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Low Platelet Count (thrombocytopenia): Treatment

2022-05-13T22:50:00.003-07:00

Thrombocytopenia

• Low platelet count OR Thrombocytopenia is medical condition in which blood platelet count decrease from its normal value.

• Generally in healthy person normal blood platelet count is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.

Roll platelet in body

• Platelets are tiny blood cells that

help our body form clots to stop bleeding.

• If one of our blood vessels gets

damaged, it sends out signals to the

platelets.

• The platelets then rush to the site

of damage and form a plug (clot) to

fix the damage.

LOW PLATELET COUNT CAUSES

• Dengue fever

• Aplastic anemia

• Vitamin B-12 deficiency

• Folate deficiency

• Iron deficiency

• Viral infections

• HIV

• Chickenpox

LOW PLATELET SYMPTOMS

• HEADACHE

• HIGH FEVER

• LOSS OF APPETITE

• BODY ACHEMA

• DIARRHOEA

• VOMITING

• EYE PAIN

• KNEE PAIN

• LETHARGY

• NOSE BLEEDINGS

• RED SPOTS IN THE BODY

LOW PLATELET COUNT DIAGNOSIS

• If you have Symptoms them immediately do diagnosis

• Blood test

• Medical history

• Disease condition

TREATMENT:

5 BEST MEDICINE FOR LOW PLATELET COUNT

1. Home remedies

2. Blood or platelet transfusions

3. Medicines

4. Herbals

5. Homeopathy

1. Home remedies

• Beetroot

• Papaya leaf

• Amla

• Kiwi

• Carrot

• Coconut water

• Goat's milk.

2. Blood or platelet transfusions

• A platelet transfusion is when you are given platelets from carefully screened donors.

3. Blood or platelet transfusions

• Doptelet (avatrombopag) tablets

• Romiplostim injection

• Corticosteroid

• Eltrombopag (Promacta)

• Immunoglobulins (antibody proteins)

4. HERBAL MEDICINES FOR LOW PLATELET COUNT

• Caripill

• Himalaya platenza

• Platigen

• Patanjali giloy ghanvati

• Zandu giloy

• Dabur giloy

5. HOMEOPATHY FOR LOW PLATELET COUNT

• Carica papaya

• Hamamelis virginica

• Crotalus horridus

PLASMA EXCHANGE LOW PLATELET COUNT

• Plasmapheresis is the removal, treatment, and return or exchange of blood plasma or components thereof from and to the blood circulation of person.

SURGERY LOW PLATELET COUNT

• If other treatments don't help, your doctor might recommend surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy)

• In people with ITP the immune system treats platelets as foreign and destroys them.

• The spleen is responsible for removing these damaged platelets and therefore removal of the spleen can help to keep more platelets circulating in the body.

How Pregnancy Happens

2022-04-26T20:26:00.000-07:00

Sperm production :

sperm and the hormone testosterone are produced in the testes the testes.

Produce over 70 million sperm each day.

The sperm is then stored in the epididymis a coiled up tube on the back of each test Asst for 2 to 11 days.

If the sperm are not used they may be released naturally during sleep called a wet dream or are simply reabsorbed into the body.

During sexual arousal millions of sperm move through the vas deferens into the ejaculatory ducts of the prostate gland.

The sperm are mixed with fluids to form semen.

The penis expands and hardens as blood blows into a rectal tissue.

During vaginal intercourse the penis is inserted into the female's vagina.

Ejaculation :

Contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis force the semen out of the penis depositing it into the vagina.

The seminal fluid protects the sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina.

The sperm then moved through the cervix and into the uterus.

Once in the uterus, the sperm moved into the fallopian tubes by this time there are only about 2,000 sperm remaining.

Sperm can survive here for up to 5 days.

Ovulation :

During the female's menstrual cycle an egg is released from one of the ovaries alternating from left to right for each consecutive cycle.

The egg is swept up by the tiny tentacles at the entrance of the fallopian tubes and moved along the fallopian tubes by tiny hairs called cilia this takes about 30 hours

If the egg is not fertilized by a sperm within 24 hours, it disintegrates and is flushed out of the body with the next period.

Fertilization :

If there are sperm present in the fallopian tubes and one penetrates the egg membrane fertilization occurs forming a single cell called a zygote.

Once a sperm has fertilized the egg no other sperm can penetrate the egg membrane.

Within 24 hours the zygote begins multiple cell divisions as it travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus.

The zygote reaches the uterus after about five days by this stage it has become a mass of cells called a blastocyst.

Implantation :

The process of implantation of the blastocyst into the uterus begins.

The blastocyst attaches and embeds into the wall of the uterus hormones from the ovary prepare the body for pregnancy by causing the lining of the uterus to thicken with blood.

It is now ready to support a developing fetus.

Diarrhea: Causes, Treatment

2022-04-21T04:12:00.007-07:00

Diarrhea

• Diarrhea is defined by the World Health Organization as.

• It having three or more loose or liquid stools per day, or as having more stools than is normal for that person.

• In diarrhea increase in bowel Movement of patient.

PROBLEMS IN DIARRHEA

• Abnormalities in the small intestine or the large intestine

• Loose & watery diarrhea

• More-frequent bowel movements

• Mucus in stool

• Watery stool

• Stomach pain and Nausea

CAUSES OF DIARRHEA

• Infections

• Food poisoning

• Travellers Diarrhea

• Antibiotics

• Anxiety, food allergy

• Acute appendicitis

• Acute radiation enteritis

• Intestinal ischaemia

DIARRHEA CAUSATIVE AGENTS

VIRAL AGENTS :

• Rotavirus

• Human caliciviruses

• Adenovirus

PARASITIC AGENTS :

• Entamoeba histolytica

• Giardia intestinalis

• Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora

BACTERIAL AGENTS :

• Escherichia coli

• Campylobacter

• Clostridium specie

• Shigella species

• Vibrio cholerae

• Salmonella

SYMPTOMS

• Dehydration (thirst)

• Dry mouth, lips and eyes

• Rapid heartbeat

• Headache

• Dry skin

• Low urination and Feeling thirsty, Dark yellow and strong smelling urine.

• Decrease in urine less than 4 time in a day

• Feeling dizzy or lightheaded

• Feeling tired

PREVENTION

• Drink more water

• Limit outdoor time

• Be hydrated using following fruit and drink

• Take hygienic food like: Watermelon, Raw mango juice, Butter milk, Grapes, Lemon Juice, Coconut water, Kokum sharbat.

• Avoid heavy exercise in outdoor conditions

TREATMENT

1. Rehydration the patient by give fluid like water

2. Need to stable patient so fluids given on primary basic to manage the water loss.

3. ORS must be given to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.

4. If ORS is not available, you should provide water or other fluid containing water.

5. You should not provide drinks with a high sugar content, such as juice, soft drinks or sports drinks, because they could worsen Diarrhea.

5 BEST MEDICINE DIARRHEA

1. Loperamide

2. Ofloxacin and Ornidazole

3. Ciprofloxacin & Metronidazole

4. Entero Quinol

5. Sulfasalazine

• ORS IS COMPULSORY WITH ANY COMBINATION

1. Loperamide (Imodium)

• It is Antidiarrhoeal Drug

• It is first choice during diarrhea

• Antimotility drug So help to slow or stop loose, watery stools

• 4 mg followed by 2 mg after each motion (max. 10 mg in a day)

• 2 mg BD for chronic diarrhoea

Side effects

• Dizziness

• drowsiness

• tiredness

• constipation

2. Ofloxacin and Ornidazole

• These Medicine is class of medication called antibiotics.

• It is combination of two antibiotics

1. Ofloxacin (200mg)

2. Ornidazole (500mg) mg)

• So, take 1 or 2 tablet per day

• Take dose every 12 hour

Side effects

• Dizziness

• Headache

• Stomach upset

• Nausea & vomiting

• Loss of appetite

• Diarrhea OR constipation

• Metallic taste

3. Ciprofloxacin & Metronidazole

• Ciprofloxacin:

• Ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily for one to three days), is usually safe and effective in adults with traveler's diarrhea.

• If you are traveling to an area where TD is a possibility, you may prescribe cipro or a similar antibiotic for you on your trip.

• Metronidazole:

• Metronidazole for diarrhoea Flagyl is used to treat parasitic infections including.

• Amebic dysentery and diarrhea

• Infection of the colon causing bloody diarrhoea.

• Use orally as well as parenterally to treat diarrhea.

1. Minimum dose: 200 mg TDS

2. Maximum dose: 400 to 500 mg TDS

Side effects

• Dizziness

• Headache

• Stomach upset

• Nausea & vomiting

• Loss of appetite

• Diarrhea OR constipation

• Metallic taste

4. Entero Quinol

• Entero Quinol is class of medicine called Antiamoebic Drugs use to treat various amebic infections.

• Salt: Quiniodochlor (250mg)

• Ideal dose: 250-500mg TDS

• Maximum 1.5 g/day

• Don't use in children

Side effects

• Abnormal liver function tests

• Headache & Abdominal pain

• Green color tools en

• Nausea

• Fever and chills

• Hair loss

• Vertigo

5. Sulfasalazine

• Sulfasalazine is also used to treat bowel inflammation, diarrhea (stool frequency), rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain in Crohn's disease. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this drug for your condition.

• Dose 1.5-2 g/day in divided dose

Side effects

• Stomach upset

• Nausea, vomiting

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Dizziness

• Unusual tiredness

• Skin & urine to turn orange-yellow

HYDRATION FOR DIARRHEA (ORS)

• Hydration is very important when you have diarrhea.

• Dehydration from diarrhea can be fatal in young children and older adults.

• Continue breastfeeding or formula feeding infants who are experiencing diarrhea.

• Over-the-counter oral pediatric hydration solutions like ORS must be prefer for this.

FOODS TO EAT IN DIARRHEA

• Prefer to low-fiber "BRAT" foods that will help firm up your stool.

These Include:

• Bananas

• Rice (white)

• Applesauce

• Toast

TREATMENT (acute diarrhea)

In Orally

• Normally :- loperamide hydrochloride (lopamide)[stat 2 tab] OR norfloxacin & tinidazole (norflox tz ) OR ofloxacin & ornidazole (zenflox oz )

Abdominal Pain :

• dicyclomine hydrochloride & paracetamol (cyclopam) OR dicyclomine hydrochloride & mefenamic acid (drotin m)

Vomiting (bdac or tdsac) :

• domperidone dispersible (dom-dt) OR ondansetron oral disintegrating (ondem md 4)

Acid (odac) :

• Pantoprazole (pan-40 or pan-D) OR Omerazole or Rabeprazole

Acid+vomiting(odac) :

• pantoprazole & domperidone (zolpan-D OR pantosec-D)

Increase Intestine Absorption :

• Racecadotril Capsule (zedott)

• *ORS

Injectable Treatment

Antibiotic (iv) :

• gentamicin 80mg injection OR amikacin 500 mg injection AND metronidazole iv infusion OR ceftriaxone iv infusion

Abdominal Pain :

• dicyclomine injection OR diclofenac injection

Vomiting :

• ondansetron injection

Low Blood Fluid :

NS OR RL OR DNS

**Monitor heart rate, blood pressure and mental status.

COMPLICATION

• Deatstroke

• Seizures due to eletrolyte loss

• Organ failure

• Effect of brain function

• Even death

Gastritis: Causes and Treatment

2022-04-10T21:14:00.011-07:00

Gastritis
• Gastritis is a medical condition in which inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
• The bacterial infection in stomach is Also responsible for the gastritis and damage of the stomach linings.

Causes

   1. Helicobacter pylori
   2. Excessive alcohol use
   3. Chronic vomiting
   4. Stress
   5. Bile reflux
   6. Aspirin or other All anti-inflammatory drugs

Symptoms

   • Pain in the upper abdomen
   • Pain in the chest
   • Belching ARMA
   • Heartburn
   • Indigestion
   • Nausea and vomiting
   • Passing excessive of gas
   • Fatigue
   • Feeling stomach full
   • Loss of appetite
   • Abdominal discomfort
   • Hiccups
   • Black or tarry stool
   • Vomiting of blood

Diagnosis

   • Endoscopy
   • Biopsy
   • Stool Examination
   • Blood Examination
   • Urea Breath Test
   • Upper GI Barium Study
   • CT Scan

Treatment

   1. H2 BLOCKERS
   2. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
   3. ANTACID SYRUPS
   4. HERBAL NATURAL MEDICINE
   5. PROTECTIVE DRUGS

6. ANTI-H PYLORI DRUG

1. H2 BLOCKERS

   • Ranitidine: 150 mg BD or 300 mg at bed time
   • Famotidine: 20 mg BD
   • Cimetidine: 400 mg BD or 800 mg OD at bed time
   • Roxatidine: 75 mg BD

Side effects
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Difficulty sleeping
• Dry mouth
• Dry skin.
• Headaches
• Ringing in the ears
• A runny nose

2. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS PPI

   • Omeprazole: 20-60 mg/day
   • Pantoprazole: 40 mg OD
   • Rabeprazole: 20 mg OD
   • Lansoprazole: 15-30 mg OD
   • Dexrabeprazole: 10-20 mg OD

Side effects
• Diarrhea / constipation
• Stomach pain
• Flatulence
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Feeling or being sick
• Bone fracture
• Kidney damage

3. ANTACID SYRUPS

   • Magnesium hydroxide
   • Milk of magnesia
   • Mag. trisilicate
   • Aluminium hydroxide gel
   • Magaldrate Calcium carbonate

4. HERBAL NATURAL MEDICINE

   • Himalaya Himcocid-SF
   • Nixocid
   • Dabur Pudin Hara

5. PROTECTIVE DRUGS

• Sucralfate protective drug and work my making coating on stomach lining and prevent their damage and help in healing
• 1g taken 1 hour before 3 major meals & bed time

Side effects
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• upset stomach
• Itching, rash
• Dizziness or drowsiness
• Sleep problems (insomnia)
• Headache
• Back pain

6. ANTI-H PYLORI DRUG

• If reason of infection is bacteria summess

   • Amoxicillin
   • Clarithromycin
   • Metronidazole
   • Tinidazole
   • Tetracycline

Side effects
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Stomach upset
• Nausea & vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea OR constipation
• Metallic taste

Salt Name of Medicines

2022-04-09T04:55:00.003-07:00

Search a test name input in the field.

