DAKSH SHABE

TRANING REPORTS ON MARUTI SUZUKI

2012-08-24T00:12:00.001-07:00

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express to my sincere to all officers at “HARISONS MOTOR PANIPAT” who has assisted me during my training period. I should be particularly thanks to “MR. JASVINDR” who helped in joining and completing the training.

I extended mu special thanks to him for their guidance & co-operation throughout my training for completion of this project report. Their guidance has helped me a lot understanding other process of service in workshop.

I also thank to all instructors for their kind that they have paid to me. That project is result of co-operation of all the members and staff of “HARISONS MOTOR PANIPAT”.

PREFACE

I worked with “HARISONS MOTOR PANIPAT” as training from a completion of Diploma in “AUTOMOBILE ENGG.” I complete one month training under supervision. During my training period I have learn many things such as, what happen in different types of services.

In my training period I come to know that the specification of any vehicle can be done by the following things Dimension, Weight, Engine, Capacity, Specification, Servicing and Maintenance etc.

During my training, it has been put my knowledge that which part are covered under warranty. I also to know the important of servicing and maintenance.

I am including all those things, which I have learnt during period in this project report.

CONTENTS

Ø HISTORY OF MARUTI SUZUKI

Ø LOGO OF MARUTI SUZUKI

Ø CAR NAMES & SPECIFICATIONS OF MARUTI SUZUKI

Ø TOOLS, GAUGES & EQUIPMENT USED IN WORKSHOP

Ø DESCRIPTION OF FOUR STROKE IN PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINE

Ø ENGINE

· DIESEL ENGINE AND PETROL ENGINE

Ø MAIN PARTS OF ENGINE

Ø TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

· CLUTCH

· GEAR BOX

· PROPELLER SHAFT

· DIFFERENTIAL

Ø COOLING SYSTEM

· RADIATOR

· THERMOSTAT

· WATER PUMP

· FAN

Ø FUEL SYSTEM IN DIESEL ENGINE

· FUEL TANK

· FUEL FEED PUMP

· FUEL INJECTION PUMP

· INJECTOR

Ø FUEL SYSTEM IN PETROL ENGINE

· FUEL TANK

· FUEL FILTER

· FUEL PUMP

· CARBURETTOR

· SPARK PLUG

Ø MISCHELLANEOUS

· STEERING SYSTEM

· BRAKE SYSTEM

· CHASSIS

Ø PARTS NAME AND ITS FUNCTI

HISTORY OF MARUTI SUZUKI

Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited) is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation, Japan. Maruti Suzuki has been the leader of the Indian car market for over two and a half decades. The company has two manufacturing facilities located at Gurgaon and Manesar, south of New Delhi, India. Both the facilities have a combined capability to produce over a 1.5 million (1,500,000) vehicles annually. The company plans to expand its manufacturing capacity to 1.75 million by 2013.

The Company offers 15 brands and over 150 variants ranging from people's car Maruti 800 to the latest Life Utility Vehicle, Ertiga. The portfolio includes Maruti 800, Alto, Alto K10, A-star, Estilo, WagonR, Ritz, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Eeco, Kizashi, Grand Vitara, Gypsy and Ertiga. In an environment friendly initiative, in August 2010 Maruti Suzuki introduced factory fitted CNG option on 5 models across vehicle segments. These include Eeco, Alto, Estilo, Wagon R and Sx4. With this Maruti Suzuki became the first company in India to introduce factory fitted CNG vehicles.

In terms of number of cars produced and sold, the Company is the largest subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation. Cumulatively, the Company has produced over 10 million vehicles since the roll out of its first vehicle on 14^th December, 1983.

Maruti Suzuki is the only Indian Company to have crossed the 10 million sales mark since its inception. In 2011-12, the company sold over 1.13 million vehicles including 1,27,379 units of exports.

The Company employs over 9000 people (as on 31st March, 2012). Maruti Suzuki's sales and service network is the largest among car manufacturers in India. The Company has been rated first in customer satisfaction in the JD Power survey for 12 consecutive years. Besides serving the Indian market, Maruti Suzuki also exports cars to several countries in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa and Oceania .

