Agrisolution

How to grow vegetables at home | A complete guide for those who don't have land but still want to grow vegetables

2023-03-11T21:26:00.002+05:30

Here u can see, how I grow vegetables at my home

Meaning Of Farm Mechanisation

2023-01-10T18:08:00.018+05:30

Farm Mechanisation:-

Farm Mechanisation refers to the application of latest tools and technologies for the series of operation involved in the production of crops. The main aim of Farm Mechanisation is to carry out all the operations in a better way to improve productivity as well as to enhance production. Generally two types of Mechanisation is seen.

Partial Mechanisation
Complete Mechanisation

Partial Mechanisation:-

It means application of farm machineries in only some of the farm practices like tillage and threshing. Generally this type of mechanisation is seen on developing countries.

Complete Mechanisation:-

It means application of latest tools and technologies (farm machineries) in all the farm operations from tillage to harvest to post harvest practices. Complete Mechanisation is most important for successful farming. This type of mechanisation is mostly seen in developed countries.

Why Farm Mechanisation Is Necessary?

Farm Mechanisation is necessary for various reasons which are described below:-

Population is increasing rapidly. So, inorder to feed such a growing population we need to adopt intensive farming and intensive farming requires machineries in the farm for food production.
When farmer go for multiple cropping system with high yielding varities, it needs all types of farm machineries to complete all the operations in time to obtain higher yield efficiently and economically. This is possible only through Farm Mechanisation.
Farm Mechanisation is the best solution of human workforce scarcity. It removes the drudgery of labour to a great extent. A farmer has to walk around 66 km while ploughing 1 hectare land with bullocks plough.
Various inputs are used to produce food. Inorder to make efficient and proper use of these inputs; one has to apply farm machineries to do all work.
Farming is time consuming job. We have seen most of women and children work in the field. So with Farm Mechanisation women can be engaged in another work and children can go for study.

Some Of Farm Machineries With Their Work Are Listed Below:-

Rice Transplanter:- Rice Transplanter brought great revolution in agriculture. It is used to transplant paddy seedlings that are grown in a tray or well organised nursery. Generally seedlings of 12-14 days are transplanted using it. It can either be riding type or walking type. In riding type, it comes in two different form either 6 rows or 8 rows.

Riding Type Rice Transplanter

Tractor:- Tractor is the main source of farm power. Tractor with the different attachment can do different work efficiently in less period of time.

Tractor

Combine Harvester:- Combine harvester is used to harvest and thresh the crops simultaneously.

Combine Harvester

3-Row paddy weeder:- This machine is used for removing the unwanted plants present on paddy fields.

3-Rows Paddy Weeder

Baler:- Baler is the agriculture machine that is used to bale the paddy straw. It collect the threshed hey that are left in the field by combine harvester and bind it to make compressed bale.

Baler

Boom Sprayer:- It is generally used for the application of insecticide, pesticides and herbicide in the agriculture field.

Boom Sprayer

Maize planter:- It is the tractor mounted implement that is used to plant maize. Different types of maize planter is available in the market.

Maize planter

Potato planter:- It is also tractor mounted implement used for planting potatoes.

Potato planter

Potato digger:- It is tractor operated machine that is used to harvest potatoes.

Potato digger

Garlic planter:- It is also a tractor operated machine that is used to plant garlic cloves in a fixed spacing and depth.
Tillage implements:- There are different tillage implements that are used
to prepare land for sowing. It is of two types.
Primary tillage implements and
Secondary tillage implements.

Meaning of rooftop farming || Complete Guide

2022-12-02T00:34:00.007+05:30

If you are willing to grow your own food but don't have land; then don't worry you are at right place. This article will guide you to grow your food yourself.