-prazole

antiulcer(proton pump inhibitor)
Ex: Omeprazole, Pantaprazole, Lansoprazole etc.
Use: heartburn, acid reflux and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).
-fenac

NSAID
Ex: Bromfenac, Diclofenac, Nepafenac etc.
Use: Reduces Pain, Fever and Inflammation.
-floxacin

antibiotics
Ex: Besifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin etc.
Use: Certain infections including pneumonia, and infections of the skin, bladder, reproductive organs, and prostate.
-nazole

antifungal
Ex: Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Micronazole, Terconazole etc.
Use: Fungal infections like mouth, throat, vagina, and other parts of the body, Cryptococcal meningitis (fungal infection in the brain) and Coccidioidomycosis (a disease of the lungs).
-mycin

antibiotics, antibacterial
Ex: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin etc.
Use: Infections of the ear, nose, throat, lungs, skin, and eye in adults and children. It is also used for treating typhoid fever and some sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea. It works by stopping the growth of the bacteria causing the infection.
-bital

promoting or inducing sleep(pain)
Ex: Butabarbital, Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital etc.
Use: Treat insomnia (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep). It is also used to relieve anxiety, including anxiety before surgery.
-caine

local anaesthetic
Ex: Benzocaine, Procaine, Lignocaine, Lidocaine etc.
Use: local anaesthetic, Reduce pain on surface.
-cillin

penicillin antibiotics
Ex: Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin etc.
Use: Work against G+ and G-string bacteria.
-olol

beta blocker
Ex: Atenolol, Metoprolol, Esonolol, Nadolol etc.
Use: Beta blockers, Relax blood vessels, Decrease high BP in chest pain, in arrhythmia.
-setron

antiemetic, antinauseant
Ex: Dolasetron, Ondasetron, Granisetron, Palonosetron etc.
Use: Treat nausea vomiting.
-parin

antiemetic, antinauseant, anticoagulants(blood thinner)
Ex:Aspirin, Daltaparin, Enoxaparin, Heparin etc.
Use: Prevent serious or life-threatening complications from angina (chest pain) and heart attacks.
-zodone

antidepressant
Ex: Nefazodone, Trazodone, Vilazodone etc.
Use: Treat depression. It may help to improve your mood, appetite, and energy level as well as decrease anxiety and insomnia related to depression.
-profen

NSAID
Ex: Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen etc.
Use: Pain relief, Headache, Fever, Inflammation.
-dipine

antihypertensive(calcium channel blockers)
Ex: Amlodipine, Felodipine, Infedipine, Nimodipine etc.
Use: Treatment of Hypertension (high blood pressure) and Angina (heart-related chest pain).
-gliptin

anti-diabetic(DPP4 enzyme inhibitors)
Ex: Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin etc.
Use: Treat type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is an illness where the body does not make enough insulin, or the insulin that it makes does not work properly. This can cause high blood sugar levels (hyperglycaemia).
-cycline

antibiotics
Ex: Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline etc.
Use: Urinary tract infections, Intestinal, Respiratory, Eye infections.
-iramine & -tadine

antihistamine, antiallergic
Ex: Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, Pheniramine etc.
Ex: Cyproheptadine, Deslortadine, Loratadine, Oloptadine etc.
-terol

bronchodilators
Ex: Albuterol, Formoterol, Salmeterol, Arformaterol etc.
Use: Dilates bronchi and bronchioles so air flow increased in the lungs.
-pril

ACE inhibitors
Ex: Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril etc.
Use: High Bp, Heart attack, Prevent stroke, Kidney problem.
-dazole

antiworm(antihelmintic)(antibiotic antibacterial)
Ex: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Metronidazole, Tinidazole etc.
Use: Treat neurocysticercosis (infection caused by the pork tapeworm in the muscles, brain, and eyes that may cause seizures, brain swelling, and vision problems. Common worm infections (whipworm, roundworm and hookworm).
-afil

PED 5th inhibitors(PED:phosphodiesterase)
Ex: Sildenafil, Tadanafil, Avanafil, Vardenafil etc.
Use: Erectile dysfunction.
-asone

corticosterioid
Ex: Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Diflorasone, Fluticasone, Mometasone etc.
Use: Reduce inflammation, Swelling, Itching, Redness & allergic reaction, Also used in asthma & arthritis.
-bicin

antineoplastic(cytotoxic)
Ex: Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Valrubicin etc.
Use: Reduce growth of cancer cell.
-dronate

bisphosphonate(bone resorption inhibitors)
Ex: Alendronate, Etidronate, Ibandronate, Risedronate etc.
Use: Osteoporosis- A condition in which bones become weak and brittle.
-lamide

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Ex: Acetazolamide, Brinzolamide, Dorzolamide, Methazolamide etc.
Use: Glaucoma, Altitude, Sickness, Epilepsy, Heart failure & idiopathic intracranial hypertension: pressure in brain.
-statin

HMG-coA reductase inhibitors(statin)(HMGR:3hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl)
Ex: Atoruvastation, Lovastarin, Pitavastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simuvastatin etc.
Use: Low amount of cholesterol mean lipid lowering medicine who have cardiovascular disease.
-lukast

antihistamines
Ex: Montenlukast, Zatirleukast etc.
Use: Various allergic conditions such as hay fever, conjunctivitis, some skin reactions such as eczema, hives, and reactions to bites and stings. It also relieves watery eyes, runny nose, sneezing, and itching.
-semide

loop diuretic/water pills
Ex: Torsemide, Furosemide, Metolazone, Bumetanide etc.
Use: Treat high BP, edema, hear failure.
-tinib

antineoplastic(kinase inhibitor)
Ex: Crizotinib, Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Imatinib, Gefitinib etc.
Use: Anticancer
-tretin

retinoid
Ex: Acitretin, Alitretinion, Isotretinoin, Tretioin etc.
Use: Scaly skin and to improve skin colour, Increasing production of collagen in epidermis.
-triptan

antimigraine
Ex: Almotriptan, Eleriptan, Rizatriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan etc.
Use: Treat of migraine "A type of headache".
-zosin

alpha blocker
Ex: Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin etc.
Use: High BP, and Prostate problem (BPH) enlargement of prostate gland.
-glitazone

antidiabetic
Ex: Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone etc.
Use: Hypoglycemic medicine lowers blood glucose level. Treatment diabetes type 2.
-ridobe

antipsychotic
Ex: Iloperidone, Paliperidon, Riseperidone etc.
Use: Treat psychotic, abnormal behaviour, mental illness.
-sartan

angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Ex: Candesartan, Irbesartan, Losartan, Olmesartan, Valsartan etc.
Use: High blood pressure, hear failure reduce risk of heart stock.
-mustine

alkylating antineoplastic agents
Ex: Carmustine, Estramustine, Lomustine, Bendamustine etc.
Use: Treat of cancer
-pramine & -tytine

tricyclin antidepressants
Ex: Clomipramine, Desipramine, Imipramine, Trimipramine etc.
Ex: Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Protriptyline etc.
Use: Treat depression, anxiety.
-glitazone

inhalation anasthetics
Ex: Isoflavones, Enflurane, Desflurane, Sevoflurane etc.
Use: General anasthesia during surgery.
-kinase & -plase

fibrinolytic
Ex: Steptokinase, Urokinase etc.
Ex: Alteplase, Duteplase, Reteplase etc.
Use: Dissolve blood clots in blood vessel (heart attack, heart stock).
-trel

progestion(femal hormone)
Ex: Desogestrel, Etonogestrel, Levonogestrel, Norgestrel etc.
Use: Birth control in women, to lower sex hormone levels for various purpose.
-lutamide

antiandrogens
Ex: Flutamide, Nilutamide, Enozalutamide etc.
Use: Treat of prostate cancer.
-vir

antivirus
Ex: Acyclovir, Tenofovir, Cidofovir, Avacavir, Penciclovir, Zanamivir etc.
Use: Against virus infection and stop viral activity.
-zosin

alpha blocker
Ex: Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin etc.
Use: High blood pressure and prostate problem.
-zepam

benzodiazepines
Ex: Clonazepam, Diazepam, Florazepam, Lorazepam etc.
Use: Treat anxiety, Panic, Insomnia, Seizure etc.
-zolam

benzodiazepine
Ex: Alprazolam, Estazolam, Midazolam etc.
Use: Treat anxiety, Panic, Insomnia, Seizure.
-prost

prostag landin analogues
Ex: Carboprost, Latanoprost, Gemeprost, Bravoprost etc.
Use: Treat glaucoma and platelets aggregation and vasodilation.
-vudine

NRTI drugs (Nucleotide Reverse Transciptase Inhibitor).
Ex: Zidovudine, Stavudine, lamivudine, telbivudine etc.
Use: HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis.
-fenac

NSAID
Ex: Bromfenac, Diclofenac, Nepafenac, Aceclofenac etc.
Use: Pain killer and fever.
-profen

NSAID
Ex: Fenoprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Dexibuprefen, Flurbiprofen, Furprofen, Zaltoprofen etc.
Use: Pain killer and normal fever.
-coxib

NSAID
Ex: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, Valdecoxib, Rofecoxib etc.
Use: Pain reliefer and normal fever.
-xicam

NSAID
Ex: Tenoxicam, Meloxicam, Piroxicam etc.
Use: Pain reliefer and normal fever.
Others: Nimesulide, Naproxen, Acemetacin etc.
Use: Pain reliefer and normal fever.
-iramine

antiallergic
Ex: Pheniramine, Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, Diphenhydramine etc.
Use:relieves red, irritated, itchy, watery eyes; sneezing; and runny nose caused by allergies, hay fever, and the common cold.
-tadine

antiallergic
Ex: Cyproheptadine, Deslortadine, Loratadine, Olaptadine etc.
Use: Relieves red, irritated, itchy, watery eyes; sneezing; and runny nose caused by allergies, irritants in the air, and hay fever.
-asone

antiallergic
Ex: Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Dyflorasone etc.
Use:treat itching, swollen and irritated skin. They can help with conditions such as eczema, contact dermatitis and psoriasis.
Others: Cetirizine, Livocetirizine etc.
Use:Temporarily relieve the symptoms of hay fever (allergy to pollen, dust, or other substances in the air) and allergy to other substances (such as dust mites, animal dander, cockroaches, and molds). These symptoms include sneezing; runny nose; itchy, red, watery eyes; and itchy nose or throat.
-setron

anti-emetic
Ex: Dolasetron, Ondansetron, Graniset, Palonosetron etc.
Use: Normal vomiting and nausea.
-zine

anti-emetic
Ex: Hydraxyzine, Promethazine, Cyclizine, Meclizine, Chloromazine etc.
Use: Motion sickness.
-pitant

anti-emetic
Ex: Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant, Rolapitant, Netuputant etc.
Use: Vomiting in chemotherapy.
Others: Metoclopramide, Domperidone etc.
Use: Normal Vomiting and nausea.

Nightfall: Causes, Treatments

2022-03-17T23:15:00.021-07:00

Nightfall is condition when men ejaculate (release sperm) and women release fluid from their vaginas while sleeping.

• They are also known as nocturnal emissions.
• Also called wet dreams.
• It occurs any time when you sleep Either in day or night
• During adolescent growth of sex organs and hormone changes in the body also become reason for Night fall.
• In adult age it is also common in many people and it's Not a any disease or disorder.
• Nightfall is completely physiological.

Normal Nightfall

• Normal: 2-3 times a week ⠀⠀⠀

• It's natural process of throwing waste semens.

• Body naturally release excessive semen which form by our reproductive organ on daily basis.

• Nothing to worry.

Excessive Nightfall

• When night fall occurs daily or when you sleep is sign of excessive night fall.

• 5-7 times a week

• More than 15-20 times in a month need some treatment base on reason of night fall.

