CLIN CHEM EXPLORER

Clinical Chemistry 2 - Midterm Exams -Table of Specifications 2012

2012-01-30T21:49:00.000-08:00

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2

MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS – FEBRUARY 2, 2012

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

TOPIC	MULTIPLE CHOICE	PROBLEM SOLVING	ESSAY	ITEM	%
LFT	20	5	5	30	21.3
AUTOMATION	20			20	14.28
BGA	20	25		45	32.29
ELECTROLYTES	20	5		25	17.85
INTRO TO ENZYMES	20			20	14.28
TRANSCRIPTION	10
TOTAL ITEMS	110	35	5	150 items	100%

FOR THE LABORATORY–EXPTS. 1 to 6 (10 pts. each)

BRING THE FOLLOWING:

1. BLACK PENS

2. BLUE BOOK

3. GREEN MARKER

4. PENCIL/ERASER

5. CALCULATORS ( NO BORROWING (-10) FOR THOSE WITHOUT THEIR OWN)

6. PERMITS

7. LABORATORY MANUALS – FOR SUBMISSION

8. RCC – RESEARCH AND REINFORCEMENT CHECKLIST ( CLEAR BOOK) –FOR SUBMISSION

REVIEW QUESTIONS CAN BE FOUND HERE

Liver Function Test - Impaired Conjugation of Bilirubin

2011-10-29T22:49:00.000-07:00

Bilirubin is a product of hemoglobin degradation. It is tested as a measure of Liver Function. Various conditions occur in the body during impaired conjugation of bilirubin in the body.

CC1 FINAL EXAMS -TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

2011-10-11T04:11:00.000-07:00

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 01

FINAL EXAMS (OCTOBER 12, 2011)

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

TOPICS	IDENTI- FICATION	MULTIPLE CHOICE/ MATCHING TYPE	PROBLEM SOLVING	ESSAY	TOTAL NO. OF ITEMS	%
Intro to CC	1	2			3	1.6 %
Laboratory Math		1	25		26	14.4 %
Instrumentation	1	14			15	8.3 %
Sample Collection	1	19		5	25	13.8 %
Quality Assurance	1	17			18	10 %
Carbohydrate	1	22			23	12.7 %
Lipids	1	22			23	12.7 %
RFT	1	17			18	10 %
LFT/proteins	1	21+9			31	17.2 %
TOTAL					180	100%
Transcription					15
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS	10	140	25	5 + 15 Trans.	195

BRING THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS:

1. TWO BLACK PENS

2. PENCIL AND ERASER

3. CALCULATORS (ANALOGUE)

4. BLUE BOOKS (2 pcs)

5. PERMITS

PLEASE COME IN COMPLETE UNIFORM

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS -CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 01 MIDTERM EXAMS

2011-08-28T03:01:00.000-07:00

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 01

MIDTERM EXAMS (AUGUST 31, 2011)

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

TOPICS	IDENTI- FICATION	MULTIPLE CHOICE	PROBLEM SOLVING	ESSAY	TOTAL NO. OF ITEMS	%
Intro to CC	4	3			7	5
Laboratory Math	1	2	25		28	20
Instrumentation	1	20			21	15
Sample Collection	2	28		5	35	25
Quality Assurance	1	7	20		28	20
Glucose	1	20			21	15
						100%
Transcription					10
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS	10	80	45	5	150

BRING THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS:

1. TWO BLACK PENS

2. PENCIL AND ERASER

3. CALCULATORS (ANALOGUE)

4. GRAPHING PAPER ( 2 PCS)

5. PERMITS

PLEASE COME IN COMPLETE UNIFORM

MT3 A,B & C: Pointers in Venipuncture Practical Exams

2011-08-08T05:42:00.001-07:00

1.Bring ALL necessary materials,EXCEPT: syringe(2 only) and tubes
2.Alotted time is 10 minutes.
3.Two tries per patient.
4.Role playing from start of procedure to termination.
5.Recommended-individual: wet and dry cotton, alcohol, sharps container (or at least two sets per group.)
6.Review venipuncture procedure in lab manual.
7.Observe all necessary precautions.
8.Good luck!

