NOVIARLI'S MEDIA

CN235 Touch & Go

2011-06-02T05:36:00.002+07:00

CN235-110 Korean Coast Guard, PK-XNE, made in Indonesian Aerospace performed short take Off, touch and go maneuver during production flight test on March 31, 2011 by runway 29 of WICC.

Short Take Off Maneuver

Touch & Go Maneuver

Landing Approach on WICC

2011-06-01T19:10:00.004+07:00

Recorded video of landing approach by Cessna Grand Caravan from Susi Air on runway 29, Husein Sastranegara (WICC), Bandung at about 7:09 AM West Indonesian Time. Pilot was forced to perform steep descent maneuver and touch down in front of tower after go around several times due to low visibility because of foggy weather in Bandung in the morning of June 1, 2011.

IAe's FSX Aircraft

2011-06-01T06:12:00.003+07:00

Following links are aircraft made in Indonesian Aerospace, model file for Flight Simulator X :

C212-400

CN235-100

N250-100

Nose as Medicine for Fatigue and Dizziness

2011-05-27T22:38:00.002+07:00

We have a nostril on the left and right, that's for sure. Does the same function for inhaling and dispose of breath? Actually, no and we can feel the difference. Right side represents the sun, out of breath, and the left represents the moon, out cold. That's our unique nose that in fact not much noticed.

If dizziness, try to close your right nostril and breathe through your left nostril and do think - about 5 minutes, the headache will be cured. If you feel tired, close your left nostril and breathe through your right nostril. Perform back.

Soon, you will feel refreshed. For your right nostril hot issue, so easy to heat, release the left nostril cold. Women breathe more with their left nostril, so calm down easily. Men breathe more with the right nostril, so easy to anger.

Did you ever notice when you wake up, whichever nostril breathing faster? The left or right? If the left nostril breathing faster, you will feel very tired. Close your left nostril and use the right nostril to breathe, you will get refresh quickly. The way it should be taught to children, but the effect will be more effective if applied to adults.

It's an experience, try the tips apply without these side effects. Many others have tried and succeeded. It is a natural therapy, such as taking medicines for a long time may have side effect. So why do not you try? Practice the correct ways of breathing therapy (interesting and out of breath), the condition of your body will be very relaxed.

Pelawan Wood (Tristania Abavata) & Fungus

2011-05-26T17:56:00.002+07:00

Pelawan Tree

Pelawan wood is said to only grow in the forests of the Bangka island, particularly in the interior of the island. Ax form and color and artistic make this wood has its own characteristics. Pelawan wood is very special for the people of Bangka. In the era stove is still a luxury item, pelawan wood is the main ingredient in the Bangka firewood stove to cook, who sold a bonded-bound trucks. Although now retired as firewood, pelawan wood was still flying as useful wood and high economic value because of the honey produced by bees who suck the nectar of flowers which are honey bitter pelawan tree distinguished prime quality for the health of honey reputed contrarian. Also species of fungi which grow on wood umbrella is very popular as well as quality and high nutrition in Bangka language who were known as Kulat Pelawan (Pelawan fungus). Mushroom or black fungus price is expensive on the market. Now, worth about Rp 400 thousand per kg and it was very tasty after cooking curry coconut cream or sauteed. 

Pelawan fungus is one fungus that expensive for the size of country boy bags. Because of scarcity, supply of pelawan fungus could not be ascertained.

Pelawan fungus
 In its habitat, the pelawan fungus occurs only once a year in the rainy season. Mushrooms only grow at the foot of the pelawan tree, one of the rare tree species found in the forests of the island of Bangka. While still fresh, it colours red burgundy.

To get a pelawan fungus, they must hunt to remote forest. They get it too chancy. If lucky, they could gain 3 kg a day of hunting.

When you buy a pelawan fungus, choose clean. Therefore, the location of the fungus at the foot of the tree caused it in direct contact with soil. After all, mushrooms are covered with soil will be heavier in the scales.

Residents of Bangka cook it thoroughly. Mushrooms are washed thoroughly and boiled until the meat is first cooked and tender mushrooms. In cooking soupy, pelawan fungus inserted after stir spices, coconut milk before casting. Plaintiff cooked first because harder. In Bangka Belitung, soupy dish side by side with boiled cassava leaves and shrimp paste.

Survival Stories

2011-05-25T20:06:00.000+07:00

1. Survival Against the Odds

Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Antarctic expedition of 1914 would ultimately  fail, but the hardy crew he mustered would still win honour and  recognition for its ability to survive against the odds. 

After their ship Endurance was crushed in pack ice, the crew  abandoned the plan to cross Antarctica on foot and the aim became  merely to survive. Over two years, Shackleton led the crew across ice  floes, then in lifeboats to a camp on Elephant Island where for six  months the main group would subsist on seal meat and blubber.

Shackleton took five men around the island to the north and then  across 800 miles of treacherous ocean to South Georgia Island. He then  hiked with two others for 36 hours across the island’s uncharted  interior to a whaling station with another three months to go before he  could safely reach the crew left on Elephant Island.

He later wrote, “We had suffered, starved and triumphed, grovelled down yet grasped at glory… We had reached the naked soul of man.”

2.Lost in the Amazon

“I was obsessed with the idea of exploration,” Yossi Ghinsberg told CNN Traveller magazine on the recent release of his book Lost in the Jungle: A Harrowing True Story of Adventure and Survival.

It describes how in 1981, Israeli-born Ghinsberg and three companions  set off into the depths of the Bolivian Amazon. When they realized they  were ill-equipped for the journey, and lost, the four broke off into  pairs; two were never seen again. 

Ghinsberg and his friend Kevin were to float a raft downriver, but it  caught on a rock and they were split up. For 19 days, Ghinsberg  wandered helplessly in a brutal environment.

Fortunately, some local men had found Kevin and helped him search the  river for Ghinsberg. Miraculously, they discovered him, alive and with a  new understanding of his weaknesses and strengths.

3. Two Weeks in an Ice Cave

In 1982, Mark Inglis and Phil Doole were high up the slopes of New Zealand’s highest mountain, Aoraki Mt. Cook, when a blizzard hit.

They built an ice cave and waited for the storm to pass, but it would  be 13 days before help could reach them. They survived on meagre  rations, but in the cramped cave they lost circulation in their legs,  which had to be amputated.

This hasn’t stopped the men’s climbing careers. Both have gone on to  summit Mt. Cook, and in 2006, Inglis became the first double amputee to  conquer Mt Everest, losing five fingertips and more flesh off his legs  to frostbite, though none of his strength of character. 

He told the New Zealand Herald, “When you lose your legs when you’re 23… something like this is just a minor hiccup, just a bump in the journey, really.”

4. Stranded in the Andes

It’s a story so extraordinary it has spawned several books, a  Hollywood film, an acclaimed documentary and an official website, and  can be recognized with just one word: Alive.

When the plane carrying a Uruguayan rugby team crashed in the Andes  in October 1972, the story should have ended there, but it was only just  beginning. Of the 45 people on board, 12 died in the crash or shortly  afterward, another five passed away the next morning from injuries,  another on the eighth day, then eight in a later avalanche. 

The remaining 16 struggled through extreme cold and starvation before resorting to cannibalism of those who had perished.

When it became clear help wouldn’t come to them, Nando Parrado and  Roberto Canessa hiked for days out of the mountains and eventually found  help. The most recent, and arguably the most sensitive retelling of the  72-day saga is Gonzalo ArijÃ³n’s 2007 documentary, Stranded: I Have Come From a Plane That Crashed on the Mountains.

5. Stuck Between a Rock and a Hard Place

Amputating your arm with a blunt knife is a task the average person  would find virtually inconceivable. But on May 1, 2003, it was the only  option left to Aron Ralston after an 800-pound boulder fell on his arm,  pinning it to a canyon wall. 

After five days, the little food and water he had was gone and it was  unlikely anyone would find him in the remote canyon in Utah.

In his book, Between a Rock and a Hard Place,  he describes how he managed to literally break free, first using the  boulder to leverage his arm until the bones snapped and then sawing away  at muscle and tendon with his pocket knife. He then had to rappel down a  65-foot wall. He was walking back to his car when hikers found him. 

The 33-year-old continues to climb, including all of Colorado’s 55  peaks higher than 14,000 feet, and is also a motivational speaker.

6. Mountain Odyssey

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were descending from the summit of the  20,813-foot-high Siula Grande in the Peruvian Andes when disaster  struck-twice. First, Simpson slipped and broke his leg. Then, while  Yates was lowering him down, Simpson went over a cliff and was left  dangling on the end of the rope.

Yates couldn’t see or hear Simpson and held on for an hour as he was pulled down the mountain.

Controversially, he cut the rope (which some say was against the  mountaineering code, while others say it ultimately saved both men’s  lives) and safely descended. Simpson dropped into a crevasse, and though  severely injured, was able to abseil down to the bottom from the ice  shelf he landed on. From here, he spent three days dragging himself  across five miles of rough terrain, with no food or water and in great  pain.

He crawled into base camp in the middle of the night and was reunited  with Yates, who, after recovering from his own injuries, was planning  to break camp the next morning. The harrowing tale of survival is told  in detail in Simpson’s book, Touching the Void, and the documentary of the same name.

7. Struck Down in the Pacific

Sailing the South Pacific may seem like an idyllic pursuit, but when  American Tami Oldham Ashcraft and her British boyfriend Richard Sharp  were caught in a category four hurricane 19 days into what should have  been a 30-day crossing, the dream turned into a nightmare.

It was 1983 and they were en route from Tahiti to San Diego to  deliver the 44-foot sailboat Hazana. Battered by Hurricane Raymond’s  50-foot waves, Hazana capsized. Ashcraft, sheltering below decks, was  knocked unconscious. When she woke 27 hours later, Sharp was gone, his  safety line broken, and while the boat had righted itself, the mainmast  had snapped.

In the May 2002 issue of National Geographic Adventure,  Ashcraft described how she had to fight the desire to just give up, how  she fixed a makeshift mast and sail, rationed her supplies and plotted a  course for Hawaii, 1,500 miles away. 

Forty days later she sailed into Hilo Harbor, still in shock but  thankful to be alive. She continues to sail and in 2000 published an  account of her ordeal in the book, Red Sky in Mourning.

8. Three Months in the Outback

When a walking skeleton over six feet tall appeared in front of his  jeep in April 2006, Mark Clifford, a farm manager on a remote property  in Australia’s Northern Territory, must have thought he was seeing  things. The skeleton was 35-year-old Ricky Megee, who had been lost in  the outback for an incredible 10 weeks.

Apparently drugged and left for dead by a hitch-hiker he had picked  up (though he also claimed his car had broken down), Megee survived by  staying close to a dam and eating leeches, grasshoppers, and frogs.

While police and the public had doubts about the story, especially  when it came to light that Megee had minor drug convictions, there’s no  question he was lost in the outback, for whatever reason, and lucky to  have survived.

Mt. Gede Expedition

2011-05-22T05:58:00.009+07:00

Expedition to Mount Gede (2958 m asl), by climbing route of Selabintana (Sukabumi) participated by 3 men on May 14th, 2011 

Gede Pangrango GPS Track (Zone 48M-UTM-WGS84)

Click following link to see Gede expedition photos on Facebook : Gede Expedition

Grouper Fish Investment

2011-05-05T18:54:00.001+07:00

Swallow (Collacalia fuciphaga) Cultivation in Indonesia

2011-05-03T20:39:00.001+07:00

BRIEF HISTORY

Swallow is a bird-eating insects that are aerial and likes to glide. This dark-colored birds, flying faster with body size medium / small, and has a narrow crescent-shaped wings and pointed, legs are very small as well as its beak and bird species has never perched in a tree.

Swallow has a habit of living in the caves or houses are quite humid, dimly lit until dark and use a palate to attach the nest as a place to rest and breed.

LIVESTOCK CENTER

The ranch quail numerous in Sumatra, West Java, East Java and Central Java

SPECIES

Swallow classification is as follows:

Superorder: Apomorphae

Order: Apodiformes

Family: Apodidae

Sub Family: Apodenae

Tribes: Collacaliini

Genera: Collacalia

Species: Collacaliafuciphaga

BENEFITS

The result of this is the nest swiftlet farms made of saliva (saliva). Swallow nest is in addition to having high prices, could also benefit the health duni. Swallow nest is useful to heal the lungs, in the heat, blood circulation and energy booster.

