Simulate, Analyse, Plot ...

VMD High Resolution Image and Movie

2016-03-14T01:28:00.001+05:30

A nice wiki can be found here. The followings are my take home notes from various blogs and wikies.

High resolution image

Here are some steps which I usually follow to make high quality image from VMD.

Set the visualization screen (vmdscene) according to requirement
Render the vmdscene using tachyon mode.

File -> Render -> Tachyon

Change the default Render command to have something like

"/tachyon_path/tachyon_exe" -aasamples 12 %s -format TGA -res 1024 1024 -o %s.tga

(The resolution can be tuned by changing the value for -res option (which is 1024 1024 in this case).

Enable Ambient occlusion lighting in the Display -> Display Settings window by selecting "on" in "Amb. Occl" and "Shadows" choosers.
If AO effect is being used, the choice of material also affect the final visual effects. Use "Diffuse", "AOshiny", "AOChalky", or "AOEdgy" materials.

If the image size (dimension) needs to be changed, this can be achieved by resizing the vmd display size. This can be done as

From VMD Main:

Extension -> Tk Console
Type display resize x y

Set the x y values as per requirement.

Tachyon can also be used in parallel by using the -numthreads flag. To know available options use Tachyon -h commands.

High resolution video

Additional software: ffmpeg

First create the .dat file for each frame by choosing the following

Extension -> Visualization -> Movie Maker

Change the Movie Maker settings as

Renderer -> Tachyon
Name of the movie frame
Movie Settings -> Trajectory with ‘4. Delete image files’ uncheked
Format -> Targa Frames

Run this to generate the .dat files
Now process the *.dat files with the following option as slurm jobs

tachyon=/software/vmd-1.9.2-x86_64/lib64/tachyon_LINUXAMD64

${tachyon} -numthreads 16 -aasamples 12 frame.${a}.dat -format TGA -res 512 512 -o frame.${a}.tga;
(Change all the numbers accordingly)
If a huge number of frames are required, then the job can be split as multiple slurm jobs which will speed up the whole process

Finally process all the image files with ffmpeg

ffmpeg -threads 16 -r 30 -i frmae.%05d.tga -s 512x512 -vcodec libx264 -b 5000k movie.mpg
(by assuming all the frames has dimension 512x512. If the frame dimension has changed by display resize command, then that value needs to be used here)
One can also play with the ffmpeg options

N. B. - Please make sure to have enough hard disk space before running these jobs.

One more method for movie (less time consuming)

Renderer -> POV-Ray
Movie Settings -> Trajectory with ‘4. Delete image files’ uncheked
Format TARGA Frame (ImageMagic)
ffmpeg -threads 4 -r 30 -i final.frame.%05d.tga -s 512x512 -vcodec libx264 -b 5000k movie.mpg

Example of tachyon rendered image using the mentioned options

Handling multi column data in xmgrace

2016-03-08T00:43:00.004+05:30

Let say the data file contains 5 columns and we would like to plot the following

1. Column 1 vs column 3, the correct syntax is
xmgrace -block file -bxy 1:3

2. Column 1 vs. all other columns
xmgrace -nxy file

Coloured terminal output from Fortran

2015-11-05T03:01:00.000+05:30

I was just curious to print some of the error messages from fortran code in different color. So I ended up with this suggestion after doing little bit google search -

print *, 'Test color print -> '//achar(27)//'[31m Red'//achar(27)//'[0m.'

Color codes are:

[90m=dark grey           [30m=black
[91m=peach               [31m=red
[92m=light green         [32m=green
[93m=light yellow        [33m=yellow
[94m=light blue          [34m=blue
[95m=pink                [35m=purple
[96m=light aqua          [36m=aqua
[97m=pearl white

Zero padded integer in BASH

2015-06-25T22:26:00.002+05:30

Let say we are trying to print

We can do that, using the following command


i=1


a=`printf "%0*d\n" 2 $i`

If we echo the ${a} variable, we will see the desired formatted integer i.e.

