing terrace with glazed curtain envelope and covered with wavy metal structure roof- called the flying carpet.The key idea was to keep arrivals of train as transparent as possible in order to make it memmorable event.

The adjoining complex of office buildings and business centre with very characteristic shoe like building was designed by Rem Koolhas himself.

If you like to find out more about the architecture of Lille , see our previous posts below:

LILLE - CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE TREILLE http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-treille.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - PAROISSE DU SACRE COEUR - CHURCH OF SACRED HEARThttp://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-paroisse-du-sacre-coeur.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - OPERA HOUSEhttp://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-opera-house-france.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - CITADEL OF LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/lille-citadel-of-lille-citadelle-de.html

LILLE - ST CATHERINES CHURCH -EGLISE SAINTE CATHERINE DE LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-st-catherines-churc.html

LILLE - ST CATHERINE'S CHURCH

2012-09-15T03:59:00.002-07:00

Eglise Sainte - catherine de Lille - The construction of church started in 1485 and finished in 1727.

The church was originaly designed to be in a gothic flamboyant style and is one of the oldest temples in Lille.

It is a hall- church which means it has a quite rare plan with three naves covered with three separated pitched roofs .

Extraordinary structure with a great history and original character thanks to its vertical front tower that makes building even more unusual in this type of churches.

If you like to find out more about the architecture of Lille , see our previous posts below:

LILLE - CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE TREILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-treille.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - PAROISSE DU SACRE COEUR - CHURCH OF SACRED HEART
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-paroisse-du-sacre-coeur.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - OPERA HOUSE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-opera-house-france.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - CITADEL OF LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/lille-citadel-of-lille-citadelle-de.html

LILLE - THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE TREILLE

2012-09-14T15:09:00.000-07:00

The cathedral's construction begun in 1854 but the building works were finished as late as in 1999 .

The building was built in a gothic - revival / neo - gothic style and is a very controversial structure as its design evolved from mentioned earlier neo - gothic to a contemporary look .

The front elevation designed by architect Pierre Louis Carlier is nothing like the side elevations, rear and the plan of the temple.

It has an enormous size pointed - neo- gothic arch - of unnatural scale made of a waterproof fabric streched over a steel structure looking like a scaffolding.

The side of the front elevation is cladded with a grey stone - to put it very politely; it is not the best design to my and others opinion.Probably, the only thing worth of seing there are the side and rear elevation in a neo gothic style, the arrangement of interiors and a fantastic play of light going throgh stained glass windows and half opaque front elevation feature.
Any comments are warm welcomed.

If you like to find out more about the architecture of Lille , see our previous posts below:

LILLE - PAROISSE DU SACRE COEUR - CHURCH OF SACRED HEART
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-paroisse-du-sacre-coeur.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - OPERA HOUSE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-opera-house-france.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - ST CATHERINES CHURCH -EGLISE SAINTE CATHERINE DE LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-st-catherines-church.html

LILLE - CITADEL OF LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/lille-citadel-of-lille-citadelle-de.html

LILLE - PAROISSE DU SACRE COEUR

2012-09-13T16:35:00.002-07:00

The Roman Catholic church of Sacred heart in Lille is located at the junction of Rue de Solferino and Rue Nationale .

It was built in Neo - Gothic style in 1875 and 1898 by Jules Batigny .As most Gotic and Neo -Ghotic churches it on a cross plan with shallow transept - nave , long presbytery, and small additional chapels to each side of it .It has a barrel vaults with ribs,beautiful stained glass windows with stone surrounds, tracery and subdividing moulions.

The churche's main entrance is subdivided to two openings by reach stne reliefs and create a typical gothic protico.The internal nave is pretty tall and perfectly reflects the original gothic style.

If you like to find out more about the architecture of Lille , see our previous posts below:

LILLE - CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE TREILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-treille.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - OPERA HOUSE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-opera-house-france.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - CITADEL OF LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/lille-citadel-of-lille-citadelle-de.html

LILLE - ST CATHERINES CHURCH -EGLISE SAINTE CATHERINE DE LILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-st-catherines-church.html

LILLE - OPERA HOUSE - FRANCE

2012-09-11T15:28:00.000-07:00

The building is a theater style neo - classical opera house.It was built in Belle Epoque period in 1907 - 1913 , and designed by Louis Cordonnier

.The front elevation is subdivided by the neo-doric columns and central part features arched windows and many interesting statues and a very characteristic fluted pediment.

