TechTravelHub

How to Resolve NoSuchSessionException in selenium?

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Fri, 22 Feb 2019 16:09:00 +0000

How to Resolve NoSuchSessionException in selenium?

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchSessionException: No active session with ID.

It means that the driver we are using is not able to connect or initiate an active session with underlying browser.

The class Structure of NoSuchSessionException is as follows:


public class public class org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchSessionException extends org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException
{
//field Information:
public BASE_SUPPORT_URL;
public DRIVER_INFO;
public SESSION_ID;
//constructors:
NoSuchSessionException() 
NoSuchSessionException(java.lang.String reason) 
NoSuchSessionException(java.lang.String reason,java.lang.Throwable cause) 
}

Possible Cause and Solve:

Step-1:
Possibily the ChromeDriver/FireFoxDriver/IEDriver is not compatible the Chrome,FireFox,IE we are using along with Selenium Client.Check for JDK version compatibility.We need to downgarde or upgrade the versions to check for a solution.Ideally all latest versions should resolve our issue.
Step-2:
Are we using driver.close()? Check if there are some steps left after driver is closed.If so, driver.close() closes the browser and as there is no active browser, the driver quits. If we code hapazardly, this issue may appear. We need to define a teardown method after the test to call driver.quit().
This issue may also arises when we try to run parallel execution on selenium grid. Just in case we are calling driver.quit() before any other test,the driver is set to null and the subsequent test does not get the proper driver information to work on it.
We need to implement @AfterTest or @AfterGroup annotation and define the tear down method there.
We need to look for driver.close() or driver.quit() method of our code.

Step-3:
This issue can arises,when we try to open new Window instead of Tab under a driver. Make sure the Tab is opened under the driver not a new Window. New Window may need new Session.We need make sure we are not opening multiple browsers during testing.

Step-4:
This issue can also appear if we have started testing i.e @Test before even browser launches properly. If the test starts running before a successful handshake between browser and driver,the session info is invalid.We need to give enough sync time between browser launch in the @before annotation or whereever we are trying to open a browser.

Step-5:
If we are using docker,we need to configure the docker-compose.yml file.The bydefault size is 64MM and the recommanded size is 256MB. We need to increase it.We need to check for conatainer priviledge as well. We need to execute docker with docker run --priviledged mode.This flag enables all capabilities for a container.

Step-6:
Very surprisingly there could be an exception due to the way we are identifying the elemnt. If there is any error in Xpath,id or CSS or the way,we are identifying the element , this exception can occur. We need to double check the element finding starategy.

Step-7:
Is our dependency file(POM.xml) correct? and is it righly pointing to the correct artifacts like jars.We need to check this one also while working with jenkins.

Step-8:
are we poiniting correct driver? It may so happen that instead of pointing to the local driver we are pointing to Remote driver
We need to use:


Driver driver=new ChromeDriver();
//instead of 
Driver driver=new RemoteChromeDriver();
Driver driver=new RemoteWebDriver();

Step-9:
Incase of Katalon, incorect proxy configuration can break the code and throw this exception.The default proxy option for Katalon studio is No Proxy.Either we need to chage the proxy to our desired one by navigating Run->Katalon Studio Preferences->Katalon->Proxy and change to your desired one. or we can select Use System Configuration. This will enable the browser and driver to have a proper handshake.

Best Color For Your Home

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 19 Feb 2019 16:40:00 +0000

Best Home Color

Best Color For Your Home:

Dupioni Faux bois Intaglio Pulmonaria. Rare tropics diseases? European politicians? Expensive appetizers? Nope, they are paint colors. If you're thinking of painting the exterior of your home you might be wondering whatever happened to blue, green, and red. The array of their names and color selections are sufficient to provide a homeowner a situation of Chromophobia - colors fear. How do you decide what color to use when there are plenty of alternatives? At more for quality latex or a gallon, you cannot afford to make a mistake. And should you not like the colors, your neighbors won't either have impact - you are not.

However preparation and a small research might help you to get started that the paint job is one which you - and your neighbors will be pleased with. An existing house is not a canvas - after all, you aren't altering the colour of the brick the roof or stone, and perhaps not even the windows. Masonry walls and roofs are regions of starting points and color for developing a palette. A exterior paint scheme should be composed of a minimum of three colors! The area - big areas like roofs or walls, the - corner boards, window trim, fascias, rakes, etc.; and - particular components including doors, shutters, together with other architectural capabilities.

Lighter shed:

Field colours make up the majority of what you will see on the home and will lead you to the choice of trimming and accent. Are you attempting to make your house look a small more prominent on the street? A lighter field colour will make it look larger, just a darker colour will visually shrink it. Unattractive elements - gutters, downspouts, etcto help them disappear in the background.to help them disappear in the background colour to allow them disappear into the background. But it is the trim colour that may make or break the program. Painting the trim the same colour as the field could work in several cases, however it may also give the home an unfinished or wedding cake look.

Darker Shed:

Darker trim - Particularly around the windows - may cause a frame effect, where the windows look like pictures hung on a wall. Keeping the trimming lighter than the field is nearly always a safe bet. The accent colour scheme and draws attention to the important. Once you have scheme and draws attention to the important. It is scheme and draws attention to the important colour scheme and draws attention to the important characteristics of the home. The front door, shutters, and the chimney frames colors.

Electrifying color:

Greens, pinks, and blues could be used to make a fashionable look. Custom home paint color matching can be made to make the best look for you. The way is dependent upon the substance that your home is made from. While others adhere to stone or brick, paints are made for wood. It is important to select the best outside house paint colors since could make or break the appearance of your home. The paint brands and surrounding neighborhood and types for your exterior house ideas will vary dependent upon your style in addition to the look of your yard.

Color schemes should emphasize architecture and the details of your house. While softer, more neutral colors are more common for exterior paint colors, brighter colorful hues may be utilized as well so long as it's done carefully. You can change the mood of exterior or the interior of with a change. Does the overall look of your house increase, but painting your home is easy. There are various home paint color ideas that you may usage to spruce up the exterior and interior of your house. The way to do is adding the walls and a paint coat. Painting the exterior of your house create an appealing look that friends and neighbors will be envious of and can enhance its curb appeal. When selecting the best interior paint colors, it's important since the exterior is first thing that individuals will see when visiting your house. The walls of your own house act as a blank canvas for you to produce artwork with endless color palettes to select from. Here you can find many do-it-yourself painting and decorating styles to help spark a few notions and provide you inspiration to turn your house into an enchanting, colorful place.

Frequently Asked Coding Questions During Interview on UFT

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 13 Feb 2019 16:24:00 +0000

Frequently Asked Coding Questions During Interview on UFT

Read here also for one more interview question.

How to Add digits of a given number?

Here the trick to check if we are following mod logic to get the number. However, we can use for loop to get the numbers one by one and add them.

I have explained the mod logic as below


Dim num, sum
num=inputbox ("Enter a Four digit number")
If Len(num) = 4 Then
sum=0
sum=sum+num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left (num, 3)
sum=sum+num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left (num, 2)
sum=sum+num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left (num, 1)
sum=sum+num mod 10
msgbox ("Sum is " &sum)
else
msgbox "Number, you entered is not a 4 digit number"
End If

How to read any Four-digit number and display the number in reverse order?

off course we can convert the given digit to String and use the inbuilt String reverse function.We can use recursion to solve the issue. Here is an approach to use the aabove-writtenmod logic to reverse the same.


Dim num,rev
num= inputbox("Enter a number")
If len(num)=4 Then
rev=rev*10 + num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left(num,3)
rev=rev*10 + num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left(num,2)
rev=rev*10 + num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left(num,1)
rev=rev*10 + num mod 10
msgbox "Reverse Order of the number is "&rev
Else
msgbox "Number, you entered is not a 4 digit number"
End If

one more approach to reverse the number:


Dim num,n
n=Inputbox ("Enter a Vaule")
For num=n to 1 step -1
msgbox num
Next

How to calculate the grade for an examination and display the grade obtained?

The conditions are:

If average marks Greater than or equal to 75, the grade is Distinction
If average marks Greater than or equal to 60 and less than 75 , then the grade is First
If average marks Greater than or equal to 50 and less than 60, then the grade is Second
If average marks Greater than or equal to 40 and less than 50 , then the grade is Third
Minimum marks 35 for any subject, otherwise 'no grade fail')

There are several ways to solve this. The most efficient code is to use the Switch statement. I have coded with if else



Dim e,m,p,c, tot
e=inputbox ("Enter english Marks")
m=inputbox ("Enter maths Marks")
p=inputbox ("Enter physics Marks")
c=inputbox ("Enter chemistry Marks")

tot= cdbl(e) + cdbl(m) + cdbl(p) + cdbl(c)
msgbox tot


If cdbl(e) >=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot >=300 Then
msgbox "Grade is Distinction"

else If  cdbl(e) >=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot >=240 and tot<300 cdbl="" e="" else="" first="" if="" is="" msgbox="" rade="" then="">=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot >=200 and tot<240 cdbl="" e="" else="" if="" is="" msgbox="" rade="" second="" then="">=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot >=160 and tot<200 code="" else="" end="" fail="" grade="" if="" is="" msgbox="" o="" rade="" then="" third="">

How to calculate Even or odd calculation till n(any given number)


Dim num,n
n=Inputbox ("Enter a Vaule")
For num= 1 to n step 2
msgbox num
Next

Write a program for finding out whether the given year is a leap year or not?


