Prashant Gupta

SQL INJECTION ATTACK

2020-01-15T21:18:00.001+05:30

What is SQL injection ?

A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or "injection" of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application. A successful SQL injection exploit can read sensitive data from the database, modify database data (Insert/Update/Delete), execute administration operations on the database (such as shutdown the DBMS), recover the content of a given file present on the DBMS file system and in some cases issue commands to the operating system. SQL injection attacks are a type of injection attack, in which SQL commands are injected into data-plane input in order to effect the execution of predefined SQL commands.

DESCRIPTION:

SQL injection errors occur when:

Data enters a program from an untrusted source.
The data used to dynamically construct a SQL query.

The main consequences are:

Confidentiality: Since SQL databases generally hold sensitive data, loss of confidentiality is a frequent problem with SQL Injection vulnerabilities.
Authentication: If poor SQL commands are used to check user names and passwords, it may be possible to connect to a system as another user with no previous knowledge of the password.
Authorization: If authorization information is held in a SQL database, it may be possible to change this information through the successful exploitation of a SQL Injection vulnerability.
Integrity: Just as it may be possible to read sensitive information, it is also possible to make changes or even delete this information with a SQL Injection attack.

How dangerous are SQL injections?

If completed successfully, SQL injections have the potential to be incredibly detrimental to any business or individual. Once sensitive data is compromised in an attack, it can be difficult to ever fully recover. Databases are commonly targeted for injection through an application (such as a website, which requests user input and then does a lookup in a database based on that input), but they can also be targeted directly. SQL injection attacks are listed on the OWASP Top 10 list of application security risks that companies wrestle with.

Basic Diagram of SQL Injection Attack :

Types of SQL Injections:

Inferential (Blind) SQLi

The attacker sends data payloads to the server and observes the response and behavior of the server to learn more about its structure. This method is called blind SQLi because the data is not transferred from the website database to the attacker, thus the attacker cannot see information about the attack in-band.

Blind SQL injections rely on the response and behavioral patterns of the server so they are typically slower to execute but may be just as harmful. Blind SQL injections can be classified as follows:

Boolean— That attacker sends a SQL query to the database prompting the application to return a result. The result will vary depending on whether the query is true or false. Based on the result, the information within the HTTP response will modify or stay unchanged. The attacker can then work out if the message generated a true or false result.
Time-based— Attacker sends a SQL query to the database, which makes the database wait (for a period in seconds) before it can react. The attacker can see from the time the database takes to respond, whether a query is true or false. Based on the result, an HTTP response will be generated instantly or after a waiting period. The attacker can thus work out if the message they used returned true or false, without relying on data from the database.

In-band SQLi:

The attacker uses the same channel of communication to launch their attacks and to gather their results. In-band SQLi’s simplicity and efficiency make it one of the most common types of SQLi attack. There are two sub-variations of this method:

Error-based SQLi— The attacker performs actions that cause the database to produce error messages. The attacker can potentially use the data provided by these error messages to gather information about the structure of the database.

Union-based SQLi— This technique takes advantage of the UNION SQL operator, which fuses multiple select statements generated by the database to get a single HTTP response. This response may contain data that can be leveraged by the attacker.

Out-of-band SQLi :

The attacker can only carry out this form of attack when certain features are enabled on the database server used by the web application. This form of attack is primarily used as an alternative to the in-band and inferential SQLi techniques.
Out-of-band SQLi is performed when the attacker can’t use the same channel to launch the attack and gather information, or when a server is too slow or unstable for these actions to be performed. These techniques count on the capacity of the server to create DNS or HTTP requests to transfer data to an attacker.

How we can prevent our Site or Application from SQL injection attack :

SQL Injection

Here are ten ways you can help prevent or mitigate SQL injection attacks:

Update and patch: Vulnerabilities in applications and databases that hackers can exploit using SQL injection are regularly discovered, so it's vital to apply patches and updates as soon as practical.

Firewall: Consider a web application firewall (WAF) – either software or appliance based – to help filter out malicious data. Good ones will have a comprehensive set of default rules, and make it easy to add new ones whenever necessary. A WAF can be particularly useful to provide some security protection against a particular new vulnerability before a patch is available.

Use appropriate privileges: Don't connect to your database using an account with admin-level privileges unless there is some compelling reason to do so. Using a limited access account is far safer, and can limit what a hacker is able to do.

Keep your secrets secret: Assume that your application is not secure and act accordingly by encrypting or hashing passwords and other confidential data including connection

Don't forget the basics: Change the passwords of application accounts into the database regularly. This is common sense, but in practice these passwords often stay unchanged for months or even years.

Buy better software: Make code writers responsible for checking the code and for fixing security flaws in custom applications before the software is delivered. SANS suggests you incorporate terms from this sample contract into your agreement with any software vendor.

Also read :- What is XSS Attack Click Here.