Reason For Nightfall

1. Less frequent masturbation (Masterbation)

2. Absence or lack of sexual activity

3. Watching too much of sexual content of sexual

4. Physical inactivity

5. Going to bed with full bladder at night

6. Excessive stimulation of genitals

7. Taking of sex hormone supplements

8. Weak muscles

9. Inadequate ejaculation

10. Obesity

11. Stress

12. Prostate Gland Inflammation

13. Nervous System Problems

14. Nightfall Due to Drug Side Effect

Myth About Nightfall

1. It is rare, NO, Its normal and common in many people

2. Erection problems will occurs because of nightfall, Truth is that Night fall not affect on erection.

3. Is it Wrong:? NO, normal thing to empty excessive body.

4. Night fall make weak? No, weakness and nightfall do not have any relation. Will make weak if excessive nightfall due to prostate gland inflammation

5. Night fall Reduce Sperm Count, No, it will not, sperm count reduce due to injury, inflammation in genital and lack of sex hormones also due to deficiency of nutrition need for healthy sperms.

6. It Reduces the Size of the Penis

No, Night fall do not have any effect on penis size,

• Its myth, Normal average size is 3 to 6 inch is enough while you have erection in your penis.

Treatment Of Nightfall

• Treatment and prevention bases on causes and reason

1. Treat your Prostate gland inflammation

2. Treat by Reduce the intake of sex hormone medicine

3. Reduce your body weight in range of normal BMI

4. Read Good books with motivation before you sleep

5. Limit the use and watching of sexual content

6. Reduce stress, Anxiety, and depression

7. Do Yoga on regular basis supues

8. Mediation

9. Reading of holy books

10. Take healthy sleep of 8 hour

11. Avoid watching content which distract your mind

Medicines

1. For overall health: Multivitamins and Multiminerals

2. For healthy neuron: Multivitamins and Multiminerals

3. Sleep and wellness medicine: Herbal or allopathy medicine available for good sleep

4. Antidepressants if reason is stress and depression.

5. Medicine treatment of Prostate and its inflammation

6. DON'T FOLLOW ANY MYTH AND DON'T WASTE MONEY

First Aid Kit & Uses

2022-01-06T06:26:00.001-08:00

Before we move on to the specific treatments and procedures, let's have a quick look at a first aid as essential tool the first aid kit. In an emergency situation, you may need to act quickly so it's important that you're familiar with your first aid kit

PAINKILLERS

Tablet(NSAID): Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Aceclofenac, etc...(SOS, PC)
Sprays & Ointments: Moov, Volini, Ominigel.

FEVER

Tablet: Paracetamol, Nimesulide, Ibuprofen, etc..(SOS, PC)

HEADACHE

Tablet: Aspirin(Disprin), Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, saridon etc...(PC)
Ointment: Iodex, Zandu Balm, etc...

NAUSEA & VOMITING

Tablet: Periset md(ondasetron), Domstal(domperidone), etc...(PC or AC)
Tablet: Promethazine, Hydraxyzine (use in motion sicness)

GAS IN STOMACH, ACIDITY, DUEDONAL ULCER

Tablet: Renitidine, Pantaprozole, Omeprazol, Rabeprazole

CONSTIPATION

Tablet: Julax(Besacodyl)(with warm watter HS)
Liquid: Paraffin 30ml

DIARRHEA/LOOSE MOTION

Tablet: Loperamide 2mg, Lactic acid bacillus, Metronidazole, Kaopectate(bismuth subsalicylate)... etc
Others: ORS, Glucose

COLD, SNECZING, RUNNY NOSE, ALLERGY

Tablet: Cetirizine, Xyzal allergy, Avil(phenaramine maleate)

ABDOMINAL PAIN

Tablet: Dicyclomine

COUGH(normaly cough)

Dry Cough- Syrup: Ascoril-D(1 tsp BD)
Wet Cought- Syrup: Grilictus-BM(1 tsp BD)

SKIN BURNING

Cream: Silver sulfadiazine, Burnol.

SKIN DISEASE, RASHES, ITCHING

Lotion: Calamine (skin protection), Glycerine (for dry skin, burning)

MOUTH ULCER

Capsule: Becosules(B-Complex)
Lotion: Phillips(milk of magnesia), glycerine

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE(hypertension)

if you are suffering from chronic hypertension so you should take only prescribed medicine by your doctor.

Tablet: Atenolol(not for asthma patient), Losartas(losartan potassium)

LOW BLOOD PRESSURE(hypotension)

if you are suffering from chronic hypertension so you should take only prescribed medicine by your doctor.

Tablet: Floricot(fludrocortisone)

GENERAL INJURY-DRESSING

Ointment: Povidone iodine(betadine), Soframycin
Lotion: Povidone iodine(betadine)
liquid for cleaner: dettol, Savlon
Others: Bended, Bendage, Cotton

Medicine For Dental Infection

2021-07-08T00:17:00.000-07:00

It is an infection of tooth and gums of oral cavity and mainly identify and diagnosed by:

Pain or inflammation in tooth & gums
Tooth decay or infection
Feeling of throbbing pain
Swelling in or around your tooth or gum
Sharp pain when touch or bite down tooth
Sharp pain cool water touch tooth.
Even pain during eating food
Due to dental infection changes structure and function of teeth
Enamel damage
Tooth erosion and decay
Dental cavity
Gum inflammation
Damage of pulp, dentin
Damage of nerves & blood vessels

➭ DENTAL INFECTION CAUSES

Bacteria are most common for reason behind dental infections
Poor dental hygiene Gums
Not brushing your teeth 2 times a day
High sugar diet
Eating excessive sweets
Drinking soda
Sensitive teeth
Gum disease
Impacted tooth
Inflammation tooth pulp
Pus formation in gum
Tooth decay
Abscess
Cracked tooth

➭ SIGN & SYMTOMS

Fever and tooth pain
Severe persistent, throbbing toothache
Sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures
Sensitivity to the pressure of chewing or biting
Swelling in face or cheek

➭ DENTAL INFECTION TREATMENT

Following are main six strategy for treatment and management:

Pain relievers for tooth pain
Antibiotics to reduce infection
Dental analgesic for tooth pain
Salt water rinse for tooth pain
Cold compress for tooth pain
Dental surgery for tooth pain

1. ANALGESIC (PAIN KILLERS)

Non-opioid painkillers
This includes paracetamol
Some of these are available over the counter from pharmacies
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
Aspirin, naproxen (Aleve), and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are examples of OTC NSAIDs
Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
It works by blocking the release of certain chemical messengers that cause pain and inflammation (redness and swelling)
Diclofenac is used to relieve pain, swelling (inflammation), and joint stiffness caused by arthritis.

2. ANTIBIOTICS FOR REDUCE INFECTION

Antibiotics of the penicillin class, such as penicillin and amoxicillin, are most commonly used to help treat tooth infections.
Their antimicrobial activity reduce the amount the bacteria causing pain
Cephalosporin’s such as:

Ceftriaxone
Cefepime

An antibiotic called metronidazole may be given for some types of bacterial infections.
It's sometimes prescribed with penicillin in order to cover a larger variety of bacterial species.
Other antibiotics also works to reduced growth of microbes in oral cavity and reduced pain and infections. (Any one from):

Ampicillin or Amoxicillin
Cefixime or Ceftriaxone
Azythromycin or Erythromycin
Doxycycline

3. DENTAL ANALGESIC

Clove oil contains the active ingredient eugenol, which is a natural anesthetic
It helps numb and reduce pain to ease a toothache
Eugenol also has natural anti-inflammatory properties
It may reduce swelling and irritation in the affected area

4. SALT WATER RINSE FOR DENTAL INFECTION

If we have a toothache, until we can get to the dentist, one of the best things we can do is swish and gargle warm, salty water around in our mouth.
A good mix is 1/2 teaspoon table salt to 8 ounces of water.
Spit it out, don't swallow it.

5. COLD COMPRESS

If we note swelling or simply want to relieve the pain from a toothache, try a cold compress to the side of our face.
A cold compress might help reduce swelling and ease the inflammation.
Crush some ice and fill into ice bag or ice into a washcloth to be used as a cold compress.

6. DENTAL SURGERY

Dental surgery is any of a number of medical procedures that involve.
Artificially modifying dentition in other words.
Surgery of the teeth, gums and jaw bones.

Appetite Stimulant

2021-06-04T02:24:00.003-07:00

When people talk about getting a proper diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the emphasis is usually placed on avoiding things such as counting calories and making sure you don't eat too much.
But what if you have the opposite problem, where you find yourself eating too little? After all, undereating can also lead to a variety of health complications and problems, such as unwanted or severe weight loss and malnutrition.
Of course, if you are currently struggling with a diminished appetite, then not eating enough in a day might not be your fault.
Still, for people who are underweight or struggling to maintain their daily nutritional needs, a loss of appetite can be both frustrating and harmful to their health.
Luckily, there are a few things you can do to help increase your appetite and maintain a healthy meal plan.
An orexigenic, or appetite stimulant, is a drug hormone or compound that increases appetite and may induce hyperphagia.
Means they produce strong sensation of hunger or desire to eat after taking these medications.

➭ APPETITE STIMULANTS

Dronabinol
Megestrol acetate
Oxandrolone
Other medications
Mirtazapine
Prednisone & dexamethasone
Supplements like zinc, Vitamin B1
Omega-3 fatty acids

➭ APPETITE STIMULANTS BASIC USE

To treat anorexia
Loss of appetite
Anorexia means a loss of appetite or the inability to eat, and it can be a symptom of various diseases.
This medication enhance the appetite and treat the anorexia

➭ Medicine

Dronabinol

Dronabinol (a cannabinoid) possesses anti-emetic properties and acts by stimulating CB1 receptors.
It can also stimulate appetite
Used for AIDS with anorexia
Some of its most common side effects:

Confusion, Dizziness & drowsiness
Hallucinations & low mood

Megestrol Acetate

Megestrol is a progesterone based medication that doctors can prescribe to boost appetite in people with anorexia, cancer, HIV, or AIDS.
Side effects:

Side effects of include stomach upset, mood changes, and sleep problem.
Serious reactions swelling due to fluid buildup in the tissues, onset or worsening of diabetes, & blood clots.

Oxandrolone

Oxandrolone is an oral steroid that helps people gain weight after surgery, trauma, or chronic infection.
The most common side effects of oxandrolone include:

Acne, Changes in sexual desire
Deepening voice, Excessive hair growth
Irregular menstrual cycle, Mood changes
Stomach upset

Other Medications

We have megestrol acetate, oxandrolone, and dronabinol are the only drugs that the FDA have approved as appetite stimulants and prescribe to enhance hunger & appetite.
But some other medications have the side effect of increasing appetite
They may prescribe them off-label
Antidepressants such as mirtazapine
Corticosteroids such as prednisone and dexamethasone
Certain vitamins and minerals, including zinc and vitamin B-1, can increase appetite.
However, these usually only work if the person has deficiencies in these nutrients
Other supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids may boost and increase appetite.

Calcium & Vitamin D3 Tablets

2021-05-24T00:09:00.003-07:00

This combination provides vitamin and mineral supplements to body
Tablet composition
Calcium: 500 mg
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol): 250 IU
This medicine combination in tablet dosage form is used for the treatment of Vitamin D and Calcium deficiency

➭ Brands

Cipcal 500 Tablet
Shelcal 500 Tablet
DailyCal 500 Tablet
Calshine D
Ossopan D Tablet
Gemcal D3
Ossivite-500 Tab

➭ Need of Calcium to Our Body

Calcium is a necessary mineral essential for maintaining structure and function
It have an important role in

Nerve transmission
Hormone secretion
Muscle contraction
Vascular functions
Healthiness of bones and joint

➭ Need of Vitamin D3 to Our Body

Cholecalciferol, Vitamin D3 which is made by skin when exposed to sunlight
Vitamin D3 have many health benefits
Help strengthen bones and muscles
Boost immunity, increase mood, aid in weight loss, and improve heart function
Vitamin D deficiency may cause fractures, muscle pain and weakness

➭ Calcium & Vitamin D3 Basic Use

To treat vitamin D & calcium deficiency
Treatment of osteoporosis
To treat Bone-related disorders
Vitamin D and calcium supplements
To prevent calcium deficiency in pregnancy and lactating mothers
Supports in the treatment of acidity, stomach ulcers, heartburn, like conditions
To remove excess phosphate from the blood in patients undergoing kidney dialysis
For healthy and strong bones & joints.
Bones strong and prevents osteoporosis
To treat condition of weak bones
To provide daily requirement and need of calcium and Vitamin D3 to body

THUS, SO MANY USES OF THIS MEDICINE

➭ Benefits to Use During Pregnancy

Calcium & Vitamin D3 tablets Prescribe during pregnancy from second trimester means after 12 week of pregnancy
It helps in bone formation and development of the baby from second trimester
Daily 1 tablet is taken by pregnant women
Helps in the maintenance of strong bones in mother as well in developing baby

➭ Calcium & Vitamin D3 Daily Dose

Take only 1 tablet per day. 0-0-1 (at night one tablet)

➭ Calcium & Vitamin D3 Side Effects

If use in overdose side effects will occurs due to it
Constipation
Vomiting & nausea
Loss of appetite
Feeling thirsty
Stomach pain
Frequent urination
Muscle weakness
High level of calcium in urine
Allergic reaction
Itching
Wheezing
Rash
Swelling of the tongue
Swelling of the throat

➭ Calcium & Vitamin D3 Side Effects

Allergy to calcium carbonate, vitamin d3 or any of the other ingredients of this medicine
Higher than normal levels of calcium in your blood
Patient with kidney failure
If you have high levels of cholesterol in body
Never take thyroid medicine and Calcium & Vitamin

D3 it may cause drug-drug interaction with each other

Blood in Stool

2021-05-20T04:38:00.002-07:00

There are many causes of blood in stool. The main cause is disease of large intestine. The most common presentation is bright red blood in stool In the form of droplets. Its likely to be haemorrhoids or fissure.