Rooftop Farming:-

The word "Rooftop Farming" dictates the cultivation of different green, fresh fruit and vegetables in the roof of the buildings which is generally adopted in the areas where there is no adequate land for farming. Generally people residing in the areas where there is no space for farming can utilise their roof space and leisure time to cultivate their own food. A family can grow different vegetables like spinach, tomatoes, onion, garlic, brinjal, okra, pumpkin, bitter gurd, bottle gurd, etc through out the year as per need. It can be practiced either on monofunctional buildings or multifunctional buildings. The building that is especially build for growing is called monofunctional building. In this type of building plants can be grown even inside. Similarly multifunctional buildings are those buildings that are used as residents and for farming. In this type, plants are only grown on the top.

Rooftop Farming

Need Of Rooftop Farming:-

With the increasing population and urbanization the cultivable land is getting insufficient to fulfill the daily demand of fresh fruits and vegetables. So, to fulfill the gap between demand and supply we have to adopt another means of growing i.e Rooftop Farming. Not only this; whatever you are eating from the market are full of slow poison. So, if you are health conscious; try growing your own food organically using the waste that is produced in your home.

Clean and fresh fruits and vegetables play very significant role in human health. It provides various nutrients like carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibres. These all nutrients play various role in human body. Thus, we can say that fresh & clean fruits and vegetables are very important in our daily life. But with the increase of rapid population & modernization of agriculture, there has been excessive use of chemical fertilizers with the view of increasing the productivity to feed the growing population. Thus, the consequence is that it has increased the productivity at the same time it has also degraded the quality of soil as well as the agricultural products. Chemicals from chemical fertilizers entered the food chain causing various problems in human beings. These chemicals acts as slow poison. Thus, what we are eating today is not clean and fresh in sence that it contains some harmful chemicals. The best possible solution to get fruits and vegetables free from these harmful chemicals is to grow our own food own self through Rooftop Farming.

Requirements for successful Rooftop Farming:-

Roof space:- First and foremost you must have the space on the top of your home or balcony with the better facilities of water for daily irrigation. It should also have proper sunlight penetrations.
Grow bags, Pots:- You can easily purchase different types of grow bags or pots for growing vegetables according to area and availability
Growing media:- Growing media can be anything according to the availability. You can either use mixture of compost and cocopit or mixture of compost and soil but you must be careful before using it. You must ensure that the mixture you are going to use is free from chemicals and various pests.
Better irrigation systems:- when you are going for Rooftop Farming you must ensure that you have better arrangements for daily irrigation as it may fail or wilt if it don't get water even for a single day as it is more exposed to intense sunlight. For daily irrigation you may collect the used water for daily irrigation. You can use any irrigation methods according to size and availability but you must have a hand sprayer that can be used for irrigation and also for nutrients and pesticides application (organic).
Intercultural operation tools:- when you are starting Rooftop Farming you have to have some of the tools that can help you to loose the growing media, removing unwanted plants, trimming or training plants. These tools help you to manage and maintain your plants and obtain good amount of produce on daily basis.
Knowledge and skills:- Rooftop Farming is not a big deal. It is same as Growing plants on land but you must observe them carefully. Management is the most important for successful Rooftop Farming and obtaining good amount of produce.

Types of Rooftop Farming:-

Generally there are two different methods of Rooftop Farming. One is closed structured Rooftop Farming in which protective structure is made for covering the top which protects plants form extreme weather . This methods of farming is bit costly but helps to grow vegetables throughout the year. Second one is open air Rooftop Farming. This one is very easy to construct and less expensive. So, for this reason this type of Rooftop Farming can be adopted by the one who don't want to expense more.

Importance of Rooftop Farming:-

Unused space is used for growing own food.
Family can get fresh and healthy vegetables throughout the year.
Family can decrease their expenditure and can add to their income.
Family can utilise the leisure time and can spend happy time together.
It can ensure food security by supplying fresh fruits and vegetables throughout the year.
It contributes to environmental sustainability and natural resources management.
It also helps to maintain the optimum temperature of the building.
It helps to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide and increase the amount of oxygen which directly benefit our health.

