<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><rss xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" version="2.0"><channel><title>フランス風懐石料理中華風　なにわ万華鏡～歴史と文化を味わう日々</title><description>フランス風懐石料理中華風では、お料理やレストランの紹介はしていません。各地のお寺や神社を紹介したり映画や音楽等を気ままに書き綴るBLOG。尊敬する人は真田昌幸さんと幸村さん親子・吉田松陰先生、金子みすゞさん、大石順教尼さん。日本美術なら富岡鉄斎さんに横山大観さん。そして大好物は甘々なみ・か・ん ・・
&lt;br&gt;くわしくはコチラです。　&lt;a href="https://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/06/blog-post_30.html"&gt;【Click!】&lt;/a&gt;</description><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</managingEditor><pubDate>Mon, 2 Nov 2026 09:49:39 +0900</pubDate><generator>Blogger http://www.blogger.com</generator><openSearch:totalResults xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/">1044</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/">1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/">25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/</link><language>en-us</language><itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit><itunes:summary>フランス風懐石料理中華風では、お料理やレストランの紹介はしていません。各地のお寺や神社を紹介したり映画や音楽等を気ままに書き綴るBLOG。尊敬する人は真田昌幸さんと幸村さん親子・吉田松陰先生、金子みすゞさん、大石順教尼さん。日本美術なら富岡鉄斎さんに横山大観さん。そして大好物は甘々なみ・か・ん ・・ くわしくはコチラです。　【Click!】</itunes:summary><itunes:subtitle>フランス風懐石料理中華風では、お料理やレストランの紹介はしていません。各地のお寺や神社を紹介したり映画や音楽等を気ままに書き綴るBLOG。尊敬する人は真田昌幸さんと幸村さん親子・吉田松陰先生、金子みすゞさん、大石順教尼さん。日本美術なら富岡鉄斎さんに横山大観さん。そして大好物は甘々なみ・か・ん ・・ くわしくはコチラです。　【Click!】</itunes:subtitle><itunes:owner><itunes:email>noreply@blogger.com</itunes:email></itunes:owner><item><title>2026年秋 浄瑠璃寺参拝</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/10/2026.html</link><category>浄瑠璃寺</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2026 14:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-2936277067306953815</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2hhMApJvLSWnfVjRAYbJkDcB2jY9iRXWQ2juMYQZj2mZQkI10xPeyEeVY2nYCb-iggiyt4-xUH3h6_FaHCm6weuklb72j7u1pyFDVOhMMEd4DxKHRTrOUqCUhoBL9l3jZGEy77K1-BnHaiYt0MCjPR8LeZlpc808OR4qKRLfWG4Wggnpy6e4rlr58JGkt/s4096/IMG_20261031_110014930_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2hhMApJvLSWnfVjRAYbJkDcB2jY9iRXWQ2juMYQZj2mZQkI10xPeyEeVY2nYCb-iggiyt4-xUH3h6_FaHCm6weuklb72j7u1pyFDVOhMMEd4DxKHRTrOUqCUhoBL9l3jZGEy77K1-BnHaiYt0MCjPR8LeZlpc808OR4qKRLfWG4Wggnpy6e4rlr58JGkt/s4096/IMG_20261031_110014930_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzwBlgxxXZwslYDumuKT3E8950ZXUccXOGJq9Y2pMIWABLOcg8jeWTCKeuVX9qDlEk8QAB7G0n7v0lEgRFEYLImT1hNLCVJHeTLHqfKIGRa0VypEzyteidcN5ZGkfexXIKGgg0e8bl1sPLmBNoVVNgE5AxQ3mlVzBzQb0vMj8pk1qPlQV8EhM-H03SqYCy/s4096/IMG_20261031_105559316_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzwBlgxxXZwslYDumuKT3E8950ZXUccXOGJq9Y2pMIWABLOcg8jeWTCKeuVX9qDlEk8QAB7G0n7v0lEgRFEYLImT1hNLCVJHeTLHqfKIGRa0VypEzyteidcN5ZGkfexXIKGgg0e8bl1sPLmBNoVVNgE5AxQ3mlVzBzQb0vMj8pk1qPlQV8EhM-H03SqYCy/w400-h225/IMG_20261031_105559316_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2hhMApJvLSWnfVjRAYbJkDcB2jY9iRXWQ2juMYQZj2mZQkI10xPeyEeVY2nYCb-iggiyt4-xUH3h6_FaHCm6weuklb72j7u1pyFDVOhMMEd4DxKHRTrOUqCUhoBL9l3jZGEy77K1-BnHaiYt0MCjPR8LeZlpc808OR4qKRLfWG4Wggnpy6e4rlr58JGkt/w400-h225/IMG_20261031_110014930_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCjfMRuKkGqPH3KjQcoTYTMOuvXiJCz2C_vNpLwcOs8W1kbvRJIfqZIVsijqczO4DWZO5KLRAvxb8l1B9Fle7P1gFnZnmiu9Yvrld0fR1ZLRzB_YPoKXv5MSBA5Jrq_aAyxmJPkWiZp_SQFPD3F7vGxtZMfznrUDEWsVEDsE4EqAqjB54Z-feUXlo1LyvU/s4096/IMG_20261031_105744475_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCjfMRuKkGqPH3KjQcoTYTMOuvXiJCz2C_vNpLwcOs8W1kbvRJIfqZIVsijqczO4DWZO5KLRAvxb8l1B9Fle7P1gFnZnmiu9Yvrld0fR1ZLRzB_YPoKXv5MSBA5Jrq_aAyxmJPkWiZp_SQFPD3F7vGxtZMfznrUDEWsVEDsE4EqAqjB54Z-feUXlo1LyvU/w400-h225/IMG_20261031_105744475_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=""&gt;秋らしい晴れ渡った&lt;/span&gt;この日をずっと心待ちにしていた私は、さっそく足を運んでまいりました。&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="1"&gt;思い返せば、私がまだ小学生高学年の頃。
母が愛聴していたラジオ番組で紹介されたことがきっかけで、家族みんなで初めてこのお寺を訪れたのでした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2"&gt;当時は天王寺から汽車に揺られ、奈良駅までの長い道のり。
途中のトンネルでは、黒鉛が入らないようにとみんなで一斉に窓を閉めたっけ……。奈良で乗り換えて加茂駅へ向かう汽車を待つ時間さえ、なんだかワクワクする冒険のようでした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="3"&gt;家族みんな足が丈夫だったことと、バス代を節約しようという微笑ましい理由から、加茂駅から浄瑠璃寺までの山道を歩いて向かうことに。
今でこそ綺麗に整備された道やお店が並んでいますが、当時は左右を険しい山に挟まれた砂利道を、おしゃべりをしながらひたすら歩いたものです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="4"&gt;道の途中にぽつんと佇む野仏さまたちに「こんにちは」と出会いながら歩き、少し疲れたら脇道でひと休み。母が包んでくれたアルミホイルをそっと開けば、中から出てくるのは、愛情がたっぷり詰まった「おにぎり」と「味塩でほんのり味をつけた玉子焼き」。あのとき外で食べたお弁当の味は、今でも忘れられない大切な宝物です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="5"&gt;あれから50年の歳月が流れ、今では車でわずか1時間ほどの道のり。
それでも私は、今でも年に数回、季節の移ろいを感じながら、この場所にご挨拶に通い続けています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="6"&gt;というのも、本堂の厨子にいらっしゃる「吉祥天女像」に、母がすっかり魅せられていたから。年に数回しか御開帳されないそのお姿に、うまくタイミングを合わせては会いに行きます。
仏様の前に静かに座り、自分の心の弱さや日々の悩みをそっと打ち明けては、心の中でたくさん語りかけるのです。すると像の表情は変わらなくとも、いつもあたたかく微笑み返しながら、じっと私の話を聞いてくださるような気がしてなりません。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="7"&gt;私にとって、この浄瑠璃寺はいつでも優しく包み込んでくれる特別なお寺。
2022年3月に他界した母が、今でもすぐ隣で一緒に歩いてくれているような、そんな温もりを感じられるかけがえのない場所です。&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzwBlgxxXZwslYDumuKT3E8950ZXUccXOGJq9Y2pMIWABLOcg8jeWTCKeuVX9qDlEk8QAB7G0n7v0lEgRFEYLImT1hNLCVJHeTLHqfKIGRa0VypEzyteidcN5ZGkfexXIKGgg0e8bl1sPLmBNoVVNgE5AxQ3mlVzBzQb0vMj8pk1qPlQV8EhM-H03SqYCy/s72-w400-h225-c/IMG_20261031_105559316_HDR.jpg" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒619-1135 京都府木津川市加茂町西小札場４０</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.715515 135.8729684</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.405281163821158 100.71671839999999 63.025748836178849 171.0292184</georss:box></item><item><title>なにわ万華鏡～歴史と文化を味わう日々：現代社会と国家観を見つめ直す</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/10/blog-post_28.html</link><category>prof</category><category>歴史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-3590357293762707009</guid><description>&lt;article class="blog-post"&gt;
    &lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBt8ZwJ-kOB2M15N52NRKrgqDgpY3wMKsbl542ldVCEEt88HMu5TPX-FgxP44W7sk3E7rP8ipdh7hiMXo_4nv4wpQeME75NzqiGdSsuWmHN1A10mvBpG1xpyTO_xv4pDfKz-DjxkwQ89n86kjpFpRxZT4iaVqVVPmNfuIEzbAojqLjqxq2gFNGn4G4kiDq/s1024/9497d296-e42b-47d1-a9be-97e2b3a4eed1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1024" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBt8ZwJ-kOB2M15N52NRKrgqDgpY3wMKsbl542ldVCEEt88HMu5TPX-FgxP44W7sk3E7rP8ipdh7hiMXo_4nv4wpQeME75NzqiGdSsuWmHN1A10mvBpG1xpyTO_xv4pDfKz-DjxkwQ89n86kjpFpRxZT4iaVqVVPmNfuIEzbAojqLjqxq2gFNGn4G4kiDq/w640-h350/9497d296-e42b-47d1-a9be-97e2b3a4eed1.jpeg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;この数ヵ月のBLOGで近代史に関する記事をUPしてきましたが、すべての国はそれぞれの異なる秩序で成り立っているという大前提を無視し、自国に都合良い思い込みによる歴史観ばかりが語られる風潮には疑問を感じざるを得ません。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;振り返れば、2020年1月に横浜港に寄港したクルーズ船「ダイヤモンド・プリンセス号」での集団感染からはじまり、同年4月7日には初めての「緊急事態宣言」が発令されました。その後、2023年（令和5年）5月8日に季節性インフルエンザと同じ「5類感染症」に移行したことで一区切りとなりましたが、その原因はいまだに仮説の域を出ず確定していません。中国・武漢市の「華南海鮮市場」周辺で野生動物の違法取引やウイルスの痕跡が多数見つかったことや、武漢市内にあったウイルス研究施設（武漢ウイルス研究所など）で保管・研究されていたウイルスが事故や職員の感染を通じて外部へ漏れ出したとする説など、様々な情報が存在しています。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;現在も世界中には、自国のアイデンティティの確立が許されない地域が存在し、様々な場所で紛争が発生しています。例えば、ロシアとウクライナの戦争においてはソ連崩壊前の領土や同一民族である背景が語られ、中国は台湾の併合を目指すだけでなく、政治・経済面にとどまらず周辺国の日本のEEZ内（排他的経済水域）にまで入り込んでいます。これらはまさに「サラミ作戦」ともいわれる手法であり、政治・外交・軍事面や土地、メディア、社会インフラにおいて、薄くスライスされたサラミのように少しずつ・段階的に実行して相手に気づかれないように目標を達成しようとするものです。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;歴史認識や国家観をめぐっては、多様な立場や感情、そして異なる解釈が存在しており、その受け止め方は人によってさまざまです。過去に行われた戦争の歴史的事実やその解釈、戦後補償や国際関係をめぐる議論においては、それぞれの国や立場から異なる主張や見解がなされてきました。過去の出来事や国家のあり方をどのように捉えるかについては、多角的な視点や議論が今なお続けられています。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;それでも私は、ドラマ『VIVANT』の乃木憂助のように&lt;strong&gt;「美しいわが国、日本をなんぴとたりとも汚すことは許さない」&lt;/strong&gt;という意識をもち続けたいと考えています。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;日本の人口は日本人だけで増やしたい。外国人労働者を国内に迎え入れてGDPを無理に上げる必要は無いと考えます。スーパーをはじめ飲食店は24時間も営業する必要はありませんし、過剰な物質的豊かさを追い求める必要もないはずです。外国人が日本の土地建物を所有するなどあり得ないことであり、無理に観光立国を目指す必要もありません。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p&gt;だからこそ、「美しいわが国、日本をなんぴとたりとも汚すことは許さない」という強い意識をもって、私は外国人は好きではない。むしろ嫌いと言い切ってもいい。&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;p class="notes" style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #666666; font-size: 0.85em; margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 10px;"&gt;
        この記事に記載の内容は拙筆時点の意見・考察であり、その正確性や将来の方向性を保証するものではありません。
    &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/article&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBt8ZwJ-kOB2M15N52NRKrgqDgpY3wMKsbl542ldVCEEt88HMu5TPX-FgxP44W7sk3E7rP8ipdh7hiMXo_4nv4wpQeME75NzqiGdSsuWmHN1A10mvBpG1xpyTO_xv4pDfKz-DjxkwQ89n86kjpFpRxZT4iaVqVVPmNfuIEzbAojqLjqxq2gFNGn4G4kiDq/s72-w640-h350-c/9497d296-e42b-47d1-a9be-97e2b3a4eed1.jpeg" width="72"/></item><item><title>幕末の天才幕臣・小栗忠順　「遣米使節」と貨幣問題</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/10/blog-post_25.html</link><category>小判</category><category>小栗忠順</category><category>幕末</category><category>歴史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2026 16:40:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-8585900708606805109</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge9OWNPhvMNk10L7f61YtsShFen-qFnc2CYsbmS9ybBMcXjhKDjtEDiIpNhNAJwXXrWvpR5o6gQbbcSKzP6u0lofk7pF7AKEJk6-YTlXIYRXZICW2Ay_0Ql0o9rGuNNWSVeUDyhyHA8-4PXgjHbAB70RsgtruCtPgz9xWlKbwPT5-cGt6lxMSul1Op3YRl/s1119/0248_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1119" data-original-width="688" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge9OWNPhvMNk10L7f61YtsShFen-qFnc2CYsbmS9ybBMcXjhKDjtEDiIpNhNAJwXXrWvpR5o6gQbbcSKzP6u0lofk7pF7AKEJk6-YTlXIYRXZICW2Ay_0Ql0o9rGuNNWSVeUDyhyHA8-4PXgjHbAB70RsgtruCtPgz9xWlKbwPT5-cGt6lxMSul1Op3YRl/s320/0248_1.jpg" width="197" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/datas/248/" target="_blank"&gt;国立国会図書館から引用&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;幕末の天才幕臣・小栗忠順(ただまさ)を語る上で外せない有名なエピソードの一つ、&lt;br /&gt;1860年(万延元年)の「遣米使節」における、フィラデルフィア造幣局での金貨・小判の成分分析。&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1860年（万延元年）日米修好通商条約の批准書交換使節団が渡米。正使は外国奉行兼神奈川奉行の新見正興の者として参加。ちなみに従者は全部で８人で副使は外国奉行兼神奈川奉行・函館奉行の村垣範正、 監察は小栗忠順、勘定方は森田岡太郎清行 。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;一行はポーハタン号で1月22日に出発、総勢７７人。３月９日にサンフランシスコに到着。以降パナマ、ニューヨーク、ワシントンをめぐる。この中には過去取り上げた玉蟲左太夫さんも。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2016/04/2016-417.html" target="_blank"&gt;2016 4/17 幕末の日本人が見たアメリカ～万延元年遣米使節の異文化理解～　鈴木　健次(大正大学名誉教授)」を拝聴。&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;また、万が一に備えて「咸臨丸」も参加。こちらには使節の護衛のほか海軍士官の遠洋航海実習として、勝海舟船長をはじめ、福沢諭吉、ジョン万次郎等が乗船し、総勢107人。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;さて、2年前の安政5年(1858年)に結ばれた日米修好通商条約および付帯する貿易協定で日本と外国の通貨をどのように交換するかというルールが定められましたがこれが日本側にとって致命的な落とし穴となりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;当時の欧米では、金と銀の交換比率はおよそ 「1：15」 で、金1グラムの価値は、銀15グラム分に相当するという基準が国際標準、しかし、当時の日本国内では、金と銀の比率は「1：5」で、日本国内では世界に比べて「金の価値が非常に低く、銀の価値が非常に高い」状態でした。この比率の違いを知ったアメリカをはじめとする外国商人たちは、日本との貿易で莫大な利益を上げるため外国から大量の銀貨（メキシコ・ドルなど）を日本に持ち込み、金を買い占め、日本国内のレートで、その銀貨を使って日本の金貨（万延小判など）に交換。これにより当時の日本では金が安く買えたため、少ない銀で大量の金を入手し、そのまま海外へ持ち出し、国際レート（1：15）で金に換えることで、外国商人たちは一瞬で元手の3倍近い莫大な利益を得ることができました。その結果、日本国内にあった膨大な量の金が海外へどんどん吸い出され、日本の国内金融は大パニックに陥り、深刻なインフレや物価の高騰を招いたのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;この大問題に対して、当時の幕府役人たちの多くは「なぜ小判が流出するのか、科学的な原因がよく分からない」「どうすれば止められるのかお手上げだ」と頭を抱えていました。そんな中で、アメリカへ派遣された使節団の「目付（監察官＝財務や行政の不正を監視する役職）」だった小栗忠順に白羽の矢が立ちます。「現地に行って、アメリカ側の通貨の仕組みや、本当に彼らが言うように日本の金貨の価値が低いのかどうかを、自分の目で確かめてこい」という重大な使命が託されたのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;この経済的・国家的危機をただの「外国のずるさ」として片付けるのではなく、「科学的な分析と数値」で正しく裏付けなければならないと考えたことが、&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;小栗忠順のフィラデルフィア造幣局での伝説的な金貨の全量溶解（成分分析）へと繋がっていきます。アメリカ側は、金貨の成分を調べるために「一部を削り取って分析しよう」と提案しましたが、小栗は「正確を期すために、小判1枚とドル金貨1個をそれぞれ丸ごと溶かして全量分析すべきだ」と強く主張しました。アメリカ側が「時間がかかる」と渋る中、小栗は「自分が最後まで立ち会う」と言ってこれをやり通させました。その結果、日米の金の含有量は本来ほぼ同等であることが証明され、不平等な交換実態の科学的な根拠を掴み取りました。&amp;nbsp; また、当時、アメリカの技術者たちが複雑な計算を額に汗して行っている横で、小栗ら日本使節団は持参したそろばんで、一瞬で正確な計算を叩き出してアメリカ人たちを心底仰天させました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;さて、日本に帰り報告すると、江戸幕府は次のような矢継ぎ早の対策を行いましたが多くが混乱を招く結果となりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd5sY1kzWisqd9GDv7PtMhICyZJmAydo2Ni6qacCydlrjva0up8SXZAXjACjNDBm0avzMVmq2BrRQprxVjfkx3TCjkDOL-AOL8eRuIYKBhHXxROHcSMHECck1zxp2jxOznIFJVpng8wqGpxAIGrkjzLlAnQB0gHfabSpl3O8hZsIP1qkVPb-Q_swdhM0IX/s626/%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="626" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd5sY1kzWisqd9GDv7PtMhICyZJmAydo2Ni6qacCydlrjva0up8SXZAXjACjNDBm0avzMVmq2BrRQprxVjfkx3TCjkDOL-AOL8eRuIYKBhHXxROHcSMHECck1zxp2jxOznIFJVpng8wqGpxAIGrkjzLlAnQB0gHfabSpl3O8hZsIP1qkVPb-Q_swdhM0IX/w400-h221/%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F1.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;⇒貨幣の改鋳（万延の貨幣改鋳：1860年）&lt;br /&gt;海外へ流出する原因が「日本国内の金と銀の交換比率が世界標準（1:15）と違いすぎて、金が安すぎること」にあると気づいた幕府は、金貨に含まれる金の量を一気に減らす（約3分の1にする）という荒業に出ました。この結果、流出はピタリと止まったものの、国内で激しいインフレ（物価の急騰）を引き起こしました。貨幣の価値が下がったため、米や日用品の価格が数倍〜十数倍に跳ね上がり、一般庶民の生活や武士の家計が一気に苦しくなり、世情が極端に不安定化する原因となりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・安政小判（改鋳前・直前）&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;　重さ（量目）約 8.97グラム&lt;br /&gt;　大きさ（寸法）&lt;span style="white-space: pre;"&gt;	&lt;/span&gt;縦 約5.5cm × 横 約3.2cm前後&lt;br /&gt;　含まれる実際の金の重さ 約 5.11グラム&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・万延小判（改鋳後：1860年〜）&lt;br /&gt;　重さ（量目）約 3.30グラム&lt;br /&gt;　大きさ（寸法）&lt;span style="white-space: pre;"&gt;	&lt;/span&gt;縦 約3.0〜3.3cm × 横 約2.0cm&lt;br /&gt;　含まれる実際の金の重さ 約 1.89グラム&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;金の「割合（純度）」自体は安政小判とほとんど変わらず幕府「小判そのものを物理的に小さく・軽くする」という方法で、1枚あたりに使われる金の量を強制的に3分の1に減らしました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;万延の貨幣改鋳で登場した「万延(まんえん)小判」は、その小ささと軽さから、当時の人々や古銭の世界で「雛小判（お雛様の飾り物ように小さい小判）」とも呼ばれました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;幕府は、「海外に持ち出されても、金の総量がこれだけ少なければわざわざ日本から持ち出す旨味（利ザヤ）がなくなるはずだ」と考えました。狙いは当たりましたが、これだけ露骨に小さく軽いお金に変えてしまったため、国内の流通市場や庶民たちは「こんなにスカスカで軽い小判では信用できない」と気づき、それが凄まじい物価の高騰（インフレ）を引き起こす決定打となりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0bKZFK9S" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="945" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Ah9RI5YVSbbu095MQ_NHKqg5zWhvDFUhlPudhVU7NvTTu05ReSPzbHaRbRSRze4ydFToCBNA5SR-w164GbooPrbpRDJPMryJbME800TLsJFqd6OWdtbTWJbA-jU3d3aKJlcHYc4aVQExNuq4_XuAAintoDgEUmRoaC-b63xN1Hb2iZAzqBQxtNq7kRaJ/s320/71-xkcMZ2TL._SL1500_.jpg" width="202" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆おススメの書籍&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;なぜ彼は斬られなければならなかったのか?&lt;br /&gt;新政府に消された「日本近代化の父」。その死の真相に迫る!&lt;br /&gt;大河ドラマ『逆賊の幕臣』が10倍おもしろくなる&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;幕末動乱期、知られざる異才の幕臣がいた。33歳の若さで遣米使節に抜擢され、日本人初の世界一周を成し遂げた小栗上野介である。帰国後はその知見を活かし、幕末最大の建設事業「横須賀製鉄所」の創設に携わるなど、今につながる日本の近代国家としての礎を築いた。しかしながら小栗に関する史料は極めて少ない。彼ほど外交感覚や財政手腕に優れた官僚はいなかったにもかかわらず、なぜ斬首されたのか? 「逆賊」の濡れ衣は通説にすぎない? 明治という新時代を見ることなく非業の死を遂げた敗者の人生から辿る、もう一つの幕末史。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge9OWNPhvMNk10L7f61YtsShFen-qFnc2CYsbmS9ybBMcXjhKDjtEDiIpNhNAJwXXrWvpR5o6gQbbcSKzP6u0lofk7pF7AKEJk6-YTlXIYRXZICW2Ay_0Ql0o9rGuNNWSVeUDyhyHA8-4PXgjHbAB70RsgtruCtPgz9xWlKbwPT5-cGt6lxMSul1Op3YRl/s72-c/0248_1.jpg" width="72"/></item><item><title>私はあらゆる人の中で最も豊かに祝福されたのだ </title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/09/blog-post_26.html</link><category>prof</category><category>詩</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-1071399889745210161</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;2007年末に新大阪にある回生病院で検査をし、そのまま入院年末年始を病院で過ごしたことがあります。そして無事退院で精算のためにロビーへ行ったときに1枚の額に目が釘ずけになりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOLkSSm-rqB5-48TNoWmT6Ett6ztEFCBuJyAel-5FUFcpY0BU9Y_-yYnH9pa6jhgKIKXHpm0yUUIbEtclXvuP40mUJ2MddRnewyhZ1JqVg-bS4Y1jlve_GSjjFrgyyJNdxIxLWYk-NuRHZr0_a3EBknEHeKrgo_PxB_XyBi04VsKfMDHdF7BvycGIpbvEx/s1600/DVC00044%20(1).JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOLkSSm-rqB5-48TNoWmT6Ett6ztEFCBuJyAel-5FUFcpY0BU9Y_-yYnH9pa6jhgKIKXHpm0yUUIbEtclXvuP40mUJ2MddRnewyhZ1JqVg-bS4Y1jlve_GSjjFrgyyJNdxIxLWYk-NuRHZr0_a3EBknEHeKrgo_PxB_XyBi04VsKfMDHdF7BvycGIpbvEx/w640-h480/DVC00044%20(1).JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;大きなことをなし遂げるために&lt;br /&gt;力を与えてほしいと神に求めたのに&lt;br /&gt;謙虚さを学ぶようにと弱さを授かった&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;より偉大なことができるようにと健康を求めたのに&lt;br /&gt;より良きことができるようにと病弱さを与えられた&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;幸せになろうとして富を求めたのに&lt;br /&gt;賢明であるようにと貧困を授かった&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;世の人の賞賛をえようとして成功を求めたのに&lt;br /&gt;得意にならないようにと失敗を授かった&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;人生を享楽しようとあらゆるものを求めたのに&lt;br /&gt;あらゆることを喜べるようにと命を授かった&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;求めたものは一つとして与えられなかったが&lt;br /&gt;願いは全て聞きとどけられた&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;神の意にそわぬもとであるにもかかわらず&lt;br /&gt;心の中の言い表せないもの全て叶えられた&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;私はあらゆる人の中で最も豊かに祝福されたのだ&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;この詩の原本は、アメリカの南北戦争の無名兵士が遺したと伝えられている詩、通称『病者の祈り（A Creed for Those Who Have Suffered / A Confederate Soldier's Prayer）』で、ニューヨークにある「ニューヨーク大学医療センター・リハビリテーション研究所」の壁に刻まれたことで世界的に有名になり、病気や試練に直面する人々の心の支え（「苦難にある者の信仰告白」）として愛読されています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="1"&gt;英語の原本（原詩）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="2"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,0"&gt;A Creed for Those Who Have Suffered&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,1"&gt;I asked God for strength, &lt;span class="citation-814 citation-end-814"&gt;that I might achieve,&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-813 citation-end-813"&gt;I was made weak, that I might learn humbly to obey.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,2"&gt;&lt;span class="citation-812"&gt;I asked for health, that I might do greater &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-811 citation-812"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-810 citation-811 citation-812"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-809 citation-810 citation-811 citation-812 citation-end-812"&gt;things,&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-809 citation-810 citation-811 citation-end-811"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-809 citation-810 citation-end-810"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-809 citation-end-809"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-808"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-807 citation-808"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-806 citation-807 citation-808"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-805 citation-806 citation-807 citation-808 citation-end-808"&gt;I was given infirmity, that I might do better things.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-805 citation-806 citation-807 citation-end-807"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-805 citation-806 citation-end-806"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-805 citation-end-805"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,3"&gt;&lt;span class="citation-804"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-803 citation-804"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-802 citation-803 citation-804"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-801 citation-802 citation-803 citation-804 citation-end-804"&gt;I asked for riches, that I might be happy,&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-801 citation-802 citation-803 citation-end-803"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-801 citation-802 citation-end-802"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-801 citation-end-801"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-799"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-798 citation-799"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-797 citation-798 citation-799"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-797 citation-798 citation-799 citation-800 citation-end-800"&gt;I was given &lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-797 citation-798 citation-799 citation-end-799"&gt;poverty, that I might be wise.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-797 citation-798 citation-end-798"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-797 citation-end-797"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,4"&gt;&lt;span class="citation-796"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-795 citation-796"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-794 citation-795 citation-796 citation-end-796"&gt;I asked for power, that I might have the praise of men,&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-794 citation-795 citation-end-795"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-794 citation-end-794"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-792"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-791 citation-792"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-791 citation-792 citation-793 citation-end-793"&gt;I was given weakness, that I might feel the ne&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-791 citation-792"&gt;ed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-790 citation-791 citation-792"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-789 citation-790 citation-791 citation-792 citation-end-792"&gt;of God.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-789 citation-790 citation-791 citation-end-791"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-789 citation-790 citation-end-790"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-789 citation-end-789"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,5"&gt;&lt;span class="citation-788"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-787 citation-788"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-786 citation-787 citation-788"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-785 citation-786 citation-787 citation-788 citation-end-788"&gt;I asked for all things, that I might enjoy life,&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-785 citation-786 citation-787 citation-end-787"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-785 citation-786 citation-end-786"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-785 citation-end-785"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-783"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-782 citation-783"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-781 citation-782 citation-783"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-781 citation-782 citation-783 citation-784 citation-end-784"&gt;I was given&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-781 citation-782 citation-783 citation-end-783"&gt; life, that I might enjoy all things.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-781 citation-782 citation-end-782"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-781 citation-end-781"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,6"&gt;&lt;span class="citation-779"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-778 citation-779"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-778 citation-779 citation-780 citation-end-780"&gt;I got nothing &lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-778 citation-779 citation-end-779"&gt;that I asked for—&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-778 citation-end-778"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-777"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-776 citation-777 citation-end-777"&gt;but everything I had hoped for.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-776 citation-end-776"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="2,7"&gt;&lt;span class="citation-775"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-774 citation-775 citation-end-775"&gt;Almost despite myself, my unspoken prayers were answered.&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-774 citation-end-774"&gt;&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="citation-772"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-772 citation-773 citation-end-773"&gt;I am, amo&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="citation-772 citation-end-772"&gt;ng all men, most richly blesse&lt;source-footnote _nghost-ng-c2739582770="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"&gt;&lt;sup _ngcontent-ng-c2739582770="" class="superscript"&gt;&lt;!----&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/source-footnote&gt;&lt;/span&gt;d.