LOCATION REQUIREMENTS

Environmental requirements cage locations are:

Lowlands with a maximum altitude of 1000 m above sea level.
Areas that are far from the reach of influence of technological progress and development of society.
Areas that are far from wild birds disorders meat-eaters.
Rice Field, grasslands, open forests, beaches, lakes, rivers, marshes are the most appropriate areas.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING
Preparation of Facility and Equipment

1. Temperature, Humidity and Lighting

House to swallow the cage must have a temperature, humidity and lighting similar to natural caves. Natural cave temperature ranges 24-26 degrees C and humidity of ± 80-95%. There are many ways to raise snails in the cage, by setting the temperature and humidity conditions :

Coat the ceiling with 20 cm thick husk
Making water channels or pools in the building.
Using the ventilation of the pipe with "L" shape by distance of 5 m of the hole, diameter 4 cm.
Closing the meeting doors, windows and unused holes.
In and out of the hole given the antidote to the funnel-shaped beam of jute or black cloth so that the situation in the building will be darker. Prefer dark atmosphere swallow.

2. Building Construction

Generally, the house swallow such a large building, the extent varies from 10x15 up to 10x20 sq meter. The higher (ridge) and the greater the distance between ridge and ceiling, the better house and more preferably swiftlet swiftlet. Houses should not be obscured by tall trees.

Building outer walls are made of the cement mixture. The inside walls should be made from a mixture of sand, lime and cement with a ratio of 3:2:1 which is excellent for controlling the temperature and humidity. To reduce the smell of cement can be watered every day.

The roof frame and the bulkhead where the attachment of the nests are made of strong wood, elderly and long-lasting, durable. The roof is made of tiles.

Swiftlet building needs to be supplemented by roving room as a place berputarputar and resting room as a place to rest and nest. And out of the hole where the bird-sized 20x20 or 20x35 sq cm made at the top. The number of holes depending on the needs and condition of the building. Located holes do not face east and the walls painted black holes.

Seeds Preparation

Swiftlet breeders generally do by accident. Number of bird that circled the house building was used by farmers. To lure the birds for more, homeowners prepare a tape recorder that contains sound recordings of birds Swallow. There is also a stacking hay did that produce small insects as a food ingredient swiftlet.

1) Selection of Candidates for the Master Seed

As an elected parent birds swallow Swallow who labored to want to nest in the new building. How to lure birds into the Swallow for the new building by using the cassette recordings of wuara Swallow or Swallow. Screening is done at 4:00 p.m. to 18:00 hours, ie when the birds come back looking for food.

2) seed treatment and Prospective Parent

In the swiftlet farming, need to be prepared to swallow the eggs hatched at Swallow bird's nest. Eggs can be obtained from building owners who are doing the swiftlet "how to throw an egg harvest." Harvest was carried out after the swallow bird nest and lay eggs two eggs. Swallow eggs were taken and discarded then the nest is taken. Eggs are removed in this harvest can be used to multiply the swiftlet population with menetaskannya on the Swallow nest.

a. Selecting Eggs Swiftlet

Eggs are harvested consisted of 3 kinds of colors, namely:

- Pink, eggs just out of the cloaca parent aged 0-5 days.

- White redness, aged 6-10 days.

- White-black dark, near the time of hatching was 10-15 days.

Swallow eggs elliptical, size 2.014 x 1, 353 cm with a weight of 1.97 grams. Characteristics of good eggs have to look fresh and should not be stayed except in hatching machines. Hatching eggs are good to have a relatively small air sacs. Stable and not shift from its place. Location of egg yolk must exist in the middle and not move, can not find blood spots. Determination of the quality of egg on top is done by observation.

b. Bringing Eggs Swiftlet

Eggs obtained from a distance close to the form of eggs that were young or middle-aged. While the eggs from a distance, preferably in the form of eggs that have been close to hatching. Eggs arranged in a hollow sponge with a diameter of 1 cm. Sponge inserted into the perforated plastic basket and then closed. Shocks vehicles and air-conditioning is too cold can cause the egg to die. Young eggs had a mortality rate of nearly 80%, whereas older eggs are lower.

3) Hatching Egg Nest

a. How to incubate eggs in the nest swiftlet Swallow.

At the time of the bird nesting season arrives Swallow, Swallow egg is replaced with swallow eggs. Intake of eggs should be with a plastic spoon or paper tisue to avoid damage and pollution that can cause bird egg Swallow do not want mengeraminya. Replacement eggs done in the daytime when the birds Swallow out of the building looking for food.

Furthermore, swallow eggs will be incubated by the bird after hatch will Swallow and nurtured to swallow can fly and find food.

b. Swallow eggs hatch in incubators

Temperatures around 400 C deg. incubator with humidity 70%. To obtain the moisture is done by placing a plate or saucer filled with water at the bottom of the egg rack. Arranged for water in the cup was not finished.

The eggs inserted into the egg rack evenly and do not overlap. Twice a day behind the position of the eggs carefully to avoid damage to the embryo. On the third day of observation carried eggs. The eggs are empty and the embryo dies discarded. Embryos die mark can be seen in the middle of the eggs have a dark circle of blood. While living embryo eggs will look like cobwebs. Reversal of eggs made to day-to-12.

During the hatching machine should not be opened except for the purpose of filling the cup reversal or humidity regulator. After 13-15 days the eggs will hatch.

Treatment

1) Nursing

Children newly hatched bird that is not hairy and very weak. Children that have not been able to swallow food sendir need to be fed with ant eggs (fresh Kroto) three times daily. During 2-3 days the child swallow it still requires a stable and intensive heating so it is not necessary to issue from hatching machine. After that, the temperature may be lowered 1-2 degrees / day by opening the air hole machine.

After the age of ± 10 days when the hairs are growing child swallows moved into a special box. This box is equipped with a heater placed in the middle or corner of the box.

After the age of 43 days, the kids are ready to swallow the fly was taken to the building at night, then dletakan in the rack to release. High rack at least 2 m from the floor. With this height, the child will waket to fly the next day and follow the way of flying swallow adult.

2) Source of Animal Feed

Swiftlet bird is wild birds that eat their own. The food is small insects that exist in the paddies, open land, forests and coastal / marine. To obtain a satisfactory swallow nest, swiftlet house managers have to provide additional food especially for the dry season. Several ways of generating insects are:

planting crops with intercropping.
cultivation of insect infestation of dried cassava and mosquitoes.
create a pool dipekarangan swiftlet house.
rotten fruit piled in the yard.

3) The food quality on a regular basis

To be successful with a good result of conducting required quality and feeding regularly. The food is based on the quality of food and mealtime habits. Good quality food will determine the quality of snail meat. Quality of good food can be met by providing a feed that preferably leaves and fruits. For example, leaf and fruit papaya, spinach leaves, cucumber eggplant fruit, swai and so forth.

PEST AND DISEASE

1) Rat

These pests eat the eggs, young birds even nest swiftlet. Rats bring noise and dirt, and urine can cause an uncomfortable temperature. How to prevent rodents by closing all the holes, not hoard junk and wood that will be used to nest rat.

2) Ants

Fire ants and the ants eat the children swallow itchy and annoying bird that is laying eggs. How to eradication by providing bait for the ants that are outside the nest surrounded him. After that ant doused with hot water.

3) Cockroaches

These animals eat bird's nest so that her body defect, a small and imperfect. How to eradication by spraying insecticides, keep clean and dispose of unneeded items removed so as not to become a hiding place.

4) Gecko

The animal was eating eggs and nest swiftlet. Geckos may eat the child swallow. Droppings can contaminate the roar and the temperature generated unsettle swiftlet. How to eradicate the expelled, arrested while the reduction by creating a water channel around the fence to the barrier, outer wall is made smooth and painted and the holes are not used to close.

HARVESTING

Bird's nest may be taken or harvested if the situation is allowed to be picked. To do need a way and picking specific provisions for the results obtained can meet the quality of a good swallow nest. If an error occurs in harvesting would be fatal to the building and swallow itself. It is possible to feel tergangggu swallow and move anywhere. To prevent that possibility, the building owners need to know the technique or pattern and timing of harvesting.

The pattern of bird's nest harvesting can be done by building management swallow in several ways, namely:

1) Harvest booty

This method is executed after the nest ready to lay eggs, but the couple has not had time to swallow it spawn. This method has the advantage that the interval between harvest fast, good quality bird's nest and the total production of more nests per year. The weakness of this method is not good in pelestaraian walrt birds because there is no rejuvenation. His condition is weak because it was triggered to continuously build a nest so there is no time to rest. The quality of the nest that is down into small and thin because saliva production is not able to keep up pemacuan time to make nests and lay eggs.

2) Harvest Throw Eggs

This method was done after birds making nests and laying two eggs. Eggs were taken and discarded then the nest is taken. This pattern has the advantage that in a year can be harvested up to 4 times and the resulting nest quality was good as perfect and thick. The drawback is, there is no chance for the swallow to incubate their eggs.

3) Harvest Hatchery

In this pattern nests can be harvested when young children swallow hatch and was able to fly. The weakness of this pattern, low-quality nest because it is damaged and contaminated by feces. While the advantages of breeding birds can swallow with a quiet and safe so that the population of birds can be increased.

The harvest time is:

1) Harvest 4 times a year

Harvesting is done when the swallow was at home with a home that has been densely populated and its population. Ways in which the first crop harvest is done by pattern booty. As for the next harvest with the pattern of egg waste.

2) Harvest 3 times a year

Frequency of harvest is very good for swiftlet building which has been running and still require the addition of the population. Ways in which that is, harvest to harvest tetasan first and then with the pattern of loot and throw eggs.

3) Harvest 2 times a year

How this is done at the beginning of harvest management, because the goal is to multiply the swiftlet population.

POST HARVEST

After the harvest swiftlet Dalu collected after cleaning and sorting of results obtained. Yields kotorankotoran cleaned of attached which then performed the separation between a clean swallow nest with dirty.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Approximate analysis of swiftlet farming in West Java in 1999:

1) Capital equipment

a. Building USD. 13,000,000, -

b. Renovation of the building USD. 10.000.000, -

c. Supplies Rp. 500.000, -

Total fixed capital of Rp. 23,500,000, -

Cost Depreciation / month: Rp. 23,500,000, -: 60 months (5 years) to Rp. 391 667, -

2) Working capital

a. Procurement Costs

- Eggs Swiftlet 500 grain @ Rp. 5.000, - USD. 500.000, -

- Transportation USD. 100.000, -

- Eat USD. 50.000, -

b. Employment Costs

- Maintain cage / month @ USD. 5000, - x 3 bln USD. 15.000, -

- Harvest USD. 20.000, -

Total cost of production 1x: Rp. 650.000, - + USD. 35.000, - USD. 685 000, -

3) The amount of capital needed at the start of Production

a. Fixed capital of Rp. 13,500,000 -

b. Production 1x working capital of Rp. 685 000, -

Total capital of Rp. 14,185,000, -

4) The production capacity for 5-year 1-time production:

a. bird's nest to produce 1 kg

b. Swallow nests produced 15 kg

c. for 1 year, 4 times the production, resulting in:

- 4 kg bird's nest

- 60 kg Swallow bird nest

d. for 5 years, 20 times the production, resulting in:

- 20 kg bird's nest

- 300 kg Swallow bird nest

5) Production costs

a. Fixed costs per month: Rp. 23,500,000, -: 60 months - USD. 391 667,

b. Costs are not fixed USD. 685 000, -

Total Production Cost per month USD. 1,076,667, -

Total production Rp.1.076.667: 16 kg (Swallow and Swallow) USD. 67 292, -

6) Sales

a. bird's nest 1 kg USD. 17,000,000, -

b. Swallow bird's nest 15 kg to Rp. 3.000.000, -

For the first time the production of Rp. 20.000.000, -

For 5 years

a. bird's nest 20 kg to Rp. 340 000 000, -

b. Swallow bird nest 300 kg to Rp. 60,000,000 -

Total sales of USD. 400 000 000, -

7) Break Even Point

a. Income for 5 Years USD. 400 000 000, -

b. Production costs for 5 years USD. 1,076,667 x 60 bln Rp. 64,600,000, -

c. The advantage for 5-year USD. 335 400 000, -

d. Net profit per production 335 400 000: 60 bln USD. 5.59 million, -

e. BEP 232 919

8) Return of Capital 3 months (1 x production)

Agribusiness Opportunity Overview

Bird's nest is a high-value export commodities. The need for a bird's nest in the international market is very large and is still lack of supply. This is caused by the still less the number of swiftlet farming. In addition, the production of existing swiftlet nest is a production of natural nests. Raising bird's nest is very promising if properly managed and intensive.