MDP files in GROMACS

2015-06-18T23:39:00.000+05:30

Molecular dynamics parameters file

For energy minimization: em.mdp
For NVT simulations: nvt.mdp
For NPT simulations: npt.mdp

Create Binary Mixture in GROMACS

2015-06-18T23:38:00.000+05:30

BINARY MIXTURE

Let say someone is interested to study some protein molecules in Water-Ethanol binary mixture. Now the question is how to create binary solvent like this?

In Gromacs genbox is very powerful in this context. If ratio does not matter, then one can use the following command

genbox_d -cp ethanol.gro -cs spc216.gro -p topol.top -o water_ethanol.gro -box a b c

The above commands will fill the simulation box with ethanol and water molecules with random numbers of water molecules and number of ethanol molecules presents in the ethanol.gro file. However, if one is intend to create some exact number percentage of ethanol-water mixture, the following method will be very useful

Water-Ethanol binary mixture of defined %

Create a .pdb file of single ethanol molecule. (It is very easy, just google it out or create .pdb from software like pymol, prodrg etc., if .gro file is there, no need to create the .pdb file).
Convert that .pdb file to .gro file by executing any one of the following commands

editconf -f ethanol.pdb -o ethanol.gro

you can in principle also use pdb2gmx command, however it will ask for a forcefield and solvent type, by choosing appropriate forcecfield and solvent as none you will end up with the required .gro file.
You can similarly generate a single water .gro file or just copy and paste from existing spc216.gro file. The single water .gro file will be similar to this single water gro

3
1SOL OW 1 .230 .628 .113
1SOL HW1 2 .137 .626 .150
1SOL HW2 3 .231 .589 .021

Now, you are ready to go. Let say you want to prepare 10% Water-Ethanol mixture and the numbers are 90Water + 10Ethanol molecules. You can use the following method

Create 10Ethanol.gro file:

genbox -ci ethanol.gro -nmol 10 -o ethanol10.gro -box a b c

Add 90 water molecules to it.

genbox -cp ethanol10.gro -ci water.gro -nmol 90 -o ethanol10_water90.gro

Now your binary solvent is ready for use. Enjoy the simulation!

N.B.: There exist some other alternate way also e.g. instead of specifying 90 water molecules and using -ci option for genbox, one can indeed use -cs spc216.gro option also. In this case one needs to delete the extra water molecules in the resultant .gro file manually :).

Add missing GPG keys

2015-06-18T23:34:00.001+05:30

GPG errors:

W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net jaunty Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6D975C4791E7EE5E
W: A error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used.GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net jaunty Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 5A9BF3BB4E5E17B5
W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net jaunty Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 7FB8BEE0A1F196A8

The fix for this is to re-download the keys using the hexidecimal numbers given in the error. Open a terminal and run the following command

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys hexadeciaml-number-shows=in-error

The output should look like this:
"gpg: requesting key hexadecimal-output from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com"

Get the nth positional argument in bash?

2015-06-18T03:48:00.003+05:30

Positional argument can be obtained in bash by creating the following file

#!/bin/bash

n=2 echo ${!n}

Running that file in the following way:

./file.sh sun mon tue wed

will print mon

The next one also gives the same result

eval echo \${$n}

Recurssive incement of variable in bash

2015-04-22T03:11:00.004+05:30

var=$((var+1))

((var=var+1))

((var+=1))

((var++))

let "var=var+1"

let "var+=1"

let "var++"

Log out open remote SSH session

2015-01-03T00:52:00.003+05:30

Kill forgotten ssh login

pkill -9 -t pts/0

Usefull tips for FORTRAN

2014-09-24T02:45:00.002+05:30

Few tips for FORTRAN:

Get arguments from command line

character (len = 20) :: arg1
call getarg (1, arg1)
if (len_trim(arg1) == 0) then
print*,'No Arg1 provided' stop
endif
read (arg1, *) nsteps

In this example FORTRAN takes the first arguments and read as number of steps. Always use the warning if loop for multiple argument, sometimes one might miss to give inputs of one argument and it becomes difficult to debug the code.

Use bash shell command in FORTRAN

character (len = 1024) :: command
command = 'cp file1 folder1/'
call system ( trim(command))
In this example file1 is copied to folder1/

Print integer padded by zeros
Let say we would like to print 4 digit integer as

0001
0002
....
9999

only thing we have use a formatting string I4.4 and we are done.

