Encyclopedia of 19th century photography

Z

2011-02-05T16:17:00.009+07:00

ZANGAKI BROTHERS (active 1870s–1900s) The Zangaki brothers produced some of the finest im- ages of late Victorian Egypt, yet so little is known about them. They were probably Greek Cypriots, although it has been suggested they may have come from Crete. Nothing is known of them before their first photographs were published in Egypt in the late 1870s, and even the names of

F

2010-12-14T18:56:00.000+07:00

FALLOWFIELD, JONATHAN (1856–2005) English chemist and photographic chemical supplier Jonathan Fallowfield was born in 1835 and established himself as a chemist. By 1856 he was advertising as a ‘photographic chemical and material warehouse.’ From the early 1870s the business primarily sold cameras and photographic materials for use with the wet-collodion and, later, dry plate processes offering

Y

2010-12-11T10:24:00.000+07:00

YEARBOOK OF PHOTOGRAPHYThe Yearbook of Photography was published by the weekly periodical Photographic News and was usually edited by that publication’s editor. It was for many years the alternative to the British Journal of Photography’s Photographic Almanac (1859–1963) but never quite grew in the same way or gained the same following. By 1894 the Almanac numbered 1336 pages against the

X

2010-12-11T10:23:00.000+07:00

X-RAY PHOTOGRAPHYX-ray photography was one of the most important dis- coveries of the 19th century. Developed in November 1895 by German scientist Willhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923), the x-ray thus straddles the cusp between two centuries. The phenomenon captured the public’s imagination to an extent not experienced; its fascination was not to be eclipsed until the hydrogen bomb in 1945. The

W

2010-12-11T10:15:00.003+07:00

WALKER, SAMUEL LEON (1802–1874)Samuel L Walker was one of the earliest daguerreotype photographers in the United States and was widely regarded as one of the best photographers during the 1840s and 1850s. He lived and worked in Poughkeepsie, New York.Walker was born in 1802 at New Salem, Massa- chusetts, and enjoyed careers as a daguerreotypist and photographer, writer and spiritualist.

V

2010-12-11T10:13:00.000+07:00

VACQUERIE, AUGUSTE (1819–1895)French photographer and writerAuguste Vacquerie was a very close friend of the Hugos, who considered him as a member of the family. His brother Charles married Leopoldine Hugo, the writer’s elder and beloved daughter. The consorts both drowned in the river Seine near Villequier, in 1843.After a classical education, he turned to critique and journalismHe co-founded in

U

2010-12-11T10:10:00.000+07:00

UCHIDA KUICHI (1844–1875)Japanese photographerUchida Kuichi was born in 1844 in Nagasaki, Japan. He may have first encountered photography through contact with the Dutch physician Johannes Pompe van Meerdervoort at the naval training school there. Uchida studied photography with Ueno Hikoma in the early 1860s. In 1865 Uchida and Morita Raizø opened the first photography studio in Osaka. Uchida

T

2010-12-11T10:05:00.000+07:00

TABER, ISAAC WEST (1830–1912)Isaac West Taber was born in New Bedford, Massa- chusetts on August 17, 1830. In 1854, Taber opened a daguerrotype studio in the town, and with his brother Freeman Augustus Taber, subsequently ran a studio in Syracuse, New York, 1857–1864. Taber then moved to San Francisco, operating on behalf of Bradley & Ru- lofson until opening his own gallery in 1871. He took over

S

2010-12-11T09:50:00.000+07:00

SABATIER-BLOT, JEAN-BAPTISTE (1801–1881)French painter and photographerAppearing among the most famous portraitists of the Pa- risian daguerreotype of the 1840s, Jean-Baptist Sabatier is still today a poorly known figure among the historians of photography. There was a burst of production, ac- companied by the absence of sources of files relating to him, and a scarcity of his name in the press,

R

2010-12-11T09:48:00.000+07:00

RAMON Y CAJAL, SANTIAGO(1852–1934)Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852–1934) is famous in Spain as its sole Nobel Prize winner. He shared the prize in Medicine in 1906 with Golgi. His professional practice was a principal but not sole driver of his inter- est in photography.His passion for photography dated back to his child- hood, with his introduction to the amazing detail of daguerreotypes. He

Q

2010-12-11T09:47:00.000+07:00

QUINET, ACHILLE LÉON (1831–1900)French photographer and studio ownerBorn in 1831, Achille Quinet was a successful pho- tographer who operated a studio at 320 rue St Honoré, Paris from about 1869 to 1879. Although Quinet made photographs of the moments and architecture of Paris as well as a series of views of Italy, he is best known for his landscape, animals and figure studies, many of which were

P

2010-12-11T08:58:00.000+07:00

PACHECO, JOAQUIM INSLEY (c. 1830–1912)Portuguese painter and photographerBorn in Cabeceiras de Basto, Portugal, in about 1830, landscape painter, watercolor artist and photographer Joaquim Insley Pacheco learned the daguerreotype method from Frederick Walter in Ceará, Brazil, before studying under Mathew B. Brady and Jeremiah Gurney in New York. He also used the ambrotype and platino- type