Dim xyear
xyear=inputbox ("Enter Year")
If xyear mod 4=0 Then
msgbox "This is a Leap year"
Else 
msgbox "This is NOT"
End If

Read two numbers and display the sum?


Dim num1,num2, sum
num1=inputbox ("Enter num1")
num2=inputbox ("Enter num2")
sum= Cdbl (num1) + Cdbl (num2) 'if we want add two strings conversion require
msgbox ("Sum is " &sum)

How to Calculate the odd even number in UFT?


Dim num
num=inputbox ("Enter a number")
If num mod 2=0 Then
msgbox "This is a Even Number"
Else 
msgbox "This is a Odd Number"
End If

How to Calculate the Simple Interest?


Dim p,t, r, si
p=inputbox ("Enter Principle")
t=inputbox ("Enter Time")
r=inputbox ("Enter Rate of Interest")
si= (p*t*r)/100 ' p= principle amount, t=time in years, r= rate of interest
msgbox ("Simple Interest is " &si)

How to display natural numbers up to n and write in a text file?


Dim num, n, fso, myfile
n= inputbox ("Enter any Value")
num=1
For num= 1 to n step 1
Set fso= createobject ("scripting.filesystemobject")
set myfile=fso.opentextfile ("D:\test.txt", 8, true)
myfile.writeline num
myfile.close
Next

How to display Natural numbers sum up to n? (Using For...Next Loop)


Dim num, n, sum
n= inputbox ("Enter a Value")
sum=0
For num= 1 to n step 1
sum= sum+num
Next
msgbox sum

How to display Natural numbers sum up to n? (using While...Wend Loop)


Dim num, n, sum
n= inputbox ("Enter a Value")
While num <=cdbl (n)
sum= sum+num
num=num+1
Wend
msgbox sum

Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (Using Do...Until...Loop)


Dim num, n, sum
n= inputbox ("Enter a Value")
sum=0
num=1
Do 
sum= sum+num
num=num+1
Loop Until num =cdbl (n+1)
msgbox sum

Write a Function for Natural Numbers sum up to n


Function NNumCou (n)
Dim num, sum
sum=0
For num= 1 to n step 1
sum= sum+num
Next
msgbox sum
End Function

Verify weather the entered 10 digit value is a numeric value or not


Dim a,x,y,z,num
num=Inputbox ("Enter a Phone Number")

d1= left (num,1)
d10=Right (num,1)
d2=mid (num, 2, len (1))
d3=mid (num, 3, len (1))
d4=mid (num, 4, len (1))
d5=mid (num, 5, len (1))
d6=mid (num, 6, len (1))
d7=mid (num, 7, len (1))
d8=mid (num, 8, len (1))
d9=mid (num, 9, len (1))


If isnumeric (d1) = "True" and isnumeric (d2) = "True" and isnumeric (d3) = "True" and isnumeric (d4) = "True"and isnumeric (d5) = "True"and isnumeric (d6) = "True"and isnumeric (d7) = "True"and isnumeric (d8) = "True"and isnumeric (d9) = "True"and isnumeric (d10) = "True" Then
msgbox "It is a Numeric Value"
else
Msgbox "It is NOT Numeric"
End If

Slightly upgraded logic


Dim a,x,y,z,num
num=Inputbox ("Enter a Phone Number")

d1= left (num,1)
d10=Right (num,1)
d2=mid (num, 2, len (1))
d3=mid (num, 3, len (1))
d4=mid (num, 4, len (1))
d5=mid (num, 5, len (1))
d6=mid (num, 6, len (1))
d7=mid (num, 7, len (1))
d8=mid (num, 8, len (1))
d9=mid (num, 9, len (1))

If len (num) =10 Then

If isnumeric (d1) = "True" and isnumeric (d2) = "True" and isnumeric (d3) = "True" and isnumeric (d4) = "True"and isnumeric (d5) = "True"and isnumeric (d6) = "True"and isnumeric (d7) = "True"and isnumeric (d8) = "True"and isnumeric (d9) = "True"and isnumeric (d10) = "True" Then
msgbox "It is a Numeric Value"
End If
End If

If len (num) <> 10 Then
Msgbox "It is NOT valid Number "
End If

How to read a number and verify that number Range weather in between 1 to 100 or 101 to 1000?


Option explicit
Dim a,x
a=Inputbox ("Enter a Vaule")
a=cdbl(a)
If a<= 100 Then
For x= 1 to 100
If a=x Then
msgbox "a is in between 1 to 100 range"
End If
Next
else
For x= 101 to 1000
If a=x Then
msgbox "a is in between 101 to 1000 range"
End If
Next
End If

How to check if a given letter is present in the given String ?

Yes, the interviewer wanted to know if I knew how to use the various Vbscript functions. That is why I needed to code in this way. It is not very efficient though but showed that I knew the VBscript inbuilt functions and how to use them.


Dim x
x=Inputbox ("Enter your String")
y=Inputbox ("Enter your search character")
x1=Right(x,1)
x2=Left (x,1)
x3=mid (x,2,Len(1))
x4=mid (x,3,Len(1))
y=len(x)
If y=4 Then
If x1=y or x2=y or x3=y or x4=y Then
msgbox y &" is there"
else
msgbox y &" is Not there"
End If
else
msgbox "Invalid Data"
End If

How to work with MSWORD in UFT?

The below snippet will open a word document and write something and save it as test.doc


Dim MyobjWD
Set MyobjWD = CreateObject("Word.Application")
MyobjWD.Documents.Add
MyobjWD.Selection.TypeText "This is some text." & Chr(13) & "This is some more text"
MyobjWD.ActiveDocument.SaveAs "D:\test.doc"
MyobjWD.Quit

How to count the number of occurance of a word in a given file?


sMyFileName="E:\test.txt"
sMyString="hello world"
Const FOR_READING = 1
Dim oFso, oTxtFile, sReadTxt, oRegEx, oMatches
Set oFso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set oTxtFile = oFso.OpenTextFile(sMyFileName, FOR_READING)
sReadTxt = oTxtFile.ReadAll
Set oRegEx = New RegExp
oRegEx.Pattern = sMyString
oRegEx.IgnoreCase = bIgnoreCase
oRegEx.Global = True
Set oMatches = oRegEx.Execute(sReadTxt)
MatchesFound = oMatches.Count
Set oTxtFile = Nothing : Set oFso = Nothing : Set oRegEx = Nothing
msgbox MatchesFound

How to Compare two test files in UFT?


Dim f1, f2
f1="e:\test1.txt"
f2="e:\test2.txt"
Public Function CompareFiles (FilePath1, FilePath2)
Dim FS, File1, File2
Set FS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

If FS.GetFile(FilePath1).Size <> FS.GetFile(FilePath2).Size Then
CompareFiles = True
Exit Function
End If
Set File1 = FS.GetFile(FilePath1).OpenAsTextStream(1, 0)
Set File2 = FS.GetFile(FilePath2).OpenAsTextStream(1, 0)

CompareFiles = False
Do While File1.AtEndOfStream = False
Str1 = File1.Read
Str2 = File2.Read

CompareFiles = StrComp(Str1, Str2, 0)

If CompareFiles <> 0 Then
CompareFiles = True
Exit Do
End If
Loop

File1.Close()
File2.Close()
End Function

Call Comparefiles(f1,f2)

If CompareFiles(f1, f2) = False Then
MsgBox "Files are identical."
Else
MsgBox "Files are different."
End If

How to implement Mid Function Without Using String Functions?

I tried to implement the mid function here. What I have done is
1.transfer the string to Array
2.then take the size of the array
3.k is the counter to check if it is equal to strtcut that is which position i need to cut and the length is the variable to understand till how much i need to cut.


Sub Macro1()
Call midexplained("Animesh", 2, 2)
'same as mid("Animesh",2,2)
End Sub
Function midexplained(inputq, strtcut, length)
Dim bText() As Byte
Dim j As Integer
j = 0
Dim k As Integer
k = 0
Dim a(999)
Dim n As String
Dim MyString As String: MyString = inputq
bText = MyString
For i = 0 To UBound(bText) - 1
If (bText(i) = 0) Then
Else
a(j) = Chr(bText(i))
j = j + 1
End If
Next
For k = 0 To UBound(a) - 1
If a(k) = "" Then
ElseIf k + 1 >= strtcut And k < ((strtcut + length) - 1) Then
n = n & a(k)
Else
End If
Next
MsgBox "value of n is " & trim(n)
End Function

The output for both the variable is the same.

How to Swap two number or two input strings?


sinp1=Inputbox("Enter the First string:")
sinp2=Inputbox("Enter the second string:")
scon=sinp1&sinp2
msgbox scon
lensinp1=len(sinp1)
lensinp2=len(sinp2)
lenscon=len(scon)
msgbox lensinp1
msgbox lensinp2
msgbox lenscon
'For i=1 to lenscon
'smid1=mid(scon,i,lensinp1)
'Next
'msgbox smid1
srght=right(scon, lensinp2)
msgbox "The swapped last name: " &srght
sleft=left(scon, lensinp1)
msgbox "The swapped first name: " &sleft
scon2=srght&sleft
msgbox "The swapped string:" & scon2

How to find the Dedcimal value of a given hexadecimal and vice varsa?


sinp=Inputbox("Enter the Hexadecimal number::")

slen=len(sinp)
c=0
For i=1 to slen
smid=mid(sinp,i,1)
If isnumeric(smid)=False Then
Select Case smid
Case "A" n=10
Case "B" n=11
Case "C" n=12
Case "D" n=13
Case "E" n=14
Case "F" n=15
End Select
c=c+cInt(n)*(16^(slen-i))
Else
c=c+cInt(smid)*(16^(slen-i))
End If
Next
msgbox ("The Decimal Equivalentof the Hex number:: "&sinp&"=" &c)

How to find out if a string is having numeric values or not?


sinp=Inputbox("Enter the String::")
slen=len(sinp)
For i=1 to slen
smid=mid(sinp,i,1)
If isnumeric(smid) Then
snum=snum & smid
tfchk=True
else
tfchk=false
End If
Next
If tfchk=True Then
msgbox snum
End If

Design a basic calculator that takes two input and and an operation as input and provide us the result.