Entire building seats on the row of steps that emphasize the bulk of the edifice.
If you like to find out more about the architecture of Lille , see our previous posts below:

LILLE - CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME DE TREILLE
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-treille.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - PAROISSE DU SACRE COEUR - CHURCH OF SACRED HEARhttp://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-paroisse-du-sacre-coeur.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/QSwUL+(ARCHITECTURE++OF+EUROPE)

LILLE - CITADEL OF LILL
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/lille-citadel-of-lille-citadelle-de.html

LILLE - ST CATHERINES CHURCH -EGLISE SAINTE CATHERINE DE LILLhttp://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/lille-st-catherines-church.html

POGWIZDOW - WOOD LOG CONSTRUCTION CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND

2012-09-08T03:23:00.003-07:00

A parish church of St. Simon and St. Jude Thaddeus in Pogwizdow , Lesser Poland.

Built on the turn of XV and XVI century in a baroque style church has a wood log construction and is cladded with vertical timber.

That is a shame that they cladded it, as the wood log construction is much more attractive than just a usual cladding. It used to be covered with wood shingles but now the roof is lined with metal sheeting, which has again less charm than the original.

It has a single nave with a prezbytery ended polygonaly.Interior has a flat panelled ceiling and three original baroque oltars form 2-nd half of XVII and XVIII century.

The church is being renovated at the moment,.

See also our other posts on timber churches in Poland:

CHRONOW - WOOD LOG CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/chronow-timber-frame-construction.html

ORAWKA - ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/orawka-roman-catholic-church-in-lesser.html

LIPNICA MUROWANA - XV-TH CENTURY CHURCH - POLAND

http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/lipnica-murowana-xv-th-century-gothic.html

RAJBROT - TIMBER LOG CONSTRUCTION CHURCH - POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/rajbrot-timber-log-construction-church.html

CHRONOW - TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND

2012-09-06T13:49:00.001-07:00

A parish church of Holy Spirit in Chronow, Lesser Poland.
It was built in XVII century in a baroque style, cladded with vertical timber boards and a pitched roof covered with a wood shingles .The most interesting architectural elements are the two sophisticated ( baroque style) towers on the top of the roof.

The church has been recently refreshed and has an interesting history, its external look was being changed in the past but the general structure stayed the same.See also links below were you can see how the church has been modified :

http://www.tarnowskiekoscioly.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=321:chronow-kocio-w-ducha&catid=1:kocioy&Itemid=6

http://free.of.pl/i/ib/txtcms/?id=chronowp

http://www.chronow.katolicki.eu/historia.html

http://krodo.pl/atrakcja/szczegoly/4393/Kosciol_Pw__Ducha_Swietego_W_Chronowie

http://www.tarnowskiekoscioly.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=321:chronow-kocio-w-ducha&catid=1:kocioy&Itemid=6

If you would like to find out more about timber log construction churches in Poland see my other posts below:

ORAWKA - ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/orawka-roman-catholic-church-in-lesser.html

LIPNICA MUROWANA - XV-TH CENTURY CHURCH - POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/lipnica-murowana-xv-th-century-gothic.html

RAJBROT - TIMBER LOG CONSTRUCTION CHURCH - POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/rajbrot-timber-log-construction-church.html

RAJBROT - TIMBER LOG CONSTRUCTION CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND

2012-09-01T07:30:00.004-07:00

A parish church of St. Mary's Immaculate Conception in Rajbrot Lesser Poland.

It was built in 1511 , has a timber log construction cladded with vertical timber boards and a pitched roof
covered with a wood shingles and a centrally located little signature- bell tower in a baroque style.

The church is a one nave temple and has a partly retained original interiour design with a late gothic pulpit, and XVII century organ.Outside the church there is a detached large timber structure bell tower and a charming garden.