Maruti Suzuki's revenue over the years:

(Rs. in Million)

*Year*	*Net Sales*	*Year*	*Net Sales*
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09	1,45,922 1,78,603 2,03,583	2009-10 2010-11 2011-12	3,01,198 3,58,490 3,47,059

The company is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange.

“BEST THE MANNER IN WHICH WE OPERATE ,BEST IN

THE PRODUCTS WE DELIVER & BEST IN OUR”.

CAR NAMES & MODEL CODES

MARUTI SUZUKI

Sr. No.		NAMES CODES
1.		A-STAR AMF
2.		ALTO MRF
3.		BALENO MY
4.		MARUTI 800 MB
5.		DZIRE RN
6.		DZIRE(DIESEL) RN
7.		EECO MGA
8.		ESTEEM MF
9.		ESTEEM DIESEL MF
10.		GRAND VITARA XL-7 JA
11.		GYPSY MG
12.		NEW WAGONR A1J
13.		OMNI MT
14.		RITZ A5E
15.		SWIFT RS
16.		SWIFT DIESEL RS
17.		SX4 RW
18.		SX4 DIESEL RW
19.	VERSA MGA
20.	WAGONR MRD
21.	ZEN MH
22.	ZEN DIESEL MH
23.	ZEN ESTILO RK

GRAND VITARA XL-7

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF

GRAND VITARA XL-7

MECHNICAL

Engine type: 6 Cylinder, V-type, Petrol

Valve per cylinder: 4

Torque to weight ratio: 14.09kgm/tone

Bore: 88.0mm

Stroke: 75.0 mm

Engine displacement: 2736 cc

Compression ratio: 9.5

Transmission: 5 speed automatic

Brakes: 4 wheel brake, ABS

Power steering: standard

SECURITY

Air bags: All air bags are standard

CAPACITIES

Seating capacity: 7 person

Fuel tank capacity: 66 liter

Fuel economy

Mileage Highway: 10.2 km/liter

Mileage city: 7 km/liter

Mileage overall: 7.6 km/liter

BREAKE

Front: disc

Rear: drum

COMFORT & CONEINCEE

Lock: Power lock

Windows & mirrors: Power

Sound system: Standard

FUEL SUPPLY

Ignition and fuel system: Electronic MPFI

DIMENSION, CAPACITY & WEIGHT

Length: 4760 mm

Width: 1780 mm

Height: 1740 mm

Ground clearance: 183 mm

Gross vehicle weight: 2300 kg

No. of doors: 5

Wheel base: 2800 mm

SWIFT

TECHNICAL SEPCIFICATION OF

SWIFT

MECHNICAL

Engine type: 4-cylinder

No. of valves : 16

Engine displacement: 1298 cc

Stroke and bore: 74 and 75.5 mm

Maximum power: 65.3 kw at 6000 rpm

Maximum torque: 113 Nm at 4500 rpm

Configuration: SOHC

Fuel supply and ignition system: MPFI, spark ignition

TRANSMISSION

Transmission type: Manual

Gear box: 5 speed

STEERING

Steering type: Power

Steering gear box type: Electrical associated rack & pinion.

Minimum turning radius: 4.7 metres

BREAKE

Front: Disc

Rear: Drum

FUEL

Millage city: 11.5 km/liter

Millage highway: 16.2 km/liter

Fuel type: Petrol

Fuel tank capacity: 43 liters

Dimension

Length: 3695 mm

Width: 1690 mm

Height: 1530 mm

Wheelbase: 2390 mm

Ground clearance: 170 mm

SPECIFICATION

Seating capacity: 5 person

No. of doors: 5

WEIGHT

Gross weight: 1415 kg

TOOLS,GUGES AND EQUIPEMENT USED IN

WORKSHOP

TOOLS

Micrometers

Screw drivers

Hammers

Thickness gauge

Wrenches

Air pressure gauge

Pliers

EQUIPEMENTS

Bench vice

Hydraulic jacks

Pullers

Hydraulic hoist

Surface table

Pistol oiler

Spanners & socket with handle

Grease gun

Hacksaws

Vehicle washer

Chisels

Air compressor

Files

Working lamp

Punches

Bench grinder

Tap & dies

Tyre inflaters

Piston ring expander

Battery tester

GAUGES

Battery charger

Steel rule

Tyre changer

Dial indicator

Spark plug cleaner

Spring caliper

Injector tester

Vernier caliper

Speedometer

DESCRIPTIONOF FOUR STROKE IN PETROL ENGINE

1. In starting the piston position at top, when the piston moves downward the inlet valve is open, then the air/fuel is intake the cylinder. This is known as SUCTION STROKE.