⚉Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are distended veins in the anus. If the patient has constipation and pressure is applied during stool passage. This causes increase pressure in vein, which can cause bleed. Patients with haemorrhoids has painless bleed during defecation. Bleeding is in the forms of drops or jet of blood. Blood is separate from the stool. Haemorrhoids are associated with constipation. Haemorrhoids are most common cause of blood in stool.

Treatment

Constipation should be treated. Initial treatment include life style modification, local ointment. Treatment options are local injection, banding, laser therapy, surgery. Haemorrhoids are diagnosed by proctoscopy. Sigmoidoscopy is done to rule out other causes.

⚉Anal fissure

Fissure cause painful defecation with blood in stool. Severe sharp pain in anus during defecation. Line of blood is seen on the stool in case of fissure.

Treatment

Anal fissure are treated by local ointment and by treating constipation. Surgery is done in refractory cases.

⚉Ulcer

If stool is mixed with blood, bleed is likely from rectum and proximal colon. Blood will be darker in colour. Cause will be ulcer, polyp or tumor. It is call Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS) is a common cause and is associated with constipation.

Treatment

SRUS is diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy and biopsy. SRUS is treated by local medication and by treating constipation. Infections are common cause of blood in stool.

⚉Infection

Bacteria and virus are common cause of colonic infection. These patients present with short history of pain and diarrhoea.

Treatment

These patients are treated with medical therapy.

⚉Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever can cause ulcers in small and large intestine and blood in stool.

Treatment

Condition is diagnosed by colonoscopy and treated by injection and APC and clipping.

⚉Ulcerative Colitis

Another cause of blood in stool is ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis present with bloody diarrhoea of long duration. Urgency and incontinence are other symptoms. Stool is liquid and is mixed with blood, mucus and pus.

Treatment

Ulcerative colitis is diagnosed with sigmoidoscopy with biopsy. Ulcerative colitis is treated with medical therapy. Surgery is reserved for few patients

⚉Tumor or Cancer

Another cause of blood in stool is tumor or cancer of large intestine. Large ulcerated polyp and cancer can lead to blood in stool. Colon cancer is common cause of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in elderly.

Treatment

Polyp and cancer are diagnosed by colonoscopy. Benign polyp can be removed during colonoscopy. Cancer are diagnosed by biopsy and are treated by surgery.

⚉Massive bleed

Some patients present with massive bleed and low blood pressure. Diverticulum and vascular lesions are cause of massive bleed. Typhoid, amoebic and bacterial ulcers can cause massive bleed. Patients with massive bleed are admitted and stablized.

Treatment

Massive bleed is treated with colonoscopic intervention or surgery.

⚉Occult

Another condition is stool occult blood positive. Occult blood is not seen by naked eye, but the stool test will be positive for blood. Common cause of stool occult blood positivity is tumor or vascular lesion.

Causes

There are many causes of blood in stool. Cause vary form benign causes to cancer.

Blood in stool should not be ignored. Medical help should be sought. And should be investigated and treated.

Different Type of Mask

2021-04-28T12:43:00.002-07:00

What is the difference between medical masks and respirators, like N95, N99s?

Who should wear a medical mask during the COVID-19 pandemic?

➭ Cloth/T-shirt Mask:

Washable and Reusable protects from catching the flu during seasonal changes, other bacteria and germs. The masks are for the use of adults and kids alike. Even when there's no life threatening flu, you can use the mask just to be safe and inhale healthy air.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	0%
Bacteria	40%
Air Particles	50%
Pollinator	50%
Remark
Usability	✗ ✗ ✗

➭ Sponge Mask:

Washable and Reusable protects. It is used to filter air pollution, pollens, smoke, odours, diesel, gasoline, PM 10, PM2 , pathogens like bacteria, virus & fungi and is highly useful for people with the risk of respiratory diseases, living in or travelling to areas with high air pollution levels.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	0%
Bacteria	0.5%
Air Particles	0.5%
Pollinator	0.5%
Remark
Usability	✗ ✗ ✗

➭ Carbon Mask:

All the masks come with technical carbon-activated filters for particle filtration. The masks protect from bacteria/pollution by filtering out the particles through their technical layering mechanism. It is primarily used to prevent contact with bacteria and pollution.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	10%
Bacteria	100%
Air Particles	100%
Pollinator	100%
Remark
Usability	✔ ✔ ✔

➭ Surgical Mask:

It is designed with 3-layers of non-woven polypropylene. The first layer is PP non-woven which is leak proof, second layer is melt blown filter paper which provides excellent breathability, and the third layer is soft and non scraping which makes it suitable for the skin. The mask is lightweight and fluid resistant. It is disposable and comprises of elastic/tie loops which fit comfortably around ears. It is primarily used to reduce the spread of viruses, germs, and bacteria.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	95%
Bacteria	90%
Air Particles	90%
Pollinator	90%
Remark
Usability	✔ ✔ ✔

➭ N95/KN95 Mask:

5 Layer Filtration N95 Mask provides the wearer five-layer protection from harmful pollutants in the air. It is used to filter air pollutants, pollens, smoke, odours, diesel, gasoline, as well as pathogens like bacteria, virus and fungi. It is highly useful for people with the risk of respiratory diseases, living in or travelling to areas with high air pollution levels.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	95%
Bacteria	100%
Air Particles	100%
Pollinator	100%
Remark
Usability	✔ ✔ ✔

➭ N99/KN99 Mask:

N99 Mask is made from a 100% pure activated carbon cloth, which is used in military applications for filtration purposes. Its cloth is extensively developed and has been made into products for use in chemical, biological, and nuclear warfare protection. It is one of the best standard filtration face-mask that prevents PM 0.3 micron, harmful gases, and cross infection. It is Ideal for the people at risk of respiratory diseases, living in or travelling to areas with high air pollution.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	99%
Bacteria	100%
Dust Pretacel	100%
Pollinator	100%
Remark
Usability	✔ ✔ ✔

➭ FFP1 Mask:

FFP1 Face Mask with Earloop provides complete protection from harmful dust, pollution, bacteria and viruses to enter the body. The mask is comfortable to wear because of its soft filter material, minimal breathing resistance and perfect sealed fit. It protects one from pollutants in the air such as dust, bacteria and viruses.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	90%
Bacteria	80%
Air Particles	80%
Pollinator	80%
Remark
Usability	✔ ✔ ✔

➭ FFP2 Mask:

FFP2 Mask Universal provides three layer protection from dust, germs and bacteria. It also helps to keep harmful toxic gases at bay. It makes breathing easier while walking or performing any exhausting or tiring work.

Particle	Filtration Rates
Virus	95%
Bacteria	85%
Air Particles	80%
Pollinator	80%
Remark
Usability	✔ ✔ ✔

Treatment of Smelly Armpits

2020-12-05T05:55:00.011-08:00

Smelly Armpits

Many people suffer from excessive armpit sweat which also smells quite bad.

About this problem -

It's Causes and Treatment

Our body is equipped with 2 types of sweat glands-

The first kind is found all over the skin which discharges a thin, watery sweat which evaporates easily and helps in cooling the body.

However, in our armpits and in our groin areas, which contain many hair the sweat glands produce a thicker form of sweat. However, whether the sweat is thick or watery, in normal conditions it does not smell.

Causes :

Many people do not clean their armpits adequately which leads to fungal and bacterial infections and once these infections start happening then the sweat that comes out from the armpits begins to smell bad. Many times people share clothes with others or use common towels which can also lead to the spread of fungal &bacterial infections in the armpits. Many of you go to the beauty parlour regularly,

and if the conditions there are unhygienic or if they use a common bottle for applying and storing

hair wax, then that can also lead to infections. Many people are in the habit of shaving their armpits. And if your shaver is unclean or contaminated, then that can also lead to fungal &bacterial infections in your armpits. Armpit infections are either fungal or bacterial infections or sometimes both types can occur together.

How to tell apart the different kinds of infections in armpits - Fungal infections

are usually round in shape and red in colour and it generally itches. Whereas bacterial infections occur in the hair follicles and looks like small red pimples which may also have some pus inside them.

Treatment :

Explain what precautions one can undertake to prevent infections in your armpits.

First off, you will have to maintain general cleanliness such as bathing daily and soaping and cleaning your armpits. I prefer neem soap because neem has natural antiseptic qualities which do not allow fungus and bacteria to thrive on our skin. You should not share clothes with others and neither should you use common towels. Always wear cotton clothes and try to wear loose fitting clothes. If you go out anywhere, then make sure you apply 1% COTRIMAZOLE POWDER in your armpits to prevent fungal infections. If your armpits smell despite all this then it means that you may have an infection. For fungal infections, use Cotrimazole cream or Miconazole cream, twice a day for 2-4 weeks, or until

your problem does not get solved.

You can also wash your armpits with 2% Ketoconazole lotion on alternate days.This remedy is also quite effective in treating fungal infections. In bacterial infections, small red bumps can form inside the armpits and they may also contain some pus. For treating this, you can use Clindac Gel or Erythromycin Gel, twice daily until your infection does not get cured. If, after following all these methods your armpits still smell then it means that you will have to take some oral medication. You will have to take anti-fungal or anti-bacterial treatment for which you can obtain a prescription

and start treatment under the supervision of a doctor for the duration of the medicines course. Your problem will be resolved for sure.

Please put your questions in the comments below and I will try my best to answer them.

whiteheads and blackheads removal

2020-11-03T23:06:00.001-08:00

Treatment of Blackheads and Whiteheads

Blackheads & whiteheads begin forming on our face and body when the pores of our skin get blocked by dead skin cells / the excess oil produced by the skin or the debris and bacteria found on the skin surface. Basically the pores get blocked and closed up.

Among these blocked pores, those that have exposed or open tops become black or dark due to being exposed to the dirt and dust of the environment. These are thus called blackheads or "open comedones" and those blocked pores whose openings are closed off appear as whitish looking small bumps. These are called Whiteheads or "Closed Comedones"

When people begin developing blackheads and whiteheads, they often try to extract them by squeezing them out but doing this is very harmful.

Firstly, squeezing comedones to get rid of them is a bad idea. Because the dirt on the hands gets into the exposed pores of the face.

Secondly, when a black or whitehead is squeezed and it comes to the surface then all the bacteria contained within it, tend to spread on the skin and this can cause a lot of irritation to the skin as well as the possibility of infection. Which can in turn lead to the formation of pimples and black spots and marks on the skin.

Thirdly, Squeezing comedones causes the mouth of the pores to open up and thus become enlarged besides this, it can also lead to scarring.

Treatment for blackheads and whiteheads

Firstly, In order to remove these, many people recommend a facial scrub or recommend the use of steam, another popular method for removal is Blackhead Removal Strips and the usage of masks made from Besan (Chickpea Flour), Rice and also Charcoal.

By adopting these methods, small blackheads are removed and so is the oiliness from skin. But bigger blackheads and whiteheads remain.

Secondly, Another commonly recommended treatment is the usage of Benzoyl Peroxide Gel. This is good for the treatment of pimples but it isn't very helpful in the treatment of blackheads and whiteheads. In order to get rid of black and whiteheads.

The most safe simple and effective technique

Those people who have very oily skin. should, before going to sleep at night wash their face with lukewarm water and a Salicylic Acid Face Wash.

This facewash is made by Cipla and is known as Saslic Foam 2% Face Wash. Another is Saslic DS Foaming Face Wash. Another one in Nidwash Forte, besides Salicylic Acid, this contains Glycolic Acid, Aloe Vera Extract and Vitamin E. All these face washes are available at good medical stores.

You should buy any ONE of these face washes and gently rub it all over your face but it is not to be rubbed in. These face washes will, without any excess rubbing in, remove extra oil from your skin as well as clean out all the dead accumulated skin cells on your skin surface.

At first, use these washes only at night and then if they suit you well then you should use these face washes both at night and during the day also. After using Salicylic Acid Face wash to clean your face when you apply medicine to clear blackheads and whiteheads from your face. Then the medicine is able to penetrate deeper and work much better.

Out of these, the best medicine as well as the most well tolerated one is 0.1% Adapalene Gel. This gel should be applied every night after washing your face on the blackheads and whiteheads on your skin slowly, the black and whiteheads begin to dry up and then fall off and also do not leave any enlarged open pores in their wake.