Get number of lines in a data file

open(unit,file='filename')
nline = 0
do
read (unit, *, end = 10)
nlines = nlines + 1
end do
10 close(unit)

VMD TIPS

2014-08-29T23:53:00.002+05:30

LOAD MULTIPLE TRAJECTORIES IN VMD

set filelist [glob *.pdb]
foreach file $filelist {mol new $file waitfor all}

Mac - OS and VIM Tips

2014-07-17T03:38:00.000+05:30

Mac - OS and VIM Tips

To get the desired feature edit ~/.vimrc file

Enable text color

filetype plugin indent on

syntax on

Jump to beginning/end of a line using Shift Home/End

:map <ESC>[H <Home>

:map <ESC>[F <End>

:imap <ESC>[H <C-O><Home>

:imap <ESC>[F <C-O><End>

:cmap <ESC>[H <Home>

:cmap <ESC>[F <End>

Jump from one word to another using the option + forward arrow and backword arrow combinations

:map <ESC>f el

:imap <ESC>b <C-o>b

:imap <ESC>f <C-o>el

:cmap <ESC>f el

Fortran code for sorting a data array

2014-05-30T02:36:00.000+05:30

This program can be used to sort a set of data array either in ascending or descending order.

program sort_data
implicit none
integer, parameter :: array_length = 100
integer :: i, count
double precision, dimension(1:array_length) :: data
double precision :: temp
logical :: not_sorted

open(unit=1, file='data.input', action='read', status='old')

read(1,*) (data(i), i=1, array_length)
not_sorted = .TRUE.
do while (not_sorted)
count = 0
do i = 1, state - 1
temp = data(i)
! if one needs to get ascending order need to change here .LT. to .GT.
if (data(i) .LT. data(i + 1)) then
data(i) = data(i+1)
data(i+1) = temp
count = count
else
count = count + 1
end if
end do
if (count == (state - 1)) not_sorted = .FALSE.
end do
end program sort_data

Bash Shell Scripting for file handling

2014-05-24T02:25:00.001+05:30

Add two single column file side by side

Of same length

awk 'NR==FNR{_[NR]=$0;next}{print $1,$2,_[FNR]}' file2 file1

Of different length

awk 'NR==FNR { a[c=FNR]=$0; next }{ printf "%-8s\t%s\n", a[FNR], $0 }
END { for(i=FNR+1;i<=c;i++) print a[i] }' file2 file1

Cut n-th column of a file to separate file

awk < infile '{print $n}' > outfile

VIM-Search-TIPS

2014-05-24T01:26:00.002+05:30

Search and replace globally

:%s/search-string/replace-string/g

Search and replace within a range of particular row and column

:1,4 /\%1cYYY/ZZZ/g

Search using case sensitive string

/abCdEf\C "Case sensitive
/abCdEf\c "Case insensitive

Search and replace interactively

:%s/search-string/replace-string/gc

Printf and awk

2013-10-22T23:19:00.002+05:30

AWK

cat input | awk '{printf "%9.6f %9.6f %9.6f\n", $1, $2, $3}' > output

Handle large statically allocated data in fortran (> 2GB)

2013-06-14T01:22:00.003+05:30

Typical error occurs in this case

fortranfile.f:someline numbe: relocation truncated to fit: R_X86_64_PC32 against `.bss'
fortranfile.f:someline numbe: additional relocation overflows omitted from the output