ANNOUNCEMENTS: BSMT3 in CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 01 PRELIMINARY EXAMS

2011-07-18T23:19:00.000-07:00

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 01

PRELIMINARY EXAMS (JULY 20, 2011)

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

TOPICS	IDENTIFICATION	MULTIPLE CHOICE	PROBLEM SOLVING	ESSAY	TRANSC RIPTION	PERCENTAGE
Intro to CC	5	5				10
Laboratory Math	2	3	25	5	ALL	45
Instrumentation	3	32	5	5		45

TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS	10	40	30	10	10	100

BRING THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS:

1. TWO BLACK PENS

2. PENCIL AND ERASER

3. CALCULATORS (ANALOGUE)

4. GRAPHING PAPER ( 2 PCS)

5. PERMITS

PLEASE COME IN COMPLETE UNIFORM

LECTURE: Instrumentation in Clinical Chemistry

2011-07-06T18:16:00.000-07:00

Clinical Chemistry Chapter 4

View and share presentations on PowerShow.com

CC01 Lecture: Venipuncture Materials

2011-06-12T05:45:00.000-07:00

Vacutainer Adapters

Vacutainer adapters are used in venipuncture utilizing the vacutainer method. This is the disposable type of adapters and are used only once. They hold the vacutainer tube in place during blood extraction or phlebotomy.

The Tourniquet

The tourniquet is used in venipuncture to make the veins prominent.

The syringe and needle

The syringe and needle are used to perform venipuncture (collection of blood from the veins). It is also used to inject intramuscularly, intravenously or intradermally medications and solutions.

Vacutainer Tubes

Vacutainer tubes are materials used when performing venipuncture. Venipuncture is the extraction of blood from the veins of a patient.

The Vacutainer Adapter

The adapter helps to hold the vacutainer tube in place during venipuncture procedure.

Images uploaded by Jenaisle

CC-03 Next Blog Assignment - Anterior Pituitary Hormones

2011-06-06T09:04:00.000-07:00

Write a poem about the ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES.

DEADLINE - June 14, Tuesday 12 pm.

Be as creative as possible. Content is still King and is the most important:

Content = 60 %
Originality, creativity, ATAI, presentation, organization = 40 %

CC 01 Lecture: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

2011-06-05T07:42:00.000-07:00

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

• Is a device that measures the concentration of an unknown solution by measuring the light absorbed and transmitted through a specific wavelength of light.

COMPONENTS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER

1. sample compartment
2. digital read-out
3. mode indicators
4. mode selection
5. decrease
6. increase
7. print
8. wavelength control
9. transmittance/absorbance control (100%T 0A)
10. power switch Zero control
11. light source

Watch the video on how to use the spectrophotometer:

Spectrophotometer Operation
Video credit:meowmo3/YouTube

Spectrophotometer Operation
Video credit: Wendytrees/YouTube

PRINCIPLE

A source of light provides a continuous beam which when passed through a cuvette (tube containing the unknown solution), the intensity of light absorbed is detected and this absorbed light is inversely related to the amount of transmitted light.
This relationship is called Beer-Lambert's law

• the Spectronic 20 D is spectrophotometer used in this laboratory provides a direct reading of absorbance, so the concentration is proportional to the dial reading. Absorbance depends on ration, and therefore has no units. Absorbance is sometimes called OD or optical density

Procedure

1. check that the instrument is turned on. The left-hand knob should be turned clockwise. Allow 10 minutes for warming up
2. set the wavelength to the desired value using the knob on top
3. with empty, closed sample compartment, turn the left-hand knob to obtain a reading of 0%T
4. wipe the cuvette with dry tissue to remove drops of solution or finger prints
5. line up the mark on the cuvette with the line on the sample compartment
6. insert cuvette filled with the solvent in the sample compartment
7. close the cover
8. turn the right-hand knob to obtain a reading of 100%T
9. to analyze your sample, insert sample cuvette and read the absorbance value on the scale. Use the mirror behind the needle to avoid parallax error.

INTRINSIC PRECAUTIONS

• preparing the cuvette
1. never use a brush to clean the inside of the cuvette
2. fill the cuvette about ¾ full of the solution you wish o test
3. wipe the outside of the cuvette with a lint-free, soft tissue to remove any moisture or fingerprints from the outside surface

• calibrate the spectrophotometer
1. plug in and turn on the Spec. 20. It must warm up for at least 10 minutes to avoid fluctuations.

Beer Lambert's Law

Beer Lambert’s Law
Video credit: brightstorm2/YouTube

Enter the LINK below for more information.
'Spectrophotometer Simulation! link';
From: http://www.chm.davidson.edu/java/spec/spec.html

Announcement: Incoming MT 3rd Years

2011-06-02T18:12:00.000-07:00

Incoming MT 3rd Years:

Research on the definition of Clinical Chemistry and use an image to represent your definition.

Be ready to present it in class.

Classes will start June 13, 2010.