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOLkSSm-rqB5-48TNoWmT6Ett6ztEFCBuJyAel-5FUFcpY0BU9Y_-yYnH9pa6jhgKIKXHpm0yUUIbEtclXvuP40mUJ2MddRnewyhZ1JqVg-bS4Y1jlve_GSjjFrgyyJNdxIxLWYk-NuRHZr0_a3EBknEHeKrgo_PxB_XyBi04VsKfMDHdF7BvycGIpbvEx/s72-w640-h480-c/DVC00044%20(1).JPG" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒532-0003 大阪府大阪市淀川区宮原１丁目６−１０</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.7353704 135.4991648</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.4251365638211553 100.34291479999999 63.045604236178846 170.6554148</georss:box></item><item><title>昭和の謎：阿部野橋歩道橋にいた「あの人」のカラクリ</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/10/blog-post_15.html</link><category>prof</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-134892527432425767</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXr1EicIzISCEACOhsEBSOksVI1rZnRbD-Z12C2vT9sx_KTRNbsYaHj5hGrv3Q6ejYE_uEMrrVgs6QmmGhkkQ227BOvczWg9kVFRzywmowW2UwlGbDITJ4nmjOfj0U2zpFsSVz559GyKZrnkGjN-Fhk2M326JYUXfHpLfaNPWmuD2cMxMSplFJ3m-uWPLx/s1024/5d2ca9eb-3cd4-41cb-a97b-bc378120a221.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1024" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXr1EicIzISCEACOhsEBSOksVI1rZnRbD-Z12C2vT9sx_KTRNbsYaHj5hGrv3Q6ejYE_uEMrrVgs6QmmGhkkQ227BOvczWg9kVFRzywmowW2UwlGbDITJ4nmjOfj0U2zpFsSVz559GyKZrnkGjN-Fhk2M326JYUXfHpLfaNPWmuD2cMxMSplFJ3m-uWPLx/w400-h219/5d2ca9eb-3cd4-41cb-a97b-bc378120a221.jpeg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;昭和45年（1970年）。日本中が「人類の進歩と調和」を掲げた大阪万博に湧き立ち、誰もがイケイケの高度経済成長期でした。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2344424839="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="markdown markdown-main-panel md-content enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color stronger" dir="ltr" id="model-response-message-contentr_e9bf3530ac5b4a8c" inline-copy-host="" style="--animation-duration: 400ms; --fade-animation-function: ease-out; animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;当時の阿部野橋といえば、近鉄百貨店の屋上にワクワクするような遊園地があり、2階には独特の熱気が漂う映画館。子どもだった私にとって、天王寺周辺はまさにワンダーランドでした。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;そんな中、近鉄百貨店と国鉄天王寺駅を繋ぐ2階の歩道橋を渡るたび、幼心に強く焼き付いていた光景があります。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="6" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;包帯を痛々しく巻き、破れた軍服を着て、哀愁を誘うアコーディオンやハーモニカを奏でる「傷痍軍人」さんたちの姿です。&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;当時の私は「大変そうだなぁ」と素直に小銭を投げている人々を眺めていた……大人になってからふと、猛烈な違和感に襲われました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="8" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「……待てよ？ 昭和45年って、終戦から25年も経ってるよね？」&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;25年ですよ。四半世紀です。どれだけ重い傷でも、流石に傷口が血走ったまま25年間癒えないなんてことがあるでしょうか。なぜ今も軍服？ なぜ今も包帯？ タイムスリップでもしてきたのか？&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;長年のモヤモヤでしたが、最近になってその「大人のカラクリ」がようやく判明しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;なんと彼らの正体の多くは、「めちゃくちゃ稼げるビジネスとして演じていた、ニセ傷痍軍人」が多かったらしい！&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;当時のサラリーマンの初任給が4万円前後、日雇い労働で日給2,000円ほどだった時代。彼らはなんと1日で5,000円〜1万5,000円（今の感覚で言えば数万円〜10万円超！）も稼いでいたと言います。真面目に働くのがアホらしくなるレベルの超高給取りです。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;この「歩道橋ビジネス」が成立していた背景には、昭和ならではの3つの罠がありました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol data-path-to-node="14" start="1" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding-inline-start: 32px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;li style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 36px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="14,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;万博景気で財布のヒモがユルユル&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;日本中が好景気。「よっしゃ、景気ええし100円投げとくか！」と、歩道橋の上はさながらコインの投げ銭フィーバー状態でした。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 36px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="14,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;完璧すぎる「演出プロデュース」&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;包帯、松葉杖、白衣、そして郷愁を誘うアコーディオンのメロディ。日本人の「お情け」と「ノスタルジー」のツボを完璧に突いたプロのステージ演出だったのです。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 36px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="14,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;まさかの「元締め」と道具レンタル&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;実は単独犯（？）ではなく、裏でテキヤや暴力団などの組織が糸を引いていたらしく「衣装一式貸出・歩道橋の一等地手配」までパッケージ化されており、街頭に立つ人はあくまで「日給制（または歩合制）のキャスト」。集まった現金の大部分は上納金として吸い上げられていたという、恐ろしいシステムでした。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「汗水垂らして働くサラリーマンより稼いでいる」「実はただの健常者」「集まった金が裏組織に流れている」……マスコミの潜入取材や警察のガサ入れでこの全貌がバレると、世間は大激怒。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「騙された！」と人々の同情は一気に冷め、警察の摘発も相まって、昭和50年代を迎える頃にはあたたかな夕暮れの歩道橋からスーッと姿を消していきました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;昭和の思い出の1ページにあった、切なくも怪しいあの光景。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;純粋な子供だった私に「世の中には表と裏がある」という教訓を、半世紀越しに教えてくれたのでした。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXr1EicIzISCEACOhsEBSOksVI1rZnRbD-Z12C2vT9sx_KTRNbsYaHj5hGrv3Q6ejYE_uEMrrVgs6QmmGhkkQ227BOvczWg9kVFRzywmowW2UwlGbDITJ4nmjOfj0U2zpFsSVz559GyKZrnkGjN-Fhk2M326JYUXfHpLfaNPWmuD2cMxMSplFJ3m-uWPLx/s72-w400-h219-c/5d2ca9eb-3cd4-41cb-a97b-bc378120a221.jpeg" width="72"/></item><item><title>萱野三平記念館　</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/10/blog-post.html</link><category>忠臣蔵</category><category>歴史</category><category>観光地</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-644557274493686718</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;大阪の中心部を走る地下鉄御堂筋線は現在、北大阪急行へ乗り入れ現在の北方面の終点は「箕面萱野駅」です。この「萱野」という名称は地名からとられており国道171号線と北大阪急行が走る423号線の交差する地名が「萱野」でその由来は忠臣蔵で有名な赤穂義士 萱野三平ゆかりの旧邸長屋門(涓泉亭:けんせんてい)が現存するところから取られています。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2QHOd9RAdfztV7hCfAJkmRjI4hNQZwK5N8e3zrdtogfb-r_XAZhnUQpDJg7EhXxBd4K5p1OV_wncxils7oOUl4wvzHNN0iYkLl64Zgf7BXobDztlQ-fqhxdup-WXKFWe40ol9W4Ft3ce6JZUNRZidZ0IbdggmkhKokQYu8JEBR1aloLKpzIZRyxLNU2Zs/s4096/IMG_20260913_125306206_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2QHOd9RAdfztV7hCfAJkmRjI4hNQZwK5N8e3zrdtogfb-r_XAZhnUQpDJg7EhXxBd4K5p1OV_wncxils7oOUl4wvzHNN0iYkLl64Zgf7BXobDztlQ-fqhxdup-WXKFWe40ol9W4Ft3ce6JZUNRZidZ0IbdggmkhKokQYu8JEBR1aloLKpzIZRyxLNU2Zs/w400-h225/IMG_20260913_125306206_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh7jm6eZPsIttd929RP6lTzmRTE8FO0flhg-crGPJYqcrQ4794gDflNc_a4dRJJbcZlOEyf9sH-JgactMa6bn7PmatDkNliUDwuIYBI4DV_wlLSqPkleZMlw-EKcfH64jfIBwwYRluhRQeLSVJYK-6akDPoM0AaLy6mS-Ejl4bHEvul7e_opeswJicFpSl/s4096/IMG_20260913_131502357_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh7jm6eZPsIttd929RP6lTzmRTE8FO0flhg-crGPJYqcrQ4794gDflNc_a4dRJJbcZlOEyf9sH-JgactMa6bn7PmatDkNliUDwuIYBI4DV_wlLSqPkleZMlw-EKcfH64jfIBwwYRluhRQeLSVJYK-6akDPoM0AaLy6mS-Ejl4bHEvul7e_opeswJicFpSl/w400-h225/IMG_20260913_131502357_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj19qoN5Fqb1nhHDpa1sgeYREWxSHuimUkLeTBxmTOqgprqfgqtTF06cTg5Eu7yRfnaO5yfTuxeoiNY5myCgBK5GlwZRnzasI7G9OvxGCQ6kY8lx9pYGB0ccA-hixlrBjvMiNjDpiFE0x6PjYcFogcGS0pClPp30OCVpBbLjUkGQVUcDFrM6sbnPvwZmNWg/s4096/IMG_20260913_131632592_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj19qoN5Fqb1nhHDpa1sgeYREWxSHuimUkLeTBxmTOqgprqfgqtTF06cTg5Eu7yRfnaO5yfTuxeoiNY5myCgBK5GlwZRnzasI7G9OvxGCQ6kY8lx9pYGB0ccA-hixlrBjvMiNjDpiFE0x6PjYcFogcGS0pClPp30OCVpBbLjUkGQVUcDFrM6sbnPvwZmNWg/w400-h225/IMG_20260913_131632592_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;といっても「忠臣蔵」の認知度はおよそ40％程度とされていて1980年以降生まれの方は年末大型時代劇の放映が激減・途絶した時期に育ったため、テレビを通じて日常的に『忠臣蔵』に触れる機会がなく、「その名前すら知らない」世代だそうです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;さて、赤穂義士は四十七士と言われますが四十八番目の志士として名高いのが「萱野三平重実」です。討ち入りの誓紙に名を連ねながらも、父への孝行と亡き主君への忠義の板挟みとなり、討ち入り前にわずか27歳で自刃された人物です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;その自刃されたお屋敷が萱野交差点からすぐの場所にあります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSd95iw9UmM5j0W9oKHZVa8mdlcyo_GVYxZ_7RDhz3hurHFhDT37kimXjnPCRwqZBR6jbglpWpR5qURUpM2jbl7vvsaIdGE5so_0tRXKpGy4F_8RmOoyzDcABb9Vzk70zg37HmTWfAL4tizbIiUppH9EdOx66fuNpwRD8bav5EM_aCB4eeqLmmtgRz4sS8/s4096/IMG_20260913_130539019_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="3072" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSd95iw9UmM5j0W9oKHZVa8mdlcyo_GVYxZ_7RDhz3hurHFhDT37kimXjnPCRwqZBR6jbglpWpR5qURUpM2jbl7vvsaIdGE5so_0tRXKpGy4F_8RmOoyzDcABb9Vzk70zg37HmTWfAL4tizbIiUppH9EdOx66fuNpwRD8bav5EM_aCB4eeqLmmtgRz4sS8/w300-h400/IMG_20260913_130539019_HDR.jpg" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxwlJ4nTngOK0tkMyA6PLEL5TPY1uzdWOywyPBrfLTw2yFvLo2wu7aIBb_uRNP0Uhp_elHtuJlJ8IsfrGvx4yxMUBZbwgUZffHthi2Iscr7es7xiTK_NZl-sKNawKMaOPDoR4H2GYQXCRpXE-KxVT7B40HIe43vjvgc9UsGhehbnlupO_Fs8i20uLmo2_4/s4096/IMG_20260913_130552663_HDR~2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="3072" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxwlJ4nTngOK0tkMyA6PLEL5TPY1uzdWOywyPBrfLTw2yFvLo2wu7aIBb_uRNP0Uhp_elHtuJlJ8IsfrGvx4yxMUBZbwgUZffHthi2Iscr7es7xiTK_NZl-sKNawKMaOPDoR4H2GYQXCRpXE-KxVT7B40HIe43vjvgc9UsGhehbnlupO_Fs8i20uLmo2_4/w300-h400/IMG_20260913_130552663_HDR~2.jpg" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. 原文（翻刻）&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;片泉ハ赤穂義士萱野三平重實ニシ&lt;br /&gt;テ忠孝兩全ノ士也句ハ嗣孫七郎左&lt;br /&gt;衞門重好ノ傳フル所能ク其意&lt;br /&gt;ヲ盡セリ今ヤ國ヲ擧テ東亞新秩&lt;br /&gt;序ヲ建設セムトス秋其々々&lt;br /&gt;皆其得材ヲ播州赤穂ノ上攝州御影ノ&lt;br /&gt;二ニ求メ其邸址ニ建ツ以テ志ヲ嗣ク&lt;br /&gt;ト云爾&lt;br /&gt;紀元二千六百二年二月十日&lt;br /&gt;大阪赤穂義士會&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. 読み下し文&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;片泉（へんせん）は赤穂義士萱野三平重実にして、忠孝両全の士なり。&lt;br /&gt;句は嗣孫（しそん）七郎左衛門重好（しちろうざえもん しげよし）の伝ふるところ、良くその意を尽くせり。&lt;br /&gt;今や国を挙げて東亜新秩序を建設せんとす。&lt;br /&gt;秋（とき）それそれ、皆その得たる材を播州赤穂の上、摂州御影の二に求め、&lt;br /&gt;その邸址に建て、以て志を嗣ぐと云ふ爾（しか）云ふ。&lt;br /&gt;紀元二千六百二年二月十日&lt;br /&gt;大阪赤穂義士会&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. 現代語訳&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;「片泉（へんせん：萱野三平の俳号）」とは、赤穂義士である萱野三平重実のことであり、主君への忠義と親への孝行の双方を全うした人物です。&lt;br /&gt;（碑に刻まれた三平の）句は、子孫である七郎左衛門重好に伝えられたものであり、三平の真意を実によく表しています。&lt;br /&gt;いまや国を挙げて東亜新秩序を建設しようとしている時であり、まさに今こそ、（三平の遺徳を顕彰するために人々は）それぞれ入手した（ゆかりの建築）材料を、播州赤穂のほか摂州御影の2箇所に尋ね求めて集め、その屋敷跡に（記念の建築や碑を）建て、これによって三平の志を受け継ぐのである、とのことです。&lt;br /&gt;皇紀2602年（昭和17年／1942年）2月10日&lt;br /&gt;大阪赤穂義士会&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;※赤穂義士萱野三平重実と御影（現在の神戸市東灘区）のつながりは神戸・御影の地にも萱野家の一族・子孫（分家）が移住・定住していました。碑文に登場する三平の子孫である「七郎左衛門重好（しちろうざえもん しげよし）」の系譜や関連資料・遺品は、御影の地に渡り保管されていた歴史があります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;辞世の句&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: medium;"&gt;晴れゆくや日頃心の花曇り　　涓泉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;浅野内匠頭が江戸城で刃傷事件を起こして無念の切腹となった後、三平は同志（大石内蔵助ら）と誓紙を交わし、亡き主君への忠義を果たすため仇討ち（討ち入り）への参加を固く決意していました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;しかし、三平の実家（旗本大島家の代官職）の父は、吉良家や幕府と深いつながりがあったため、赤穂浪士との関わりを強く反対し、他家への再仕官を強く迫ります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;・主君への忠義と同志への義理（忠）&lt;br /&gt;・実父の教えに従い家を守る孝行（孝）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;当時の武士道精神において、このふたつの価値観はどちらも捨てがたい極限の葛藤でした。&lt;br /&gt;どちらを選んでも一方を裏切ることになるという「忠孝両全」の叶わぬ現実に、彼の心は来る日も来る日も「花曇り」のように重く暗く閉ざされていたのです。&lt;br /&gt;進退極まった三平は、同志の情報を父に漏らすこともできず、さりとて父の制止を振り切って討ち入りに行くこともできず、主君の月命日に自刃するという決断を下します。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;わずか27歳。死を選ぶことによって、父への孝行を立てつつ、自死の理由を遺書で明かすことで同志への義理と忠義を貫きました。&lt;br /&gt;この句における「晴れゆくや」は、生きている間はどうしても解けなかった葛藤から解放され、死をもって自身の節義を全うできるという最後の心の静けさと澄み切った境地を表しています。&lt;br /&gt;春の訪れを予感させる優美な「花曇り」という季語の裏に、武士としての矜持と葛藤を抱えて命を散らした若者の、哀しくも切ない清々しさが込められた名句です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.city.minoh.lg.jp/bunkazai/sanpei.html" target="_blank"&gt;萱野三平記念館&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.city.minoh.lg.jp/bunkazai/sanpei.html" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.city.minoh.lg.jp/bunkazai/sanpei.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2QHOd9RAdfztV7hCfAJkmRjI4hNQZwK5N8e3zrdtogfb-r_XAZhnUQpDJg7EhXxBd4K5p1OV_wncxils7oOUl4wvzHNN0iYkLl64Zgf7BXobDztlQ-fqhxdup-WXKFWe40ol9W4Ft3ce6JZUNRZidZ0IbdggmkhKokQYu8JEBR1aloLKpzIZRyxLNU2Zs/s72-w400-h225-c/IMG_20260913_125306206_HDR.jpg" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒562-0014 大阪府箕面市萱野３丁目１０−４</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.8277831 135.4842479</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.5175492638211523 100.32799790000001 63.138016936178843 170.6404979</georss:box></item><item><title>日露戦争余話：天下茶屋の俘虜(捕虜)収容所（明治38年1月11日）</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/09/38111.html</link><category>日露戦争</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Thu, 8 Oct 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-1924261091083156660</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;日露戦争後は多くのロシア兵の捕虜を日本が養っていたわけですから相当な苦労があったことでしょう。大阪では最大規模の収容所で、2万人以上の捕虜が収容されました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;浜寺捕虜収容所（堺市／高石市）&lt;br /&gt;現在の住所: 大阪府高石市羽衣公園丁（および堺市西区浜寺公園町にかけてのエリア）で現在の浜寺公園およびその周辺の住宅街にあたります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;***引用**泉大津石ホームページ　　　&lt;a href="https://www.city.izumiotsu.lg.jp/kakuka/koushitsu/hishokoho/shinainomeishokyuuseki/roshiaheibochi.html" target="_blank"&gt;ロシア兵墓地／泉大津市&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;明治37年～38年、多くのロシア兵が日露戦争で捕虜となって日本各地に収容され、高石の海岸につくられた収容所にも、多いときには2万人もの捕虜が収容されていました。地区の住民が異国の地で寂しく死んでいった兵士のために、自分たちの墓地のうち約600平方メートルを提供して造り、現在も春日町墓地の中に89基の墓石が並んでいます。また、墓地の中央付近には、当時のロシア政府によって建てられた五稜の石碑があり、ロシア語など5か国語で「御霊よ、安らかなれ」と刻まれています。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcb5myscj7049taF7wf_A4L5FccHDWsce57vhJDA7poaKesu3fUscFYASDVFc1e5wmZDojNA9uSvkzX2BT5-VRFFpDBZaRwstc5SzGHVyBOS1TdE_4IADfdSll7ZtzRzEsAJcJMsJ-TGJvlDE_C10ypV0Q59cf8J2dOkWWKZMXyYQaG4JELlDFiAjwpmyy/s300/roshiabochi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="300" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcb5myscj7049taF7wf_A4L5FccHDWsce57vhJDA7poaKesu3fUscFYASDVFc1e5wmZDojNA9uSvkzX2BT5-VRFFpDBZaRwstc5SzGHVyBOS1TdE_4IADfdSll7ZtzRzEsAJcJMsJ-TGJvlDE_C10ypV0Q59cf8J2dOkWWKZMXyYQaG4JELlDFiAjwpmyy/w400-h264/roshiabochi.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirlQnv3zKNL8IkrTZ8xiUQDK-oslTE1ceWwK8jjBXG6T3JXR2ybD8-Kr-j0KYU5zAivrxldLS_vW4clPiPbpleFLEitKnJ57caXdQkoQb9c0jVbF7YGBrg3gAugkdd2oFBBqucNgGplI92Qqm0M1YBYoSbPFf9jBIiL-0eaYL8H-bsC1RG-a_Auj_vmPAk/s685/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-09-01%20083252.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="685" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirlQnv3zKNL8IkrTZ8xiUQDK-oslTE1ceWwK8jjBXG6T3JXR2ybD8-Kr-j0KYU5zAivrxldLS_vW4clPiPbpleFLEitKnJ57caXdQkoQb9c0jVbF7YGBrg3gAugkdd2oFBBqucNgGplI92Qqm0M1YBYoSbPFf9jBIiL-0eaYL8H-bsC1RG-a_Auj_vmPAk/w400-h329/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-09-01%20083252.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;***********&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;天王寺捕虜収容所（大阪市天王寺区）&lt;br /&gt;当時の概要: 天王寺の公会堂や寺院などが収容施設として利用され現在の天王寺公園（慶沢園や大阪市立美術館周辺）の敷地内にあたります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;南禅寺・各寺院の仮収容施設（大阪市内各地）&lt;br /&gt;開戦当初や収容人数が増加した際、市内の主要な寺院（東本願寺難波別院＝南御堂など）が一時的な収容先や傷病兵の療養施設として使われました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;大阪に送られた捕虜の多くは、傷病兵の療養や浜寺などの大規模仮設収容所での生活を送った後、講和条約（ポーツマス条約）の発効に伴い本国へと帰還しました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◎&amp;nbsp;西成区区史　昭和43年10月1日発刊 に記載の文章を読みやすいように整えました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;日露戦争余話：天下茶屋の俘虜(捕虜)収容所（明治38年1月11日）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;留守第四師団司令部は、新築された陸軍予備病院今宮分院に「大阪天下茶屋俘虜収容所」の看板を掲げ、近々送られてくる予定の旅順のロシア人捕虜3,000人を収容することに決めました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;食事は自炊と定め、当面の間のみ請負業者による提供とします。1日の食事費は准士官以上が60銭、下士官以下は30銭を与えます。衣服は捕虜が所有するものを使用させ、破損した場合は支給します。また、捕虜の将校2人に対して従卒（身の回りの世話をする兵）1人を付け、一般に間食も与えて、できる限り優遇することとしました。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;収容所の位置と構造（明治38年1月12日）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;今回設置された天下茶屋捕虜収容所（元の予備分病院）は、天下茶屋駅の少し北東、線路の西側にある畑の中にあり、敷地は約6万坪（約20万平方メートル）あります。周囲は杉の板塀で囲まれ、庁舎は板や防水紙で屋根を葺いた平屋建てが60棟あります。&lt;br /&gt;そのほか、外科事務室、包帯交換室、調理室、手術室、厨房、衛生兵や憲兵の詰所などの付属施設があります。井戸も備え付けられていますが、飲み水には水道水を使うこととし、昨日から水道管の敷設作業に取りかかり、電話や電灯も設置されました。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;天下茶屋の捕虜による騒ぎ（明治38年1月17日）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;天下茶屋収容所では、一昨々日から捕虜のうち20人を調理人（料理人）として自炊させることになりました。厨房は第1～第3区に分かれており、第1区はすでに朝食の準備に取りかかろうとしていました。しかし、第2・第3区の調理人の中に自炊に不満を持つ者がおり、口裏を合わせて「自炊はしない。もし料理を作ったらぶち殺すぞ」と第1区の調理人を脅し、結局1人も調理に就かなくなってしまいました。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;監督将校が通訳を介して何度も言い聞かせましたが頑として聞き入れず、そればかりか捕虜の中の班長（リーダー）が説得しても聞き入れないどころか、挙句の果てに班長を殴打する者まで現れました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;そのため衛兵が警戒を強化し、中心人物と思われる43人を捕まえて営倉（牢屋）に入れました。しかし、昨日の午後5時になっても依然として自炊を拒み、これまで通りの配給を求めて横柄な態度をとっています。手厚くもてなすと捕虜の立場を忘れてつけ上がるため、「自炊するまで放っておけばいいのではないか」と言う者もおり、いずれにせよ厄介な客（捕虜）であります。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;捕虜自炊事件の鎮静（おさまり）（明治38年2月20日）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;天下茶屋での捕虜自炊拒否事件について、まだ500人余りが納得せず主張を続けていました。しかし、歩兵第8連隊補充大隊から収容所に派遣されていた衛兵の中に、13歳の時から13年間ロシアに住んでいた兵卒がいることが判明しました。 &lt;br /&gt;そこで、試しに彼を通訳として当たらせ、「自炊をすれば自分たちの口に合う食事が作れる」「定められた予算から工夫すれば費用を節約でき、結果として各自の食べる量を増やせる」「食パンも捕虜の中で心得がある者に作らせれば美味しいものが食べられる」といった自炊のメリットを詳しく説得させました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;非常に丁寧で細かいニュアンスまで言葉の意味が伝わったため、捕虜たちは納得して自炊を快諾しました。&amp;nbsp; 最後までしつこく自炊を拒んでいた500人余りも、昨日・今日と「自炊をさせてほしい」と申し出てきました。さらに「今後、自分たちへの指示や連絡事項は、今回の指示のように詳しく明確に通訳してほしい」と要望を出し、事件は一件落着となりました。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;捕虜の数（明治38年3月5日）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;天下茶屋収容所の捕虜の数は、6,062人となりました。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;捕虜収容所について（明治38年3月19日）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;天下茶屋分所の捕虜6,047人は、18日午後をもって浜寺の仮設テント（幕舎）への移動を完了しました。跡地は以前の報道通り予備病院の分院とするため、建物の内外を大掃除して徹底的に消毒することになりました。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;町と名勝（天下茶屋の風景）（明治43年4月18日 朝日新聞）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ロシア捕虜収容所や陸軍予備病院として一時賑わった天下茶屋かいわいも、戦争が終わり平和が戻ると静まりかえりました。&lt;br /&gt;しかし、南海天下茶屋駅の東側にある山の手一帯をはじめ、豊臣秀吉や千利休（紹鴎）ゆかりの史跡がある住吉街道沿いなどは、当時流行し始めた「郊外生活」の人気に応えるように、絶好の別荘地として住宅が急激に増えました。 まず天下茶屋の街を紹介しましょう。駅を降りて東へ約300メートル、こんもりとした松林を目指して進むと、弓を引く弦の音が響き、花びらが風に舞っています。ここは弓術クラブが開かれているようで、矢の勢いを確かめる人の姿が見えます。&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;落ちてくる花びらを袖に受けながら聖天山（しょうてんやま）を左に進むと、「地主 芝川」と書かれた古びた表札のある門に入ります。小高い丘に登ると、吉野の竹林院から移植したという数十本の桜の古木が満開に咲き誇っています。&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;その奥を抜けて聖天様の境内に入ると、「一幹に五条の竜が立ち昇る」と呼ばれる有名な松があり、緑の木陰で清々しい空気を吸うことができます。この一帯はどこも公園のように美しく整備されています。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;阿部野神社へ回ると、社殿の左側にある手水井戸の傍らに一本の桜が二分咲きの花を咲かせています。石畳を下って街道筋に出ると、歴史に名を残す「天下茶屋の旧蹟」があります。&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;「木」という文字の形も面白い看板が立つ新築の天下茶屋郵便局が見え、電話も16日から開通しました。文明という名の悪魔（文明開化の波）は、いよいよこの静かな土地をも包み込もうとしています。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcb5myscj7049taF7wf_A4L5FccHDWsce57vhJDA7poaKesu3fUscFYASDVFc1e5wmZDojNA9uSvkzX2BT5-VRFFpDBZaRwstc5SzGHVyBOS1TdE_4IADfdSll7ZtzRzEsAJcJMsJ-TGJvlDE_C10ypV0Q59cf8J2dOkWWKZMXyYQaG4JELlDFiAjwpmyy/s72-w400-h264-c/roshiabochi.jpg" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒595-0061 大阪府泉大津市春日町</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.5067235 135.4092159</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.1802237399146378 100.25296589999999 62.833223260085362 170.5654659</georss:box></item><item><title>10-10. 奉天入場と連合艦隊解散之辞</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/10/10-10.html</link><category>日露戦争</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Tue, 6 Oct 2026 15:35:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-5187555094781152952</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;奉天会戦は、1905年（明治38年）2月から3月にかけて、日露両軍合わせて約60万の大軍が満州の奉天周辺で激突した世界最高峰の大会戦です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrQa-44hSJVY7oUXawk9y61OIaAAnwBk8IcVGUzOHx76NdcKZxJhH_XAD2wt-yJRM5Rk9HnKAG2lXt0s-lOUbkej-mq-VCKZgEq_d2qPtfQ4LP-CMaSD33OHGaSFP59YaWs2x-neipTEVDk_E0RkZ1cTPPtoJBHLIxCq-VOtlZ-EwtgaxUmljQ50TwYWF0/s550/rikujou09_detail_ph03.jpg"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrQa-44hSJVY7oUXawk9y61OIaAAnwBk8IcVGUzOHx76NdcKZxJhH_XAD2wt-yJRM5Rk9HnKAG2lXt0s-lOUbkej-mq-VCKZgEq_d2qPtfQ4LP-CMaSD33OHGaSFP59YaWs2x-neipTEVDk_E0RkZ1cTPPtoJBHLIxCq-VOtlZ-EwtgaxUmljQ50TwYWF0/w400-h286/rikujou09_detail_ph03.jpg" width="400"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&amp;quot;, Osaka, &amp;quot;ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3&amp;quot;, verdana, &amp;quot;MS PGothic&amp;quot;, sans-serif"&gt;▲奉天での将軍たち&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;左から、黒木為楨、野津道貫、山県有朋、大山巌、奥保鞏、乃木希典、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック, Osaka, ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3, verdana, MS PGothic, sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span&gt;児玉源太郎、川村景明　（防衛省防衛研究所所蔵）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック, Osaka, ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3, verdana, MS PGothic, sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.jacar.go.jp/"&gt;https://www.jacar.go.jp/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;日本軍は多大な犠牲を払いながらもロシア軍を敗退させ、3月25日に奉天城へと入城を果たしました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;この3月25日は後に「陸軍記念日」となり、戦前は国を挙げてこの勝利を祝いました。&lt;br&gt;この詩は、当時の国民や前線の将兵が、ロシアの脅威を退けて奉天城を占領した我が軍&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;奉天城へ入るときにその門に下記のように書かれていたそうです。&lt;br&gt;五天雨露 酬鴻業（ごてんのうろ こうぎょうにむくい）&lt;br&gt;百万貔貅 衛鳳城（ひゃくまんのひきゅう ほうじょうをまもる）&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;天（天皇陛下）の広大な慈悲やご加護が、日露戦争という国家の命運を賭けた一大事業（鴻業）の成功という形で見事に報われた。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;勇猛無比なる百万の日本軍（比貅）が、激戦の末に激突した満州の要衝・奉天城（ここではロシア軍から奪取し、天子の威光が及ぶ拠点となった城を「鳳城」と美称している、あるいは日本の皇居を守り抜いたという意味）をしっかりと守護・平定した。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ドラマ「坂の上の雲」は下記の言葉で締めくくられていました。&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;日露戦争勝利後の1905年（明治38年）12月21日、連合艦隊を解散する際に発表された名文『連合艦隊解散之辞（れんごうかんたいかいさん の じ）』の締めくくり部分です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;名義（発信者）&lt;/b&gt;：連合艦隊司令長官 &lt;b&gt;東郷平八郎&lt;/b&gt; 海軍大将&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;実際の起草者（代筆）&lt;/b&gt;：連合艦隊参謀 &lt;b&gt;秋山真之&lt;/b&gt; 海軍中佐&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;日露戦争が終結し、役目を終えた連合艦隊を解散するにあたり、東郷平八郎司令長官が将兵に向けて送った告別辞（訓示)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;我等軍人は&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;主として武力を&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;形而上に&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;求めるべからず&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;惟(おも)ふに武人の一生は&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;連綿不断の戦争にして&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;時の平戦に由り&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;其の責務に&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;軽重あるの理なし&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;事有れば武力を発揮し&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;事無ければ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;これを修養し&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;終始一貫&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;その本分を尽くさんのみ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;神明はただ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;平素の鍛錬に力(つと)め&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;戦はずして&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;すでに勝てる者に&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;勝利の栄冠を&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;授くると同時に&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;一勝に満足して&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;治平に安んずるものより&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;ただちにこれをうばふ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;古人曰く&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;勝って兜の緒を締めよと&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;我々軍人は、主として武力（兵器や力量などの外見的な強さ）を、精神的な抽象論だけに求めてはならない。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;思うに、武人の一生は途切れることのない戦いであり、平和な時であれ戦時であれ、その責務の重さに違いがあるわけではない。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;事があれば武力を発揮し、事がなければ鍛錬に励み、終始一貫してその本分を果たすべきである。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;神明（天・神様）は、平素の鍛錬に努め、戦う前にすでに勝てる状態を作っている者にこそ勝利の栄冠を授ける。それと同時に、たった一度の勝利に満足して平和に甘んじる者からは、ただちにその栄冠を奪い去ってしまう。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;古人も「勝って兜の緒を締めよ」と言っているではないか。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrQa-44hSJVY7oUXawk9y61OIaAAnwBk8IcVGUzOHx76NdcKZxJhH_XAD2wt-yJRM5Rk9HnKAG2lXt0s-lOUbkej-mq-VCKZgEq_d2qPtfQ4LP-CMaSD33OHGaSFP59YaWs2x-neipTEVDk_E0RkZ1cTPPtoJBHLIxCq-VOtlZ-EwtgaxUmljQ50TwYWF0/s72-w400-h286-c/rikujou09_detail_ph03.jpg" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-9.バルチック艦隊との闘い</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/09/10-8.html</link><category>日露戦争</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Fri, 2 Oct 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-8860292937664992820</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;ドラマ「坂の上の雲」での日本海海戦は203高地奪還とともにヤマ場の一つ。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2VgjuA40QAwzRZJnYB4Cxqhe63RmCygm_bq4Vy_34pUxQ9hOEicx-CKAt9uxVy2NusOuZnpDnBiZ1aHkkbz3NJS3_9XjYRUyvwHu3h5AugCcpD9EEKCMwSsWm4PEHtUz15KX0xNl6sSxqLivsx669v2gvXeUQri-ZTImmhxNJxR1Gl6liUOE_PPnDUIII/s650/mikasa_lucnch.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="650" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2VgjuA40QAwzRZJnYB4Cxqhe63RmCygm_bq4Vy_34pUxQ9hOEicx-CKAt9uxVy2NusOuZnpDnBiZ1aHkkbz3NJS3_9XjYRUyvwHu3h5AugCcpD9EEKCMwSsWm4PEHtUz15KX0xNl6sSxqLivsx669v2gvXeUQri-ZTImmhxNJxR1Gl6liUOE_PPnDUIII/w640-h456/mikasa_lucnch.