What is Kitchen Garden || What Is Importance And Benifits Of Kitchen Garden

2020-09-19T08:31:00.006+05:30

Kitchen garden:-

The term kitchen garden refers to a small piece of land around the house where a family can grow their own vegetables with the combined effort of family members. Seasonal & unseasonal production of vegetables is based on geography, structure of soil, climate & productivity. One can grow vegetables with the supply of kitchen wastes i.e remaining of fruits and vegetables as well as waste water for irrigation. One can increase the productivity of their garden with the aid of organic fertilizer as well as vermicompost. Thus, one can completely bycot the use of chemical fertilizers. Hence the product obtained from kitchen garden is totally free from harmful chemicals.

A family can grow different vegetables like spinach, tomatoes, onion, garlic, brinjal, okra, pumpkin, bitter gurd, bottle gurd, etc through out the year as per need. Beside vegetables,a family can also plants some fruits plants if there is sufficient space. It can be managed easily through ploughing & mixing compost manure.

Kitchen garden

Needs of kitchen garden:-

But with the increase of rapid population & modernization of agriculture, there has been excessive use of chemical fertilizers with the view of increasing the productivity to feed the growing population. Thus, the consequence is that it has increased the productivity at the same time it has also degraded the quality of soil as well as the agricultural products. Chemicals from chemical fertilizers entered the food chain causing various problems in human beings. These chemicals acts as slow poison. For example blue baby syndrome is due to the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural field. Thus, what we are eating today is not clean and fresh in sence that it contains some harmful chemicals. The best possible solution to get fruits and vegetables free from these harmful chemicals is to grow our own food own self through kitchen gardening.

Vegetables that can be grown according to seasons:-

There are three agricultural season. They are:- rabi season, kharif season and zaid season.

Rabi season:- During this season we can cultivate vegetables like carrot, cauliflower, capsicum, onion, garlic, green peas, spinach(palak), brinjal,potatoes, and so on.

Kharif season:- During this season we can grow vegetables like chillies, cucumber, bottle gurd, bitter guard, beans, luffa, long melon and so on.

Zaid season:- In this season you can grow vegetables like bitter gurd, pumpkin, moong dal, cucumber and so on.

Requirements for successful kitchen gardening:-

Land:- Selection of proper land with sufficient sunlight is the most important for successful gardening. Similarly land should not have water logging problem.
Ploughing:- Ploughing of land can be done either with spade or traditional plough. After ploughing land, it should be layout as per requirements.
Weeding:- Weeds are the unwanted plants so it must be removed on regular basis.
Irrigation:- Watering of plants should be done regularly as per requirements of plants for better growth, development and yield. There are various methods of irrigation like surface irrigation, sub-surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drift irrigation. You can choose any method as per requirement.
Spacing:- Spacing plays vital role in the growth of crops. So, better rows to row and plants to plants spacing should be provided.
Tools:- Various tools are required to manage the garden. So, one must have following tools like spade, pick axe, hoe, hand sprayer, rode can, rose, secature.
Fence:- fencing most be done with available materials to protect from domestic animals. Fences on all side should be done to trained climbers vegetables.

Shape and size of kitchen garden:- Shape and size of kitchen garden depends on following things:-

Availability of land
Number of person in family
Leisure time for the care of garden

Kitchen gardening on raised bed:- It is better to grow vegetables on raised bed as it has various advantages over the plain field gardening. Some of the advantages are:-

There is minimum growth of weeds.
Vegetables can be grown easily and efficiently during rainy season also as there is no water logging problem.
Working and growing vegetables on raised bed is easy and convinent as work gets divided with the number of beds.

It has some disadvantages too which are listed below:-

The major disadvantage of raised bed gardening over palin field gardening is that there is wastage of field.

The proper and appropriate dimension of a bed is 3m length, 1m width and 15cm height.

Advantages of kitchen garden:-

There is proper utilisation of land around the house.
Regular supply of clean, fresh and toxins free fruits and vegetables around the year.
Better utilization of free time in garden.
No expenditure in buying vegetables.
Proper utilization and management of kitchen waste.
Exercise to the body and mind.