Option explicit
Dim x,y, Operation, Result
x= Inputbox (" Enter x value")
y= Inputbox ("Enter y value")
Operation= Inputbox ("Enter an Operation")
Select Case Operation
  Case "add"
      Result= cdbl (x)+cdbl (y)
      Msgbox "Addition of x,y values is "&Result
  Case "sub"
      Result= x-y
      Msgbox "Substraction of x,y values is "&Result
  Case "mul"
    Result= x*y
      Msgbox "Multiplication of x,y values is "&Result
  Case "div"
      Result= x/y
      Msgbox "Division of x,y values is "&Result
  Case "mod"
      Result= x mod y
      Msgbox "Mod of x,y values is "&Result
  Case "expo"
      Result= x^y
      Msgbox"Exponentation of x,y values is "&Result
  Case Else
      msgbox "Wrong Operation"
End Select

How to Resize a window in QTP/UFT?


Syntax:
Max:
Objectname.maximize
min
Objectname.minimize
Restore:
Objectname.Restore
Move: This is not exactly a resizing command
Objectname.move x,y

How to extract numbers from String?

For example :

If we pass "There are 40 boys ", the function should return us 40.
Similarly, if we pass "Ticket is confirmed and the no is 56477" to the function , it should return me 56777.


Function extract_number(msg)
Dim re, matches, item, result
Set re = New RegExp
re.pattern = "[A-Za-z -.]*(\d+).*"
Set matches = re.Execute(msg)
If matches.Count > 0 Then
Set item = matches(0)
If item.SubMatches.Count > 0 Then
result = item.SubMatches(0)
Else
result = -1
End If
Else
result = -1
End If
extract_number = result
End Function

MsgBox extract_number("There are 40 boys")
MsgBox extract_number("Ticket is confirmed and the no is 56477")

Another way:


mystring = "The order is confirmed and its no is 567"
myLength = Len(mystring)

For i = 1 To myLength

If Asc(Mid(mystring, i, 1)) <> 32 Then
If Asc(Mid(mystring, i, 1)) >= 48 And Asc(Mid(mystring, i, 1)) <= 57 Then
myNumber = myNumber & Mid(mystring, i, 1)
End If
Else
msgbox("no numeric")
End If
Next

msgbox(myNumber)

How to Ping Other computer using VBScript?

This is a sample code on how to network with another computer. This will automatically open up the command prompt and ping to the particular machine. For combating the Network latency and delay I have used some delay in the programming too.
This is mostly applicable to the networking team and those who use com/dcom.


Set oWshShell = CreateObject("wscript.Shell")
Cmd = "ping 58.2.122.76"
Set oExec = oWshShell.Exec(Cmd)
Do While oExec.Status = 0
WScript.Sleep 60
Loop
0utput= oExec.StdOut.ReadAll
error_code = oExec.StdErr.ReadAll
MsgBox "Output: " & output & vbNewLine & vbNewLine & "Errors: " & error_code

Find out a number of occurrence of Substring within a string?


Syntax--
Call OSS(str,substring)


Function OSS(str,sbstring)
occ=split(str,sbstring)
oss=ubound(occ)
End Function

Exp--msgbox OSS("anianianianiani","ani")

how we can measure the time required for each component to execute in QTP?

This "TimeIt" will give us the time required to execute the particular component.This is applicable to any script along with components.


'//In the head of the script...
Dim StartTime, EndTime
StartTime = Timer

....your code 

EndTime = Timer


'//In the last line of the script component...

TimeIt = EndTime - StartTime

Write a code in QTP which will close a particular opened window in Desktop. Say I said only opened Notepads needs to be closed.



Set winobj=description.Create()
Set objdesk=desktop.ChildObjects(winobj)
cntobj=objdesk.count()
msgbox cntobj
sdt=Datatable.GetSheet("Global").GetParameter("OpenedApp")
cntrow=DataTable.GetSheet("Global").GetRowcount()
msgbox cntrow
For i=1 to cntobj
winapp1=objdesk(i).GetROProperty("text")
If Winapp1=sdt Then
.....
End If

Next

Write code on calling an action say the first action will take some input and will do some operation. Now the output of Action 1 will pass to Action 2. The output of Action-2 will go to Action-3. After finishing it will come back to Action1 and give the final output.



Action-1
a=inputbox("Enter a number:")

b=inputbox("Enter a number:")
isum=cint(a)+cint(b)
RunAction "Action2", oneIteration,isum,output
msgbox output
Action-2
imul=Inputbox("Enter a number to multiply:")

pmul=Parameter("C")*imul
Parameter("OUT")=pmul
RunAction "Action3", oneIteration, pmul, out
Parameter("OUT")=out
Action-3
Parameter("LAST")=Parameter("IN3")+5

Split a string and find the length

sinp=inputbox("Enter the Path:")

strsplit=split(sinp,"\")
slen=len(sinp)
cnt=0
For i=1 to slen
sms=mid(sinp,i,1)
If sms="\" Then
cnt=cnt+1
End If
Next
msgbox strsplit(cnt)

Sample Scenarios to Automate in QTP -Application: Mercury tours

Application: Mercury tours

1. Book a ticket in Mercury tours by logging with jojo and bean
2. Book ticket with credit card number expiry date as 2003, 2007, 2008 (total three test iterations)
3. Go to Itinerary and check recently booked itinerary is there with correct source and destination, date and time of booking
3. Check the functionality of cancel checked reservations with selecting a specific itinerary and without selecting. Report results accordingly.

Settings to be performed in Mercury tours application before creating the script:-

1. start server (start->programs->mercury tours->start server)
2. open mercury tours application
3. login as admin and mercury as password
4. Select Data driven popup error
5. Submit

How to get Test Path in QTP/UFT?


Set qtApp = CreateObject("QuickTest.Application") ' Create the Application objectqtpApp.Test.Location
TestLoc = qtApp.Test.Location
MsgBox TestLoc

Another way..


msgbox Environment("TestDir")

However, you need to save the test before the run. Else will give
1.not save
2.temp directory as output.

How to Send Email via VBScript?


Function SendMail(SendFrom, SendTo, Subject, Body)
Set objMail=CreateObject("CDONTS.Newmail")
ObjMail.From = SendFrom
ObjMail.To = SendTo
ObjMail.Subject = Subject
ObjMail.Body = Body
ObjMail.Send
Set objMail = Nothing
End Function


Function SendMail(SendTo, Subject, Body, Attachment)
Set ol=CreateObject("Outlook.Application")
Set Mail=ol.CreateItem(0)
Mail.to=SendTo
Mail.Subject=Subject
Mail.Body=Body
If (Attachment <> "") Then
Mail.Attachments.Add(Attachment)
End If
Mail.Send
ol.Quit
Set Mail = Nothing
Set ol = Nothing
End Function

How to add Defects to Quality Center from UFT/QTP/Vbscript?
Here is a sample code to Connects to Quality Center (TestDirector) from a QuickTest test and adds a bug to the database. This code was taken from here


Dim TDConnection
Set TDConnection = CreateObject("TDApiOle.TDConnection")
TDConnection.InitConnection "http://hpqc/tdbin" ' URL for the DB
TDConnection.ConnectProject "TD76","abc","xyz" ' Valid login information
If TDConnection.Connected Then
MsgBox("Connected to " + chr (13) + "Server " + TDConnection.ServerName _
+ chr (13) +"Project " + TDConnection.ProjectName )
Else
MsgBox("Not Connected")
End If
'Get the IBugFactory
Set BugFactory = TDConnection.BugFactory
'Add a new empty bug
Set Bug = BugFactory.AddItem (Nothing)
'Fill the bug with relevant parameters
Bug.Status = "New"
Bug.Summary = "Connecting to TD"
Bug.Priority = "4-Very High" ' depends on the DB
Bug.AssignedTo = "admin" ' user that must exist in the DB's users list
Bug.DetectedBy = "admin" ' user that must exist in the DB's users list
'Post the bug to database (commit)
Bug.Post

SequentialInputStream in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 06 Feb 2019 10:10:00 +0000

SequentialInputStream in Java

SequentialInputStream in Java:

SequentialInputStream converts two or more InputStream objects into one single InputStream. The constructor of SequentialInputStream takes two InputStream objects or an Enumeration for container of InputStream objects and produces one single Stream.

As a source of data,we need to connect it to a FilterInputStream object to provide an useful interface.

Interface Shape in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 22 Jan 2019 14:14:00 +0000

Interface Shape in Java

Interface Shape in Java:

Shape interface provides a generic information about all geometrical shapes in AWT. Shape provides a bounding box-a rectangle in which the shape is enclosed.

The interface structure of Shape is given as:


public abstract interface java.awt.Shape{
//method
public abstract Rectangle getBounds();
}

AWTEvent in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 22 Jan 2019 13:55:00 +0000

AWTEvent in Java

AWTEvent in Java:

AWTEvent is an abstract class that acts as a super class of all AWT events. As AWTEvent deals with Events, it has a source object which can be fetched using getSource() method. It also provides a id for every event which can be fetched by getID() method.