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.kinenkan-mikasa.or.jp/mikasa/" target="_blank"&gt;記念艦「三笠」&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.kinenkan-mikasa.or.jp/mikasa/" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.kinenkan-mikasa.or.jp/mikasa/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ロシアは日本海軍を制圧するためにバルト海のクロンシュタットにいた艦隊の中から有力な艦を選抜、ロジェストヴェンスキー中将率いるバルチック艦隊はウラジオストックへ大移動を行いました。&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;当時の船は蒸気レシプロ機関で、簡単に言えば、石炭などを燃やしてお湯を発生させ、その蒸気をピストン運動へ変換しスクリューを回転させています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;そのため、船には多くの石炭をはじめ固形燃料が必要なために長距離航路では、水や燃料の補給が必須でした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1904年10月の出航早々、北海においてでイギリス漁船を日本の魚雷艇と誤認し砲撃（ドッガーバンク事件）、これによりイギリスから圧力をかけられるだけでなく、日英同盟により、バルチック艦隊はスエズ運河の通航不可、大英帝国植民地系へ寄港不可という悪条件でアフリカ喜望峰を迂回するルートとなります。寄港地はフランス植民地のマダガスカルやインドシナで海上輸送が続き相当なストレスと疲労が溜まっていた事でしょう。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;そして1905年5月(明治38年)に対馬海峡を越えたあたりで日本海海戦が始まりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;秋山真之参謀は、対馬沖でバルチック艦隊を発見した報告を参謀本部へ打電する原稿に「本日天気晴朗ナレドモ波高シと加筆しました。ドラマでこの打電の意味について「視界良好で敵を逃すことはなく、荒波の中で訓練した私たちとって有利だ」との意味を込めていたそうです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;東郷平八郎司令長官は「皇國ノ興廢此ノ一戰ニ在リ、各員一層奮勵努力セヨ」と伝令させ「Z旗」をあげさせました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;目前にバルチック艦隊が目前まで迫ってきます。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;そこで東郷平八郎は右手を高々に上げ「取り舵いっぱい」と指示を出し、かの「東郷ターン」を発動。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;敵が隊列をなして向かってくる進行方向に対して行方を遮るように隊列を転換させることで敵は最前列の1隻の主砲しか攻撃でいないが、味方は敵に対して横向きの全艦での攻撃が可能となります。しかし転換を終えるまでは戦闘の戦艦三笠は標的となってしまう・・。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;「坂の上の雲」は真実とは異なるようで様々な研究がされています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;「&lt;a href="https://rekishikaido.php.co.jp/detail/3932" target="_blank"&gt;web歴史街道&lt;/a&gt;」を参照してください&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://rekishikaido.php.co.jp/detail/3932"&gt;https://rekishikaido.php.co.jp/detail/3932&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;東郷大将が大本営へ打電する戦況報告分&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;「此の対戦に於ける敵の兵力、我と大差あるにあらず、敵の将卒も亦、その祖国の為に極力奮闘したるを認む。而も、聯合艦隊が能く勝を制して前記の如き奇蹟を収め得たるものは一に 　天皇陛下御稜威の致すところにして、固より人為の能くすべきにあらず。特に我が軍の損失死傷の僅少なりしは、歴代神霊の加護によるものと信仰するの外なく、曩に敵に対して勇進敢戦した麾下将卒も、此の成果を見るに及んで、唯感激の極言ふ所を知らざるものゝ如し」 　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;現代文訳）&lt;br /&gt;この戦いにおける敵の兵力は、我が軍と大きな差があったわけではない。また、敵の将兵たちも自国のために全力を尽くして戦ったことを認める。それにもかかわらず、連合艦隊が完全な勝利を収め、先述したような奇跡的とも言える戦果を上げることができたのは、ひとえに天皇陛下の御威光（お力）によるものであり、もとより人間の力だけで成し遂げられることではない。特に我が軍の被害や死傷者が極めて少なかったことは、歴代の神々の御加護によるものと信じるほかなく、さきに敵に向かって勇敢に突撃し戦った部下の将兵たちも、この結果を見るに及んで、ただただ感激の極みであり、言葉も出ない様子である。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2VgjuA40QAwzRZJnYB4Cxqhe63RmCygm_bq4Vy_34pUxQ9hOEicx-CKAt9uxVy2NusOuZnpDnBiZ1aHkkbz3NJS3_9XjYRUyvwHu3h5AugCcpD9EEKCMwSsWm4PEHtUz15KX0xNl6sSxqLivsx669v2gvXeUQri-ZTImmhxNJxR1Gl6liUOE_PPnDUIII/s72-w640-h456-c/mikasa_lucnch.jpg" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-8. 乃木希典と爾霊山</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji8.html</link><category>日露戦争</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-8029129385674319296</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-qmKVoq68dv7f3Kq2wkJvulp-9HWnKHoaHKpiPwZwYrSIJmAhmV6LrWyw8llaBf7_OLs0uDGvfsKo0cHlwi3EMaagUeUvMT-Dqvz2IFfTLQXwfWQlNoXRkEYFeNsLx2fXOGXKhvicWKSGDEHVth3oqM47WphFf0TFtWsX-9HzeUKltPKnKeRV0jXN84k2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="941" height="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-qmKVoq68dv7f3Kq2wkJvulp-9HWnKHoaHKpiPwZwYrSIJmAhmV6LrWyw8llaBf7_OLs0uDGvfsKo0cHlwi3EMaagUeUvMT-Dqvz2IFfTLQXwfWQlNoXRkEYFeNsLx2fXOGXKhvicWKSGDEHVth3oqM47WphFf0TFtWsX-9HzeUKltPKnKeRV0jXN84k2=w640-h602" width="640" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/gA66pDk2aZHa1Jj16"&gt;https://maps.app.goo.gl/gA66pDk2aZHa1Jj16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWq8Oz1BzSYpSvb0mhUflR9toQfFGGkwXRyZH-HQrsS3y8hT7myzbqCAzz9EtMJ64gcpZ42vF5CzK6pOn9plpKNxft63SsZWJAqjEJgbGBAENmLzIuuFBNCzIXUSbhFLp5UbJIGVcPtzs8-6YeOfyPsIxrPoSkdnN9PRZ0wFKM54rpHypz1KRgQfsT_HHC/s867/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-31%20113337.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="867" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWq8Oz1BzSYpSvb0mhUflR9toQfFGGkwXRyZH-HQrsS3y8hT7myzbqCAzz9EtMJ64gcpZ42vF5CzK6pOn9plpKNxft63SsZWJAqjEJgbGBAENmLzIuuFBNCzIXUSbhFLp5UbJIGVcPtzs8-6YeOfyPsIxrPoSkdnN9PRZ0wFKM54rpHypz1KRgQfsT_HHC/w400-h328/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-31%20113337.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;旅順港閉塞作戦が目的を果たさなかったため、ヨーロッパから向かってくるロシアの「バルチック艦隊」が到着する前に旅順港に立てこもるロシア太平洋艦隊(旅順艦隊)を無力化し、岸壁を守護する旅順要塞を攻略する必要がありました。旅順要塞は最新鋭のコンクリート陣地や地雷、有刺鉄線、機関銃陣地を備えた世界屈指の永久要塞でした。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;すごく参考になるサイトです！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.jacar.go.jp/exhibition/nichiro2/index.html" target="_blank"&gt;日露戦争特別展2 ｜ 開戦から日本海海戦まで 激闘500日の記録&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆1904年8月　旅順攻囲戦の開始（第1次・第2次総攻撃）&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;・第1次総攻撃（1904年8月19日〜24日）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8月19日に日本軍は要塞の防衛機構を軽視、正面からの歩兵による一斉突撃を試みましたが&amp;nbsp; ロシア軍の機関銃射撃と激しい砲撃の前に、日本兵は遮蔽物のない斜面で次々と倒れました。一部の陣地(盤竜山砲台など)の奪取には成功したものの、要塞の中枢部には届かず&amp;nbsp; わずか数日の戦闘で日本軍は約1万5,000名(当時の第三軍の約3割)におよぶ甚大な死傷者を出しました。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;・第2次総攻撃（1904年10月26日〜30日）&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;第1次の失敗を受け、日本軍は戦術を正攻法(地道に穴を掘り、陣地を削りながら前進する掘壕進撃)へ変更。また、内地から28cm榴弾砲などの重砲を運搬・据え付けて砲撃戦を補強し10月26日に第2次総攻撃を開始。本城子堡塁や203高地などを標的として攻撃を行いましたが大部分で失敗。要塞の一部拠点は破壊・確保したものの、ロシア軍の粘り強い抗戦と重火器の前に阻まれ、約4,000名の死傷者を出して総攻撃は途中で断念されました。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;◆1904年11月26日　203高地攻撃（第3次総攻撃：&lt;/b&gt;明治37年11月26日～12月6日）&lt;br /&gt;バルチック艦隊の来航を恐れる海軍や参謀本部は、観測拠点となる「203高地」の攻略を主攻とするよう要求、 しかし、満洲軍総司令部や第三軍（乃木希典司令官）は要塞正面の「望台」攻略を優先する立場を崩さず、上層部の意見対立が攻撃計画に混乱をもたらすことになりました。&lt;p data-path-to-node="4"&gt;『坂の上の雲』では秋山真之が「203高地だけでええんじゃ」と何度も口にしていましたが、やはり多くの同胞の死を無駄にしないためにという気持ちがあったのか、今までの戦法にこだわったのでしょう。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="5"&gt;11月26日、日本軍は第三回総攻撃を開始、第1、第9、第11の各師団が松寿山・二龍山・東鶏冠山の各堡塁へ突撃しましたが、ロシア軍の猛烈な集中砲火や逆襲により壊滅的な打撃を受ける結果となりました。
同日夜には特別予備隊「白襷隊」が編成、夜更けに進軍したものの、鉄条網や地雷に阻まれて突破には失敗しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="6"&gt;27日未明、攻撃挫折を受けた乃木はついに攻略目標を203高地へ変更することを決断しました。
敵味方を消耗戦に引き込み、ロシア軍の兵員枯渇を狙う方針へ転換しました。
同日夕方より28センチ榴弾砲（大阪砲兵工廠生産で、爆発時に弾丸の破片が広範囲に飛散するよう設計され、最終的には18門が投入されて延べ16,940発を発射）の事前射撃とともに第1師団が突撃を開始しました。激しい攻防が繰り広げられましたが、ロシア軍の反撃により占領と奪還が繰り返され、戦況は難航、 29日には予備の第7師団が投入されましたが、ロシア軍の強固な抵抗により死傷者が相次ぎました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="7"&gt;12月1日、満洲軍総参謀長の児玉源太郎大将が第三軍に到着しました。児玉の指導のもと、重砲隊の陣地変更が行われました。
28センチ榴弾砲による一昼夜15分ごとの連続砲撃、小規模突撃隊の連続投入、敵増援部隊への砲撃などが実施されました。
12月4日からの再攻撃により、5日午前には西南堡塁を制圧し、同日22時には203高地を完全に占領するに至りました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="8"&gt;203高地の占領後、設置された観測所からの正確な砲撃により、旅順港内にいたロシア太平洋艦隊の主要艦艇は次々と撃破・自沈し、ほぼ全滅となりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="9"&gt;勢いに乗る日本軍は要塞東北面への攻撃を続行しました。
12月中旬から爆薬を用いた坑道爆破を実施し、東鶏冠山北堡塁、二竜山堡塁、松樹山堡塁を相次いで攻略しました。
明治38（1905）年1月1日には重要拠点である望台を占領しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="10"&gt;主要拠点を失い予備兵力も枯渇したロシア軍のステッセル司令官は、同日午後に降伏を申し出ました。
1月5日、水師営にて乃木とステッセルの会見が行われ、約5ヶ月に及ぶ旅順要塞攻防戦は終結となりました。
これにより自由を得た第三軍は、奉天会戦へと合流することになりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1905年1月、旅順要塞のロシア軍司令官ステッセルは降伏し、旅順攻囲戦は終結。&lt;br /&gt;◆1905年（明治38年）1月：旅順開城　日本陸軍がロシアの要塞・旅順を攻略。&lt;br /&gt;◆1905年（明治38年）3月：奉天会戦&lt;br /&gt;陸上戦における最大規模の決戦。日本軍が勝利を収めたが双方ともに莫大な損害を出し陸軍物資・人命は限界に達す。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;※乃木将軍とステッセル将軍のその互いに称えあったときの会見が【尋常小学校読本唱歌　明治43年7月】に掲載。作詞は佐佐木信綱。明治39年6月に【尋常小学校読本】のために文部省の嘱によって作られました。ほかにも有名な「夏は来ぬ」を作詞。三重県鈴鹿市石薬師町に佐佐木信綱記念館あり。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSmmatVeLT97wt8soslmDE1SJ4IJSmI08haTRMMysEAo6urvfn_vu1RVqQi4R8sPHz4pZKB-hrq9tiqAW7KQT9MZ4QYivqtwfKMwAERiEmgaWF-2e0tdtLWthguh0m0RHsU3N7fDIE3UkINJy6cBroekEh9m2rg2hWpTLEignZiUhXQB47YL7MZGnG2E0p/s4096/IMG_20260827_183251532_HDR%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSmmatVeLT97wt8soslmDE1SJ4IJSmI08haTRMMysEAo6urvfn_vu1RVqQi4R8sPHz4pZKB-hrq9tiqAW7KQT9MZ4QYivqtwfKMwAERiEmgaWF-2e0tdtLWthguh0m0RHsU3N7fDIE3UkINJy6cBroekEh9m2rg2hWpTLEignZiUhXQB47YL7MZGnG2E0p/w640-h360/IMG_20260827_183251532_HDR%20(1).jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1905年（明治38年）5月：日本海海戦&lt;br /&gt;東郷平八郎率いる日本海軍の連合艦隊がバルチック艦隊をほぼ壊滅。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1905年（明治38年）9月：ポーツマス条約（講和条約）締結&lt;br /&gt;アメリカ大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトの仲介により講和成立。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;日本は韓国における優先権、南樺太の割譲、旅順・大連の租借権、東清鉄道の一部（南満州鉄道）などを獲得。しかし一方で「賠償金」が得られなかったため、日本国内では不満が高まり日比谷焼打ち事件などが発生することとなりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="3"&gt;◆日露戦争（1904〜1905年）当時、ロシアは皇帝ニコライ2世によるツァーリ専制政治のもと、強権的な支配を行っていました。&lt;br /&gt;　この状況下で、日本陸軍の明石元二郎大佐は中立国のスウェーデン等を拠点に、ロシアの反体制派や独立運動家へ巨額の資金援助を実施。1904年にはジュネーヴでレーニンと会談します。当初レーニンは「祖国への裏切りだ」と拒否したものの、明石の「タタール人である君が、支配者であるロマノフ王朝を倒すために日本の力を借りて何が裏切りか」という説得に応じ、ロシア国内への潜入を果たしました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="5"&gt;明石はさらに内務大臣プレーヴェの暗殺や血の日曜日事件、戦艦ポチョムキンの叛乱などにも関与。これらの工作は後のロシア革命成功の布石となり、国内の混乱を決定づけました。その戦果はドイツ皇帝から「満州の日本軍20万人に匹敵する」と絶賛され、後にレーニンも「明石大佐には感謝状を出したいほどだ」と語ったと伝えられています。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆ショスタコービッチ　交響曲第11番 ト短調『1905年』作品103&lt;br /&gt;1957年に作曲された標題交響曲で「血の日曜日事件」をテーマに、今まで彼自身何度も抹殺されかけた経験からその体制を痛烈に憎んでいたのでしょうか。この交響曲には多くの民衆が宮殿広場へ直訴に行き、そして多くの軍隊から射殺される様子が音楽で表現されています。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆乃木希典　攻略後に読んだ歌&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;爾靈山嶮豈難攀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;男子功名期克艱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;鐵血覆山山形改&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;萬人齊仰爾靈山&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;爾霊山の道はいかにも険しいが、登り切ることができないなどということがあろうか&lt;br /&gt;（日本語）：にれいさん けんなれども あに のぼりがたからんや&lt;br /&gt;（漢音）：じ れい さん けん き なん はん&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;男子が手にする真の功名というものは、大きな困難や苦難を乗り越えてこそ成し遂げられるものだ。&lt;br /&gt;（日本語）：だんしの こうみょう かんに よくするを きす&lt;br /&gt;（漢音）：だん し こう めい き こく かん&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;激しい砲撃の鉄の破片と兵士たちの血潮が山全体を覆い尽くし、山の形が変わってしまうほどであった。&lt;br /&gt;（日本語）：てっけつ やまを おおって さんけい あらたまる&lt;br /&gt;（漢音）：てつ けつ ふく さん さん けい かい&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;今や人々はみな、この山を「あなたの霊が宿る山（爾霊山）」として等しく仰ぎ見るのだ。&lt;br /&gt;（日本語）：ばんじん ひとしく あおぐ にれいさん&lt;br /&gt;（漢音）：ばん じん せい こう じ れい さん&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆その後&lt;br /&gt;乃木希典は明治天皇が崩御された直後に妻の静子さんとともにご自宅で殉死されました。希典は日本刀で十文字の割腹後に軍刀で首を斬り絶命。静子さんは懐剣で胸を突き亡くなられました。原因は日露戦争で多くの若者を死なせたことに対する自責の念、明治天皇への忠誠心、そして武士道精神に基づく行動ではなかったかと言われています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;その墓地は東京青山墓地にありますが、明治天皇が眠られている明治天皇陵（伏見桃山陵）の麓に乃木神社が創建、 伏見桃山陵と京都御所の方角に背を向けないよう、本殿は北向きに建てられています。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆吉田松陰先生とのつながり&lt;br /&gt;乃木希典は15歳の時に下関から萩までの70Kmを歩き玉木文之進に教えを乞うています。玉木文之進は山鹿流兵学を学び松下村塾を開いた方でもあり、乃木家と玉木家、吉田家、杉家は超複雑ですが親戚関係のようです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;しかし玉木文之進は、1876年(明治9年)、山口県士族の前原一誠らが起こした不平士族の反乱(萩の乱)の中に松下村塾関係者が関与していたことに対する責任を取り松下村塾塾頭として切腹、その後松下村塾は閉鎖になりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆時期を同じくして1904年(明治37年)9月に、雑誌『明星』の9月号（明治37年9月発行）に与謝野晶子の詩が掲載され大反響を得ました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;君死にたまふことなかれ　&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;旅順口包圍軍の中に在る弟を歎きて　&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;與 謝 野 晶 子&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;ああ、弟よ、君を泣く、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君死にたまふことなかれ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　末に生れし君なれば&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　親のなさけは勝りしも、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　親は刃&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（やいば）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;をにぎらせて&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　人を殺せと敎へしや、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　人を殺して死ねよとて&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　廿四&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（にじふし）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;までを育てしや。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　堺の街のあきびとの&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　老舗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（しにせ）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;を誇るあるじにて、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: メイリオ; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　親の名を繼ぐ君なれば、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: メイリオ; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君死にたまふことなかれ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: メイリオ; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　旅順の城はほろぶとも、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: メイリオ; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　ほろびずとても、何事ぞ、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: メイリオ; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君は知らじな、あきびとの&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: メイリオ; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　家の習ひに無きことを。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君死にたまふことなかれ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　すめらみことは、戰ひに&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　おほみづからは出でまさね、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　互&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（かたみ）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;に人の血を流し、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　獸の道に死ねよとは、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　死ぬるを人の譽れとは、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　おほみこころの深ければ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　もとより如何で思&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（おぼ）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;されん。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　ああ、弟よ、戰ひに&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君死にたまふことなかれ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　過ぎにし秋を父君に&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　おくれたまへる母君は、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　歎きのなかに、いたましく、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　我子を召され、家を守&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（も）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;り、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　安しと聞ける大御代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（おほみよ）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;も&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　母の白髮&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（しらが）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;は増さりゆく。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　暖簾&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（のれん）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;のかげに伏して泣く&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　あえかに若き新妻を&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君忘るるや、思へるや。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　十月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（とつき）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;も添はで別れたる&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　少女&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8pt;"&gt;（をとめ）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;ごころを思ひみよ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="メイリオ" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: start;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　この世ひとりの君ならで&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　ああまた誰を頼むべき。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt;"&gt;　　君死にたまふことなかれ。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-qmKVoq68dv7f3Kq2wkJvulp-9HWnKHoaHKpiPwZwYrSIJmAhmV6LrWyw8llaBf7_OLs0uDGvfsKo0cHlwi3EMaagUeUvMT-Dqvz2IFfTLQXwfWQlNoXRkEYFeNsLx2fXOGXKhvicWKSGDEHVth3oqM47WphFf0TFtWsX-9HzeUKltPKnKeRV0jXN84k2=s72-w640-h602-c" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-7. 日露戦争開戦！その直前の動きと旅順港閉塞作戦の行方　そして広瀬中佐の死</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji7.html</link><category>日露戦争</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-7604420421578963164</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;今回はいよいよ日露戦争に突入です。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;日露戦争は日本側は9万人近くの戦没者と15万人以上の負傷者を出し、国家予算の何倍もの戦費が国民生活を強く圧迫、戦後は「日比谷焼打事件」等の情勢不安が発生、またロシア側も 戦死者約8万人、負傷者約14万人に加え、約8万人の捕虜が出るなど大きな損害を受けました。終戦後は戦費による経済悪化と軍の敗北が引き金となり、第一次ロシア革命が勃発、1905年に起きた「血の日曜日事件」をきっかけに、皇帝の独裁政治（ツァーリズム）に対する不満から民衆や労働者が蜂起した社会動乱です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;それでは、前回のエントリーに続きその経緯を時系列に記載します。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1904年(明治37年)2月4日: 御前会議において、ロシアとの交渉打ち切りと対露開戦を決定。&lt;br /&gt;＜御前会議の参会者＞&lt;br /&gt;・元老(大日本帝国憲法下の日本において、天皇を補佐し、国家の重大事を決定した超法規的な最高顧問・政治指導者で明治天皇の信頼がある人)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;伊藤博文：元老（前枢密院議長）　山縣有朋：元老（元内閣総理大臣・陸軍大将）&lt;br /&gt;井上馨：元老　松方正義：元老　&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・閣僚（内閣）　&lt;br /&gt;桂太郎：内閣総理大臣　小村壽太郎：外務大臣　寺内正毅：陸軍大臣&lt;br /&gt;山本権兵衛：海軍大臣　曾禰荒助：大蔵大臣　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;・軍最高幹部&lt;br /&gt;大山巌：参謀総長（陸軍大将）伊東祐亨：海軍軍令部長（海軍大将）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1904年(明治37年)2月6日: 日本はロシアに対して国交断絶を宣告。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;⇒東京&lt;br /&gt;小村壽太郎外務大臣が、駐日ロシア公使ローゼン（ローゼン男爵）を外務省に召喚、小村外相は、これまでの日露交渉が不調に終わったことへの遺憾の意を示しつつ、「交渉の中断」および「外交関係の断絶」を告げる公文を手渡しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;⇒サンクトペテルブルク&lt;br /&gt;日本の栗野慎一郎駐露公使が、ロシアのラムスドルフ外務大臣を訪ね、前日（2月5日）に東京から送られていた打電に従い、「日本政府はロシアとの交渉を打ち切り、自国の権利と利益を守るために独自の軍事行動をとる」旨の国交断絶公文を伝達しました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当時の国際法では「宣戦布告前の開戦」は禁じられていなかったため、日本は制海権を迅速に確保すべく、宣戦布告に先立って陸海軍を動かしました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆1904年(明治37年)2月6日：作戦開始と東郷艦隊の出撃&lt;br /&gt;佐世保に待機していた連合艦隊（司令長官：東郷平八郎）に「ロシア艦隊撃滅」の出撃命令が下り、黄海・朝鮮半島沖へ向けて一斉に出港しました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVyW5-WDE81nOzBbB1JBtVgAq5IGBV3e0DiQusySjhxolflc22S1Vxjt8799ZBYmLmfw38qfS7O8RFMJZPlRHzbOw-vzFE1dDXnbtOEpQ96Z52SCHA9Waw_ImpurOCaft95Goxie1kPUg5yPrGPKCoTsJpyMkM8ZOLAb4PJXZF6bucLGcRr3XhWBFo2fSL/s796/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20132827.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="796" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVyW5-WDE81nOzBbB1JBtVgAq5IGBV3e0DiQusySjhxolflc22S1Vxjt8799ZBYmLmfw38qfS7O8RFMJZPlRHzbOw-vzFE1dDXnbtOEpQ96Z52SCHA9Waw_ImpurOCaft95Goxie1kPUg5yPrGPKCoTsJpyMkM8ZOLAb4PJXZF6bucLGcRr3XhWBFo2fSL/s320/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20132827.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI8dPF73EXjO9LBJ3yihGBPjD0CTPf3kK8jKy9RV4DDHVN5beA3kDjK8c3XraGsvVgECyXYONhZHn5WBcfrR-59w5lHwv7CPN2L1k8uRrVxribspi-T3JgpaqvZHFPsG233Grm1da9b5aJR_-xu1xzn4SUq-6R4HPPfV5eSXwxE-hKe8bEMvje4nMLwESI/s1311/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20132812.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1047" data-original-width="1311" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI8dPF73EXjO9LBJ3yihGBPjD0CTPf3kK8jKy9RV4DDHVN5beA3kDjK8c3XraGsvVgECyXYONhZHn5WBcfrR-59w5lHwv7CPN2L1k8uRrVxribspi-T3JgpaqvZHFPsG233Grm1da9b5aJR_-xu1xzn4SUq-6R4HPPfV5eSXwxE-hKe8bEMvje4nMLwESI/s320/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20132812.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;旅順港閉塞作戦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1904年（明治37年）2月8日夜&lt;br /&gt;・旅順口夜襲：同日夜、東郷平八郎率いる連合艦隊の駆逐隊が、ロシア太平洋艦隊の拠点で拠る旅順港（中国東北部）の沖合に接近。夜間奇襲攻撃（水雷攻撃）を仕掛け、ロシアの主力戦艦「ツェサレーヴィチ」「レトヴィザン」および防護巡洋艦「パラダ」の3隻に魚雷が命中し、損傷を与えました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・仁川沖海戦：瓜生外吉少将率いる陸兵輸送隊と護衛艦隊が、朝鮮半島の仁川（インチョン）港に入港。港内にいたロシア艦2隻（ワリヤーグ、コレーエツ）と交戦し、撃沈・自沈に追い込みました。また、陸軍先遣隊が仁川へ上陸を開始しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆1904年（明治37年）昼間砲撃戦（2月9日）&lt;br /&gt;翌日、東郷率いる連合艦隊本隊が旅順港接近を試み、海岸砲台およびロシア艦隊と遠距離での砲撃戦を行いましたが、ロシア側の海岸砲台による防御が強固であったため、大きな壊滅的打撃を与えるまでには至りませんでした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆ 1904年(明治37年)2月10日：正式な宣戦布告&lt;br /&gt;日本・ロシアの双方が、相手国に対して正式に「宣戦の詔勅（宣戦布告）」を発布・布告。&lt;br /&gt;事実上の戦闘は2月8日に始まっていましたが、国際社会に向けて法律上の「戦争状態」に入ったことを内外に宣言した形となります。この「通告→即座に奇襲→後から宣戦布告」というスピード決着により、日本は開戦初頭における海の主導権を握り、その後の陸軍の朝鮮半島・満州へのスムーズな輸送を可能にしました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;◆旅順港閉塞作戦（2月24日、3月27日、5月3日）&lt;br /&gt;商船（古い船）を旅順港の狭い出入口に沈めてロシア艦隊を港内に閉じ込める命がけの作戦が3回にわたり実施(広瀬武夫少佐の戦死)。&lt;br /&gt;※坂の上の雲で伏線となっていましたが、この作戦は1898年の米西戦争(アメリカとスペインの戦争)の「サンティアゴ・デ・クーバ港閉塞作戦」をモデルとして計画・実施。日本海軍は3回にわたって旅順港閉塞作戦を実行しましたが、閉塞作戦は失敗に終わりました（この2回目の作戦で広瀬武夫少佐が戦死しています）。しかし、作戦や機雷敷設によってロシア艦隊に強い心理的圧迫を与え、自由な出撃を阻止し続けたという点では、一定の戦略的効果を果たしました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;機雷～日本海軍は機雷により、ロシア海軍第1太平洋艦隊の旗艦「ペトロパヴロフスク」を撃沈。日本もロシア側の敷設した機雷で戦艦「八島」と「初瀬」を一度に失いました。この戦争では、日本海軍は機雷で艦艇を計6隻、ロシア海軍は係維機雷(水面下の任意の深度で機雷缶を係留)6,000発で計10隻を沈めました。また旅順攻囲戦の際にロシア陸軍は機雷を旅順要塞から敵に向かって投げ落として爆発させ、日本軍兵士に甚大な損害を与えました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQJjK_gOrNGzi6lqQy3Mi63CHrwRJQ9aDcWax5eNKhJcZu_7CDLEIgapyfD3X779dYa6V55KAGsbygFXBGzo4mrm4bavBUBFQ-fTsR4xjX_syLYgYSxYX47-SUUlDuDJrca6YSyzSBzVbM37XWxYQp2Qn9j9kIMaXRQoyUxXWHjc5mmzpq6M3P8oG5NRkC/s896/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20133439.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="763" data-original-width="896" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQJjK_gOrNGzi6lqQy3Mi63CHrwRJQ9aDcWax5eNKhJcZu_7CDLEIgapyfD3X779dYa6V55KAGsbygFXBGzo4mrm4bavBUBFQ-fTsR4xjX_syLYgYSxYX47-SUUlDuDJrca6YSyzSBzVbM37XWxYQp2Qn9j9kIMaXRQoyUxXWHjc5mmzpq6M3P8oG5NRkC/s320/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20133439.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEiUb_3K0yMs3IjZlAalX1c4jPzPHGbUCq5vM98ZNKSscs7ZMlqjRRNxAPrAqLyb-I_r8czjfa1GIKRiXfcfwpRgi_WI1GpTzHadpBPExeNCNcVI8JE6BLN-5ILIZslFeUniwuYuab4iP1U3XTIEesgii9oCuPt6synUuf9iAkHIk_M8wrYqwev6Ja1zvC/s1056/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20133422.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="934" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEiUb_3K0yMs3IjZlAalX1c4jPzPHGbUCq5vM98ZNKSscs7ZMlqjRRNxAPrAqLyb-I_r8czjfa1GIKRiXfcfwpRgi_WI1GpTzHadpBPExeNCNcVI8JE6BLN-5ILIZslFeUniwuYuab4iP1U3XTIEesgii9oCuPt6synUuf9iAkHIk_M8wrYqwev6Ja1zvC/s320/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20133422.png" width="283" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;米西戦争サンティアゴ・デ・クーバ港閉塞作戦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;・第1次閉塞作戦&lt;br /&gt;1904年2月24日～5隻/探照灯と砲撃に阻まれ、手前で沈没。失敗&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・第2次閉塞作戦&lt;br /&gt;1904年3月27日～4隻/広瀬武夫中佐らが参加。港口近くまで迫るも完全閉塞には至らず失敗。(広瀬中佐戦死)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・第3次閉塞作戦&lt;br /&gt;1904年5月3日～12隻/悪天候と激しい砲撃で船隊が乱れ、完全封鎖ならず。失敗&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 16px; text-align: start;"&gt;旅順港口閉塞作戦のときに&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;広瀬中佐が読んだ漢詩&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;七生報国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;一死心堅&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;再期成功&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;含笑上船&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;たとえ七度生まれ変わろうとも、国の役に立ち尽くしたい。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;命を捧げる決意は極めて固い。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;再び成功を成し遂げることを誓い、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;微笑みすら浮かべながら船に乗り込む。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;【 広瀬中佐　文部省唱歌 】&lt;br /&gt;第2次閉塞作戦で戦死した広瀬中佐は坂の上の雲でも丁寧に描かれており、その部下思いの人柄だけでなくロシア兵との友好的な交流やロシア貴族のアリアズナ・コヴァレフスカヤ（貴族の娘）と相思相愛の関係だったそうです。戦死後、旅順のロシア軍側は海中に流された広瀬の遺体の一部を収容し、敵将でありながら「勇敢な将校」として礼を尽くした海軍葬を執り行いました。ドラマ 坂の上の雲では広瀬中佐役は藤本隆宏氏が演じました。ドラマの中での「杉野ー！杉野はどこだー！」と燃え盛る鑑底をはじめ様々な場所を探しまわるシーンは感動的でした。その後、カッターで離脱、そこに銃撃が・・・。&lt;br /&gt;真田丸では堀田作兵衛役でおなじみです！&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhlMnTITpKRAPMw48t94RvhnLFI8c8mticd5KcGUvZU15hAL1ZWGSAsPrO_Lgjra64vHTh_WK37r1DCfgvT-MIKexABrLbaRLru5EgLcFw2uemIOXFIoPX8DcHXLbkAsMmahdD60sniiA2ZSjZu_F6g78SAkBBBOzgsVkZhPGXqdkPGyddL6FTka499cR/s4096/IMG_20260827_183159565_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="2304" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhlMnTITpKRAPMw48t94RvhnLFI8c8mticd5KcGUvZU15hAL1ZWGSAsPrO_Lgjra64vHTh_WK37r1DCfgvT-MIKexABrLbaRLru5EgLcFw2uemIOXFIoPX8DcHXLbkAsMmahdD60sniiA2ZSjZu_F6g78SAkBBBOzgsVkZhPGXqdkPGyddL6FTka499cR/w360-h640/IMG_20260827_183159565_HDR.jpg" width="360" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVyW5-WDE81nOzBbB1JBtVgAq5IGBV3e0DiQusySjhxolflc22S1Vxjt8799ZBYmLmfw38qfS7O8RFMJZPlRHzbOw-vzFE1dDXnbtOEpQ96Z52SCHA9Waw_ImpurOCaft95Goxie1kPUg5yPrGPKCoTsJpyMkM8ZOLAb4PJXZF6bucLGcRr3XhWBFo2fSL/s72-c/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-27%20132827.png" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-6. 開戦前夜！『坂の上の雲』で見る日英同盟と小村寿太郎の攻防</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji6.html</link><category>坂の上の雲</category><category>小村寿太郎</category><category>日露戦争</category><category>明治</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-7462851905782925740</guid><description>&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="11"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0hyZIMlI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1047" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBqA0LN0L-2wdHA3vP9DB3RSaGbc0LpgCtPkDvXrSvwd2bKDSx4lMTyTsNtWZm2aTrq5rrUUH6zGpSkXJ_JZXJ1wyoIy6UB_YoH-zWbXLI6RtEr0zr9xiFS56nlhKaCTHYDaWqbfcHJzW861UOwCW8xNyggLw8K0GwRSjX6QvOLM5M7wtLn8wT1jnMKqS3/w446-h640/91GEBWMgMqL._SL1500_.jpg" width="446" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;私の大好きな小説、司馬遼太郎の代表作『坂の上の雲』。