Business Intelligence, Business Solutions Intelligently

2011-05-03T19:49:00.000+07:00

Competition in the business world were increasingly tight. Just like a  game, the arrival of new players to encourage the old players to make a  strategy to defeat the enemy. Businesses who was declared the winner is  able to provide products or services that fit customers' needs are  often changing. For that way of doing business, companies are required  to determine smart business strategy. 

Error in determining the strategy will impact on the elimination of  the company by other competitors that are superior. In terms of  determining business strategy requires a support for the availability of  accurate and fast. This information is used by companies to generate  business projections and then analyzed further for the results can be  understood and used as a basis for decision making. That is the right  business decisions depends on the knowledge gained from data analysis  activities of a company. Historical data collection and analysis is done  manually it will take a long time.

Now by utilizing the advancement of Information Technology (IT), the  decision can be performed quickly, precisely targeted, efficient and  able to encourage companies to be better. What system is able to  overcome this?

The answer is a Business Intelligence or BI is abbreviated as IT  solutions in order to present the data in business activities making it  easier to analyze and make wise decisions based on accurate information. Business Intelligence first appeared in 1989 and introduced by  Howard Dresner of Gartner Group research institute.

He said that Business Intelligence is a series of applications and  technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and presenting data  access to help corporate executives (executive management) in making  decisions. BI can provide competitive advantage (competitive  advantage) for the company through the use of data, information, and  knowledge (knowledge) owned by such companies as raw materials in the  process of decision making. BI also promises the ability to  determine what is desired by the customer, product and market. Judging  from his ability, BI will help once in business with an intelligent  decision.

BI is a basic system for almost all conditions that involved making  business decisions and strategies. But, does not mean  BI becomes the main object of the decision makers in business. However,  there remains an absolute decision on the part of management. BI is only  used as support in providing knowledge to decision-making process. So  BI is indirectly helping the company to stay afloat in the face of  challenging situations such as falling revenues, reduced the number of  visitors, the decline of sales transactions, and so forth. In principle,  the the manager who took the best decision based on information  obtained from BI.

BI advantages compared to other computer systems is the ability to  identify solutions by providing relevant information and easily combined  with decision-making and be able to adapt to changes. If supported by good BI implementation structure, companies can  adapt intelligently to give offerings to suit customer needs. BI is also  often associated with efforts to maximize the performance of a company.  BI is able to assess business performance from a variety of angles  fields (multidimensional) so that information about business performance  can be done from the aspect and any time period. Although complicated  because the data is used so much, but the result is an in-depth analysis  and from a wider perspective. This is much needed both by companies of  any level and any industry to stay ahead in an increasingly tight  competition.

Simply put, BI works by collecting operational data from various  enterprise sources such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM),  Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), or  other source data. The source data then undergo a process called ETL  (extract, transform, load) that is selected from the data source data  mature, uniform (standardized), merged into one single database and  then loaded in the data warehouse. Furthermore, in the form of data  warehouse fact tables and dimension. Which contains the fact table is  the value which will be reported, while dimension tables will be the  parameters of that size. Blend of fact and dimension tables will form a  cube. Cube will define the size (measure) and of this cube will be  analyzed from various perspectives who then called OLAP (Online  Analytical Processing) and results in the form of reports and analytic  queries. Furthermore, these results can be visualized in a variety of  media that is required. We have had a lot of IT companies that  issued the Business Intelligence applications to corporate circles as  Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, SAP, SAS and others. However, there are also  applications such as Pentaho open source BI, YALE, SpagoBI, OpenI, Palo  and Talend. The application also supports various forms of  visualization of the analysis results including those currently popular  is the dashboard. Dashboard contain graphical components that can help  management to monitor the performance of its business.

Simply just look at the dashboard screen in seconds already be known  indicators of problematic and immediately make decisions for solving the  problem of not getting bigger. In my opinion, using the dashboard is  more profitable because more dashboards quickly communicate important  information through the presentation of data in the form of  visualization and easy to use. But did not rule out another BI  application forms are also able to help improve business performance  such as portals, alerts, user application data mining, and others.

Until now, BI is widely adopted by business people both outside and  in Indonesia. Although the investment to implement BI in the company but  not least will see results and the gains will greatly help businesses  to stay afloat in the future. But the company still must be vigilant  with the use of BI applications in accordance with its capacity. If not,  investment will be wasted. So the main thing before implementing BI in  the enterprise is the company's business strategy should have  well-defined. That way the BI strategy with business can run in harmony  so as to bring the business to achieve its goals.

Hopefully this article can provide some insight for companies in Indonesia to be able to do business smarter with BI.

Observing Solar Eclipses Safely and Simplified

2011-05-03T19:39:00.000+07:00

Solar eclipse events often make a scene, yet it is common natural phenomenon, although considered somewhat rare. One cause of the uproar is concern about the safety of the eyes, the fear that led to blind to see the eclipse.

Pupil

As the diaphragm in cameras, the human eye has a pupil that can widen or narrow to measure the amount of light entering the eye. In  the dark atmosphere, the diameter of the pupil dilated to 8 mm in order  to collect enough light that lets people see in the dark. In the summer, shrank to 2 mm in diameter, was even able to shrink to about 1.6 mm when faced with blinding light.

But by the pupillary light dosing no limits, no blocking power beam of sunlight is so intense. If  calculated, the direct light from the sun should be attenuated 50,000  times in order to be safe for the eyes, made the original strength of  0.00002. Otherwise, people are desperate to challenge the sun is likely to be blind.

Therefore, daily sun glare beam always be avoided.  But when the eclipse comes, people get interested to observe the sun's  face being turned into a crescent. Forget the mainland was possible,  unaware about the dangers.

Because at the time of eclipse, solar beam was  blocked in part by a month so that nature becomes dim and pupils were  dilated. Right at the top when people look up to stare the sun, the  pupil has not had time to react, when the sun's surface brightness  remains the same with the enormity of the daily, the shrinkage in size  only to form crescent. It's certainly an enormous danger that threatens  blindness. The more so if looking through binoculars, camera or other  optical instrument that is not modified, because there is a lens that  focuses light on it and greatly increases the danger.    
Do not  ever see the solar eclipse with the naked eye, especially with  binoculars or cameras that are not equipped with a special equipment.

Box

Eclipse Monitoring Box

No need to worry, there are a number of safe ways to observe the  event, not necessarily once a year stop in the same region. The  principle that is widely used is not seen directly but watched the image  of the sun on a surface. As another way, the sunny weather is certainly  needed. A tangible example of a simple cardboard box that can be made  yourself (see picture).

Field over an area of ​​approximately 30cm x 30cm were given a small hole (often called  Pinhole)  In diameter about 1 mm at a distance of 5cm from the edge. Through this  hole, the sun will break through to form the image on the surface in  the field below. The higher the size of the box, the image of the sun  getting bigger. But for the sake of practicality, it is enough if the  high box between 50 to 80 cm.

Furthermore, on the edge of the field of widening the  hole created as a place to taste for both eyes to peek inside the box.  In use, with his back to the sun, the box held her eyes peered inside.  Box dimiring-tilt slightly to find the best direction that produces the  image of the sun in the field below.

Two reasons that make this box safe. Firstly because  of the small hole to allow only incoming bit stream sun. Both because we  are observing with his back to the sun, keep the eyes from the  spotlight of the sun.

The same principle is also found in other places.  Those who do not have time to make the box can be prepared under the  trees that still get a little sunlight, so that in normal circumstances  reveal bright dots on the ground. Consider the tiny dots that, when the  solar eclipse into crescent shape. If the wind blows the leaves shake,  sickle-bright crescent funny even then moving around. 

Why Animals Can Walk On Water?

2011-05-03T18:54:00.000+07:00

More than 1,200 animal species have evolved the ability to walk on water. Not only small animals such as insects and spiders, some reptiles, birds and even mammals are also developing this talent.

Although there are many techniques for walking on water, but are categorized in two patted and rolled, according to the paper in 2006 from the journal Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics.

Small animals into the categories slide. Insects, like a water spider, can glide or run faster at the surface of the water. These creatures are quite small and its weight can be supported almost entirely by surface tension, which is a relatively weak bonding strength of water molecules together.

For these animals, gliding through the water similar to how humans can be lifted in the trampoline, according to John Bush, a mathematician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who specializes in fluid dynamics.

When walking on water, insects or spiders hit the water, his legs bent and damaged surface, but not until the break. Surface and then bounced back, pushing upward.

Surface tension makes power like that might happen. Water molecules were attached to other water molecules around it, in all directions.

However, water-resistant leg is also required. It has a microscopic layer of dense hair on their legs, which can be coated with water-repellent wax. Or hair trap from the air cushion around their feet.

"Without these adaptations, the water will soak the feet like sinking through the trampoline," said Bush.

For larger animals, can walk on water with a pat. The strength of surface tension is too weak to support body weight is greater.

Basilisk lizards, birds including Western Grebe water even some dolphins tail can walk on the surface with sufficient strength and speed to keep their bodies do not drown.

Basilisk lizard, for example, can run at speeds of more than five meters per second with a tap water with its hind legs. That pushed the water from his feet, and create a small air pocket around the foot. But lizards have to move his feet fast enough, so that the air bag did not close around the legs and dragged him into the water.

Small lizards can more easily generate the force needed to lift them out of the water. While the larger must square off on the ground to achieve the momentum required, to support the weight and still survive.

Most animals can only travel a short distance above the water. Some such as the basilisk lizard, do it to avoid predators on land. While others such as fishing spiders for food. And the others do so as part of an elaborate mating ritual, like the Western Grebe.

Seaweed Investment in Bangka Belitung

2011-05-03T06:42:00.000+07:00

South Bangka Government

South Bangka Government

Electrical Energy Saving Tips at Home

2011-05-03T04:59:00.000+07:00

The use of electrical appliances in the modern era is increasingly broad and diverse, including heavy industry to the household. Household electrical appliances in general are designed for efficient power consumption / saving, but in practice still found in a waste of electrical energy.

This can occur because of the use of equipment in a manner that is less precise. The principles that need attention and cultivate the attitude of electrical energy saving in households, among others:

Connect the power of electricity as required. Households small example, with enough power 450 VA or 900 VA, households are enough to power 900 VA to 1300 VA.
Choosing the right equipment and household needs.
Shape the behavior of household members economize electric energy, such as:

Turning power tools only when necessary.
Using power tools in turn.
Using electric power to supplement household income (productive).

Step-by-step use of household electrical appliances in saving electrical energy consumption:

1. Refrigerator / Freezers.

Choosing a refrigerator with the size / capacity accordingly.
Opening the refrigerator door as necessary, and in certain conditions can be maintained for closed meetings.
Filling the refrigerator as necessary (do not exceed capacity).
Placing the refrigerator away from heat sources such as sunlight, stove.
Leaving the refrigerator at least 15 cm from the wall / walls of the house.
Does not include food / beverage is still hot into the fridge.
Clean the condenser (located behind the fridge) on a regular basis from dust and dirt, so that the heat release process went well.
Set the refrigerator temperature as needed / not too low, because of the lower / cold more and more electrical energy consumption.
Turning off the fridge when unused for long periods of time.

2. Electric irons

Adjust the heat level required by the fabric to be ironed.
Clean the bottom of the iron from the crust that can inhibit the heat.
Turn off the iron immediately after ironing is completed or when will be left to work on another.

3. Television, Radio, Tape Recorder

Turning off the television, radio, tape recorder, and other audio visual equipment when not watching or not heard.

4. Water Pump.

Using a water tank and water pump turned on only when water in the tank is running low, or use automatic control system.
It would be better when using the buoy automatic circuit breaker, which would cut off electrical current to pump water when the water is full.
The more often pump water "living dead", the greater the power is used.
Choosing the type of water pump in accordance with the requirements and that have a high level of efficiency.

5. Fan

Opening vents / windows of the house to facilitate air into the house.
Turning on the fan as needed and turn off when not necessary anymore.
Choosing a fan that has a timer (timer) and set the timer as needed.
Set the fan speed as necessary.

6. Air Conditioning (AC)

Choosing energy-efficient air conditioning and power according to the size of the room.
Turn off the AC when the room is not used.
Adjust the room temperature sufficiently, do not set the AC too cold.
Closing the doors, windows and ventilate the room for hot air from the outside not inside.
Placing AC as far as possible from direct sunlight for cooling effect is not reduced.
Cleaning the strainer (filter) with regular air.