What Is Meant By Hydroponics || Complete Information About Hydroponic

2020-09-04T19:37:00.006+05:30

With the increase in the demand of agricultural products and shrinkage of fertile cultivable land;scientists and agricultural researchers started working on alternative methods of farming. Thus, they founded many new methods of farming or cultivation of crops with highly satisfied results. Among those methods, Hydroponics is one of those. This process of cultivation or farming doesn't come into use overnight. In fact, it has evolved from primitive type of farming and has undergone lots of scientific researches by scientists. And what we have today is modern Hydroponics, which have been globally adopted by the farmers, youth and hydroponics hobbyists.

You may have heard the word "hydroponics" So many times in television, newspaper or through your friends. I think medias have popularized this method of farming. But you may be thinking, how does it works. Well you are at right place. You are about to find your answer.

Hydroponics is a Greek word, made from two word i.e Hydro & Ponos. Where hydro means water and ponos means labour. Thus, working water is it's raw sense.

To define it simply, Hydroponics is the method of Soilless farming in which plants are grown or raise in nutrients rich water solution.

How does it work?

Every process of the cropping is same as that of traditional method of farming but the difference is that in this system plant are grown in nutrients riched media on a coco peat (anchoring media so as does the soil) . This system of farming is mainly done in the artificial environment to provide all the plant requirements as that of nature. The influence of mother nature is ruled out. It can be operated well in the place as long as you are able to provide with what the crops need, crops will grow well.

The major thing in hydroponics is that it replaces soil with water and the growing or anchoring media like coco peat, sand, etc. The micro and macro nutrients are delivered to the crops that have been premixed into water tank, along with high level of oxygen to the crops with the help of submersible pump and air pump respectively. The interval of each action is set by a timer.

There are various hydroponics systems, but all those work in the same principles. Thus we can also say hydroponics is dirt free, space saving, water effective and soilless method of farming either outdoor or indoor.

Materials required in hydroponics:-

PVC pipe fittings
Reservoir
Growing media
Water pump
Air pump
Grow tray
Water testing kit
EC or TDS meter

Who can start hydroponics:-

It can be started by anyone but before starting one must learn some basic about it. This can be started by:-

Farmers
Youths
Agricultural students
Agricultural co-operative society

Where to start:-

This system of farming doesn't require specialized place. You can start on your garden, on the terrace of house, on the backyard of your house. Similarly you can also start it in the greenhouse. Hydroponics perform better in the green house. It is scalable and fits on most of sizes and budgets from small countertop herb systems to backyard garden to full scale farm.

Plants that can be planted:-

Leafy vegetables
Tomatoes
Chive
Basil
Mints
Strawberries
Blueberries
Spring onion

Advantages of hydroponics systems of farming:-

Higher yield compare to that of traditional methods of farming.
Better Utilization of water with minimum wastage.
Better utilization of nutrients.
Minimum or no infection with soil borne as this system excludes use of soil.
Helps in the production of unseasonal crops.
Better growth rate of crops

Disadvantages of hydroponics systems of farming:-

Initial expenses are high.
Requires technical knowledge and skill.
System failure and power outage.
Organic product debate.

What Is Aquaponics || Complete Information About Aquaponics For Beginners

2020-08-31T12:34:00.004+05:30

During the time of rapid population growth and shrinkage of fertile agricultural land, different practices and efforts are made for the better utilization of environmental and it's components. To fulfill the gap between demand and supply different agricultural methods are brought into use. Among these methods, Aquaponics is one of the best method to harness the energy of nature and protect the quality of natural environment.

Now let's talk about "Aquaponics". When we talk about it we must understand it's meaning and concept. Aquaponics means raising of aquatic life i.e fish and agricultural crops at the same time in symbiotic environment. It is the advanced form of hydroponics as aquaculture is included on the same system. It is the redesigned form of two systems of agriculture i.e hydroponics and aquaculture.