そのテレビドラマ（2009年〜2011年に3年越しで放送された名作）を、いま改めて見返しています。&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12"&gt;愛媛県松山で生まれた秋山好古（阿部寛）、弟の真之（本木雅弘）、そして正岡子規（香川照之）の3人を軸に、明治維新直後から日露戦争までを描いた大河ドラマです。&lt;br /&gt;実は、前回の記事[⑤歴史の裏側 北清事変とは？『大衆明治史』が伝える知られざるドラマ]をはじめとする明治史エントリーを書くきっかけになったのも、このドラマの影響が大きかったと言えます。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4 data-path-to-node="15"&gt;復習：三国干渉から満洲占領まで&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="16"&gt;日清戦争に勝利した日本は清と下関条約を結びますが、物資も弾薬も使い果たしており、ロシア・フランス・ドイツによる「三国干渉」に抗うことができず、せっかく手に入れた遼東半島を返還させられました。&lt;br /&gt;日本国内にはロシアをはじめとする三国への猛烈な怒りが渦巻き、「臥薪嘗胆（がしんしょうたん）」のスローガンのもと、増税と軍備拡張の道を突き進むことになります。&lt;br /&gt;その後、事態はさらに緊迫していきました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node="19"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="19,0,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="19,0,0"&gt;1896年（明治29年）6月【露清密約】：&lt;/b&gt; ロシアは三国干渉の見返りに清と秘密同盟を結び、東清鉄道の敷設権を獲得。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="19,1,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="19,1,0"&gt;1898年（明治31年）3月【旅順・大連の租借】：&lt;/b&gt; ロシアが軍港・旅順と大連を借り受け、南下の軍事拠点を構築。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="19,2,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="19,2,0"&gt;1900年（明治33年）【義和団事件（北清事変）】：&lt;/b&gt; 「扶清滅洋」を掲げる暴動に対し、日本を含む8カ国連合軍が出兵して鎮圧。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="19,3,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="19,3,0"&gt;1900年〜1901年【ロシアによる満洲占領】：&lt;/b&gt; 乱に乗じてロシアが大量の兵力を満洲へ投入。事件後も撤退せず占領を継続し、日本の安全保障に巨大な脅威を与える。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="20"&gt;ここから、物語はいよいよ「日露開戦」への最終局面へと動き出します。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4 data-path-to-node="22"&gt;英傑・小村寿太郎と「日英同盟」の衝撃&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;「日露協商（話し合い）」か「対露開戦」か――。
揺れる国論の中、1902年（明治35年）1月、ロシアの拡大を警戒するイギリスと日本の利害が一致し、「日英同盟」が締結されます。&lt;br /&gt;この世紀の交渉を取り仕切ったのが、外相・&lt;span data-index-in-node="20" data-path-to-node="24"&gt;小村寿太郎&lt;/span&gt;（ドラマでは竹中直人さんが熱演！）でした。ドラマのナレーションでも語られていましたが、小村は父親が創業した会社の破産による多額の借金を背負い、超・困窮生活を送っていました。一張羅のコートは継ぎはぎだらけ、小柄で貧相な身なりから「世界一貧乏な外交官」「ねずみ公使」などと揶揄されながらも、類まれなる頭脳で大国イギリスとの対等同盟をまとめ上げたのです。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;h5 data-path-to-node="26"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;第1回 日英同盟の骨子（1902年）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node="27"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="27,0,0"&gt;清と韓国における互いの利益を承認&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="27,1,0"&gt;第三国&lt;b data-index-in-node="3" data-path-to-node="27,1,0"&gt;1カ国&lt;/b&gt;と交戦する場合：相手国は「中立」を守る&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="27,2,0"&gt;第三国&lt;b data-index-in-node="3" data-path-to-node="27,2,0"&gt;2カ国以上&lt;/b&gt;と交戦する場合：相手国も「参戦」する&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="28"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="28,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="28,0"&gt;【補足：その後の日英同盟】&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node="28,1"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="28,1,0,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="28,1,0,0"&gt;第2回（1905年）：&lt;/b&gt; 日露戦争中に攻守同盟へ強化。1カ国との交戦でもただちに参戦する義務へ。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="28,1,1,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="28,1,1,0"&gt;第3回（1911年）：&lt;/b&gt; 10年延長。のちに日本が第一次世界大戦へ参戦する根拠となる。（※1923年、ワシントン会議後の四カ国条約締結に伴い失効）&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h4 data-path-to-node="30"&gt;決裂の1903年：「満韓交換論」を蹴ったロシアの思惑&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="31"&gt;日英同盟という強力な後ろ盾を得た日本は、1903年（明治36年）8月より、ロシアとの直接交渉（日露交渉）に乗り出します。&lt;br /&gt;日本が提示したのは「満韓交換論」。
「ロシアの満洲における権益を認める代わりに、日本の朝鮮半島における権益を認めさせる」という歩み寄り案でした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="33"&gt;しかし、ロシア側の態度は絶望的なものでした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node="34"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="34,0,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="34,0,0"&gt;日本の提案を全面拒否&lt;/b&gt;（満洲への口出しは一切不許可）&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="34,1,0"&gt;韓国の北緯39度以北を「中立地帯」とし、日本軍の進駐を禁止&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="34,2,0"&gt;日本による韓国の軍事利用を制限&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="35"&gt;さらにロシアは、回答を引き延ばしながら東清鉄道の整備や旅順基地の強化、シベリア鉄道を使った兵力輸送を着々と進めていたのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="36"&gt;外交による解決の道は、完全に閉ざされました。
いよいよ、日露戦争の火ぶたが切って落とされます！&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBqA0LN0L-2wdHA3vP9DB3RSaGbc0LpgCtPkDvXrSvwd2bKDSx4lMTyTsNtWZm2aTrq5rrUUH6zGpSkXJ_JZXJ1wyoIy6UB_YoH-zWbXLI6RtEr0zr9xiFS56nlhKaCTHYDaWqbfcHJzW861UOwCW8xNyggLw8K0GwRSjX6QvOLM5M7wtLn8wT1jnMKqS3/s72-w446-h640-c/91GEBWMgMqL._SL1500_.jpg" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-5. 歴史の裏側 北清事変（義和団事件）とは？『大衆明治史』が伝える知られざるドラマ</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji5.html</link><category>中国</category><category>坂の上の雲</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-6705080294110037320</guid><description>&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2947150170="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="markdown markdown-main-panel enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color md-content stronger" dir="ltr" id="model-response-message-contentr_249a0ec66d21ecc2" inline-copy-host="" style="--animation-duration: 400ms; --fade-animation-function: ease-out; animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: column; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: 0px; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; 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margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img data-original-height="598" data-original-width="835" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjzigqWQcQwVQYdzrZJVAWVPFbUBreRlJ-3j-gfmQ-bMIONCEe25qyNsEAOl0jVWl2Ob0t2bPGnHeEpl5AmMdGxXY7FvQznDO0syxU2aJTNQ8SwlkA8SFCednaiVd9XDq2EJSkcMrVp0BeAxGngajzPqaimWBxsOOTV1_XjCky-rvSQ0g3c2ugZzmssGCxn=w400-h286" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;1900年に起きた&lt;b data-index-in-node="9" data-path-to-node="4" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;北清事変（義和団事件）&lt;/b&gt;。&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="4" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;学校の教科書では「清朝末期に起きた排外運動と、8カ国連合軍による鎮圧」としてサラッと学習しますが、その背景には欧米列強による急激な中国分割や、民衆の怒り、そして極限状態の中で生まれた熱い人間ドラマがありました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="5" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;今回は、北清事変の全体像と、GHQの焚書指定図書としても知られる菊池寛(文芸春秋を興した方)の著書『大衆明治史』に描かれた印象的なエピソードをご紹介します。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="5" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="5" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node="7" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;1. 義和団事件の始まり：なぜ民衆は立ち上がったのか？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="8" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;義和団は、&lt;b data-index-in-node="5" data-path-to-node="8" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;宗教と武術（義和拳）が結びついた民衆の集まり&lt;/b&gt;です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="9" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;日清戦争（1894〜1895年）で敗北した清国に対し、西洋列強は「清はもはや病める獅子にすぎない」と見て、一気に領土や利権の強奪（中国分割）を進めました。&lt;br /&gt;　・&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;ドイツ&lt;/b&gt;：膠州湾（青島）を獲得&lt;br /&gt;　・&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;ロシア&lt;/b&gt;：旅順・大連（不凍港）を獲得&lt;br /&gt;　・&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;イギリス&lt;/b&gt;：威海衛および香港新界を獲得&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10,3,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　・フランス&lt;/b&gt;：広州湾を獲得&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10,4,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　・日本&lt;/b&gt;：福建省の不譲渡協定を獲得&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10,5,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　・アメリカ&lt;/b&gt;：「門戸開放三原則」を提唱して参入&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="11" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;こうした列強の強硬な進出と拡大するキリスト教と伝統的な儒教・仏教・道教との対立が深まります。そこへ1898年頃の大日照りや洪水といった天災が重なり、「西洋人がキリスト教を広めて神の怒りを買ったからだ」という風説が広まりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;自衛のために結成された村々の団体は、「扶清滅洋（清を助け、西洋を滅ぼす）」をスローガンに掲げ、呪文や護符で「不死身になる」と信じて都市部へと広がっていったのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="13" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;清朝の宮廷（実権を握っていた西太后ら）は、この民衆の排外エネルギーを「正規の民兵」として利用し、列強を排除しようと目論みました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;2. 大沽砲台の占領と「55日間の北京籠城戦」&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="16" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;義和団の横暴に対し、列強側も強硬姿勢をとります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="17" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;1900年6月17日、8カ国連合軍は北京への連絡網を確保するため、天津の海口を守る要塞「大沽砲台」を攻撃・占領しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="18" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　これに激怒した西太后は義和団を公認し、&lt;b data-index-in-node="19" data-path-to-node="18" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;6月21日に列強11カ国へ一斉に宣戦布告&lt;/b&gt;を発令。北京の公使館街（外交官、民間人、中国人キリスト教徒ら約4,000名）は、清国軍と義和団によって完全に包囲されました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="19" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;これが、事件の中核となる「北京公使館街の立てこもり（1900年6月20日〜8月14日／55日間）」です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="20" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　絶望的な包囲戦の中、主力として戦闘を牽引したのが、&lt;b data-index-in-node="25" data-path-to-node="20" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;日本陸軍の柴五郎（しば ごろう）中佐&lt;/b&gt;率いる日本軍でした。日本軍は最多の兵力を派遣し、その冷静な指揮と高い規律で各国から絶大な信頼と評価を得ることになります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="21" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　8月14日、連合軍が北京城に到達して全面攻撃を開始すると、清国軍と義和団は潰走。西太后と光緒帝は変装して西安へ亡命し、包囲戦は幕を閉じました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAK7RN5cHxmqrU2COBqiou42wVMON2ohgMt5__QU0W51lyxzx0uHv10N0bRWbaeX8eKkUVLDDB4g_0yXW0v60zok8NKvBezpq6Rb0wsWbLQdrJ1tvotNx-RvwesEj4oIYcrif0tvAesgEryHX1LAtQ3C98b1Q_uqo3B0KxAfc-L0g511yah4nzMyGqAAiG/s981/giwadan-jihen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="981" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAK7RN5cHxmqrU2COBqiou42wVMON2ohgMt5__QU0W51lyxzx0uHv10N0bRWbaeX8eKkUVLDDB4g_0yXW0v60zok8NKvBezpq6Rb0wsWbLQdrJ1tvotNx-RvwesEj4oIYcrif0tvAesgEryHX1LAtQ3C98b1Q_uqo3B0KxAfc-L0g511yah4nzMyGqAAiG/w400-h174/giwadan-jihen.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node="23" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;3. 事変の結末：過酷な賠償金と日露戦争への足音&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="24" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;1901年の北京議定書（辛丑条約）により事変は収束しましたが、清朝には破滅的な代償が待っていました。　&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="24" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="25,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;莫大な賠償金&lt;/b&gt;：当時の年間国家予算の数倍にあたる4億5,000万両（テール）の支払いを課され、清朝財政は壊滅（のちの辛亥革命・清朝滅亡の引き金に）。　&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="24" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="25,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;外国軍隊の駐留&lt;/b&gt;：北京から天津に至る要衝に外国軍の駐留が認められ、主権が大きく侵害されました。　&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="24" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="25,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・ロシアの満洲占領&lt;/b&gt;：ロシアはこの混乱に乗じて満洲全体を実質的に軍事占領。事変後も撤退しなかったため日本との緊張が高まり、日露戦争（1904年）へとつながっていきます。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node="27" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. 『大衆明治史』が伝える、歴史の裏側の人間ドラマ&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="28" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;菊池寛の著書『大衆明治史』には、教科書には載らない当時のリアルな光景や、人間の絆が生き生きと描写されています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node="29" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;① 極限状態で見せた英軍のプライド&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="30" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;籠城中、米や麦は真っ先に底をつき、食糧は半分に減らされ、最後には青草をかじり、犬猫やネズミ、馬まで食べ尽くすという、まさに「加藤清正の蔚山（うるさん）籠城」のような惨状でした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="31" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="31,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;かうした中でも、英国の兵隊たちは、朝になるといつも、綺麗に髯を剃つてゐたのには愕いた。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="32" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;死と隣り合わせの極限状態であっても身だしなみを整え、規律と矜持を保ち続けたイギリス兵の姿は、観戦していた人々に強い印象を与えました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node="33" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;② 指を3本切って密書を届けた中国人「張徳麟」&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="34" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;孤立した北京から、天津の日本軍（福島安正少将）へ状況を伝えるため、柴中佐は「張徳麟（ちょう とくりん）」という中国人に300両の報酬を約束し、暗号の密書を託しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="35" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;誰もが半信半疑の中、8月1日、張は無事に密書の手紙を持って帰ってきました。見ると、&lt;b data-index-in-node="41" data-path-to-node="35" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;彼の左手の指は3本切られていた&lt;/b&gt;のです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="36" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;天津に着いた際、日本軍の密使であることを証明するために、自ら進んで指を切り落として見せ、手紙を渡したといいます。「北京の籠城軍は健在なり」というこの報せは、天津の各国人を歓喜させました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node="37" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;③ 金を受け取らず、名も告げずに去った「男の約束」&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="38" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;無事に大役を果たした張に対し、柴中佐が約束の300両を渡そうとすると、彼はこう言って固辞しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="39" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="39,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「天津へ行つたついでに親爺に会つたら、そんな金は貰つてはいけない。兵隊をやめて、天津へ帰れと云はれたから、これから直ぐ天津へ帰ります」&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="40" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;ではなぜ、命懸けで密書の返事を持って戻ってきたのか？と尋ねると、彼は一言「一旦男が約束したからだ」と答え、お金も受け取らず、名も告げずに去っていきました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="41" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;事変が終わった後、張は柴中佐のもとを訪れ、本当の動機をこう明かしました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="42" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="42,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「自分は義和団の一人として参加したが、戦争が長引くにつれて疑問が湧いてきた。中国が世界を相手に喧嘩をしているようなもので、これはいまに酷い目に遭う。早く収まりをつけるには、一番信頼できる日本軍を助けるのが早道だと考えたからです」&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="43" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;しかし、事変後に列強が中国を徹底的に痛めつけたことに対し、「自分のせいではないか」と良心が咎め、相談に来たのでした。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-path-to-node="44" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;④ 「白紙の手紙」がつないだ一生の信頼&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="45" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;張徳麟はその後の日露戦争や満洲事変においても、終始日本人の誠意を信頼し、両国のために尽力しました。昭和11年に彼が来日した際、柴大将は彼との交流についてこう語っています。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="46" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="46,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「お金のいらぬ人、直情径行、支那人には珍しい人だと思う。字が読めず、私に手紙をくれる時でも、封筒は誰かに書いてもらい、中には白い巻紙をキレイに畳んで入れてあるだけ。それでも張さんの心は十分に通じる。私にはこの白紙の手紙が、何よりも嬉しく、有難い」&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h2 data-path-to-node="48" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;おわりに&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="49" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;国家間の権力闘争や凄惨な戦争の記録の裏側には、こうした&lt;b data-index-in-node="27" data-path-to-node="49" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;国境や立場を超えた「誠意」と「信頼」のドラマ&lt;/b&gt;が存在していました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="50" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;文字の書けない張氏が送った「真っ白な手紙」と、それを心から喜んだ柴五郎大将。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="50" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;歴史を学ぶ本当の面白さは、年号を覚えることではなく、こうした先人たちの熱い血の通った生き様や精神に触れることにあるのかもしれません。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="50" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="50" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B06HI4qE9" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="298" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiq9CFwqoyPAYDyKPFdwJN_q-Qp_BaBrPSEVf_gRFSYY1IRT8dvATdcNopMmZlqTJIFb7boPh4ofsuxhBnKNXg1ZvumRVQacmH46jdWPba3wfrQvhuYUYf1sWCmeT_JE6nCSAuDDza0GEWIDL31S30MtDkzf5EUjAzQknRywF2jTdait_u8iDUw6C0-6DZV=w408-h640" width="408" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjzigqWQcQwVQYdzrZJVAWVPFbUBreRlJ-3j-gfmQ-bMIONCEe25qyNsEAOl0jVWl2Ob0t2bPGnHeEpl5AmMdGxXY7FvQznDO0syxU2aJTNQ8SwlkA8SFCednaiVd9XDq2EJSkcMrVp0BeAxGngajzPqaimWBxsOOTV1_XjCky-rvSQ0g3c2ugZzmssGCxn=s72-w400-h286-c" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-4. なぜ日本は「大国・清」と戦ったのか？三国干渉</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji4.html</link><category>中国</category><category>坂の上の雲</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-5778287079423335068</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;ところが・・・・・&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;◎三国干渉（1895年(明治28年4月23日）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;日本の南下を警戒したロシアは、ドイツ・フランスを引き連れて「遼東半島を日本が取るなんて清の首都も危ないし、東アジアの平和が乱れる！」と、まさかの返還要求をつきつけてきます。首謀者はもちろんロシア。日本が断れば戦争も辞さないという、超強硬スタンスです。「誠実な友好」どころか、完全に脅しです。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;ロシアの本当の狙いは、1年中凍らない港・旅順を手に入れることでした。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;一方、ドイツが乗っかったのは「ロシアの目を東アジアに向けさせて、欧州での自国の脅威を減らしたい」から。フランスも「露ドの緊張がほぐれれば自国も安泰」という計算がありました。実はこれ、清国も一役買っていたと言われています。講和会議の真っ最中から日本側の情報を露英にリークして、わざと列強に干渉させ、日本を押さえ込もうとしていたフシがあるんです。とはいえ、ロシア・フランス・ドイツの3か国連合軍に、当時の日本の陸海軍が勝てるわけもありません。誰の目にも負けは明らかでした。5月4日、明治政府は泣く泣く干渉を受け入れ、遼東半島の放棄を決定します。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;こうして日本は涙をのんで遼東半島を返し、国内には「今に見ておけ！」というロシアへの激しい敵対心（臥薪嘗胆）が炸裂。これがのちの日露戦争へと繋がっていくことになります。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;明治天皇は「遼東還付の詔」を出されました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;「日本が清国と戦うことになったのは東洋平和のためであり、露仏独の三国も東洋の平和を考えての忠告だという。また、時局を難しくし、国民生活を苦しくし、国運伸張を妨げることは望ましくない。 そこで政府に遼東半島の還付を命じた。国民は平和を図るという意図を理解し、時勢を大局から深くとらえ、国家の大計を誤まらないようにしてほしい」&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;これは国民に生じた負の思いをやわらげ、軽挙妄動に走らせないための詔勅であったといえるでしょう。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: medium;"&gt;さらに・・&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆ロシアの動き&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◎李鴻章・ロバノフ協定(露清密約)1896年（明治29年6月3日)、ロシアは清国と締結。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;対日相互援助：日本が東アジア(ロシア、清国、朝鮮)の領域に侵略した場合、両国は全軍隊で相互に援助し合う。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◎東清鉄道の敷設権獲得：ロシア軍が清国領域へ迅速に軍隊・補給品を輸送できるよう、満洲(中国東北部)を横断してウラジオストクに至る鉄道の敷設権をロシア側に許与する。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◎軍港の利用：有事の際、清国の港湾をロシア艦隊に開放する。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;清国としては「日本に対抗するための防壁」としてロシアに権利を与えたつもりでしたが&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;ロシアの目的は軍事同盟そのものよりも満洲への勢力拡張（鉄道敷設権の獲得）にありました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◎旅順・大連租借条約（露清条約）1898年3月&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1897年、ドイツが膠州湾（青島）を占領したことに乗じ、ロシアも太平洋への不凍港を求めて軍艦を旅順・大連へ派遣。清国に圧力をかけ、遼東半島の先端部（旅順・大連）を25年間租借する権利と、東清鉄道の支線(旅順・大連へ伸びる南満州鉄道の前身)の敷設権を獲得。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;清国(李鴻章)は、日清戦争後に日本から遼東半島を守ってくれた「恩人」としてロシアを頼り、露清密約を結びました。しかしロシアは、その密約で得た橋頭堡を利用してわずか2年後に「かつて日本から還付させたはずの遼東半島（旅順・大連）を自ら強奪した」ことになります。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;このロシアの「裏切り」とも言える一連の動きにより、日本国内では対露感情が一気に悪化し、「臥薪嘗胆」の合言葉とともに日露戦争への道を突き進むことになりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL2jePigs_9Gcppfb_RRhxP0jQBKTnNQUTW9UoTTKdeliJW5efQccqnAgRxT-s-4gh6Lt9iemnOPKxKimYFzI0MCDpom4jfraobsAn_WyHRjkX1P1VVQAVJKA1sa3bcJSUDPMsV3cSn5NVmOgNvJ9xgD4hgvbdeOburz4iYE9r-nuXKGsEZpGcaeP9qTCX/s1235/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-14%20112609.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="1235" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL2jePigs_9Gcppfb_RRhxP0jQBKTnNQUTW9UoTTKdeliJW5efQccqnAgRxT-s-4gh6Lt9iemnOPKxKimYFzI0MCDpom4jfraobsAn_WyHRjkX1P1VVQAVJKA1sa3bcJSUDPMsV3cSn5NVmOgNvJ9xgD4hgvbdeOburz4iYE9r-nuXKGsEZpGcaeP9qTCX/w400-h240/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-14%20112609.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;強まるロシアの脅威を念頭に置いて、明治政府は軍備拡張に力を注ぎ、清国から得た賠償金はほとんどが軍事費に回されましたが、それだけで足りるはずもなく、増税によってまかなうことになります。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;大国と思われていた清国の弱体が露呈したため、欧米列強（ロシア・ドイツ・イギリス・フランスなど）が一斉に清国へ進出し、借款や租借地（利権）を奪い合う「清国分割」が加速、日本は東アジアの新興強国として認められ、戦争中・直後には欧米列強との間で&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;悲願であった不平等条約の改正（治外法権の撤廃）が達成されました。また、得られた巨額の賠償金は八幡製鉄所の建設や金本位制への移行に充てられ、日本の産業革命と軍備拡張を急速に進めさせました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFy8JOL2p_ej7lFn7cEg4-RaviVoNgX9M4YDyIv9qy4S68yg_yPI6-zISY16nt0Ai_tUh4boLa8DaRn3TfVN2HcLOry2NQ6QeMSQpzSRP0_zImIoHe2_wCJxonzRG4lm9paXuRkAG54Kai3JQFtpeyhgGkqEuMijcCMCiHnY-Omr6v8JRkw1gF9JLi1cec"&gt;&lt;img alt="" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgFy8JOL2p_ej7lFn7cEg4-RaviVoNgX9M4YDyIv9qy4S68yg_yPI6-zISY16nt0Ai_tUh4boLa8DaRn3TfVN2HcLOry2NQ6QeMSQpzSRP0_zImIoHe2_wCJxonzRG4lm9paXuRkAG54Kai3JQFtpeyhgGkqEuMijcCMCiHnY-Omr6v8JRkw1gF9JLi1cec=w400-h211" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;1894年（明治27年）7月に朝鮮半島の忠清道・成歓（ソンファン）で行われた成歓の戦い（陸上の開戦）の様子を描いた作品（「成歓激戦之図」）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;.................................................................................&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;h1&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;19世紀末における主要列強および日本の植民地・領有地&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;hr noshade="" size="3" /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;■ アジア・太平洋地域&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%;"&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr bgcolor="#E6E6E6"&gt;
    &lt;th width="20%"&gt;国名&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;th width="40%"&gt;特徴・進出の背景&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;th width="40%"&gt;主な領有地・植民地&lt;/th&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;イギリス&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;アジア支配の拠点。東南アジアの海上交通路（マラッカ海峡）を掌握。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;インド、ビルマ（ミャンマー）、マレー半島、香港&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;フランス&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;メコン川・紅川流域から中国南部への進出ルートを構築。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;仏領インドシナ（ベトナム・カンボジア・ラオス）、広州湾&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;オランダ&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;香料貿易以来の拠点を背景に、島嶼部全域を支配。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;オランダ領東インド（インドネシア全域）&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;アメリカ&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;米西戦争（1898年）により太平洋・アジア進出の拠点を一挙獲得。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;フィリピン、グアム、ハワイ（併合）、サモアの一部&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;ロシア&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;陸続きで南下を進め、太平洋および不凍港を目指す。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;沿海州、中央アジア（ウズベキスタン等）、旅順・大連&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;ドイツ&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;後発として太平洋の島々や中国の港を獲得。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;膠州湾（青島）、ミクロネシア諸島（マーシャル諸島等）&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;日本&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;日清戦争（1894–1895年）の勝利により獲得。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;台湾、澎湖諸島&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr noshade="" size="3" /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;■ アフリカ地域&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%;"&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr bgcolor="#E6E6E6"&gt;