Solution:
Compile the fortran file with the following option

-mcmodel medium -shared-intel

Source Link: Intel Forum

Grace Type Settings

2013-04-29T09:57:00.000+05:30

Control code	Description
\f{x}	switch to font named "x"
\f{n}	switch to font number n
\f{}	return to original font
\R{x}	switch to color named "x"
\R{n}	switch to color number n
\R{}	return to original color
\#{x}	treat "x" (must be of even length) as list of hexadecimal char codes
\t{xx xy yx yy}	apply transformation matrix
\t{}	reset transformation matrix
\z{x}	zoom x times
\z{}	return to original zoom
\r{x}	rotate by x degrees
\l{x}	slant by factor x
\v{x}	shift vertically by x
\v{}	return to unshifted baseline
\V{x}	shift baseline by x
\V{}	reset baseline
\h{x}	horizontal shift by x
\n	new line
\u	begin underline
\U	stop underline
\o	begin overline
\O	stop overline
\Fk	enable kerning
\FK	disable kerning
\Fl	enable ligatures
\FL	disable ligatures
\m{n}	mark current position as n
\M{n}	return to saved position n
\dl	LtoR substring direction
\dr	RtoL substring direction
\dL	LtoR text advancing
\dR	RtoL text advancing
\x	switch to Symbol font (same as \f{Symbol})
\+	increase size (same as \z{1.19} ; 1.19 = sqrt(sqrt(2)))
\-	decrease size (same as \z{0.84} ; 0.84 = 1/sqrt(sqrt(2)))
\s	begin subscripting (same as \v{-0.4}\z{0.71})
\S	begin superscripting (same as \v{0.6}\z{0.71})
\T{xx xy yx yy}	same as \t{}\t{xx xy yx yy}
\Z{x}	absolute zoom x times (same as \z{}\z{x})
\q	make font oblique (same as \l{0.25})
\Q	undo oblique (same as \l{-0.25})
\N	return to normal style (same as \v{}\t{})
\\	print \
\n	switch to font number n (0-9) (deprecated)
\c	begin using upper 128 characters of set (deprecated)
\C	stop using upper 128 characters of set (deprecated)

Disclaimer: I got this on the internet. I do not remember the exact site. All credit goes to the original uploader.

Draw dipole vector of a tagged molecule in VMD

2013-04-20T03:55:00.000+05:30

It is often needed to visualize the dipole orientation of a tagged molecule. The following steps will guide to achieve this

Select the molecule by its resid
Open Tk console from drop down menu of Extensions → Tk Console
Select every atom of the molecule by separate nicknames, by using the following command. Let say we would like to see the dipole moment vector of water molecules, in that case, the following codes need to be used

set ow [atomselect top "type OW"]

set hw1 [atomselect top "type HW1"]
set hw2 [atomselect top "type HW2"]

Then set charge of every atom by using the following commands

$ow set charge -1.00
$hw1 set charge -0.5
$hw2 set charge -0.5

Finally open the Etensions → Visualizations → Dipole Moment Watcher The following window will pop up

Then select the molecules by its resid and change the color of the dipoles according to your need. One can select maximum of six dipoles to show at a time.

The final snap will look like this

Dipole moment representation of SPC/E water model

Copy single file in multiple folder using bash shell

2013-04-20T02:33:00.000+05:30

Recursive copy

echo folder1 folder2 folder3 | xargs -n 1 cp -f file

or

echo folder*/ | xargs -n 1 cp -f file

Mounting a remote directory to local PC using ssh

2013-04-04T17:58:00.000+05:30

If one needs to mount any directory of HPC (or any other remote PCs) to his/her local desktop then the following steps to be followed

Check for passwordless ssh login (if not generate by following this)
In local PC: install sshfs
ln local PC: sshfs remote-login-details:/directory-to-be-mounted /mount-point-in-local-PC

To unmount, use:

fusermount -u /mount-point-in-local-PC

SSH login without password

2013-04-04T17:39:00.000+05:30

Password less login over SSH

First log in on A as user a and generate a pair of authentication keys. Do not enter a passphrase:

a@A:~> ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/a/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/a/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/a/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/a/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
3e:4f:05:79:3a:9f:96:7c:3b:ad:e9:58:37:bc:37:e4 a@A

Now use ssh to create a directory ~/.ssh as user b on B. (The directory may already exist, which is fine):

a@A:~> ssh b@B mkdir -p .ssh
b@B's password:

Finally append a's new public key to b@B:.ssh/authorized_keys and enter b's password one last time:

a@A:~> cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
b@B's password:

From now on you can log into B as b from A as a without password:

a@A:~> ssh b@B hostname
B

N.B.: Depending on your version of SSH you might also have to do the following changes:

* Put the public key in .ssh/authorized_keys2
* Change the permissions of .ssh to 700
* Change the permissions of .ssh/authorized_keys2 to 640

Thanks to the source, link is
http://linuxproblem.org/art_9.html

Grace Few Tips

2013-04-04T17:18:00.001+05:30

XMGRACE and More

Xmgrace is very nice software to create 2D plot. However, few things are not that "User friendly", one needs careful search for that. Although Grace User Guide and Grace forum are available to help user, I would like to list few tips which I need to use more frequently.