2. Then the piston moves upwards and compresses the air/fuel mixture. There is a spark plug is provided which produce spark to brunt the fair/fuel mixture. This stroke known as COMPRESSION STROKE.

3. When the spark plug produce spark there is blast in the cylinder and the piston moves down wards strickly and power is produce. By this power, the vehicle is move forward /backward as per desire. This stroke is known as POWER STROKE.

4. Now the piston is moves upwards, there are gasses are produce by the burning of the air/fuel mixture are exit from the outlet valve. This stroke is known as EXHAUST.

DESCRIPTIONOF FOUR STROKE IN DIESEL ENGINE

1. In starting the piston position at top, when the piston moves downward the inlet valve is open, then the air is intake the cylinder. This is known as SUCTION STROKE.

2. Then the piston moves upwards and compresses the air. There is a injector is inject the fuel in spray formation to brunt the air and fuel. This stroke known as COMPRESSION STROKE.

3. When the injector inject the fuel there is blast in the cylinder and the piston moves down wards strickly and power is produce. By this power, the vehicle is move forward /backward as per desire. This stroke is known as POWER STROKE.

4. Now the piston is moves upwards, there are gasses are produce by the burning of the air/fuel mixture are exit from the outlet valve. This stroke is known as EXHAUST.

ENGINE

Engine is convert chemical energy to heat energy and heat energy to mechanical energy is called engine.

4 STROKE PETROL ENGINE

ENGINE

Engine is convert chemical energy to heat energy and heat energy to mechanical energy is called engine.

4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

MAIN PARTS OF ENGINE

CYLINDER BLOCK

Carbon 2.2%

Silicon 1.2%

Manganese 0.63%

Sulphur 0.12%

Phosphorus 0.85%

Top of the cylinder is covered by separate cast iron piece known as cylinder head. It is bolted on the top of the block. It contain nozzles, valves, rocker arms, tappets etc. The bottom of cylinder head and top of the cylinder block is machined very accurately. so that there are very less changes of gas leakage for sound gas tight joint the holding studs must be distributed as possible around the circumference of each cylinder the combustion chamber is made of cast iron.

CRANK CASE

Crankcase is attached to the bottom face of the cylinder. It acts as the base of the engines. It supports the cranks shaft and camshaft in suitable bearings lower part of the cylinder block together is called the crankcase.

CONNECTING ROD

The connecting rod is the connection between piston and crankshaft. Small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston pin and big end is connected to the crank pin. The function main function of connecting rod is to convert the liner motion of the piston to rotary motion of crankshaft.

Aluminum alloy is also used for connecting rod. The connecting rod carries the power thrust from piston to crank pin and hence it must be very rigid and as light as possible.

Crankshaft is the first in power transmission. System the reciprocating motion of piston is converting into rotary motion with the help of connecting rod. Crankshaft consists of crank pins, webs balancing weights and main journals. Big end of connecting rod is connecting to crank pins of crankshaft.

The part of crankshaft inside the main bearing is called the main journals. Balancing weights are provide on the opposite side of crank arms for balancing crankshaft is made of casting of forging of heat created.

FLYWHEEL

A flywheel is a heavy steel wheel attached to the near end of the crankshaft. The size of flywheel is depends upon the number of cylinder and general construction of the engine. The flow of power from the engine cylinder is not smooth although the power impulses in a multi cylinder overlap or follow each other to provide a fair fly even flow of power, however additional leveling off power impulses is required.

It also has teethes on its periphery to mesh with electric cranking motor drive pinion when engine is being cranked to start it.