Hydroponics + Aquaculture ➡ Aquaponics

The main concept of aquaponics is to integrate two system of agriculture in symbiotic environment. It means the activity of one system helps other system and vice versa. In aquaponics, fish eat and produces ammonia. The beneficial bacteria like Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus, etc convert ammonia into nitrate which is easily available to the plants. The nutrients present in the solution is taken by the plant.

One of the coolest things about aquaponics is that it mimics or copy natural ecosystem. It symbolises the relationship between aquatic life, bacteria, plants and nutrients medium that is growing as a unit in aquatic ecosystem all over the world. Through this bio-integration, aquaponics harness the energy of every single components. Exchanging the fish waste byproduct as a food for the bacteria; to be converted into natural plant nutrients and then finally recycling pure and fresh water to the fish. It is just like a nature does for every aquatic ecosystem.

Advantages of aquaponics:-

Aquaponics is considered as a sustainable production system. It presents a series of beneficial features for the environment. Some of the advantages are listed below:-

Aquaponics can be practiced by landless farmer, youths and agricultural students.
It is ecofriendly in nature as there is little or no use of chemical fertilizers. Because fish byproduct after conversion by bacteria acts as fertilizers.
Efficient use of water.
High yield and better return.
Soil borne diseases and insect pests infestation in minimum.
It uses best of all the growing techniques, utilizing the waste of one to benifit another mimicking a natural ecosystem. So this is game changer system of cultivation.
Multiple crops and fish can be harvested from the same system.
Fish can be harvested as a additional food or source of revenue.
Unlike hydroponics, aquaponics never requires discharging water.
It can be started anywhere. You can put it on garden, greenhouse, in basement, on terrace, etc.
The most important thing is that you get to harvest both crops and fish from your garden.

Disadvantages of aquaponics:-

Initial investment is high.
Require skilled and trained manpower.
Artificial ecosystem should be monitored regularly and carefully.
Roots crops can't be grown.

Materials required to start a aquaponics:-

Fish tank
Grow bed
Grow media
Air and water pump
PVC pipe with fittings
Water tasting kit
EC or TDS meter.

Who can start aquaponics:-

It can be started by anyone; who love farming and those who are associated with farming. But before starting aquaponics you must learn some basics of it. It can be started by:-

Farmers
Youths
Agricultural students

Where to start:-

Aquaponics doesn't need specialized place. You can start it on your garden, if you have facility of greenhouse;you can keep it there, on terrace of your house, on your basement. It is scalable and fits on most of sizes and budgets from small countertop herb systems to backyard garden to full scale farm.

Types of aquaponics:-

Primarily there are three different types of aquaponics system. They are:-

Deep Water Culture (DWC)
Media based aquaponics
Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)

What is meaning of soil less farming

2020-08-30T13:52:00.003+05:30

We all know that plants grow in soil but, what is soil? Well, we can say it as most abundant growing medium that provides substratum & also contains some typical macro and micro nutrients needed for plants. In soilless farming, such as hydroponics, we simply deliver these same nutrients through water that have been premixed into water tank, along with high level of oxygen, efficiently to the plants. There is so much to express when it comes to soilless farming. So, the article "Soilless farming" Typically focusses on various heading that are explained below:-

Soilless farming:- As the name suggest, it is the method of growing crops without soil in presence of artificial medium. This type of farming can be used to grow plants at home as well as on a more commercial scale, and are more suitable for vegetables (leafy vegetables, tomatoes), fruits ( mainly strawberries), Aromatic herbs and ornamental plants.

It may sound you pretty amazing but with the advancement of agriculture and it's allied fields;this type of farming has become practically successful with highly satisfied result. We have seen many plants growing in the water in water bottle or on the wooden board since our childhood. Thus we can say that we are very familiar with this type of farming. In this method of farming we highly depends on water along with fertilizers, coco peat and supporting frame.