7. Washing Machine

Choosing a washing machine with a capacity in accordance with the amount of laundry every day.
Using a washing machine in accordance with its capacity. When you exceed the capacity, to increase the load of electricity. When the laundry is a bit try to wash by hand only.
Dryers should be used only during cloudy or rainy. When a sunny day in drying alone.

8. Rice Cooker

Choose a rice cooker with a capacity in accordance with needs.
Leaving the rice cooker in an upright position so that the electric breaker tool will work fine.
Cook rice according to the capacity of a rice cooker.
Try to cook the rice near the time of eating.
Always check the automatic electric breakers. When the tool is damaged then the electricity will continue to flow into the heating element even though the rice is cooked.

9. Dust vacuum (Vacuum Cleaner)

Choosing a vacuum cleaner in accordance with needs and with sufficient power.
Cleaning the dust bag immediately after use vacuum cleaner.
Using a vacuum cleaner to work hard enough, if for light work / small just use a broom and other cleaning tools.
Immediately turn off the vacuum cleaner when the motor gets hot or changes in the motor sounds, the possibility of something that interferes with work vacuum cleaner.

10. Lighting Lamp

Using energy-saving lamps.
Using electronic ballasts and installing capacitors on the type of fluorescent lamp / Neon.
Turning on the lights only when necessary only, and turn off lights when not needed anymore.
The color of the walls, floors and ceilings that light is very helpful in improving the efficiency of lighting.
Install appropriate lighting / as close as possible to the illuminated objects.
Adjust furniture so as not to obstruct light lamp.
Clean the lamp glass when dirty / dusty so as not to block the light.

Professional with Highest Stress Level

2011-05-02T18:32:00.000+07:00

Each individual must have wanted a profession that has a low stress  level, but with relatively high incomes. Not infrequently, there are  professionals who actually do not realize that profession today  actually provoke large stress levels.  

Business Insider found 10 jobs that have  the highest stress level in the world, especially in the United States.    

The survey was obtained from studies made CareerCast.com stress  level of 200 types of work based on the work environment, income, future  prospects, deadlines, level of competition, and travel.   

The article was released in Careercast is indeed referring to the  type of work performed in the United States. However, many of these jobs  well done by most people in Indonesia, maybe even start and will grow  here.  

Here are 10 jobs with the highest stress level:  

1. Commercial Aircraft Pilot  
Stress levels: 59.53 
Working hours per day: 9 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 106,153 (Rp955, 37 million) 

Pilots of commercial aircraft is responsible for the safety of  hundreds of passengers when the plane flew above the altitude of a  thousand feet with a high speed.   
Pilots sometimes have to fly the plane in the middle of bad weather conditions and work long hours. 

2. Public Relation Officer   
Stress levels: 47.6 
Office hours: 9 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 90,160 (Rp811, 44 million) 

An official Public Relations (PR), often have to give a presentation  and explanation in public. Work has a very strict level of  competition and corporate leaders often ask PR to create and   maintaining good corporate image.  

3. Company Senior Executive 
Stress levels: 47.41 
Working hours per day: 11 hours 
revenue per year: U.S. $ 161,141 (Rp1, 450 billion) 

Corporate Executive has many different jobs. They are expected to  have knowledge in almost all departments of a company. so that the  employees at this level are expected to make decisions that impact on  all employees. This company officials also have very long working hours.     

4. Photo Journalist  
Stress level: 47.09 
Working hours per day: varies 
Revenue: U.S. $ 40,209 (Rp361, 88 million). 

Photojournalist should always be on site when a major incident  occurs. Is it war, shootings, natural disasters, a photojournalist  constantly present in those locations. In dangerous conditions, they  present to capture the moment and proclaim to the world.   

5. News Reporter
Stress levels: 43.56 
Working hours per day: 8 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 50,456 (Rp454, 104 million) 

Newscaster compete with other television stations competing to be  the first to preach the information to the public. Often, reporters  working from the studio but more reporters who jumped into the field  where the incident occurred.     
Conditions straight news reporting from the field often lead news anchor position in a potentially dangerous situation 

6. Account Executive of Ads Company 
Stress levels: 41.05 
Working hours per day: 9.5 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 62,105 (Rp558, 945 million) 

An account executive is required to work more creative, attention to  detail, able to motivate yourself. All these demands must be run in the  middle of work to manage large corporate clients as well as working under deadline pressure.      
Field where the work of account executives also includes having a  very high level of competition. Moreover, if advertisement is the main income  for the company.  

7. Architect   
Stress levels: 39.93 
Hours worked per day: more than 8 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 73,193 (Rp658, 73 million) 

Architects worked with the pressure of tight deadlines both in terms  of planning, design, construction, commercial and residential space.  Safety of a building in the future also become part of the work of the  architects who are required to make more careful planning.   

8. Stock Broker  
Stress levels: 39.70 
Hours worked per day: 8 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 67,470 (Rp607, 23 million) 

Stockbroker responsible for fund investors who saved in the stock  and bond investment products. With the stock market conditions are  constantly changing, the responsibility of brokers to maintain  investment in order to investors remain invest are things that can create stress.   

9. Emergency Medical Staff
Stress levels: 39.68 
hours worked per day: varies 
revenue per year: U.S. $ 30.168 (Rp271, 512 million) 

Emergency medical staff or may be the same with Ambulance  officers are the first in every event that requires emergency medical  treatment. In addition they act as a determinant of life for patients  from the scene to the hospital.    
Ambulance officers often work in the timeframe yng work long and often exposed to night work quota.  

10. Property agent   
Stress level: 38.57 
Working hours per day: 9.5 hours 
Revenue per year: U.S. $ 40.357 (Rp363, 213 million) 

Agents selling property have erratic working hours, sometimes working at night and weekends.   

GPS Terminology

2011-05-01T17:07:00.000+07:00

2D Mode

2-dimensional coordinate system for positioning the use of at least 3 satellites visible.

3D Mode

3-dimensional coordinate system for positioning using 4 or more satellites visible.

Acquisition time

The time required for the GPS receiver to the starting position with the satellite signal . Generally, four satellites to determine the 3D location, and three satellites to determine location of 2D.

Active Feet

Active navigation route of travel.

Almanac Data

Data sent through the GPS satellites, including satellite orbit position, cluster, and other information. Almanac data increase the search speed satellite by the GPS receiver.

Anti Spoofing

To prevent the acceptance and use of code-P by a third party in the wrong way to send information through the P-code modulated. United States Defense Department from receiving such information.

Auto Clock

Is a precision clock that uses sesium or element rubidium. Error margin is estimated to be one second for every million years.

Beacon

Nondirectional transmission station is mounted to improve the accuracy of GPS positioning. Used to calibrate the GPS pseudo distance, where the transmission station is located. If the GPS receiver located in the area that can receive and utilize this data, the positioning accuracy can be improved.

Coarse Acquisition Code (Code C / A)

GPS Satellite emit a standard position signal for use by the public. These include the time and positioning information to GPS receivers value is accurate to about 100m.

Normal Initiation

A GPS receiver must execute a series of tasks at the time of initiation system initialization, for example downloading almanac data. This process is also called initialization .

Control Segment

Surface consists of a supervisor station is used to track and control the satellite operation. Its main function is to calibrate and maintain parameters required for the normal operation of each satellite, so that each satellite can send the right message to the receiver user.

Coordinate

The format for displaying a set of numbers that describe your location on Earth.

Universal Time Coordinated (UTC)

In 1986, Greenwich Mean Time established as the world standard time. This assessment is based on atomic measurements rather than based on the rotation of the earth. Greenwich Mean Time is still the most basic standard time (longitude zero). Time is saved by the GPS satellites.

Layer

A direction as measured from the starting point to end point (measured by degrees, radians, or miles)

Layer Deviation Indicator (CDI)

During the navigation, to prevent excessive deviation from the layer, layer width can be adjusted, namely by enabling features of the CDI. On the ship or aircraft that deviate from the boundary width, the GPS will automatically be issued a warning and displays the distance that has been distorted from the route.

Original layer (CMG)

Relative direction as measured from the starting point to your current location.

Layer on the surface (COG)

Direction of relative motion at the surface.

Layers for the Steering

The direction that should be maintained to achieve the intended destination.

Cross Lanes Error (XTE / XTK)

Distances are distorted from the initial layer regardless of their direction.

Datum

Mathematical model designed specifically for computing the earth's surface. Certain geodetic coordinate system using latitude and longitude reference.

Target Impressions (DTK)

Beginning and end of the compass direction between the point of passing.

Differential GPS (DGPS)

A technology to improve the accuracy of GPS precision. This technology can reduce selective interference, pause transmission and other negative effects. This technology also can reduce the error satellite positioning accuracy up to 10 meters.

The weakening of Precision (DOP)

If the quality of reception and geometric shapes of satellites received and the user inter-related and has a huge influence, an error resulting from these factors is called the attenuation factor precision. This situation is categorized as follows: GDOP (Geometric DOP), PDOP (position DOP), HDOP (horizontal DOP), VDOP (vertical DOP) and TDOP (DOP time).

DOD

United States Department of Defense, the agency that oversees the GPS system.

Elevation

The average vertical distance from sea level.

Ephemeris

Satellite positioning data and time information as part of the satellite data messages; set ephemeris apply within a few hours.

Estimated Position Error (EPE)

Errors resulting from the use of DOP and satellite signal for estimating the horizontal direction.

Estimated Time Route (ETE)

Estimated time to destination by using the current speed.

Estimated Time Arrival (ETA)

Estimated time to destination.

Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites that circulate around the Arctic region. This system consists of six lanes, with outstanding satellite at an altitude of about 20,200 km. It takes 12 hours for the satellite to circle the earth, which provides the correct information for the user receiver. We also can call the system NAVSTAR.

GLONASS

Russian global satellite positioning system.

Greenwich Mean Time

This technology is used to calculate the time from other places on Earth by using the prime meridian that passes through Greenwich, England. This term can also be called Universal Time Coordinated.

Lattice

General spatial diagram that consists of vertical and horizontal lines. On the map, this lattice will form a rectangular area. Lattice can be used when making a point between.

I / O (Optional interface)

Specifications for GPS data transfer interface in one direction or two directions with another device, for example, navigation plotter, autopilot and other GPS devices.

Initialization

If the GPS receiver turned on and has determine a position for the first time, next time turn on again, the GPS receiver will use satellite orbit data previously saved, and also the position of the last shutdown time from the receiver to receive and quickly calculate the coordinates of your current location without the need for a long time to wait for satellite information.

Reverse Route

To return to the starting point, a route is configured with the destination point as a new starting point, and the initial point of origin as a new destination point.

Frequency L1

One of the two types of bearer radio channel is transmitted through the GPS L; frequency of 1575.42 MHz L1 with a wavelength of 19cm. L1 modulated with two types of interference sem-random code is called by the code C / A-code and P, as well as satellite information at 50 bps.

L2 Frequency

One of the two types of bearer radio channel L is transmitted through the GPS; L2 frequency of about 1227.60 MHz with a wavelength of 24cm. L2 only P-code modulation, and satellite information at speeds of 50 bps.

Latitude

The location north or south of the equator as measured by 0-90 degrees. Every minute of latitude equals 1 nautical mile.

Leg (Route)

The route or path from the origin to destination, each point is the point between, and parts in between the two points between called the foot.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

The display that uses liquid crystal module in a changing electric field to produce images. When an electric current through the liquid crystal module, the molecular composition will change and produce a centralized imaging. The screen technology is called the LCD screen.

Local Area Augmentation System (Laas)

Supports differential GPS when terrestrial plane landed. (20-mile distance).

Longitude

Distance is measured from the prime meridian in the east or west (measured in degrees). Prime Meridian is the longitude that passes through Greenwich, England, from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Search System Radio Direction Distance (Loran)

Using the characteristic direction of the radio system that allows the recipient to know in detail the position relative to the station, which is used as a reference point for navigation. This system was developed by the United States Coast Guard.

Magnetic North

This is magnetic north, as observed in needle-based magnetic compass.

Magnetic Variation

Because it can affect Earth's magnetic field in the change of planetary movement, the magnetic compass can cause errors. Is the deviation of magnetic north from true north, which is usually about 3 degrees to the west.