VALVES

Valve is a device to close and open a passage. In motor vehicle, engines valves used for each cylinder and an exhaust valve. Exhaust valve is usually of austenitic stainless steel, which is highly heat &corrosion resistant. Inlet valve is being subject to less heat usually of nickel chromium alloy.

CAMSHAFT

A camshaft is simply a shaft on which cams are mounted. The camshaft is mounted on lower part of the camshaft into linear motion of the follower or lifter. A camshaft is responding for opening.

A camshaft has a numbers of cams along the length, two cams for elfish cylinder one to operate inlet valve and other to exhaust valve. In addition, camshaft has an eccentric to operate the fuel pump and gear to drive the ignition distributers and oil pump.

The camshaft is drive by crankshaft by machine gears. The crankshaft gear have twice the as many as on crankshaft gear.

OIL PAN OR SUMP

The bottom half of the crankshaft is called oil pan or sump. It is bolted or screwed to lower flange of the main casting and usually made of pressed steel or aluminum. It serves as a reservoir for the storage, cooling and ventilation of engine oil. The oil sump draws oil from the pan and sends it in the engine. The oil drains off run down into pan. There is a constant circulation of oil between pan and the working parts of the engine.

OIL PUMP

It is generally located inside the crankcase below the oil level. The function of oil pump is to supply oil under pressure to the various engine parts are lubricated. We generally use gear type oil pump. It consist two gear of equal size. One is called driven gear and other is called driving gear.

The driving gear should be 0.5 mm and clearance between the bodies to gear should be 0.5mm-1mm. The oil enters the pump from the inlet port. The wear and tear of teeth, which occurs slowly, produces an adverse effect on the delivery.

GASKETS

A gasket is placed between the cylinder head and to ensure metallic tight fit joint. The gasket should able to withstand not only high pressure but also extreme temperature.

Following important gaskets are used in automobile engine:

1. Copper—Asbestos Gasket

2. Steel-- Asbestos Gasket

3. Steel-- Asbestos –Copper Gasket

4. Single Steel rigid or Corrugate Gasket

PISTON

Piston is considered one of the most important parts in a reciprocating engine that is used to convert the chemical energy obtained by the combustion of fuel into useful mechanical power.

The piston must possess the following qualities:-

1. Rigid to withstand high pressure.

2. Lightness to reduce the weight of reciprocating masses and so enable to get higher engines speeds.

3. Good heat conductivity.

4. Material should have low co-efficient of expansion.

PISTON RING

Piston rings are fitted into the grooves to maintain good seal between the piston and the cylinder wall.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

CLUTCH

It consists of only one clutch plate, mounted on the spines of the clutch shaft, the flywheel is mounted on engine crankshaft and rotates with it the pressure plates bolted to the flywheel through clutch springs and free to slide on clutch shift when the clutch pedal is operated. When the clutch is engaged plates is gripped between the flywheel and pressure plate.

The friction linings are on both the sides of the clutch plate due to friction between the flywheel. Clutch plate and pressure plate, the clutch plate revolves with the flywheel. As clutch shaft is also connected to the transmission thus engine power is transmitted to the crankshaft to the clutch shaft.

When the clutch pedal is pressed, the pressure plate move back against the force of the strings and the clutch plate become free between the flywheel and the pressure plate thus the flywheel remain rotating as long as the engine running and the clutch shaft speed reduce slowly and finally it stop rotating as soon the clutch pedal is pressed, the clutch is said to be disengaged, otherwise it remains engaged due to the spring faces.

GEAR BOX

Its function is to provide the high torque at the starting, hill climbing, accelerating and pulling a load. When a vehicle is starting from rest, hill climbing, accelerating and meeting other resistance, high torque is required, at the drive wheels. Hence, a device must be providing to prevent the engine crankshaft to revolve a relatively high speed, while the wheels turn at slower speed.

This obtained by set of gear called a transmission or gear set of enclose in metal box called a gearbox. The vehicle speed is also change with the help of the transmission box keeping the engine speed it with certain limit.

PROPELLER SHAFT

This shaft is used to transmit power from universal joint to differential in case of rear wheel drive vehicles. This shaft doesn’t remain at fixed position. There are two reasons for this. One, the rear axle moves up and down because of unevenness of the road. Secondly, while braking and starting, it tends to move axially forward and backward. One is internally splined and one externally.

