Ayurveda & Kerala

Ayurvedic care and cure (Women Health)

2010-09-24T10:54:00.000-07:00

Ayurveda meaning 'science of life,' is a traditional branch of medicine belonging to India. The ayurvedic therapies are so effective that it has become popular all over the world as alternative medicine. According to Ayurveda, the five great elements or “Panchatatva”- earth, water, fire, air and space- compose the Universe, not forgetting the human body. It says that human body is made of three main constituents-Dosha Dhatu Mala. Doshas- “vata” or wind/spirit/air; “pitta” or bile; and “kapha” or phlegm- are principles that control all physical activities. Dhatus are main physical constituents that maintains physical condition of human body. Mala, the waste products, are to be excreted out of the body.

SHAHNAZ HUSAIN

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Women Health : When women's health refers to the well being of any female besides being healthy physically. In fact the ayurvedic definition of health i.e. physical, mental and spiritual well being holds true for females.

Herbs for Treating Menstrual Problems

Asafetida increases the secretion of progesterone, the female hormone, facilitating smooth menstruation. It should be fried in ghee and mixed with goat’s milk and a spoonful of honey. Having this mixture for about a month reduces pain during menses.

Henna has a very cooling effect. The suppositories of its leaves are placed in the vagina of the women who have problem of excessive flow during menstruation.

Ginger is very effective for cold climates. The lower temperatures often cause painful and irregular menses. Ginger is infused with sugar and this preparation is administered to the women experiencing difficult menstruation.

Aloe Vera is known to be a good stimulant of uterus. As such, it is often administered to the women experiencing painful menstruation.

Valerian or Valeriana Wallichii is used for stimulation of menstrual blood flow apart from being used for treating many other diseases.

If a woman experiences congestive pain during her menstrual cycle, she can get relief by taking castor oil before her periods are due.

Many women suffer due to heavy menstruation. They can take ashwagandha tonic for reducing heavy flow during menstruation.

The tonic liquorice is also useful for reducing heavy flow during menstruation.

Ayurvedic Tips for Breast Enlargement

Breasts consist of fat globules and fibrous tissues with no muscular tissues. Pectoral muscles keep them firmly held between the rib cage. If your muscles are in good shape then you will have good cleavage and lift.

There are various herbs in ayurveda that promotes the breast enlargement and make these proportionate to your body.

• Massage your breast with Til or sesame oil that is made from the sesame seeds. Sesame oil is rich in calcium, iron, phosphorous and protein. It can also be included in daily diet. You can also massage your breast with proper ayurvedic cream. This will result in more softer and supple breasts. You can massage your breast twice a day to get better result. It is slow but safe method. While massaging do not apply too much pressure as this can harm you more than giving benefits. Better to hire the services of professional breast masseurs.

• Eat food such as chicken head soup and carrot that are rich in estrogen. This will help you to have natural breast enlargement.
• Eat maximum green vegetables and home cooked food

• Drink lots of water

Home Remedies for Natural Breast Enlargement
• Fenugreek is an herbs that is associated with breast enlargement. It can also be taken to increase the amount of milk in lactating mother. The chemical constituent in fenugreek stimulate the breast enlarging harmones leading to size growth.

• Lady's mantle (Botanical neme: Alchemilla vulgaris is a highly effective herb for breast enlargement. Consumption of Lady's mantle increases the blood circulation in local tissues through its astringent properties. With this the fat deposits increases. This in turn results in the enlargement of breast. Also the sagging or breast is greatly reduced leading to very attractive and proportionate breasts.

• Radish has astringent properties that enhances the blood supply to the local tissue. Its intake leads to the balanced distribution of fat in the body

• Consume fennel seeds as these act like estrogen dose in the body. These are also given to the breastfeeding mother in increase the amount of milk. Also fennel helps in regularizing the menstruation. Most of the breast enlarging pills contain fennel.

• Soy or soya bean that is also called Glycine soja is rich source vegetarian protein. Consume this for better result.

• One must incorporate a slice of papaya every day in the diet as it is rich in cancer fighting lycopene. Also some studies have found that it halts breast cancer. Also eating papaya after a meal helps in digestion, and prevents bloating, gas production, and indigestion.

• Tricticum vulgare is a popular wheat germ oil that regulates blood supply to the breast making it more fuller in appearance. Tricticum vulagre also helps in having the soft and supple skin around the breast.

Exercises for Natural Breast Enlargement
Some special chest exercises can help you to increase the size of the breasts. With exercise there is not change in the fat of the breast from which these are made but with exercise the pectoral muscles that hold the breast can improve.

Reduce Weight by Natural Ways

The chief cause of obesity or overweight is often overeating, irregular eating habits and not following the rules of eating such as improper mixing of food items in one meal.

In ayurveda, Charak Samhita describes eight different types of bodies that are disease prone. Out of these, the obese body is described as the one afflicted with the most diseases and troubles. Obesity is the condition or physical state of the body when excessive deposition of fat takes place in the adipose tissue.

Extra fat puts a strain on the heart, kidneys, liver and the joints such as the hips, knees and ankles and thus, overweight people are susceptible to several diseases like coronary thrombosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis, gout, liver and gall bladder disorders.

To decrease weight and get rid of obesity three things must be kept in mind:
• Controlling eating habits.
• Regular exercise.
• Avoiding the causes of weight gain

Diet recommended to lose weight
Early morning :Juice of half a lemon mixed in a glass of warm water and a teaspoon of honey.
Breakfast :Wheat or Mung bean sprouts and a cup of skimmed milk.
Midmorning : glass of orange, pineapple or carrot juice.

Lunch
• Salad of raw vegetables such as carrot, beet, cucumber, cabbage, tomatoes. Steamed or boiled vegetables
• Whole grain bread or whole wheat chapatis (Indian bread) and a glass of buttermilk.
• Roasted cumin seeds, green coriander leaves, a little salt and some grated ginger mixed in the buttermilk.

Mid-afternoon
• Coconut water
• Dry fruits
• Lemon tea
• Fresh vegetable soup

Dinner
• Whole grain bread or chapatis
• Steamed vegetables
• Seasonal fruits except banana and apple.

Home Remedies for Losing Weight

• Increase the quantity of fruits and vegetables and low calorie foods.

• Avoid intake of too much salt as it may be a factor for increasing body weight.

• Milk products like cheese, butter etc. and non-vegetarian foods should be avoided as they are rich in fat.

• Mint is very beneficial in losing weight. A chutney of green mint with some simple spices can be taken with meals. Mint tea also helps.

• Spices like dry ginger, cinnamon, black pepper etc. are good for loosing weight and can be used in a number of ways.

• Regular intake of carrot juice.

• Avoid rice and potato, which contain a lot of carbohydrates. Among cereals wheat is good.

• Vegetables like bitter gourd (Karela), and bitter variety of drumstick are useful in loosing weight.

• Honey is an excellent home remedy for obesity. It mobilizes the extra deposited fat in the body allowing it to be utilized as energy for normal functions.

Dosage: One should start with small quantity of about 10 grams or a tablespoon, taken with hot water early in the morning. A teaspoonful of fresh lemon juice may also be added.

Fasting on honey and lime- juice is highly beneficial in the treatment of obesity without the loss of energy and appetite. For this, mix one teaspoon of fresh honey with the juice of half a lime in a glass of lukewarm water.

Dosage: Take several times a day at regular intervals.

• Raw or cooked cabbage inhibits the conversion of sugar and other carbohydrates into fat. Hence, it is of great value in weight reduction.

• Exercise is an important part of any weight reduction plan. It helps to use up calories stored in body as fat.

• Walking is the best exercise to begin with and may be followed by running, swimming or rowing.

• The gum of Commiphora Mukul called 'guggulu' is the drug of choice for the treatment of obesity.

Preparation of Home Remedies
According to ayurveda home remedies are prepared in the same way and with the same purpose as other ayurvedic medicines. The main aim is to obtain the maximum therapeutic benefit while making it palatable.

Some common methods of preparing home remedies are:

• Juice
The juice may be taken from the fresh leaves, flowers or stems of the herb. The part of the herb used should be crushed or ground in a mortar and pestle, to make a paste. This paste should be put in a piece of cloth and squeezed to take out the juice.
Dosage: One to two tablespoons twice a day.

• Powder
Dried herbs are used for powders. The herbs are usually dried in a cool, shady and well-ventilated place, although some herbs are dried in direct sunlight. The herbs are then ground into a fine powder and stored in a dry, airtight bottle. The powder may be taken with water, or if specified, with milk or honey.
Dosage: Half to one teaspoon twice a day

• Decoction
A decoction is prepared by boiling the herb in water (ratio: 1 part herb to 16 parts water). The herbs are broken into pieces and soaked in water overnight. This mixture is then boiled until it reduces to one quarter of the original volume. It is then filtered and stored in a glass bottle.
Dosage: One to two tablespoons twice a day.

• Infusion
Herbs are soaked in water to make an infusion (ratio: 1 part herb to 8 parts water). Hot infusions result from adding herbs to hot water, or gently heating but not boiling the mixture. This is strained and taken internally. Herbal teas are forms of hot infusions. Cold infusions are made from soaking the herb overnight. Honey can be added.
Dosage: half to one cup once or twice day.

• Paste
A paste can be made from either fresh or dried herbs. The flowers, roots, stems, leaves or bark are ground and mixed with water. Pastes are mainly used for external application, in cases of cuts, burns and swellings. The paste should be thick enough to be applied in a layer to the skin.

• Tablets
The herbs should be first dried separately and then mixed together in a powder form, in fixed proportions. Water or herbal juice can be added to this powder to make a paste, from which tablets of a specific size or weight are made. Tablets remain potent longer than juices, powders, pastes or decoctions.
Dosage: 1 or 2 tablets twice a day.

• Medicated ghee and oil
Ghee is cooked with herbal juices, decoctions or pastes. The ghee should be heated with the herbal mixture at a moderate, controlled temperature. High temperatures can easily burn the ghee or oil, destroying its effectiveness. Medicated ghee and oils are either used internally or massaged externally.
Dosage: Half to one tablespoon.

Treatment for Anti Aging

Massage face with clarified butter (ghee), almond oil or coconut oil before going to bed. An oil massage is the best remedy for dry skin. Almond and coconut oil are best Ayurvedic remedies for aging skin as they improve complexions, reduce fine lines and wrinkles apart from curing crow's feet. For better absorption, anti-aging oil massages should be done at night.

• Ghee or clarified butter contains vitamin E, beta-carotene, and antioxidants that prevent cell damage and fight free radicals. Rub ghee all over your body to get it absorbed in the skin. The best way to get benefits of ghee is to include it in your daily diet. Mix 1-2 teaspoons of ghee while cooking vegetables, dals etc.

• Apply fresh Aloe Vera juice to the skin. If you can't get fresh aloe vera, get aloe vera gel from health care shops.

• There are many benefits of honey, one being its anti aging property. Take 1/2 tablespoon of honey and mix it with 1-2 tablespoon of rose water. Apply this mixture on face, neck, and other dry skin area. Leave it for about 15-20 minutes. Now wash it off with tepid water. Honey moisturizes and soothes dry skin. This mixture will clean your skin and tone it to give you a glowing complexion with wrinkle free skin.

• Take one teaspoon each of egg yolk and honey, and 1-2 teaspoon milk powder. Mix them well to make a smooth paste. Apply this paste on face, neck and other dry skin area. Leave it for 10-15 minutes and then wash with cold water.

• Mix one egg yolk, 1 teaspoon each of honey, olive oil and vitamin E oil to make an anti aging lotion to be used as moisturizing facial mask. Apply it to face and other areas and leave for 15 minutes. Then wash it off with lukewarm water.

• Avoid too much of sun exposure as it is one of the main causes of wrinkles. Use umbrella, scarves or any other protective cover when going out in sun.

• Quit smoking Cigarette smoke ages skin by releasing an enzyme that breaks down elastin and collagen- vital components of skin.

• Get adequate sleep. Sleeping position is also important. Try to sleep on your back, as it prevents wrinkle formation. Sleeping on sides may cause wrinkles on chin and cheek and sleeping with face-down will result in furrowed brow.

• Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. They have anti-oxidants that help fight damage caused by free radicals. They keep skin younger and radiant.

• Drink lots of water during the day to provide optimum supply of moisture to the skin.

• Do not over-wash your face. Washing face too often removes skin off its natural barrier oils and moisture that protect against wrinkles.

• Basil herb or Ocimum Sanctum (tulsi) has effective anti-aging and anti-oxidant properties. Follow the traditional Ayurvedic method of boiling fresh tulsi leaves and water until the water reduces to half. Then drink the resulting water. The other ayurvedic way of having basil leaves is to eat the crushed herb when it cools.

• Switch to green tea. Green tea has anti-inflammatory, anti-ageing, and healing effects on skin which helps in skin rejuvenation.

Hair Care Tips

Regularly cleaning and brushing the hair is very important. When the hairs are brushed, oil-producing glands in the scalp get stimulated. This natural oil makes the hair glossy and healthy. To give extra shine to the hair, after washing rinse the hair with some lemon juice mixed in a cup of warm water.

Some common Hair Problems:

Dandruff
Dry skin flaking off the scalp and itchiness is referred to as dandruff. The aggravation of Vata generally causes this dryness.
Home Remedies for Dandruff
• Add 1 teaspoon of camphor to half a cup of coconut or neem oil. Store it in glass container. Dosage: Massage this oil into the scalp before bed.
• Mix 1 teaspoon of castor, mustard and coconut oil each and massage into the scalp.
• Mix one part of lemon juice with two parts of coconut oil. Massage into the roots of the hair regularly.
Dosage: Wash with warm water after three to four hours or leave overnight.

Hair Loss / Balding
when the amount of hair lost grows higher than the normal hair fall that takes place due to the change in environment, increasing age or growth of new hairs, it is referred to as hair loss problem that needs special care. Improper or poor diet, exposure to a lot of chemicals or cosmetics, hormonal imbalance, stress, anxiety and mental tension are some causes of hair loss.
Home Remedies For Hair Loss
• Massage the scalp gently with coconut or almond oil daily for 10 to 15 minutes.
• Boil neem leaves in water. Cool, strain and rinse hair with it.
• Increase green leafy vegetables, salads, milk, fruits and sprouts in the diet. Take more proteins, milk, buttermilk, yeast, wheat germ, soya beans, whole grains and nuts.

Premature Graying of Hair
Graying of hair is a natural process that happens with increasing age, but if the hair starts graying before the age of 35, it is termed as premature graying that occurs due to the aggravation of Pitta dosha. Excessive intake of tea, coffee, alcohol, meat, fried, oily, greasy, spicy, sour, and acidic foods increases pitta and leads to graying prematurely.