Classes for MT 4th years started last May 9, 2011.

FYI

Image Credit: Windows

Announcement: MT 4th Years, 2011-2012

2011-05-28T10:24:00.000-07:00

Kindly check if you are already included in the blog list. If not, inform me. Follow also all the other blogs in the list. Just click on the links to visit the blog, and then click on the "Follow" button. FYI.

Criteria for BLOG CONTEST

Three (3) Best Blogs – based on:

•Popularity (online votes ) ( 40 %)

•Votes of Panel of Judges ( 5 reliable online bloggers who are in the medical field) (60%)

•Criteria for Panel of Judges

•Content = 50 % Originality = 10 %

•Presentation = 10 %

•ATAI (Ability to Arouse Interest) = 10 %

•Use of Audiovisual aids = 10 %

•Creativity = 10 %

Kindly visit the blogs first before you vote! Links are found at the side bar. T.Y.

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

2011-03-13T01:52:00.001-08:00

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 FINAL EXAMS - MARCH 2011

TOPIC	PERCENT (%)	ITEMS

LIVER FUNCTION TEST	15	23
BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS	30	45
AUTOMATION	15	22
ELECTROLYTES	15	22
ENZYMOLOGY	25	38
TOTAL	100	150

TRANSCRIPTION = 10 POINTS FOR A GRAND TOTAL OF 160.

Please Bring:

Calculator (no borrowing of calculators)

Blue book ( 2 pcs.)

1 sheet of yellow paper

Permit

Type of test

1. Identification (10 pts)

2. Matching type (10 pts.)

3. Multiple choice (100 pts.)

4. Problem solving (25 pts)

5. Essay (5 pts)

Transcription (10 pts.)

ENZYMES - OUTLINE OF ORGAN CLASSIFICATION

2011-03-08T04:27:00.000-08:00

Cardiac Enzymes;

AST

LDH

Hepatic Enzymes

CHS

LDH

AST

ALT

GGT

5’NT

OCT

ALP

LAP

Prostatic Enzyme

ACP

Pancreatic Enzymes

AMS

LPS

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2

2011-01-06T02:26:00.000-08:00

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMS

TOPIC	PERCENT (%)	ITEMS

LIVER FUNCTION TEST	40	48
BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS	60	72

TOTAL	100 %	120

Bring:

Calculator (no borrowing of calculators

Blue book

1 sheet of yellow paper

Permits

Type of test

1. Identification (70 pts)

2. Matching type (10 pts.)

3. Multiple choice (10 pts.)

4. Problem solving (20 pts)

5. Essay (10 pts)

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS- FINAL EXAMS CC 1

2010-10-12T15:36:00.000-07:00

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS- FINAL EXAMS CC 1- CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 1

COVERAGE- FROM THE BEGINNING

LECTURE TOPICS:

INTRO TO CHEMISTRY - 5%
LABORATORY MATH - 20%
SPECIMEN COLLECTION - 15%
QUALITY ASSURANCE - 20%
INSTRUMENTATION - 7%
CARBOHYDRATES- 8%
LIPIDS - 10%
PROTEINS-5%
RFT -10%
TRANSCRIPTION - 15 PTS.

LABORATORY TOPICS

ALL EXPERIMENTS

PLEASE BRING;

1. GREEN MARKER
2. CALCULATOR ( NO BORROWING)
3. 2 PCS GRAPHING PAPER
4. RULER
5. PENCIL AND ERASER
6. PERMIT
7. 1 BLUEBOOK
8. ASSIGNMENTS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

+15 points for those with outline of all substances making use of CC man.
For review materials you can visit Clin Chem Reviewer.

COME IN COMPLETE UNIFORM.

All About Diabetes Mellitus

2010-10-03T02:31:00.000-07:00

Fictitious beliefs and half-truths should be categorized for DM (diabetes mellitus), because the condition precipitates several serious illnesses that could cause death. People should become aware of these myths and classify them from the facts.

Here are some common myths about diabetes mellitus that the public should know about:

1. All diabetic patients are obese and over weight.

Not all persons with diabetes are fat. Persons with type I diabetes mellitus are usually thin, while type II DM (Diabetes Mellitus) persons are usually obese. The weight and size of a person does not indicate whether he/she has DM or not. Only a blood test could determine whether a person is diabetic or not. An FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), RBS (Random Blood Sugar) or 2-HPPT (Two Hour Post Prandial Test) should be performed in the clinical laboratory to determine this.