    &lt;th width="20%"&gt;国名&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;th width="40%"&gt;特徴・進出の背景&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;th width="40%"&gt;主な領有地・植民地&lt;/th&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;イギリス&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;アフリカを縦断（カイロ〜ケープタウン）する&lt;b&gt;縦断政策&lt;/b&gt;を展開。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;エジプト、スーダン、ナイジェリア、ケニア、南アフリカ&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;フランス&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;大西洋から紅海へ向かう&lt;b&gt;横断政策&lt;/b&gt;を展開（イギリスと衝突）。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;アルジェリア、チュニジア、西アフリカ全域、マダガスカル&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;ドイツ&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;ビスマルク主導で参入し、東西のアフリカ各地を押さえる。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;カメルーン、トーゴ、東アフリカ（タンザニア）、南西アフリカ&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;ベルギー&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;国王レオポルド2世の私有地として出発し、ゴム・鉱山資源を搾取。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;コンゴ自由国（のちのベルギー領コンゴ）&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;ポルトガル&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;大航海時代からの古い沿岸拠点を内陸部へ拡大。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;アンゴラ、モザンビーク、ギニアビサウ&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color="#CC0000"&gt;イタリア&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;後発で進出するも、エチオピア（アドワの戦い）で撃退される。&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;エリトリア、ソマリア&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;

</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL2jePigs_9Gcppfb_RRhxP0jQBKTnNQUTW9UoTTKdeliJW5efQccqnAgRxT-s-4gh6Lt9iemnOPKxKimYFzI0MCDpom4jfraobsAn_WyHRjkX1P1VVQAVJKA1sa3bcJSUDPMsV3cSn5NVmOgNvJ9xgD4hgvbdeOburz4iYE9r-nuXKGsEZpGcaeP9qTCX/s72-w400-h240-c/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-14%20112609.png" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-3. なぜ日本は「大国・清」と戦ったのか？日清戦争と下関条約</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji3.html</link><category>坂の上の雲</category><category>明治</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Mon, 7 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-7746808829785995592</guid><description>&lt;div&gt;日清戦争(1894年-1895年)は、明治維新を経て近代化を進める日本と、東アジアの伝統的な宗主国（華夷秩序）の清国が、朝鮮半島の主導権を巡って正面から衝突した戦争です。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;今回、自分なりにその背景や経緯をあらためて見直しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;この戦争は超大国の清国に対し、正面から戦えば国力差で負けるため、外交的な罠や軍事的先制攻撃、クーデター誘発を駆使して勝った戦争と言え「勝てば官軍」的ななんともすっきりしない印象を持ちました。その進め方は間違いではないけれど国際的にはグレーなのか。。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3HAszz9QYGwbLJTYozdD5cBXbj1FI_KgUHu0tBY6D-VdWX4uLEswT-x6z4-TWV5yoAyXuul9sZ98vCNouBk0kkQrM56-yf-ryhuDiKeAdbsUAEl7nBkls41rMNLZSTHk12AmBsw4ecvqJYaXQdAb1Zp4sB0yg4fK4b6OVp6LclFVel_V1DD-eVM2EWudo" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="561" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3HAszz9QYGwbLJTYozdD5cBXbj1FI_KgUHu0tBY6D-VdWX4uLEswT-x6z4-TWV5yoAyXuul9sZ98vCNouBk0kkQrM56-yf-ryhuDiKeAdbsUAEl7nBkls41rMNLZSTHk12AmBsw4ecvqJYaXQdAb1Zp4sB0yg4fK4b6OVp6LclFVel_V1DD-eVM2EWudo" width="370" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆日清戦争に至った経緯&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;明治維新後の日本は、欧米列強の侵略から自国を守るため「自衛の第一線」として朝鮮半島の安定と影響力確保を重視しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;一方、清国は朝鮮を自らの伝統的な「属国」とし、主導権を維持しようとしたため衝突が深まりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;・江華島事件と日朝修好条規（1875〜1876年）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日本は開国を迫り、朝鮮と対等ではない不平等条約（日朝修好条規）を締結。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;朝鮮を「自主の邦」と規定し、清国と朝鮮の宗属関係を否定しようと試みました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;・壬午事変（1882年）と甲申政変（1884年）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;朝鮮内部で「親清派（守旧派）」と「親日派（開化派）」の対立が激化。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;甲申政変では親日派がクーデターを起こすも清国軍の介入で失敗。日本と清国の緊張が高まりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・天津条約（1885年：M18）&lt;/b&gt;：衝突寸前となった日清両国（日本：伊藤博文、清：李鴻章）が締結。「両国とも朝鮮から即時撤兵すること」「将来出兵する際は互いに事前通知すること」を約束し、一時的な均衡が保たれました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日清両軍の撤兵：両国は朝鮮に駐留させている軍隊を4カ月以内に同時に撤退させる。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;軍事顧問の不派遣：朝鮮に対し、日清双方とも軍事顧問を派遣しない。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;出兵時の事前通知規定（最も重要）：将来、朝鮮に重大な事態が起き、日清のどちらかが出兵する場合は、あらかじめ相手国へ書面で通知しなければならない。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;この条約により、一時的に衝突は回避されました。しかし、「出兵時の事前通知規定」を設けたことで、両国が朝鮮へ出兵する正当な「手続き」を共有することになりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本は天津条約以降の約9年間、日本は清との軍事的格差を埋めるため猛烈な軍備拡張を進めました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;山県有朋らは、日本の国土そのものである「主権線」だけでなく、自国の安全保障に不可欠な隣接地域を「利益線（＝朝鮮半島）」と定義。「朝鮮を清の影響下から切り離し、ロシアなどの大国に奪われないようにする」ことが明治政府の至上命令となっていきます。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;東学党の乱（甲午農民戦争）&lt;/b&gt;：(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1894年：M27)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;当時の朝鮮(李氏朝鮮)では、両班（ヤンバン：支配階級）による厳しい搾取や腐敗が横行、しかも日朝修好条規以降、日本の経済的侵入により米などの穀物が大量に日本へ輸出され、物価が高騰。農民の生活はどん底に陥っていました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;西洋の思想・キリスト教(西学)に対抗して生まれた新興宗教「東学」が、「反封建（身分制の打破）」と「斥洋斥倭（西洋と日本を追い出せ）」を掲げ、苦しむ農民たちの間に急速に広まりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;悪徳官吏の不正に激怒した全琫準（チョン・ボンジュン）ら東学の指導者が農民を立ち上げさせました。勢いを増した農民軍は、朝鮮政府の軍を破って要衝である全州城を占領します。自力で鎮圧できないと悟った朝鮮政府は、清国に支援（出兵）を依頼しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;かつて伊藤博文と李鴻章が結んだ天津条約には「朝鮮に出兵するときは互いに事前通知する」という取り決めがありました。清が兵を出すと、日本も「居留民保護」を名目に即座に大規模な軍隊を派遣。朝鮮半島で日清両軍が向き合う形になりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;危機感を募らせた朝鮮政府と農民軍は急遽手を握り（全州和議）、農民側の改革案を受け入れる代わりに農民軍は解散しました。原因がなくなったため「日清両軍とも撤退しよう」という話になります。しかし、すでに開戦の好機と捉えていた日本は撤退を拒否。景福宮を占拠して清国派の政権を倒すと、そのまま清国軍に攻撃を仕掛け、日清戦争（1894年7月〜）が開戦しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日清戦争が始まると、全琫準らは「今度は日本軍を追い出すため」に再び立ち上がりました（第二次挙兵）。しかし、近代兵器を備えた日本軍・政府軍の前に惨敗し、壊滅しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;この乱を契機に始まった日清戦争で日本が勝利したことで、朝鮮における清の伝統的な宗主権（冊封体制）は完全に崩壊し、日本の朝鮮進出が一気に加速することになりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆開戦（1894年7月）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;農民反乱が沈静化した後も日本は撤兵に応じず、朝鮮の親清派政権を倒して改革を要求。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;同年7月、豊島沖海戦・成歓の戦いで実質的な戦闘が始まり、8月1日に両国が正式に宣戦布告しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆戦況の推移&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日本軍は陸軍・海軍ともに最新の西洋式教育と兵器で近代化を図っていたのに対し、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;清国軍は北洋艦隊など一部に優れた兵器を持ちつつも組織や指揮系統の近代化が遅れていました。戦況は終始日本優勢で進みました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;【平壌の戦い / 黄海海戦】（1894年9月）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;陸軍：平壌を攻略し、清国軍を朝鮮半島から追放&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;海軍：黄海海戦で北洋艦隊を撃破（日本が制海権を確保）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;【遼東半島・威海衛の攻略】（1894年10月〜1895年2月）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;陸軍：鴨緑江を渡り清国本土へ連勝、旅順を占領&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;陸海合同：威海衛を包囲し、北洋艦隊を全滅させる&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;【台湾遠征・下関条約】（1895年3月〜4月）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;講和交渉開始、下関条約締結&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1.朝鮮半島からの清国軍の追放（1894年9月）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;平壌の戦い&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;陸軍は清国軍の拠点で激戦の末勝利し、朝鮮半島全域から清国軍を退けました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;黄海海戦&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;海軍は清国の誇る主力艦（定遠・鎮遠など）を擁する北洋艦隊と激突。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日本側は一隻も沈没することなく勝利し、黄海の制海権を完全に確保しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;2.清国本土への進撃（1894年10月〜1895年2月）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;制海権を得た日本軍は鴨緑江を渡って清国本土に侵攻。遼東半島の要衝である旅順（りょじゅん）を占領しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1895年2月には清国海軍の拠点である威海衛（いかいえい）を陸海から包囲し、北洋艦隊を降伏・全滅させました（提督・丁汝昌は自刃）。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;3.終戦&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;戦勢の挽回が不可能となった清国は講和を申し入れ、1895年3月より下関で講和会議が始まりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆結果と影響&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1895年4月、日本全権 伊藤博文（首相）と清国全権 李鴻章の間で下関条約が締結。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◎下関条約の主な内容&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;朝鮮の独立承認：清国は朝鮮が完全な独立国であることを認め、従来の宗主権を放棄。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;領土の割譲：清国は日本へ遼東半島、台湾、澎湖諸島を割譲。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;巨額の賠償金：清国は日本へ2億両（庫平銀、当時の日本円で約3億6,000万円）を支払う。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;通商上の特権：沙市・重慶・蘇州・杭州の開港と、清国内での日本人の製糸・製造業の許可。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;＜日清戦争の国際評価＞&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1894年&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;5月31日：東学農民軍が全州城を占領、朝鮮政府が自力鎮圧を断念。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月1日：清国が出兵の準備を開始。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月2日：閣議で居留民保護を理由に全面対決を視野に出兵方針を固めた。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月6日：清国から天津条約に基づく事前通告受諾&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月7日：日本から清国へ出兵を通告。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月11日：全州和議の成立し農民軍が解散、これにより日清が出兵した名目が消滅&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月12日：日本軍が仁川に上陸完了&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月16日：「日清共同内政改革」を清国に提案&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月22日：清国が「共同内政改革」を拒否&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6月23日：日本単独による「朝鮮内政改革」を表明&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;7月19日：朝鮮政府へ清国との決別要求を最終通告&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;7月23日：景福宮(王宮)を占領・親清派政権を倒し、親日派政権を擁立&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;7月23日：「清国軍の追い出し」を新政権から日本軍へ依頼させる大義名分を捏造。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;7月25日：豊島沖海戦(先制攻撃)宣戦布告を行わず清国艦隊を急襲（実質的な開戦）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;7月29日：陸軍が牙山付近の清国陸軍を攻撃・破撃&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;8月1日：両国による正式な宣戦布告&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日清戦争(1894年-1895年)は、明治維新を経て近代化を進める日本と、東アジアの伝統的な宗主国（華夷秩序）の清国が、朝鮮半島の主導権を巡って正面から衝突した戦争です。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;今回、自分なりにその背景や経緯をあらためて見直しました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;この戦争は超大国の清国に対し、正面から戦えば国力差で負けるため、外交的な罠や軍事的先制攻撃、クーデター誘発を駆使して勝った戦争と言え「勝てば官軍」的ななんともすっきりしない印象を持ちました。その進め方は間違いではないけれど国際的にはグレーなのか。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;欧米諸国は最初こそ「無法な不意打ち」と猛反発しましたが、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日本側の緻密な法的手続きの正当化と外交工作によって、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;最終的には日本の行動を「国際法上、許容範囲内」と認めざるを得なくなりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;イギリスは「清国はハリボテに過ぎず、日本は近代的な法と軍隊を運用できる実力国」と認識を改めました。日本の巧みな開戦工作と軍事力を見て、のちの日英同盟（1902年）へ向かう評価の転換点となりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;ロシアは日本の電撃的な先制攻撃と謀略で朝鮮の主権を握ったことに対し、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;猛烈な危機感を抱きました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;これが三国干渉(1895年)や、満州・朝鮮を巡る日露戦争へと直結していきます。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;欧米列強は自らを「文明国」、アジア諸国を「半文明・野蛮」と見下していました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;日本が万国公法を巧みに利用して清国を圧倒したことで、欧米の新聞は&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;「近代法を理解する文明国が、旧弊に囚われた清国を打ち破った」という構図で&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;報道するようになり、「強引さ」よりも「日本の近代化の成功」が高く評価された。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi3HAszz9QYGwbLJTYozdD5cBXbj1FI_KgUHu0tBY6D-VdWX4uLEswT-x6z4-TWV5yoAyXuul9sZ98vCNouBk0kkQrM56-yf-ryhuDiKeAdbsUAEl7nBkls41rMNLZSTHk12AmBsw4ecvqJYaXQdAb1Zp4sB0yg4fK4b6OVp6LclFVel_V1DD-eVM2EWudo=s72-c" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-2. なぜ日本は「大国・清」と戦ったのか？日朝修好条規と天津条約</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji2.html</link><category>中国</category><category>坂の上の雲</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Fri, 4 Sep 2026 10:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-5871083527538808010</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;明治政府は、日清修好条規によって清と「対等な国際関係」を結んだことで「清と対等な国として、その影響下にある朝鮮とも直接交渉する権利がある」という考え方から、日本は朝鮮に対して開国を求めたが、当時の朝鮮(李氏朝鮮)は「日本が天皇を中心とする近代的な書簡を送ってきたこと」や「清への朝貢秩序を重視していたこと」から、日本の打診を拒絶。&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;日本は、江華島事件(1875年:M8/9月)の武力を背景に圧力をかけ、1876年（明治9年）2月27日に日朝修好条規（江華条約）を締結。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsACQt1J7KmVSFzHNlo_u_sOubrbI4yRg1ZG_5YIB91IK4ok45yXkWKfuGMIeWNE8hRs6oTQNEYopUeMDkY8QQdN9x4Ke9Y16vEc_CezNU9t9jpKv2bOCs3d15Ztq0f3-keTv20vWbZZIJQ3OyTdbV3uoAwdbqt5Met86Ljor-bO3S0xQEg586cQhi0u0i" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="482" data-original-width="958" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsACQt1J7KmVSFzHNlo_u_sOubrbI4yRg1ZG_5YIB91IK4ok45yXkWKfuGMIeWNE8hRs6oTQNEYopUeMDkY8QQdN9x4Ke9Y16vEc_CezNU9t9jpKv2bOCs3d15Ztq0f3-keTv20vWbZZIJQ3OyTdbV3uoAwdbqt5Met86Ljor-bO3S0xQEg586cQhi0u0i=w400-h201" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;1876年（明治9年）に朝鮮の江華島（こうかとう）で行われた&lt;br /&gt;日本全権・黒田清隆および井上馨と、朝鮮側全権・申櫏（シン・ホン）らによる&lt;br /&gt;緊迫した交渉の様子&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;この日朝修好条規を不平等条約としたのは、過去欧米列強から受けた「砲艦外交」で締結した不平等条約（安政の五カ国条約）のノウハウを使い、朝鮮を「清の支配」から切り離すための手段としただけでなく日本国内では士族に対する廃藩置県や四民平等などの改革で特権を奪われた旧士族たちの不満をかわすためでした。&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,1,0" face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;◎&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;征韓論&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;⇒征韓派　西郷隆盛、板垣退助、江藤新平、後藤象二郎 など&lt;br /&gt;「使節(西郷)を派遣して交渉し、拒否・危害を加えられたら武力行使」とし、早期の朝鮮派遣を主張。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;⇒反対派　大久保利通、岩倉具視、木戸孝允、伊藤博文 など&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;欧米の発展を目の当たりにし、「今は海外に手を出さず、内政改革（富国強兵）が先決」と主張。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;西郷らの朝鮮派遣は中止決定、これに激怒した西郷隆盛、板垣退助、江藤新平らは政府の役職を辞任して下野した(明治六年の政変)。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;◎旧士族の反乱&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;国内では九州、中国地方の各地で士族の反乱が発生。東日本では大きな反乱は発生していない。これは戊辰戦争の影響で奥羽越列藩同盟の各藩は相当疲弊、武装解除させられていたことが原因、しかし反乱は武力ではなくこの後の自由民権運動へ変化していく。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・1874年(明治7年2月1日-3月1日)　佐賀の乱&lt;br /&gt;征韓論で敗れて下野した元司法卿・江藤新平や島義勇らが、不平士族を率いて佐賀で挙兵。大久保利通率いる政府軍に即座に鎮圧され、首謀者は処刑された。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・1876年(明治9年10月24日-10月25日)　神風連の乱（敬神党の乱）&lt;br /&gt;熊本で廃刀令や洋化政策に激しく反発した極右尊王攘夷派の士族（敬神党）が挙兵。熊本鎮台や県庁を奇襲し鎮台司令官らを殺害するも、兵器の差により鎮圧された。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・1876年(明治9年10月27日-11月14日)　秋月の乱&lt;br /&gt;福岡県秋月の士族（宮崎車之助ら）が、神風連の乱に呼応して挙兵。乃木希典らの政府軍や警察隊によって鎮圧された。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・1876年(明治9年10月28日-11月6日)　萩の乱&lt;br /&gt;山口県萩で、元参議の前原一誠らが神風連の乱・秋月の乱に呼応して挙兵。政府の批判と天皇への直訴を目指したが、政府軍によって速やかに鎮圧された。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・1877年(明治10年2月15日- 9月24日)　西南戦争&lt;br /&gt;士族による最大にして最後の武力反乱。西郷隆盛を擁した鹿児島の私学校生徒らが挙兵し、熊本城を包囲。徴兵制による平民中心の新政府軍と数ヶ月に及ぶ激戦を展開したが、西郷の自刃により鎮圧された。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・&lt;/b&gt;江華島事件(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;こうかとうじけん)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1875年(明治8年9月)　朝鮮半島の江華島（カンファド）周辺海域で発生した日本海軍と朝鮮軍との武力衝突事件。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1875年5月、日本海軍の軍艦「雲揚号」(艦長：井上良馨)などが朝鮮沿岸の測量名目で派遣、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;雲揚号のボートが江華島近海で水を入手するために接近したところ、首都（漢城）を防衛する重要拠点であった江華島の砲台から警戒砲撃を受けました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;雲揚号はこれを口実に砲撃を返し、江華島の砲台を破壊。さらに近くの永宗島(ヨンジョンド)へ陸戦隊を上陸させて陣地を占領・焼討ちし、武器などを押収しました。この結果、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;「日朝修好条規(江華島条約)」&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;を締結。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhITU_KNt-9u8IeOZraEncwnKgML7Y6heJ46LDhZVLOuv7OSbnbyaqOe46daKEtKQChUqzISeImLafqzFu6teZkNsfjyWjy6k6675RVo12XvfjCaR-hiWn3Dw9dU6HNhGdgEl5kLSznlrtCcLuwx2kbmrt9eCFaWWDR8Ln7dF9q2ARFC8N6LSV5o66hFDCW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="714" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhITU_KNt-9u8IeOZraEncwnKgML7Y6heJ46LDhZVLOuv7OSbnbyaqOe46daKEtKQChUqzISeImLafqzFu6teZkNsfjyWjy6k6675RVo12XvfjCaR-hiWn3Dw9dU6HNhGdgEl5kLSznlrtCcLuwx2kbmrt9eCFaWWDR8Ln7dF9q2ARFC8N6LSV5o66hFDCW=w337-h400" width="337" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;日朝修好条規&lt;/b&gt;（にっちょうしゅうこうじょうき）は、1876年（明治9年）に日本と朝鮮（李氏朝鮮）の間で締結された平和・通商条約です。別名「江華島条約（こうかとうじょうやく）」とも呼ばれます。日本にとっては自国主導で結んだ初めての近代的な条約であり、朝鮮にとっては史上初の開国条約となりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;この「日朝修好条規」条約には日本に極めて有利で、朝鮮側にとって不利な不平等要素が含まれていました。安政の五カ国条約との類似性日本が1858年に欧米列強から押し付けられた「安政の五カ国条約（不平等条約）」の構造（領事裁判権・関税自主権の欠如・軍事威嚇による開国）を、今度は日本がアジアの隣国に対してそのまま適用したという歴史的皮肉も含んでいます。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;・朝鮮国は「自主の国」であり、日本と対等な権利を持つ&lt;br /&gt;・釜山（プサン）・元山（ウォンサン）・仁川（インチョン）を開港&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxHa0hXtpZusad7csODgB8tCzBZStpfQpxupi0oyfM2fYaIE093DoI9hiAa360sdJ8LfIYhEcIiTwOb8iI7f1UdeRTDZpF1ikb0Fd_R_3BKq401OytKDZZzmx5JVmWmTXP91NilUrpGtPRZJpPamZMlEIgU_jDQ-xxV9qPNWVDGKRLqw9PcLSh3Q7MD6cd" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="732" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxHa0hXtpZusad7csODgB8tCzBZStpfQpxupi0oyfM2fYaIE093DoI9hiAa360sdJ8LfIYhEcIiTwOb8iI7f1UdeRTDZpF1ikb0Fd_R_3BKq401OytKDZZzmx5JVmWmTXP91NilUrpGtPRZJpPamZMlEIgU_jDQ-xxV9qPNWVDGKRLqw9PcLSh3Q7MD6cd=w340-h400" width="340" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;不平等要素&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;・日本人が朝鮮国内で罪を犯した場合、日本側が裁判を行う（片務的領事裁判権）&lt;br /&gt;・沿岸測量権日本の船が朝鮮の沿岸を自由に測量することを認める（領海主権の侵害）&lt;br /&gt;・関税に関する規定を設けず、事実上の無関税貿易を開始、日本製品（主に綿製品）を朝鮮に大量流出させ、朝鮮の経済を圧迫した。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;これにより鎖国を続けていた朝鮮は西洋や日本の技術・文化を受け入れ始めましたが、国内では「日本と組んで近代化を進める派（開化派）」と「伝統的な清との関係や排外主義を守る派（守旧派・衛正斥邪派）」の対立が深まりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;同時に朝鮮を「自主の国」と定めた日本に対し、清は「朝鮮は伝統的に自国の属国である」という立場を崩さなかったことから、朝鮮の主導権をめぐる日本と清の競合が決定的なものとなり、後の壬午軍乱（1882年:M15）、甲申政変（1884年:M17）、そして日清戦争（1894年:M27）へとつながっていきました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,0,0" face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;壬午軍乱(じんごぐんらん)　&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1882年7月23日&lt;/b&gt;（明治15年）7月に朝鮮の首都・漢城（現在のソウル）で発生した、旧式軍隊による反乱事件（軍隊クーデター）。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;開国後の朝鮮政府は、日本から教官(本野盛柄陸軍工兵少尉など)を招いて近代的な新式軍隊「別技軍（ベッキグン）」を組織し、手厚く優遇。一方で、放置された旧式軍隊の兵士たちは、13ヶ月も給料（米）が未払いという過酷な状況に置かれていました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;ようやく支払われた給料の米に、不正によって砂や糠（ぬか）が大量に混ぜられていたことが引き金となり、兵士たちの怒りが爆発。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;また、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本の進出による経済的混乱（米の輸出増加による価格高騰など）により、下層民衆の間でも反日・反開化政策の感情が高まっていました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;激怒した旧式軍兵士たちが立ち上がり、米の支給責任者の屋敷や政府高官の邸宅を襲撃。さらに米価高騰に苦しむ一般民衆もこれに加わりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;反乱軍は王宮(景福宮)に侵入し、近代化・開化政策を推進していた閔妃（ビンヒ / 王妃）の一族を殺害・追放（閔妃本人は変装して宮中を脱出）。&lt;br /&gt;反乱軍は、開国政策に反対する保守派の指導者興宣大院君（フンソンテウォングン / 高宗の父）を担ぎ出し、大院君が再び政権を握りました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;反乱軍は日本公使館を包囲・放火しました。花房義質(はなぶさ よしもと)公使ら日本外交官や軍人は脱出し、仁川沖でイギリスの船に救助されて長崎へ逃れましたが、日本人軍事顧問(堀本礼造少尉)や公使館員ら数名が犠牲となりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;逃亡した閔妃は清(清朝)に助けを求めました。清は「朝鮮は自国の属国である」という立場を示すため、ウー・チャンチエン（呉長慶）やユアン・シーカイ（袁世凱）率いる約3,000の清軍を直ちに派遣し反乱を鎮圧。中心人物であった大院君を捕らえて清の天津へ連行(拉致)。これにより政権は再び閔妃一族に戻りました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;終結後、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本は軍艦を派遣して朝鮮政府に賠償を要求。1882年8月、済物浦（チェムルポ）条約が締結。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;賠償金と&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本公使館の警備名目での「日本軍駐屯権」を獲得した。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;甲申政変（1884年:&lt;/b&gt;明治17年:&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;こうしんせいへん）&lt;/b&gt;：金玉均（キム・オクキュン）ら開化派が日本軍の支援を受けてクーデターを起こすも、清軍の介入によりわずか3日で失敗。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;1876年の日朝修好条規による開国後、朝鮮政権内では今後の国造りをめぐって深刻な意見対立が生じていました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・親日派（開化派 / 独立党）：金玉均（キム・オクキュン）や朴泳孝（パク・ヨンヒョ）ら。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本の明治維新をモデルとし、清への従属を断ち切って急進的な近代化を目指す。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;親清派（守旧派 / 事大党）：閔妃（ビンヒ / 王妃）一族ら。清の軍事力を頼りとし、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清の伝統的支配のもとで穏やかな改革を進めようとする。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1882年の壬午軍乱以降、清が朝鮮への政治・軍事介入を大幅に強めたため、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;守旧派（親清派）が実権を握り、焦った開化派（親日派）は追い詰められていきました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1884年、&lt;b&gt;清仏戦争&lt;/b&gt;の勃発により、朝鮮に駐留していた清国軍の約半数が撤退しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;この隙を突いた金玉均らは、日本の駐朝公使・竹添進一郎から公使館警備兵の支援を取り付け、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;クーデターを決行しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;12月4日、郵政局の開局パーティーに乗じて刺客を放ち、閔妃派の幹部らを暗殺。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;王宮を占領して新政府を樹立し、「清への朝貢の廃止」「身分制の打破」「税制改革」などの近代化プログラムを発表しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;しかし、清の武官・袁世凱（えんせいがい）が率いる1,500名の清国軍が即座に王宮を攻撃。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本軍（わずか150名程度）は防戦一方となり、クーデターはわずか3日で鎮圧されました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;金玉均らは日本へ亡命し、朝鮮国内の開化派勢力は徹底的に粛清されました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・天津条約（1885年）&lt;/b&gt;：衝突寸前となった日清両国（日本：伊藤博文、清：李鴻章）が締結。「両国とも朝鮮から即時撤兵すること」「将来出兵する際は互いに事前通知すること」を約束し、一時的な均衡が保たれました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日清両軍の撤兵：両国は朝鮮に駐留させている軍隊を4カ月以内に同時に撤退させる。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;軍事顧問の不派遣：朝鮮に対し、日清双方とも軍事顧問を派遣しない。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;出兵時の事前通知規定（最も重要）：将来、朝鮮に重大な事態が起き、日清のどちらかが出兵する場合は、あらかじめ相手国へ書面で通知しなければならない。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;この条約により、一時的に衝突は回避されました。しかし、「出兵時の事前通知規定」を設けたことで、両国が朝鮮へ出兵する正当な「手続き」を共有することになりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本は天津条約以降の約9年間、日本は清との軍事的格差を埋めるため猛烈な軍備拡張を進めました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;山県有朋らは、日本の国土そのものである「主権線」だけでなく、自国の安全保障に不可欠な隣接地域を「利益線（＝朝鮮半島）」と定義。「朝鮮を清の影響下から切り離し、ロシアなどの大国に奪われないようにする」ことが明治政府の至上命令となっていきます。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;東学党の乱（甲午農民戦争）&lt;/b&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1894年に朝鮮で東学党の乱（甲午農民戦争）が起きると、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;手に負えなくなった朝鮮政府は清へ出兵を要請、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清が天津条約の規定に基づき通知して出兵、日本も&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;「邦人保護」を名目に&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;即座に大規模な部隊を朝鮮へ送り込みました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;明治27年（1894年）4月、朝鮮の全羅道古阜県（こふけん）で民衆が反乱を起こし、国政の改革を大義名分に掲げて殺戮の限りを尽くした。その勢いは忠清道や慶尚道にまで及び、猛威を振るったため、もはや朝鮮の軍隊ではどうすることもできなくなった。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;この一党は「東学党」と呼ばれ、「東学」という独自の教派から派生した宗教団体であった。慶州に生まれた崔済愚（チェ・ジェウ）が教祖であり、その教えは儒教・仏教・道教を折衷・混合したものであった。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;彼らは「天主の創造と変化を尊び、天命や天理に従うべきである」と説き、挙兵に際しては以下のように声明を出していた。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;* 人を殺さず、物を奪わず、忠孝を両全し、世を救い民を安んじること&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;* （西洋の）夷狄や倭（日本）を駆逐・滅ぼして、正しい道を清く明らかにすること&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;* 軍勢を率いて都に入り、権力を握る貴族や高官たちを残らず滅ぼし、大いに綱紀を正すこと&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;* 正しい名分を立てて、聖人の教えに従うこと&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;このことから、彼らが宗教的な信念のもとに政治革命を企てていたことがよく分かる。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;※引用「大衆明治史」：菊池寛&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;反乱が静まった後、日本は「両国で協力して朝鮮の改革を行おう」と提案しますが、清は「他国の介入は不要」と拒否。日本軍は朝鮮の王宮を占領して親日政権を樹立させ、1894年8月1日、清国への宣戦布告により日清戦争が正式にスタートしました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・甲申政変の真っ最中に発生した清仏戦争&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清仏戦争（1884年8月〜1885年6月9日・明治17年〜明治18年）は、ベトナムの保護権（主導権）を巡り、アジア進出を加速させるフランスと、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;ベトナムを自国の「宗主国（保護国）」とみなす清国との間で戦われた戦争。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;フランスは19世紀半ばからベトナムへの進出を深め、1883年の「ユエ条約（アンナン条約）」によって&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;ベトナム全土を保護国化しました。