Home Remedies for Premature Graying of Hairs
• Apply a paste made from 2-Tsp. henna powder, 1-tsp. curd, 1-tsp. fenugreek seed powder, 1 tbsp. coffee, 2-tbsp. mint juice and 2-tbsp. basil juice. Apply this paste to the hair for two hours. For a darker color, leave this paste in for 3 to 4 hours. Wash hair with any natural shampoo.
• Grate some fresh ginger. Mix with honey and place it in a jar. Eat 1 tea spoon everyday.

Itchy Scalp
Aggravation of Pitta dosha, stress, allergic reaction to shampoo, air conditioning, pollution and central heating lead to an itchy and red scalp, with tiny pimples or sores, dull and dry hair.
Home Remedies for Itchy Scalp
• Add 1 teaspoon of camphor to half a cup of coconut oil and store it in glass container.
Dosage: Massage this oil into the scalp before bed.

Grind some jasmine roots with lime juice. Wash the hair and scalp with it. The causes for these hair conditions are as follows:
• Excess of Pitta dosha in the body is the chief cause of hair problems.
• Excessive intake of tea, coffee, alcohol, meats and excessive smoking.
• Eating too much fried, oily, greasy, spicy, sour and acidic foods.
• Intake of too many chemical medicines, low blood circulation, anemia, general weakness after disease, stress, anxiety and mental tension.
• Chronic diseases like typhoid fever, presence of dandruff or lice and hormonal imbalance.

Hair Treatment
• Use natural shampoo or soap to clean the hair.
• Use amla (embilica officinalis), Shikakai (Acacia concinna) for washing the hair.
• Enhance oiling and massaging of scalp.
• Use coconut oil or mustard oil at least three times in a week.
• Use medicated oils like 'Mahabhringraj oil', 'Amala oil' and 'Arnica oil'. Put oil on the scalp and massage gently in the roots of the hair.
• Maintain a regular bowel movement everyday.
• The diet should contain more green leafy vegetables, salads, milk, fruits and sprouts. Take more proteins, milk, buttermilk, yeast, wheat germ, soybean and vitamin A.
• Do regular physical exercise.
• A special Ayurvedic preparation made from Bhringraj (Eclipta elba), Amala, corals, iron and black sesame seeds is very useful and even stops the graying of hair.
• Rub the scalp vigorously after washing the hair. It increases the blood circulation, and activates the sebaceous glands.
• A mixture of lettuce and spinach juice is good to drink to induce hair growth. The juice of alfalfa mixed with that of carrot, and lettuce juice is also good to take.
• Daily application of coconut oil mixed with lime- juice on the hair is also beneficial. Applying juice of green coriander leaves on the head is also good.
• Washing the hair with a paste of cooked Urad dal (black beans) and fenugreek (methi) 2-3 times a week.
• A paste of licorice made by grinding it in milk can be applied in the bald patches. It induces hair growth. A paste of seeds of lemon and black pepper may also be applied on the bald patches.

Ayurvedic Tips For Normal Delivery
As per ayurveda different food habits and treatments are required every month for a normal delivery. According to ayurveda there are nine varied groups of medicines and herbs for each month.

High blood pressure is the most common of all these issues. Along with this diabetes, vomiting, hyperacidity, premature birth etc can also be seen. The effect vary from person to person. These problems can be treated with ayurveda.

• Walking is the best of all for a normal delivery. You should start walking as soon as you feel the first sign of labor. Doctors even recommend walking through out the labour pain.

• From seven months onwards you can take the milk with garlic paste. For this boil the garlic paste in milk and consume it.

• From nine months onwards for normal delivery take the drink made from roasted anise seed and water. To make this drink boil roasted anise seed in water and drink it.

• Have pomegranate juice daily as it ameliorates the blood cells of both baby and mother. With this juice your baby will also have the fair complexion.

• Take warm water bath before going to bed. This will relax your body from all kinds of stress and strains.

• On the commencement of delivery pains eat a spoon full of honey. Also make the paste of honey and black cumin powder and spread it over your stomach for normal deliver as per ayurveda.

• For good lactation after delivery take fenugreek - 1/4 tablespoon, 1/2 cup raw rice, 5 garlic pieces. Steam all the ingredients well and smash it. Consume it with enough water. This should be done 7th month onwards

* Any ayurveda tip for normal delivery must be done after due consultation with your doctor or ayurvedic specialist.

Some Herbs and Other Ayurvedic Tips for Normal Delivery
• Harmone such as oxytocin and prostaglandins stimulate labor. Rubbing your nipples at the commencement of labour increases oxytocin that causes the uterus to contract. Also with this harmone intensity of the contractions increases. But you must consult your doctor before this as it affects very quickly.

• Prostaglandins harmone comes from the male semen. So if the intercourse is done at the time of labor then the intensity of labor will increase but doctors do not recommend this quiet often.

• Evening primrose oil (ayurveda herb) contains prostaglandins. Use of this oil will cause the cervix to ripen more easily and quickly.

• Also you can use the false unicorn root and red raspberry leaf in order to ripen the cervix.

But before using any herb and adopting method of ayurvedic for normal delivery consult your doctor.
There are also many herbs that are known to be effective in naturally inducing labor. Evening primrose oil contains prostaglandins and hence is effective in helping the cervix to ripen. False unicorn root, blue and black cohosh and red raspberry leaf are also well known herbs that are used in this regard. Again, you need to consult your doctor before using any of these herbs.

Kalaripayyat, Martial Art of Kerala

2010-09-24T09:59:00.000-07:00

Kerala's traditional martial art form teaches you how to floor an opponent with a feather - and then mend his injuries.

KALARIPPAYAT is the exclusive martial arts legacy of Kerala, taken to China by the Buddhist monks which became the fabled model for the modern martial arts. Kalarippayat encompasses an invigorationg Ayurvedic herbal treatment for chronic ailments like arthiritis and spondylosis, and a massaging regimen which repairs physiological damages and makes the body young and supple. The fracture treatment system, developed as a corollary of the rough and tumble world of martial arts, does away with the risk-ridden x-rays and hit-or-miss plaster-cast method.

The kalari tradition is at once a cultural experience too. The folk-lore of Kerala is woven around legendary exponents of kalarippayat and their exploits. The vocabulary of the rural people, especially of northern Kerala, is studded with kalarippayat jargon. It is a scientific and comprehensive system of training for the body and the mind with an elaborate repertoire of weapon training

Kalarippayat literally means 'acquired skill' of art. "Kalari" means school or arena, and "payat" is skill training, exercise or practice. It is the most comprehensive personal combat training shceme anywhere in the world. The training includes exercises to develop sharp reflexes for unarmed combat and techniques of combat using mace, spears, daggers and sword and shield. There is also a unique Kerala weapon- the lethal flexible sword, called the 'Urumi' which can be concealed as a waist belt.

Kalarippayat also includes the 'marma' treatment which identifies the vital nodal points(marmas) in the body (107 of them in all) for suitable pressing and nudging to correct muscular and neurological problems. The massaging may involve standing full length over the patient and applying pressure with the feet. The system is acknowledged superior to any other method of massage.

Treatment

It is a unique system of treatment, which is developed in connection with Kalaries in Kerala. The knowledge attained by the sages and yogies of ancient India, about the 107 vital points led to the development of this unique treatment method. It is also very effective for wounds, burses and fractures. The way of treatment with Herba and Herbal preparation can give instant relief. Massages or Uzhichil with specially prepared oils in an effective treatment for rheumatic complaints and nerval disorders

FEATURES OF KALARI MASSAGE

Balancing of Chakras: According to yoga science, Cakras are circular energy centres, which exist, in man’s subtle body.
Balancing of Sapthadhathu: Seven tissues of Human body like Plasma, Blood, Muscle, Fat, Bone, Bone marrow and semen.
Stimulation of Nadisuthra Points: Ayurvedic Acupressure
Stimulation of Marmam: Vital Points
Stimulation of footprints: Foot Reflexology
Awakening of Prana: Life – Energy
Awakening of Senses: Five senses of the body

THE MASSAGE

The Massaging may involve standing full length over the patient and applying pressure with the feet. This encompasses an invigorating Ayurvedic herbal treatment for chronic ailments like arthritis and spondylosis The system is acknowledged superior to any other method of massage.This Rejuvenation Massage, restores energy reserves of the body, reduces stress strain and fatigue, relieves body aches, improves complexion and skin texture and gives a healthy and euphoric feeling. The chronic illness due to back pain, spondylosis, rheumatism, arthritis etc. can be relieved with this treatment.

KIZHI

Kizhi, a cloth pouch filled with medicine, heated in boiled oil is applied on the body. The Kizhi is useful in removing swells and for the treatment of rheumatism, back pain etc. The Kizhi is available in accordance with the medicines used in it like Navarakkizhi, Elakkizhi, Podikkizhi, Manhakkizhi etc.

DHARA

Dhara is a method of treatment by pouring warm medicated oil on different parts of the body and head.
Dhara, is divided into three in accordance with the part of the body where the treatment is done.

"Moordhania Dhara" (Dhara done on head)
"Sarvanga Dhara" (on the whole body)

"Ekanga Dhara" (on any particular part of body)

Moordhania Dhara is a treatment for diseases of head, eye, nose, ear and face and also for some particular types of rheumatism.

Sarvanga Dhara gives relief from body ache, sprain etc. It is also done for body rejuvenation.

Ekanga Dhara is performed on particular parts of the body for body aches, sprains etc
The name of the Dhara is used according to the medicine used in it. 'Thakra Dhara' (using Butter milk), 'Ksheera Dhara' (using Milk) and 'Sneha Dhara' (using Ghee, Oils etc) are some of them.

PIZHICHIL

Major Banks in Kerala, India

2010-09-23T08:54:00.000-07:00

» Federal Bank : One of the top listed private bank in Kerala. It has played a pioneer role in developing and deploying new technology assisted customer friendly products and services. The bank has its head office at Aluva in Kerala. It has the largest number of ATMs in Kerala, taking round-the-clock banking convenience to even many rural areas

» State Bank of Travancore : State Bank of Travancore(SBT) is an associate of the State Bank of India and a member of the State Bank Group,the largest banking group in India. SBT is the premier bank in Kerala with 562 branches in Kerala. Internet Banking, E-Payments, Utility Bill Payments, Fee payments and E-Rail are some of the facilities available with the bank.

» Catholic Syrian Bank : Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd is a Kerala based bank. The bank was formed on 26th November 1920 at Thrissur. The bank has a network of 334 branches/extension counters.

» Ottapalam Co-operative Urban Bank

» Dhanalakshmi Bank : The Dhanalakshmi Bank Limited (DLB) is a professionally managed Bank. The DLB has 178 branches spread over Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal (Kolkata) and New Delhi. Head Office: Thrissur.

» The South Indian Bank : The South Indian Bank which has a tradition of over 77 years of public trust. Second largest network of branches amongst the old private sector banks - 450 branches and 45 Extension Counters spread over 19 States/UT.

» Manjeri Co-operative Urban Bank : Manjeri Co-operative Urban Bank is head quartered at Manjeri, a business city in Malappuram district. The head office of the bank is located in Manjeri town.

» Nedungadi Bank

» South Malabar Gramin Bank : South Malabar Gramin Bank sponsored by Canara Bank is one of the largest Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

»Muthoot Fincorp

Other Operators

State Bank of India (SBI)
ICICI Bank
HSBC Bank
HDFC Bank
Allahabad Bank
Andhra Bank
Bank of Baroda
Bank Of India
Bharat Overseas Bank
Canara Bank
Catholic Syrian Bank
Central Bank of India
Corporation Bank
Dena Bank
Dhanalakshmi Bank
Export/Import Bank Of India
Indian Bank
Indian Overseas Bank
Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Karur Vysya Bank
Punjab National Bank
Small Industries Development Bank of India
State Bank of Indore
State Bank of Mysore
State Bank of Saurashtra
Syndicate Bank
UCO Bank
UTI Bank

Major Mobile / Telephone Brands and Operators

2010-09-01T22:31:00.000-07:00

Nokia - http://www.nokia.co.in/
Bharti Airtel - http://www.airtel.in/
Reliance Communications - http://www.rcom.co.in/
Tata Teleservices - http://www.tatateleservices.com/
Idea Cellular - http://www.ideacellular.com/
BSNL - http://www.bsnl.in/

Some Useful Sites

2010-08-07T09:17:00.000-07:00

Kerala Public Service Commission http://www.keralapsc.org/
Thulasi Hills, Pattom Palace P.O.,
Thiruvananthapuram 695 004
Kerala

Tel:0471- 2447201, 0471- 2447201,0471-2447208, 0471-2447208
0471-2448165, 0471-2448165(Enquiry 8 AM to 6 PM)
Fax: 0471-2448988
E-mail: kpsc@keralapsc.org
grievancecell@keralapsc.org

Passport & Visa http://passport.nic.in/
Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation (SUPPLYCO) http://www.supplycokerala.com/
Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) http://www.kseb.in/

Kerala Tour

2010-07-21T07:40:00.000-07:00

Reaching Kerala

Kerala is a major tourist destination in India and is well connected with other parts of the country. Also being a popular destination in India and the world tourism map, Kerala is well accessible by air, rail and road.

Air: There are three airports in the state - Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode. Thiruvananthapuram (Capital of Kerala) is also an international airport, connecting the state to many places in India and the world.

Rail: There are around 200 railway stations in Kerala connecting most of the places in the state to places in the other parts of India and inside the state. Long-distance express trains connect important places in the state to places outside Kerala like Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata.

Road: An extensive network of metalled roads connects most of the places in the state. National highways 47, 17, and 49 connect Kerala with other parts of India.

Kerala, in the southernmost tip of India, is noted, among many other things, for its Ayurvedic resorts that draw a large number of tourists every year coming for Ayurveda Holidays in Kerala. Kerala's equable climate, natural abundance of forests (with a wealth of herbs and medicinal plants), and the cool monsoon season (June - November) are best suited for Ayurveda's curative and restorative packages. In fact, today, Kerala is the only State in India which practices this system of medicine with absolute dedication.

Traditional texts reveal that the monsoon is the best season to plan Ayuveda vacations in Kerala. The atmosphere remains dust-free and cool, opening the pores of the body to the maximum, making it most receptive to herbal oils and therapy. Kerala is dotted with numerous Ayurveda resorts.

The Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala are renowned not just in India but also across the globe. The treatments provided by these resorts have become so popular that the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation has started a 'Monsoon Rejuvenation' Package that combines sightseeing tours with Ayurvedic massages and treatment. The Ayurvedic treatments are considered most effective after the karkadam or monsoon months because during this period the body has less heat and hence is most responsive to treatments.

Kerala Ayurveda Resorts provide treatments for ailments such as arthritis, paralysis, obesity, sinusitis, migraine, premature ageing, skin ailments etc. Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala cure detoxify and rejuvenate the whole body system for curing the ailment and enable general fitness. The health and fitness programs in the Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala are based on Ayurvedic oil massages. These massages help in various ways such as improving blood circulation, streamlining the body, building up immunity, ridding the body of toxins and decreasing excess fat in the body etc.

Many of the renowned Ayurveda Resorts in India are in Kerala. Tourists can choose from a range of Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala - from 5 star luxury Ayurveda Resorts, beach Ayurveda Resorts to backwater Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala. You may decide upon your tour in Kerala to choose the Ayurveda resorts as per the location, treatments offered at the Ayurveda resorts. Take a break at the Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala for a refreshing and rejuvenating holiday in India.

Ayurveda

Kerala, its Ayurvedic resorts that draw a large number of tourists every year coming for Ayurveda Holidays in Kerala. Kerala's equable climate, natural abundance of forests (with a wealth of herbs and medicinal plants), and the cool monsoon season (June - November) are best suited for Ayurveda's curative and restorative packages. Kerala is the only State in India which practices this system of medicine with absolute dedication. Traditional texts reveal that the monsoon is the best season to plan Ayuveda vacations in Kerala. The atmosphere remains dust-free and cool, opening the pores of the body to the maximum, making it most receptive to herbal oils and therapy. Kerala is dotted with numerous Ayurveda resorts.

Tourists can choose from a range of Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala - from 5 star luxury Ayurveda Resorts, beach Ayurveda Resorts to backwater Ayurveda Resorts in Kerala.

Houseboat Holidays

Backwaters of Kerala offer an amazing array of holidaying options in Kerala. Caressed by the Arabian Sea in the southern tip of India, Kerala backwaters are complex network of lagoons, lakes & canals. Cruising down the backwaters is an experience to cherish for a lifetime. Life on the backwaters is entirely different; water being the key to everything.

The Kettuvallam or 'boat with knots'- was so called because the entire boat was held together with coir knots only - not even a single nail is used during the construction. The boat is made of planks of jack-wood joined together with coir. This is then coated with a caustic black resin made from boiled cashew kernels. With careful maintenance, a Kettuvallom can last for generations.

A portion of the Kettuvallom was covered with bamboo and coir to serve as a restroom and kitchen for the crew. Meals would be cooked on board and supplemented with fresh fish from the backwaters. Today, the tradition is still continued and the food from the local cuisine is served by the Kuttanad localities, on board.

in Kerala.

Backwaters of Kerala

Alappuzha Backwaters

Veli Aakulam Backwaters

Kollam BAckwaters

Kumarakom Backwaters

Kozhikode Backwaters

Ernakulam - Kochi BAckwaters

Major attractions of Kerala and the Districts which they situated

Ancient Caves, Kumbla, kasaragode

Agastyarkoodam Peak, Kannur

Vasthuvidya Gurukulam, Pathanamthitta

Kerala Kalamandalam Cheruthuruthy, Palakkad

The Fort of Tipu Sultan, Palakkad

Fantasy Park, Palakkad

Jew Street, Mattanchery, Ernakulam

The Aralam wildlife Sanctuary, Kannur

The Archaeological Museum, Thrissur

Napier Museum and Art Gallery, Thiruvananthapuram

Ambalavayal Heritage Museum, Wayanad

Neyyar Reservoir, Thiruvananthapuram

Pathiramanal, Alappuzha

Malayala Kalagramam Kannur District

Chimmini, Thrissur District

Fort Kochi, Ernakulam

Parassinikkadavu Snake Park, Kannur

Attappady, Palakkad

Thodikkulam Temple, Kannur

Thangasseri, Kollam

Koyikkal palace, Thiruvananthapuram

Pazhassiraja Museum and Art Gallery, Kozhikkode

Muzhapilangad Beach, Kannur

Boothathankettu, Ernakulam

Kunchan Smarakom, Palakkad

Valapattanam, Kannur

Sri Padmanabhaswami temple

Sri Chithira art gallery, Trivandrum

Neyyar dam and lake, Trivandrum

Ambalapuzha, The Sree Krishna Temple, Alappey

Siva temple, Ettumanoor, Kottayam

Siva temple, Vaikom, Kottayam

Idukki aarch dam, Idukki

Idukki wild life sanctuary, Idukki

Peerumedu hill resort, Idukki

Ernakualam city, Ernakualam

Parishath thmburan museum, Ernakulam

Bolgatty palace, Ernakulam

Willigton Island, Ernakulam

Jewish synagogm, Ernakulam

VascoDeGamma Tomb, Cochin, Ernakulam

Chinese fishing nets, Ernakulam

St.Francis Church, Fort Cochin, Ernakulam

Kaladi, The birth place of Adi shankara, Ernakulam

Kodanadu elepahant training center, Ernakulam

Peechi dams and wild life sanctuary, Trichur

Guruyatoor Lord Krishna shirine, Trichur

Thuruthy kathalali and Mohiniattam dance centre, Trichur

Malampuzha dam, Palakkad

Nilambur teak plantations, Malapuram

Pazhassi Raja Museum, Calicut

Krishna Menon Museum, Calicut

Art Gallery, Calicut

Historical Port Vasco-de-Gamma landed, Kappad, Calicut

Kannur beach, Kannur

Tippu sultans fort ezhimala, Kannur

Kerala Tourism Contact Addresses

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Department of Tourism

"Park View", Thiruvananthapuram -33 Kerala, India,
Phone: 091-471-2322547 Fax: +91-471-2322279,
E-mail: deptour@md2.vsnl.net.in / deptour@vsnl.com
www.keralatourism.org

District Offices & Regional Offices
Kollam
Dy. Director, Govt. Guest House, Asramam, Kollam
Tel: +91-474-2743620
Pathanamthitta
Tourist Information Officer, Collectorate, Civil Station, Pathanamthitta Tel: +91-473-2326409
Alappuzha
Tourist Information Officer, Boat Jetty, (Near KSRTC-bus Station) Alappuzha.

Tel: +91_477-2260722
Kottayam
Dy. Director, Govt. Guest House, Kottayam
Tel: +91-481-2562219
Idukki
Tourist Information Officer
District Office/ Information Center, Kumily
Tel: +91-486-2322620
Eranakulam
Tourist Information Officer, Govt. Guest House, Eranakulam
Tel: +91-484-2360502/2360257
Eranakulam
Regional Joint Director, Govt. Guest House, Eranakulam
Tel: +91-484-2360502/ 2360257
Palakkad
Dy. Director District Office,
Dept. of Tourism, DTPC Office, Fort, Palakkad
Malappuram
Dy. Director District Office,
Dept. of Tourism, (Near DTPC), Uphill, Malappuram.
Kozhikode
Regional Joint Director, Civil Station, Kozhikode
Tel: +91-495-2373862
Wayanad
Tourist Information Officer Collectorate, Civil Station, Wayanad

Tel: +91-493-2602643
Kannur
Dy. Director, District Office, Dept. of Tourism,
Taluk Office Compound, Kannur.
Tel: +91-497-2706336 (PP-DTPC Office)

Tourist Information Offices In Kerala

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Park View, Thiruvananthapuram,
Tel: +91-471-2321132
Kerala Tourism Information Office
International Airport, Thiruvananthapuram,
Tel: +91-471-2502298

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Domestic Airport, Thiruvananthapuram
Tel: +91-471-2501085

Kerala Tourism Tourist Facilitation Office
ITDC Compound, Kovalam Tel: +91-471-2480085
Kerala Tourism Information Office
Railway Station, Thampanoor, Thiruvananthapuram

Tel: +91-471-2334470

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Central Bus Station, Thampanoor, Thiruvananthapuram
Tel: +91-471-2327224

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Near Govt. Guest House, Papanasam Beach, Varkala.
Tel: +91-471-2602126 (PP).

Kerala Tourism Information Office

Civil Station, Pathanamthitta-689 645

Tel: +91-473-2326409.

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Boat Jetty, Alappuzha Tel: +91-477-2260722
Kerala Tourism Information Office
Kumily, Thekkady, Idukki Tel: +91-486-2322620
Kerala Tourism Information Office
International Airport, Nedumbassery, Kochi
Tel: +91-484-2610113

Kerala Tourism Information Office,
Govt. Guest House, Ernakulam. Tel: +91-484-2360502
Kerala Tourism Information office
Railway Station, Kozhikode Tel: +91-495-2702606
Kerala Tourism Information Office
Airport, Karipur, Kozhikode Tel: +91-495-2712762
Kerala Tourism Information Office
Kalpetta, Wayanad Tel:+91-493-2602134

Tourist Information Offices Outside Kerala

Kerala Tourism Information Office
No.28 Ethiraj Salai, Chennai -600 008.
Tel: +91-44-25382639

Kerala Tourism Information Office
219, Kanishka Shopping Plaza,
19 Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110 001.
Tel: +91-11-23368541

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Dr.Shingaonkar Road, Panaji, Goa 403 001.
Tel: +91-832-2232168

Kerala Tourism Information Office
Kairali Shopping Complex Buildings,
Nariman Point, Mumbai -400 021.
Tel: +91-022-22830491

Important Public Sector Undertakings
Kerala Tourism Development Corporation Ltd.( KTDC)
Corporate Office, Yathri Nivas, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 014
Tel: ++91-471- 2333956
Fax: ++91-471-2334780
Email: ktdc@vsnl.com
KTDC Central Reservation 0471- 2316736
Bekal Resorts Development Corporation Ltd. (BRDC)
Gandhari Amman Koil Road,
Thiruvananthapuram - 695 001
Tel: ++91-471-2321456 Fax: 2321345

Kerala Institute of Tourism & Travel Studies (KITTS)
Residency Compund, Thycaud,
Thiruvananthapuram - 695 014
Tel: ++91-471- 2329539
Fax: ++91-471- 2323989

Thenmala Eco- Tourism Promotion Society &
Eco - Tourism Directorate
Easwaravilasom Road, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 010
Tel: ++91-471- 2329770
Fax: ++91-471- 2337037
Thenmala : Tel: ++91-475- 2344800
Government Guest Houses

Kerala House, New Delhi Tel: ++91-11-23362100/23368128 Fax: ++91-11-23368934
Kerala House, Kanyakumari Tel: ++91-4652- 2452299

Guest House, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram Tel: ++91-471- 2329869/2324453/2324253
Guest House, Ponmudi Tel: ++91-472- 2890230
Guest House, Kovalam Tel: ++91-471- 2480146/2480386/2480269
Guest House, Attingal Tel: ++91-470-2622290
Guest House, Varkala Tel: ++91-470- 2602227
Guest House, Kollam Tel: ++91-474- 2743620
Guest House, Pathanamthitta Tel: ++91-473-2228073
Guest House, Alappuzha Tel: ++91-477-2244460
Guest House, Kottayam Tel: ++91-481- 2340219/2569799
Guest House, Munnar Tel: ++91-4865-2530385
Guest House, Idukki Tel: ++91-4865-2233086
Guest House, Peermade Tel: ++91-4865-2332071
Guest House, Devikulam Tel: ++91-4865-2564223
Guest House, Ernakulam Tel: ++91-484- 2360502/2360257
Guest House, Aluva Tel: ++91-484- 2623636/2623637
Guest House, Thrissur Tel: ++91-487- 2332016/2332300
Guest House, Guruvayur Tel: ++91-487- 2556696
Guest House, Cheruthuruthy Tel: ++91-488- 2462498
Guest House, Malampuzha Tel: ++91-491- 2815207
Guest House, Malappuram Tel: ++91-483- 2734311
Guest House, Kozhikode Tel: ++91-495- 2383920
Guest House, Sulthan Bathery Tel: ++91-4936-2220225
Guest House, Kannur Tel: ++91-497- 2706426
Guest House, Kazargode Tel: ++91-4994- 2230666/2230876/2230063

How to book online

2010-07-15T04:52:00.000-07:00

IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System
http://www.irctc.co.in/
www.indianrail.gov.in/

Online Bus Ticket Booking Service

http://www.redbus.in/
http://www.ticketvala.com/
http://www.ticketgoose.com/

Online Air ticket Booking Service

http://www.yatra.com/
http://www.ixigo.com/
http://www.airticketsindia.com/
http://www.makemytrip.com/
http://www.travelguru.com/
http://www.goindigo.in/
http://www.icicibank.com/ › Online Services

Online Movie Tickets Booking Services
http://www.bookmyshow.com/
http://www.ghoomo.com/
www.paymate.co.in/movies
http://www.ticketnew.com/
http://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/nowshowing/
www.hdfcbank.com/personal/access/movie_ticketing.htm
http://www.pvrcinemas.com/
http://www.thecinema.in/
http://www.easymoviesindia.com/
http://www.nomorequeue.com/
www.vizagcityonline.com/Vizagmovies/moviehelp.html
http://www.movieonline.in/
http://www.ask4ticket.com/
https://www.ticketcounters.com/
www.antya.com/topic/online-movie-tickets
www.bookmyshow.com/BuyTickets.aspx?srid=HYD

Online Movie Ticket Review
http://online-movie-ticket-review.toptenreviews.com/

Online Hotel Booking Services
http://www.travelchacha.com/
http://www.agoda.com/
http://www.bookmytrip.in/
www.travelocity.com/
http://www.venere.com/
http://www.booking.com/
http://www.yatra.com/
www.makemytrip.com/hotels
http://www.hotels.com/
http://www.asiatravel.com/
http://www.hoteldealsite.com/
www.hros.net/
http://www.octopustravel.com/
www.travelmasti.com/indiahotels.htm
http://hotel.ibooking.com/

Compare Hotel Deals
http://www.hotelscombined.com/

Airports in Kerala

2010-07-15T04:04:00.000-07:00

Thiruvananthapuram Airport

URL: http://www.thiruvananthapuramairport.com
Tel: +91- 471 - 2501424,2501220, 2502323.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivandrum_International_Airport

Cochin International Airport Ltd

Kochi Airport P.O., Kerala, India, Tel: +91- 484 - 2 610115,
2611322, 2610033, Fax : +91 - 484 - 610012
E-mail: cial@vsnl.com,
URL: http://www.cochinairport.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport

Calicut Airport

Tel: +91- 483 - 2711314,2710417, 2710517.
URL: http://www.calicutairport.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calicut_International_Airport