Map View

Use the map to display the geographic area and characteristics of the location.

Multiplex Receiver Unit

Is one GPS receiver technology . Channel used to receive signals from multiple satellites berangkai. These conditions provide a low-accuracy positioning, and also vulnerable to the effects of dark in the forest.

Multilane

This term refers to the effect multilane carrier signal from the GPS receiver produced by the refraction of the barrier in the vicinity. When GPS signals are transmitted and received by the antenna via two or more lanes, a condition called multilane effect.

Sea mile

Is a unit of length for air and sea navigation. 1 nautical mile is equivalent to 1852 meters.

Navigation

The direction and path that determines the movement. Movement activities can be either a plane, boat, car, walking or other similar activities.

Navigation Message

Each unit contains a GPS receiver system time, clock calibration parameters, the model parameters ionospheric pause, ephemerism satellite and other data. This information can be used to process the user's GPS time, location and speed, and also referred to as digital data.

NAVSTAR

Is the official name given by the U.S. government for the GPS satellite system. NAVSTAR Range and Time short for satellite navigation.

NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association)

U.S. standards committee responsible for determining the data structure, content and communication protocols boat and the GPS receiver.

NMEA 0183

A standard data communication protocol used by the GPS receiver, another type of device navigation and marine electronics equipment.

North-Up Display

The top of the display screen on the GPS receiver called the north.

Parallel Channel Receiver Unit

Acceptance of sustainable composite channel used to receive satellite signals continuously.

Code Code-P-P

GPS is accurate (or protected) - a long string of pseudo-random code phase-modulated double through 10.23 MHz GPS carrier wave that repeats every 267 days. Each GPS satellite P-code is specific only in a particular week, and is reset each week.

Pixels

Is the basic unit that forms the LCD screen. The more pixels, the higher the resolution.

Sure Position

The GPS receiver has calculated the geographical coordinates of the location.

Position Format

Method performance is determined by the position of the GPS receiver on the screen. In general, displayed in degrees and minutes, but can also display degrees / minutes / seconds, or just a degree, or another type of lattice coordinates.

Prime meridian

Is zero degrees longitude. As a reference for measuring longitude on the east or west. Main meridian through Greenwich, England.

Pseudo-Random Code

One of binary digits; like noise in nature. The important thing from this is that the binary sequence has a minimum value of auto correlation, with the exception of leg Zero.

Pseudo Range

Left displacement must copy the code GPS receivers, and then compile them with the code GPS receiver unit (correlated). When the transfer is the difference between the time measured in time units and the time of the satellite receiver.

Radio Technical Committee for Maritime Services (RTCM)

Is an international organization that is responsible for developing communication protocols between the GPS receiver and a variety of radio beacons, including DGPS Broadcast Protocol.

Route

Formed by a number of points between navigation commands based on your target route, which can be inserted sequentially into the GPS receiver for navigation purposes.

Sky Search

Is the message that is displayed when the GPS receiver to search the sky to get satellite signals that can be used.

Selective Availability (SA)

Selective Availability (SA) U.S. Defense Department is random noise that is used to reduce the accuracy of GPS positioning to a radius of 100m. This disruption is temporary, with no definite duration and can not be controlled. The main consideration was the national security.

Space Segment

Part of the satellite global positioning system intact.

Speeds above the surface (SOG)

Is the real speed of the GPS device relative to the surface . Difference in sea and air velocity can occur due to the influence of sea and wind conditions. For example, an aircraft flying at 120 knots in 10 knots of wind speed which has a surface speed of only 110 knots.

Army Mile

Units of length measurement is used in the United States and the countries that speak English. One mile is equivalent to 5280 feet or 1760 yards (1609 meters).

Straight-line navigation

Is the most direct distance from one point to another point of doing the round.

Track Back
Is a special feature of Garmin GPS products that allow you to return to the home position of the current location.

Trace Display On
The direction of movement is always displayed at the top of the screen.

Impressions (TRK)
Current direction of travel relative to the position of the surface (same as COG).

Triangulation
When the satellite is in orbit, a set of coordinates that represent its location is always available (value unknown). The coordinates of the GPS receiver is not known. When the satellite to send information, the time that has elapsed time represents the difference between the clock on the satellite and the clock in the GPS receiver. Multiplying the difference this time with the radio transmission speed (the speed of light) to calculate the distance between the satellite and the user receivers. With the trigonometric relationships, a series of formulas can be calculated.

Actually North
North Pole is the direction of Earth. North magnetic compass will measure the Earth with little deviation due to the influence of a magnetic field. GPS devices are able to rectify this error.

Flip (TRN)
Corrections should be made at this time to restore the route towards the initial goal.

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
International time standard common to use Greenwich Mean Time as the reference point, also called Greenwich Mean Time or time Zulu.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Projective coordinate system in the world, measuring the distance from the North to the East by using the reference point to obtain the display format. UTM is the primary coordinate system used by the United States Geological Survey topographic map .

U.S.C.G.
United States Coast Guard; in particular are responsible for providing assistance for all maritime navigation the United States, also provide differential GPS.

User Interface
Is a method used by GPS receiver to transfer information to the user. Data exchange is done through the display screen and keypad on the receiver.

User Segment
Global satellite positioning system that includes a GPS receiver.

Current speed (VMG)
Effective speed of the correct route.

Point between
Point locations can be stored and recognized in the GPS receiver.

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
Provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) United States to improve the accuracy of the GPS receiver.

WGS-84
Geodetic system used is the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84). WGS-84 is the international geodetic coordinate system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense and is a protocol Earth coordinate system.

Faithful Friend of Your Trip

2011-05-01T15:49:00.000+07:00

What  would the goods that must be taken if you intend to travel, away from  home? Perhaps you will say, any item required, just come to the nearest  store and buy it. However, it turns out in certain situations, money can  not be a major rescue you, especially if the goods you are referring to  are not available in the goal area. 

Well, to anticipate the crucial  issues on the trip, should provide the following items in your gift bag  or suitcase :

Identity cards (Students Card, Passports, etc.) Always take it you need to remember the raids are often held by local authorities and identification card shall be requested by the hotel or rental car. If necessary, keep a photocopy or scan in your e-mail as a backup when things happen that are not desired (such as loss).
Money in cash for emergency purposes. Put in a special place, such as secret pockets in clothing or bag. Reserve money is very helpful when a credit card can not be used or ATM can not be found.
Hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect you from hot sun.
Shoes and flip flops are strong and comfortable to wear for your walk route crashing.
The key and padlock for your bag, to avoid the hands of ignorant who intend to take your valuables on the trip.
Bag for transporting empty souvenirs you buy on the trip.
Earplugs are very useful when you want peace without interference annoying noises.
Dental floss, bandages, and shaving cream; personal equipment that should not be left behind to make sure your appearance still excellent during the trip.
Waterproof jacket, to deal with heavy rain that often comes suddenly.
Anti-mosquito lotion, protect you from bites that often can cause malaria or dengue fever.
Blankets to warm up your night sleep.
Another important thing is to keep thinking positive and always happy throughout the trip. Bring your MP3 player, crossword, cameras and even the books of humor to relieve boredom on the trip. Put your smile always to brighten your days away from home.

The journey had been prepared and was ready to step foot to explore the archipelago. Let's go!

Garmin Colorado 400t

2011-05-01T06:18:00.000+07:00

Garmin's  Colorado is a rugged, waterproof outdoor handheld GPS that  can be used for hiking, boating, camping, in the car, or  Geocaching. 

Available in 4 different versions, the Colorado 400-series sports an  innovative scroll wheel joystick controller, is the first GPS to support  Whereigo ("Where I Go"), Groundspeak's newest twist on Geocaching  (think virtual scavenger-hunt meets Geocaching), ships preloaded with  World Base Maps in shaded relief, has a digital compass and  altimeter,  and can be paired with a heart rate monitor and/or speed and cadence  sensor for fitness use.

GPSmagazine puts the Colorado 400t through its paces, and finds out if Garmin's newest handheld is worth the $599 sticker price.

1. Colorado: One GPS, Many MapsGarmin offers four  Colorado models to choose from:
     Features     300     400i     400c     400t   
     World Base Map     Yes (DEM*)     Yes (Satellite)     Yes (Satellite)     Yes (DEM*)   
     U.S. Inland Lakes Mapping     Optional     Yes     Optional     Optional   
     U.S. Bluechart Mapping     Optional     Optional     Yes     Optional   
     U.S. TOPO Mapping     Optional     Optional     Optional     Yes   
     Price     $499     $599     $599     $599   
* Digital Elevation Model
All 4 Colorado models are identical in terms of hardware, and all  three 400-series models have the same retail price of $599, while the  300 model retails for $499.  
The 300 and 400t include the "Digital Elevation Model" (shaded  relief) World Base Map. Garmin believes the Colorado is the first  outdoor handheld GPS to use this level of resolution. The 400t version  comes with built-in TOPO maps for the U.S., and includes a detailed 3D  elevation perspective (looks almost like a photograph).
The 400c version is geared towards boating, and ships with coastal  waters maps for the coastal U.S. and Bahamas. The 400i comes with maps  of inland, lakes, and navigable rivers.
All four Colorado models can be upgraded to use additional maps. The  Colorado has 3GB of internal memory, but there's only about 120MB of  unused space, so you'll need to buy an SD memory card if you plan to use  additional maps. 
Garmin's additional maps are available on DVD and can be transferred  to the Colorado via a PC, and Garmin also sells maps on SD cards ready  for use in their GPS units. Additional maps range in price from $29 to  $299, depending on the map and coverage area, and are available via  Garmin's website and other online retailers.
2. SpecificationsSize: 5.5" H x 2.4" W x 1.4" D (14 x 6.1 x 3.6 centimeters)
Weight: 5.9 ounces (167.26 grams) without batteries installed
Display: 1.53" x 2.55" backlit color TFT display (240 x 400 pixels)
Case: Rugged, metal-plated, waterproof to IPX7 (submersible)
Temperature Range: From -4 to 158 Fahrenheit (-20 to 70 Celsius)
Receiver: 12 channel WAAS enabled/High Sensitivity
Acquisition Time: <1 second (warm), <33 seconds (cold), <36 seconds (autolocate)
Antenna: Built-in Quad Helix
Compass: Accuracy: +/- 2 degrees, resolution: 1 degree
Altimeter: Accuracy: +/- 10 feet, resolution: 1 foot, Range: -2,000 to 30,000 feet
Power: Two AA batteries (alkaline, NiMH, or lithium)
Battery Life: Up to 16 hours
Map Storage: Internal or SD Card
3. Colorado Overview
Figure 1: Garmin Colorado, Front 
The Colorado feels extremely well built and sits nicely in the palm  of your hand. The unit is constructed of matt finished metal and is  framed by a thick rubber material that protects the unit from getting  scuffed during outdoor use, and also helps keep water/dust/etc. out of  the sensitive areas. Note that the Colorado is waterproof rated to IPX7  (can be submerged in water).
The large, 1.53" x 2.55" (3-inches diagonally measured) backlit color  TFT display occupies almost all available surface area. Compared with  other Garmin handhelds, the Colorado has a larger display.
An innovative scroll wheel / joystick (Garmin calls this the Rock 'n Roller) sits at the top of the unit, and is flanked by left and right soft keys.
The antenna is quite short, making it easy to cary the Colorado in your pocket.

Figure 2: Garmin Colorado, Rear 
An included carabiner clip slides onto the mounting spine on the back  of the Colorado, making it easy to clip the GPS onto your clothing or a  backpack.

Figure 3: Garmin Colorado, Top 
To turn the Colorado on or off, press and hold the Power key. Press  and quickly release the Power key to turn on the backlighting.

Figure 4: Garmin Colorado, Top 
A protective rubber "weather flap" keeps the USB and external GPS  antenna connector safe from the elements. The rubber flap is attached to  the Colorado, so you won't need to worry about losing it.

Figure 5: Garmin Colorado, Left Side 
The Colorado measure 1.4" thick. The back of the case has a slight  curve to it, making the unit sit comfortably in the palm of your hand.

Figure 6: Garmin Colorado, Right Side 

Figure 7: Removing the Battery Cover 
To remove the battery cover, lift the latch and slide the cover off the back of the Colorado
It takes a fair amount of force to get the cover off the back of the Colorado, but it's easy once you get the hang of it.

Figure 8: Installing the Batteries 
The Colorado takes two AA batteries. Battery life on the Colorado is  excellent - up to 16 hours if you're using lithium batteries.