The treatment which I have told you over here should be supplemented once a week by using a Chickpea Flour Mask or Charcoal Mask, which will give you good results.

Those who have dry or normal skin do not require face wash. Such people need only wash their face with normal water at night and then apply 0.1% Adapalene Gel in 2-3 weeks, blackheads and whiteheads.

Some important

That Retino A cream or any product derived from that family such as Adapalene Gel or Tazarotene Gel all make your skin sensitive to sunlight. That is why, whenever you use these creams use them only at night time and during the daylight hours make sure to wear a 30-40 SPF sunscreen.

Types of Vaginal Discharge

2020-10-31T20:05:00.013-07:00

Vaginal Discharge Types, Causes and Treatment

At some point in time, every woman faces problem with vaginal discharge.

Are all vaginal discharges abnormal?

Is vaginal discharge always a problem?

Any secretion released from vagina is called vaginal discharge.

There are several glands present inside the vagina, that produce these secretions and keep the vagina lubricated. It is essential to have these secretions.

Additionally, there are many organisms in the vagina, such as healthy bacteria that can fight with infections. And these bacteria maintain the pH of the vagina to an optimum level.

If for some reason the optimal pH of the vagina is disturbed, it can lead to infection of the vagina. And this infection will manifest in the form of vaginal discharge.

What discharges are abnormal?

There is the possibility of discharge at different points during the menstrual cycle.

For example, during egg release, you can find a whitish discharge that is due to mucus consistency. But it does not smell unusual and does not irritate. So, it is a normal discharge.

If you are feeling abnormal smell or itching with the discharge or it is an abnormal discharge if it is altered in color such as yellow or green or if blood-stained. That is the time you should seek gynecological help.

What are the causes of vaginal discharge?

There may be different reasons for this. Most commonly it is due to infection infection can occur from any reason. It can be either a sexually transmitted infection or may be due to poor menstrual hygiene.

Now a days some girls insert tampons instead of pads in the vagina during the time of periods. If you forget to remove that tampons it will cause infections by lying inside.

Some women have allergies due to latex that present in condoms. So, whenever they use condoms, they may have vaginal irritation or discharge. Other than this the detergent that you used to wash your clothes or any type of cosmetic product that you applied to your local area that all can cause vaginal irritation or discharge.

In addition, menopausal women, that is, those women whose periods are stopped. Due to the lack of hormones in them, the vaginal layer will be very thin, so they may have recurrent infections. Therefore, women who suffer from menopause also have vaginal discharge problems.

When you consult your gynecologist for the first time they will take your history that is, they will ask some questions.

For example, the duration of discharge, quantity, what are the associated symptoms example stomach pain, vaginal bleeding, or if you have pain during urination? these types of questions. after doing this your examination will be done.

In which we hang the patient and with the help of an instrument we will examine your vagina and the face of your uterus while doing this we can see the discharge that presents in the vagina.

we notice the color of the discharge that is how that color looks. From it, we get an idea of the type of discharge and what caused the infection. Some investigations will also be done along with this important investigations are.

for example, the analysis of water collected from the uterus which we called a pap smear testing. It is a much-needed test. whatever discharges secreted other than this are collected on a glass slide and examined under a microscope.

We can also send this discharge to the lab. In that, we can exactly identify the organism that caused this discharge.

In addition, if you experience any pain or burning sensation while urinating, a urine examination will be advised and sometimes the gynecologist may advise you to test for sexually transmitted infections. because often these discharges occur due to infections. so, you will be advised to test HIV, Herpes.

Treatment

The gynecologist will give you the treatment according to the type of discharge. Because the majority of vaginal infections are mixed infections. So, the treatment you will be given will be a broad-spectrum treatment that covers bacteria, fungus, and protozoan. It is necessary, you and your spouse need to get treatment together.

When you have an infection, and your partner is also taking treatment, it can reduce the risk of recurrent infections.

Usually, the treatment period will be 7-10 days. And most female do respond in that time frame.

*** Some people have a question that, is vaginal discharge normal during pregnancy?

Yes! it may be possible to have vaginal discharge during pregnancy. in fact, some may have excessive discharge during pregnancy. Because of the hormonal effect and there is nothing abnormal in that.

*** The next question is, is the vaginal discharge common in a certain age group?

The vaginal discharge can occur at any age group. It is possible to occur in young teenage girls, reproductive women and also to postmenopausal women.

*** Is the vaginal discharge or white discharge have any effect on general health?

It won't happen medically if anyone has excessive discharges then their daily routine can be disrupted because of that. But medically it won't have an impact on general health.

So, to summarize, That vaginal infections or discharges are a very common problem. and it will not cause any long-term effect in the body if it is treated timely.

In whatever age group you are, consult a gynecologist if you have problems of vaginal discharge. And you can easily treat this with their help.

Causes and Treatment of Itching Skin

2020-10-28T05:29:00.000-07:00

Skin can start itching without there being any physical changes or signs in it. Or else the skin colour can change, for example, skin can get red or it can get inflamed and develop sores or else, skin can become dry and start cracking and then it starts to itch Itching due to dry skin.

Causes :

In many skin diseases, itching is present but all these diseases have different causes and they are also treated in different ways. For example, drying of skin which often happens when people grow older and then skin starts to itch also. But if such people apply natural oils or vaseline to their skin then skin repairs itself, becomes soft and automatically stops itching. Often times we stay indoors, with the AC or heater running plus we frequently bathe with soap both of which lead to dry, itchy skin.

Itching due to allergies If we get an allergy due to any reason such as from wearing woollen clothes or by using any cream, makeup, perfume or soap or by eating something then it is quite possible that the entire skin starts itching. Sometimes people take medicines, which immediately cause an allergy and reaction and this can also lead to whole body itching. During pregnancy, women often experience itching in on the abdomen and in between their thighs because the skin in these areas begins getting stretched In this case, if women apply natural oils to their skin and keep it well moisturised and also minimise usage of soap on their skin then itching is largely reduced. Skin diseases which cause itchiness.

Some skin diseases which cause a lot of itching are - Fungal Infections Eczema &psoriasis Besides this, Scabies causes the development of small sores between the toes and fingers of the hand and also causes skin all over the body to itch which is particularly bad during the night and does not allow a person to even sleep.

Lice are often found in people's head, chest hair and pubic hair which also cause a lot of itchiness in these areas Viral infections such as Chickenpox (Mata-Ki-Bimari) and Herpes Zoster can also cause itching over the entire body. Internal diseases which can cause itching Internal diseases such as liver &kidney problems and blood cancer are not openly visible, but can also lead to a lot of itching in the skin, as one of their symptoms.

Treatment of Itchy Skin :

So as we have seen, itching can be caused due to many issues. That is why it is very important that first the cause of itching is correctly diagnosed and then it is effectively treated. That is why, whenever you are suffering from a skin infection which causes itching you should first consult your doctor and seek their opinion. Give all the details to your doctor about your problem and if needed, also have a skin biopsy done. So that the cause of itching is correctly known.
After this, have yourself treated according to what your doctor prescribes.

Dark Circles Under Eyes Causes and Treatment

2020-10-20T22:03:00.001-07:00

Dark Circles Under Eyes

which happen around the eyes ? causes ?

And how to treat them with medicines ?

And also their treatment with simple home remedies :

That the skin around our eyes is very different from the skin on the rest of our body.

This skin is thinner than the rest of the facial skin, because it contains a lesser amount of elastic, or collagen tissue and it also contains fewer amounts of oil glands, as well as fewer amounts of sweat glands.

This is the reason that the skin around our eyes remains dryer than the skin on the rest of our face. It is also prone to getting damaged more easily and also turns dark easily. In many people, dark circles are a hereditary problem meaning that in the same family many people are affected by dark circles.

Reasons :

The other major reasons for dark circles are sunburn due to sun exposure and, allergies. When a particular cream, lotion, cosmetic or soap does not suit our skin then the first thing to happen is that dark circles begin to form around our eyes. When due to dust, pollution and dirt or when there is a lot of pollen in the air during the spring season then it can cause itching around the eyes. Which makes us rub the skin around the eyes, as well as the eyes themselves. Which results in the formation of dark circles around eyes. There are also some diseases due to which dark circles begin forming around the eyes. Such as anaemia or a shortage of red blood cells, Kidney failure, Liver disease and Tuberculosis etc.

Treatment :

If you are suffering from dark circles.

Then the first thing to do is to take some general measures and precautions.

First of all you must get a simple blood examination done which is known as Hemogram or a Complete Blood Count (CBC). And you must also get a simple Urine Test done, which is known as Urinalysis. By doing these tests, problems like anaemia, kidney problems and diabetes and also TB etc. Can be detected or ruled out.

Secondly, as a daily routine, you should apply around your eyes, Coconut Oil or Almond Oil or Olive Oil. You should do this to prevent the skin around your eyes from drying out.

Thirdly, you should wear sun glasses before stepping out into the sun during the daytime. By doing this, the skin around the eyes will be shielded from sunburn and it will also prevent pollution, dust and dirt from contacting the skin directly

Fourthly, whatever cream, lotion, soap, cosmetic product etc that you use on your face should always be of the best quality, and should contain as little fragrance as possible.

Some medicated creams and serums

which, if used regularly for 3-6 months can greatly reduce or even remove your dark circles. As compared to the "Under Eye Creams"sold by Beauty Companies in the market, these creams which are not only cheaper, but also far more effective.

The first of these is Vitamin C Serum which the Cipla Company makes under the names of "VC 5 Serum"VCX Serum and also as VC15 Serum. The benefits of Vitamin C and the method of its usage.

The second cream is Glenmark Pharma's DeMelan Cream

The third is Kepler Pharma's Glambak Gel. And the fourth is by Microgarcia Company Kojivit Gel. All these creams and gels can be purchased at any good chemist shop You can take any one of these creams or gels or serums and begin using it You must use it every night and apply it well around your eyes before sleeping at night. In the morning, wash the area well with plain water apply Virgin Coconut Oil or you can mix 5 drops of Virgin Coconut Oil and 2 Drops of Vitamin E oil, and then apply it well around your eyes.

This process

This complete process should be done for atleast 3-6 months. which can also be used for the treatment of your dark circles. Here I want to tell you one very important thing. If there is any kind of itching or irritation around your eyes then before using any of the medicated creams recommended earlier you should first purchase Quadriderm RF cream from a good chemist and then apply it for atleast a week, in the mornings. And also at night, in the skin around the eyes when the itching and burning stops completely only then should you use the aforementioned medicated creams on your dark circles Getting rid of dark circles using some home remedies

Firstly, every night, you should apply on the skin around your eyes a mixture of fresh aloe vera gel, and 2 drops of Vitamin E oil this should be done for 3 months.

Second, in Pure honey mix 2 drops of Vitamin E oil properly and apply it well around the eyes before sleeping.

Thirdly, extract the fresh juice of a raw potato every night and apply it around the eyes. Let it sit for half an hour and then rinse it off with plain water and then apply Virgin Coconut Oil (Pure Coconut Oil) on the skin around your eyes.

Fourth, any time during the day thinly slice a cucumber or you could also take a Green Tea bag after dipping it in cool water and then apply either one of these things by putting it on your closed eyelids, and then lying down peacefully for half an hour then clean your face with plain water and apply virgin coconut oil on the skin around your eyes from all these home remedies. If you want the best results then you must implement them for atleast 3 months, from beginning to end.

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Rhus Dermatitis

2020-10-05T22:25:00.007-07:00

Rhus Dermatitis (Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac)

Description :

■ Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac (plants of the Anacardiaceae family) and Toxicodendron species are the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis in the United States; this problematic prototype of contact dermatitis is rarely reported in Europe, although related plants grow in Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America.
■ Oleoresin (lipid-soluble portion) contains a mixture of highly allergenic catechol chemicals called urushiols, a term derived from the Japanese word for sap, urushi.

History :

■ Contact with the plant’s leaf, stem, or root, even in autumn and winter, results in a pruritic bullous eruption within 8 to 72 hours of exposure in a previously sensitized individual and within 12 to 21 days in an individual who has not yet been sensitized (primary sensitization).
■ Primary sensitization can result from exposure to the allergenic plant. This process requires an intact immune system. After an individual has become allergic (sensitized), repeat exposure will cause the rash to occur more promptly (a process called elicitation).
■ About half of American adults develop the rash if they are exposed; 30% to 40% require prolonged exposure to produce the dermatitis.
■ About 10% to 15% of Americans do not become sensitized (allergic).

Skin Findings :

■ Clinical findings vary with the quantity of oleoresin that contacts the skin, the pattern of contact, individual susceptibility, and regional variations in skin reactivity.
■ Findings include pruritic, edematous, linear erythematous streaks, usually with vesicles and large bullae on exposed skin.
■ Airborne particulate matter from burning the plant can result in intense, pruritic facial erythema and marked edema; the eyelids can be dramatically swollen.

■ Trauma to the skin from the plant may leave a temporary black mark on the skin—a clue to exposure and a result of dried and oxidized urushiol allergen.