Subscript & Superscript
Subscript
Let say we would like to write A_b then the xmgrace syntax for that is

A\sb\N

Superscript
Let say we would like to write A^b then the xmgrace syntax for that is

A\Sb\N

Symbol
The new method to insert special characters in xmgrace is:
Press ctrl-e while positioned in a text-edit field, the font dialog box will pop up
Select the desired font from the drop-down list.Use symbol to insert special symbols
Click on the desired character
Done!

The other standard way of inserting special character is that writing the syntax (from the ASCII table) in between \c and \C e.g.

Angstrom (Å)
\cE\C

Copyright (©)
\c)\C

Link to ASCII character table is here.
Changing The Default Settings
Find out the Default.agr file in your system (most likely it can be found in ~/.grace/templates/ or /usr/share/grace/templates/ folder. Make the changes and save it. The following things can be managed by editing this file
Linewidth
Default Font Size
Axis Font Size
Axis Width
Tick Label
Legends properties
Default Color Definition (For this search for @map color 7 to (220, 220, 220), "grey" kind of line)
Change the default settings to print to .png files with 300dpi:

create the file ~/.grace/gracerc.user and enter the following text:

HARDCOPY DEVICE "PNG"
DEVICE "PNG" DPI 300

ASCII-TABLE

2013-04-04T17:07:00.000+05:30

Common ascii table

33	!	¡
34	"	¢
35	#	£
36	$	¤
37	%	¥
38	&	¦
39	'	§
40	(	¨
41	)	©
42	*	ª
43	+	«
44	,	¬
45	-
46	.	®
47	/	¯
48	0	°
49	1	±
50	2	²
51	3	³
52	4	´
53	5	µ
54	6	¶
55	7	·
56	8	¸
57	9	¹
58	:	º
59	;	»
60	<	¼
61	=	½
62	>	¾
63	?	¿
64	@	À
65	A	Á
66	B	Â
67	C	Ã
68	D	Ä
69	E	Å
70	F	Æ
71	G	Ç
72	H	È
73	I	É
74	J	Ê
75	K	Ë
76	L	Ì
77	M	Í
78	N	Î
79	O	Ï
80	P	Ð
81	Q	Ñ
82	R	Ò
83	S	Ó
84	T	Ô
85	U	Õ
86	V	Ö
87	W	×
88	X	Ø
89	Y	Ù
90	Z	Ú
91	[	Û
92	\	Ü
93	]	Ý
94	^	Þ
95	_	ß
96	`	à
97	a	á
98	b	â
99	c	ã
100	d	ä
101	e	å
102	f	æ
103	g	ç
104	h	è
105	i	é
106	j	ê
107	k	ë
108	l	ì
109	m	í
110	n	î
111	o	ï
112	p	ð
113	q	ñ
114	r	ò
115	s	ó
116	t	ô
117	u	õ
118	v	ö
119	w	÷
120	x	ø
121	y	ù
122	z	ú
123	{	û
124	\|	ü
125	}	ý
126	~	þ