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
http://civilaviation.nic.in/aai/airport.htm

Major Airlines
Air India.
Indian Airlines (IC)
Jet Airways (9W)
Qatar Airways (QR)
Kuwait Airways (KU)
Gulf Air (GF)
SriLankan (UL)
Oman Air (WY)

Kerala State Government Departments and Agencies

2010-07-15T04:02:00.000-07:00

http://cyberjournalist.org.in/links2.html
http://www.goidirectory.nic.in/
http://www.kerala.gov.in/
www.gokdelhi.kerala.gov.in/home.htm
http://www.keralatourism.org/
http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/
http://www.info.spark.gov.in/
http://www.keralaregistration.gov.in/
www.keralatourism.org.in/touristinfo.html
www.kerala.nic.in/govtforms/state.htm
http://www.keralalawsect.org/
www.epfkerala.in/
http://www.passport.gov.in/
www.norkaroots.net/Norka.htm
http://www.trivandrum.co.in/
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram
www.keralaclick.com/kerala-government-webistes.html

Portal (formerly keralagov.com)

Chief Minister

Agriculture

Agriculture (Malayalam)

Animal Husbandry
Archaeology

Archives

Ayurveda Medical Education

Food, Civil Supplies,Consumer Affairs

Coir Development

Collegiate Education

Commercial Taxes

Culture Affairs

Drugs Control

Economics and Statistics

Election

Electrical Inspectorate

Environment

Employment and Training

Factories and Boilers

Forests

General Education

Ground Water

Handloom and Textiles

Harbour Engineering

Health and Family Welfare

Higher Secondary Education

Information Technology

Industries and Commerce

Industries Minister

Labour

Law

Local Self Government

Chief Engineer, LSG

Mining and Geology

Motor Vehicles

Museum and Zoo

Non-resident Keralites' Affairs

Planning and Economic Affairs Affairs

Police

Ports

Public Relations

Public Works

PWD Net

Radiation Safety

Registration

Rural Development

Sainik Welfare

Scheduled Castes Development

Scheduled Tribes Development

Science and Technology

Sports and Youth Affairs

State Archives

State Lotteries

Survey and Land Records

Taxes

Technical Education

Treasuries

Tourism

Town and Country Planning

Vigilance and Anti-Corruption

Vocational Higher Secondary Education

Government of Kerala Offices in Delhi

Alappuzha district

Cochin (Kochi) City Police

Cochin City Corporation

Greater Cochin Development Authority

Idukki district

Kannur district

Kannur District Tourism Promotion Council

Kasaragod District

Kollam District

Kollam District Tourism Promotion Council

Kottayam District

Kozhikode district

Kozhikode City Corporation

Malappuram District

Malappuram Industry

Palakkad district

Pathanamthitta District

Pathanamthitta Police

Thiruvananthapuram District

Thiruvananthapuram City Corporation

Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority

Thrissur City Police

Thrissur district

Thrissur Corporation

Wayanad district

Other organisations, Institutions, Agencies

Agency for Non Conventional Energy and Rural Technology (ANERT)

Attappady Hill Area Development Society

Bharat Bhavan Society of Kerala

Bureau of Public Enterprises

Centre for Advanced Training in Free and Open Source Software

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT)

Centre for Earth Science Studies (CESS)

Centre for Heritage Studies

Centre for Management Development

Centre for Research and Education for Social Transformation

Centre for Taxation Studies

Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM)

Clean Kerala Mission

Clinical Epidemiology Resource and Training Center

Cochin Export Processing Zone (CEPZ)

Commissioner of Entrance Examinations

Cooperative Service Examination Board

Cyberparks, Kozhikode

District Primary Education Programme

Employees Provident Fund Organisation- Kerala

Employees Provident Fund Organisation- Malabar

Energy Management Centre

FRIENDS

Infopark Kochi

Information Kerala Mission

Information Technology Mission

Institute of Communicative and Congnitive Neurosciences

Institute of Land and Disaster Management

Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology

Institute of Management in Government

Integrated Fisheries Project. Kochi

Irrigation Design and Research Board

http://www.itschool.gov.in/ (IT@ School)

Jalakam (window to information technology)

Kannur Airport

Keltron Tool room Research & Training Centre (KELTRAC)

Kerala Biodiversity Board

Kerala Books and Publications Society

Kerala Council for Historical Research

Kerala Forest Research Institute

Kerala Institute of Local Administration

Kerala Institute of Labour and Employment

Kerala Institute for Research, Training and Development Studies of SC/ST

Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Board

Kerala Headload Workers Welfare Fund Board

Kerala Khadi Workers Welfare Fund Board

Kerala Poverty Eradication Mission

Kerala Press Academy

Kerala Sahitya Akademi

Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi

Kerala State AIDS Control Society

Kerala State Audio-Visual and Reprographic Centre

Kerala State Bharat Scouts and Guides

Kerala State Chalachitra Akademy

Kerala State Council for Child Welfare

Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE)

Kerala State Land Use Board

Kerala State Legal Services Authority

Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority

Kerala State Mental Health Authority

Kerala State Institute of Children's Literature

Kerala State Pollution Control Board

Kerala State Pharmacy Council

Kerala State Productivity Council

Kerala State Remote Sensing and Environment Centre

Kerala State Science and Technology Museum

Kerala State Social Welfare Board

Kerala State Veterinary Council

Kerala State Youth Welfare Board

Kerala Venture Capital Fund

Kerala Wakf Board

Kerala Water Authority

Kinfra International Apparel Park

Kudumbashree State Poverty Eradication Mission

Malabar Cancer Centre Society

National Employment Service (Kerala)

National Centre for HACCP Certification

National Service Scheme

National Transportation Planning and Research Centre (NATPAC)

Pareeksha Bhavan

Passport Office, Thiruvananthapuram

Passport Office, Kochi

Passport Office, Kozhikode

Public Sector Restructuring and Internal Audit Board

Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology

Regional Cancer Centre

Registrar of Companies, Kerala

RBI, Thiruvananthapuram

Sabarimala Temple

Sarva Siksha Abhiyan- Kerala

Sophiscated Test and Instrumentation Centre

Social Welfare Board

State Central Library

State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)

State Horticulture Mission

State Institute of Education Technology (SIET)

State Institute of Education Technology (New site)

State Institute of Encyclopaedic Publications

State Institute of Encyclopaedic Publications (new site)

State Institute of Languages

State Resource Centre

Suchitwa Mission

Technology Parks (Electronics),Kerala, (TECHNOPARK)

Thenmala Ecotourism Promotion Society

Travancore Cochin Medical Councils

Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute

High Court of Kerala

Kerala Legislative Assembly

Kerala Lokayukta

Kerala Public Service Commission

State Information Commission

Kerala Women's Commission

Kerala Ombudsman for LSG institutions

State Planning Board

State Electricity Regulatory Commission

Right to Information

Chief Electoral Officer

Public Sector Undertakings

Bekal Resorts Development Corporation

Foam Mattings (India) Ltd.

Forest Industries (Travancore) Ltd.

Handicrafts Development Corporation of Kerala

Instrumentation Limited

Kerala Agro Industries Corporation

Kerala Agro Machinery Corporation

Kerala Ceramics Ltd.

Kerala Clays and Ceramic Products Ltd.

Kerala Electrical & Allied Engineering Co. Ltd

Kerala Feeds Ltd.

Kerala Forest Development Corporation

Kerala Financial Corporation (KFC)

Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KINFRA)

KINFRA International Apparel Park

Kerala Industrial and Technical Consultancy Organisation (KITCO)

Kerala Land Development Corporation Ltd.

Kerala Land Information Mission (Bhoomikeralam)

Kerala Livestock Development Board

Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited (KMML)

Kerala Police Housing and Construction Corporation

Kerala Power and Infrastructure Finance Corporation

Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation

Kerala Small Industries Development Corporation

Kerala State Backward Classes Development Corporation

Kerala State Bamboo Corporation

Kerala State Beverages Corporation

Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation

Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation

Kerala State Coir Corporation

Kerala State Construction Corporation

Kerala State Development Corporation for SC and ST

Kerala State Drugs and Pharmaceuticals (KSDP)

Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation (KELTRON)

Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB)

Kerala State Film Development Corporation

Kerala State Financial Enterprises

Kerala State Handicapped Persons Welfare Corporation

Kerala State Handloom Development Corporation

Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB)

Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC)

Kerala State Industrial Enterprises--Ecommerce portal

Kerala State IT Infrastructure Ltd.

Kerala State Palmyrah Products Development and Workers Welare Corporation

Kerala Poultry Development Corporation

Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC)

Kerala State Textile Corporation

Kerala State Warehousing Corporation

Kerala State Women’s Development Corporation

Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC)

Kerala Transport Development Finance Corporation (KTDFC)

Kerala Urban and Rural Development Finance Corporation

Kochi Refineries

Malabar Cancer Centre

Malabar Cements

Norka-ROOTS

Oil Palm India

Overseas Development and Employment Promotion Consultants

Norka-ROOTS

The Pharmaceutical Corporation of Kerala Ltd.

Plantations Corporation of Kerala Limited

Rehabilitation Plantations Limited

Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

State Farming Corporation of Kerala

State Medicinal Plant Board

Steel and Industrial Forgings Limited

Steel Complex Limited

Steel Industrials Kerala Limited

Tourist Resorts (Kerala) Limited

Traco Cables Company Limited

Transformers & Electrical Kerala Limited

Travancore Cements

Travancore Cochin Chemicals

Travancore Titanium Products

United Electrical Industries Limited Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited

Educational Institutions

Calicut University

Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT)

Central School, Pattom

Centre for Advamced Training in FOSS

Centre for Continuing Education

Centre for Development Studies

Centre for Foreign Student Affairs

Co-operative Academy of Professional Education

Co-operative Institute of Technology

Government Homeopathic Medical College

Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management--Kerala (IIITM-K)

Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode

Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology

Institute of Human Resources Development in Electronics

Institute of Management in Kerala

Kannur University

Kerala Agricultural University

Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies

Kerala Kalamandalam

Kerala University

LBS Centre for Science and Technology

Mahatma Gandhi University

National Coir Research and Management Institute

National Institute of Speech and Hearing

National University of Advanced Legal Studies

Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology

Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit

State Institute of Educational Management and Training

State Institute of Languages

State Institute of Rural Development

State Resource Centre

Vasthuvidya Gurukulam

Engineering colleges of Kerala

Medical colleges of Kerala

Arts and Science Colleges of Kerala

Cooperatives

State Cooperative Union

Cooperative Service Examination Board

Kerala Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (Milma)

Kerala Kerakarshaka Sahakarana Federation Ltd. (KERAFED)

Kerala State Cashew Workers Apex Industrial Cooperative Society (CAPEX)

Kerala State Cooperative Bank

Kerala State Cooperative Agricultural and Rural Development Bank

Kerala State Cooperative Coir Marketing Federation Ltd

Kerala State Cooperative Consumers' Federation Ltd (CONSUMERFED)

Kerala State Cooperative Consumers' Federation For Fisheries Development (MATSYAFED)

Kerala State Cooperative Institute of Information Technology, Electronics and Communication (COSTECH)

Kerala State Cooperative Marketing Federation (MARKETFED)

Kerala State Cooperative Rubber Marketing Federation (RUBBERMARK)

Kerala State Handicrafts Apex Cooperative Society (SURABHI)

Kerala State Handloom Weavers Cooperative Society (HANTEX)

Kerala State Homeopathic Cooperative Pharmacy

Kerala State Rural Women's Electronics Industrial Co-op Federation Ltd.

Top Game sites

2010-07-15T03:55:00.000-07:00

Entertaintment sites

2010-07-15T03:43:00.000-07:00

www.kerala.cc/keralaentertainment
http://www.keralatopsites.com/
http://www.mallusfun.com/
www.my-kerala.com/dir/Entertainment/Music
www.zonkerala.com/Entertainment
http://www.keralacafe.com/
www.keralawebsites.org/Entertainment
http://www.prokerala.com/
http://www.keraladaily.com/
http://www.cyberkerala.com/
http://www.ammamalayalam.com/
www.kerala.cc/keralatvnradio
www.keralaeverything.com/ent/mus.htm
www.topmalayalamwebsites.com/9/Malayalam_Portal
www.rhmoz.com/entertainment
http://www.keralawebsites.org/

Newspapers

2010-07-14T10:37:00.000-07:00

Malayalam Journalism

www.en.wikipedia.org/.../List_of_Malayalam_language_newspapers

Newspapers : Malayala Manorama · Mathrubhumi · Deshabhimani · Madhyamam · Kerala Kaumudi · Deepika · Thejas · Varthamanam · Chandrika · Janmabhumi · Sirajdaily · Mangalam Publications · Janayugam ·

Radio : Club FM 94.3 · Club FM 104.8 · Radio Mango 91.9 · BEST FM 95 · Red FM 93.5 · Red FM 91.1 · Big FM 92.7 · Radio Mirchi 98.3 · Radio DC · Asianet Radio 657AM · Radio Asia 1269 AM · Oxygen FM 102.4 · Radio Me 95.3 FM · Hit FM 96.7 · Radio Joy Alukkas · Radio Dum Dum

TV channels : Asianet · Asianet News · Asianet plus · ACV · Amrita TV · Surya TV · Kairali TV · People TV · WE TV · DD Malayalam · Indiavision · Yes Indiavision · Jeevan TV · Kiran TV · Manorama News · Bharath TV · JaiHind TV ·

Periodicals : Mathrubhumi · Desabhimani · Madhyamam · Bhashaposhini · India Today · Samakalika Malayalam · Chandrika · Kala Koumudi · Keralasabdam · Chintha · Yuvadhara · Sasthragathi · Sunday Indian · SilverLine · Visesham · Nostalgia · Vanitha · Kanyaka · Balamangalam · Balarama · Poompatta · Balabhumi · Eureka · Thaliru · Thaththamma · Kurunnukal · BobanumMoliyum · Unnikkuttan · IT Lokam · InfoKairali · TechVidya · Yathra · FastTrack · Mathrubhumi Sports Masika · Mathrubhumi Arogya Masika · ThozhilVartha · Manorama Arogyam · Student Masika · Thozhil Veethi · Nostalgia · CableScan · Mahilarathnam · Gruhalakshmi · Vellinakshatram · Nana · Chithrabhumi · Cinema Mangalam · Labour India