Figure 9: Colorado's SD Card Slot 
The SD data card slot is located on the bottom of the unit, as shown  above. Note that the SD slot is only accessible when the protective  battery cover is removed; during normal use the SD slot is protected  from water, dust, etc. 
Garmin sells additional maps on SD data cards, or you can use your  own data card and purchase Garmin's maps on DVD and transfer the maps  via a PC. 
SD cards can also be used to store images, which can be then be viewed using Colorado's included Image Viewer.

Figure 10: Using the Rock 'N Roller 
Garmin calls Colorado's scroll-wheel/joystick combo controller the Rock 'n Roller.  Designed for easy one-handed use, the Rock 'n Roller rotates clockwise  and counter-clockwise, and can be used to navigate menus and lists on  the Colorado and zoom in or out on the map. The button in the center of  the thumb wheel is the enter key. Pan the map or highlight a menu item  by pressing up, down, left, or right.
This new controller is a major improvement over previous Garmin handhelds and a welcome enhancement.
4. Getting to Know Colorado
Figure 11: Adjusting the Backlighting 
Once the Colorado is powered up, briefly pressing and releasing the  power key brings up the System Status page, shown above. Rotate the Rock  n' Roller to adjust the backlight level. This page also displays the  date, battery level, and GPS signal strength.

Figure 12: Scrolling Through Menus 
When navigating a list on the Colorado, use the Rock 'n Roller to scroll to the item you want to select and press the enter button in the center of the wheel to select it.

Figure 13: Entering Text 
Entering text on the Colorado can be time consuming; rotate the Rock 'n Roller disc to the character and press enter to select it. For spaces between words, use the _ (underscore) character. Press DONE (the upper right soft key) when text entry is complete.

Figure 14: Shortcuts 
Most features of the Colorado are accessed via the Shortcuts menu, shown above. Press the right soft key any time it is labeled Shortcuts, and rotate the Rock 'n Roller to view the available applications.
Use the Shortcuts menu to view the map, compass, mark a waypoint, access options, and other features depending on the currently selected profile.

Figure 15: Profiles 
Profiles are a quick, convenient way to optimize the Colorado's  settings from one type of activity to another. Colorado ships with the  following five profiles pre-defined:
Recreational
Geocaching
Automotive
Marine
Fitness
Depending on the profile, Colorado changes various settings and  available options to suit the intended use. For example, in Geocaching  mode the Colorado displays TOPO maps and has a dedicated Geocaching icon  on the Where to? menu. When set to Automotive mode,  however, the maps change to display roads instead of trails, and  directions are displayed in turn-by-turn style.
 

Additional profiles can also be created to suit your own particular  preferences.
Figure 16: Waypoints 
Waypoints are locations you want to save for future use, or to share  with others. To mark a waypoint on the Colorado, rotate the Rock 'n Roller wheel from the Shortcuts menu and select Mark Waypoint, as shown above.

Figure 17: Saving a Waypoint 
The Colorado automatically assigns waypoints a three-digit number. This can later be changed to a name of your choosing.
A handy shortcut to saving a waypoint is to press and hold the enter button.
5. Navigating to a Destination
Figure18: Where To? Menu 
You can enter a destination address either via the Where To? icon, shown above, or by choosing a point on the map. 
Most of the time you'll be using the Where To? method. To enter a destination, select Shortcuts > Where To?

Figure 19: Preferred Search Category 
Choosing Where To? from the Shortcuts menu brings up the search category menu, shown above. 
Different destination types are available depending on the current  profile, or mode, the GPS is operating in. For example, in Geocaching  mode there's an option for choosing a Geocache as a destination. The  following destination types are available from the Where To? menu:
Recent Finds - displays a list of recently found destinations
Waypoints - displays a list of waypoints stored on the Colorado
Tracks - displays a list of tracks stored on the Colorado
Geocaches - displays a list of downloaded geocaches (from geocaching.com)
Routes - displays a list of routes stored on the Colorado
All POI - displays a list of Points of Interest 

Figure 20: Setting the Search Area   
By default the Colorado searches for destinations near your current  location. If you want to search near a different location press Shortcuts > Where To? > Options (left soft key) > Search Near...
You can then choose to search near:
A Recent Find
A Waypoint
My Current Location

Figure 21: Begin Navigation Page 
Once a destination has been found/entered into the Colorado, start  navigating by pressing Enter from the Begin Navigation Page, shown  above.

Figure 22: Stop Navigation 
When en route to a destination, the Shortcuts menu displays a Stop Navigation icon, shown above. To cancel the current trip, choose this icon from the Shortcuts menu, as shown above.
6. Map Page
Figure 23: Map Page 
The map screen is accessed by pressing Shortcuts > Map. 
Use the Rock 'n Roller wheel to zoom in and out on  the map. Pressing and holding the enter button creates a waypoint, and  the left/right/up/down joystick can be used to pan around the map. 
7. Geocaching
Geocaching is a high-tech treasure hunting game that has gained  popularity over the past few years and combines outdoor activities with  GPS adventure. Geocachers seek hidden "treasures" using GPS coordinates  posted on the Internet by those hiding the geocache. You then use a GPS  to go and find the treasure, sign the log book, and possibly retrieve  some small price and deposit a small prize in return. 
Geocaching is a wonderful activity that combines high-tech with  outdoor activity, and exposes you to new trails/places you might not  have otherwise discovered. It may not sound like much of a challenge to  find hidden treasure if you know the exact coordinates, but it's more  challenging than one might assume.
Using the Colorado for Geocaching is a bit like using a cannon to  kill a fly; with so many advanced features available, the biggest  challenge is keeping all the options straight and figuring out how to  use only the features you need.

Figure 24: Garmin's Communicator Plugin 
Transferring Geocaches to a GPS can be a tedious, time consuming  task. Thankfully, Garmin has developed a browser plugin that makes it  possible to transfer Geocaches from geocaching.com directly on to the  Colorado and other Garmin GPS units. It's not required to use the  plugin, but it sure makes life easier. The plugin is available for Mac  or PC, works in IE or Firefox, and can is a free download via Garmin's website.

Figure 25: Installing Garmin's Communicator Plugin 
Installing the Communicator Plugin is easy and takes about a minute  to complete. No reboot is required, although you do need to quit all  running browser windows for the installer to work.

Figure 26: Download to GPS Icon 
Once the plugin has been installed, connect the Colorado to the  computer via the included USB cable, and Geocaches can be transferred to  the Colorado by clicking on the "Transfer to GPS" icon, shown above. 
Another advantage of using Garmin's plugin to upload geocaches to the  Colorado is that all accompanying data is also transferred, including a  detailed description of the cache, hints, and more, effectively making  Geocaching a paperless activity since you no longer need to bring  printouts of the geocache from geocaching.com.
Geocaches can also be manually entered into the Colorado, if desired.
Once the Geocaches have been transferred to the Colorado, they are accessed by selecting Shortcuts > Others > Geocaches(if you're in Geocaching mode, Geocaches also appears directly on the Shortcuts menu).

Figure 27: Geocache Page 
After choosing a preferred geocache from the list of available  caches, the Geocache Page appears, shown above. In my testing I found  that most geocaches didn't transfer over to the Colorado with all the  available information. For example, the Geocache shown above in figure  27 includes basic information like the cache name and coordinates, but  some other caches include difficulty and terrain ratings, the cache  size, and a detailed description of the cache. 
I'm not sure if this is a bug with the pre-release version of the  Colorado I tested, an issue with the browser plugin, an issue with the  caches I tried to transfer, or a combination of issues.

Figure 28: Compass  
When navigating to a destination, the Compass page guides you to your  target with a graphic compass display using a red pointer, as shown  above.
I had to calibrate the compass before the red arrow would appear.  Calibration is simple and easy: the Colorado prompts you to turn  clockwise slowly in two full circles until the compass is calibrated.  Move too quickly and the Colorado instructs you to slow down. Once  calibrated, the red arrow appeared on the compass screen and directed me  towards the destination. The manual says you may need to re-calibrate  the compass if the GPS is moved long distances or subjected to sudden  temperature changes, or after the batteries have been changed.
The compass ring displays your heading and the pointer shows what  direction you should be headed. Speed, distance to next turn, ETA, and  remaining time are also displayed on this page.

Figure 29: Trip Computer 
The trip computer is available is Automotive or Recreational mode,  and displays various statistics regarding the current trip, such as  current speed, average speed, maximum speed, trip odometer, and more.
The trip computer page can  be customized and has the following settings available:
Reset - Reset the trip data
Big Numbers/Small Numbers - view fewer/more fields with larger or smaller numbers
Change Data Fields - choose which data you want to display on this screen
Restore Defaults - reset the data fields to the factory default settings
8. Whereigo ("Where I go")
Colorado is the first GPS I've seen that's compatible with Whereigo  gameplay. Whereigo (pronounced "where I go") is a new location-based  adventure game invented by Groundspeak, and combines Geocaching with  role-based characters, puzzle solving, and elaborate story lines. 
By combining virtual and real-world elements, Whereigo aims to bring  geocaching to the next level by creating an outdoor adventure game in  which a GPS is used to guide you to physical locations and you interact  with virtual objects and characters. More detailed information on  Whereigo'ing is available at www.whereigo.com. 
Whereigo games are called "cartridges", and must be downloaded onto the Colorado via a Mac or PC. 
The Colorado includes a Whereigo tutorial that explains the basics. To access the Whereigo tutorial select Shortcuts > Others > Whereigo > Whereigo Tutorial.
9. TracksWhenever the Colorado is turned on and receiving GPS satellite  signals, it is creating and storing track logs, which can be archived  and shared with other users. 

Figure 30: Using Tracks 
To use Tracks, select Shortcuts > Where To? > Tracks, as shown above in figure 30.

Figure 31:  Tracks Page 
After choosing Tracks from the Where To? menu, archived and loaded Tracks are listed.

Figure 32: Viewing a Track on the Map 
Tracks can be viewed on the map, elevation profiles can be viewed, or the track can be navigated by choosing Go. 
To archive the current route for future use or sharing with other users, press the left soft key for Options > Archive.
10. OthersDespite it's confusing name, the Others menu is home  to several important features on the Colorado, including the wireless  sharing feature, a 3D map view, sunrise and sunset times, hunting &  fishing information, and more.

Figure 33: Accessing the Others Menu 
Like most everything else on the Colorado, the Others menu is accessed via the Shortcuts menu.
It can be confusing knowing what applications are located on the Shortcuts menu and which ones are accessible via the Others  menu. Depending on the active profile, applications may move from one  menu to the other. Note that when an application is added to the Shortcuts menu, it is removed from the Others menu.

Figure 34: Others Page 

Figure 35: Share Wirelessly 
Choosing Share Wirelessly from the Others page brings up the screen shown above. 
The Colorado can wirelessly share waypoints, routes, tracks, and geocaches with other Colorado GPS units.

Figure 36: 3D View 
Colorado GPS models that have DEM (Digital Elevation Model) maps can  render 3D maps. The Colorado 400t has the ability to display a 3D view  of the map, as shown above.
To display the 3D map, select Shortcuts > Others > 3D View

Figure 37: Calendar 
The calendar is accessed by selecting Shortcuts > Others > Calendar, and displays sunrise and sunset times we well as the phases of the moon on each date. The Rock 'n Roller can be used to move through the dates.

Figure 38: Hunt & Fish Page 
The Colorado contains an almanac that predicts the best times for  hunting & fishing on a given date. To view hunting and fishing  predictions, select Shortcuts > Others > Hunt and Fish.
You can view predictions for a different date by using the Rock 'n Roller to scroll to a different date. Predictions for other locations can be viewed by pressing the Options soft key and choosing a different location.

Figure 39: Route Planner 
The route planner can be used to create and save a specific route,  either for turn-by-turn navigation in the car, or point-to-point  navigation off road.

Figure 40: Alarm Clock 
The Alarm Clock can be used to configure the Colorado to  automatically turn on at a specified time. To set the alarm clock select  Shortcuts > Others > Alarm Clock and set the time you want the Colorado to turn on using the Rock 'n Roller. 

Figure 41: Calculator 
The Colorado includes a standard and scientific calculator. To use the calculator, select Shortcuts > Others > Calculator.

Figure 42: Stopwatch 
Colorado includes a stopwatch capable of recording lap time based on distance or by pressing a button.