33	!	¡
34	"	¢
35	#	£
36	$	¤
37	%	¥
38	&	¦
39	'	§
40	(	¨
41	)	©
42	*	ª
43	+	«
44	,	¬
45	-
46	.	®
47	/	¯
48	0	°
49	1	±
50	2	²
51	3	³
52	4	´
53	5	µ
54	6	¶
55	7	·
56	8	¸
57	9	¹
58	:	º
59	;	»
60	<	¼
61	=	½
62	>	¾
63	?	¿
64	@	À
65	A	Á
66	B	Â
67	C	Ã
68	D	Ä
69	E	Å
70	F	Æ
71	G	Ç
72	H	È
73	I	É
74	J	Ê
75	K	Ë
76	L	Ì
77	M	Í
78	N	Î
79	O	Ï
80	P	Ð
81	Q	Ñ
82	R	Ò
83	S	Ó
84	T	Ô
85	U	Õ
86	V	Ö
87	W	×
88	X	Ø
89	Y	Ù
90	Z	Ú
91	[	Û
92	\	Ü
93	]	Ý
94	^	Þ
95	_	ß
96	`	à
97	a	á
98	b	â
99	c	ã
100	d	ä
101	e	å
102	f	æ
103	g	ç
104	h	è
105	i	é
106	j	ê
107	k	ë
108	l	ì
109	m	í
110	n	î
111	o	ï
112	p	ð
113	q	ñ
114	r	ò
115	s	ó
116	t	ô
117	u	õ
118	v	ö
119	w	÷
120	x	ø
121	y	ù
122	z	ú
123	{	û
124	\|	ü
125	}	ý
126	~	þ

33	!	¡
34	"	¢
35	#	£
36	$	¤
37	%	¥
38	&	¦
39	'	§
40	(	¨
41	)	©
42	*	ª
43	+	«
44	,	¬
45	-
46	.	®
47	/	¯
48	0	°
49	1	±
50	2	²
51	3	³
52	4	´
53	5	µ
54	6	¶
55	7	·
56	8	¸
57	9	¹
58	:	º
59	;	»
60	<	¼
61	=	½
62	>	¾
63	?	¿
64	@	À
65	A	Á
66	B	Â
67	C	Ã
68	D	Ä
69	E	Å
70	F	Æ
71	G	Ç
72	H	È
73	I	É
74	J	Ê
75	K	Ë
76	L	Ì
77	M	Í
78	N	Î
79	O	Ï
80	P	Ð
81	Q	Ñ
82	R	Ò
83	S	Ó
84	T	Ô
85	U	Õ
86	V	Ö
87	W	×
88	X	Ø
89	Y	Ù
90	Z	Ú
91	[	Û
92	\	Ü
93	]	Ý
94	^	Þ
95	_	ß
96	`	à
97	a	á
98	b	â
99	c	ã
100	d	ä
101	e	å
102	f	æ
103	g	ç
104	h	è
105	i	é
106	j	ê
107	k	ë
108	l	ì
109	m	í
110	n	î
111	o	ï
112	p	ð
113	q	ñ
114	r	ò
115	s	ó
116	t	ô
117	u	õ
118	v	ö
119	w	÷
120	x	ø
121	y	ù
122	z	ú
123	{	û
124	\|	ü
125	}	ý
126	~	þ

33	!	¡
34	"	¢
35	#	£
36	$	¤
37	%	¥
38	&	¦
39	'	§
40	(	¨
41	)	©
42	*	ª
43	+	«
44	,	¬
45	-
46	.	®
47	/	¯
48	0	°
49	1	±
50	2	²
51	3	³
52	4	´
53	5	µ
54	6	¶
55	7	·
56	8	¸
57	9	¹
58	:	º
59	;	»
60	<	¼
61	=	½
62	>	¾
63	?	¿
64	@	À
65	A	Á
66	B	Â
67	C	Ã
68	D	Ä
69	E	Å
70	F	Æ
71	G	Ç
72	H	È
73	I	É
74	J	Ê
75	K	Ë
76	L	Ì
77	M	Í
78	N	Î
79	O	Ï
80	P	Ð
81	Q	Ñ
82	R	Ò
83	S	Ó
84	T	Ô
85	U	Õ
86	V	Ö
87	W	×
88	X	Ø
89	Y	Ù
90	Z	Ú
91	[	Û
92	\	Ü
93	]	Ý
94	^	Þ
95	_	ß
96	`	à
97	a	á
98	b	â
99	c	ã
100	d	ä
101	e	å
102	f	æ
103	g	ç
104	h	è
105	i	é
106	j	ê
107	k	ë
108	l	ì
109	m	í
110	n	î
111	o	ï
112	p	ð
113	q	ñ
114	r	ò
115	s	ó
116	t	ô
117	u	õ
118	v	ö
119	w	÷
120	x	ø
121	y	ù
122	z	ú
123	{	û
124	\|	ü
125	}	ý
126	~	þ