2. Diabetes is curable.

Diabetes is a lifetime condition. Once you have it, it will stay. Diabetes can only be properly managed and controlled. This is because uncontrolled DM can cause irreparable damage to all of your organs, your eyes (retinopathy), your kidneys (nephropathy), and the central nervous system (neuropathy). , so when your blood glucose levels go back to normal, do not assume that you are "cured" already, and start going back to your eating binges.

Your observance of proper diet and exercise should be a lifetime process. Although the DM genes may skip a generation or two, it will always appear down line in your family's lineage.

Scientists are now trying to find a way to alter the genetic composition of a DM person so that the genes would not be passed on from one generation to another. If this happens in your lifetime, then you are lucky!

3. Diabetes is only caused by the lack or absence of insulin.

This is not always the case. Although people know that DM is the insufficiency and lack of insulin and is not acquired from eating too much sugar, people should also be aware that one of the symptoms of DM, which is hyperglycemia (elevation of blood sugar), could be the result of the increase secretion of the hormones glucagon in the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans and adrenaline in the adrenal medulla. These secretions can be triggered by caffeine, stress, and emergency situations.

4. Minor wounds would not pose a potential danger for a diabetic person.

A sad fact is that even a small pedicure or manicure wound could cause a gangrenous feet to be amputated. Any wound no matter how small it is should never be taken for granted. Diabetic patients usually have wounds that have difficulty healing, so they are more prone to infection.

Infection often comes from pathogenic microorganisms like Clostridium perfringens which causes gangrene (necrotization or death of body tissue.) When the tissues or cells die in one part, then it has to be amputated or this will infect all of the parts of the body and would cause inevitable death. If the gangrenous part is amputated, then the rest of the body would be spared.

5. Only sugar and sugar containing foods should be minimized in a diabetic patient's diet.

This is a half-truth. People should be aware that the most predominant carbohydrate in the bloodstream is glucose. Glucose is a simple sugar generally called a monosaccharide. Glucose comes, not only from sugar, but from a variety of bland foodstuffs like bread, rice (yes, rice!) pasta (even plain pasta), potatoes and many unsweetened foods. This is because glucose is the end product of the metabolism of any carbohydrate in which rice and the rest are included.

Excessive fat intake also could exacerbate the condition. The dietary fat could be stored as triglyceride and would add to the obesity of the person. It should be remembered that losing weight is one good management control for DM patients. So when the doctor tells you to limit your rice and fat intake, do so!

6. All sweet fruits should be avoided as they contain high levels of sugar.

Not all fruits have high sugar levels. Apple, grapefruit, strawberries, papayas, watermelons are examples of fruits good for diabetic persons. These however should be taken in fresh and not in the form of juices or shakes as these preparations have high artificial sugar content. It should be noted that there is also high fiber content with these fruits and are therefore healthy for the body.

Old myths may be proven false eventually but new myths are generated in return. People should have wisdom in distinguishing the two through proper information and education. Do not believe everything you hear through the grapevine. Take time to read good reference materials and be informed!

20 Precautions in Venipuncture Procedure

2010-09-04T06:40:00.000-07:00

20 Precautions in Venipuncture Procedure

1. Use only dry and sterile materials.
2. Follow the direction of the vein.
3. The bevel of the needle should be facing upwards.
4. Push and pull the plunger to ensure that the syringe and needle are not clogged.
5. Anchor the needle securely to the syringe.
6. Puncture the vein in a smooth and deliberate manner.
7. Select a vein that is not too big nor too small.
8. Do not leave the tourniquet for more than 2 minutes.
9. Sterilize in a circular manner.
10. Remove the tourniquet first before the needle.
11. Apply pressure to the wound to prevent bleeding.
12. Transfer the blood specimen immediately to specified containers.
13. Label your specimen container right after collection.
14. Discard materials is proper containers.
15. Check the patient's wound after 3-10 minutes.
16. Handle the blood gently to avoid hemolysis which can interfere with your tests.
17. Use proper needle gauge.
18. Do not press the cotton balls while the needle is still in the vein.
19. If you are collecting plasma, be sure to mix immediately the blood with the anticoagulant.
20. Separate the serum or plasma immediately and properly observing the time and rpm of specimen collection.

Clinical Chemistry 3 -Table of Specifications

2010-08-31T11:06:00.000-07:00

FINAL EXAMS

CC3 Table of Specifications

Endocrinology - 30%
Toxicology - 35%
Drug Testing -35%

Types of Test

Identification
Multiple Choice
Essay
Transcription
Case Analysis
Problem Solving

Materials Needed

2 bluebooks
calculators (bring your own, borrowing is not allowed)
permits
black ball pens

LABORATORY

ALL EXPTS.