Educational Institutions in Kerala

2010-07-14T10:24:00.000-07:00

Colleges

www.collegeskerala.com/
www.worldcolleges.info/kerala/KeralaColleges.php
www.kerala.gov.in/dept_collegiate/list.htm
www.keralaeducation.net/Colleges/
www.cyberjournalist.org.in/deepak/colleges.html
www.keralaeverything.com/edu/uni.htm
www.ipsr.org/placements/engclg.asp
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Kerala
www.edugrid.ac.in/webfolder/download/list-engg-colleges.pdf
www.indiaedu.com/polytechnic-colleges/kerala.htm
http://www.amitbhawani.com/
www.hindustanlink.com/careertex/india.../kerala.htm
www.edukerala.com/2010/04/engineering-colleges-in-kerala/
www.hospitals-directory.com/nursing_colleges.htm
www.highereducationinindia.com/india/dental-institutes-kerala.php
www.successcds.net/MBA.../MBA-Colleges-in-Kerala.html
www.indicareer.com/6-colleges-in-Kerala.html
www.mbapursuit.com/mba-colleges-in-kerala
www.indiastudycenter.com/univ/.../kerala/engineering-colleges.asp
www.zonkerala.com/Private-Dental-Colleges-28/
www.parinama.org/2009/06/list-of-polytechnic-colleges-in-kerala/
www.infinitecourses.com/engineering-colleges-in-kerala.aspx
www.indianmba.com/kerala
www.keralaeducation.net/Biotechnology/
www.cyberjournalist.org.in/deepak/medical.html
www.keral.com/college/listofcolleges.html
www.keralaeducation.com/
http://www.keralacolleges.com/

Schools

www.keralaeverything.com/edu/sch.htm
www.kerala.gov.in/dept_highersecondory/hs_index.htm
www.keralaeducation.net/Schools/
www.schoolskerala.com/
www.indiaedu.com/kerala/schools/secondary-schools.html
www.indiaedu.com/kerala/
www.zonkerala.com/Education/Schools
www.education.kerala.gov.in/Report%20on%20Unaided%20Schools.pdf
www.listkerala.com/kerala_schools.htm
http://www.keralaschools.com/
http://www.hscap.kerala.gov.in/
www.keralaeducation.com/
www.hospitals-directory.com/nursing_colleges.htm
www.indiaedumart.com/kerala-education/
http://www.simplymalayalees.com/forum_posts.asp?TID=407
www.kerala.com/kerala_education/index.php
www.keralaeducation.net/Schools/State-Schools/Ernakulam.aspx
www.dhsekerala.gov.in/
www.keralaeverything.com/edu/sch_cbc.htm
www.globalshiksha.com/list+of+schools+in+kerala/search/
www.listkerala.com/
www.keralaindex.com/csearch.asp?scatid=84
www.keralaschools.co.in/
www.educationwebs.info/?p=961
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_boarding_schools
www.hssta.com/

Matrimonial Sites

2010-07-14T03:20:00.000-07:00

www.keralamatrimony.com/
http://www.jeevansathi.com/
www.SimplyMarry.com/Matrimonials
www.spiderkerala.com/kerala/matrimonial/
www.malayogamonline.com/
http://www.intimatematrimonials.com/
www.shaadi.com/matrimonials/kerala-matrimonial
www.m4me.com/
www.jeevanjodi.com/
www.keralamatchmaker.com/
www.malayalam.matrimonialsindia.com/
www.inmatri.com/
www.m4marry.com/
http://www.keralamatrimonials.com/
www.matrimonial.mathrubhumi.com/
www.h1bmarriages.com/
www.jeevan4u.com/matrimonials/
www.malayaleemarriage.com/
www.bharatmatrimony.com/matrimonial/kerala/
www.123kerala.com/matrimonials.html
www.keralawebdirectory.com/Matrimonial/
www.bigvivah.com/
www.trinitymatrimony.com/
www.keralawebsites.org/
www.keralaeverything.com/matr/
www.manamaalai.com/
www.keralawaves.com/
www.123-matrimonials.com/matrimony/.../Kerala-matrimonial/
www.brahminsmatrimony.com/
www.sunmatrimony.com/
www.newmatrimonial.com/
www.zonkerala.com/Kerala-Matrimonial-Sites-143/
www.topkerala.com/Matrimonial-Services.htm
www.cckerala.com/Matrimonial/
www.keralamatrimony.com/matrimonial/
www.1rupeekeralamatrimony.com/
www.subamuhurtham.in/
www.matrimonials4all.com/
www.keralamatrimonial.in/
www.hindusonlymatrimony.com/ -Hindus Only Matrimony
www.godblessmatrimonials.com/kerala/
www.cyberkerala.com/
www.my-matrimony.com/kerala/index.shtml
www.vivahabandhan.com/Matrimony/kerala.html
www.markosweb.com/www/keralamatrimony.com/
www.freemarriage.com/
http://www.divorceematrimony.com/ (for divorcees)
http://www.malayaleeshadi.com/

Recipes of Kerala

2010-07-10T11:24:00.000-07:00

The cuisine of Kerala (കേരളീയ പാചകശൈലി) is linked in all its richness to the history, geography, demography and culture of the land. Kerala cuisine has a multitude of both vegetarian and dishes prepared using fish, poultry and meat. Coconuts grow in abundance in Kerala, and consequently, grated coconut and coconut milk are widely used in dishes and curries as a thickener and flavouring ingredient. Kerala's strong fishing industry have contributed to many sea- and river-food based dishes. Having been a major production area of spices for thousands of years, black pepper, cardamom, cloves, ginger, and cinnamon play a large part in its food.

Breakfast

Kerala cuisine offers many delicious vegetarian breakfast dishes that are often relatively unknown outside the state. These include Puttu (made of rice powder and grated coconut, steamed in a metal or bamboo holder) and kadala (a curry made of black garbanzo beans chana), idli (fluffy rice pancakes), sambar, dosa and chutney, pidiyan, Idiyappam (string hoppers - also known as Noolputtu and Nool-Appam), Paal-Appam, a circular, fluffy, crisp-edged pancake made of rice flour fermented with a small amount of toddy or wine, etc. Idiyapam and Paalappam are accompanied by mutton, chicken or vegetable stew or a curry of beef or fish moli (the most common dish is black pomfret in a coconut based sauce).

Lunch and dinner

The staple food of Kerala, like most South-Indian states, is rice. Unlike other states, however, many people in Kerala prefer parboiled rice (Choru) (rice made nutritious by boiling it with rice husk). Kanji (rice congee), a kind of rice porridge, is also popular. Tapioca, called kappa in Kerala, is popular in central Kerala and in the highlands, and is frequently eaten with fish curry.

Rice is usually consumed with one or more curries. Vegetarian dinners usually consist of multiple courses, each involving rice, one main dish (usually sambar, rasam, puli-sherry), and one or more side-dishes. Kerala cooking uses coconut oil almost exclusively.

Popular vegetarian dishes include sambar, aviyal, Kaalan, theeyal, thoran (dry curry), pulisherry (morozhichathu in Cochin and the Malabar region), olan, erisherry, puliinji, payaru (mung bean), kappa (tapioca), etc. Vegetarian dishes often consist of fresh spices that are liquefied and crushed to make a paste-like texture to dampen rice.

Common non-vegetarian dishes include stew (using chicken, beef, lamb, or fish), traditional or chicken curry (Nadan Kozhi Curry), chicken fry (Kozhi Porichathu/Varuthathu), fish/chicken/mutton molly(fish or meat in light gravy), fish curry (Meen Curry), fish fry (Karimeen Porichathu/Varuthathu), lobster fry (Konchu Varuthathu), Spicy Beef Fry (Beef Ularthiyathu), Spicy Steamed Fish (Meen Pollichathu) etc. Biriyani, a Mughal dish consists of rice cooked along with meat, onions, chillies and other spices.

Although rice and tapioca may be considered the original Kerala starch staples, wheat, in the form of chappatis or parathas (known as porottas in Kerala), is now very commonly eaten, especially at dinner time. Numerous little streetside vendors offer an oily parathas (akin to the croissant in its flakiness and oiliness) with meat, egg, or vegetable curry for dinner. Grains such as ragi and millet, although common in the arid parts of South India, have not gained a foothold in Kerala.

Pickles and other side-dishes

Kerala cuisine also has a variety of pickles and chutneys, and crunchy pappadums, banana chips, jackfruit chips, kozhalappam, achappam, cheeda, and churuttu.

Sadya

A typical sadya, where banana leaves are used as plates. Sadya items ready to be served, Clockwise from top Paayasam, Bittergourd thoran, aviyal, Kaalan, Lime Pickle, Sambar, Buttermilk with Boiled rice in centerKerala is known for its traditional banquet or sadhya, a vegetarian meal served with boiled rice and a host of side-dishes served especially during special occasions and festivals. The sadhya is complemented by payasam, a sweet dessert native to Kerala. The sadhya is, as per custom, served on a banana leaf, and is a formal-style meal with three or more courses of rice with a side-dish (usually sambar, rasam, buttermilk, etc.). In south Kerala the Payasam in followed by more (butter milk). Whereas in North Kerala it is considered to be the last dish to be served. A typical sadhya would have

Boiled Rice, sambar , Parippu, Aviyal, Kaalan, Thoran, Pulisherry, Olan, Puliinji, Pappadam, Mooru, Kaya upperi , Sharkara upperi , Banana , Paayasam.

Cooking Utensils

There are utensils that are used in Kerala which are significant to cuisine in Kerala. An aduppu is a square hearth, Mun Chatti is cooking pot made from clay, Cheena Chatti (literally Chinese pot) is a deep frying pan.

Glossary of vegetables and spices

Asafoetida : Kaayam
Ash gourd : Kumbalanga
Banana : Pazham, Ethapazham
Bengal gram : Mani Kadala
Bitter gourd : Kaipakka (Pavakka)
Black pepper : Kurumulaku
Cabbage : Mottakkoosu
Cardamom : Elakkaya
Cashew nut : Kasuvandipparippu
Cinnamon : Karuvapatta
Clove : Karayampoo
Coconut oil : Velichenna
Coconut : Nalikeram, Thenga
Colocasia : Chembu
Coriander : Malli or Kothamalli
Cucumber : Vellarikka
Cumin : Jeerakam
Drumstick : Muringakkaya
Egg plant : Vazhuthananga, brinjal
Fennel : Perumjeerakam
Fenugreek : Uluva or Vengayam
Garlic : Veluthulli
Ginger : Inji
Gooseberry : Nellikka
Green Chili : Pacha mulaku
Green gram : Cherupayar
Guava : Perakka
Jack fruit : Chakka
Jaggery : Sarkara (bellam or vellam)
Milk : Paal
Mustard seeds : Kaduku
Nutmeg : Jathikka
Okra / Lady's finger: Vendakka
Onion : Ulli, Savala, Sabola
Papaya : Omakaya, Koppakaya, Papakaya, Pappali , Kappalanga
Pea : Payar
Groundnut : Kappalandi or Nilakkadala
Red gram : Van Payar
Plantain : Nendrakkaya, Etheka
Potato : Urulakkizhangu
Pumpkin : Matthanga
Raisin : Unakka munthiri, kismis
Salt : Uppu
Shallot : Chuvannulli or Cheriyulli
Snake gourd : Padavalanga
Sugar : Panjasara
Tamarind : Puli
Tapioca : Kappa, Marichini
Taro : Cheambu
Tomato : Thakkali
Black gram : Uzhunnu

Some useful sites for making delicious Kerala recipes:-
www.pachakam.com/
www.newkerala.com/recipes/
www.keralarecipes.com/
www.spiderkerala.com/kerala/recipes/
www.recipes.malayali.me/
www.123kerala.com/recipes.html
www.recipes.keralaz.info/
www.my-kerala.com/p/cook/
www.kerals.com/dish/recipe.htm
www.zonkerala.com/recipes/
www.kerala-recipe.com/
www.mallukitchen.com/
www.prokerala.com/general/recipes/
www.recipesfromkerala.com/
www.webindia123.com/cookery/region/kerala/intro.htm
http://wwwkerala-india.blogspot.com/

Water Parks in Kerala

2010-04-01T03:14:00.000-07:00

Veega Land http://www.veegaland.com/
Veega Land, India's first water theme park, has since its inception been an irresistible attraction for hundreds of thousands of fun loving people of all ages from all over India.

Dream World Water Park http://www.dreamworldwaterpark.com/
The most modern man made sophisticated Water Theme Park is situated on Athirappilly route very near to the magical natural beauty of Athirappilly.

Fantasy Park
It is the only theme park of its kind in the State where the entire family can find some form of amusement.

Happy Land : This Water Theme park is the place to be when you want to be relaxed and happy irrespective of seasons and occasions.
Sadhoo Merry Kingdom, Kannur : The most modern man made sophisticated water theme park.

Silver Storm : Introducing a novelty of Amusement with the hearty touch of elegance.

VISMAYA Amusement Park : As a classic example of an Amusement Park clubbed with Information and Entertainment.

More details including tariff, timings etc can be found on
http://www.leisurekerala.com/main/AmusementParksInKerala.asp

Ayurvedic Hospitals in Kerala, India

2010-04-01T02:48:00.000-07:00

The real origin of Ayurveda is lost in time and there are many myths, stories and legends about it. .Ayurveda is the oldest science known to man for health, healing, prevention and longevity. The practice of Ayurveda has been an ancient reality for this state.