DIFFERENTIAL

When the automobile round a corner or travel over uneven ground, its right and left wheel covered differential distance. If the wheels are rotates at equal speeds. One of them would be forced skid. To prevent skidding, there must be a mechanism is called differential.

The car use a differential pinions is free mounted on the journal of the slider. The slider with pinions is secured in the differential case to rotate with the letter. The pinion is inconstant mesh with the left and right side gear.

When an automobile moves straight on the even road, the right and left driving wheels meet the same rolling resistance and the ring gear of the final drive rotate the differential case with the sliders and pinions. Meshed with the right and left side gears the pinion rotates them at equal speed but do not revolve themselves around their axes.

COOLING SYSTEM

1. Radiator:- A radiator very efficiently cools the circulating water passing through it. It hard water jackets and tubes, which acts as insulator and make the in efficient.

2. Thermostat:- Thermostat is a valve type components used in the cooling system, which regulates the engine temp. by automatically controlling the quantity of cooling water flowing from the water jackets to the radiator core.

3. Water pump:- The power is transmitted to the pump spindle for a pulley mounted on the end of the camshaft or crankshaft. The water pump used in cooling system is either centrifugal pump is the one which is used for this purpose.

4. Fan:- Fan is mounted behind the radiator on the same shaft on which the water pump is mounted. It is driven by a v-belt from the crankshaft pulley.

FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN PETROL ENGINE

1. Fuel tank :- The fuel tank acts as a reservoir in which fuel is stored. The fuel tank is provided with air-want so that the pressure in the fuel tank always remain equal to the atmospheric pressure.

2. Fuel filter:- To prevent possible blockage by dust particles, the fuel is filtered by installing a fuel filter or strainer at the inlet to the float chamber. In a fuel supply system, there are three fuel filters. One fuel filter is mounted at the inlet of the fuel storage tank. The second fuel filter is fitted in the fuel pump and the third is placed in between the fuel pump and carburetor. The fuel entering the glass bowl passes through a ceramic filter which separates the foreign particles and the filtered fuel come out from it. The water and sediments are collected in the bowl which can be removed for cleaning.

3. Fuel pump :- The function of the fuel pump is to deliver fuel from the fuel tank to the carburetor. Many types of fuel pumps are used, out of which two are as follows:

A. Mechanical fuel pump

B. Electrical fuel pump

Mechanical fuel pump: This type of pump is used in petrol engine for supply of fuel to the carburetor. Due to rotation of the crankshaft the

cam rotates , it operates the rocker arm which in turn pushes the diaphragm up and down . The downward moment of the diaphragm against the compression of spring produces a vacuum in the pump chamber. The causes the suction of fuel though the strainer from the fuel tank . The upward moment of diaphragm pushes the fuel up causes the inlet valve to close the outlet valve to open. The fuel goes to the mpfi system through the outlet valve.

MPFI System:-

M.P.F.I. means Multi Point Fuel Injection system. In this system each cylinder has number of injectors to supply/spray fuel in the cylinders as compared to one injector located centrally to supply/spray fuel in case of single point injection system.

Advantage of M. P. F. I.

(1) More uniform A/F mixture will be supplied to each cylinder, hence the difference in power developed in each cylinder is minimum. Vibration from the engine equipped with this system is less, due to this the life of engine components is improved.

(2) No need to crank the engine twice or thrice in case of cold starting as happens in the carburetor system.

(3) Immediate response, in case of sudden acceleration / deceleration.

(4) Since the engine is controlled by ECM* (Engine Control Module), more accurate amount of A/F mixture will be supplied and as a result complete combustion will take place. This leads to effective utilization of fuel supplied and hence low emission level.

(5) The mileage of the vehicle will be improved.

FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN DIESEL ENGINE

The fuel is stored in the fuel tank from where it is lifted by means of a fuel feed pump if the fuel tank is place at a lower level. The fed pump supplies the fuel to the injection pump through a filler. The fuel injection pump forces the fuel under a very high pressure to the fuel injector .The fuel under a very high pressure is injected into the engine cylinder in the form of a fine spray by means of the fuel injector at proper instant .The fuel injection system consists of the following components.