Clin Chem 1 -Table of Specifications

2010-08-27T11:28:00.000-07:00

Midterm Exams

Topics (All topics, from the beginning)

Intro to CC - 10%
Laboratory Math -20%
Instrumentation - 20%
Quality Assurance - 25%
Specimen Collection - 25%

Type of Test

Identification
Multiple Choice
Problem Solving
Essay
Transcription

What to Bring

2 black ball pens
2 linear graphing paper
1 green marker
2 blue books
1 ruler
1 pencil with eraser
1 calculator (no borrowing and using of cellphones)
Permits

FOR LABORATORY EXAMS

ALL EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED, EXCEPT (TAG)
EXPERIMENT NOS. 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 (EXCLUDE NO. 7 & 8)

FYI AND GUIDANCE/VBG

Table of Specifications -Clinical Chemistry 3

2010-08-03T00:12:00.000-07:00

Midterm Exams Coverage

Lecture

Endocrinology - 60 %
Toxicology - 40 %

Laboratory

All experiments performed

Type of exams

Identification
Multiple choice
Matching type
Problem solving
Essay
Transcription

GOOD LUCK!!!

N.B.

FOR POWERPOINT HANDOUT, PLS CONTACT ROSETTE. IT IS INCLUDED IN THE EXAM. STUDY ALL NOTES FROM THE BEGINNING, AND ALL BLOG POSTS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY. FOR TOXICOLOGY REFER TO POWERPOINT.

FYI

CC3 Bloggers: New Assignment

2010-06-26T04:45:00.000-07:00

Write a post about how you encountered toxicology in your life. Cite specific instances and specify what the drugs are, their side effects, their toxic, therapeutic dosages and other important information about the drug.

Best Commenter will receive a prize. Watch out for it!

Announcement - CC BLOGGERS

2010-06-13T00:22:00.000-07:00

Everyone should read the post of the other bloggers. Leave a valid comment to indicate you have been there. FYI.

TYPE OF PRELIM EXAMS

1. MATCHING TYPE
2. ESSAY
3. MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. PROBLEM SOLVING
5. TRANSCRIPTION

TOPIC - LEC- ENDOCRINOLOGY

LAB - ENDOCRINOLOGY -

Assignments for Blogs 26- 32

2010-06-05T02:50:00.001-07:00

Blog. No. 26 = Pisano's test

Blog No. 27 = quantitative HCG tests

Blog No. 28 = Serum HCG determination

Blog No. 29 = 24 -Hour Urinary steroid hormone panel tests

Blog No. 30 = Urinary cortisol test

Blog No. 31 = Urinary estrogens tests

Blog No. 32= Saliva Test Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

CC3 - Assignments for Wednesday

2010-05-21T09:36:00.000-07:00

PLEASE COMPOSE YOUR OWN POST. STRICTLY NO COPYING AND NO COPY PASTING.

Blog numbers 1,2,3,4 - Hypothalamus and the hormones secreted

Blog numbers 5,6,7 - Thyroid gland and the hormones secreted.

Blog numbers 8, 9 - Parathyroid gland and the hormones secreted.

Blog numbers 10, 11, 12 - Pancreatic gland and the hormones secreted.

Blog numbers 13,14 - Adrenal medulla and the hormones secreted

Blog numbers 15, 16 -Adrenal cortex and the hormones secreted

Blog numbers 17, 18 - The female gonadal gland and the hormones secreted

Blog numbers 19, 20 - The male gonadal gland and the hormones secreted

Blog numbers 21,22 - The placenta and the hormones secreted

Blog numbers 23,24,25 - All about steroid hormones , cite all steroid hormones and their functions

Blog numbers 26,27,28 - Definition of hormones, mechanism 1 & 2 of hormone function.

Blog numbers 29,30, 31 and so on - outline of endocrine glands , (where they are found in the body, hormones they produce, do not include functions)

For blogs 1 - 22- DISCUSS THE FUNCTION OF EACH HORMONE.

FYI

BEST 5 BLOGS WILL BE ANNOUNCED NEXT WEDNESDAY BASED ON:

1. CREATIVITY - 10 %

2. CONTENT - 60 %

3. PRESENTATION (GRAPHICS, VISUAL, VIDEOS, LINKS, ETC.)- 10 %

4. ORGANIZATION - 10 %

5. ABILITY TO AROUSE INTEREST - 10 %

The top 2 will receive cash awards, the price TBA later.