O

2010-12-11T08:35:00.000+07:00

O’SULLIVAN, TIMOTHY HENRY (1840–1882)American photographer, probably born IrelandWhile little evidence survives regarding the personal life of photographer Timothy H. O’Sullivan, his pho- tographic legacy is extensive. O’Sullivan was a major figure in two areas of early American photography: the documentation of the Civil War and the survey photog- raphy of the American West.From the outset,

N

2010-12-11T08:17:00.000+07:00

NADAR (GASPARD-FÉLIX TOURNACHON) (1820–1910)French photographer, writer, and caricaturistTo the question—“Who do you think is the world’s greatest photographer?”—French essayist Roland Barthes provided a simple, one-word answer: “Nadar.” And in the history of French photography in the nine- teenth century, there are few who rival the artistry and output of this man who lived for eighty years of

M

2010-12-11T08:10:00.000+07:00

MACFARLANE, SIR DONALD HORNE(1830–1904)The son of a magistrate in Caithness, where he was born in July 1830, Macfarlane went to India in the late 1850s as a partner in the firm of Begg, Dunlop and Co., agents for tea and coal interests in the subcontinent. He appears to have taken up photography as an amateur soon after his arrival and the quality of his work attracted notice when he joined the

L

2010-12-10T22:58:00.000+07:00

LACAN, ERNEST (1828–1879)French editor and criticAlthough Ernest Lacan never practiced photography, he was a central voice in the international photographic community during the second half of the 19th century. As editor and writer for the two leading French photog- raphy journals, La Lumière [The Light] and Le Moniteur de la Photographie [The Monitor of Photography], from 1851 to 1879 Lacan

K

2010-12-10T22:51:00.000+07:00

KARELIN, ANDREY OSIPOVICH (1837–1906)Professional photographer, artistAndrey Osipovich Karelin was born in 1837 in the Tam- bov region. He was the illegitimate child of a peasant woman and a landlord. During his childhood Karelin demonstrated an inclination for painting, and at the age of ten wanted to be a master of iconic painting. The lo- cal landlord recognized his talent and in 1857, sent

J

2010-12-10T22:45:00.000+07:00

JACKSON, WILLIAM HENRY(1843–1942)The photographs which earned William Henry Jack- son an important place in photographic and American history were made in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, but he continued an active life well into the next century with his images reaching an ever wider audience through color post cards, publications, and exhibitions. Unlike other pioneer photographers

I

2010-12-10T22:39:00.000+07:00

ICELANDPhotography was one of the very few technical innova- tions which the people of Iceland were able to adopt in the 19th century. The country was a Danish colony, its social structure undeveloped, and its population sparse: in 1840 there were only 57,000 inhabitants in an island with an area of 103,000 square kilometres. Daguerre’s method became universally known in 1839, and just a few

H

2010-12-10T22:36:00.000+07:00

HAAS, PHILIP (ACTIVE 1840s–1860s)German daguerreotypistBorn in Germany around 1808, Philip Haas emigrated to the United States in 1834 and established himself as a lithographer and print publisher in Washington, D.C.When the invention of the daguerreotype was an- nounced in 1839, Haas possibly went directly to Paris to learn the art. Although his earliest documented da- guerreotype is dated March

G

2010-12-10T22:28:00.000+07:00

GAENSLY, WILHELM (GUILHERME) (1843–1928)Swiss-born Brazilian photographerOne of Brazil’s most renowned 19th-century land- scape photographers, Wilhelm Gaensly was born in Switzerland on September 1, 1843, in the evangelical community of Felben-Wellhausen. In 1848, his mother, Anna Barbara Kym Gaensly, took young Wilhelm and his two brothers to join their father, Jacob Heinrich Gaensly, in

E

2010-12-10T22:15:00.000+07:00

EAKINS, THOMAS COWPERTHWAITE(1844-1916)American painter, sculptor, photographer, and teacherEakins was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and began his career by assisting his father, Benjamin, as a calligrapher and teacher of penmanship. His interests in draftsmanship extended beyond decorative writing, however, and from 1862 until his departure for Paris in 1866 Eakins studied drawing and

D

2010-12-10T12:37:00.000+07:00

DAGUERRE, LOUIS JACQUES MANDÉ(1787–1851)French painter, decorator, printmaker, entrepreneur, inventor, and photographerDaguerre was born on November 18, 1787, in Cor- meilles-en-Parisis to Louis Jacques Daguerre and Anne Hauterre. He later attended the public school of draw- ing, and perhaps apprenticed to an architect, in Orléans, where his father was a process-server in the bailiff’s court.

C

2010-12-10T10:22:00.000+07:00

CABINET CARDSThe cabinet format was designed to recreate the success of carte de visite photographs, which were produced in the millions worldwide beginning around 1859. In the United States, business at photography galleries slowed after the Civil War, and the trade began looking for a new product. The answer came from Britain, where a similar business slowdown led F. R. Window of the London

B

2010-12-10T00:31:00.000+07:00

BABBITT, PLATT D. (1823–1879)American photographerEqual parts artist and entrepreneur, Platt Babbitt made memorable photographs in a frontier region of young America. For several years, he worked a commanding vantage, selling to tourists daguerreotypes he made of them as they experienced brink of Niagara Falls. Information about Babbitt—and a good bit of his legendary appeal—was influenced by