Types Of Soilless Farming:-

Hydrophonics
Aquaphonics
Aerophonics

Hydrophonics:- In hydrophonics crops like leafy vegetables, tomatoes are grown without soil by using mineral nutrients solution in an aqueous solvent. In this method, coco peat is used for the anchorage of root. The main advantage of this system is that it is free from Soil borne diseases as there is no use of soil.
Aquaphonics:- Aquaphonics, refers to the combination of hydrophonics and aquaculture i.e fish farming in symbiotic environment. When these two techniques are combined become complementry, allowing farmers to establish a loop that is almost closed, producing fish and crop.
Aerophonics:-It is the method of growing plants in an air or mist environment without use of soil or an aggregate medium. It is a popular indoor farming system for ornamental plants.

You don't need a large space for this technique and the infrastructure required is relatively light (wooden board, geotextile, pots, bage, gutters, ets). That is why this method work so well in urban spaces, including in gardens, on roofs, on balconies.

Needs of Soilless farming:- The need of Soilless farming is increasing rapidly due to following reasons.

Shrinkage in agricultural land:- Due to rapid population growth and urbanization, the fertile agricultural land is converted into human shelter as well as industries establishment. But the demand of agricultural goods are increasing day by day. Thus in order to fulfill the gap between demand and supply, we must go for alternative farming system i.e Soilless farming.
Soil toxicity:- For few last decades, the use of excessive chemical fertilizers has degraded the fertility as well as productivity of soil. Thus the ability of soil to give high yield has been destroyed. So now we must go for Soilless farming.
Pollution control:- Soilless farming is best technique for pollution control as the required nutrients is dissolved in water and supplied to plant through artificial structure.
Unseasonal production of crops:- Soilless farming is artificial method of growing crops. In this system, every requirements needed for plants are controlled artificially. Thus unseasonal crops can be grown letting farmers to fetch good profit.
Free from soil borne diseases:- As this farming excludes the use of soil, so the plants are free from various soil borne diseases and enhances the yield.

What Is Vermicompost || Importance

2020-03-26T17:45:00.003+05:30

Vermicompost:- vermicomopost is nothing but the excreta of earthworm which are rich in humus and plant nutrients i.e micro and macro nutrients.
simply, it is the compost which is made from kitchen waste,agricultural by-products and livestock by-products with the aid of special species of earthworms.

vermicompost

vermicompost are highly important to maintain fertility of soil as it is very rich in humus content,nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus,calcium and magnesium. It contains 5 times more the available nitrogen,7 times the available potash and 1.5 times more calcium than that of top fertile soil.It has excellent aeration,porosity,water holding capacity.It is also rich in bacteria;thus promotes bacterial activity in the soil.
Materials requried for vermicompost preparation:-

Composting bed:- Generally pucca bed of 1.5-2 m length,1 m breadth and 0.5-1 m height is constructed for vermicompost preparation.A suitable place with shadow is to be selected for bed preparation.

Vermicompost bed
Base materials:- Base materials like kitchen waste,agricultural by-products and livestock by-products are kept in the composting bed for vermicompost preparation.
Earthworm:- For the preparation of vermicompost;earthworms like African earthworm (Eudrillus engenial),red worm (Eisenia foetida) and composting worm (Peronyx excavatus) are used. Among these;African earthworm is preferred because it produces higher quantity of vermicompost in short duration and produces more young ones during composting period.

90-120 days is required for vermicompost preparation.

Nutritive value of vermicompost:- It varies depending upon the type of base materials used for compost preparation.The common available nutrients in vermicompost is as follows:-

Organic carbon:- 9.5-18%
Nitrogen :- 0.5-1.5%
Phosphorus :- 0.1-0.35%
Sodiun :-0.06-0.30%

Advantages of vermicompost:-

It is rich in all essential plant nutrients.
It helps to improve soil structure,texture,aeration.
It is free from pathogens and toxic elements as well as weed seeds.
Being rich in humus content,it improves the water retention capacity of the soil.
To some extent it acts as mulch;thus prevents erosion of top fertile soil.
It contains large population of micro-organisms,that help to improve the soil fertility.Along this ;it also contains beneficial micro flora such as fixers and phosphorus solublizers.
It contains earthworm cocoons;thus increases the population of earthworm in soil.These earthworms makes the soil more porous.
It enhances the decomposition of organic matter in the soil.
It contains valuable vitamins,enzymes and hormones like auxin,gibberellins,etc

What Is Organic Farming || Why Organic Farming Is Necessary?