Subclasses of AWTEvent class defines various constants available in this class as a field type.

The abstract class AWTEvent is defined as:


public abstract class java.awt.AWTEvent extends 
                      java.util.EventObject{
//Constructors
public AWTEvent(Event event);
public AWTEvent(Object source, int id);
// Constants
public static final long ACTION_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long ADJUSTMENT_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long COMPONENT_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long CONTAINER_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long FOCUS_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long ITEM_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long KEY_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long MOUSE_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long MOUSE_MOTION_EVENT_MASK;
public static final int RESERVED_ID_MAX;
public static final long TEXT_EVENT_MASK;
public static final long WINDOW_EVENT_MASK;
//member variables
protected boolean consumed;
protected int id;
//methods
public int getID();
public String paramString();
public String toString();
protected void consume();
protected boolean isConsumed();
}

Bean Customizer in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 22 Jan 2019 13:44:00 +0000

Bean Customizer in Java

Bean Customizer in Java:

If a class (always a subclass of java.awt.Component ) want to customize a java bean , then it must implement Customizer interface and must define all the methods of the Customizer interface.

The class should have no argument constructor so that an application builder can invoke the same.

It is useful when we allow an user to easily configure the bean.(Configuration is like providing simply properties like keys and values).

The customizer class if present inside a java Bean,we need to associate it via BeanDescriptor object which it turn returned by BenaInfo class.

The interface of the Customizer is given as below:


public abstract interface java.bean.Customizer {
//Methods
public abstract void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
//this method is used to register PropertyChangedListener object.
public abstract void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
//this method is used to de-register PropertyChangedListener object.
public abstract void setObject(Object bean);
//If the Customizer class is created by none but the coder of the same bean class,
//it needs to be instantiated and used by application builder.Once it is instantiated,
// we need to call setObject() method to specify the bean object.
}

Bean Visibility in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 22 Jan 2019 11:09:00 +0000

Bean Visibility in Java

Bean Visibility in Java:

The interface Visibility needs to be implemented by an advanced bean irrespective of a GUI. This interface defines methods that allow the bean to specify if it requires a GUI and it also allows the environment to notify the bean about the availability of a GUI.

So there might be two cases:

If a Bean need GUI:

the method needsGui() returns true. If a bean is executing without a GUI,avoidingGui() should return true

If a Bean does not need GUI:

the method needsGui() returns false. So if no GUI is available the bean is notified with dontUseGui() and if a GUI is available the bean is notified with okToUseGui() The Structure of Visibility interface is given as:


public abstract interface java.beans.Visibility {
//Methods
public abstract boolean avoidingGui();
public abstract void dontUseGui();
public abstract boolean needsGui();
public abstract void okToUseGui();
}

AdjustmentEvent in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 22 Jan 2019 09:10:00 +0000

AdjustmentEvent in Java

AdjustmentEvent in Java:

Subclass of AdjustmentEvent class indicates that an adjustment has been made to an Adjustable object like ScrollBar.

The getID() method returns the type of an AdjustmentEvent (in general AWT components generate adjustment events of type AdjusmentEvent.ADJUSTMENT_VALUE_CHANGED).we can perform different types of adjustment to the Adjustable object that can be classified in the one of the five constants (when we call getAdjustmentType() method).

getValue() method returns the new value of Adjustable object. getAdjustable() returns the Adjustable object which is the source of the event.

The structure of the class AdjustmentEvent in Java is as follows:


public class java.awt.event.AdjustmentEvent extends
             java.awt.AWTEvent {
//Constructor
public AdjustmentEvent(Adjustable source, int id, int type, int value);
// Constants
public static final int ADJUSTMENT_FIRST;
public static final int ADJUSTMENT_LAST;
public static final int ADJUSTMENT_VALUE_CHANGED;
public static final int BLOCK_DECREMENT;//it indicates that the Adjustable 
//value has been decremented by multiple units.
public static final int BLOCK_INCREMENT;//it indicates that the Adjustable 
//value has been incremented by multiple units.
public static final int TRACK;// It indicates that that the Adjustable value
// has been set to an absolute value.
public static final int UNIT_DECREMENT;//it indicates that the Adjustable
//value has been decremented by one unit.
public static final int UNIT_INCREMENT;//it indicates that the Adjustable
//value has been incremented by one unit.
public Adjustable getAdjustable();
public int getAdjustmentType();
public int getValue();
public String paramString(); 
}

Mock Questions on ISTQB With Certification Guide

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Mon, 21 Jan 2019 11:45:00 +0000

Question Papers for ISTQB

Question Papers for ISTQB:

When I was preparing for ISTQB certification, I was going through the study materials provided by our guide and several other sites which was providing me the questions. Here are the set of questions that we can practice before we sit for the ISTQB certification.
In 1998-in britain the first approach of developping multi level qualififying programme was developed.
Indian Testing board:2005(foundation level)
Indian Testing board:2004(advanced level)

Different Testing boards:

The spanish Testing board:SSTQB
The German Testing Borard:GTB
International Software Quality institute-iSQI
Global association for software quality-gasq
ISTQB News letter
http://eepurl.com/cSXQ

This post will help to clear istqb foundation exam as well help you to answer the istqb questions for interview.

Few Terminologies for ISTQB Guide:

Test Scenario :

It can be a single test case or collection of test cases or test script.It is a particular situation that is verified by set of test cases.
Test Condition:
It can be a condition under which the test is performed. The pre-condition that is specified as a part of the test case is also a test condition.

Test Strategy :

It is the high level description of the testing activities that will be performed in the programme or the organization.

Test Plan :

A product venture test plan is a record that portrays the destinations, extension, approach and focal point of a product testing exertion. The way toward setting up a test plan is a helpful method to thoroughly consider the endeavors expected to approve the worthiness of a product item. The finished archive will help individuals outside the test amass comprehend the why and how of item approval. It ought to be intensive enough to be helpful, however not all that exhaustive that none outside the test gathering will most likely perused it.

It is the document that describes the

Scope
Approach of testing
Resource requirements
Entry criteria and Exit Criteria
Features that will be tested
Features that will not be tested
Cycles of testing (System, regression, adhoc..etc..)
Test environment.
Risks and the Contingency plan.

System Requirement Specification:

A structured collection of information that specifies the requirement of the system.
This is generally done by the Business Analyst. The information that is provided is generally a high level requirement. It is generally from an end user perspective.

Functional Requirement Specification

This is a much detailed list of the functions that the System is supposed to perform. It will be a good to design this document by the Business owner, Developer and QA .
It will consist of :Work Flow diagrams, Functions performed in each screen, Compliance requirement, operation of each screen.. etc.This will be usually for a particular release ( in case of iterative development) or Project.

Testing models

I suppose this is referring to the SDLC's. In that case, it depends on the product that is being developed.
It can be a Iterative Development.
It can be a W or V model.
Now a days it is agile or extreme development.

Error:

This is a human action that produces an incorrect result.E.g-Programming error.

Defect:

A incorrect flow in the system which does not give the actual output is called Defect.
E.g-Incorrect Statement

Failure:

A defect caught during execution may cause failure.Rather deviation from its original outcome.

Causes of software failure:

Human Error:
It may be introduced into a code to a system.

Reasons for it:

Time pressure
Complexity
Excessive demands
Wrong Understanding
Wrong Requirement
Distraction

Environmental Condition
Changes in the system Environment
Reason for it:

Magnetism
Radiation
Hard disk Crashes

Debugging and Software Testing:

Debugging is done by Developers and Software Testing is done by Testers
The objective of testing is to identify the defect. The objective of debugging is to rectify the identified defect.
A tester identifies the defect in Software Testing phase and sends to Development team to fix it. Developer then re-runs the code, identifies the cause of the defect and fixes the same. This is debugging.

Features of Software Testing and who performs it?

Test early and test often.
Integrate the application development and testing life cycles. You’ll get better results and you won’t have to mediate between two armed camps in your IT shop.
Formalize a testing methodology; you’ll test everything the same way and you’ll get uniform results.
Develop a comprehensive test plan; it forms the basis for the testing methodology.
Use both static and dynamic testing.
Define your expected results.
Understand the business reason behind the application. You’ll write a better application and better testing scripts.
Use multiple levels and types of testing (regression, systems, integration, stress and load).
Review and inspect the work, it will lower costs.
Don’t let your programmers check their own work; they’ll miss their own errors.
Software Testing is performed by Software Testers.

Limitations of Software Testing:

Software Testing can show the presence of errors; it cannot show the absence of errors

Suspension Criteria

If at any point during planned test execution the test entry criteria are found to be not satisfied, test execution will terminate until such time that the unsatisfactory condition is removed, at which point test execution shall resume.
Testing may be suspended for the following reasons:
1. Test Environment is unavailable or cannot be efficiently utilized due to performance or other issues.
2. Bug tracking tool is unavailable or cannot be efficiently utilized due to performance or other issues.
3. Smoke Test failure.
4. Production test data is unavailable.
5. Test data is invalid and causes component failure.
6. Insufficient knowledge transfer and no clarification for queries
7. Unscheduled outage
This will be all those point due to which testing can not happen

Resumption Criteria

Testing will be resumed when the cause of test suspension has been resolved and the testing team has been notified in accordance with the communication plan.

This is not entry and exit criteria.

Types of testing:

A Endurance Test is a typically a subset of Load test which talks about workload and load volumes anticipated during production operation. This is called as Soak testing as well.
As per Wiki..
This test is usually done to determine if the application can sustain the continuous expected load. During endurance tests, memory utilization is monitored to detect potential leaks. Also important, but often overlooked is performance degradation. That is, to ensure that the throughput and/or response times after some long period of sustained activity are as good or better than at the beginning of the test.