Click below to see some good pictures of the interiors.
http://www.rajbrot.ovh.org/galeria.html
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plik:Kosciol_Rajbrot.JPG
http://www.drewniana.malopolska.pl/Obiekt.aspx?id=39

For panoramic views see here:
http://drewnianamalopolska.spacerem.pl/drewniane-koscioly/koscioly/rajbrot-kosciol-narodzenia-nmp.html

If you would like to find out more about timber log construction churches in Poland see my other posts below:

ORAWKA - ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN LESSER POLAND
http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/orawka-roman-catholic-church-in-lesser.html

LIPNICA MUROWANA - XV-TH CENTURY CHURCH -POLAND http://architectureofeurope.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/lipnica-murowana-xv-th-century-gothic.html

REGIONAL STYLE HOUSE - LIPNICA MUROWANA - LESSER POLAND

2012-08-29T05:33:00.001-07:00

Another one of older typical houses in town from early XIX century, made of timber construction but with stone and brick plinth.

I am presenting it only because I would like to highlight that this is what the contemporary regional architecture of Lipnica should draw from.Such a usuall house but with so nice proportions and fits in rather good within the surrounding buildings of town.

ST FLORIAN STATUE - LIPNICA MUROWANA - LESSER POLAND

2012-08-27T13:55:00.003-07:00

Continuing the story about little village Lipnica Murowana I would like to present the charming statue of St.Florian which was erected in the XIX century after a great fire in town - this was to commemorate that dramatic fact.

In my opinion it is a piece of a lovely landscape architecture that contributes to the character of the place.

LIPNICA MUROWANA - MANOR HOUSE OF BZOWSKI FAMILY

2012-08-26T07:57:00.000-07:00

A neo- classical manor house in Lipnica Murowana bulit in early XIX -th century by noble man ( Kazimierz) Kasimirus Bzowski.

It is a rendered, two storey building with a central two storey nish and a balustraded balcony over arcaded entrance porch with four columns.House is covered with a rather shallow four pitched roof with slate.The building was erected in a style reminding of the french suburban or countryside mansions' style of the XIX century.

At the foront od the house you can see the stone lions which remained from the entrance gate pierce of the non existing front wall.The building is located centrally to the market square at the other end of the street.

It is proved that blessed Mary Theresa and Ursula Ledochowski lived there.

LIPNICA MUROWANA - ST.SIMON'S BAROQUE CHURCH

2012-08-07T15:06:00.000-07:00

St.Simon's church in Lipnica Murowana in Lesser Poland is a roman catholic temple founded by duke Stanislaus Lubomirski.

The building of the church was commenced in 1636- and it was designed in baroque style.

Locations of the building site was the place were St.Simon had lived .The edifice is a rectangular , single nave building with a subtle transept before presbytery and polygonal end of the oltar.

The original decoration of interior did not survice and the current intrior design is from XIX century in a rococo style.

This is a lovely little temple that draws a special attention of the villagers.

MARKET SQUARE AND OTHER BUILDINGS OF LIPNICA MUROWANA -

2012-08-05T04:46:00.004-07:00

Vast rectangular square is a centre of Lipnica Murowana in Lesser Poland and together with the st.Leonard's -wood log construction church is considered to be the most precious historic architecture.

The houses located around the public square mostly face the square with its gable walls and arcaded galeries supported by the woden columns.The characteristic styl of the Lipnica Murowana houses is very similar to those in New Wisnicz

Unfortunately only few of them were kept untouched without any modifications.

Some of the hosues are also quite new but kept the character of the traditional building in the area.

In the middle of the square there is a sculpture of st.Simon founded in 1913, placed on the column and plinth, looking down on his beloved land.

ST ANDREW'S CHURCH IN LIPNICA MUROWANA- POLAND

2012-08-04T02:22:00.001-07:00

The St Andrew's church in Lipnica Murowana was founded by the polish king Casimir III the great -Kazimierz Wielki in 1364 and replaced the existing wooden church already on site.It was digested by fire several timesin 1500, 1655, 1740 and 1824 when the gothic vault collapsed.