Figure 43: Area Calculation 
Colorado's Area Calculation feature can be used to calculate the size of a specific area. To use this feature, select Shortcuts > Others > Area Calculation, and press Enter to start the process, then walk around the perimeter of the area you want to measure. 
Press the Options soft key on the page to change the measuring units used to report the area size.
11. ProsBeautiful looking device that's rugged and fits nicely in the palm of your hand
Rock 'n Roller scroll wheel/joystick is easy to use
Extremely well built
Bright, 3-inch screen can be easily seen, even in bright, direct sunlight
Support for Whereigo cartridges
Supports automotive, off-road, marine, geocaching, and fitness uses
Can be paired with an optional Garmin Heart Rate Monitor for fitness use
Can be paired with an optional Bike Cadence Sensor for cycling use
Ability to wirelessly transfer waypoints and routes to other Colorado users
Ability to transfer tracks, routes, and waypoints to and from your computer
Larger display than previous Garmin handheld units
SD card memory easier to deal with than microSD used on previous Garmin handhelds
Excellent battery life
Easier to use than previous Garmin handhelds
Digital Elevation Maps can be rendered in a 3D map view
Excellent tracklog support
Includes electronic compass and altimeter
Waterproof to IPX7 standards (can be fully submerged)
Reliable - never crashed and didn't notice any bugs during testing
Good customer support
12. ConsExpensive
Mysteriously named menus
Cumbersome Route Planner
Slight learning curve
Some overlap between features can cause confusion
13. ConclusionColorado is Garmin's newest handheld outdoor GPS aimed at outdoor,  marine, and fitness enthusiasts. Available in 4 versions, the 400t model  includes 3D elevation perspective and ships preloaded with U.S.  topographic maps. Additional maps can be purchased from Garmin. Colorado  is also the first GPS to support Whereigo ("where I go"), groundspeak's  newest GPS-based activity (the same folks who made geocaching popular).
Colorado's use of profiles makes it easy to switch the GPS from  automotive to marine, recreation, fitness, or geocaching mode,  automatically re-configuring the menus so that the handheld is optimized  for the chosen activity. Colorado supports paperless geocaching,  displaying all relevant information about a given geocache so that you  can leave the printout at home.
The Colorado weighs 7.3 ounces, runs up to 15 hours on two AA  batteries, includes an electronic compass, barometric altimeter, and has  an SD slot for loading additional maps. The Colorado displays air  temperature, and can be paired with a heart rate monitor and/or speed  and cadence sensor for fitness training.
With a suggested retail price of $599, the Colorado 400t isn't cheap.  But it performs extremely well and is ideally suited to the outdoor  enthusiast looking to buy one GPS that serves many purposes. The  Colorado is a major upgrade from previous Garmin handhelds, and is  significantly easier to use than Garmin's GPSMAP 60csx.
The Colorado uses Garmin's own GPS receiver instead of SiRF's high  performance StarIII receiver. In side-by-side comparison testing, the  Colorado performed identically to the SiRF-equipped Garmin GPSMAP 60csx,  quickly locking on to satellite signals and maintaining solid  reception.
Handheld units are still  harder to use than models designed  primarily for in-car use, like Garmin's popular nuvi models. But they're  also much more versatile and capable devices, and it's well worth the  effort it takes to learn how to fully use the Colorado. Those already  familiar with handheld GPS units will find Colorado easy to use and  extremely powerful.
Those looking to replace their in-car or boating GPS will want to  invest in additional, more detailed maps from Garmin, as only the base  and topo maps are included on the 400t. 
Overall there's very little to complain about on the Colorado 400t.  Well built and easier to use than previous models, Colorado raises the  bar on what to expect from a handheld GPS. 

How to Use Commercial Fertilizer

2011-05-01T05:34:00.000+07:00

If you're a home gardener wanting to increase your garden's yield,  organic materials may not always be practical, so knowing how to use  commercial (also known as synthetic or chemical) fertilizer correctly  and with care may be your best option. Here is some help on how to use  these powerful chemicals wisely. 

Steps

 Understand what chemical fertilizers are made of. When buying a  granular fertilizer, the bag should list the contents, including the  percentage of three basic chemicals that are fundamental for plant  growth. These three chemicals are represented by the label NPK on most fertilizer bags, and are, as follows:    
Nitrogen. This is essential for leaf growth,  and is used in higher proportion where a large plant and lots of  foliage are desirable. Certain plants extract nitrogen from the  atmosphere. One example is the leguminous plants, which include peas and beans.  They have nodules on their roots that actually absorb nitrogen directly  from the environment, and require little additional chemical nitrogen  in their fertilizer. Corn, grains, and other crops that have narrow leaves, on the other hand, often require more nitrogen to thrive. It is represented by the N in the standard fertilizer label.
Phosphate. This is another chemical that plants require for good  health. It is a product of phosphate mines or industrial waste, and  plants use the chemical phosphorus in cellular processes. Phosphate is  more common in soils containing a lot of clay, and is quickly leached from sandy loams or basic sandy soils. It is represented by the P in the standard fertilizer label.
Potash. This is the third chemical in the fertilizer description. It  is also used by the plant at a cellular level, and is necessary for  good bloom production and healthy fruiting of the plant. It is  represented by the K in the standard fertilizer label.
Research the nutrient requirements for the crop you are growing. Lawns  and landscaping may benefit from a fertilizer blend with a larger  proportion of nitrogen and moderate amounts of potash and phosphate,  whereas garden plants are likely to benefit more from a specialized  blend using less of one element, and more of another. If you are unsure  of the exact needs of your plants, ask at your local garden supplier, or  contact a government official specializing in agriculture, like the  USDA or the County Extension Service in your area.
Have your soil tested to understand what compounds are needed the most for your growing conditions and crops.  Garden supply centers, farm suppliers, and county agriculture agents  often can have soil samples taken and analyzed free of charge or at low  cost. This type of analysis can be made for specific crops and used for  calculating exact requirements for optimum fertilization. Failure to use an analysis means you will likely use too much or too little fertilizer.
Calculate how much fertilizer you need. Application rates can be determined by measuring the area you plan to farm, then multiply the pounds per unit of area (X thousands of square foot, or acres)  of the chemicals your soil analysis recommends, but if you choose to  forgo this method, you can apply your fertilizer using your best  judgment.
Purchase the product you determine you need for your crop and soil condition.  Fertilizer is sold in different sized bags, with larger bags usually  costing less per pound (kilo), so you may find you will need to choose  one that offers the best compromise for your purposes. A balanced  fertilizer like 8-8-8 (10-10-10, or 13-13-13) may be the best choice for your garden. Also look at these other factors: Secondary nutrients  are needed in lower proportions than the basic three chemicals noted  above, and help maintain the soil quality and contribute to healthy  plants. The secondary nutrients include these: Calcium
Sulfur
Magnesium.
Micro-nutrients. These are also essential for good plant health, and  may or may not be included in your fertilizer choice. Look for the  following, in particular: Iron, in soluble form, helps with blooms, and to keep foliage green
Copper, in soluble form, also helps keep foliage green, and will improve resistance to some diseases
Zinc
Manganese.
Decide if you want to combine other products with your fertilizer before purchasing. Special formulations of fertilizers that include herbicides  and insecticides are available, and can be used to save application  labor and time. Using these, however, limits you to areas where the  chemical additives will not have an adverse effect. This includes  fertilizers that contain pesticides  that will contaminate plants, and herbicides that will damage the  plants you are intending to grow. In general, using insecticides and  herbicides on specific problems allows you to decrease the amount you  need, and target problems with more effective results.
Apply the fertilizer. There are a number of different methods for  applying fertilizer, including direct application by hand, broadcast  application, and using mechanical equipment to side dress the fertilizer  to the growing bed. Which method used depends on the amount of  fertilizer to be applied, the size of area it is to be applied on, and  the size of the plants you are fertilizing. Pre-plant application on a small area can be done by scattering fertilizer over the entire area and the tilling  it into the soil. Apply at a rate of one or two pounds for each 100  square feet (9.29 square meters) maximum to avoid over-fertilizing the  area.
Broadcast pre-plant application is suitable for larger areas, and a  typical rate of application would be 200-400 lbs/acre (pounds per acre),  using a calibratable fertilizer spread either pushed by hand, or pulled  by a lawn tractor  or farm tractor. After application, till the soil to incorporate the  fertilizer and decrease the chance of run-off if rain occurs.
Direct application to individual plants or plants in rows can be done by pouring the fertilizer into a clean, dry bucket,  then walking down the row dropping the fertilizer next to plants. Avoid  dropping the fertilizer directly on plants, as the chemicals can burn  them. Use a small amount, around one tablespoon each for small plants.
Direct application to row crops  can be done with a cultivator equipped with a side-dressing apparatus.  This apparatus consists of a hopper with a wheel to drive a dispensing  mechanism and chutes to direct the fertilizer to the row.
Cultivate or till the fertilizer into the soil around the plants to make it available to the plant's roots, to accelerate absorption, and to prevent run-off in case of rain. This can be done using a cultivator or tiller, or by simply using a hoe to stir the fertilizer into the soil.
Watch for signs of over- or under-fertilization while your plants are growing.  Overproduction of foliage without fruit production is one sign of  over-fertilization, and weak, undersized plants usually indicates  under-fertilization. Other factors, including disease,  lack of water or sunlight, and insect damage may be mistaken for  under-fertilization, so close observation and familiarity with the  plants you are growing is essential for success.
Repeat the application of fertilizer as needed to maintain good plant growth/ crop production.  Using smaller amounts of fertilizer at frequent intervals may be more  beneficial than applying single applications at a high rate, as some of  the fertilizer can be lost by leaching or in run-off if heavy rains  occur after it is applied.
Clean up your application equipment as soon as you are finished using it. Chemicals in fertilizers are corrosive, and metal parts can be damaged if leftover material is not removed thoroughly. Store your fertilizer spreaders or other tools in a dry place when  not in use, and make sure they are well lubricated and maintained.
Store unused fertilizer in its original package, if possible, in a dry, safe place.  Opened bags should be taped or tied shut to prevent moisture from  causing the fertilizer to clump, dissolve, or harden into a solid mass.

Tips

 Use fertilizer wisely. Allowing chemical fertilizers to run off is a source of pollution and a waste of money.
Do not fertilize before heavy rainfall is expected, as the fertilizer will likely be lost to run-off or leaching.
Buy only as much fertilizer as you need, as some chemicals break  down with time, especially in contact with moisture, and become less  effective.

Ciremai Expedition Photos

2011-04-30T21:26:00.001+07:00

Click following link to see my photos of Ciremai Expedition : Ciremai Expedition

How to Buy Gold

2011-04-30T20:49:00.000+07:00

Stockpiling gold  has been a favorite investment of the wealthy throughout history, and  the gleam of gold is still irresistible to many investors today, with  gold being the most popular investment out of all the precious metals. Some people like that gold is a tangible asset that will retain its value even if paper currency loses its value,  while other investors are attracted to the liquidity of gold. For many,  gold is a way of riding through the rise and dips inherent in  economies, with gold serving as the "only real hedge against the massive  financial excesses that still prevail in the western world".  Moreover, gold is fungible, liquid, portable, and accepted anywhere in  the world. This article offers several ways to buy gold or add gold to  your investment portfolio.

Decide why you're interested in buying or investing in gold.  Gold is expensive, and keeping it on your premises does bring certain  security concerns with it. If you're already in financial risk, gold  investment probably isn't for you until you've cleared some of your  existing debts. Once you have cleared your debt and have money to  invest, consider traditional investments in stocks and bonds  first, as they tend to outperform gold over the long-term. Understand  that gold mainly serves as a store of value and as an investment hedge.  If you have some spare investment funds, it's important to decide why  you're keen to invest in gold, so that you know it's the right thing for  you. Common reasons for investing in gold: 

Reasons to buy Gold

Gold is always in high demand. It is a tangible product that can  always be passed on without concerns for its desirability in the future.  Contrast this durability with antiques and collectibles, which are  subject to the whims of every generation's interests.
 
Owning gold can protect you from a decline in currencies or from  inflation. Countries often start investing in gold when the economic  times start to nosedive, and the more debt-laden an economy, the higher  the price of gold per ounce will likely head.
 
Gold can be another "string to your bow" when you seek to diversify your investment portfolio. Diversification is considered to be the best reason for owning gold according to financial experts. This ensures sound financial management, of not putting all your investment eggs into one basket.
 
Gold is a sound means for protecting wealth over a long period of time (provided you store it securely).
 