Smoke Vs Sanity Testing:

Smoke Test:

When a build is received, a smoke test is run to ascertain if the build is stable and it can be considered for further testing.Smoke testing can be done for testing the stability of any interim build.Smoke testing can be executed for platform qualification tests.

Sanity testing:

Once a new build is obtained with minor revisions, instead of doing a through regression, sanity is performed so as to ascertain the build has indeed rectified the issues and no further issue has been introduced by the fixes. It’s generally a subset of regression testing and a group of test cases are executed that are related with the changes made to the app.

Generally, when multiple cycles of testing are executed, sanity testing may be done during the later cycles after through regression cycles.

Smoke Vs Sanity Testing:

Smoke Testing	Sanity Testing
Smoke testing originated in the hardware testing practice of turning on a new piece of hardware for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch fire and smoke.	In software industry, smoke testing is a shallow and wide approach whereby all areas of the application without getting into too deep, is tested. A sanity test is a narrow regression test that focuses on one or a few areas of functionality. Sanity testing is usually narrow and deep.
A smoke test is scripted--either using a written set of tests or an automated test.	A sanity test is usually unscripted.
A Smoke test is designed to touch every part of the application in a cursory way. It's is shallow and wide.	A Sanity test is used to determine a small section of the application is still working after a minor change.
Smoke testing will be conducted to ensure whether the most crucial functions of a program work, but not bothering with finer details. (Such as build verification).	Sanity testing is a cursory testing; it is performed whenever a cursory testing is sufficient to prove the application is functioning according to specifications. This level of testing is a subset of regression testing.
Smoke testing is normal health check up to a build of an application before taking it to testing in depth.	Sanity testing is to verify whether requirements are met or not, checking all features breadth-first.

Software Quality-ISO/IEC-9126:

Functional Quality Attribute---
The focusess are:
1.Correctness: The functionality meets the required attributes.
2.Completeness:The functionality meets all reqirements
It includes--

1.Functionality

1.1. Suitability
1.2. Accuracy
1.3. Compliance
1.4. Interoperability
1.5. Security

2.Non -Functional Quality-Attributes

2.1. Reliability
2.2. Usuability
2.3. Efficiency
2.4. Maintability:
2.5. Portability

Type of quality Assurance(QA):

Constructive:This process is to prevent defect.

Objectives:

1.Defects need to be fixed
2.Defects need not to be repeated
It has two classifications:
1. Organizational
1.1.Guidelines
1.2.Standards
1.3.Checklist
1.4.Process rules and regulation
1.5.Legal requirements
2.Technicals
2.1.Methods
2.2.Tools
2.3.Languages
2.4.Lists/Templates
2.5.IDE(Integrated development environment)

Analytical:

This process for finding defect,leading to correcting defects and preventing failures.
Objectives:
1.Defects detected as early as possible.
2.Examination without execution.
3.defects finding executing the programme
It has 2 classification
1.Dynamic
1.1. Blackbox Technique
1.1.1. Equivalence Partitioning
1.1.2. Boundary value analysis
1.1.3. State Transition Testing
1.1.4. Decision Table
1.1.5. Use case based Testing
1.2. Experienced Based Testing
1.3. Whitebox based Teting
1.3.1. Statement coverage
1.3.2. Branch Coverage
1.3.3. Condition Coverage
1.3.4. Path Coverage
2.Static
2.1. Review/Walkthrough
2.2. Control flow analysis
2.3. Data Flow analysis
2.4. Computer metric

Bug Life cycle:

The standard Bug life cycle which i have collected from Bugzilla....is given below

Generally,what we use to follow...More simplified version of the above is ...

Refused vs Could not Reproduce Vs Rejected bugs:

Refused:

I have heard about this term first time. After a lot of research i came a conclusion that few of the bug tracking tool uses that information.

this can happen in two different manner

Could not reproduce:

If developer is not able to reproduce the bug by the steps given in bug report by QA then developer can mark the bug as ‘CNR’. QA needs action to check if bug is reproduced and can assign to developer with detailed reproducing steps.Generally most of the cases are environment issues.

or might be developer Need more information: If developer is not clear about the bug reproduce steps provided by QA to reproduce the bug, then he/she can mark it as “Need more information’. In this case QA needs to add detailed reproducing steps and assign bug back to dev for fix.

Rejected:

Some times developer or team lead can mark the bug as Rejected or invalid if the system is working according to specifications and bug is just due to some misinterpretation.

What is difference between Retesting and Regression Testing?

Well we generally get confused by this two terms Retesting and Regression Testing. Few of us think that both are same. By the term retesting they mean that we need to test the same application again and for regression again we need to test end to end.

Retesting:

It is a type of testing after bug fix.Say testers raise few defects for a build.Now developers will fix those bugs and will give testers to test the application.This time testing team will evaluate the bug fixes. So they will go through all defects and check if these are really fixed or not.If the defect is fixed then tester should close this defect else it will be reopen state and assign back to the developers.
This process is called Retesting.

Regression Testing:

Now think about this scenario, when developers are fixing any defects or modifying codes , Testers need to make sure that due this enhancement there is no harm impact happened on the application.Say changing code somewhere impacts other location.So those test cases which are passed previously began to fail and lead application to a serious failure.To prevent this after modification Testers suppose to test the entire application end to end to check the integrity of the application.
This is called regression Testing.

What is ECP(Equivalence partitioning)?

Equivalence partitioning is black-box testing method

--Divide the input domain of a program into classes of data
--Derive test cases based on these partitions
An equivalence class represents a set of valid or invalid states for input condition.

An input condition is:

--A specific number value , a range of values
--A set of related values, or a Boolean condition

Types of Bugs:

It is extremely important to understand the type & importance of every bug detected during the testing & its subsequent effect on the users of the subject software application being tested.

Such information is helpful to the developers and the management in deciding the urgency or priority of fixing the bug during the product-testing phase.
Following Severity Levels are assigned during the Testing Phase:

Critical defects

Critical is the most dangerous level, which does not permit continuance of the testing effort beyond a particular point. Critical situation can arise due to popping up of some error message or crashing of the system leading to forced full closure or semi closure of the application. Criticality of the situation can be judged by the fact that any type of workaround is not feasible. A bug can fall into "Critical" category in case of some menu option being absent or needing special security permissions to gain access to the desired function being tested.Sometimes we call it stopper.Typically
1. Wrong functionality
2. Fundamental problem comes under this.

High priority defects:

High impact bug is a level of major defect under which the product fails to behave according to the desired expectations or it can lead to malfunctioning of some other functions thereby causing failure to meet the customer requirements. Bugs under this category can be tackled through some sort of workaround. Examples of bugs of this type can be mistake in formulas for calculations or incorrect format of fields in the database causing failure in updating of records. Likewise there can be many instances.
like..
1.Calculation Defects
2. Improper Service Levels (Control flow defects)
3. Interpreting Data Defects
4. Race Conditions (Compatibility and Intersystem defects)
5. Load Conditions (Memory Leakages under load)
6.Hardware Failures

Medium priority defects:

Medium defects falling under this category of medium or average severity do not have performance effect on the application. But these defects are certainly not acceptable due to non-conformance to the standards or companies vide conventions. Medium level bugs are comparatively easier to tackle since simple workarounds are possible to achieve desired objectives for performance. Examples of bugs of this type can be mismatch between some visible link compared with its corresponding text link.
exp:
1.Boundary Related Defects
2.Error Handling Defects

Low-Priority defect:

Defects falling under low priority or minor defect category are the ones, which do not have effect on the functionality of the product. Low severity failures generally do not happen during normal usage of the application and have very less effect on the business. Such types of bugs are generally related to looks & feel of the user interface & are mainly cosmetic in nature.
exp:
1.User Interface Defects

What is the next step when we find a bug?

When a bug is found, it needs to be communicated and assigned to developers that can fix it. After the problem is resolved, fixes should be re-tested. Additionally, determinations should be made regarding requirements, software, hardware, safety impact, etc., for regression testing to check the fixes didn't create other problems elsewhere. If a problem-tracking system is in place, it should encapsulate these determinations. A variety of commercial, problem-tracking/management software tools are available. These tools, with the detailed input of software test engineers, will give the team complete information so developers can understand the bug, get an idea of its severity, reproduce it and fix it.

Alpha Testing Vs Beta Testing

In today's system, the role of the customer while developing a system is very important. Typically, software goes through two stages of testing before it is considered finished. The first stage, called alpha testing, is often performed only by users within the organization developing the software. The second stage, called beta testing, generally involves a limited number of external users.

Alpha Testing:

Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software goes to beta testing--wiki

Beta testing

Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Sometimes, beta versions are made available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a maximal number of future users---wiki

beta test

A test for a computer product prior to commercial release. Beta testing is the last stage of testing, and normally can involve sending the product to beta test sites outside the company for real-world exposure or offering the product for a free trial download over the Internet. Beta testing is often preceded by a round of testing called alpha testing

Q: What does "Beta" mean?

A: Beta testing is the process of taking software which is in the process of development and giving it to a larger group of users to test. While the testing done in our laboratory is extensive, beta testing will expose many problems not found in our laboratory testing by exposing the software to a much broader range of uses and environments. We beta test software and services because no laboratory can possibly cover every use and set of conditions that will exist after the software has been released.
The free version software available to use from any company is Beta release.

What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

Q: What is verification?