しかし&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;ベトナム（阮朝）は長年清国の「冊封国（宗主国と従属国の関係）」であったため、清国に助けを求めました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清国はフランスのベトナム保護国化を認めず、正規軍をベトナム北部（トンキン地方）へ派兵しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;同時に清国軍とともに、劉永福（りゅうえいふく）率いる非正規の部隊「黒旗軍」がフランス軍に対して激しく抵抗し、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;紛争は全面的な戦争へと発展しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;戦闘はベトナム北部だけでなく、中国沿岸部や台湾にも拡大しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;海戦では&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;フランス海軍は圧倒的な火力を誇り、福建省の馬尾沖海戦で清国の福建水師をわずか数時間で壊滅、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;さらに台湾の基隆や淡水を攻撃・封鎖し、澎湖諸島を占領しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;しかし&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;陸上戦（ベトナム国境付近）では、清国側の名将・馮子材（ふうしかい）らの奮闘により、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;鎮南関の戦いなどでフランス軍を破るなど、清国側が優勢に立つ場面もありました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;この敗北により、フランスの内閣（フェリー内閣）が倒れるほどのショックを与えました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;海上で激しく攻め立てるフランスと、陸上で粘り強く抵抗する清国という泥沼の膠着状態に陥ったため&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;両国はイギリスなどの仲介により講和へ向かいました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;天津条約（1885年6月9日）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1885年6月、両国は天津条約（清仏天津条約）を締結して講和しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;ベトナムの宗主権を放棄：清国はフランスによるベトナムの保護権を承認し、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;数千年来続いてきたベトナムとの宗属関係を完全に失いました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjeNnepd28W_0j6fycUyGwrHmcKuK4eNbTsP3o3GwEO1DZTq8uT1GfQwqzbzCEZ18CuFklXprjJ-vFCccip0IL2cukkWonNaIXSf3b2jNLImF84WA3OWo34gSkGkSJvmooL5LNQu_l8_FRrNyIXoJR2fppdR4Ka0iS1ZasjGBdVjF8VXDTb5bIzSF4HejF-" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="603" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjeNnepd28W_0j6fycUyGwrHmcKuK4eNbTsP3o3GwEO1DZTq8uT1GfQwqzbzCEZ18CuFklXprjJ-vFCccip0IL2cukkWonNaIXSf3b2jNLImF84WA3OWo34gSkGkSJvmooL5LNQu_l8_FRrNyIXoJR2fppdR4Ka0iS1ZasjGBdVjF8VXDTb5bIzSF4HejF-=w400-h279" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1885年6月9日に清朝とフランスの間で締結された「清仏天津条約」の調印後、清国全権大臣であった李鴻章（前列右から2番目）と、フランス公使ジュール・パトノートル（中央の椅子に座る人物）らが撮影した歴史的写真です。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;フランス領インドシナの成立：フランスはベトナムを完全に掌中に収め、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;のちにカンボジアやラオスと合わせて「フランス領インドシナ連邦」を形成していきました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;結果、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清国は西欧の技術を取り入れる自強運動（洋務運動）を進めていましたが、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;自慢の艦隊（福建水師）が全滅したことで、その限界が露呈しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;また、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清仏戦争で清国がベトナム戦線に注力し、朝鮮駐留軍の一部を撤退させたスキを突き、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;朝鮮では金玉均ら親日派（開化派）が甲申政変を起こしましたが清国軍に阻まれ失敗。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;清国がフランスに敗れてベトナムの宗主権を失ったことは、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日本に対して「清国は東アジアの宗主権を守る余力がない」という印象を与えました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;これが10年後の日清戦争（朝鮮の主導権争い）において、日本が開戦に踏み切る大きな要因の一つとなりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="16,1,0" face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsACQt1J7KmVSFzHNlo_u_sOubrbI4yRg1ZG_5YIB91IK4ok45yXkWKfuGMIeWNE8hRs6oTQNEYopUeMDkY8QQdN9x4Ke9Y16vEc_CezNU9t9jpKv2bOCs3d15Ztq0f3-keTv20vWbZZIJQ3OyTdbV3uoAwdbqt5Met86Ljor-bO3S0xQEg586cQhi0u0i=s72-w400-h201-c" width="72"/></item><item><title>10-1. なぜ日本は「大国・清」と戦ったのか？日清修好条規の締結</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/meiji1.html</link><category>中国</category><category>坂の上の雲</category><category>明治</category><category>朝鮮半島</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Tue, 1 Sep 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-4707590396094067229</guid><description>&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2947150170="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="markdown markdown-main-panel enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color md-content stronger" dir="ltr" id="model-response-message-contentr_e575b6ea63866c9d" inline-copy-host="" style="--animation-duration: 400ms; --fade-animation-function: ease-out; animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; 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id="model-response-message-contentr_e575b6ea63866c9d" inline-copy-host="" style="--animation-duration: 400ms; --fade-animation-function: ease-out; animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: column; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: 0px; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; 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name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　今まで幕末史をお勉強してきましたが、最近のマイブーム[明治天皇聖躅の碑]を調べているうちに、超混沌とした明治期にすごく興味が出てきました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;確かに断片的な情報はもっていますが時系列では理解できていません。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;今回、入手しました[大衆明治史（国民版](菊池寛:文芸春秋を興した方、GHQにより焚書にされた本)をきっかけにできるだけ時系列に自分自身の勉強のつもりでまとめてみたいと思います。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　さて、「維新」という言葉の語源は、古代中国の儒教の経典である『詩経』の一節で「周雖旧邦 其命維新」(周は旧邦なりといえども、その命これ維れ新たなり)で、直訳すると「周は古くからある国だが、天から与えられた使命は今まさに新しくなっている」という意味だそうです。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　全てを打ち壊し作り直す「革命」(Revolution)とはまったく異なる意味ですね。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;明治維新はたしかに江戸時代以前までの身分制度を廃止し、廃藩置県や地租改正、殖産興業、立憲君主制の導入などで日本の政治・経済・社会・文化のあらゆる面を急速に近代化させた国家的大改革！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　その入り口となった明治時代はそうとうなドタバタしながらも互いにぶつかり合い、そしてがむしゃらに信じた道を突き進んだ時代。まずは「日清戦争」までを一区切りとしてみます！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;過去に日本が外国と戦争をしたは僅か・・&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・663年：白村江の戦い（唐・新羅の連合軍）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・1274年：文永の役　元（モンゴル帝国）・高麗の連合軍&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・1281年：弘安の役　元（モンゴル帝国）・高麗の連合軍&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・1592年〜1598年：文禄・慶長の役　朝鮮・明（中国）の連合軍&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・1863年：薩英戦争　生麦事件の報復としてイギリス艦隊が鹿児島を砲撃&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・1863年・1864年　下関戦争　イギリス・フランス・アメリカ・オランダの4カ国連合艦隊&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;・&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;1894年・明治27年7月25日から1895年(明治28年)4月17日)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;日清戦争&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　この「日清戦争」は近代日本が初めて挑んだ大規模な対外戦争で、東アジアの国際秩序を激変させた歴史の大きな転換点。明治維新からの26年間にわたる「朝鮮半島をめぐる主導権争い」&lt;span data-index-in-node="37" data-path-to-node="6" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;と、欧米列強のアジア進出に対する明治政府の切実な&lt;/span&gt;「危機感」がありました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ヨーロッパ諸国が植民地獲得に向けてアジアへ進出し、脱亜入欧を進める日本も獲得したいという気持ちから隣国の朝鮮半島への進出をなんとか実行したいという征韓論に対し、まずは国力増強を目指す反対派との熾烈な争いから征韓論派は敗れたものの結果的には大陸進出を目指すこととなりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="7" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="7" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;　明治維新を果たした日本は、欧米列強に対抗するために、国同士が対等な権利を持つ「近代的な国際法(万国公法)」に基づく秩序へと転換しようとしていましたが、お隣の清と朝鮮(清の属国)は、近代国際法の概念にはないあいまいな状態で、日本は国益のために「朝鮮を清朝の支配から引き離し、独立した主権国家として対等な条約を結ばせること」を目指しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;清と朝鮮の「属国関係」の理由⇒&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;丙子胡乱（へいしこらん・1636〜1637年）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清(満洲族)が朝鮮王朝(李氏朝鮮)に侵攻した戦争。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　満洲(中国東北部)女真族(満洲族)のホンタイジが「後金（こうきん）」を建国。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;当時の朝鮮の第16代国王・仁祖(インジョ)は、明(漢民族の王朝)を宗主国として重んじ、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;満洲族の後金(清)を「野蛮人」と見下して敵対的な外交姿勢でした。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　1636年、ホンタイジは国号を「後金」から「清」に改め、皇帝を称し、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;朝鮮に対してこれまでの「兄弟の契り」を破棄し、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清を主君とし臣従する「君臣関係」を要求。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　明への義理と儒教的道徳観（華夷思想）にこだわる朝鮮側は、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清の要求を断固拒絶。これによりホンタイジ自ら、10万を超える大軍を率いて&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;朝鮮へ侵攻を開始。降伏を受け入れました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="Google Sans Text, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　以降、朝鮮は清国に対し従属（冊封・朝貢体制）することとなる君臣の礼(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;清の皇帝に対して「三拝九叩頭（さんききゅうこうとう：3回ひざまずき、 9回頭を地面につける）」という極めて屈辱的な謝罪)をさせられた。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;・日清修好条規の締結&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span face="&amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif" style="color: #1f1f1f;"&gt;　明治新政府後の大きな足かせは、欧米列強との「不平等条約（安政の五カ国条約:米・オランダ・露・英・仏)」。治外法権の認容/関税自主権の欠如/片務的最恵国待遇/港の開港(箱館・横浜・長崎・神戸・新潟の5港を開港)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;この改正を行うべく、まずは近隣の大国である清と対等な外交関係をしっかりと構築することを目指しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; 1870年(明治3年)、外務権少丞(しょうじょう：官職名)の柳原前光(戊辰戦争で18歳で東海道鎮撫副総督)らを北京へ派遣して予備交渉を開始。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; 清の内部では「華夷秩序」が根付いており「西洋の真似をして条約は不要」という慎重姿勢でしたが、当時「洋務運動」(近代化政策)を推し進めていた李鴻章(直隷総督)らは、欧米列強の圧迫に苦しんでおり「日本からの提案を拒否すれば、日本は欧米列強と組んで清を攻めてくるかもしれない」と考え、条約交渉に応じる事としました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;翌1871年(明治4年5月)、全権大使として大蔵卿・伊達宗城を派遣、清側の全権である李鴻章と天津で本交渉に臨み&amp;nbsp; 1871年9月13日（明治4年7月29日）、天津にて「&lt;b&gt;日清修好条規&lt;/b&gt;」が正式に調印。(領事裁判権認知・関税自主権の保持)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;1873年(明治6年)に批准書が交換されて正式に発効しました。&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;※日清戦争勃発の1894年(明治27年)まで有効&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYJR0YGjdL7_3NU2LoYzVWvjrkkPYr6jyNKRSUvtGT8ndv2RCH0F240gZr4PQepeZpiKK2iTq5k2PGGykr0OxdY83f3Y6A7aTVUyA9ic7j1TmvhrtFOgxMhqPdsa_9gp9mp7GqDosxskdlmROGWzJOnMQxu9MmH-OwMTTVtOFxW3-eJitAYNmRKbpMD4Ua" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans JP&amp;quot;; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="1124" data-original-width="1392" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYJR0YGjdL7_3NU2LoYzVWvjrkkPYr6jyNKRSUvtGT8ndv2RCH0F240gZr4PQepeZpiKK2iTq5k2PGGykr0OxdY83f3Y6A7aTVUyA9ic7j1TmvhrtFOgxMhqPdsa_9gp9mp7GqDosxskdlmROGWzJOnMQxu9MmH-OwMTTVtOFxW3-eJitAYNmRKbpMD4Ua=w400-h323" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="13,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 3px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; text-align: left; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Noto Sans JP&amp;quot;; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;"&gt;1871年（明治4年）9月13日に天津で締結された日清修好条規（批准書）の実際の文書&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #1f1f1f; text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;日本はこの条約の第1条に、清朝の意図に反して「朝鮮ハ自主ノ邦（国）ニシテ、日本国ト平等ノ権ヲ保有ス」と明記、これは「朝鮮は清の属国ではなく、独立した主権国家である」と国際的に宣言させたことを意味し、清朝が持っていた伝統的な宗主権を根底から崩す決定打となりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjx9_xtwZS7PZNAp9lfR0GcIUXbIT92zyu6USLxKqlNOXz214hKq8dbqgl6DFCTLrQBeWB9-xqxBvTE79eL7vHZMYfXlYqx916K10P0SxYvLwYLMb01K0HtKYziMEemEELQdVowUGlTqkpWgKsy1SK4G1hhgvEgJdmGg9eWukRZgfG-DBr2NPEILqcboEiW=s72-w308-h421-c" width="72"/></item><item><title>百舌鳥耳原中陵 仁徳天皇陵と日の丸</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/09/blog-post.html</link><category>古墳</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Tue, 1 Sep 2026 09:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-1298042015307802578</guid><description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;百舌鳥耳原中陵は第16代仁徳天皇陵&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;百舌鳥耳原南陵はミサンザイ古墳で第17代履中天皇&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;百舌鳥耳原北陵は田出井山古墳で第18代反正天皇&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwmGxJvU0n9CU1Yl85u4hll86jhk0GmnzbQMM0e15HXnCLVrpgc1PVTMbFtwHVwPTqWzvdRKLYUF3KbQfMMqxKwTJhnv01TuJPI1069Odo-UrCssYiGzKvR6yYHi3GqoC9oyMEmAd4hCcx_zLnZ8fy_q4U7IOgg63fwZpRCDUv3oWQoNwLif_OussUL-DO/s4096/IMG_20260830_124532841_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwmGxJvU0n9CU1Yl85u4hll86jhk0GmnzbQMM0e15HXnCLVrpgc1PVTMbFtwHVwPTqWzvdRKLYUF3KbQfMMqxKwTJhnv01TuJPI1069Odo-UrCssYiGzKvR6yYHi3GqoC9oyMEmAd4hCcx_zLnZ8fy_q4U7IOgg63fwZpRCDUv3oWQoNwLif_OussUL-DO/w640-h360/IMG_20260830_124532841_HDR.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;百舌鳥耳原中陵 仁徳天皇陵の前にある日の丸です。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;この前方後円墳は世界最大の墳墓であり意外と知られていないのが百舌鳥耳原の由来です。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;『日本書紀』仁徳天皇55年（55年冬10月）の条に下記のように記載されています。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;六十七年冬十月庚辰朔甲申、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;幸河內石津原、以定陵地。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;丁酉、始築陵。是日有鹿、忽起野中、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;走之入役民之中而仆死。時異其忽死、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;以探其痍、卽百舌鳥、自耳出之飛去。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;因視耳中、悉咋割剥。故號其處、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;曰百舌鳥耳原者、其是之緣也。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;67年（※仁徳55年）の冬10月、河内の石津原にお出ましになり、御陵の土地をお定めになった。丁酉の日に御陵を造り始めた。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;その日、鹿が突然野原の中から飛び出し、工事で働く民の中に走り込んできて倒れ死んだ。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;人々は鹿が急死したことを不思議に思って傷口を探してみると、百舌鳥が鹿の耳から飛び去っていった。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;鹿の耳の中を見ると、すっかり喰い荒らされていた。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;そのため、その場所を百舌鳥耳原（もずのみみはら）と呼ぶようになったのは、これが由来である。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;やっぱ日の丸は美しい。その秀麗で優雅でそして礎を築かれた先人の思いが伝わってくるようです。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wJyeVGekItU?si=3dzi74lM6wS-S-UU" title="YouTube video player" width="560"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwmGxJvU0n9CU1Yl85u4hll86jhk0GmnzbQMM0e15HXnCLVrpgc1PVTMbFtwHVwPTqWzvdRKLYUF3KbQfMMqxKwTJhnv01TuJPI1069Odo-UrCssYiGzKvR6yYHi3GqoC9oyMEmAd4hCcx_zLnZ8fy_q4U7IOgg63fwZpRCDUv3oWQoNwLif_OussUL-DO/s72-w640-h360-c/IMG_20260830_124532841_HDR.jpg" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒590-0035 大阪府堺市堺区大仙町７−１０７９−１</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.5639426 135.4874764</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.2537087638211517 100.33122639999999 62.874176436178843 170.6437264</georss:box></item><item><title>安政南海地震　堺博物館所蔵</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/blog-post_30.html</link><category>地震</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 16:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-6223263068684733676</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfalglz033oWaQvlCT4sPP0OyCVNB6Qw7GeObRsIkYezO4PMXkkCtNL8n1FXt9Pgv0KxwGhDXbSk8JRrf3iNLyptOjMQdhf3WxaMe2ley6VUfJEgJzynuasd2oGGrdkjGRMr2Tkzns2_KYuKbYm43k77jY-_2DtRI3VxvTh26hNMFV4TQ0wIybvIO_NsNC/s2795/%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1619" data-original-width="2795" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfalglz033oWaQvlCT4sPP0OyCVNB6Qw7GeObRsIkYezO4PMXkkCtNL8n1FXt9Pgv0KxwGhDXbSk8JRrf3iNLyptOjMQdhf3WxaMe2ley6VUfJEgJzynuasd2oGGrdkjGRMr2Tkzns2_KYuKbYm43k77jY-_2DtRI3VxvTh26hNMFV4TQ0wIybvIO_NsNC/w640-h370/%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F1.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;堺博物館所蔵の嘉永7年（1854年）11月5日・6日に発生した安政南海地震（および東海地震）によって、大阪の街や川（安治川・木津川など）を襲った津波被害の様子を伝える当時の瓦版（かわらばん）。&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;嘉永七寅十一月五日暮六ツ時&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;大阪川口 大つなみ混雑記　摂津大地震 二編&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;* 坐摩神社の絵馬堂が崩れる。&lt;br /&gt;* 稲荷神社の石灯籠、および御旅所の座敷が壊れる。&lt;br /&gt;* 新町の東扇屋の座敷が被害を受ける。&lt;br /&gt;* 願教寺の前では7〜8軒が被害を受ける。&lt;br /&gt;* 難波の安如寺（安養寺）の釣鐘堂が倒壊する。&lt;br /&gt;* 天満の妙見堂の絵馬堂が壊れる。&lt;br /&gt;* 南御堂の北の辻の角が被害を受ける。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;* 四天王寺の灯籠堂、後ろの表門、法生寺の大門などが損壊。&lt;br /&gt;* 梅田周辺は混雑・大混乱となる。&lt;br /&gt;* 寺町、七条町、吉原、池の裏、上野区などの市中各地でも揺れによる損壊や混乱が生じた。&lt;br /&gt;* 春日大社や周辺の神社・町家などでも被害が発生。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;大津波と川口の惨状&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;三千村 嘉永七寅十一月五日暮七ツ時 大地震。&lt;br /&gt;大阪天保山沖安治川・木津川底より辺大は、地ゆること三百遍あまり。&lt;br /&gt;引潮退くこと川底見ゆるばかり、各御所様をはじめとして、川岸などの家々を押し崩し、船なども押し流され……&lt;br /&gt;上るもり川岸などの船を打折る。次船を打破り、溺死よおよそ数知れず。&lt;br /&gt;其外、舟に乗移り助からんとせしも、船死の角、救ひ得ず。&lt;br /&gt;身も肉も砕け、川に漂ふ。身も震ふばかりの波の高さ、船を打ち進み、人死の叫び声、ただ恐ろしく聞こゆ。&lt;br /&gt;大船の端船など打ち砕け、橋をも倒す。&lt;br /&gt;前代未聞の災難、落命する者あまたあり&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;・現代文約&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;嘉永7年（1854年）11月5日の夕方（午後4時〜6時頃）に大地震が発生した。大阪の天保山沖、安治川、木津川の川底から天地がひっくり返るほどの激しい揺れがあり、地鳴りや揺れは300回以上に及んだ。津波の前の引き潮によって川底が見えるほど水が引き、その後押し寄せた津波により、お屋敷をはじめ川沿いの家々は押し崩され、船も次々と押し流された。川を遡上してきた津波は川岸の船を打ち砕き、隣の船を次々と破壊して、溺れ死んだ人は数知れない。そのほか、余震を恐れて船に乗り移り助かろうとした人々も、押し寄せた船同士が激しく衝突し合って挟まれ、助けるすべもなかった。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;体も砕けて川に漂う有様である。身の毛も立つような津波の高波が押し寄せ、船を打ち壊し、溺れて死んでいく人々の叫び声は、ただただ恐ろしく響き渡った。&lt;br /&gt;大船や小船（端船）は木っ端微塵に砕け、川にかかる橋をも押し倒した。&lt;br /&gt;まさに前代未聞の災難であり、命を落とした者は数限りない。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;* 被害・崩落した主な橋やエリア&lt;br /&gt;亀井橋、安治川橋、難波橋、大黒橋、道頓堀、心斎橋、幸橋、天王橋、今橋などの周辺で船の激突や破片により橋が破落・倒壊した。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;◆下記もご覧ください&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2011/06/2011-617_3937.html" target="_blank"&gt;2011 6/17 大地震両川口津浪記石碑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2011/03/2011-322.html" target="_blank"&gt;2011 3/22 擁護璽&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfalglz033oWaQvlCT4sPP0OyCVNB6Qw7GeObRsIkYezO4PMXkkCtNL8n1FXt9Pgv0KxwGhDXbSk8JRrf3iNLyptOjMQdhf3WxaMe2ley6VUfJEgJzynuasd2oGGrdkjGRMr2Tkzns2_KYuKbYm43k77jY-_2DtRI3VxvTh26hNMFV4TQ0wIybvIO_NsNC/s72-w640-h370-c/%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F1.jpg" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、大阪府堺市</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.5733261 135.4831176</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.2630922638211572 100.32686760000001 62.883559936178848 170.6393676</georss:box></item><item><title>【歴史の裏側】なぜ琉球は日本の領土になったのか？薩摩の侵攻からボアソナードの活躍まで</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/blog-post_26.html</link><category>明治</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-4338379194599538398</guid><description>&lt;p data-path-to-node="6"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3fu_byRrIbI_y3K0C4jRS3Q7qGJzNF-dvYg2PsgBn4ryhCPbmOpeYzJqxZrzQGS53n-5hOtraYtTGry0L3buaCsVh5Y961vN2syqeihLL8JVQ1y_o_-iUBvuTO8wK6DKWSKXSC3WjqmOmrxjNljB6eItwpL2NoRmZ82l4-_6z50EFCBlExvNANhFHsGe/s1024/watermarked_img_13440249535572615166.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1024" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3fu_byRrIbI_y3K0C4jRS3Q7qGJzNF-dvYg2PsgBn4ryhCPbmOpeYzJqxZrzQGS53n-5hOtraYtTGry0L3buaCsVh5Y961vN2syqeihLL8JVQ1y_o_-iUBvuTO8wK6DKWSKXSC3WjqmOmrxjNljB6eItwpL2NoRmZ82l4-_6z50EFCBlExvNANhFHsGe/w640-h350/watermarked_img_13440249535572615166.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="6"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;この記事は「&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="https://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2011/12/2011-1217.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 游ゴシック体, &amp;quot;Yu Gothic&amp;quot;, YuGothic, &amp;quot;ヒラギノ角ゴシック Pro&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&amp;quot;, メイリオ, Meiryo, Osaka, &amp;quot;ＭＳ Ｐゴシック&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;MS PGothic&amp;quot;, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.34px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;2011 12/17 教科書に書かれない幕末史　～琉球処分&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="6"&gt;」をリライトし加筆しています。&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="6"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="6"&gt;◆ 薩摩藩の侵攻と「掟十五条」による二重支配&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="7"&gt;1372年に明（中国）の進貢国となり、冊封関係を結んだ琉球王国。貿易によって独自の文化と繁栄を遂げていましたが、その平和な歴史は江戸時代の幕開けとともに大きく動きます。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="8"&gt;関ヶ原の戦いで勝利した徳川家康から島津家に出されたのは、まさかの「琉球制圧」の指令でした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="9"&gt;1609年、島津軍3,000人が琉球へ攻め入り、首里城を制圧（慶長の役）。1611年には、琉球にとって非常に不利な「掟十五条」を無理やり結ばされることになります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="10"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="10"&gt;【掟十五条の主な内容】&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node="11"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="11,0,0"&gt;奄美群島を薩摩藩の領土とし、税を納めさせること&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="11,1,0"&gt;今回の島津軍による戦の正当性を認めること&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="11,2,0"&gt;明との冊封貿易を薩摩藩の許可・監視下に置くこと&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="12"&gt;これにより、琉球は薩摩藩への年貢支払いや江戸への参勤交代（江戸立ち）を余儀なくされました。さらに、明（のちに清）との関係も継続していたため、中国と日本の間で板挟み状態となります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="13"&gt;薩摩藩は、清に対して自藩の存在や支配を隠し通す一方で、日本国内に向けては「琉球を配下に置いた」と強くアピールしていました。厳しい環境下ではありながらも、琉球はかろうじて王国としての体面を保ち続けていたのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="15"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="15"&gt;◆ ペリー来航と「琉球藩」への改変&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="16"&gt;ペリーが浦賀にやってきた「黒船来航」は1853年7月8日として有名ですが、実はその約1ヶ月前（5月26日）、ペリーは先に琉球へ立ち寄っていました。強引に首里城へ入り込み、開国を促すアメリカ大統領の親書を手渡していたのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="17"&gt;その後、時代は明治へと変わります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="18"&gt;明治5年、新政府は使者として楢原陳政（ならはらいちじ / 幸五郎）を琉球へ派遣。明治維新を祝う「慶賀使節」を東京へ出すよう要請しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="19"&gt;同年9月14日、琉球使節は明治天皇に謁見。このとき外務卿の副島種臣から「琉球藩」とする命が下されます。当時の琉球側は「王国から藩へと呼称が変わるだけ」と受け止め、大きな危機感は抱いていませんでした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote data-path-to-node="20"&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="20,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="20,0"&gt;※使者・楢原陳政とは？&lt;/b&gt;
幕末の「寺田屋事件（1862年）」や「生麦事件（1862年）」に関与した薩摩藩士。のちに第8代沖縄県知事（1892年〜1905年）を務めることになる人物です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="22"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="22"&gt;◆ 海外派兵の引き金となった「台湾出兵」&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="23"&gt;そんな中、日本の領土問題を大きく揺るがす大事件「台湾出兵（明治7年）」が勃発します。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="24"&gt;事の始まりは1871年（明治4年）。年貢を納めた帰りに台風へ巻き込まれた宮古島の船が、台湾南東部に漂着しました。乗組員66名のうち54名が、言葉の通じない現地の先住民（パイワン族など）によって殺害されてしまったのです（「宮古島島民遭難事件」）。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="25"&gt;当時、琉球は「日本（薩摩）と清国の両方に所属している」というあやふやな立場にありました。そこで明治政府は「被害に遭った琉球民は日本の国民である」と主張。琉球が日本の領土であることを世界へ証明するため、軍の派遣を決定します。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="26"&gt;西郷隆盛の弟・西郷従道（つぐみち）をトップに立て、約3,600名の軍隊を台湾へ派遣。これには、明治維新の改革で不満を募らせていた元武士（士族）たちの目を海外へ向けさせるという政府の思惑もありました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="27"&gt;日本軍は現地の集落を制圧したものの、実際の戦闘以上に猛威を振るったのがマラリアなどの風土病でした。500名以上の病死者を出すという、非常に過酷な戦いとなったのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="29"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="29"&gt;◆ 大久保利通の外交戦と「北京専条」&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="30"&gt;当然、清国は「台湾は我が国の領土だ！」と強く抗議してきました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="31"&gt;ここで全権大使として清の北京へ乗り込んだのが&lt;b data-index-in-node="22" data-path-to-node="31"&gt;大久保利通&lt;/b&gt;です。大久保はイギリスなどの仲介も借りながら、「近代国際法（万国公法）」を武器に清国の高官たちと激しい心理戦を繰り広げました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="32"&gt;そして10月31日、両国の間で「北京専条」という条約が結ばれます。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-path-to-node="33"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="33,0,0"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="33,0,0"&gt;清国は日本の出兵を正当なものと認め、被害者への見舞金や日本軍が設置した設備の買い取り費として50万両（現在の価値で約100億〜150億円）を支払う。&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="34"&gt;清国が「被害者は日本の国民（民人）である」と公式に認めたことで、清国は琉球に対して口出しができなくなりました。これが、1879年（明治12年）に「沖縄県」が設置（琉球処分）される大きな決定打となったのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="36"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="36"&gt;◆ 裏で支えた「日本近代法の父」ボアソナード&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="37"&gt;この難航した外交交渉を裏で支えたのが、明治政府のお雇い外国人であったフランス人法学者、ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナード（Gustave Emile Boissonade）でした。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="38"&gt;彼は法律のアドバイザーとして大久保利通に国際法の助言を与え、日本の立場を強力にバックアップしました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="39"&gt;ボアソナードは外交面だけでなく、日本の近代化のために数多くの功績を残しており、のちに「日本近代法の父」と称され、現在の日本の民法の基礎を築くことになります。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-path-to-node="40"&gt;このように、薩摩の侵攻から始まった琉球の二重支配は、国際法をめぐる外交戦を経て、日本へと組み込まれていく歴史の大きなうねりとなったのです。&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio3fu_byRrIbI_y3K0C4jRS3Q7qGJzNF-dvYg2PsgBn4ryhCPbmOpeYzJqxZrzQGS53n-5hOtraYtTGry0L3buaCsVh5Y961vN2syqeihLL8JVQ1y_o_-iUBvuTO8wK6DKWSKXSC3WjqmOmrxjNljB6eItwpL2NoRmZ82l4-_6z50EFCBlExvNANhFHsGe/s72-w640-h350-c/watermarked_img_13440249535572615166.jpg" width="72"/></item><item><title>明治・大正時代を深く知るための厳選書籍ガイド</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/blog-post_24.html</link><category>大正</category><category>明治</category><category>書籍</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 18:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-8305139369759631914</guid><description>&lt;div style="color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 700px;"&gt;

  &lt;!--全体紹介文--&gt;