Course and Prognosis :

■ The itchy eruption lasts from 10 days to as long as 3 weeks.
■ Short courses of oral corticosteroids (e.g., dose packs) are inadequate and may result in a rebound phenomenon with prompt blistering when discontinued.
■ The rash resolves completely without scarring.
■ Impetigo or cellulitis may occur from scratching and secondary bacterial infection (usually S. aureus).
■ Short-term disability and time lost from work are significant occupational problems associated with this contact dermatitis, especially among firefighters, foresters, landscapers, and outdoor workers.

Discussion :

■ Poison ivy is not spread by blister fluid and is not spread from person to person.
■ The allergenic oleoresin can be spread by contaminated clothing, garden tools, or animals.
■ Cross-reacting allergens from other plants of the Anacardiaceae family include mango peel, the oil of raw cashew nut shells, Japanese lacquer, and ginkgo fruit pulp. Individuals sensitized to poison ivy may also react after exposure to these related plants.
■ Poison ivy grows as a shrub or climbing vine. In the United States, Eastern poison oak is typically found in the Southeast, whereas Western poison oak grows typically on the West Coast, in the form of a small shrub or tree. Poison sumac prefers a moist location and is common in peat bogs and wetlands of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.

Management :

■ The skin should be washed with soap to inactivate and remove allergic oleoresin, thereby preventing further skin penetration and contamination. Washing is most effective if done within 15 minutes of exposure.
■ Exposed clothing and tools should be cleansed with soapy water.
■ Short, cool tub baths, with or without colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno), are soothing for itching and swelling.
■ Calamine lotion controls itching, but prolonged use can lead to excessive drying.
■ Oral antihistamines (hydroxyzine and diphenhydramine) may control itching. They are sedating and may be best used at night to reduce nighttime scratching and promote rest, thus offering relief from the
stress of intense itch, which often interferes with sleep.
■ Cool, wet dressings made with tap water or Burow’s solution are highly effective during the acute blistering stage. They are applied for 15 to 30 minutes several times a day for 1 to 4 days until blistering and severe itching are controlled. Cool, wet tap-water dressings are very useful for severe facial or eyelid edema.
■ A medium-potency topical steroid (groups II–V) should be generously applied after the wet dressing. If the periorbital skin is involved, a weaker topical steroid (groups VI–VII) is advised for a specified limited duration (twice daily for 7 days).
■ The immunomodulatory topical therapies, pimecrolimus (Elidel) and tacrolimus (Protopic), are not advised for acute allergic contact dermatitis to poison ivy, given their cost, the amount often required, and delay of efficacy compared with topical steroids.
■ A course of oral corticosteroids for severe, widespread inflammation is started at 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day and is slowly tapered over 3 weeks.
■ A barrier cream, IvyBlock, contains quaternium-18 bentonite that can be successful in preventing the dermatitis or reducing the severity of reactions. However, it is essential that it be applied at least 15 minutes before anticipated exposure.
■ Poison ivy oleoresin in capsules and an injectable form for hyposensitization have been removed from the market as a result of side effects and incomplete efficacy. There are no means available currently for desensitization to poison ivy.

Pearls :

■ The classic presentation of poisonous plant contact dermatitis is variably sized vesicles and bullae appearing in a linear distribution on exposed skin.
■ Generally, repeated exposure over short periods of time (i.e., the summer months) results in increasingly severe bouts of the dermatitis.
■ Oral ingestion of raw or incompletely roasted cashews can cause an internal–external reaction—a sudden erythematous pruritic dermatitis in a characteristic distribution on the buttocks, upper inner thighs, and axillary vault in individuals sensitized to urushiol.

■ Poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac can involve wide areas. The decision to use oral or topical steroids depends on the severity of the symptoms, age of the patient, and potential for short-term adverse reactions anticipated through review of the medical history.
■ Short courses of low-dose systemic corticosteroids are inadequate treatment for severe, generalized cases of poison ivy.

Atopic Dermatitis Causes and Treatment

2020-09-29T04:52:00.002-07:00

Atopic Dermatitis or Eczem

This is often referred to as itchy, red and flaky skin.
Causes of Atopic Dermatitis or Eczema
This is either a genetic disease, in which some outside factor such as dust or pollen or some edible item such as fish and eggs which cause itching and discomfort in people and leave large red itchy patches on the skin.

Symptoms of Eczema

Because this is a genetic disease, it often starts in childhood. Children who are 6 months to a year old suddenly start developing dry red patches on their face and body which also itch a lot. Going ahead, these children often develop disorders like asthma and hay fever. Or, there are other people in the family who suffer from severe allergies like asthma and hay fever. These itchy red patches usually occur on the face or on the body, or in the inside soft part of the elbow. It can also happen behind the knees, or on the ankles. People who suffer from eczema, usually have very sensitive skin. And when their skin itches and they scratch it, then their finger nails can transmit bacterial and viral infections into the blood, through broken skin. That is, sufferers of Eczema, usually also suffer from many other types of skin infections or they develop viral infections like herpes simplex on the skin, along with eczema. How to determine the trigger for Eczema. If you are suffering from Eczema then you first need to think if you ate anything or if you went anywhere where there was dust or pollen for example in the spring season, when there is a lot of pollen in the air.

Or you may have touched an animal which caused an allergic reaction in you leading to itchy, sore skin and red, itchy eyes and similar allergic symptoms. So if you are able to determine the cause of your allergic reaction, whether it was something you touched, or ate which triggered the allergic eczema in you then you should make all efforts to stay away from such allergens.
If you are unable to determine the cause, then you should go to a hospital where a doctor can carry out a PATCH TEST or a PRICK TEST. These tests can reveal exactly what causes your allergy and then you can stay away from the substances which cause your allergy.

What Precautions Sould Eczema Patients Take?

If you are the kind of person who is very prone to allergies then you should do certain things to minimize your chances of getting an allergy and also bringing it under your control for this, you will first have to stop using soap. Soap is a chemical, and whenever our skin is weak and vulnerable we should avoid putting chemicals on it. You should avoid both anti-septic lotions, as well as soap.
You should only have a daily bath with Lukewarm water. In areas where you sweat more, such as in the armpits, groin and under the breast you should wash using a non-soap cleanser only. But you should not use soap.

Our skin produces oil naturally which always remains on our skin in a thin layer and protects skin from sunlight, dust and all kinds of infections. It also keeps our skin soft and supple. Applying soap daily, removes this oil from our skin.
Those who suffer from eczema should avoid keeping pets at home. Because many people are allergic to animal skin dander their hair, and many people are also allergic to bird feathers, especially fine ones. So people develop allergies suddenly due to pet animals in the house, and are unable to figure out why they are allergic. So as a rule, if you or anyone else in your house suffers from eczema, you should not have pets in the house.

If you suffer from eczema, then you should wear either cotton or silk clothes. You should avoid wearing nylon, polyester and other synthetic fabrics, as well as woollen clothes. Woollen clothes are made from animal hair, and can cause allergies. If you have to wear woollens during winter, then you should first wear cotton clothes inside and only then wear woollens on top. Even if you wear a woollen cap, then you must make sure that you wear a cotton cap beneath it.

How to keep skin moisturized in atopic dermatitis/Eczema?

Eczema dries out our skin severely. That is why it is very important to keep skin moisturized and supple. For this purpose you should always use natural oils like Coconut Oil, or Olive Oil. You should massage your body thoroughly with Coconut or Olive oil in the morning, after taking a bath. And half an hour before sleeping at night, you should again massage the body with Coconut or olive oil.
Despite this, if your skin is still dry, then you can rub oil over it 3-4 times a day also. In any case, it is important to keep the skin moist at all times.
If you do not want to use oil If you do not like using oil, then you can use baby cream which does not contain any scent. Because creams and moisturizers which contain scents can make your skin problems worse.
Vaseline can also be used to alleviate the symptoms of eczema. Because it helps to keep the moisture inside the skin and does not allow it to escape. And this keeps the skin quite soft.

Treating Eczema With Medicines

As we know, eczema causes a lot of itching and to reduce that itching we can also take medicines.
For example if you take Diphenhydramine Tablets then your itching will reduce and it will also make you sleepy.
However, if you are driving a car or working with any other machinery then you should not use Diphenhydramine. Because if you fall asleep at the wheel, or while operating machinery, it can be quite dangerous.
In this case you can take Cetrizine which reduces itching, but does not make one as sleepy.

Treatment of Eczema using Steroids

Many times consuming the previously mentioned medicines, does not reduce the itchiness. Then you will have to apply topical creams, and Steroid creams are quite effective for this purpose.
1% Hydrocortisone cream is one of the most effective creams for this. Before using steroid creams, there are certain dangers you need to be aware of.
The first of these is that you should not use steroid creams for more than 1 week. Because these creams cause the skin to thin out and if you overuse them then they enter the bloodstream through the skin.
And once steroids enter the blood stream, then they can prove to be quite dangerous. If the itching persists despite all this or if the eczema patches do not heal completely.

Then you will have to resort to oral steroid medication. Oral steroids should never be taken without proper consultation of a doctor. Please consult a doctor before taking any kind of steroids and only use them under a Doctor's supervision.

Any questions you have in the comments below.

Causes and Treatment for PCOS

2020-09-13T22:33:00.000-07:00

PCOS/PCOD

PCOS or Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome is a very common hormonal problem.
It is most commonly seen in reproductive or childbearing women of age between 20-40 years. In India 1 out of every 5 women are found to have this disease. In this topic we will discuss the symptoms, causes, diagnosis and the treatment options of this disease.

Symptoms of PCOS

Firstly, I want to clarify that both PCOS and PCOD, Polycystic ovarian syndrome and polycystic ovarian disease are the names of the same disease. since it has multiple symptoms, it is called as syndrome.
1. Like irregular periods, if it comes late or fall short. If any women have less than 8 periods per year then it can be considered as a symptom of PCOD.
2. In some women, there is a chance to have heavy periods. Because if it happens after a long time then due to the shedding of thick uterus lining heavy period will occur.
3. Other than this there will be overweight and it is hard to reduce it and most commonly the obesity is found around the waist.
4. The next symptom is excessive hair growth that will occur on your face, chest, back or thighs.
5. Other than this there will be hair loss on the scalp or temple area.
6. In some peoples, there is a chance to have oily skin, it will cause pimples or acne to their face or body.
7. One more important symptom is the difficulty in getting pregnent. In PCOS because of hormonal disturbance, irregular egg formation will take place, due to these periods will come late and also there is a difficulty in conceiving too.

Causes of PCOS

The first one is hormonal imbalance our ovaries will make both male and female hormones but in this disease the level of testosterone will increases. Other than this the prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels will increase and sex hormone-binding globulin will decrease all these will alter the normal ovary function.
The second one is the genetic factor that is if anyone of your family, like your mother or sister has PCOS then you may have a high risk of having the disease.
The third one is Insulin resistance. In our body, there is a hormone called insulin, which digest glucose. In PCOS low-quality insulin will produce because of this, you need to secrete more insulin to digest the same sugar due to this your insulin level will increase and that leads to weight gain.

Conform PCOS Diagnosis

If you are feeling some symptoms of PCOS then you should consult a Doctor your Doctor will ask about the medical history and symptoms like your cycle, skin changes, hair loss, weight gain, and family history. Then we will prescribe you certain blood tests that you have to do in empty stomach or during the 2nd day of your periods. And the name of the test is FSH ie, follicle-stimulating hormone, LH ie, luteinizing hormone, lipid profile, Glucose tolerance test to measure your insulin resistance, Thyroid and prolactin test and if you have acne or hair fall then free testosterone will also be tested. We will also do the ultrasound scanning to check your ovaries and if your ovaries have small cysts ie, polycystic ovaries that will help us for the diagnosis.

Treatment for PCOS

It has two types of treatments
The first one is lifestyle changes. And the second one is medications. We are trying to give you more lifestyle changes so that your medicine intake can be reduced. The first one among this is weight loss. If you have overweight then by weight loss your insulin quality, hormone levels will improve egg formation will take place itself and if you are planning for pregnancy that will also get benefited.

The second one is to follow healthy diet.
Not to eat in PCOS
Usually, I will advise my patients to avoid sweet items like cool drinks, jaggery, honey and even to avoid sweet fruits like sapodilla, mango etc. And other than that you should avoid white flour-based products like biscuits, pizza, burger etc. And you should take starch-rich foods like potato, rice etc in a limited manner. And you should limit the intake of tea and coffee.

Eat in PCOS
In PCOS you can eat protein-rich foods like chickpea, beans, black-eyed peas, eggs, non-vegs etc. Ther than that you can eat green leafy vegetables and nuts like walnuts, chia seeds, flaxseed etc. And in oils, you can take rice bran and canola oil.

The third one is excercise.
Doing exercise in PCOD will improve the quality of your insulin and also reduce insulin resistance you can do any type of exercise, and our recommendation is you should do that 30-45 min in a week for at least 5 days. you can do yoga, Zumba, cross-fit, hit anything you likes but do that regularly.
And the fourth one is proper sleeping, sleep for at least 8 hours, eat timely, reduce the stress that is also very important in PCOS treatment.