List of Ayurvedic Hospitals in Kerala

ARYA VAIDYA SALA - Kottakkal www.aryavaidyasala.com/

Punarnava Ayurveda hospital www.punarnava.net/

ANNVIN Ayurvedic Panchakarma Hospital www.keralaayurveda.org.in/

Keraleeya Ayurveda Samajam www.samajam.org/

Ayurveda Therapy Hospital www.ayurvedichospitalkerala.com/
AyurVAID Hospitals www.ayurvaid.com/
Amba Ayurveda Hospital www.ambaayurveda.org/
SARADHY AYURVEDA www.sarathyayurveda.com/
Kerala Ayurved Pharmacy Limited http://www.keralaayurveda.biz/
Athreya Ayurvedic Resorts http://www.theathreya.com/
Parathuvayalil Hospital www.parathuvayalilhospital.com/
Sree Sankara Group Ayurveda Hospitals http://www.sreesankara.com/
PVA Ayurveda Hospital www.ayurvedaacharya.com/
NANDAVANAM AYURVEDIC HOSPITAL http://www.nandavanam.in/
Ayurkendra Ayurveda Hospital www.ayurkendra.com/
Rajah Ayurvedic Hospital http://www.ayurvedichospital.com/
KERALA AYURVEDA Centre http://www.ayuryog.com/
Caritas Ayurvedic Hospital, www.ayurvedahospital.com/
Thulasi Ayurveda Hospital www.thulasiayurveda.com/
Sreepathy Ayurveda Hospital www.sreepathyayurveda.com/
Krishnendu Ayurveda Hospital www.krishnenduayur.org/
Sreedhareeyam Ayurvedic Eye Hospital and Research Centre www.sreedhareeyam.com/
Amala ayurvedic hospital www.amalaayurveda.org/
Birla Kerala Vaidyashala www.birlakeralavaidyashala.com/
Amba Ayurveda Hospital www.ayurvedatreatmentkottayam.com/
Ayush Ayurveda Hospital www.ayushayurvedam.com/
Sanjeevani Ayurveda Hospital www.vedicremedies.com/
Kayalvarathu Ayurvedic Hospital www.kayalvarath.com/
Kurunhikkattil ayurveda hospital www.kurunhikkattil.com/
Ahalia Ayurvedic Hospital www.placidway.com/profile/810/
Kottathil Ayurvedic Centre www.kottathilayurveda.com/
Somatheeram - Aryuvedic Health Resort www.mysomatheeram.com/dev/
VYAS Ayurveda Hospital & Research Centre www.vyasayurveda.com/
Guruprakash Ayurvedic Centre www.guruprakashayurvedakovalam.com/
MALABAR AYURVEDIC HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER www.maharayurvedic.com/
Amruthanjali Ayurvedic Hospital www.amruthanjali.com/Herbs.htm
Punarnava Ayurveda hospital http://www.ashextourism.com/hotelsresorts/kerala/punarnava%20ayurveda%20hospital.htm
Krishnendu Ayurveda Hospital www.krishnenduayurvedahospital.com/
SREE SANKARA AYURVEDA VAIDYASHALA, Changanassery in Kottayam
St. Josephs Hospital Karuvanchal www.stjosephshospitals.org/
Ashwini Ayurvedic Hospital & Research Centre www.ashwiniayurvedic.com/
Thaikkattu Mooss ETM Ayurveda Hospital http://etmayurvedahospital.com/
P.V.A Ayurvedic Hospital,Kannur http://www.ayurvedaacharya.com/
Punarnava Ayurveda hospital http://www.punarnava.net/
Shafi Ayurveda Nursing Home www.shafiayurveda.com
Warriers Hospital and Panchakarma centre, Alapuzha
Vruksha Ayurveda Clinic
Ayurveda Academy
Sarathy Ayurvedic Hospital, Aluva, Ernakulam ‎ www.sarathyayurveda.com/
Aluva Ayurveda River Retreat, Shiva Temple Road, Ernakulam
Sukhodaya Ayurveda hospital, Kanjirappally
Kandamkulathy Ayurveda Hospital, Chittoor Road, Ernakulam kandamkulathy.com
Santhigiri Ayurvedic Hospital,Thrisur www.ayurvedasanthigiri.com
Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute,Tvm www.ananthapurihospitals.com/
Sree Chithra Panchakarma Research Centre,Thrissur http://www.sreechithra.com/
Krithanjali Ayurveda Nursing Home, Valappad,Thrissur
Kerala Vaidyasala (I) Pvt Ltd, Jos Junction, Ernakulam
Sitaram Ayurveda Speciality Hospital,Thrissur
Ayurvedic Hospital and Research Centre,Malappuram
Arya Vaidyasala ,malappuram
Ayushkara ayurveda hospital, Palakkad
Rogasamharini Vaydhyasala,Thrissur,
Krithanjali Ayurveda Nursing Home, Thrissur
Nagarjuna Ayurvedic Centre, Ernakulam http://www.nagarjun.com/
Aswani Ayurveda Nursing,Alleppy
K P Pathrose Kandamkulathy Vaidyasala, Thrissur http://www.kandamkulathy.com/
Reyalans Ayurveda Nursing Home, Thrissur
Siddha Vaidyasram,Thrissur
Keerthi Ayurveda Hospital (p) Ltd, Thrissur
Girija Ayurveda Hospital,Thrissur
Edisons Sidha Vaidyasala,Thrissur & Thiruvananthapuram
Thrissur District Ayurveda Co-Op Hospital ,Keralavarma College Rd, Thrissur
Sitharam Ayurveda Pharmacy, Thrissur www.sitaramayurveda.com
Nambiyath Ayurvedic,Thrissur
Kalya Ayurveda Pharmacy and Herbal Research Remedies,Thrissur
Ayurveda Hospital Irinjalakuda, Thrissur
Kottakayal Arya Thrissur
Government Ayurveda Hospital, Pathanamthitta
District Ayurveda Hospital, Pathanamthitta
Jayabharatham Arya Vaidya Sala, Kollam
Sreerangam C.V.N. Kalarai Chikilsakendram,Kottayam
Mercy Nature Cure and Yoga Centre, Kottayam www.mercynaturecure.com
Sreedhari Rejuvenation Centre(P)Ltd, Kottayam www.sreedhari.com/
Sukhodaya Pharmacy & Research Centre,kottayam
Sahyadri Ayurveda Pharmacy, Kottayam www.ayurvedaexcellence.com
Annvin Ayurvedic Panchakarma
Dhanwanthari Centre,Kottayam
Ayur Research Centre, Tripunithura, Ernakulam
Navajyothi Ayurveda Hospital,Idukki
Charakas Ayurveda Nursing Home, , Thodupuzha, Idukki www.charakayurveda.com
Irinjalakuda Ayurveda Hospital, Thrissur
Dhanwanthari Vaidyasala And Treatment Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Ernakulam
Vrindavan Ayurveda Hospital, Alappuzha
Varriem Dispensery,Iduki
Co-Operative Hospital Thodupuzha, Idukki
Ayurvedic Hospital & Research Centre, Ernakulam
Govt Ayurveda Hospital,Ernakulam
Sreedhareeyam Ayurveda Gaveshana Kendram Hospital And Research Centre,Ernakulam,
Shivapriya Ayurveda Hospital,Kollam
Karuna Ayurvedic Hospital,Kozhikode
Aswathibhavan Chikilsalayam, Pathanamthitta
Vaidyamadham Mana,Palakkad, Kerala
Keraliya Ayurveda Samajam, Palakakd
Vaidaratnam Oushadasala,Thrissur
Santhigiri Hospital Complex, Trivandrum www.santhigiri.com
Aluva Ayurveda River Retreat, Shiva Temple Road, Ernakulam
Chempakasseril Ayurveda Hospital, Kottayam
Parathuvayalil Hospital http://www.parathuvayalil.com/
Keraleeya Aurveda Samajam Hospital http://www.samajam.org/

The whole list of Ayurvedic, Allopathic, Dental hospital lists are available on http://www.hospitalskerala.com/ It also provides list of district wise hopsitals in kerala

Ayurvedamonline http://www.eventshost.net/ayurvedamonline/ayurvedic_treatments.html

Freelancing Job Sites

2010-03-21T04:43:00.000-07:00

Money Making Websites

2010-03-21T03:58:00.000-07:00

http://www.forex-internet.com/
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http://www.takeyourlevel.com/
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http://www.moneymakinglinks.net/
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http://www.hotdoubler.com/
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http://www.hbwm.com/
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2010-03-21T03:46:00.000-07:00

Spices of Kerala, India

2008-06-07T06:01:00.000-07:00

No country in the world produces as many kinds of spices as India with quality spices come from Kerala, an Indian state.

A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark or vegetative substance used in nutritionally insignificant quantities as a food additive for the purpose of flavoring. Spices and herbs are good not only for our taste buds but also for our health. They supply calcium, iron, vitamin B, vitamin C , carotene and other antioxidants.

Major Spices

cardmom, ginger, cassia, chilly, cinnamom, nut meg, clove , pepper coffee, tamarind , curry leaf, tea, turmeric , vanilla

Cardamom : It is called Queen of Spices and one of the most exotic and highly prized spices. The dried fruit of a herbaceous perennial, cardamom is grown mainly in Kerala, Tamilnadu and Karnataka. Cardamom oil is a precious ingredient in food preparations, perfumery, health foods medicines and beverages. Many historical Indian texts mention cardamom as a flavouring and medicine. n the 11th century in India cardamom was included in the list of ingredients for panchasugandha-thambula or 'five-fragrance betel chew' in the Manasollasa or Book of Splendour. It was also included in recipes from the court of the Sultan of Mandu dating from about 1500. All the different cardamom species and varieties are used mainly as cooking spices and as medicines.
Uses : It has a strong, unique taste, with an intensely aromatic fragrance. It is often used in baking in Scandinavia. One of the most expensive spices by weight, little is needed to impart the flavour. In India, green cardamom is broadly used to treat infections in teeth and gums, to prevent and treat throat troubles, congestion of the lungs and pulmonary tuberculosis, inflammation of eyelids and also digestive disorders. It is also reportedly used as an antidote for both snake and scorpion venom. The pods can be used whole or split when cooked in Indian substantial meals.

Ginger : one of the earliest Oriental spices known in Europe, ginger has been cultivated in India both as a fresh vegetable and marketed as a dried spice since time immemorial. Ginger has always meant many things to many people. A taste- maker. A flavorant. An appetizer. A drug. Though grown all over India, the finest quality ginger comes from Kerala endowed as it is with a congenial climate and a rich earthy soil. India offers ginger in a variety of forms; oils, oleoresins, fresh ginger in brine, pickles, candies and syrups.

Uses: Ginger roots are juicy and fleshy with a very mild taste. They are often pickled in vinegar or sherry as a snack or just cooked as an ingredient in many dishes. They can also be stewed in boiling water to make ginger tea, to which honey is often added as a sweetener.Ginger roots are fibrous and nearly dry. The juice from old ginger roots is extremely potent and is often used as a spice in Chinese cuisine to flavor dishs such as in seafood and mutton . Ginger is also candied, is used as a flavoring for candy, cookies, crackers and cake, and is the main flavor in ginger ale, a sweet, carbonated, non-alcoholic beverage, as well as the similar, but somewhat spicier beverage ginger beer. Medical research has shown that ginger root is an effective treatment for nausea caused by motion sickness or other illness,and also contains many antioxidants. Powdered dried ginger root is made into capsules for medicinal use.

Cassia : Cassia is the dried husk (bark) of a small, bushy evergreen tree. There are different varieties of cassia, obtained from different species of Cinnamomum and originating from different sources.The oil of cassia finds extensive application in liquors and beauty products. Cassia is often used as a less costly substitute to true cinnamon. In India, cassia is grown in the North-Eastern states and in the evergreen tracts along the high ranges of the Western Ghats.
Uses: Cassia bark (both powdered and in whole, or "stick" form) is used as a flavouring agent, for candies, desserts, baked goods, and meat; it is specified in many curry recipes, where cinnamon is less suitable. Cassia is sometimes added to true cinnamon but is a much thicker, coarser product. Cassia is sold as pieces of bark (as pictured on the left) or as neat quills or sticks.

Nutmeg : Nutmeg is the hard kernel of the seed of an evergreen tree, native to Moluccas. Mace is the lacy growth known as the aril, surrounds the seed. Nutmeg had long been used in India, unknown to ancient civilization of the west.

Chilly : Chilly is the universal spice of India. Chilly has two important commercial qualities. If some varieties are famous for red colour because of the pigment capsanthin, others are known for biting pungency attributed by capsaicin. India is the only country rich in many varieties with different quality factors. Chilly is an essential ingredient of Kerala curry. Curry is characterized by tempting colour and titillating pungency.Both are contributed by chilly. In curry, chilly is used as a paste, powder, broken split or whole form. There are Kerala pickles, especially with tender mango in which chilly powder is added lavishly to form a thick paste with biting sensation at the end of curing. In all Kerala homes, chilly is used by the poor and the rich alike.
Uses: The fruit is eaten cooked or raw for its fiery hot flavour which is concentrated along the top of the pod.

Cinnamon : Bushy evergreen tree of the laurel family (Lauraceae) native to Sri Lanka. he spice is light brown in colour and has a delicately fragrant aroma and warm, sweet flavour. The native to Sri Lanka. In modern times, cinnamon is used to flavour a variety of foods, from confections to curries; in Europe and the United States it is especially popular in bakery goods. The Sri Lanka cultivator harvests his main crop in the wet season, cutting the shoots close to the ground. Cinnamon contains from 0.5 to 1 percent essential oil, the principal component of which is cinnamic aldehyde. The oil is distilled from the fragments for use in food, liqueur, perfume, and drugs. The aldehyde can also be synthesized. Cinnamon has been known from remote antiquity, and it was so highly prized among ancient nations that it was regarded as a gift fit for monarchs and other great potentates.

Uses: Cinnamon bark is widely used as a spice. It is principally employed in cookery as a condiment and flavouring material, being largely used in the preparation of some kinds of desserts, chocolate and spicy candies and liqueurs.Cinnamon is also used as an insect repellent.

Clove : Small, reddish-brown flower bud of the tropical evergreen tree Syzygium aromaticum. The clove tree is an evergeen that grows to about 25 to 40 feet. Cloves are strongly pungent owing to eugenol, which is extracted by distillation to yield oil of cloves. This oil is used to prepare microscopic slides for viewing and is also a local anesthetic for toothaches.

Uses: Strong of aroma and hot and pungent in taste, cloves are used to flavour many foods, particularly meats and bakery products. Cloves can be used in cooking either whole or in a ground form, but as they are extremely strong they are used sparingly. Cloves have historically been used in Indian cuisine (both North Indian and South Indian). In the north indian cuisine, it is used in almost every sauce or side dish made, mostly ground up along with other spices. They are also a key ingredient in chai tea along with green cardamoms. In the south indian cuisine, it finds extensive use in the biryani dish (similar to the pilaf, but with the addition of local spice taste), and is normally added whole to enhance the presentation and flavor of the rice.

Along with the recreational uses of cloves, they are also said to be a natural anthelmintic.

Nutmeg : Nutmeg is the hard kernel of the seed of an evergreen tree, native to Moluccas. Cultivation of this species is only possible in warm humid climates. Nutmeg is usually associated with sweet, spicy dishes. Nutmeg and mace have similar taste qualities, nutmeg having a slightly sweeter and mace a more delicate flavor.

Uses: It is used to relieve bronchial disorders, rheumatism and flatulence as treatment for digestive, liver and skin complaints. It is also used in perfumery, soaps and shampoos. Nutmeg is usually associated with sweet, spicy dishes. The essential oil is obtained by the steam distillation of ground nutmeg and is used heavily in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The oil is colorless or light yellow and smells and tastes of nutmeg. Used in small dosages nutmeg can reduce flatulence, aid digestion, improve the appetite and treat diarrhea, vomiting and nausea.