A: Verification ensures the product is designed to deliver all functionality to the customer; it typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications; this can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs and inspection meetings.

Q: What is validation?

A: Validation ensures that functionality, as defined in requirements, is the intended behavior of the product; validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verification are completed.

Traceability in Projects

4 Different Types Of Traceability in Projects:

Vertical traceability:

It identifies the origin of items (e.g., customer needs) and follows these same items as they travel through the hierarchy of the Work Breakdown Structure to the project teams and eventually to the customer. When the requirements are managed well, traceability can be established from the source requirement to its lower level requirements and from the lower level requirements back to their source. Such bidirectional traceability helps determine that all source requirements have been completely addressed and that all lower level requirements can be traced to a valid source. Horizontal traceability is also important and is mentioned in sub-practice 3, but it is not required to satisfy bidirectional traceability.

Horizontal traceability :

It identifies the relationships among related items across workgroups or product components for the purpose of avoiding potential conflicts. It enables the project to anticipate potential problems (and mitigate or solve them) before integration testing. For example, horizontal traceability would follow related requirements across two work groups working on two associated components of a product. The traceability across these two work groups enables the work groups to see when and how a change in a requirement for one of the components may affect the other component. Thus, horizontal traceability enables the project to anticipate potential problems (and mitigate or solve them) before integration testing.
In business terms:--

Vertical traceability:

This Traceability `from requirements through the associated life-cycle work products of architecture specifications, detailed designs, Code, unit test plans, integration test plans, system test plans, so forth and back"

Horizontal traceability:

It refers to the traceability from the requirements to the associated plans such as the project plan, quality assurance plan, configuration management plan, risk management plan, and so forth

BigDecimal Class in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Sun, 20 Jan 2019 13:31:00 +0000

BigDecimal Class in Java

BigDecimal supports arbitrary precision floating point rational numbers.A BigDecimal object provides a great way to represent a real number that exceeds the range or precision that can be represented by double value or the rounding that is done on a double value is acceptable.We can use them for accurate calculations like monetary or financial application .
BigDecimal representation consists of an unlimited precision integer value and an integer scale factor.The scale factor indicates a power of 10 that the integer value is implicitly divided by.
BigDecimal objects are represented as an integer of arbitrary size and an scale that represents the number of decimal places in the given BigDecimal.
BigDecimal is useful when we do comparisons and mathematical operations with other BigDecimal objects.If during operation such a division needs a rounding method,the BigDecimal defines constants to represent the different rounding method.

How BigDecimal is represented?

If the BigDecimal value is represented by 456.7892 then the integer value is 4567892 abd scale factor is 4.

Scale factor can not be negative and BigDecimal number can not overflow.

The structure of the BigDecimal class is given as:


public class java.math.BigDecimal extends
             java.lang.Number {
//Constructors
public BigDecimal(String val) throws NumberFormatException;
public BigDecimal(double val) throws NumberFormatException;
public BigDecimal(BigInteger val);
public BigDecimal(BigInteger val, int scale) throws NumberFormatException;
// Constants
public static final int ROUND_CEILING;
//A rounding method towards positive infinity.The value is rounded to the least
//integer greater than equal to its value.Example 3.5 is rounded to 4 and -3.5 
//is rounded to -3
public static final int ROUND_DOWN;
//A rounding method towards zero.This is used during truncation.
//Example 3.5 is rounded to 5 and -3.5 is rounded to -3
public static final int ROUND_FLOOR;
//A rounding method towards negative infinity.The value is rounded to the greater 
//integer less than equal to its value.Example 3.5 is rounded to 3 and -3.5 
//is rounded to -4
public static final int ROUND_HALF_DOWN;
//A rounding method where the digit prior to a discarded fraction if the fraction
//is greater than .5,otherwise the the digit remains same.
//Example- 3.5 rouns to 3,3.51 rounds to 4
// -3.5 rounds to -3 and -3.54 rounds to -4 
public static final int ROUND_HALF_EVEN;
public static final int ROUND_HALF_UP;
public static final int ROUND_UNNECESSARY;
public static final int ROUND_UP;
//Methods
public static BigDecimal valueOf(long val, int scale) throws NumberFormatException;
public static BigDecimal valueOf(long val);
public BigDecimal abs();
public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal val);
public int compareTo(BigDecimal val);
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal val, int scale, int roundingMode) throws 
ArithmeticException, IllegalArgumentException;
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal val, int roundingMode) throws 
ArithmeticException, IllegalArgumentException;
public double doubleValue();
public boolean equals(Object x);
public float floatValue(); 
public int hashCode();
public int intValue(); 
public long longValue(); 
public BigDecimal max(BigDecimal val);
public BigDecimal min(BigDecimal val);
public BigDecimal movePointLeft(int n);
public BigDecimal movePointRight(int n);
public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal val);
public BigDecimal negate();
public int scale();
public BigDecimal setScale(int scale, int roundingMode) throws
ArithmeticException, IllegalArgumentException;
public BigDecimal setScale(int scale) throws ArithmeticException,
IllegalArgumentException;
public int signum();
public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal val);
public BigInteger toBigInteger();
public String toString(); 
}

BigInteger Class In Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Sun, 20 Jan 2019 10:35:00 +0000

BigInteger Class In Java
BigInteger Class In Java:

BigInteger supports arbitrary precision integers.This means that we can accurately represent integral values of any size without loosing any information during operation. BigInteger is not limited to 64 bits (like long) . This class defines some methods that does the same thing as normal arithmetic operator or bit manipulation operators does.

The structure of the BigInteger class defined as:



public class java.math.BigInteger extends
             java.lang.Number {
//Constructors
public BigInteger(byte[] val) throws NumberFormatException;
public BigInteger(int signum, byte[] magnitude) throws NumberFormatException;
public BigInteger(String val, int radix) throws NumberFormatException;
public BigInteger(String val) throws NumberFormatException;
public BigInteger(int numBits, Random rndSrc) throws IllegalArgumentException;
public BigInteger(int bitLength, int certainty, Random rnd);
//Methods
public static BigInteger valueOf(long val);
public BigInteger abs();
public BigInteger add(BigInteger val) throws ArithmeticException;
public BigInteger and(BigInteger val);
public BigInteger andNot(BigInteger val);
public int bitCount();
public int bitLength();
public BigInteger clearBit(int n) throws ArithmeticException;
public int compareTo(BigInteger val);
public BigInteger divide(BigInteger val) throws ArithmeticException;
public BigInteger[] divideAndRemainder(BigInteger val) throws ArithmeticException;
public double doubleValue();
public boolean equals(Object x);
public BigInteger flipBit(int n) throws ArithmeticException;
public float floatValue(); 
public BigInteger gcd(BigInteger val);
public int getLowestSetBit();
public int hashCode(); 
public int intValue();
public boolean isProbablePrime(int certainty);
public long longValue();
public BigInteger max(BigInteger val);
public BigInteger min(BigInteger val);
public BigInteger mod(BigInteger m);
public BigInteger modInverse(BigInteger m) throws ArithmeticException;
public BigInteger modPow(BigInteger exponent, BigInteger m);
public BigInteger multiply(BigInteger val);
public BigInteger negate();
public BigInteger not();
public BigInteger or(BigInteger val);
public BigInteger pow(int exponent) throws ArithmeticException;
public BigInteger remainder(BigInteger val) throws ArithmeticException;
public BigInteger setBit(int n) throws ArithmeticException;
public BigInteger shiftLeft(int n);
public BigInteger shiftRight(int n);
public int signum();
public BigInteger subtract(BigInteger val);
public boolean testBit(int n) throws ArithmeticException;
public byte[] toByteArray();
public String toString(int radix);
public String toString();
public BigInteger xor(BigInteger val);
}

ItemSelectable interface in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 16:43:00 +0000

ItemSelectable interface in Java

ItemSelectable interface in Java:

ItemSelectable is an abstract interface that represents one or more items to the user and allow users to select zero or more from them.

The structure of ItemSelectable interface is given as:


public abstract interface java.awt.ItemSelectable {
//Methods
public abstract void addItemListener(ItemListener itl);
//adds ItemListener objects to be notified when an item is selected.
public abstract Object[] getSelectedObjects();
//Returns an array of selected objects or null.
public abstract void removeItemListener(ItemListener itl);
//removes ItemListener objects to be notified when an item is selected.
}

Adjustable interface in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 11:14:00 +0000

Adjustable interface in Java

Adjustable interface in Java:

Adjustable interface are applicable to the application which maintain an user adjustable numeric value by implementing several methods defined here.

The user specific value should have a maximum and a minimum value. These value can be incremented at a time or a block at a time. A simple example of Adjustable interface is the ScrollBar of an application.

An Adjustable object generates an AdjustmentEvent that is adjusted and it maintains a list of adjustmentListener objects which may be notified when such an event occurs. Like Scollbar up and down and displays the values.

The interface Adjustable is defined as:


public abstract interface java.awt.Adjustable {
// Constants
public static final int HORIZONTAL;
public static final int VERTICAL;
//Methods
public abstract void addAdjustmentListener(AdjustmentListener l);
public abstract int getBlockIncrement();
public abstract int getMaximum();
public abstract int getMinimum();
public abstract int getOrientation();
public abstract int getUnitIncrement();
public abstract int getValue();
public abstract int getVisibleAmount();
public abstract void removeAdjustmentListener(AdjustmentListener l);
public abstract void setBlockIncrement(int b);
public abstract void setMaximum(int max);
public abstract void setMinimum(int min);
public abstract void setUnitIncrement(int u);
public abstract void setValue(int v);
public abstract void setVisibleAmount(int v);
}

DecimalFormat in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 11:00:00 +0000

DecimalFormat in Java

DecimalFormat in Java:

DecimalFormat class is subclass of Format class mostly used by NumberFormat class.