During a period of civil instability, gold is a way to protect  assets, it is portable, easy to hide, and can give you something to hang  on to when everything else is lost.

Buy Gold Bullion

Decide what type of investment-grade gold bullion you want to buy. The choices are either gold coins, gold bars, or gold jewelery.
- Historic (pre-1933) gold coins tend to retain the best values, as these have numismatic value in addition to their gold content. Examples of historic gold coins that do not sell at excessive premium over the gold price are the British sovereign, British guinea, Spanish escudo, French 20- and 40- francs, Swiss 20 francs, and American gold Eagles ($10 face value), Half-Eagles ($5 face value), Double Eagles ($20 face value). These generally contain 90% gold content; the British sovereign is a notable exception with 91.66% gold content, or 22-karat.
- The American Eagle Gold Coin is made from 22-karat gold mined in America. Other gold bullion coins include the Canadian Maple Leaf, the Australian Kangaroo, the South African Krugerrand (which sparked the entire gold coin for investment industry) and the 24-karat Austrian Philharmonic.
- Gold is also sold in bars that are usually 99.5 to 99.99 percent fine. The popular gold refineries include PAMP, Credit Suisse, Johnson Matthey and Metalor, which will be stamped on the bar.
- The problem with buying gold jewelery as an investment is that you pay a premium for craftmanship and desirability of the design. By all means consider this if you love the aspect of collecting jewelery because it's beautiful and love that it is gold. Any piece of jewelery 14 karat or less will be below investment quality and any resale for the sake of investing will be impacted by the need to refine the gold. On the other hand, it is possible to pick up antique or vintage gold for very little at estate and similar auctions if the worth is not realized, or people simply don't bid much. Older pieces carry more value due to their less mass-produced craftsmanship too, so this can be a lucrative and enjoyable way to collect gold. If you do this, be sure to know how to find the carat, and how to locate blemishes, etc., that can impact the value.
Choose a weight to buy. Clearly, the greater the weight, the greater the cost and you'll also need to give consideration to storage safety.
- The American Eagle Gold Coin and the other coins listed in Step 1 are made in four weights: 1 oz., 0.5 oz., 0.25 oz. and 0.10 oz.
- Gold bullion bars are sold in grams or ounces and include 1-oz., 10-oz. and 100–oz. bars.
Find a source that sells gold bullion. Often the same dealers, brokerage houses and banks sell both coins and bars. When assessing the dealer, see how long they've been in business, whether they're certified with an industry or government body, and what they specialize in. In the United States, the US Mint provides a list of authorized sellers that you can check.
- See Buy Gold Online for how to buy gold online.
- Jewelery stores sell gold jewelery but be sure to choose a reputable store with a long time trading, as well as noting the realities involved in "investing" in gold jewelery. Auctions can be another source of gold jewelery but be aware that most auctions will leave all the risk on you to have ascertained the value, blemishes, etc.
Ascertain the current market price for gold. Look online or call the source to find out the current market price. After finding a price, verify this price with at least one other reputable source, and preferably with several reputable sources. Point out your price research to a dealer if you are faced with any ridiculous discrepancies in pricing.
Buy gold coins or bars at or below the prevailing market price, plus a premium of approximate 1 percent. Most dealers have purchase minimums, charged for shipping and handling, and offer quantity discounts.
- Get receipts for all purchases and get a confirmation of delivery date before you pay for the gold bullion.
- If purchasing jewelery, retain all receipts in a safe place. If purchasing at an auction, remember to add on buyer premium and any sales taxes.
Store your gold, preferably in a safety deposit box. This aspect is one of concern because clearly your gold assets are only as safe as your storage. Invest in good quality security mechanisms or pay a company to store it for you.

Buy Gold Futures

Open a futures account at a commodity trading firm. Futures allow you to control a higher value of gold than you have in cash.
Invest risk capital that you can afford to lose. If the price of gold drops, you could end up owing more than you invested, once commissions are added.
Buy a gold futures contract. Each trading unit on COMDEX is equivalent to 100 troy ounces. Electronic trading on the Chicago Board of Trade (e-CBOT) is another way to trade gold. Gold futures is a legally binding agreement for delivery of gold in the future at an agreed upon price. For example, you can buy 100 oz. of gold for a 2-year contract worth $46,600 for as little as 3 percent of the value, or $1,350. The commodity trading firm charges a commission for every trade.
Wait for the contract to end and collect your earnings or pay your losses. An investor can exchange a futures position for physical gold, referred to as EFP. However, most investors offset their positions before the contracts mature instead of accepting or delivering physical gold.
When you buy a futures contract for a fraction of the cost of the amount of property involved, you are basically betting on a small change in the price of the property. You can make a lot of money buying gold futures if the value of gold goes way up relative to your currency, but if it goes down a little, you can lose everything you invested and possibly more (if your futures contracts do not simply get sold to someone else when you do not have enough money down). This is a way to hedge a risk or speculate, but not in itself a way to build savings.

Buy a Gold Exchange Traded Fund

Use the same broker or online broker you would use to buy a stock or  mutual fund to buy shares in a gold exchange traded fund, such as GLD  and IAU on the New York Stock Exchange. A gold exchange traded fund is  designed to track the price of gold, while maintaining the liquidity of a  stock. 

Note that gold exchange traded funds do not give you the ability to physically control the gold. Thus some gold advocates believe this is an inferior way to own the commodity.
Another disadvantage is that ETFs trade like stocks and you may have to pay a commission to buy and sell on the exchange. Moreover, any capital gains you realize are reported and you will have to pay taxes on them.

Why is Mars Color Red ?

2011-04-30T20:29:00.000+07:00

Mars was not always red, at least that's the theory put forward by a scientist who has discovered the reason why Mars is red.

According  to Dr John Brandednberg, about 180 million years ago, a nuclear  reaction Mars naturally destroy and annihilate all life on Mars. The  reaction was also creates a shock wave that changed the planet Mars  became filled with dry sand.

He told Fox News, "The surface of  Mars is covered with a thin layer of radioactive materials including  uranium, thorium and potassium radioactive - and this pattern that emits  a hot point of Mars.

"A nuclear explosion make this planet full of debris," he said.

"Map  of Mars gamma ray revealed a large red dot that seems to emit a pattern  of debris on the other side of Mars also has a red dot."

Dr.  Brandenburg, a senior scientist at Orbital Technologies Corp., said the  explosion of nature is equivalent to one million megaton hydrogen bomb  in the northern region of Mars Acidalium Mare where the blast has a  large concentration of radioactive substances.

The blast also  create the atmosphere of Mars is full of radio-isotopes, which can be  seen recently with gamma ray spectrometry data taken by NASA, he said.

Radioactive reaction that also explains why Mars looks red.

Dr. Brandenburg believe natural nuclear reaction can occur on our own planet - and it could happen again.

Meanwhile,  Dr. David Beaty, Mars program science manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion  Laboratory, said he (Brandenburg) found the idea interesting and  fascinating.

But to prove a science, institutions need to plan a mission to explore Mars Acidalium Mare, reported the Daily Mail.

Man Can Breathe in Water Longer

2011-04-30T20:19:00.000+07:00

Savor gillyweed plants in the Harry Potter movies could someday become a reality.

Scientists have found a way for humans to breathe under water by combining human DNA with algae.

Scientists  studied the salamanders, and found oxygen-producing algae as bound with  salamander eggs, both very close bond that is very difficult to  separate.

By studying the mechanism further, they (investigators) hope the process can be applied to humans someday.

This  will enable us to swim without having to breathe the air at the surface  as narrated in the adventures of Harry in "Harry Potter and the Goblet  of Fire".

In the film, a slimy plant (gillyweed) gives Harry a gill on the side of his neck and lets him breathe under water like fish.

In  real life version, it can work in a more fundamental level and alter  our DNA, so we are more like an algae that will remove the oxygen  despite being located on the seabed.

Researchers  from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, found the human DNA is  packed with hundreds of viruses that we have absorbed from childhood.

They  use the theory of salamanders because algae are often trapped in embryo  salamanders and "we found several salamanders that are literally part  of the algae."

Growth  of algae will not be destroyed like salamanders, meaning in time they  will become adults, and salamanders are part of the plan.

This discovery is the first documentation of the first case of living beings partnership, or symbiosis, with a vertebrate.

Scientists  say it could mean potential species biologists can use algae in a day  as a source of oxygen for other organisms including humans.

Like the jump, it will require a substantial test and it might just happen to remember us a vertebrate such as salamanders.

A  lead researcher Dr Ryan Kerney said, "algae in the shell egg supply  oxygen to the embryo and embryos of algae get nitrogen-rich waste."

"We also find algae in organ DNA of adult salamanders, so it's possible this inherited."

"We  call it vertical transmission, but there is the possibility of mixing  salamanders and algae occur from environmental patterns."

According to the Daily Mail, the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Kayumanis Leaves Can Generate Heat Like Carbide

2011-04-30T20:13:00.000+07:00

Consultant Co. company. Casia from the Netherlands that will establish a factory and warehouse Kayumanis ( casiavera  ) in Kerinci cinnamon spice production centers to assess almost all  parts of the cinnamon tree leaves contain benefits including that votes  can produce heat.

      "Almost all parts of cinnamon was mangandung benefits and very  potential to be developed so that a source of increasing farmers'  welfare, not just bark, which is the main product, but also husk, stems,  roots, leaves and even," said company Co Consultant . Casia Word of SH, in Jambi, on Friday.

      Cinnamon leaf, he added, as has long been known and used by local  farmers as one of the substances that can produce heat, so often used  for tool brood fruit and even a sleeping pad or mattress material.  

      According to residents, plus Word, hot or warm level that can  produce cinnamon leaf reached 50 to 60 percent of the heat carbide lime  and sulfur. 

      That's why cinnamon in Kerinci foliage is often used for brood  fruit until ripe, given the weather and air temperature in cool or cold  Kerinci known, require other assistance materials to the process of  ripening.

      While most other people use cinnamon leaf into the mattress filler,  but not too popular because it is also fairly high level of risk,  considering dedaunn are also susceptible to nesting insects such as  centipedes and scorpions. 

      However, because the potential was never developed farmers, because  for those who produce and economic value of these plants is the bark of  behavior in the international market.

      "That's why, as a company that carries the potential of integrated  development concept has also been identified as an aspect of this  potential can also be developed, the possibility of its development it  is possible to be biogas or alternative fuel that can be used for  cooking," said Firman.

Kayumanis Leaves Can Generate Heat Like Carbide

2011-04-30T20:10:00.000+07:00

Consultant Co. company. Casia from the Netherlands that will establish a factory and warehouse Kayumanis ( casiavera  ) in Kerinci cinnamon spice production centers to assess almost all  parts of the cinnamon tree leaves contain benefits including that votes  can produce heat.

      "Almost all parts of cinnamon was mangandung benefits and very  potential to be developed so that a source of increasing farmers'  welfare, not just bark, which is the main product, but also husk, stems,  roots, leaves and even," said company Co Consultant . Casia Word of SH, in Jambi, on Friday.

      Cinnamon leaf, he added, as has long been known and used by local  farmers as one of the substances that can produce heat, so often used  for tool brood fruit and even a sleeping pad or mattress material.  

      According to residents, plus Word, hot or warm level that can  produce cinnamon leaf reached 50 to 60 percent of the heat carbide lime  and sulfur. 

      That's why cinnamon in Kerinci foliage is often used for brood  fruit until ripe, given the weather and air temperature in cool or cold  Kerinci known, require other assistance materials to the process of  ripening.

      While most other people use cinnamon leaf into the mattress filler,  but not too popular because it is also fairly high level of risk,  considering dedaunn are also susceptible to nesting insects such as  centipedes and scorpions. 

      However, because the potential was never developed farmers, because  for those who produce and economic value of these plants is the bark of  behavior in the international market.

      "That's why, as a company that carries the potential of integrated  development concept has also been identified as an aspect of this  potential can also be developed, the possibility of its development it  is possible to be biogas or alternative fuel that can be used for  cooking," said Firman.

Features	300	400i	400c	400t
World Base Map	Yes (DEM*)	Yes (Satellite)	Yes (Satellite)	Yes (DEM*)
U.S. Inland Lakes Mapping	Optional	Yes	Optional	Optional
U.S. Bluechart Mapping	Optional	Optional	Yes	Optional
U.S. TOPO Mapping	Optional	Optional	Optional	Yes
Price	$499	$599	$599	$599