Medicines in PCOS
In PCOS the choice of treatments depends on the symptoms that you have. If you have menstrual disturbances we will give you oral contraceptives that are also called birth control pills. This you have to take for 3 weeks and when you complete it you will get periods in the next week like this you have to take it for 3-6 months after that your periods will occur naturally. (What is birth control pills).
If you have weight issue then we will give you Metformin or Myoinositol that helps to reduce your weight and also improves the insulin quality.

If you have acne or hair related problems then we will give you anti-testosterone medicines like spironolactone, Flutamide or Finasteride. The long term use of this improves your hair issues.
If you are planning for pregnancy then your Doctor will give you Clomiphene or Letrozole this will help in egg formation and it starts from the 2nd or 3rd day of periods. It will reduce the estrogen level and increase the FSH that will improve the egg formation and that will help you to become pregnant easily.

Candidal Intertrigo Treatment

2020-09-09T22:59:00.000-07:00

Candida Intertrigo (Candidiasis of Large Skinfolds)

Description

Pink to red maceration, occurring where two skin folds come together.
Warm moist environment leads to disruption of the skin barrier, predisposing to yeast infection.

History

Predisposing factors include obesity, immunodeficiency (e.g. diabetes, prednisone), hot humid weather, poor hygiene, tight-fitting clothing, and use of topical steroids.

Skin Findings

Red moist, glistening plaques with satellite pustules and papules with a fringe of white scale.
Painful fissures frequently occur deep within the skin folds.

Laboratory

Potassium hydroxide wet mount preparation from a pustule or scaly border shows spores and pseudohyphae.
Skin biopsy and a surface culture may be necessary in treatment-resistant cases.

Course and Prognosis

Candida intertrigo usually recurs if the underlying conditions are not corrected.

Differential Diagnosis

Inverse psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Erythrasma
Streptococcal infection
Irritant contact dermatitis

Treatment

Apply wet dressings (tap water or Burow’s solution [aluminum acetate 1 : 40 solution]) with a soft cotton cloth for 20 minutes several times per day to soothe and dry the area.
Application of an antiyeast cream (e.g. nystatin) or an antifungal (e.g. econazole) cream should be applied twice daily in a thin layer.
Oral antifungal agents (e.g. fluconazole 100–200 mg per day for 1 week) treat resistant or severe cases.
Sealing in the skin with a light moisturizer (e.g. Vanicream Lite or Lubriderm) may prevent recurrences by decreasing friction and acting as a protective barrier.
Powders may be helpful to wick away moisture but may clump if there is excessive moisture.
Patients should be encouraged to lose weight and avoid tight-fitting clothing.

Pearls

Nystatin is not effective for dermatophyte infections, and griseofulvin and terbinafine are not effective for yeast infections.
Consider streptococcal infection if the rash is painful and malodorous.
Topical corticosteroid use may predispose to yeast and dermatophyte infection.
Patients who do not respond to antiyeast medications may have inverse psoriasis.

Benefits of Aloe Vera

2020-09-04T23:09:00.004-07:00

Skin, Hair, Health Benefits of Aloe Vera

Aloe Vera Gel and aloe vera juice and their uses, Aloe Vera is called "Dhratkumari"or "Gwar Phata"

This is a very beneficial plant The gel that comes out of this plant is used extensively in skin care products and general health care there are about 250 varieties of aloe vera however, only 4 types out of all these varieties is used for skin care as well as for oral consumption. The aloe vera juice and gel which is sold in tubes and bottles is used extensively by the public.

However, in my opinion if you use aloe vera gel fresh from the leaf then the vitamins that it contains as well as the anti-oxidants and enzymes, are extremely effective. If you wish to plant aloe vera in your home from which you can harvest fresh aloe vera gel then you must make sure to use only that variety of aloe vera which is safe for use on skin, as well as for drinking as juice. Aloe Vera has thick and fleshy leaves and they contain a transparent gel inside which is used in a variety of lotions, creams as well as lipsticks, foundations etc. All in all, the business of aloe vera in the world is worth about 13 Billion dollars In India also, this plant is now cultivated extensively. Aloe vera gel contains powerful anti-oxidants such as Vitamin A Vitamin C &Vitamin E. It also contains a compound called "Aloin"which is a de-pigmenting agent which means that it reduces and lightens dark patches and blemishes and also lightens the overall colour of skin. It also contains Vitamin B12, Folic Acid and it also contains Minerals Besides these it contains Sugar Enzymes and Salicylic Acid. which are basically cleansing agents and these work by cleaning your skin The most important compound that this plant contains is something called "Polyphenol" Polyphenols prevent the growth of many kinds of bacteria and thus protect our body from many kinds of infection.

Treatment of Face

The best methods to use aloe vera

First of all, the best method to use aloe vera is to cut a leaf fresh and then harvest the gel directly from it. Now, to use this this gel to treat the dark patches and blemishes on your face you should apply a mask made from fresh aloe vera gel and apply it nightly before going to sleep. You should cut the leaf from the centre and then apply it in a circular motion all over your face. If you run a knife over the cut leaf, it will result in even more gel being harvested from the leaf. Those who have oily or combination skin should only apply this gel those who have dry skin or normal skin should take a capsule of Vitamin E and break it apart to extract the oil they should then mix this oil by mixing it with the gel on the leaf itself and then applying the mix on their face.

Benefit of Wrinkles

Seconduse of Aloe Vera is that it has anti-aging properties which keep the skin clean and do not let wrinkles form on the skin which makes it an excellent anti ageing agent. Just as I have told you earlier applying a mask of Aloe Vera and Vitamin E keeps the skin clean and prevents the formation of wrinkles also on it.

Treatment of Burnt

Thirduse is that if any part of your skin gets mildly burnt then you should apply fresh aloe vera gel on it which is mixed in with 2-3 drops of Vitamin E oil. Doing this daily 2-3 times every day makes the burnt skin heal well, without leaving any scars. In order to heal skin which is damaged due to Sunburn take two tablespoons of fresh aloe vera gel and mix a teaspoon of virgin coconut oil properly into it then apply this mixture to your skin 2-3 times daily which makes the sunburnt skin heal much faster. Remember, that you must not apply soap on sun burnt skin and you should clean it in the morning and evening, with plain water only.

Benefit of Hair

By applying a hair mask made of aloe vera gel your hair become shiny and strong 1 Hour prior to washing your hair apply a hair mask consisting of 2 tablespoons of fresh aloe vera gel and 1/2 teaspoon of virgin coconut oil You should mix this well and then apply it properly on your hair and then shampoo it off after half an hour. Those who have oily hair should only apply aloe vera gel there is no need to add coconut oil or any other oil to it.

Treatment of Injury

If you have a wound on your skin due to some injury or even if you are suffering from diabetes and suffer from the problem of delayed wound healing should simply take a piece of fresh aloe vera or freshly extracted gel and apply it on the wound and then wrap the wound with gauze. The polyphenols and enzymes present in aloe vera gel clean the wound and prevent the growth of bacteria in it which results in faster healing. Due to the anti-bacterial properties of aloe vera it is used in several home remedies for pimples and acne In case of moderate acne, where there is mild to medium redness you should wash your face with plain water before going to bed at night and then apply fresh aloe vera gel all over your face Next, in the morning, use plain water to wash your face and then apply a good oil free moisturiser to it.

Treatment of Pimples

You can also apply a very effective aloe vera mask for the treatment of pimples and acne In two tablespoons of honey, mix 1 tablespoon of fresh aloe vera gel Also add 1/4 teaspoon of fresh cinnamon powder to this mix Mix these ingredients properly and uniformly then use a face brush to apply this mask all over your face evenly and then let it sit for 15-20 minutes. Then clean your face off with plain water and apply virgin coconut oil or pure coconut oil or you could also use a good Oil Free Moisturiser Honey is a cleansing agent and Aloe Vera &Cinnamon are cleansers, as well as anti-bacterial agents and they dry out pimples/acne.

Yellow Teeth Treatment

In order to keep teeth clean, and also prevent gum decay aloe vera juice is very effective people who are suffering from yellowed/decaying teeth or those who suffer from swelling and pain in their gums or have bad breath and also those who have a white coating on their tongues, which is basically a fungal infection these people, after brushing their teeth in the morning should take fresh aloe vera gel and grind it in a mixer to make a juice out of it. Next, they should hold this juice in their mouth and swirly it properly inside their mouth for atleast 3 minutes and then spit it out. The same should be done at night before sleeping also. Doing this regularly will make your teeth shiny and white and your gum problems will also heal.

Benefit of Drink Aloe Vera Juice

Now, the best method to dink aloe vera juice and also the benefits that one can derive from drinking the juice.

Firstly, extract fresh aloe vera gel straight from the leaf grind it in the mixer and make a juice out of it.

Next, you can mix this juice in either coconut water or any other fresh fruit juice and then consume it. Now, how much juice should you drink everyday. Well, you can drink about 1 cup, or 120 ml of fresh aloe vera juice in a day If you exceed this quantity, you can develop a stomach ache and/or indigestion If you want to drink aloe vera juice then add a tablespoon of aloe vera juice in plain water and then drink it. If you do not have any stomach ache and there is no stomach upset either then you can drink it safely Drinking fresh aloe vera juice is good for the health this cures constipation, acidity and indigestion. Those who suffer from these problems should, first thing in the morning, take a half cup of fresh aloe vera juice mix it in 2 glasses of plain water and then drink it.

Aloe vera juice reduces blood sugar as well and drinking this daily in the morning keeps the blood sugar under control. Those who suffer from diabetes can keep their blood sugar under control if they drink it daily.

Aloe Vera Juice increases the rate of metabolism in our system which increases the natural energy of our body and drinking this helps in weight loss also i firmly believe that those who want to lose weight using apple cider vinegar can get better and more effective results by drinking aloe vera juice instead because fresh aloe vera juice helps in increasing the rate of metabolism in the body and this is also full of vitamins and minerals, so besides reducing weight, this also makes up for the deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body and also prevents constipation.

So, now I've told you the various uses of aloe vera, as well as the different methods of using it But every substance does not suit everyone that is why before you apply aloe vera gel on your skin it is very important to do a skin test apply a bit of gel on the side of the neck and leave it overnight and if there is no redness or burning sensation by the morning then this is safe to use for you.

Treatment of Pimples & Acne Marks

2020-08-31T22:53:00.004-07:00

Basics of treating pimples and acne 80% of people in their teenage years suffer from pimples and acne either to a medium or a large extent. In this topic, I will give you very simple and effective methods for the management and treatment of pimples/acne.

Management and Treatment

Besides this, once pimples heal the red and bluish pimple marks that are left behind on the face will also be dealt with and I will explain how to get rid of them. Mild to moderate pimples can be treated using over the counter gels and creams and by practicing a basic level of facial hygiene and care. In the age group between 15-30 years of age due to a sudden spike in the hormone levels in our system the oil glands in our skin begin producing an excessive amount of oil. This oil, along with the accumulated dead skin cells tend to clog and close the pores of our skin which get inflamed and begin to appear in the form of black and white heads on our skin.

When these clogged oil glands/pores get infected by bacterial activity then it results in the formation of pimples or acne. Steroid medications and birth control medication and conditions like PCOS/PCOD result in hormonal imbalances in our system which can result in an outbreak of pimples at any age. In food, milk and milk products sweetmeats milk chocolate items made of refined flour and oils such as cake pastries pizzas etc. Also promote the development of pimples and acne. Nowadays, stress and the resultant hormonal imbalance it causes, has also become a big reason for pimple and acne outbreaks.

Now, when we start the treatment of pimples there are some basic objectives or aims which we have to work towards
These are -

1. Reduction in the quantity of oil being produced in the skin.
2. Removal of dead skin cells from the skin.
And finally 3. Protecting the skin from bacterial infections and/or inflammation and swelling.

For this, we utilise two kinds of creams or gels. The first of these is Retinoids, such as Retino A and Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide Creams and Gels. All these medicines are available over the counter from the medical store. These creams and gels reduce the oil production in the skin and they promote the development of elastic tissue in the skin and also clean up dead skin cells from the skin.

The next category is Antibiotic Gels. Which heal the infection inside the skin such as Clindamycin &Erythromycin Gel. Now, if there are only blackheads and whiteheads on your face/body then every night, you should wash your face with warm water and a gentle cleanser such as Cetaphil Gentle Cleanser or Pears Soap and then apply either Adapalene 0.1% Gel or you can also apply Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% gel You should apply either of these gels every night until all blackheads &whiteheads are completely eliminated. But most people suffer from all 3 together - Pimples, whiteheads &blackheads that is why they should apply those gels and creams which have oil control cleaning action and also an antibiotic component.

The names of some such good creams
1. Glenmark Deriva CMS Gel Encore Clinred A Gel.
2. Mankind Pharma Acnestar Gel. Out of these you can use any one gel that suits you those people who do not find these mentioned creams/gels suitable can use Azelaic Acid Cream Aziderm 20% Here I would like to mention that all these medicines which I have spoken about make the skin sensitive to sunlight that is why it is advisable to apply these medicines only at night. In morning, wash your face using a gentle face wash and apply an Oil Free Moisturiser and definitely apply a good sunscreen before stepping out into the sun this treatment must be continued until the skin gets completely clear.