  &lt;section style="background-color: #fdfbf7; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(226, 215, 197); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) 0px 2px 6px; margin-bottom: 40px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGtvW-GuNMgKS7so81ruFeNvrg6Wqq9o9tGeENFaJX_SsnVqULpFghay2lAvD4t7E7LO_VX-WPbN1adM9sYe9N-02gpkFlN3xQ9WiFI724RZc9uVYY8i-urTMcd3ASFfHrH-kH3tk8NcAJFl_uC8C44l2wsJl6Xaz9HHPSqLBdfIzhoJmAv7dF1riz2-nK/s1024/3c80249d-5685-4c73-80f4-5cd34b7ff697.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1024" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGtvW-GuNMgKS7so81ruFeNvrg6Wqq9o9tGeENFaJX_SsnVqULpFghay2lAvD4t7E7LO_VX-WPbN1adM9sYe9N-02gpkFlN3xQ9WiFI724RZc9uVYY8i-urTMcd3ASFfHrH-kH3tk8NcAJFl_uC8C44l2wsJl6Xaz9HHPSqLBdfIzhoJmAv7dF1riz2-nK/w640-h350/3c80249d-5685-4c73-80f4-5cd34b7ff697.jpeg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #4a3b32; font-size: 1.35rem; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 1.35rem;"&gt;明治・大正時代を深く知るための厳選書籍ガイド&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.98rem; margin: 0px;"&gt;激動の近代化を遂げた明治時代と、短くも多様な価値観が花開いた大正時代。この時代は、現代日本の政治・社会・文化の原点を形作った極めて重要な転換期です。世界列強の仲間入りを目指した日清・日露戦争、急速な産業資本主義の発展、さらには隣国との外交や植民地統治など、日本が直面した試練と選択は多岐にわたります。しかし、教科書的な暗記だけでは、当時の人々が何を感じ、どのように社会が動いたのかという本質を見失いがちです。本記事では、近代日本の歩みを複眼的な視点から学べる傑作新書や名著をピックアップしました。政治史や軍事史だけでなく、帝国のあり方や社会構造の変容まで、専門研究の知見をわかりやすく解説した書籍を厳選しています。歴史の潮流を多角的に捉えることで、複雑な近代史の全体像が鮮明に浮かび上がるはずです。歴史ファンはもちろん、現代社会のルーツを学び直したい方にも自信を持ってお勧めできるラインナップとなっています。&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/section&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍1--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0dP6aC8w" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="大正史講義" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61nBljtSMqS._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;大正史講義 (ちくま新書)&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;第一線の研究者たちによる最新の学説と多角的な視点を凝縮&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;政治・外交・社会・文化など「多様な大正像」を包括的に学べる&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;短くも濃密な「大正」という時代のポテンシャルを再発見できる&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;わずか15年足らずで駆け抜けた「大正時代」は、明治の坂を登り切った日本が、民主主義の開花（デモクラシー）と都市大衆社会の到来という新たな局面を迎えた時代です。本書は、気鋭の歴史研究者たちが集結し、最新の研究成果に基づいて大正史の多面的な姿を分かりやすく講義形式で解き明かす一冊です。政治の動向や吉野作造らの民本主義はもちろんのこと、女性の社会進出、消費文化の隆盛、さらには関東大震災後の社会変容まで幅広く網羅しています。明治の国家建設期と昭和の狂乱期に挟まれ、一見地味に思われがちな時代のイメージを一新し、現代に直結するダイナミズムを感じ取ることができます。一章ごとにテーマが独立しているため読みやすく、大正時代を体系的かつ立体的に理解したい方にとって最高の入門書です。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0dP6aC8w" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍2--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0gt4WXUc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="大正天皇" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/8171udDh7FL._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;大正天皇 (朝日文庫)&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;病弱というステレオタイプを打破し、実像に迫る傑作伝記&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;「大正デモクラシー」と皇室の関わりを鮮やかに描き出す&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;近代君主制の過渡期における葛藤と人間味あふれる素顔に触れられる&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;明治天皇のカリスマ的な影に隠れ、病弱で存在感が薄かったとされる大正天皇。しかし、史料に基づきその生涯を丁寧に追った本書は、従来のイメージを大きく覆します。幼少期からの病との闘い、全国巡幸で見せたフレンドリーな人間性、そして政党政治の伸長という政治的過渡期において「立憲君主」としてどう振る舞おうとしたのかを鋭く考察しています。明治から昭和へと至る激動の時代にあって、急速な近代化を果たした国家がどのような君主像を求めていたのか、そしてその期待と現実の狭間で苦悩した一人の人間としての姿が鮮明に立ち現れます。大正という時代を政治の頂点にいた天皇の視点から捉え直すことで、政党内閣の成立背景や当時の国家体制の脆さ・柔軟性がより深く理解できるようになる名著です。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0gt4WXUc" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍3--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B03fzNR4t" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="植民地朝鮮と日本" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61RnMsYAKfL._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;植民地朝鮮と日本 (岩波新書)&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;日韓関係の歴史的基盤となった「韓国併合」の実相を客観的に検証&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;統治する側・される側双方の社会構造と意識の変化を徹底追及&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;現代まで続く日韓問題の原点を学ぶための必読書&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;明治末期の1910年に行われた「韓国併合」から1945年の敗戦に至るまで、日本は朝鮮半島を植民地として統治しました。本書は、この35年間に及ぶ植民地支配が双方の社会や人々に与えた影響を、政治・経済・文化の多角的な側面から整理した決定版の一冊です。武断統治から文化統治へのシフト、創氏改名や皇民化政策の推進といった歴史的経緯を辿るだけでなく、土地調査事業や産業化が現地社会にどのような構造変化をもたらしたのかを冷徹かつ客観的に分析しています。単なる被害・加害の二項対立にとどまらず、当時の国際情勢や帝国日本の構造的課題を踏まえた客観的な記述が光ります。明治・大正期の日本が「帝国」として膨張していくプロセスを理解し、現代の日韓関係を冷静に考察するための不可欠な視点を提供してくれます。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B03fzNR4t" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍4--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B02ToA1dj" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="シリーズ日本近現代史 ３ 日清・日露戦争" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61TbfkwRLvL._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;シリーズ日本近現代史 ３ 日清・日露戦争 (岩波新書)&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;定評ある岩波新書「近現代史シリーズ」のスタンダードな一冊&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;単なる軍事史にとどまらず、国際情勢や国内政治との連動を描く&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;戦争が日本社会と国民意識を変容させたプロセスを解明&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;明治という時代を決定づけた二つの大戦、日清戦争と日露戦争。本書は、東アジアの国際秩序が解体し、日本が急速に帝国へと変貌していく過程をクリアに描いた通史の傑作です。戦場の動向だけでなく、当時の開戦に至る外交交渉、戦費調達をめぐる経済的限界、政党と藩閥の駆け引き、さらには戦時下に形成された国民意識やナショナリズムの昂揚までをバランス良く解説しています。二つの戦争を通じて日本が得た成果と、同時に背負うことになった膨大なリスク（対外債務や軍備拡張の連鎖）を冷静に照射している点が特徴です。明治後半期の日本がどのように世界構造に組み込まれ、どのような矛盾を抱え込むことになったのかを学ぶ上で、最も信頼できる標準的なテキストと言えます。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B02ToA1dj" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍5--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0bWCjaFx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="日清・日露戦争をどう見るか" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/8149UaJMWKL._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;日清・日露戦争をどう見るか 近代日本と朝鮮半島・中国 (ＮＨＫ出版新書)&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;日本中心の視点を脱し、東アジア全体の構図から戦争を捉え直す&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;清国や朝鮮半島の動向・視点を組み込んだ複眼的な歴史観&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;新書ならではの平易な語り口で複雑な対外関係がスムーズに頭に入る&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;日清・日露戦争を語る際、私たちは往々にして「日本の勝敗」や「欧米列強との外交」に目を奪われがちです。しかし本書は、舞台となった朝鮮半島や清国（中国）側の視点、そして現地の人々が直面した現実をしっかりと取り込むことで、戦争の全貌を立体的に浮かび上がらせます。なぜ東アジアの勢力バランスが崩壊したのか、日本のアジア観がどのように変容していったのかを深く分析。自国中心の歴史観に偏ることなく、当時の複雑な地域情勢を客観的かつ広い視野で捉え直すことができるのが最大の強みです。近代日本の歩みがアジア近隣諸国にどのようなインパクトを与え、それが後の太平洋戦争や現在の東アジア情勢にどうつながっていくのか、歴史の連続性を理解するための深い示唆を与えてくれる一冊です。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0bWCjaFx" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍6--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0d1boOob" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="日本の産業革命――日清・日露戦争から考える" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/91p3DlznQRL._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;日本の産業革命――日清・日露戦争から考える (講談社学術文庫)&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;「経済・産業史」の切り口から近代日本の急速な発展を紐解く&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;製糸業・綿紡績業・重工業の発達と戦争の因果関係を解明&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;現代日本の産業構造や企業風土のルーツを知ることができる&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;明治維新以降、日本がいかにしてアジアで唯一の産業革命を成し遂げ、資本主義国へと脱皮したのか。本書はそのプロセスを、日清・日露戦争という二つの大戦との相乗効果に着目して解き明かす名著です。軽工業（軽糸・紡績）から重化学工業へのシフト、鉄道網の敷設、官営八幡製鉄所の立ち上げなど、国家と民間の経済活動がどのように噛み合っていたのかを豊富なデータとともに辿ります。軍需拡大が産業を育てる一方で、軍事費の増大が国家財政を圧迫するという表裏一体の構造を明快に描出。政治史や軍事史だけでは見えてこない「お金と産業の流れ」から明治・大正期を捉え直すことで、近代日本が持つバイタリティと構造的課題の両面を深く掘り下げることができます。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B0d1boOob" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍7--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B063o8qoT" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="黄文雄の近現代史集中講座" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81nlPlVbZ-L._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;黄文雄の近現代史集中講座 日清・日露・大東亜戦争編&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;台湾出身の論客による独自かつ大胆な視点からの地政学史観&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;欧米列強の植民地主義と東アジア情勢の現実を鋭く追及&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;通説に対する刺激的な問題提起で歴史思考力を鍛えられる&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;台湾出身の評論家・黄文雄氏が、地政学と独自の史観を用いて日本の近現代戦争史を一気に読み解く刺激的な論考です。日清・日露戦争から大東亜戦争に至る流れを、欧米列強によるアジア侵略と帝国主義の猛威という世界的文脈の中に位置づけ、日本が生き残りをかけて挑んだ戦いの側面を強くクローズアップしています。自虐的になりがちな日本の近現代史観に対して強烈な反論を展開し、当時の国際法や外交の常識に照らし合わせた分析を展開。一般的な歴史教科書やアカデミズムの枠組みとは異なる独自の切り口で語られるため、自らの歴史観を広げたり、多角的な論点から歴史を再検証したりしたい読者にとって、大きな知的好奇心を刺激する内容となっています。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B063o8qoT" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

  &lt;!--書籍8--&gt;
  &lt;article style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 35px; padding: 24px;"&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B00gREyVs" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;
        &lt;img alt="日本の戦争はいかに始まったか" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81RYJmK5knL._SL1500_.jpg" style="border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 4px 10px; height: auto; max-width: 220px; width: 100%;" /&gt;
      &lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;h3 style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(140, 109, 83); color: #111111; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;日本の戦争はいかに始まったか―連続講義 日清日露から対米戦まで―（新潮選書）&lt;/h3&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: #f7f9fa; border-radius: 6px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 14px 18px;"&gt;
      &lt;p style="color: #2c3e50; font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"&gt;【おススメのポイント】&lt;/p&gt;
      &lt;ul style="font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;明治の成功体験がいかにして昭和の破局へ繋がったかの「連続性」を解明&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;講義形式の圧倒的読みやすさと、一流研究者による深い洞察力&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;開戦に至る意思決定のメカニズムや組織的欠陥を冷静に分析&lt;/li&gt;
      &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 20px;"&gt;明治の日清・日露戦争における「成功」は、なぜ昭和の太平洋戦争という「破局」へと向かってしまったのか。本書は、近代日本の戦争の歴史を断片的に捉えるのではなく、一つの巨大な連続したプロセスとして読み解く感動的な連続講義録です。軍部や政治家たちが直面した選択肢、外交判断の甘さ、そして世論の暴走がどのように組み合わさって開戦のブレーキが効かなくなっていったのかを解き明かします。明治・大正期に作られた国家機構のシステム上の欠陥や成功体験への過度な依存が、後の時代にどう影響したのかを論理的に整理。過去の教訓を現代の組織論や意思決定に応用する上でも、極めて示唆に富む歴史書の名著です。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
      &lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B00gREyVs" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffa41c; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 2px 4px; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/article&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGtvW-GuNMgKS7so81ruFeNvrg6Wqq9o9tGeENFaJX_SsnVqULpFghay2lAvD4t7E7LO_VX-WPbN1adM9sYe9N-02gpkFlN3xQ9WiFI724RZc9uVYY8i-urTMcd3ASFfHrH-kH3tk8NcAJFl_uC8C44l2wsJl6Xaz9HHPSqLBdfIzhoJmAv7dF1riz2-nK/s72-w640-h350-c/3c80249d-5685-4c73-80f4-5cd34b7ff697.jpeg" width="72"/></item><item><title>鈴木商店と松原藤助さんと松原恒七さん寄進の灯篭</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/blog-post_23.html</link><category>大正</category><category>寺社仏閣</category><category>明治</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 12:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-4353464237839224260</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguGCEvQLlsyteuFXzyQbAhJAhypKd-INvf-Ko2f6IIXEINcaFhJUeCQFFi-a9d4HR2OW_MY9pX82knvek2LXYrAFWBM62Qt80X9PTcQiWitResOgy8_XpGK58Ywd9-81FgkuahB-c2y3DCGdbYBn8UtwOCJSHofTiWniHdpMjJY5LmgqIokO4zCJLPu1ff/s4096/IMG_20260822_063302410_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguGCEvQLlsyteuFXzyQbAhJAhypKd-INvf-Ko2f6IIXEINcaFhJUeCQFFi-a9d4HR2OW_MY9pX82knvek2LXYrAFWBM62Qt80X9PTcQiWitResOgy8_XpGK58Ywd9-81FgkuahB-c2y3DCGdbYBn8UtwOCJSHofTiWniHdpMjJY5LmgqIokO4zCJLPu1ff/w640-h360/IMG_20260822_063302410_HDR.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;相当な昔になりますが、電車通勤だったころ、城山三郎の小説「ねずみ」鈴木商店焼き討ち事件という小説を読んだことがあります。はじめて「鈴木商店」という名前を知り、そのスケールの大きさと日本経済の礎となった会社であったと驚きました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B08C1q5w6" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="693" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQkq4dvHb4d2H6XRSLmu8nqkVYI7pTlXxwNrN0qM8lXXfWiGOvsrZyj2i9NpLMh968JpVGmF5-kIhY0EAGxwyn4k51YOdkvIbHA4QVX2qTVyK5bVAFzYoBLueD5abfuY504L4CREu4LPbtztxaLo61wWDQgJ0L9fU16oXOntuMt07Yex6srmIhGC-93jki/s320/61erk4nKKGL._SL1000_.jpg" width="222" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div _ngcontent-ng-c2812060934="" aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="markdown markdown-main-panel md-content enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color stronger" dir="ltr" id="model-response-message-contentr_2e37e47a0c065ddf" inline-copy-host="" style="--animation-duration: 400ms; --fade-animation-function: ease-out; animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; font-family: &amp;quot;Google Sans Text&amp;quot;, sans-serif; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;明治から大正時代にかけて日本一の総合商社に成長した「鈴木商店」は、約80もの事業会社を興し、日本の近代化や重化学工業の発展に多大な貢献をしました。昭和初期に経営破綻したものの、同社が関わった多くの企業は形を変えながら現代の日本経済を支えています。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; 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transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table data-path-to-node="2" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; color: #1f1f1f; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px 0px 32px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;thead style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;strong style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;現代の関連企業名（設立時の名称）&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;strong style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;業種&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;strong style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店との関係・歴史&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,1,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;双日&lt;/b&gt;（日本商業）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,1,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;総合商社&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,1,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店破綻後、営業が「日本商業（日商）」に移譲されて再出発しました。物流ビジネス等から黒字化させ、現在へとつながっています。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,2,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,2,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;神戸製鋼所&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,2,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鉄鋼・機械&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,2,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店が主力事業として育成した企業であり、破綻後は自主再建を果たしました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,3,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;帝人&lt;/b&gt;（帝国人造絹糸）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,3,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;化学・繊維&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,3,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「帝国人造絹糸」として設立され、破綻後は自主再建されました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,4,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;IHI&lt;/b&gt;（播磨造船所）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,4,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;造船・重機械&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,4,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店傘下であった神戸製鋼所から分離独立した「播磨造船所」が、現在のIHIの源流の一つとなっています。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,5,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;サッポロビールなど&lt;/b&gt;（帝国麦酒）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,5,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;食品・飲料&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,5,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「帝国麦酒」が「桜麦酒」を経て、のちの「大日本麦酒」へと合流しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,6,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;商船三井&lt;/b&gt;（国際汽船）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,6,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;海運&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,6,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「国際汽船」が、のちに現在の商船三井の前身である「大阪商船」へ移管されました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,7,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;出光興産&lt;/b&gt;（旭石油）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,7,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;石油&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,7,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「旭石油」が早山石油、新津石油と合併して「昭和石油」（のちに他社と統合し現在の出光興産）となりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,8,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;日油&lt;/b&gt;（合同油脂グリセリン）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,8,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;化学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,8,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「合同油脂グリセリン」が日本食糧工業などと合併し、「日本油脂（第一次）」として設立されました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,9,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;J-オイルミルズ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;（豊年製油）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,9,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;食品（製油）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,9,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「豊年製油」として設立され、破綻後は自主再建されました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,10,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;ニッスイ&lt;/b&gt;（日本トロール）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,10,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;水産&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,10,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「日本トロール」が日正水産と合弁し、「共同漁業」（ニッスイの源流）となりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,11,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;大和紡績 / ダイワボウ&lt;/b&gt;（佐賀紡績）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,11,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;繊維&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,11,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「佐賀紡績」が「錦華紡績」を経て現在の姿へとつながりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,12,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;ニチリン&lt;/b&gt;（日本輪業）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,12,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;自動車部品&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,12,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店の化学事業の原点「東レザー」から発展した日沙商会から分離独立した「日本輪業」が前身です。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,13,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,13,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;日本発条 / ニッパツ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,13,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;金属製品&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,13,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;旧鈴木商店ゆかりの「日商」が再び生産事業に進出して設立した企業で、後に世界的なばねメーカーへと成長しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,14,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,14,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;帝国通信工業&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,14,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;電気機器&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,14,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店系の「東京無線電機」が、東芝などと共同で設立しました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;b data-index-in-node="0" data-path-to-node="2,15,0,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;太陽鉱工&lt;/b&gt;（太陽曹達）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,15,1,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鉱業・不動産&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 199, 197); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: 0px; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 8px 12px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: relative; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;&lt;span data-path-to-node="2,15,2,0" style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; display: inline; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;「太陽曹達」として鈴木家のお家再興の軸となり、自主再建の後「太陽産業」を経て現在の名称になりました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="animation: auto ease 0s 1 normal none running none; appearance: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31); clear: none; clip: auto; columns: auto; contain: none; container: none; content: normal; cursor: auto; cx: 0px; cy: 0px; d: none; direction: ltr; fill: rgb(0, 0, 0); filter: none; flex-direction: row; flex: 0 1 auto; float: none; gap: normal; hyphens: manual; inset: auto; interactivity: auto; isolation: auto; line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin: 0px; marker: none; mask-clip: border-box; mask-composite: add; mask-image: none; mask-mode: match-source; mask-origin: border-box; mask-repeat: repeat; mask-size: auto; mask: none; offset: normal; opacity: 1; order: 0; outline: rgb(31, 31, 31) none 2.22222px; overlay: none; padding: 0px; page: auto; perspective: none; position: static; quotes: auto; r: 0px; resize: none; rotate: none; rule: 3.33333px rgb(31, 31, 31); rx: auto; ry: auto; scale: none; speak: normal; stroke: none; transform: none; transition: all; translate: none; visibility: visible; x: 0px; y: 0px; zoom: 1;"&gt;鈴木商店の倒産は日本経済に多大な影響を与えましたが、世界的な砂糖商であった同社の破綻が砂糖流通組織の変革の契機となったり、新たな化学工業への既成財閥の進出を後押ししたりと、結果的に日本の産業や工業化のスピードを加速させる役割を果たしました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;「お家はん」という名前でドラマ化されたのは記憶に新しく、天海祐希と小栗旬が主演。読売テレビ開局55周年記念ドラマとして2014年5月9日に放送された日本のスペシャルドラマです。明治から昭和初期にかけて、神戸の小さな砂糖問屋を世界的巨大商社へと成長させた実在の女性・鈴木よねと、彼女を支えた大番頭・金子直吉の波乱の生涯を描いています。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;その鈴木商店が生まれる元となった会社は「かね辰」。&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;明治7（1874）年、創業者である鈴木岩次郎は江戸時代から続く大阪の有力な砂糖商「辰巳屋（辰巳屋嘉兵衛）」で丁稚（でっち）として働き、修行を積みました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;岩次郎の誠実な働きぶりが認められ、暖簾分け（のれんわけ）を許され、神戸での開業時に、本家の屋号である「辰巳屋」と、&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;その商標である「かね辰」を名乗ることを許されました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;その神戸で砂糖の卸売業を始めた際、最初に掲げた看板が「辰巳屋・鈴木商店」でした。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;この辰巳屋（たつみや）の頭文字を記号化したものが「かね辰（曲尺の中に「辰」）」であり、これが鈴木商店の最初の商標となりました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;そして下記の灯篭に刻まれた名前「松原藤助」は、「鈴木岩次郎」が懸命に修業をし、商いの基礎を学んだ「辰巳屋」の主。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;江戸時代後期の文政7（1824）年、初代・松原藤助が大阪の有力な砂糖商から暖簾分けを受け、大阪大宝寺町に「辰巳屋・松原商店」を開業しました。これが鈴木商店の歴史のすべての始まり（源流）となります。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;初代・藤助の次男が家業を継ぎ、二代目・松原藤助（のちに隠居して松原恒七と名乗る）となります。この二代目恒七の時代に、若き鈴木岩次郎が「辰巳屋」へ丁稚（でっち）として奉公に入りました。岩次郎はここで砂糖商としての商売のノウハウを徹底的に叩き込まれ、やがて頭角を現して神戸の弁天浜出張所を任される重要な番頭へと成長します。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;一心寺さんの松原藤助さんと松原恒七さん親子のお墓は、南門から入り右手側にありました。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif89eLOU1LidtR_gU44Y6c0aIM8NNA73OkspjZeImsyrMBfAvpqjFOrjqjRWND7ihd4pZjjqfMEzWRbd9Ut6OhoXrOEyWypr9WFyFeb7Qwq7DUYelda1QWV9D6S_0xbNAN23UsH_LDTcebkxJdtm9O7xx8GKXUhuJXbScJZ2zEvxBEEG58uYDJXkmSNLjb/s4096/IMG_20260822_063326320_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; 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margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="2304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWgC6K3N6HaKl-Wjel1_Ah2jgIst4-SGmfz8gP_2ErUZpteEZCeCsFRwllfo9M_3RQJ4STvzn4J9yec7Wm2EkcdjQGi8K2fcxAmnfkYHT_yPPcQ4unsGT6VOILmFGK24GOOs1gWPfU-1QWA12afiMWs1bZED-zDdnfaitbl1WKFStmZ-NmQf2_ceNEmX0h/w225-h400/IMG_20260822_063442203_HDR.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguGCEvQLlsyteuFXzyQbAhJAhypKd-INvf-Ko2f6IIXEINcaFhJUeCQFFi-a9d4HR2OW_MY9pX82knvek2LXYrAFWBM62Qt80X9PTcQiWitResOgy8_XpGK58Ywd9-81FgkuahB-c2y3DCGdbYBn8UtwOCJSHofTiWniHdpMjJY5LmgqIokO4zCJLPu1ff/s72-w640-h360-c/IMG_20260822_063302410_HDR.jpg" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒543-0062 大阪府大阪市天王寺区逢阪２丁目８−６９</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.6528733 135.5109152</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.3426394638211576 100.3546652 62.963107136178849 170.6671652</georss:box></item><item><title>小松院法楽寺と山阪神社　大正三年特別大演習　</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/blog-post_22.html</link><category>大正</category><category>寺社仏閣</category><category>明治</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-8758878034737492015</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;2026年8月15日に例の「施餓鬼供養」の「お流し」のため田辺不動尊として名高い「法楽寺」へ参拝。この法楽寺は真言宗泉涌寺派の大本山の寺院。JR南田辺駅から徒歩５分。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1FuELr4RwzDO7sp3bAJ5QktZaExgZB0gUPwXPhKIfNfedpXphZPI1XRj9oO_LS8biSYTubce4BbAHq51cABZyZiphlKVc0ENuWDuduSjJXOl1wGZ68O-r86wXYpCt3vgLiOmdK-E-PzhcqrMw705lIiARZyTTtzdY75Ka4FyatUKPCeAifVl_18KzoJsu/s2048/DVC00032.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1FuELr4RwzDO7sp3bAJ5QktZaExgZB0gUPwXPhKIfNfedpXphZPI1XRj9oO_LS8biSYTubce4BbAHq51cABZyZiphlKVc0ENuWDuduSjJXOl1wGZ68O-r86wXYpCt3vgLiOmdK-E-PzhcqrMw705lIiARZyTTtzdY75Ka4FyatUKPCeAifVl_18KzoJsu/w400-h300/DVC00032.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwa5mjHjxEZuNaK8ismo3fLXWWjAfi7FokqhJCcA6ffAnRUJlVjW9S7vJX23X7uWQV4Fiy6o341zBUVOTmL9WxYc8y8oQQ0yHbk3uoxFA89wYV70cVePGMNPsygQUqxDjMaYJzfabNv5E43jTtd_FOYB9FDvcdVnDLz58FZQ0nBIkVpSaPvHL597JomiQD/s4208/IMG_20260815_162327694_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2366" data-original-width="4208" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwa5mjHjxEZuNaK8ismo3fLXWWjAfi7FokqhJCcA6ffAnRUJlVjW9S7vJX23X7uWQV4Fiy6o341zBUVOTmL9WxYc8y8oQQ0yHbk3uoxFA89wYV70cVePGMNPsygQUqxDjMaYJzfabNv5E43jTtd_FOYB9FDvcdVnDLz58FZQ0nBIkVpSaPvHL597JomiQD/w400-h225/IMG_20260815_162327694_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixWHzFQ0g1vYx8N9L8iz1Nc_cnHgZN5g7k_hseXiYSEH-qTza_I96iIb1QUKjngfjlsEqEBTaukgwvTaNfZ8PJQt3k1vKnzF-RqrYwQb1n4i3x-tT4N1VHuIa4TyZQeWgwxk5nGb5cTABiPc6O7fjO78thY_5d4kzQt6i86EO25UiTJp5ytruZSSL5MbvK/s4624/DSC_0329.