Abhi's blog

2012-07-26T08:48:00.003-07:00

MCA ENTRANCE SYLLABUS

Syllabus for MCA Entrance Examination

Entrance Test shall have the following components: Mathematical Ability, Computer Science, Logical Reasoning, and English Comprehension

Syllabus for entrance test is given below:

Mathematics: Mathematics at the level of B. Sc. program of the University of Delhi. Computer Science: Introduction to Computer organization including data representation, Boolean circuits and their simplification, basics of combinational circuits; C - programming: Data types including user defined data types, constants and variables, operators and expressions, control structures, modularity: use of functions, scope, arrays.

Logical ability & English Comprehension: Problem-solving using basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry and data analysis. Correct usage of English Language and Reading comprehension.

The syllabus for the M.Sc. (Computer Science) Entrance Test would be as follows:

Computer Science

Discrete Structures: Sets, functions, relations, counting; generating functions, recurrence relations and their solutions; algorithmic complexity, growth of functions and asymptotic notations.

Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms: Data types, control structures, functions/modules, object-oriented programming concepts: sub-typing, inheritance, classes and subclasses, etc. Basic data structures like stacks, linked list, queues, trees, binary search tree, AVL and B+ trees; sorting, searching, order statistics, graph algorithms, greedy algorithms and dynamic programming

Computer System Architecture: Boolean algebra and computer arithmetic, flip-flops, design of combinational and sequential circuits, instruction formats, addressing modes, interfacing peripheral devices, types of memory and their organization, interrupts and exceptions.

Operating Systems: Basic functionalities, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, multithreading, timesharing, real-time operating system; processor management, process synchronization, memory management, device management, file management, security and protection; case study: Linux.

Software Engineering: Software process models, requirement analysis, software specification, software testing, software project management techniques, quality assurance.

DBMS and File Structures: File organization techniques, database approach, data models, DBMS architecture; data independence, E-R model, relational data models, SQL, normalization and functional dependencies.

Computer Networks: ISO-OSI and TCP/IP models, basic concepts like transmission media, signal encoding, modulation techniques, multiplexing, error detection and correction; overview of LAN/MAN/ WAN; data link, MAC, network, transport and application layer protocol features; network security.

Mathematics

Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, cosets, Lagrange’s theorem, rings and their properties, commutative rings, integral domains and fields, sub rings, ideals and their elementary properties. Vector space, subspace and its properties, linear independence and dependence of vectors, matrices, rank of a matrix, reduction to normal forms, linear homogeneous and non-homogenous equations, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, characteristic roots and vectors. De Moivre’s theorem, relation between roots and coefficient of nth degree equation, solution to cubic and biquadratic equation, transformation of equations.

Calculus: Limit and continuity, differentiability of functions, successive differentiation, Leibnitz’s theorem, partial differentiation, Eider’s theorem on homogenous functions, tangents and normal, asymptotes, singular points, curve tracing, reduction formulae, integration and properties of definite integrals, quadrature, rectification of curves, volumes and surfaces of solids of revolution.

Geometry: System of circles, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, classification and tracing of curves of second degree, sphere, cones, cylinders and their properties.

Vector Calculus: Differentiation and partial differentiation of a vector function, derivative of sum, dot product and cross product, gradient, divergence and curl.

Differential Equations: Linear, homogenous and bi-homogenous equations, separable equations, first order higher degree equations, algebraic properties of solutions, Wronskian-its properties and applications, linear homogenous equations with constant coefficients, solution of second order differential equations. Linear non-homogenous differential equations, the method of undetermined coefficients, Euler’s equations, simultaneous differential equations and total differential equations.

Real Analysis: Neighborhoods, open and closed sets, limit points and Bolzano Weiestrass theorem, continuous functions, sequences and their; properties, limit superior and limit inferior of a sequence, infinite series and their convergence. Rolle’s theorem, mean value theorem, Taylor’s theorem, Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series, maxima and minima, indeterminate forms.

Probability and Statistics: Measures of dispersion and their properties, skewness and kurtosis, introduction to probability, theorems of total and compound probability, Bayes theorem random variables, and probability distributions and density functions, mathematical expectation, moment generating functions, cumulants and their relation with moments, binomial Poisson and normal distributions and their properties, correlation and regression, method of least squares, introduction to sampling and sampling distributions like Chi-square,t and Fdistributions, test of significance based on t, Chi-square and Fdistributions.

*As per MCA Entrance Notification 2012

Note :-
The above information has been taken from the website of respective university/institute. Sanmacs India is no way responsible for the authenticity of data provided here in. For any discrepancy, the student should contact respective university/institute.

Representing you notes on operationg system

2012-07-26T08:26:00.002-07:00

History of Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the hardware and software
resources of a computer. The OS performs basic tasks, such as controlling and allocating memory,
prioritizing the processing of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating
networking, and managing files.
The first computers did not have operating systems. However, software tools for managing
the system and simplifying the use of hardware appeared very quickly afterwards, and gradually
expanded in scope. By the early 1960s, commercial computer vendors were supplying quite
extensive tools for streamlining the development, scheduling, and execution of jobs on batch
processing systems. Examples were produced by UNIVAC and Control Data Corporation, amongst
others.
Through the 1960s, several major concepts were developed, driving the development of
operating systems. The development of the IBM System/360 produced a family of mainframe
computers available in widely differing capacities and price points, for which a single operating
system OS/360 was planned (rather than developing ad-hoc programs for every individual model).
This concept of a single OS spanning an entire product line was crucial for the success of
System/360 and, in fact, IBM's current mainframe operating systems are distant descendants of this
original system; applications written for the OS/360 can still be run on modern machines. OS/360
also contained another important advance: the development of the hard disk permanent storage
device (which IBM called DASD). Another key development was the concept of time-sharing: the
idea of sharing the resources of expensive computers amongst multiple computer users interacting
in real time with the system. Time sharing allowed all of the users to have the illusion of having
exclusive access to the machine; the Multics timesharing system was the most famous of a number
of new operating systems developed to take advantage of the concept.
Multics, particularly, was an inspiration to a number of operating systems developed in the
1970s, notably Unix. Another commercially-popular minicomputer operating system was VMS.
The first microcomputers did not have the capacity or need for the elaborate operating systems that
had been developed for mainframes and minis; minimalistic operating systems were developed.
One notable early operating system was CP/M, which was supported on many early
microcomputers and was largely cloned in creating MS-DOS, which became wildly popular as the
operating system chosen for the IBM PC (IBM's version of it was called IBM-DOS or PC-DOS), its
successors making Microsoft one of the world's most profitable companies. The major alternative
throughout the 1980s in the microcomputer market was Mac OS, tied intimately to the Apple
Macintosh computer.
By the 1990s, the microcomputer had evolved to the point where, as well as extensive GUI
facilities, the robustness and flexibility of operating systems of larger computers became
increasingly desirable. Microsoft's response to this change was the development of Windows NT,
which served as the basis for Microsoft's entire operating system line starting in 1999. Apple rebuilt
their operating system on top of a Unix core as Mac OS X, released in 2001. Hobbyist-developed
reimplementations of Unix, assembled with the tools from the GNU project, also became popular;
versions based on the Linux kernel are by far the most popular, with the BSD derived UNIXes
holding a small portion of the server market.
The growing complexity of embedded devices has a growing trend to use embedded
operating systems on them.

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2012-07-17T03:07:00.001-07:00

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2012-07-17T01:57:00.001-07:00

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2012-07-17T01:53:00.001-07:00