This masonry gothic church was built of stone and rendered.Single nave, with the presbytery- choirdesigned in half hexagon shape, with chapel next to the nave to the North and with two other chapels and porch to the South and tall bell tower to the north.

The church is supporter externaly with the flying buttresses along the nave.Internally the church was decorated with the falt ceilings and a barell vault in sacristy.

The the duo pitched roof of the temple was covered with the metal sheeting and had a little signature bell - tower.It had the neo - baroque oltar dated from XVIII-XIX , two baptismal fonts, and a gothic crucifix from 1 half of XVI century.

LIPNICA MUROWANA - XV-TH CENTURY CHURCH -POLAND

2012-07-19T14:02:00.001-07:00

This intriguing roman - catholic church is located in lesser poland in a little town called Lipnica Murowana, and is of solid wood log construction.

The temple is included in a unesco world heritage list, wooden architecture of Poland - list and consists of a nave and presbytery sharing one roof covered with wood shingles.

The wood shingles also covers the side external walkway/gallery and walls below them.- excluding the west side with is cladded with wood boards.Very characteristic architectural element for simple churches like these were little bell towers at the top of roof. - here,covered with shingles.as well.

There are three copies of original gothic oltars in the church and a fantastic paintings of the walls and ceiling from the period.The surrounding graveyard ads the element of romantism and magic.

DUBLIN - DUBLIN CASTLE

2012-06-30T15:20:00.003-07:00

Castle located off Dame Street was founded in 12-th century by a

Cambro-Norman nobleman Meiler Fitzherny who was illegitimate son of King Henry I by Nest- daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, the last king of Deheubarth( South Wales).

In 1204 some time after Norman invasion of Ireland, Meiler Fitzeherny was instructed by King John of England to erect the castle of typical Norman courtyard design ( Romanesque style developed by Normans) The building was raised for administration and defensive purposes and formed a corner part of defensive city walls surrounded with moat artificially floaded with River Poddle.

Since XII -th century Dublin Castle has been a constantly developing architectural entity up to the present day.

In 1224 the castle was credited a chapel and next major redesign was made in baroque style by Surveyor General Sir William Robinson in 1688 - when he proposed

ground floor arcades and the steep dormered roofline.( simillar to his Royal Hospital Kilmainham)

Later some further additions were designed to create a lower yard for administration and in eightinth century as Georgian streetscape of Dublin was being developed, the upper yard of castle was also developed by Sir Edward Lovett Pearce using the basic design inherited from Sit William Robinson, then the erection of State Apartments followed - which can be seen from the rear side, painted in bright colours, reminding the lego blocks.

Another extensions that followed those developments were designed by Francis Johnston the main vehicular entrance called Ship street entrance,the Chapel Royal -also called Church of the Most Holly Trinity, built in XIX-th century in neo- gothic style( building adjoining the powder tower with the crenelation) , and Chester Beatty Library, and later designed by Jacob Owen carriage block in neo gothic style and neo classical carriage office.

The last extention of this incredibly complex but unite hybrid is conference centre built in 20-th century and also the modernisation of the library.

KRAKOW - JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, COLLEGIUM NOVUM

2012-06-24T16:07:00.001-07:00

Presented building is called Collegium Novum and remains the main headquarter of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow.

It was designed by polish architect Feliks Ksiezarski and built in 1883-1887 .The building was located on Golebia Street and its elevations were supposed to remind the Akademisches Gymnasium in Vienna or Kreuzschule in Dresden.

The building is rectangular in plan, with two small internall courtyars separated with a monumental staircase.To create thye ceiling architect used a cristal vaults supported by slender, granite columns.

One of the most interesting rooms is first floor assembly hall with a paneled ceiling and neogothic fitout designed by Tadeusz Stryjenski and decorated with painted masterpices by Jan Matejko - including his painting "Copernicus ".

Three and two storey front elevation is split to five parts .The central widest element of elevation has five pointed neo gothic arches and the windows at the first floor level are double height.

Entire facade is decorated with standard neo gothic architectural elements like curved cornices, stone window and door surrounds, architraves, flying butresses , pinacles and copper pitched roof .