4. Fuel tank:- the fuel tank acts as a reservoir in which fuel is stored. The fuel tank is provided with air-want so that the pressure in the fuel tank always remain equal to the atmospheric pressure.

5. Fuel feed pump:- the pump which supplies fuel from the tank to the injection pump, is known is fuel feed pump. The pressure developed by pump is 1 bar to 2 bar.

6. Fuel injection pump:- The pump which supplies a metered quantity of fuel to the injector under a very high pressure at correct moment is known as fuel injection pump.

7. Fuel injector:- A nozzle mounted on the combustion chamber, which supplies the fuel to the engine cylinder in the form of a fine spray, is known as fuel injector. It is also sometime called fuel automizer fuel valve, nozzle

Or spray.

MISCHELLANEOUS

STEERING

This system is consists generally of many linkage. It is mostly attached to the front wheels. It’s main components are steering wheel, steering column, steering box, pitman arm, pull & push rod, tie rod, tie rod arm and king pin.

The main function of steering system:-

1. It allowed gear wheel to turn to the right or left.

2. The steering gear swing on piston arm to the right or left when the wheel is turned.

BRAKING SYSTEM

Stopping of the vehicle is as necessary as its starting. Once the vehicle is started, it must be stopped somewhere. Brakes are applied on the wheels to stop the vehicle. Before applying the brakes, the acceleration is released to stop the fuel supply thus the engine develops no more power to run the vehicle, and then the brakes are applied which stop the rolling of the wheels on the road and hence the vehicle is stopped. Braking system used in MARUTI SUZUKI vehicles is braking system.

CHASSIS

The portion without body of vehicle is called chassis. The layout of chassis components:-

1. Frame

2. Power unit

3. Transmission system

4. Braking system

5. Steering system

6. Suspension system

Fuel Supply System In Diesel Engine(TRACTOR)

2012-04-21T23:50:00.005-07:00

1. FUEL TANK: - The fuel tank is used to store the fuel. It may be higher level (Stationary Engine) or at a lower level. The fuel flow down under gravity if it is placed at a higher level. If it placed at a lower level, then the fuel from the fuel tank is lifted with the help of a fuel feed pump. An air vent is provided above the tank to create pressure.

2. FUEL SUPPLY PIPE:-
The main function of fuel supply pipe is to supply the fuel from one device to another device in proper way.

3. FUEL FEED PUMP: - The purpose of the fuel feed pump is to supply the fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel filter.

WORKING OF FUEL FEED PUMP: -

It is of spring loaded plunger type fuel feed pump. The plunger is actuated through a push rod from the cam shaft. At the minimum lift position of the cam the spring force on the plunger creates a suction which causes the fuel flow from the main tank into pump.
When the cam is turned to its maximum lift position, the plunger is lifted up words. At the same time the inlet valve is closed and the fuel is forced through the outlet valve.
When the operating pressure get released ,the plunger return spring ceases to function resulting in varying of the pumping stroke under varying engine load according to the quantity of fuel required by the injection pump. This type of fuel feed pump is called plunger type fuel feed pump.

4. FUEL FILTER: - A filter which cleans the fuel by removing the vapors, dirt particles or air bubbles is known as fuel filter. It has been seen that the holes provided in the fuel nozzle are of very small diameter (0.25 to 1mm) and if any foreign material is carried by the oil, the holes may be closed. Therefore, it is important that the fuel supplied to nozzle must be absolutely clean. For this purpose fuel filter are used in diesel engine. The following types of fuel filter are used in the fuel supply system.