If your pimples/acne is not getting sorted out by application of topical creams and gels then you should take advice from your doctor and commence the treatment with antibiotic medicines. For the treatment of pimples, doctors often recommend Tetracycline or Doxycycline the treatment with which must be continued for atleast 3 months non stop.

If after doing all this your pimples are not coming under control or you are suffering from very large pimples and acne which is known as Cystic Acne then you will have to consult your doctor and commence treatment with Isotretinoin tablets. This is a very effective medicine for Severe Pimples &Cystic Acne. But this medicine dries out the skin heavily and affects the liver adversely and pregnant ladies &lactating mothers should absolutely avoid taking this medicine. Because of these harmful side effects, this medicine is to be taken only after physical consultation with a doctor. The dosage, as well as the duration of treatment must be decided in person, only by your doctor.

Remove Red and Black Marks that are Left Behind on Skin After Pimples/Acne Go Away

How does one treat them?
These marks are not the same as scars Scars are those. Scars are those which feel bumpy/uneven on the skin when touched. The treatment of scars is also completely different from that of marks.

Right now, I will only be speaking about the treatment of the red and black marks which are left behind when pimples heal and the process of their removal. These marks are unsightly to look at but the skin feels smooth to the touch on the areas affected by these marks it does not feel uneven or bumpy.

The first step in the treatment of acne spots is Sun Protection or shielding from the sun. When your skin is just about recovering from acne then you should not expose it to the sun excessively and you must always apply a suitable sun screen before stepping out into the sun those who do not find sunscreen suitable, can use Virgin Coconut Oil or pure coconut oil on their skin. And this can also provide an effective barrier to sun rays and prevent sun burn.

The next step in getting rid of marks is Vitamin C Serum. Vitamin C is a wonderful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. This also helps to make the skin colour clearer by lightening the pigment of the skin. Once your pimples are healed, if you apply this serum on your pimple spots every night before going to bed then your skin will heal much faster and the pimple marks will also heal much faster In this, Cipla's VC15 Serum and VC 5 Serum are quite good. Another Vitamin C serum is VC X which also contains Vitamin E &Ferrulic Acid. which makes the serum even more effective. One thing you must keep in mind that whenever you open a bottle of Vitamin C serum it must always be kept inside a refrigeratorand must not be left outside. The next important pointer is that you must only apply Vitamin C serum at night and you should not step out of the house in the sunlight after applying it at daytime because Sunlight causes Vitamin C to breakdown and destruct that is why you must never step out in the sunlight after applying Vitamin C

The other method is Azelaic Acid Cream Aziderm 20% this cream heals pimples and acne and cleans up the complexion of skin and also reduces wrinkles and fine lines.
Besides this, many clinics and doctors advise people to undergo chemical peel and dermaroller treatment but these treatments are best done in a good hospital or clinic under the supervision of experts.

Natural Remedies for The Treatment of Acne Spots

Which are, in my opinion, the most cost effective, safe and useful

Pure Honey &Fresh Lemon Juice Mask this is best for Dry Skin with Pimple Spots. If you apply this mask 4 times a week then your face will become absolutely soft and clear in 2-3 weeks time those people who have Oily Skin with Spots those people need only wash their face with face wash at night and then apply only fresh tomato juice mask or Fresh Aloe Vera mask or Fresh Potato Juice mask. And then go to sleep will see that their acne spots disappear slowly on their own. Those people who are pressed for time can use Isha Yoga Foundation's Tejasvini Mask. This can be bought from the internet (Isha Shoppe). a single packet can be used to apply face masks 10 times. Those with oily skin, should take 1 tablespoon fresh tomato juice or 1 tablespoon orange juice. And add 5gms of powder to it to make the mask and those with dry skin can add 5 gms of powder to 1 tablespoon of pure honey or 1 tablespoon of curd to make the mask. All the masks mentioned previously, should be applied 3-4 times a week for at least 1 or 2 months and this will ensure that all your marks and blemishes get totally cleared and your skin will glow.

All the medicines which I have told you previously as also the natural treatments will definitely yield results if you implement them thoroughly and as per schedule. But the problem is that most people carry out the treatment for a few days and then abandon it. The advice that I have given in this topic will certainly help you in managing and treating your pimples quite successfully.

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN

2020-08-22T23:21:00.001-07:00

Types of Bacterial Skin Infection

1. Impetigo

Erosions covered by honey-colored crusts are diagnostic of impetigo. Staphylococci and group A streptococci are important pathogens in this disease, which histologically consists of superficial invasion of bacteria into the upper epidermis, forming a subcorneal pustule.

Treatment

Impetigo should be treated with an antimicrobial agent effective against Staphylococcus aureus (β-lactamase-resistant penicillins or cephalosporins, clindamycin, amoxicillin–clavulanate) for 7–10 days. Topical mupirocin and fusidic acid (three times daily) are also effective.

2. Bullous Impetigo

All impetigo is bullous, with the blister forming just beneath the stratum corneum, but in bullous impetigo there is, in addition to the usual erosion covered by a honey-colored crust, a border filled with clear fluid. Staphylococci may be isolated from these lesions, and systemic signs of circulating exfoliatin are absent. Bullous varicella is a disorder that represents bullous impetigo as a superinfection in varicella lesions.

Treatment

Treatment with oral antistaphylococcal drugs for 7–10 days is effective. Application of cool compresses to debride crusts is a helpful symptomatic measure.

3. Ecthyma

Ecthyma is a firm, dry crust, surrounded by erythema that exudes purulent material. It represents invasion by group A β-hemolytic streptococci through the epidermis to the superficial dermis. This should not be confused with ecthyma gangrenosum. Lesions of ecthyma gangrenosum may be similar in appearance, but they are seen in a severely ill or immunocompromised patient and are due to systemic dissemination of bacteria, usually Pseudomonas aeruginosa, through the bloodstream.

Treatment

Treatment is with systemic penicillin.

4. Cellulitis

Cellulitis is characterized by erythematous, hot, tender, ill- defined, edematous plaques accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy. Histologically, this disorder represents invasion of microorganisms into the lower dermis and some-times beyond, with obstruction of local lymphatics. Group A β-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci are the most common causes; pneumococci and Hae-mophilus influenzae are rare causes. Staphylococcal infec-tions are usually more localized and more likely to have a purulent center; streptococcal infections spread more rap-idly, but these characteristics cannot be used to specify the infecting agent. An entry site of prior trauma or infection (eg, varicella) is often present. Septicemia is a potential complication.

Treatment

Treatment is with an appropriate systemic antibiotic.

5. Folliculitis

A pustule at a follicular opening represents folliculitis. If the pustule occurs at eccrine sweat orifices, it is correctly called poritis. Staphylococci and streptococci are the most frequent pathogens.

Treatment

Treatment consists of measures to remove follicular obstruc-tion—either cool, wet compresses for 24 hours or keratolyt-ics such as those used for acne.

6. Abscess

An abscess occurs deep in the skin, at the bottom of a follicle or an apocrine gland, and is diagnosed as an erythematous, firm, acutely tender nodule with ill-defined borders. Staphy lococci are the most common organisms.

Treatment

Treatment consists of incision and drainage and systemic antibiotics.

7. Scalded Skin Syndrome

This entity consists of the sudden onset of bright red, acutely painful skin, most obvious periorally, periorbitally, and in the flexural areas of the neck, the axillae, the popliteal and antecubital areas, and the groin. The slightest pressure on the skin results in severe pain and separation of the epidermis, leaving a glistening layer (the stratum granulosum of the epidermis) beneath. The disease is caused by a circulating toxin (exfoliatin) elaborated by phage group II staphylo-cocci. Exfoliatin binds to desmoglein-1 resulting in a separa- tion of cells in the granular layer. The causative staphylococci may be isolated not from the skin but rather from the nasopharynx, an abscess, sinus, blood culture, and so on.

Treatment

Treatment is with systemic antistaphylococcal drugs.

Fatty Liver

2020-08-16T00:04:00.001-07:00

Fatty Liver is a medical condition in which gradually fats build up in the liver.

Many people feel if they have fatty liver then all the stomach complaints related to indigestion or gastric are caused by this ailment, but it is not correct at all.

One of the main reasons of fatty liver is consumption of alcohol, apart from that there are few medicines which can cause the fat to build up in liver.

Apart from that, viral infections such as Hepatitis B,C can cause problems in liver which can also lead to build up fat in the liver.

In today’s age one new reason has come up which is related to our life style. Ailments related to lifestyle such as hypertension, sugar, obesity and high cholesterol in the blood are also some of the reasons. Cholesterol in blood slowly enters into the liver and becomes reason for Fatty Liver.

We call this ailment Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. In short we call it NAFLD.

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is which happens due to alcohol consumption. Both have different reasons but the impact of disease is almost same.

Arises is whether this Fatty liver is harmful for human body ?

It is seen that in maximum cases Fatty Liver doesn’t give any problem to patients but in few people around 15-20% of those who have Fatty Liver, fat which is there in the liver cells gives swelling or inflammation in the cells. We call it NASH Phase means Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.

In few percent of NASH patients this ailment can increase further. In plain Steatosis or simple Steatosis where there is no swelling in liver cells it doesn’t harm at all for years. But in NASH stage where there is swelling in cells, gradually the liver can damage.

Gradually when liver gets swelling, scars occur we call it Scarring. In 15 to 20 year whole liver becomes scarred and sometimes it fails too. Even stage occurs where there is a need of Liver transplantation. But the good thing is, this is very rare condition, and only 8% people reach up to this level. As I told you this ailment is very common so if we talk about general public almost 30% people can have this NAFLT disease that is Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. And those who have problems of obesity, blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, 60% of such population can have fatty liver problem.

If we talk about the symptoms of this then at initial stage there are no symptoms at all. But in almost 10-15% people, it is seen that in upper right portion of our abdomen there is a dragging sensation or heaviness which can be due to this disease. Apart from this there are no other symptoms, they can be seen in very late stage of the ailment. Hence it is necessary to diagnose this disease at a very early stage so that it can be treated.

Nowadays through body check ups like Ultra Sound, fatty liver can be diagnosed. Or else if you are doing abdomen Ultra Sound maybe for kidney in that too Fatty Liver can be diagnosed. In this when we learn if any patient has Fatty Liver then we try to find out whether it is Plain or Simple Steatosis or something that we call simple fatty liver, or is it a NASH as I already said, in NASH stage liver problem can increase further. From tests we try to find out whether it is NASH or Plain Steatosis.

The tests which we mainly do are blood tests such as AZUT, AZPT, complete liver function and special test called Fibroscan which is similar to Sonography, in which we can capture earlier scarring in the liver as well.

Now when we know it is NASH or littleScarring has started then is it curable ?

Yes, it is definitely curable.

As we know this is a lifestyle related disease so the ailments which are causing this if we control them properly such as if we control obesity, BP, sugar level is normal and if we control the amount of cholesterol in the blood, then we can prevent this ailment and those who have this disease in advance stage can be cured. It is seen that if we can reduce our weight by 5 to 10% then easily this ailment can be controlled.

Healthy lifestyle means daily we should have 30 minutes of fast walking, we should change our food habits and we should consume less fried and sweet food. In short we should do 30% reduction of our calories to protect ourselves from these diseases. At the end I would like to say that as this is lifestyle related ailment if we control all other diseases and adopt a healthy lifestyle then we can prevent this ailment and if anybody already has it can be treated.

There are few medicines which are not that much effective and you should always consume these with doctor’s consultation.

Medisay

Low Platelet Count (thrombocytopenia): Treatment

Thrombocytopenia

Roll platelet in body

LOW PLATELET COUNT CAUSES

LOW PLATELET SYMPTOMS

LOW PLATELET COUNT DIAGNOSIS

TREATMENT:

How Pregnancy Happens

Sperm production :

Ejaculation :

Ovulation :

Fertilization :

Implantation :

Diarrhea: Causes, Treatment

Diarrhea

PROBLEMS IN DIARRHEA

CAUSES OF DIARRHEA

DIARRHEA CAUSATIVE AGENTS

SYMPTOMS

PREVENTION

TREATMENT

TREATMENT (acute diarrhea)

COMPLICATION

Gastritis: Causes and Treatment

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Treatment

1. H2 BLOCKERS

2. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS PPI

3. ANTACID SYRUPS

4. HERBAL NATURAL MEDICINE

5. PROTECTIVE DRUGS

6. ANTI-H PYLORI DRUG

Salt Name of Medicines

-prazole

-fenac

-floxacin

-nazole

-mycin

-bital

-caine

-cillin

-olol

-setron

-parin

-zodone

-profen

-dipine

-gliptin

-cycline

-iramine & -tadine

-terol

-pril

-dazole

-afil

-asone

-bicin

-dronate

-lamide

-statin

-lukast

-semide

-tinib

-tretin

-triptan

-zosin

-glitazone

-ridobe

-sartan

-mustine

-pramine & -tytine

-glitazone

-kinase & -plase

-trel

-lutamide

-vir

-zosin

-zepam