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4624" data-original-width="3468" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixWHzFQ0g1vYx8N9L8iz1Nc_cnHgZN5g7k_hseXiYSEH-qTza_I96iIb1QUKjngfjlsEqEBTaukgwvTaNfZ8PJQt3k1vKnzF-RqrYwQb1n4i3x-tT4N1VHuIa4TyZQeWgwxk5nGb5cTABiPc6O7fjO78thY_5d4kzQt6i86EO25UiTJp5ytruZSSL5MbvK/w300-h400/DSC_0329.jpg" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb3Az07UWveUo3w3UhktvM3Wor0HbNRbwleZY07o0xAKtfS30GriDJp29QAO8nEOqbEM-_MkgwVUUSIEFMvg-suE-KeSOZzt2aeEteNsD8LH7Z2UUzIMWbA6V1NCwsIEO3fzjl0FzVR_dlpPNvViUmsGE2MH-A4bv3RajeNDSXfDUyQxx1OuH9UBCExIkU/s4096/IMG_20260815_161740320_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb3Az07UWveUo3w3UhktvM3Wor0HbNRbwleZY07o0xAKtfS30GriDJp29QAO8nEOqbEM-_MkgwVUUSIEFMvg-suE-KeSOZzt2aeEteNsD8LH7Z2UUzIMWbA6V1NCwsIEO3fzjl0FzVR_dlpPNvViUmsGE2MH-A4bv3RajeNDSXfDUyQxx1OuH9UBCExIkU/w400-h225/IMG_20260815_161740320_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;無事に施餓鬼を終え、せっかくなので「法楽寺」から200M程度の距離にある「山阪神社」へ参拝。この神社は、野見宿禰（大和国の豪傑・当麻蹴速（たいまのけはや）と相撲で戦って勝利した「相撲の始祖」・天皇の葬儀で生きた人の代わりに埴輪（はにわ）を埋めることを提案した人物）に因んで、奉納相撲が行われていた由緒から、大相撲大阪場所では九重部屋の宿舎になっている神社。力石がずらっと勢ぞろい。一番右端が元横綱・第58代千代の富士貢が寄贈した力石。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrns98iVvb82nluILdEn97VG-QMUCQV5BzYBZ7JZKViZRlyXjnzDu_OoNkkF0BxkiZSiyx3dtT2AJrQ_Deta71lm-zrbS2JVqbRsv9uExdUCB3-vgIhfL5jQ-eUDd5hPRDsMhQQ4GbCCi3N175-VLj4YF-EqTrxWbXh7NEAXJGGp9CAECH2FBcQxjiwe6e/s4096/IMG_20260815_163729598_HDR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrns98iVvb82nluILdEn97VG-QMUCQV5BzYBZ7JZKViZRlyXjnzDu_OoNkkF0BxkiZSiyx3dtT2AJrQ_Deta71lm-zrbS2JVqbRsv9uExdUCB3-vgIhfL5jQ-eUDd5hPRDsMhQQ4GbCCi3N175-VLj4YF-EqTrxWbXh7NEAXJGGp9CAECH2FBcQxjiwe6e/w400-h225/IMG_20260815_163729598_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;今回はじめて参拝させていただいたのですがびっくりしました！でまた私の超好奇心がムクムクと出てまいりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJqD1DLE-ELWhyphenhyphenhg_54gOj9QQdkrOEEewCiLTbkdDC039hURcnSIUkRY-CbqDhpuWri7L5LV9q2qwpU8CdJkWm3vc-QNHYzW7LFUttM0Yx-lIejxAJ739KT67UkNu6jNLnBw_m2XGdthF8apV14I4MxghCRTWLMxpjBYhhSy3em0VgTdx6Y8-tUrl-Kc7/s4096/IMG_20260815_163253637_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="2304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJqD1DLE-ELWhyphenhyphenhg_54gOj9QQdkrOEEewCiLTbkdDC039hURcnSIUkRY-CbqDhpuWri7L5LV9q2qwpU8CdJkWm3vc-QNHYzW7LFUttM0Yx-lIejxAJ739KT67UkNu6jNLnBw_m2XGdthF8apV14I4MxghCRTWLMxpjBYhhSy3em0VgTdx6Y8-tUrl-Kc7/w225-h400/IMG_20260815_163253637_HDR.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2pMtAqkgeG41vVni0V2vq3rmzZiGV7lgtb-1y73tFFk_Ulpk1sKA7kP0-8yGXNVcMQ1PzUY3u2nwZ1kKywefU5o6L5oEPcE1B9kROoHhaed-ZrZFZORDFGt0eU3xkoYS4JltxNTS9EydfasmUBYStLbFTHhCF2RKUeofLY9Qu2bSHxOY29wzkEQMTlihW/s4096/IMG_20260815_164003768_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="4096" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2pMtAqkgeG41vVni0V2vq3rmzZiGV7lgtb-1y73tFFk_Ulpk1sKA7kP0-8yGXNVcMQ1PzUY3u2nwZ1kKywefU5o6L5oEPcE1B9kROoHhaed-ZrZFZORDFGt0eU3xkoYS4JltxNTS9EydfasmUBYStLbFTHhCF2RKUeofLY9Qu2bSHxOY29wzkEQMTlihW/w400-h225/IMG_20260815_164003768_HDR.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;というのはこの碑！&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLi0pEoLTMGOExT1yapPtZJn6SXZMVxf-dk7118IBw6P9tnrhXBfU9GTujAjLyfLatn3u6YLSTD6Iflo1TjjqqVbCK3E1XuVc4ZnRpBBW-CGx5kT0RQyVOjKIqUSmkC9wnwXpSGCjTUqc8a8oH09poo8hX6YBXnDmGmPsa4v4P4aJDbh414j6DN7hZYw-e/s4096/IMG_20260815_163553660_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="2304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLi0pEoLTMGOExT1yapPtZJn6SXZMVxf-dk7118IBw6P9tnrhXBfU9GTujAjLyfLatn3u6YLSTD6Iflo1TjjqqVbCK3E1XuVc4ZnRpBBW-CGx5kT0RQyVOjKIqUSmkC9wnwXpSGCjTUqc8a8oH09poo8hX6YBXnDmGmPsa4v4P4aJDbh414j6DN7hZYw-e/w225-h400/IMG_20260815_163553660_HDR.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZIfHsJ5U-GrEv0FnCnVHdWgfMpwQOQlR15Zu1Qr5hfnCbTSaMjG_H4_wmOyy3fIGUUTJlXlyPiAPubo87TCHcuZvhkUhj2fsWgoCNWHnXripw8Na4dze0IPBebA6Uh1jyqmCaH6gr3NelaSiJzaw8wjp604Vc9QLlNZvVKQL-nfG5VpAtDJimZP1bqI_/s4096/IMG_20260815_163602935_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="2304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZIfHsJ5U-GrEv0FnCnVHdWgfMpwQOQlR15Zu1Qr5hfnCbTSaMjG_H4_wmOyy3fIGUUTJlXlyPiAPubo87TCHcuZvhkUhj2fsWgoCNWHnXripw8Na4dze0IPBebA6Uh1jyqmCaH6gr3NelaSiJzaw8wjp604Vc9QLlNZvVKQL-nfG5VpAtDJimZP1bqI_/w225-h400/IMG_20260815_163602935_HDR.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9eA6KMTCwhgAAjHnFgoMfRFbCzQ9zGllI2Lyo2LTwxiRKm0QRji_56L6bzan_MSxAfbB7Or24dEicfkk5HL27xDN5WPhXQjJIkaVoWiUVMw8zhlenQ0kCRS7PTg3qCNgknxig3ezWICj1umHIDXp08mpI8hcQ4LVHXo8dxSZLhplJ5rcWeTRHOO1hzr6V/s4096/IMG_20260815_163635322_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="4096" data-original-width="2304" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9eA6KMTCwhgAAjHnFgoMfRFbCzQ9zGllI2Lyo2LTwxiRKm0QRji_56L6bzan_MSxAfbB7Or24dEicfkk5HL27xDN5WPhXQjJIkaVoWiUVMw8zhlenQ0kCRS7PTg3qCNgknxig3ezWICj1umHIDXp08mpI8hcQ4LVHXo8dxSZLhplJ5rcWeTRHOO1hzr6V/w225-h400/IMG_20260815_163635322_HDR.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;「大正天皇御野点所」の碑と巨大な「大正三年特別大演習　駐蹕之碑(ちゅうひつのひ)」「陸軍大将 大迫尚道（おおさこ なおみち：明治〜大正期に活躍した陸軍軍人で、日露戦争での活躍（第7師団長など）で知られます。同じく陸軍大将を務めた大迫尚敏の実弟） 謹書」&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;大正三年に大阪で行われた特別大演習は、大阪北東部に当たる交野市や淀川沿いであったはず・・JR星田駅近くに「大正天皇行幸記念碑」があるらしい。さて直線距離で30Kmほど離れているこの東住吉区山阪になぜ立ち寄られたのでしょう？&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;この大演習は北軍、南軍に分かれ演習を行うようですが想像以上に大規模な演習で南軍は八尾や天王寺付近まで舞台であったようです。この御野点はそれぞれの演習の状況を大正天皇が馬に乗り移動される途中に御休憩をされた場所との事。詳細な地図や資料は国会図書館等で閲覧可能ですがなかなか読み解くのに相当難しく難儀しています。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;纏まりましたらまた当BLOGに記載いたします。&lt;/div&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1FuELr4RwzDO7sp3bAJ5QktZaExgZB0gUPwXPhKIfNfedpXphZPI1XRj9oO_LS8biSYTubce4BbAHq51cABZyZiphlKVc0ENuWDuduSjJXOl1wGZ68O-r86wXYpCt3vgLiOmdK-E-PzhcqrMw705lIiARZyTTtzdY75Ka4FyatUKPCeAifVl_18KzoJsu/s72-w400-h300-c/DVC00032.JPG" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒546-0035 大阪府大阪市東住吉区山坂２丁目１９−２３</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.6232545 135.5219608</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.3130206638211561 100.36571079999999 62.933488336178847 170.6782108</georss:box></item><item><title>【昭和史】軍国主義への赤信号「ゴーストップ事件」を分かりやすく解説　(昭和8年)</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/8.html</link><category>大正</category><category>明治</category><category>昭和</category><category>書籍</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 08:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-6517076943542559567</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;先日、天神橋6丁目にある「くらしの今昔館」へ行った際に交差点付近を散策したときに葦原墓地の記事を書きました。が、、実はこの時、「ゴーストップ事件」を思い出しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;昭和8年・・前年に大日本国防婦人会が設立、第一次世界大戦が終わった翌年に「国際連盟脱退」を宣言。軍部が力を持ち出したことを象徴するかのような事件です。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCj6jIfta5goXGJHNj2eE01Tdguv1CRYyqDPpircZ7CttIYAyXVvDFheoqS6X-akK0Jsb73E8JPTIPxrHKl_qENxDA_bsMVOdOC9zAuoged1e0Ctr9gaPrUj4eshQe88XRDGsziXEr74TEWlGlY_Z_YEOWeD56i46_t0AteKYqejMcF5wquR3oKsiV1CMB" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="605" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCj6jIfta5goXGJHNj2eE01Tdguv1CRYyqDPpircZ7CttIYAyXVvDFheoqS6X-akK0Jsb73E8JPTIPxrHKl_qENxDA_bsMVOdOC9zAuoged1e0Ctr9gaPrUj4eshQe88XRDGsziXEr74TEWlGlY_Z_YEOWeD56i46_t0AteKYqejMcF5wquR3oKsiV1CMB" width="291" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;発端は1933年（昭和8年）6月17日の午前11時半頃のこと、大阪市北区の天神橋筋6丁目の交差点で、陸軍の中村一等兵が赤信号を無視して渡ろうとしましたのを見た曽根崎警察署の戸田巡査が注意、しかし中村一等兵は「軍人は警察官の命令には従わない」と言い返しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;そこから殴り合いの喧嘩になり、駆け付けた憲兵隊は「軍人に敬意を払え」と警察に厳しく抗議しましたが、警察側もこれに反論しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;これが事件の始まりです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;事態はどんどんエスカレートし、新聞でも大きく報道されて世間の注目を集めました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;その後、軍と警察の対立は激化。6月22日、陸軍側のトップの一人である井関参謀長が「これは単なる個人の喧嘩ではなく、天皇の軍隊の威信に関わる重大な問題だ」と声明を出しました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;しかし、大阪府警の粟屋部長は「謝罪する必要はない」と突っぱねます。軍の幹部と大阪府知事の話し合いも決裂。さらに井関参謀長は、「軍人は天皇に身を捧げており、軍服を着ている間は軍のルールの下にある。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;一般市民の前で顔をつぶされるのは、昔の武士なら相手を斬り捨てて切腹するほどのことだ」と過激な発言をします。対する警察側も、「軍隊として行動していない個人の軍人は、一般市民と同じ扱いである」と一歩も引き下がりませんでした。7月に入ると、荒木陸軍大臣が現地を訪れて軍を激励したり、軍が巡査を告訴したりと騒ぎはさらに大きくなります。8月に検察が現場検証を行った際には、野次馬が700人近くも集まって大混乱になりました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;検察は和解を勧めましたが、両者とも拒否。ついに、兵士と巡査の喧嘩は、「憲兵」対「大阪府警」、「陸軍の師団」対「大阪府」、「陸軍省」対「内務省」の対立にまで発展。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;最終的には、事態を心配された昭和天皇の特命が下りました。軍や警察の幹部たちと親交のあった白根兵庫県知事が間に入って話し合いをまとめ、事件発生から5ヶ月後の11月19日、急展開で解決を迎えました。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;どのような条件で解決したのかは、現在でも公表されていませんが、この事件後は「現役の軍人に対する取り締まりは軍が行う」という取り決めが交わされました。つまり、軍人は公務外であっても警察より上の立場になってしまったのです。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://link.amazon/B03sfW5gM" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="984" data-original-width="698" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGFiF7dlo6AFrJ8XcflEQEgBDib-KQZX9GxB12L1tIEDr5a9SUlrkczgTPnwYJvZ1aBNoImWZgmR-FWHjMTyMtdDQblbWixNRZ8R2XY0NZI7zbHNZl5zjtl1vBoNM_PVqJMXfNr0NI7U1ebPXwoCpBNbS9OI-_pWwY2hBQ0W9Z2EypO9gETxEkEyzPSW0x/w454-h640/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%202026-08-21%20092808.png" width="454" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;当方の所蔵の大阪近代史話　(1985年10月10日　初版第１刷発行)を参考にリライトしました。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" height="72" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCj6jIfta5goXGJHNj2eE01Tdguv1CRYyqDPpircZ7CttIYAyXVvDFheoqS6X-akK0Jsb73E8JPTIPxrHKl_qENxDA_bsMVOdOC9zAuoged1e0Ctr9gaPrUj4eshQe88XRDGsziXEr74TEWlGlY_Z_YEOWeD56i46_t0AteKYqejMcF5wquR3oKsiV1CMB=s72-c" width="72"/><georss:featurename xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">日本、〒530-0041 大阪府大阪市北区天神橋６丁目</georss:featurename><georss:point xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">34.7099559 135.511937</georss:point><georss:box xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">6.3997220638211516 100.35568699999999 63.020189736178843 170.668187</georss:box></item><item><title>読書の秋を先取り！一坂太郎氏の名著で巡る幕末〜昭和の史跡探訪ガイド6選</title><link>http://sweet-mikan.blogspot.com/2026/08/blog-post_18.html</link><category>一坂太郎</category><category>書籍</category><category>歴史</category><category>近代史</category><author>noreply@blogger.com (Sweet Mikan)</author><pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 18:00:00 +0900</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8805163740727740148.post-5028546314044619442</guid><description>&lt;div class="article-container" style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 800px; padding: 20px;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B072N3G9XG?tag=chisa09-22" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="936" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1lw-2cwKdbxumkVt3jZArt9iDm5RJh209xIz69OXaMo4WFy60S2TH-1jLpHyryk988H4c9hPnlKKpfNcYg__GF49GTCmnyYMNfjzFLUIH7qEmfehn4FF0jCol5oGtRipbOgAZ1GaEButvJ_hOmrfOza2BCuOBVcszyHpPjL-yQTJbOsddMw5JjtiRnh9U/w200-h320/91qlsz92LGL._SL1500_.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--挨拶・導入部分--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;こんにちは、Mikanです。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;8月も後半に入りましたが、まだまだ息苦しいほどの残暑が続いておりますね。冷たいお茶や炭酸水が手放せない毎日ですが、皆様いかがお過ごしでしょうか。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;私は相変わらず、ネット通販のスペシャリストとして皆様にワクワクするような商品をお届けすべく、日々画面と睨めっこしながら鍛錬を重ねております。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;さて、本日はMD担当の視点から、私の人生を豊かにしてくれた【お得な情報】として、特別な書籍コーナーをご案内させてください。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;実は、私がここまで深く歴史に魅了されるようになったのは、他でもない歴史研究家・一坂太郎先生と、先生が執筆された数々の書籍との出会いがあったからなのです。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;長年この大阪の街に暮らしていながら、「自分は地元の歴史や地理について、驚くほど何も分かっていないのではないか」とふと気づいた日のことは今でも忘れられません。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;「これではいけない！」と一念発起した私は、一坂先生の講義に幾度となく足を運びました。そこで幕末の熱を帯びた歴史の裏側をたっぷりと教えていただき、すっかりその魅力に取り憑かれてしまったのです。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;それ以来、休日は先生の著書を片手に、大阪の街をはじめ様々な史跡へ出かけるのが私の大きな楽しみになりました。まだまだ未熟者ではありますが、実際に自分の足で歩き、本に書かれた史実と目の前の風景を照らし合わせることで、幕末以降の近代史が以前よりもずっと身近に、そして詳しくなれたと実感しています。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;今回は、そんな私の「歴史の扉」を開いてくれた一坂太郎先生の素晴らしい書籍の数々を、皆様にもぜひ体験していただきたく、特設コーナーをご用意いたしました。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;これから少しずつ涼しくなり、読書や街歩きに最適な季節がやってきます。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;いつもの見慣れた風景が、まるでタイムスリップしたかのように違って見えてくる。そんな知的好奇心を満たす最高のラインナップを揃えております。ぜひ、じっくりとご覧になってみてください！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

    &lt;h2 style="border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(177, 34, 28); color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em; margin-top: 40px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;歴史の息吹を感じる！一坂太郎氏のおすすめ歴史書6選&lt;/h2&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--商品1--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4121017544?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" target="_blank"&gt;
                &lt;img alt="幕末歴史散歩 (東京篇)" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81qekiN2u7L._SL1500_.jpg" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 8px; height: auto; max-height: 250px; max-width: 100%;" title="幕末歴史散歩 (東京篇)" /&gt;
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            &lt;h3 style="color: #b1221c; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4121017544?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="color: #b1221c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;幕末歴史散歩 (東京篇)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
            &lt;p style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #777777; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;著者：一坂 太郎&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95em;"&gt;江戸から東京へと移り変わる激動の時代。大都会のビル群の隙間にひっそりと残る、幕末の志士たちの足跡を辿る一冊です。見慣れた東京の景色が違って見えてくる、歴史散歩の決定版。&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: right;"&gt;
                &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4121017544?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="background-color: #f3a847; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 135, 52); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px inset; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 24px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--商品2--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px; color: #333333; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden;"&gt;
        &lt;div style="align-items: center; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); display: flex; flex: 1 1 200px; justify-content: center; padding: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B08WBYF7D1?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" target="_blank"&gt;
                &lt;img alt="暗殺の幕末維新史" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81rZY2G+BxL._SL1500_.jpg" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 8px; height: auto; max-height: 250px; max-width: 100%;" title="暗殺の幕末維新史" /&gt;
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style="flex: 2 1 300px; padding: 20px 25px;"&gt;
            &lt;h3 style="color: #b1221c; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B08WBYF7D1?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="color: #b1221c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;暗殺の幕末維新史　桜田門外の&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;変から大久保利通暗殺まで (中公新書)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
            &lt;p style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #777777; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;著者：一坂 太郎&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95em;"&gt;歴史の転換点には常に「暗殺」があった。桜田門外の変から大久保利通暗殺まで、幕末維新期に起きたテロリズムの背景と実像に迫る、スリリングかつ奥深い歴史ドキュメントです。&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: right;"&gt;
                &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B08WBYF7D1?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="background-color: #f3a847; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 135, 52); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px inset; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 24px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--商品3--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px; color: #333333; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden;"&gt;
        &lt;div style="align-items: center; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); display: flex; flex: 1 1 200px; justify-content: center; padding: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00LMB2WZ2?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" target="_blank"&gt;
                &lt;img alt="幕末歴史散歩 京阪神篇" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61+xN00CcGL._SL1500_.jpg" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 8px; height: auto; max-height: 250px; max-width: 100%;" title="幕末歴史散歩 京阪神篇" /&gt;
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style="flex: 2 1 300px; padding: 20px 25px;"&gt;
            &lt;h3 style="color: #b1221c; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00LMB2WZ2?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="color: #b1221c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;幕末歴史散歩 京阪神篇 (中公新書)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
            &lt;p style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #777777; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;著者：一坂 太郎&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95em;"&gt;京都・大阪・神戸。歴史の表舞台となった関西エリアの史跡を網羅。新選組の足跡や開港期の異国情緒など、京阪神ならではの幕末の空気を肌で感じることができる必携のガイドブックです。&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: right;"&gt;
                &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00LMB2WZ2?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="background-color: #f3a847; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 135, 52); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px inset; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 24px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--商品4--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px; color: #333333; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden;"&gt;
        &lt;div style="align-items: center; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); display: flex; flex: 1 1 200px; justify-content: center; padding: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4865900764?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" target="_blank"&gt;
                &lt;img alt="吉田松陰190歳" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81N9kh3QVmL._SL1500_.jpg" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 8px; height: auto; max-height: 250px; max-width: 100%;" title="吉田松陰190歳" /&gt;
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style="flex: 2 1 300px; padding: 20px 25px;"&gt;
            &lt;h3 style="color: #b1221c; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4865900764?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="color: #b1221c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;吉田松陰190歳&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
            &lt;p style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #777777; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;著者：一坂 太郎&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95em;"&gt;松下村塾で数多くの志士を育てた吉田松陰。彼の思想や生き様は、現代を生きる私たちに何を問いかけるのか。生誕190年を機に、現代を嘆き悲しんでおられる事でしょう。その人物像を新たな視点で浮き彫りにする意欲作です。&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: right;"&gt;
                &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4865900764?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="background-color: #f3a847; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 135, 52); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px inset; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 24px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--商品5--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px; color: #333333; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden;"&gt;
        &lt;div style="align-items: center; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); display: flex; flex: 1 1 200px; justify-content: center; padding: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B01CHXVXRG?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" target="_blank"&gt;
                &lt;img alt="幕末維新の城" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/71vS1jQSjLL._SL1500_.jpg" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 8px; height: auto; max-height: 250px; max-width: 100%;" title="幕末維新の城" /&gt;
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style="flex: 2 1 300px; padding: 20px 25px;"&gt;
            &lt;h3 style="color: #b1221c; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B01CHXVXRG?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="color: #b1221c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;幕末維新の城　権威の象徴か、実戦の要塞か (中公新書)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
            &lt;p style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #777777; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;著者：一坂 太郎&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95em;"&gt;城郭ファン必読！西洋軍学が流入した幕末において、日本の「城」はどのように機能し、戦いの舞台となったのか。権威の象徴から実戦兵器へと変貌する城の姿を読み解きます。&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: right;"&gt;
                &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B01CHXVXRG?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="background-color: #f3a847; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 135, 52); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px inset; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 24px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--商品6--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(225, 225, 225); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) 0px 4px 6px; color: #333333; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 30px; overflow: hidden;"&gt;
        &lt;div style="align-items: center; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); display: flex; flex: 1 1 200px; justify-content: center; padding: 20px; text-align: center;"&gt;
            &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B072N3G9XG?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" target="_blank"&gt;
                &lt;img alt="昭和史跡散歩［東京篇］" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/91qlsz92LGL._SL1500_.jpg" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 8px; height: auto; max-height: 250px; max-width: 100%;" title="昭和史跡散歩［東京篇］" /&gt;
            &lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style="flex: 2 1 300px; padding: 20px 25px;"&gt;
            &lt;h3 style="color: #b1221c; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B072N3G9XG?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="color: #b1221c; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;昭和史跡散歩［東京篇］ (イースト新書)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
            &lt;p style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #777777; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding-bottom: 10px;"&gt;著者：一坂 太郎&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p style="font-size: 0.95em;"&gt;幕末だけでなく、激動の「昭和」の痕跡も東京には数多く残されています。戦争の傷跡や復興の足跡など、近現代史のリアルな現場を歩いて感じるためのガイドブックです。&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: right;"&gt;
                &lt;a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B072N3G9XG?tag=chisa09-22" rel="noopener" style="background-color: #f3a847; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 135, 52); box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px inset; color: #111111; display: inline-block; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 24px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Amazonで詳細を見る&lt;/a&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

    &lt;span face="Helvetica Neue, Arial, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Sans, Meiryo, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;!--まとめ--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;div style="background-color: oldlace; border-radius: 8px; color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;, Meiryo, sans-serif; margin-top: 40px; padding: 20px;"&gt;
        &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"&gt;いかがでしたでしょうか？&lt;br /&gt;
        書籍を通じて歴史の知識を深め、その足で実際に現場に立ってみることで、普段の街並みがまったく違った風景に見えてくるはずです。皆様の知的好奇心を満たす一冊が見つかれば幸いです。&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
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