These are:-
a. Preliminary Fuel Filter b. Secondary Fuel Filter

a. PRELIMINARY FUEL FILTER: - This type of fuel filter consist of a bowl, a perforated tube and filter element. This filter is mounted on the suction side of fuel feed pump. As fuel feed pump sucks the fuel, the fuel from the fuel tank first enters into the filter bowl.
There, it passes through the filter element and a perforated tube before it enters into pump. Most of dust particles are contained at the surface of filter element and the perforated tube. These practical are collected at the bottom of the bowl, from where these may be drained out through a drain plug.

b. SECONDARY FUEL FILTER:-
The direction of fuel flow ensures that all the fuel passes through the filter. The secondary fuel filters has a fine grade felt, as the filter element, whereas the preliminary fuel filter has a relatively coarse gauge or cloth as a filter element. The passes through the secondary fuel filter before it is delivered to the fuel injection pump. The filter element is made from a special treated paper. The paper is spirally would in vie form to increase the filtering area of the element. The filter element is placed in the bowl and is pushed downward against the spring force, provided at the base of the boil. One sealing ring and O-ring is mounted in between the filter element and the filter to check any leakage of oil. An air venting is blog is provided at the top of the filter.

5. FUEL INJECTION PUMP:-
The purpose of the fuel injection pump is to meter the correct quantity of fuel and deliver at the correct time to the engine cylinder acc. to the varying load and speed requirement. There is different type of fuel injection pumps used in the diesel engine.
But the following types of fuel injection pumps are preferred in diesel engines:-
a. Distributor type fuel-injection pump
b. Plunger type fuel-injection pump

a. DISTRIBUTOR TYPE FUEL-INJECTION PUMP: - The distributor type injection pump is a single unit which pumps the fuel and distributor the required quantity of it to each cylinder at the proper time according to the firing order.
A rotary distributor, which is an integral part of the pump, distributes the fuel. There is a central longitudinal passage in the rotor and also two sets of radial holes located at different heights. One sets is connected to pump inlet through central passage while the second set in connected to the injectors of the various cylinder.
When the plunger move away from each other, the fuel is draw into the central rotor from the inlet port. When the radial deliver in the rotor coincides with the delivery port for any cylinder the fuel is delivered to each cylinder in turn.

Advantages:-
1. Used for multi-cylinder engine having four or more than four cylinder.
2. Light in weight and small size.

b.PLANGER TYPE FUEL INJECTION PUMP: - The plunger is driven by a cam and tappet mechanism at the bottom. The plunger reciprocates in the barrel. There are as many plungers as the number of cylinder in the engine. The plunger has rectangular vertical grooves which extend from the top to another helical groove. The delivery valve is lifted from its seat due to the pressure of the fuel against the spring force. The fuel from the delivery valve goes to injector.
There are two ports in the barrel.
One is the supply port while other is known as spill port. The spill port is also known as by pass port as it returns the excess oil to the full tank. When the plunger is at the bottom of its stroke, the supply port and the spill port are uncovered; the fuel from a low pressure pump after filtration is forced into the barrel.
As the plunger is pushed up by the cam and tappet mechanism, a stage comes when both supply and spill port are covered by the plunger and during further movement of the plunger upward causes the compression of the fuel to a high pressure. Then this compressed fuel lifts the delivery valve and the fuel through it goes to the injector.

6. FUEL INJECTION PIPE:-
The function of fuel injection pipe is to supply the atomized fuel from fuel injection pump to fuel injector to inject into the cylinder properly in the form of fine spray.

7. FUEL INJECTOR:-
A nozzle mounted on combustion chamber, which supplies to the engine cylinder in the form of fine spray, is known as fuel injector or atomizer or fuel valve or nozzle or sprayer. By atomizing the fuel into very fine droplets, it increases the surface area of the fuel droplets resulting in better mixing and subsequent combustion. Atomization is done by forcing the through a small orifice under high pressure. The fuel injector consists of the following components:-
A needle valve
A compression spring
A nozzle
An injector body
Nozzle is that part of an injector through which the liquid fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber.
The main requirements of the injector nozzle are:-
1. The inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure so that the fuel enters the cylinder with a high velocity.
2. Penetration should not so as to impinge on cylinder walls; this may result in poor starting.
3. Fuel supply and cut-off should be rapid, there should be no dribbling.
4. There are various type of injection nozzle generally employed in diesel engine. The type of nozzle used is greatly dependent on the types of combustion chamber as pre-combustion chamber.
The usual types of the injection nozzle are discussed below:-
a. Single hole nozzle
b. Pintle nozzle
c. Multi hole nozzle
d. Circumferential orifice nozzle
e. Pintaux nozzle

a. SINGLE HOLE NOZZLE:-
This is the simplest type of nozzle. It consists of a single hole bored centrally through the nozzle and closed by the needle valve. The size of hole usually is 0.2 mm. The spray cone of nozzle varies from 5 to 15 degree and injection pressure is order to 8-10 MPa.
In some case, a cone is given a series of spiral groves in order to import a rotational motion to the fuel for bettering with the air. This is the simple type of nozzle and used in open combustion chambers.
ADVANTAGES:-
Simple in construction.