2020-03-15T22:39:00.005+05:30

Organic farming:- Organic farming is a technique of growing crops and rearing of livestocks naturally. It means that it focuses on the use of biological materials such as organic manure, green manure, farmyard manure, etc to produce agricultural products and avoid the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance thereby reducing pollution and westage.

According to USDA(United State department of agriculture), it is a system which avoid or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, plants hormone, etc and to the maximum extent depend upon crop rotation, crop residue, animal manure and biological system of nutrients mobilization and plant protection.

According to FAO, "organic farming is an unique production management system which promotes and enhances agro ecosystem health including Bio-diversity, biological cycles and soil biological activities and this is accomplished by using on farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic farm inputs."

In philosophical term, it means farming in sprits of organic relationship. In this system everything is connected with everything of the nature. Since organic farming means, placing farming on integral relationship. Thus, we must be well aware about the relationship between between the soil, water and plants; between soil and soil microbes and waste products.

Concept of organic farming:- organic farming is very old practice as this was followed by our ancestors and it is native to this land. The concept of organic farming is based on following principles.

Nature is the best role model for farming. Since it doesn't use any inputs nor demand unreasonable amount of water.
The entire system is based on intimate understanding of nature's base. The system doesn't believe in mining of the soil nutrients and don't degrade it in any way for today's need.
The soil in this system is a living entity.
The soil living population of microbes and other organisms are significant contributors to it's fertility on a sustainable basis and must be protected and nurtured at all cost.
The total environment of soil from the soil structure to soil cover is more important.

Need of organic farming:-

Organic farming provides long term benefits to human and environment.
Helps in increasing soil fertility in long term basis.
Control pests and diseases without harming the environment.
Ensures that water stays clean and safe for using.
It is more economical and sustainable.
It help to provide organic food to the population and fetch good income without harming ecosystem.

What Is Meant By Organic Manure || Roles Of Organic Manure

2020-03-15T21:07:00.004+05:30

Organic manure:- Organic manure are the natural plant and animal products that are capable of providing nutrients to the plants. They are bulky in nature and have no definite composition. Manures are effective source of nutrients for most of the crops. The manures can also be used along with chemical fertilizers to enhance the productivity of soil. The manures when applied to the soils add to the organic fraction of soil.

Organic manure contains plant nutrients and they have direct effect on the plant and crop growth. It increases the soil organic matter content and also improves the physical properties of soil. It increases the humus content of soil and as a result water holding capacity of soil gets increased. Bulky organic manure supply food for soil micro-organisms. This increases the activity of soil microbes which in turn converts unavailable form of plant nutrients to readily available form.

Role of organic manure:-

Organic manure binds the soil particles into structural unit called as aggrigates. These aggrigates of soil maintains open and grannular condition of soil that helps in the entry of water and air in the soil.
The organic manure increases the amount of available water in the sandy and loamy soils as it increases the water retaintion capacity of soil.
The surface Run-off and soil erosion are reduced by the presence of organic matter.
It increases the infiltration of water to the soil.
Surface mulching with corse organic matter lowers the soil temperature in summer and keeps soil warm in winter.
Surface mulching with organic manure reduces moisture loss from the soil.
The organic manure serves as a source of energy for the growth of soil micro organisms which has ability to provide useful nutrients to the plants. Thus it helps in proper development and growth of plants.
Fresh organic manure helps in making soil's phosphorus more readily available in acidic soil.
Organic acids released from decomposing organic manure helps to reduce alkalinity of the soil.
Fresh organic manure acts as source of food material for farmers friend (earthworms) in turn it makes soil more fertile.
Organic acid produced by decomposing organic manure helps to dissolve minerals such as potassium and make it available to plants.
Mulching with organic manure helps to control the growth of unwanted plants in the field i.e weeds.