Pepper : The King of Spices, is one of the oldest and best-known spices in theworld. The finest Indian pepper is grown in the monsoon forests of the Malabar coast in Kerala. Pepper has a sharp, hot and biting taste. India holds a supreme position in the production of pepper. Pepper is a perennial climber requiring the support of live or dead standards.
Uses: For colds and flu, it can be taken as a steam inhalation. Pepper is used in certain tonic and rubefacient preparations and also used as flavour ingredient in most major food products including non alcoholic beverages, candies, baked foods, meat and meat products, Cheese, Condiments and relishes. Both black and white pepper have been used in the East for the treatment of stomach aches, digestive problems and fever for over 4,000 years.

Coffee: The Malabar Coast, the Arabian Ocean, the West facing slopes of India’s Ghat Mountains, these things supply ideal coffee growing conditions to the region centered in Karnakata.
Uses : Much processing and human labour is required before coffee berries and its seed can be processed into the roasted coffee. All coffee is roasted before being consumed.

Tamarind : The fruit of a tropical tree, tamarind is an indispensable spice in most south Indian dishes. India is the only producer of tamarind on a commercial scale.
uses : The fruit pulp is edible and popular. It is used as a spice and is also an important ingredient in sauce. The pulp of a young fruit is very sour and acidic and is most often used as a component of savory dishes. The ripened fruit is sweeter and can be used in desserts and drinks, or as a snack. Traditionally extracts of tamarind fruits and leaves have been added to body lotions. They have also been added to deepen the colour of turmeric- or henna-based red hair dyes. Tamarind extracts are added to face masks, lip balms, body butters and soaps.Tamarind seed oil is used in a similar way to linseed oil. It is suitable for making paints and varnishes.The wood burns at a high temperature so is frequently used as a fuel in the ovens of brick factories which require high temperatures.

Curry leaf : It is a small deciduous tree. Most Indian cuisine cannot do without the subtle flavouring of this highly aromatic leafy spice. Its leaves are highly aromatic and are used as a herb. Curry leaves are extensively used in South India.

Tea : Tea is a drink made from the leaves and buds and is the most important non-alcoholic beverage in the world. It has two basic forms: black tea and green tea.

Turmeric : The dried rhizome of a herbaceous plant, turmeric is closely related to ginger. The spice is also sometimes called 'Indian saffron' thanks to its brilliant yellow colour.
Uses:The medicinal properties of the turmeric have for millennia been known to the ancient Indians and have been expounded in the Ayurvedic texts. Turmeric has found application in canned beverages, baked products, dairy products, ice cream, yogurts, yellow cakes, biscuits, popcorn-color, sweets, cake icings, cereals, sauces, gelatines, direct compression tablets, etc. In combination with Annatto it has been used to colour cheeses, dry mixes, salad dressings, winter butter and margarine.

Vanilla : It is a climbing orchid cultivated for its pleasant flavour. Vanilla flavor in creams, cakes and other foodstuff may be achieved by adding some vanilla extract or by cooking vanilla beans in the liquid preparation.

Ayurveda & Kerala

2008-05-30T10:34:00.000-07:00

Ayurveda, The ancient, time-tested system of Indian medicine that is practiced with the utmost dedication in Kerala.

Ayurveda is a simple, practical science of life, the principles and practices of which evolved through many centuries. Ayurvedic science is based on eternal wisdom of people who acquired the knowledge from experience and meditation. Ayurvedic system is applicable universally to all those seeking harmony and peace. The Classical Ayurvedic texts discuss all forms of science like biology, toxicology and subjects like philosophy and theology.

Ayurveda has its own views about principles and philosophy of life. Ayurvedic system describes man as a universe within himself which is a child of the cosmic forces. His existence is inextricably intertwined to the total cosmic manifestation. The entire universe, as well as the body is made up of five basic elements. These elements are Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space.
The word Ayurveda is composed of two sanskrit terms - Ayu meaning life and Veda meaning knowledge. Therefore Ayurveda means the knowledge of life or science of life. It is defined as the science, through which one can obtain knowledge about the useful and harmful ways of life, happy and miserable types of life, conditions that lead to the above types of life, as well as, the very nature of life.

According to Ayurvedic medicine, human body consists of three primary life forces or biological humors, which are Vatha, Pitha and Kapha. These three doshas are called the tridoshas. A balance among these life forces is essential for proper health. Any imbalance among the tridoshas causes a state of unhealthiness or disease.

Ayurvedic system says that this imbalance is the effect of the constant reaction of the internal environment of body to the changes in external environment. It is only required that we bring back normalcy to the balance of these doshas, to bring back the state of healthiness.
Other basic concepts of Ayurvedic system are the Saptha Dhathus (the bodily tissues), Srotas (Channals), Ama (toxins and filthy matter) and the trinity of life - body, mind and spiritual awareness.

The first step in the method of diagnosis in Ayurvedic form of medicine is to determine the constitution of the person. That means it is the patient who is diagnosed first and not the disease.
The same disease might appear in different forms in two persons because their constitution is different. Due to this variation in constitution the medicines and treatment may be different for two people with the same illness. This difference in treatment methods according to the constitution is essential to bring back the natural balance of the biological humors. The constitutional approach is the essence of the Ayurvedic system. Understanding ones constitution helps one to lead a life style that is most befitting his constitution, thus optimizing his health and creative potential.

Ayurvedic treatments can be classified under two groups - tonification and reduction. Reduction therapies decrease excesses in the body while tonification methods nurture insufficiency in the body. Reduction therapy has two parts called pacification and purification. Pacification is done with herbs, fasting, exercise, sunbathing and exposure to wind. Purification is a special form of therapy for elimination of the disease causing humors. The power of Ayurvedic elimination therapy is its system for guiding the toxins to their sites for elimination. It consist of five parts - The pancha karmas - cleaning enemas, nasal medication, Purgation, Emesis and blood letting. All these require preliminary Ayurvedic practises of oleation and sweating. Kerala a southern state of India, has developed its own Ayurvedic treatment modalities like Dhara, pizhichil, Navarakizhi, Elakizhi, Sirovasthi, Thalapothichil etc. which are highly effective in a number of diseases which include Motor neuron diseases, Arthritis of various kinds, skin diseases, heart diseases, peptic ulcer, Asthama, Peripheral vascular diseases and Gynecological disorders.

Ayurvedic pharmacology is based upon the concepts of rasa, veerya and vipaka. A vast variety of plants, metals, minerals, animals, birds and even mud and sand are used as medicines in Ayurveda.

Knowledge about Ayurvedic type of medicine is divided into eight branches. The branches are 1. Kaya chikilsa (general medicine), 2. Shalya (surgery), 3. Shalakya (ENT and Ophthalmology), 4. Graha (Psychotherapy), 5. Damshitra (toxicology), 6. Bala (Pediatrics and Gynecology), 7. Jara (rejuvenation) and 8. Vrishya (Aphrodisiacs).

Of the above the seventh one, that is rejuvenation therapy is a unique method which Ayurveda performs. Until death our body is engaged in a continuous struggle against the ageing process. Hence the body is called Shareeram - something that degenerates.

Ayurveda is a simple, practical science of life, the principles and practices of which evolved through many centuries.

Ayurvedic science is based on eternal wisdom of people who acquired the knowledge from experience and meditation.Today, Kerala is the only State in India which practices this system of medicine with absolute dedication.

Hotels in Kerala

2008-05-29T21:28:00.000-07:00

Hotels owned by KTDC ( Kerala Tourism Development Corporation )

Aranya Nivas, Thekkady
http://www.ktdc.com/AranyaNivas.htm

Bolgatty Palace, kochi
http://www.ktdc.com/Bolgaty.htm

Water Scapes, Kumarakom, Kottayam
http://www.ktdc.com/WaterScapes.htm

Chithram, Thiruvananthapuram
http://www.ktdc.com/Chaithram.htm

Lake Palace, Thekkady
http://www.ktdc.com/LakePalace.htm

Malabar Mansion, Kozhikode
http://www.ktdc.com/MalabarMansion.htm

Mascot, Periyar
http://www.ktdc.com/Periyar.htm

Samudra, Kovalam
http://www.ktdc.com/Samudra.htm

Tea Country, Munnar
http://www.ktdc.com/Teacounty.htm

Thanneermukkom Ayurvedic Lake Resort
http//www.ktdc.com/ThannerMukkom.htm

Tamarind Hotel, Wayanad
http://www.ktdc.com/TamarindHotel.htm

A Lil About My Beautiful Kerala

2008-04-07T05:24:00.000-07:00

KERALA is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India. To its east and northeast, Kerala borders Tamil Nadu and Karnataka; to its west and south lie the Indian Ocean islands of Lakshadweep and the Maldives, respectively. Kerala is one of four states that compose the linguistic-cultural region known as South India. The principal spoken language is Malayalam, but other languages are also spoken.Natives of Kerala, known as Keralites or Malayalees, thus refer to their land as Keralam. Kerala's tourism industry, among others, also use the phrase God's Own Country.

Time zone : IST (UTC+5:30)
Area : 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi)
Capital : Thiruvananthapuram
Largest city : Thiruvananthapuram
Largest metro : Kochi metropolitan area
District(s) : 14
Population : 31,838,619 (12th) (2001)
Density : 819 /km² (2,121 /sq mi)
Language(s) : Malayalam
Governor : R. L. Bhatia
Chief Minister : V.S. Achuthanandan
Established : November 1, 1956
State symbols of Kerala
Animal : Elephant
Bird : Great Indian Hornbill
Flower : Cassia Fistula (Indian laburnum)
Tree : Coconut
Fruit : Jack fruit
Costume : Sari (women) / Mundu & Shirt (Men)

History

According to a legend, Parasurama, an avatar of Mahavishnu, threw his battle axe into the sea. As a result, the land of Kerala arose and was reclaimed from the waters. During Neolithic times, humans largely avoided Kerala's rainforests and wetlands. There is evidence of the emergence of prehistoric pottery and granite burial monuments in the 10th century BC that resemble their counterparts in Western Europe and the rest of Asia. These were produced by speakers of a proto-Tamil language. Thus, Kerala and Tamil Nadu once shared a common language, ethnicity and culture; this common area was known as Tamilakam. Kerala became a linguistically separate region by the early 14th century. The ancient Cherans, whose mother tongue and court language was Tamil, ruled Kerala from their capital at Vanchi and was the first major recorded kingdom. Allied with the Pallavas, they continually warred against the neighbouring Chola and Pandya kingdoms. A Keralite identity—distinct from the Tamils and associated with the second Chera empire—and the development of Malayalam evolved between the 8th and 14th centuries. In written records, Kerala was first mentioned in the Sanskrit epic Aitareya Aranyaka. Later, figures such as Katyayana, Patanjali, Pliny the Elder, and the unknown author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea displayed familiarity with Kerala. The Chera kings' dependence on trade meant that merchants from West Asia and Southern Europe established coastal posts and settlements in Kerala. Many, especially Jews and Christians, escaped persecution and established the Nasrani Mappila and Muslim Mappila communities. According to several scholars, the Jews first arrived in Kerala in 573 BC. The works of scholars and Eastern Christian writings state that Thomas the Apostle visited Muziris in Kerala in 52 AD to proselytize amongst Kerala's Jewish settlements. However, the first verifiable migration of Jewish-Nasrani families to Kerala is of the arrival of Knai Thoma in 345 AD. Muslim merchants (Malik ibn Dinar) settled in Kerala by the 8th century AD. After Vasco Da Gama's arrival in 1498, the Portuguese gained control of the lucrative pepper trade by subduing Keralite communities and commerce. Conflicts between the cities of Kozhikode (Calicut) and Kochi (Cochin) provided an opportunity for the Dutch to oust the Portuguese. In turn, the Dutch were ousted at the 1741 Battle of Colachel by Marthanda Varma of Travancor(Thiruvathaamkoor). Hyder Ali, heading the Mysore, conquered northern Kerala, capturing Kozhikode in 1766. In the late 18th century, Tipu Sultan, Ali’s son and successor, launched campaigns against the expanding British East India Company; these resulted in two of the four Anglo-Mysore Wars. He ultimately ceded Malabar District and South Kanara to the Company in the 1790s. The Company then forged tributary alliances with Kochi (1791) and Travancore (1795). Malabar and South Kanara became part of the Madras Presidency. Kerala saw comparatively little defiance of the British Raj. Nevertheless, several rebellions occurred, including the 1946 Punnapra-Vayalar revolt, and leaders like Velayudan Thampi Dalava, Kunjali Marakkar, and Pazhassi Raja earned their place in history and folklore. Many actions, spurred by such leaders as Sree Narayana Guru and Chattampi Swamikal, instead

protested such conditions as untouchability; notable was the 1924 Vaikom Satyagraham. In 1936, Chitra Thirunal Bala Rama Varma of Travancore issued the Temple Entry Proclamation that opened Hindu temples to all castes; Cochin and Malabar soon did likewise. The 1921 Moplah Rebellion involved Mappila Muslims rioting against Hindus and the British Raj. After India gained its independence in 1947, Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin on July 1, 1949. On January 1, 1950 (Republic Day), Travancore-Cochin was recognised as a state. The Madras Presidency was organised to form Madras State several years prior, in 1947. Finally, the Government of India's November 1, 1956 States Reorganisation Act inaugurated the state of Kerala, incorporating Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu), and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara. A new legislative assembly was also created, for which elections were first held in 1957. These resulted in a communist-led government—one of the world's earliest—headed by E.M.S. Namboodiripad. Subsequent social reforms favoured tenants and labourers. As a result, living standards, education, and life expectancy improved dramatically.

Climate

With 120–140 rainy days per year, Kerala has a wet and maritime tropical climate influenced by the seasonal heavy rains of the southwest summer monsoon.In eastern Kerala, a drier tropical wet and dry climate prevails. Kerala's rainfall averages 3,107 mm annually. Some of Kerala's drier lowland regions average only 1,250 mm; the mountains of eastern Idukki district receive more than 5,000 mm of orographic precipitation, the highest in the state. In summers, most of Kerala is prone to gale force winds, storm surges, cyclone-related torrential downpours, occasional droughts, and rises in sea level and storm activity resulting from global warming. Kerala’s maximum daily temperature averages 36.7 °C; the minimum is 19.8 °C. Mean annual temperatures range from 25.0–27.5 °C in the coastal lowlands to 20.0–22.5 °C in the highlands.