DISADVANTAGES:-
A very high pressure is required to high velocity of injection.
As the spray angle is narrow, this does not facilitate good mixing unless higher air velocity is provided.

b. PINTLE NOZZLE:-
The steam of nozzle valve is extended to form a pin or pintle which extends through the mouth of the nozzle. The size and shape of the pintle nozzle can be varied according to requirement. The spray cone angle is generally 60 degree and spray injection pressure about 8-10 MPa.
ADVANTAGES:-
It prevents the carbon depositing on the nozzle hole.
It provides weak injection and dribbling.

c. MULTI-HOLE NOZZLE:-
It consists of number of holes bored in the tip of the nozzle. This type of nozzle is found extensive used in automobile engine, having open combustion chamber. The numbers of hole varies from 4 to 18 and hole diameter varies between 0.25 to 0.35 mm. The hole angle may be from 20 degree upwards.
ADVANTAGES:-
Distribute fuel properly even at lower motion.
Give good automation.

DISADVANTAGES:-
Hole are small and liable to clogging.

d. CIRCUMFERENTIAL NOZZLE:-
The injected fuel particles tend to be projected in the form of plane, with wide cone angle. The purpose of this is to be obtained as large as an area of fuel spray as possible to come into contact with the air in the combustion chamber.

e. PINTAUX NOZZLE:-
When an auxiliary hole is provided at the nose of a pintle injector, then it is called pintaux nozzle. The auxiliary hole supplies fuel in the upstream direction during the idling or the starting of the engine.
This helps in easy starting of the engine. During the normal running of the engine, the fuel is sprayed through the pintle nozzle.
ADVANTAGES:-
Better cold starting performance.

DISADVANTAGE:-
The tendency of the auxiliary hole to choke.
Injection characteristics are proper than the multihole nozzle.

8. OVER FLOW PIPE:-
The function of over flow pipe is back supply of diesel from fuel injector to fuel tank which is not sprayed by the fuel injector into the cylinder.

WORKING OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM :-
First of all fulfill the fuel tank according to capacity and requirement of fuel. Then the fuel is supply to the fuel feed pump by the help of fuel supply pipe.
After when the fuel is reaches in fuel feed pump firstly the fuel is filtered or cleaned with the help of filter which is mounted in the bottom of fuel feed pump. In this filter the thick dust and dirt particles are come out from the fuel then it is supply to the fuel filter with a high pressure.
After when the fuel is reached in fuel filter it is filtered. There are two filters in the fuel filter first is called primary filter or cloth filter and another filter is called secondary filter or paper filter. Firstly the fuel is go into the primary filter or cloth filter, in which the thick dust and dirt particles are come out from the fuel then, it is go into the secondary or paper filter.
In secondary or paper filter the thin dust and dirt particles are come out from the fuel and now the fuel is filtered or cleaned. After filtering or cleaning of fuel by fuel filter then it is passes to the fuel injection pump by the help of fuel supply pipe. The fuel injection pump is driven with the help of cam which is mounted and operated with the help of engine shaft. When the fuel is reached in the fuel injection pump the fuel is atomized or breakup into small particles.
After this it is supply to the fuel injector with the help of fuel injection pipe. When the fuel is reached in the fuel injector it is finely atomized or breakup into small particles. After atomization of fuel it is sprayed in the engine cylinder in the form of fine spray according to the requirement with the help of nozzle which is mounted in the bottom of fuel injector.
The fuel remaining in the fuel injector after spraying in engine cylinder is passed to the fuel tank with the help of over flow pipe. Now the working of the fuel supply system is complete and the circle is repeated again and again until the engine is in working condition or starting condition. If the engine is stopped or not running or working condition the fuel supply is stop.