What Is Seed || Types Of Seeds?

2020-03-13T23:07:00.003+05:30

Seed:- seed are the fertilized ovule used for multiplication or raising new crop. It is the basic part of any plants. It is made up of seed coat and embryo.

Different types of seed

Type of seed:- There are two types of seed. They are:-

Monocotyledonous seed and
Dicotyledonous seed

Monocotyledonous seeds:- As the name suggest, it has only one cotyledon. There is only one outer layering of seed coat. Monocotyledonous seeds have following parts.

Seed coat:- In the seed of cereal crops like maize have membranous seed coat.
Endosperm:- The endosperm is generally bulky and store nutrients for growing seedlings. Generally monocotyledonous seeds are endospermic.
Aleuron layer:- It is the proteinous layer that separates outer covering of endosperm with embryo.
Embryo:- It is small and situated in a groove at one end of endosperm.
Scutellum:- This is one large and shield shaped cotyledon.
Embryonal axis:- Plumule and radicle are the two ends.

7.Coleoptile and Coleorhiza:- Plumule and radicle are enclosed in a sheath and called as coleoptile and Coleorhiza.

Dicotyledonous seed:- As the name suggests "di" means two. It means that it has two cotyledon. It has following parts:-

Seed coat:- This is the outer most covering of seed. The seed coat has two layer i.e testa and the inner tegmen.
Hilum:- The hilum is the scar on seed coat through which the developing seed are attached.
Micropyle:- It is the small pore present above the hilum.
Embryo:- It consists of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons.
Cotyledons:- They are fleshy structure that acts as store house of food materials.
Radicle and plumule:- They are present at the two end of embryonal axis. These two develop in root and shoot after germination.

7.Endosperm:- Endosperm are food storing tissue.

#. Difference between seed and grain:-

seed vs grain

Seed quality:- The seed quality is the possession of seed with required genetic and physical purity that is accompained with Physiological soundness and health status. The major seed quality characters are:-

Physical quality
Genetic purity
Physiological purity and
Seed health

Sustainable Agriculture || Why Sustainable Agriculture Is Necessary?

2020-03-12T18:58:00.006+05:30

Sustainable agriculture is an integrated system of crop and livestock production along with proper allocation of resources like land, capital, labour, etc that will last for long term without degrading the quality of ecosystem.

Need of sustainable agriculture:-

It satisfy human food and fibre needs.
It helps to enhance the quality of environment and the natural resources base upon which the agricultural economy is dependent.
It helps to make the most efficient use of non renewable resources and on farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and control.
Sustain the economic viability of farm operations
Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.

Importance of sustainable agriculture:-

Sustainable agriculture is "economically sustainable":- it provides secure living to farmers and others employed in food production and processing. An economically sustainable approach also provides access to goods for all the people
Sustainable agriculture is "environmentally sound":- It preserves the quality of basic resources that the farm, business and the surrounding relay on, including soil, water and air. Agriculture have affects on natural resources. Co-operating with natural resources system instead of over powering them can offer benefits to food production as well as the natural environment
Sustainable agriculture is "good for families and ecosystem":- It provides opportunities for farmers and community to ensure better and healthy living. It provides platform to youth to get into farming without major capital

Medicinal Properties Of Mushroom

2020-03-10T21:21:00.002+05:30

Mushroom are edible fungi used for medicinal purpose for thousands of year to strengthen immunity and prevent bacteria from disrupting digestion.
Many edible mushrooms are potent disease fighter which can target malignant or cancerous cell while protecting and even supporting the healthy cell.
It posses antioxidant properties;thus help to eliminate toxic out of the body.
Mushroom like Cordyceps sinensis is used to treat respiratory and pulmonary diseases. It is also used in treating immune disorder and has been used in association with cancer chemotherapy treatment and surgery.
Boletus edulis is the only species that have been found to have anti tumor properties.
Auricularia auricula helps to enhance immune system.