DecimalFormat works for all locales. It uses the base 10.

Most of the applications can use the static methods of NumberFormat to get the object for a desired locale and can perform minor locale independent customization on that object.

DecimalFormat uses pattern to format and parse the customized number.

The pattern of DecimalFormat may be as follows:

Character	Meaning
#	A digit,zeros shows as absent
0	A digit ,zeros shows as 0
.	Locale specific decimal separator
,	Locale specific grouping separator
-	Locale specific negative prefix
%	Show value in percentage
;	Separates positive number format from optional negative number format positive numbers are on left negative numbers on right
'	Reserved character shown in the output
other	shown in the output

We can provide pattern like-"$#,###0.00" etc.If we do not specify the format or pattern, the default local specific format is used

The class structure DecimalFormat is given as:


public class java.text.DecimalFormat extends 
             java.text.NumberFormat {
//Constructors
public DecimalFormat();
public DecimalFormat(String pattern);
public DecimalFormat(String pattern, DecimalFormatSymbols symbols);
//Methods
public void applyLocalizedPattern(String pattern);
public void applyPattern(String pattern);
public Object clone(); 
public boolean equals(Object obj); 
public StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer result,FieldPosition fieldPosition); 
public StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer result,FieldPosition fieldPosition); 
public DecimalFormatSymbols getDecimalFormatSymbols();
public int getGroupingSize();
public int getMultiplier();
public String getNegativePrefix();
public String getNegativeSuffix();
public String getPositivePrefix();
public String getPositiveSuffix();
public int hashCode(); 
public boolean isDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown();
public Number parse(String text, ParsePosition status); 
public void setDecimalFormatSymbols(DecimalFormatSymbols newSymbols);
public void setDecimalSeparatorAlwaysShown(boolean newValue);
public void setGroupingSize(int newValue);
public void setMultiplier(int newValue);
public void setNegativePrefix(String newValue);
public void setNegativeSuffix(String newValue);
public void setPositivePrefix(String newValue);
public void setPositiveSuffix(String newValue);
public String toLocalizedPattern();
public String toPattern();
}

AreaAveragingScaleFilter in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 10:42:00 +0000

AreaAveragingScaleFilter in Java

AreaAveragingScaleFilter in Java:

AreaAveragingScaleFilter helps in scaling of an image to a specified pixels size. AreaAveragingScaleFilter also helps to communicate between image filter and the FilteredImageSource. To use this filter effectively, we can call Image.getScaledInstance() method with a hint constant.

AreaAveragingScaleFilter uses a scaling algorithm that averages the adjacent pixel values when shrinking or expanding an image. This algorithm produced a smooth scaled version of the image. However there is a super class of AreaAveragingScaleFilter called ReplicateScaleFilter uses a faster,no so smooth scaling algorithm.

The class Structure of AreaAveragingScaleFilter in Java is given as:


public class java.awt.image.AreaAveragingScaleFilter extends 
             java.awt.image.ReplicateScaleFilter{
//Constructor
public AreaAveragingScaleFilter(int width, int height);
//Methods
public void setHints(int hints);
public void setPixels(int x, int y, int w, int h, ColorModel model,
byte[] pixels, int off, int scansize);
public void setPixels(int x, int y, int w, int h, ColorModel model, int[]
pixels, int off, int scansize);
}

SimpleDateFormat in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 10:02:00 +0000

SimpleDateFormat in Java

SimpleDateFormat in Java:

SimpleDateFormat is sub class of Format class to handle parsing and formatting of dates. We can not use the SimpleDateFormat class directly as the Date may be affected by locale. It is used mostly by DateFormat class by getting the locale info.

SimpleDateFormat class is helpful to format a specified date and time as per specified patterns for a default locale or predefined locale.

The applyPattern() method of the SimpleDateFormat clas is responsible for formatting the pattern used by an object.

The pattern table is given as:

On Filed	Full Pattern	Short Pattern
Year	yyyy (4 digits)	yy (2 digits)
Month	MMM (Name)	MM (2 digits) M (1/2 digits)
Day of Week	EEEE	EE
Day of the Month	dd (2 digits)	d (1/2 digits)
Day of week in month	F
Day in year	DDD (3 digits)	D (1/2/3 digits)
Week in year	ww
Era	G
Timezone	zzzz	zz
AM/PM	a
Hours [ 0-12]	hh (2 digits)	h (1/2 digits)
Hours [ 0-23]	HH (2 digits)	H (1/2 digits)
Hours [0-11]	KK	K
Hours [1-24]	kk	k
Minutes	mm
Second	ss
Miliseconds	SSS

The Structure of SimpleDateFormat in Java is given as:


public class java.text.SimpleDateFormat extends 
             java.text.DateFormat {
//Constructors
public SimpleDateFormat();
public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern);
public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, Locale loc);
public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, DateFormatSymbols formatData);
//Methods
public void applyLocalizedPattern(String pattern);
public void applyPattern(String pattern);
public Object clone(); 
public boolean equals(Object obj); 
public StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
FieldPosition pos);
public DateFormatSymbols getDateFormatSymbols();
public int hashCode(); 
public Date parse(String text, ParsePosition pos);
public void setDateFormatSymbols(DateFormatSymbols newFormatSymbols);
public String toLocalizedPattern();
public String toPattern();
}

Array Class in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 09:20:00 +0000

Array Class in Java

Array Class in Java:

In this post I have talked about Array concepts and how to use it.In this post we are going to check the structure of class Array. Array class contains set of methods that set a value or query from the set of homogeneous objects.. This class also provide us method

To determine the size of Array
How to create a new instance of an Array.
How to manipulate an Array.

The methods of Array class class are static that applies to all array values.

The class structure of Array is given as:


public final class java.lang.reflect.Array extends
                   java.lang.Object {
//Methods
public static native Object get(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native boolean getBoolean(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native byte getByte(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native char getChar(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native double getDouble(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native float getFloat(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native int getInt(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native int getLength(Object array) 
throws IllegalArgumentException;
public static native long getLong(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native short getShort(Object array, int index) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static Object newInstance(Class componentType, int length) 
throws NegativeArraySizeException;
public static Object newInstance(Class componentType, int[] dimensions) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, NegativeArraySizeException;
public static native void set(Object array, int index, Object value)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setBoolean(Object array, int index, boolean z)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setByte(Object array, int index, byte b)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setChar(Object array, int index, char c) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setDouble(Object array, int index, double d)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setFloat(Object array, int index, float f)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setInt(Object array, int index, int i) 
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setLong(Object array, int index, long l)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
public static native void setShort(Object array, int index, short s)
throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
}

The get() method returns the element at the specified index as an Object. If the array elements are primitive data type,the value is converted to equivalent Wrapper class and returned.
we can use

getInteger()
getBytes()
getChar()
getDouble()

methods to query an Array to get primitive types.

Container Class In Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 08:35:00 +0000

Container Class In Java

Container Class In Java:

Container class can hold other components in Java application. It implements the Component class to hold or contain these other components.We need to use its sub classes like Panel,Frame,Dialog etc to hold components. We can not directly instantiate Container class.The Container , once created,can hold objects and position them using LayoutManager.

The structure of Container Class is given as:


public abstract class java.awt.Container extends
                      java.awt.Component {
// Constructor
protected Container();
// Methods
public Component add(Component comp);
public Component add(String name, Component comp);
public Component add(Component comp, int index);
public void add(Component comp, Object constraints);
public void add(Component comp, Object constraints, int index);
public void addContainerListener(ContainerListener l);
public void addNotify(); 
public int countComponents();
public void deliverEvent(Event e); 
public void doLayout(); 
public float getAlignmentX(); 
public float getAlignmentY(); 
public Component getComponent(int n);
public Component getComponentAt(int x, int y); 
public Component getComponentAt(Point p); 
public int getComponentCount();
public Component[] getComponents();
public Insets getInsets();
public LayoutManager getLayout();
public Dimension getMaximumSize(); 
public Dimension getMinimumSize(); 
public Dimension getPreferredSize(); 
public Insets insets();
public void invalidate(); 
public boolean isAncestorOf(Component c);
public void layout(); 
public void list(PrintStream out, int indent); 
public void list(PrintWriter out, int indent); 
public Component locate(int x, int y); 
public Dimension minimumSize(); 
public void paint(Graphics g); 
public void paintComponents(Graphics g);
public Dimension preferredSize(); 
public void print(Graphics g); 
public void printComponents(Graphics g);
public void remove(int index);
public void remove(Component comp);
public void removeAll();
public void removeContainerListener(ContainerListener l);
public void removeNotify(); 
public void setLayout(LayoutManager mgr);
public void validate(); 
protected void addImpl(Component comp, Object constraints, int index);
protected String paramString(); 
protected void processContainerEvent(ContainerEvent e);
protected void processEvent(AWTEvent e); 
protected void validateTree();
}

Calendar Class in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Wed, 16 Jan 2019 08:21:00 +0000

Calendar in Java
Calendar Class in Java:

Calendar class is an abstract class which provides several methods to perform date and time arithmetic. Calendar class also helps to convert dates and time to and from the millisecond format used by other Date class. The format can be minutes,hours,days,weeks, year. All these format can be either consumable by human or machine.
We can not directly instantiate Calendar class, it provides getInstance() method to get the default locale or default time zone or a specific locale or a specific timezone.