Flora and fauna

Almost a fourth of India's 10,000 plant species are found in the state. Among the almost 4,000 flowering plant species (1,272 of which are endemic to Kerala and 159 threatened) are 900 species of highly sought medicinal plants. Altogether, 24% of Kerala is forested. Altogether, 24% of Kerala is forested. Two of the world’s Ramsar Convention listed wetlands—Lake Sasthamkotta and the Vembanad-Kol wetlands—are in Kerala, as well as 1455.4 km² of the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Subjected to extensive clearing for cultivation in the 20th century, much of Kerala's forest cover is now protected from clearfelling. Kerala's fauna are notable for their diversity and high rates of endemism: 102 species of mammals (56 of which are endemic), 476 species of birds, 202 species of freshwater fishes, 169 species of reptiles (139 of them endemic), and 89 species of amphibians (86 endemic). The Bengal Tiger inhabits Kerala's eastern forests. Eastern Kerala’s windward mountains shelter tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests, which are common in the Western Ghats. Here, sonokeling (Indian rosewood), anjili, mullumurikku (Erythrina), and Cassia number among the more than 1,000 species of trees in Kerala. Other plants include bamboo, wild black pepper, wild cardamom, the calamus rattan palm (a type of climbing palm), and aromatic vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides). Living among them are such fauna as Asian Elephant, Bengal Tiger, Leopard (Panthera pardus), Nilgiri Tahr, Common Palm Civet, and Grizzled Giant Squirrel. Reptiles include the king cobra, viper, python, and crocodile. Kerala's birds are legion—Peafowl, the Great Hornbill, Indian Grey Hornbill, Indian Cormorant, and Jungle Myna are several emblematic species. In lakes, wetlands, and waterways, fish such as kadu (stinging catfish and Choottachi (Orange chromide—Etroplus maculatus; valued as an aquarium specimen) are found.

Subdivisions

Kerala's fourteen districts are distributed among Kerala's three historical regions: Malabar (northern Kerala), Kochi (central Kerala), and Travancore (southern Kerala). Kerala's modern-day districts (listed in order from north to south) correspond to them as follows: Malabar: Kasaragod, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad Kochi: Thrissur, Ernakulam Travancore: Kottayam, Idukki, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kollam, Thiruvananthapuram Moreover, Kerala's 14 revenue districts are further divided into 62 taluks, 1453 revenue villages and 1007 Gram panchayats. Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) is the state capital and most populous city. Kochi is the most populous urban agglomeration and the major port city in Kerala. Kozhikode and Thrissur are the other major commercial centres of the state. The High Court of Kerala is at Ernakulam. Kerala's districts, which serve as the administrative regions for taxation purposes, are further subdivided into 63 taluks; these have fiscal and administrative powers over settlements within their borders, including maintenance of local land records.

Government

Kerala is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy; universal suffrage is granted to state residents. There are three branches of government. Kerala has 140 Assembly constituencies. The state sends 20 members to the Lok Sabha and 9 to the Rajya Sabha, the Indian Parliament's upper house. Like other Indian states, the constitutional head of state is the Governor of Kerala, who is appointed by the President of India. The executive authority is headed by the Chief Minister of Kerala, who is the de facto head of state and is vested with most of the executive powers; the Legislative Assembly's majority party leader is appointed to this position by the Governor. The Council of Ministers, which answers to the Legislative Assembly, has its members appointed by the Governor; the appointments receive input from the Chief Minister. The judiciary comprises the Kerala High Court (including a Chief Justice combined with 26 permanent and two additional (pro tempore, justices) and a system of lower courts. The High Court of Kerala is the highest court for the state; it also decides cases from the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. The state's 2005–2006 budget was 219 billion INR. The state government's tax revenues (excluding the shares from Union tax pool) amounted to 111,248 million INR in 2005, up from 63,599 million in 2000. Its non-tax revenues (excluding the shares from Union tax pool) of the Government of Kerala as assessed by the Indian Finance Commissions reached 10,809 million INR in 2005, nearly double the 6,847 million INR revenues of 2000. However, Kerala's high ratio of taxation to gross state domestic product (GSDP) has not alleviated chronic budget deficits and unsustainable levels of government debt, impacting social services.

Politics
Kerala is one of the few regions in the world where communist parties are democratically elected in a parliamentary democracy. Compared with most other Indians, Keralites are well versed and keen participants in the political process; many elections are decided by razor-thin margins of victory. Strikes, protests, rallies, and marches are ubiquitous. At present, the LDF is the ruling coalition in government; V.S. Achuthanandan of the CPI(M) is the Chief Minister of Kerala and Oommen Chandy of the UDF is the Chief Opposition leader.

Economy
Kerala's economy largely operated under welfare based democratic socialist principles. In recent years, the state has liberalised its increasingly mixed economy, allowing greater participation by the free market and foreign direct investment. Kerala's nominal gross domestic product (as of 2004–2005) is an estimated 89451.99 crore INR, while recent GDP growth (9.2% in 2004–2005 and 7.4% in 2003–2004) has been robust compared to historical averages (2.3% annually in the 1980s and between 5.1% and 5.99% in the 1990s). Nevertheless, relatively few major corporations and manufacturing plants choose to operate in Kerala. This is mitigated by remittances sent home by overseas Keralites, which contributes around 20% of state GDP. Kerala's per capita GDP of 11,819 INR is significantly higher than the all India average, although it still lies far below the world average. Additionally, Kerala's Human Development Index and standard of living statistics are the nation's best. This apparent paradox—high human development and low economic development—is often dubbed the Kerala phenomenon or the Kerala model of development, and arises mainly from Kerala's strong service sector.

Transport
Kerala has 145,704 kilometers (90,539 mi) of roads (4.2% of India's total). This translates to about 4.62 kilometers (2.87 mi) of road per thousand population, compared to an all India average of 2.59 kilometers (1.61 mi). Virtually all of Kerala's villages are connected by road. Traffic in Kerala has been growing at a rate of 10–11% every year, resulting in high traffic and ressure on the roads. Kerala's road density is nearly four times the national average, reflecting the state's high population density. Trivandrum Central Railway Station. India's national highway network includes a Kerala-wide total of 1,524 kilometers (947 mi), which is 2.6% of the national total. There are eight designated national highways in the state. The Kerala StateTransport Project (KSTP), which includes the GIS-based Road Information and Management Project (RIMS), is responsible for maintaining and expanding the 1,600 kilometers (994 mi) of roadways that compose the state highways system; it also oversees major district roads. Most of Kerala's west coast is accessible through two national highways, NH 47, and NH 17. The state has major international airports at Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, and Kozhikode, that link the state with the rest of the nation and the world. The Cochin International Airport at Kochi is the first international airport in India that was built without Central Government funds, and is also the country's first publicly owned airport. The backwaters traversing the state are an important mode of inland navigation. The Indian Railways' Southern Railway line runs throughout the state, connecting all major towns and cities. Kerala's major railway stations are Trivandrum Central, Kollam Junction, Ernakulam Junction, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Shoranur
Junction, and Palakkad.

Health
Kerala's healthcare system has garnered international acclaim. UNICEF and the World Health Organization designating Kerala the world's first "baby-friendly state". Representative of this condition, more than 95% of Keralite births are hospital-delivered. Kerala's female-to-male ratio (1.058) is significantly higher than that of the rest of India. However, Kerala's morbidity rate is
higher than that of any other Indian state—118 (rural Keralites) and 88 (urban) per 1,000 people. Kerala's 13.3% prevalence of low birth weight is substantially higher than that of First World nations.

Education
Schools and colleges in Kerala are either run by the government or by private trusts and individuals. The schools are each affiliated with either the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the Kerala State Education Board. English is the medium of instruction in most private schools; though government run schools offer both English and Malayalam. After completing their secondary education, which involves ten years of schooling, students typically enroll at Higher Secondary
School in one of the three streams—liberal arts, commerce or science. Upon completing the required coursework, the student can enroll in general or professional degree programmes. Thiruvananthapuram is one of the state's major academic hubs; it hosts the University of Kerala. Thrissur can be called as the Educational Capital of Kerala as Coimbatore to Tamil Nadu. Kottayam also acts as a main educational hub. According to the 1991 census, Kottayam District of Kerala is the first district to achieve highest literacy rate in the whole of India. Kozhikode is home to two of the premier educational institutions in the country; the IIMK, one of the seven Indian Institutes of Management, and the only National Institute of Technology in Kerala, the NITC.

Culture
Kerala's culture is derived from both a greater Tamil-heritage region known as Tamilakam and southern coastal Karnataka. Later, Kerala's culture was elaborated upon through centuries of contact with neighboring and overseas cultures. Native performing arts include koodiyattom, kathakali—from katha ("story") and kali ("performance")—and its offshoot Kerala natanam, koothu (akin to stand-up comedy), mohiniaattam ("dance of the enchantress"), thullal, padayani, and theyyam. Other forms of art are more religious or tribal in nature. These include chavittu nadakom, oppana (originally from Malabar), which combines dance, rhythmic hand clapping, and ishal vocalisations. However, many of these art forms largely play to tourists or at youth festivals, and are not as popular among most ordinary Keralites. These people look to more contemporary art and performance styles, including those employing mimicry and parody. Kerala's music also has ancient roots. Carnatic music dominates Keralite traditional music. This was the result of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma's popularisation of the genre in the 19th century.
Raga-based renditions known as sopanam accompany kathakali performances. Melam (including the paandi and panchari variants) is a more percussive style of music; it is performed at Kshetram centered festivals using the chenda. Melam ensembles comprise up to 150 musicians, and performances may last up to four hours. Panchavadyam is a different form of percussion ensemble, in which up to 100 artists use five types of percussion instrument. Kerala has various styles of folk and tribal music. The popular music of Kerala is dominated by the filmi music of Indian cinema. Kerala's visual arts range from traditional murals to the works of Raja Ravi Varma, the state's most renowned painter. Kerala has its own Malayalam calendar, which is used to plan agricultural and religious activities. Kerala's cuisine is typically served as a sadhya on green banana leaves. Such dishes as idli, payasam, pulisherry, puttucuddla, puzhukku, rasam, and sambar are typical. Keralites—both men and women alike—traditionally don flowing and unstitched garments. These include the mundu, a loose piece of cloth wrapped around men's waists. Women typically wear the sari, a long and elaborately wrapped banner of cloth, wearable in various styles.

Language and literature
The predominant spoken language in Kerala is Malayalam, most of whose speakers live in Kerala. Malayalam literature is ancient in origin, and includes such figures as the 14th century Niranam poets (Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), and the 17th century poet Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry. The "triumvirate of poets" (Kavithrayam), Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer, are recognised for moving Keralite poetry away from archaic sophistry and metaphysics, and towards a more lyrical mode. In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith awardees like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillaiand M. T. Vasudevan Nair have made valuable contributions to the Malayalam literature. Later, such Keralite writers as O. V. Vijayan, Kamaladas, M. Mukundan, and Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy, whose 1996 semi-autobiographical bestseller The God of Small Things is set in the Kottayam town of Ayemenem, have gained international recognition.

Media
Dozens of newspapers are published in Kerala; they are printed in nine major languages.The principal languages of publication are Malayalam and English. The most widely circulating Malayalam-language newspapers include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Deepika, Kerala Kaumudi, and Desabhimani. Among major Malayalam periodicals are India Today Malayalam, Vanitha, Veedu, Gruhalakshmi, Chithrabhumi, Kanyaka, and Bhashaposhini. Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Multi system operators provide a mix of Malayalam, English, and international channels via cable television. All India Radio, the national radio service, reaches much of Kerala via its Thiruvananthapuram 'A' Malayalam-language broadcaster. BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Vodafone and Airtel compete to provide cellular phone services. Broadband internet is available in most of the towns and cities and is provided by different agencies like the state-run Kerala Telecommunications (which is run by BSNL) and by other private companies like Asianet Satellite communications, VSNL. Dial-up access is provided throughout the state by BSNL and other providers. A substantial Malayalam film industry effectively competes against both Bollywood and Hollywood. Television (especially "mega serials" and cartoons) and the Internet have affected Keralite culture. Yet Keralites maintain high rates of newspaper and magazine subscriptions; 50% spend an average of about seven hours a week reading novels and other books. A sizeable "people's science" movement has taken root in the state, and such activities as writers' cooperatives are becoming increasingly common.

Sports

Several ancient ritualised arts are Keralite in origin. These include kalaripayattu—kalari ("place", "threshing floor", or "battlefield") and payattu ("exercise" or "practice"). Among the world's oldest martial arts, oral tradition attributes kalaripayattu's emergence to Parasurama. Other ritual arts include theyyam and poorakkali. However, larger numbers of Keralites follow sports such as cricket, kabaddi, soccer, and badminton. Dozens of large stadiums, including Kochi's Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium and Thiruvananthapuram's Chandrashekaran Nair Stadium, attest to the mass appeal of such sports among Keralites. Kerala has been the athletics powerhouse of India for decades. Several Keralite athletes have attained world-class status, including P. T. Usha, Suresh Babu, Shiny Wilson, K. M. Beenamol, M. D. Valsamma and Anju Bobby George.
Like the rest of India, cricket is the most popular sport in the state. However, the state has an illustrious history in other sports and games, most notably football and athletics.

Tourism
Kerala, situated on the lush and tropical Malabar Coast, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Named as one of the "ten paradises of the world" and "50 places of a lifetime" by the National Geographic Traveler magazine, Kerala is especially known for its ecotourism initiatives. Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demographics, has made Kerala one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the state's tourism industry is a major contributor to the state's economy. Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a relatively unknown destination; most tourist circuits focused on North India. Aggressive marketing campaigns launched by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation, the government agency that oversees tourism prospects of the state, laid the foundation for the growth of the tourism industry. In the decades that followed, Kerala's tourism industry was able to transform the state into one of the niche holiday destinations in India. The tagline God's Own Country, originally coined by Vipin Gopal, has been widely used in Kerala's tourism promotions and soon became synonymous with the state. In 2006, Kerala attracted 8.5 million tourist arrivals, an increase of 23.68% over the previous year, making the state one of the fastest-growing destinations in the world. Kovalam Beach, TrivandrumPopular attractions in the state include the beaches at Kovalam, Cherai and Varkala; the hill stations of Munnar, Nelliampathi, Ponmudi and Wayanad; and national parks and wildlife sanctuaries at Periyar and Eravikulam National Park. The "backwaters" region, which comprises an extensive network of interlocking rivers, lakes, and canals that centre on Alleppey, Kumarakom, and Punnamada (where the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race is held in August), also see heavy tourist traffic. Heritage sites, such as the Padmanabhapuram Palace and the Mattancherry Palace, are also visited. Cities such as Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram are popular centres for their shopping and traditional theatrical performances. During early summer, the Thrissur Pooram is conducted, attracting foreign tourists who are largely drawn by the festival's elephants and celebrants.