The Structure of the Calendar class is given as:


public abstract class Calendar extends Object implements Serializable, Cloneable {
//Constructors
protected Calendar();
protected Calendar(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale);
// Constants
public static final int FIELD_COUNT;
// Member elements -Date anf Time Field constants
public static final int ERA;
public static final int YEAR;
public static final int MONTH;
public static final int WEEK_OF_YEAR, WEEK_OF_MONTH;
public static final int DATE, DAY_OF_MONTH;
public static final int DAY_OF_YEAR, DAY_OF_WEEK, DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH;
public static final int ZONE_OFFSET, DST_OFFSET;
public static final int AM_PM;
public static final int HOUR, HOUR_OF_DAY;
public static final int MINUTE;
public static final int SECOND;
public static final int MILLISECOND;
public static final int JANUARY, FEBRUARY, MARCH, APRIL;
public static final int MAY, JUNE, JULY, AUGUST;
public static final int SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, DECEMBER;
public static final int UNDECIMBER;
public static final int SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY;
public static final int THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY;
public static final int AM, PM;
protected boolean areFieldsSet;
protected int[] fields;
protected boolean[] isSet;
protected boolean isTimeSet;
protected long time;
//Methods
public static synchronized Locale[] getAvailableLocales();
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance();
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone);
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance(Locale aLocale);
public static synchronized Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale);
public abstract void add(int field, int amount);
public abstract boolean after(Object when);
public abstract boolean before(Object when);
public final void clear();
public final void clear(int field);
public Object clone(); // Overrides Object
public abstract boolean equals(Object when); 
public final int get(int field);
public int getFirstDayOfWeek();
public abstract int getGreatestMinimum(int field);
public abstract int getLeastMaximum(int field);
public abstract int getMaximum(int field);
public int getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek();
public abstract int getMinimum(int field);
public final Date getTime();
public TimeZone getTimeZone();
public boolean isLenient();
public final boolean isSet(int field);
public abstract void roll(int field, boolean up);
public final void set(int field, int value);
public final void set(int year, int month, int date);
public final void set(int year, int month, int date, int hour, int minute);
public final void set(int year, int month, int date, int hour, int minute, int second);
public void setFirstDayOfWeek(int value);
public void setLenient(boolean lenient);
public void setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek(int value);
public final void setTime(Date date);
public void setTimeZone(TimeZone value);
protected void complete();
protected abstract void computeFields();
protected abstract void computeTime();
protected long getTimeInMillis();
protected final int internalGet(int field);
protected void setTimeInMillis(long millis);
}

AWTEventMulticaster in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 15 Jan 2019 08:20:00 +0000

AWTEventMulticaster in Java
AWTEventMulticaster in Java:

AWTEventMulticaster is helpful for writing custom AWT components. As the name suggests when we invoke one of the EventListener methods on AWTEventMulticaster, it invokes the same method on the EventListener objects. AWTEventMulticaster implements the linked list of EventListener objects.AWTEventMulticaster helps to notify the listeners on that list upon occurring an event, hence it can serve any desired ty of EventListener.We can use add() and remove() methods to add or remove EventListener objects from the Linked list.

The Structure of the AWTEventMulticaster :


public class java.awt.AWTEventMulticaster extends
             java.lang.Object implements 
             java.awt.event.ComponentListener, 
             java.awt.event.ContainerListener,
             java.awt.event.FocusListener, 
             java.awt.event.KeyListener, 
             java.awt.event.MouseListener, 
             java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener, 
             java.awt.event.WindowListener,
             java.awt.event.ActionListener,
             java.awt.event.ItemListener, 
             java.awt.event.AdjustmentListener, 
TextListener {
//Constructor
protected AWTEventMulticaster(EventListener a, EventListener b);
// Member variables
protected EventListener a;
protected EventListener b;
// Methods
public static ComponentListener add(ComponentListener a,ComponentListener b);
public static ContainerListener add(ContainerListener a,ContainerListener b);
public static FocusListener add(FocusListener a, FocusListener b);
public static KeyListener add(KeyListener a, KeyListener b);
public static MouseListener add(MouseListener a, MouseListener b);
public static MouseMotionListener add(MouseMotionListener a,MouseMotionListener b);
public static WindowListener add(WindowListener a, WindowListener b);
public static ActionListener add(ActionListener a, ActionListener b);
public static ItemListener add(ItemListener a, ItemListener b);
public static AdjustmentListener add(AdjustmentListener a,AdjustmentListener b);
public static TextListener add(TextListener a, TextListener b);
protected static EventListener addInternal(EventListener a, EventListener b);
public static ComponentListener remove(ComponentListener l,ComponentListener oldl);
public static ContainerListener remove(ContainerListener l,ContainerListener oldl);
public static FocusListener remove(FocusListener l, FocusListener oldl);
public static KeyListener remove(KeyListener l, KeyListener oldl);
public static MouseListener remove(MouseListener l, MouseListener oldl);
public static MouseMotionListener remove(MouseMotionListener l,MouseMotionListener oldl);
public static WindowListener remove(WindowListener l, WindowListener oldl);
public static ActionListener remove(ActionListener l, ActionListener oldl);
public static ItemListener remove(ItemListener l, ItemListener oldl);
public static AdjustmentListener remove(AdjustmentListener l,AdjustmentListener oldl);
public static TextListener remove(TextListener l, TextListener oldl);
protected static EventListener removeInternal(EventListener l,EventListener oldl);
protected static void save(ObjectOutputStream outputstream, String k, EventListener l) throws IOException;
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e); 
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e);
public void componentAdded(ContainerEvent e); 
public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e); 
public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e); 
public void componentRemoved(ContainerEvent e); 
public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e); 
public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e); 
public void focusGained(FocusEvent e); 
public void focusLost(FocusEvent e); 
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e); 
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e); 
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e); 
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e);
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e); 
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e); 
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e); 
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e); 
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e); 
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e); 
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e); 
public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e); 
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e);
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e);
protected EventListener remove(EventListener oldl);
protected void saveInternal(ObjectOutputStream outputstream, String k) throws IOException;
}

WindowAdapter Class in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Tue, 15 Jan 2019 07:06:00 +0000

WindowAdapter Class in Java
WindowAdapter Class in Java:

WindowAdapter is an implementation of the WindowListener interface. It contains empty bodies for each of the methods of WindowListener. When we do not need to implement all the methods of WindowListener interface, Subclass -WindowAdapter helps us there.

The structure of WindowAdapter is given as:


public abstract class WindowAdapter extends Object implements WindowListener {
// Constructor: 
public WindowAdapter();
//Methods
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e); 
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e); 
}

ImageProducer interface in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Mon, 14 Jan 2019 16:29:00 +0000

ImageProducer interface in Java

ImageProducer Class in Java:

ImageProducer interface defines all the methods that a class must define while producing an image. This class enables us to communicate with ImageConsumer classes. Any ImageConsumer class express its interest and register itself by calling addComponent() method.

The structure of ImageProducer interface in Java is given as:


public abstract interface java.awt.image.ImageProducer{
//methods
public abstract void addConsumer(ImageConsumer ic);
public abstract void removeConsumer(ImageConsumer ic);
public abstract void requestTopDownLeftRightResend(ImageConsumer ic);
public abstract void startProduction(ImageConsumer ic);
public abstract boolean isConsumer(ImageConsumer ic);

PopupMenu in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Mon, 14 Jan 2019 16:17:00 +0000

PopupMenu in Java

PopupMenu in Java:

PopupMenu is the subclass of Menu class. It represents the popup menu instead of traditional dropdown or pull-down menu. Whenever user event calls it show() method it pops up.

A PopupMenu can be associated with any graphical component in the user interface. we can call add() method to associate the PopupMenu to any component.

Platforms may implement platform specific PopupMenu but since Java is a platform independent language, it implements platform indepency by calling isPopupTrigger() method defined in the MouseEvent class. If the method returns true, MouseEvent represents the platform-specific popup menu trigger event and we should be able to use show() method to pop up the Menu.

The show() method takes x,y coordinates with respect to Component.

The structure of PopupMenu is defined as:


public class java.awt.PopupMenu extends
             java.awt.Menu{
//constructors
public PopupMenu();
public PopupMenu(String label);
//methods
public synchronized void addNotify();
public void show(Component target,int x,int y);
}

OutputStreamWriter in Java

noreply@blogger.com (Animesh) — Mon, 14 Jan 2019 14:36:00 +0000

OutputStreamWriter in Java

OutputStreamWriter in Java:

This category of classes decides where our output will go.It may go an array of bytes(No String) or by chacterers.We can create Arrays of bytes a file or a Pipe.

In addition,the FilterOutputStream provides a base class for classes that attach

attributes
useful interfaces

to OutputStream.

OutputStreamWriter is a character OutputStream that writes data as byte OutputStream so when characters are written to an OutputStreamWriter , it translate them to bytes according to the Locale info or according to platform specific character encoding.After conversion it writes those bytes to the specified OutputStream.

getEncoding() method returns the name of the encoding being used to convert characters to byte.

The class structure of OutputStreamWriter is given as:


public class java.io.OutputStreamWriter extends 
             java.io.Writer{
//constructor
public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out,String encoding) 
throws UnsupportedEncodingException;
public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out);
//methods:
public void close() throws IOException;
public void flush() throws IOException;
public String getEncoding(();
public void write(int c) throws IOException;
public void write(char[] cbuffer,int offset,int length) throws IOException;
public void write(String str,int offset,int length) throws IOException;
}