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What is Cross Site Scripting Attack (XSS-Attack)

2019-09-03T20:36:00.000+05:30

WHAT IS CROSS SITE SCRIPTING (XSS) :

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks are a type of injection, in which malicious scripts are injected into otherwise benign and trusted websites. XSS attacks occur when an attacker uses a web application to send malicious code, generally in the form of a browser side script, to a different end user. Flaws that allow these attacks to succeed are quite widespread and occur anywhere a web application uses input from a user within the output it generates without validating or encoding it.

An attacker can use cross site scripting (XSS) to send a malicious script to an unsuspecting user. The end user’s browser has no way to know that the script should not be trusted, and will execute the script. Because it thinks the script came from a trusted source, the malicious script can access any cookies, session tokens, or other sensitive information retained by the browser and used with that site. These scripts can even rewrite the content of the HTML page.

Description:

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks occur when:

Data enters a Web application through an untrusted source, most frequently a web request.

The data is included in dynamic content that is sent to a web user without being validated for malicious content.

The malicious content sent to the web browser often takes the form of a segment of JavaScript, but may also include HTML, Flash, or any other type of code that the browser may execute. The variety of attacks based on cross site scripting (XSS) is almost limitless, but they commonly include transmitting private data, like cookies or other session information, to the attacker, redirecting the victim to web content controlled by the attacker, or performing other malicious operations on the user's machine under the guise of the vulnerable site.

How is Cross Site Scripting (Xss) Being Performed ???

Cross Site Scripting attack means sending and injecting malicious code or script. Malicious code is usually written with client-side programming languages such as Javascript, HTML, VBScript, Flash, etc. However, Javascript and HTML are mostly used to perform this attack.

This attack can be performed in different ways. Depending upon the type of Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attack, the malicious script may be reflected on the victim’s browser or stored in the database and executed every time, when the user calls the appropriate function.

The main reason for this attack is inappropriate user’s input validation, where malicious input can get into the output. A malicious user can enter a script, which will be injected into the website’s code. Then the browser is not able to know if the executed code is malicious or not.

Therefore malicious script is being executed on the victim's browser or any faked form is being displayed for the users. There are several forms in which XSS attack can occur.

The Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Attack is discribed below ➽➽➽

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Avengers Endgame Writers Say Thor Killed Thanos Only Because He Let Him

2019-08-02T09:31:00.001+05:30

Avengers Endgame Writers Say Thor

Killed Thanos Only Because He Let Him

Now that the Avengers Endgame digital versions are out with commentary from the writers and directors, it was revealed that Thanos' death was more of an assisted suicide.

Towards the end of Avengers: Infinity War, it is only Thor who comes close to killing Thanos. He even stumps him to an extent, but Thanos uses the infinity stones to alter the time zone. Thanos also advised the God of Thunder to have gone for his head.

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The failed attempt stayed with Thor for a long time. Despite having godly powers, Thor lost his planet and people at the hands of Thanos in Infinity War, and became a recluse. With no future plans whatsoever, he decides to binge on pizza, beer and video games for five years.

In Avengers: Endgame, Hulk and Racoon arrive in New Asgard on Earth to seek Thor's help to revenge Thanos. These three along with other Avengers go to Titan and upon their arrival, without any delay, Thor decapitates the Mad Titan with his axe, Stormbreaker.

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Now that the Avengers: Endgame's digital versions are out with commentary from the writers and directors it was revealed that Thanos' death was more of an "assisted suicide". "So at one point in the room, everyone's getting real frustrated saying, 'What is the story here?' And I think Trinh Tran, our executive producer just said, 'God I really wish we could just kill him.' And we all went, 'Wait a second. Could you? What does that mean?" comicbook.com quoted writer Stephen McFeely as saying.

"Yeah, very very quickly, but what's great about it, is that it allows for a very different kind of movie to unfold. One that's reflective and pensive, and character-oriented rather than plot-oriented," said co-director Joe Russo.

"And they only accomplish what Thanos lets them accomplish. He has finished his job and he lets them kill him," added Christopher Markus, co-writer of the film.

It is pretty believable because when we see Thanos after 5 years, he is not the same Mad Titan audience saw in Infinity War. After five years, he is an exhausted and crippling being waiting for his final days. Markus points that he just had one definitive goal to balance the universe and having done that he readily allows the Avengers to kill him.

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Scammers New Whatsapp Hacking Trick

2019-07-31T14:46:00.002+05:30

Scammers trick Whatsapp users by offering 1000GB free data on the app's 10th anniversary

" Scammers New Whatsapp Hacking Trick "

A new WhatsApp scam that claims to offer free internet data has been doing rounds on the internet recently. The users are tricked into believing that they are being offered 1000GB of free data as a gift on WhatsApp’s 10th anniversary.

एक नया व्हाट्सएप घोटाला जो मुफ्त इंटरनेट डेटा की पेशकश करने का दावा करता है, हाल ही में इंटरनेट पर चक्कर लगा रहा है। उपयोगकर्ताओं को यह विश्वास दिलाया जाता है कि उन्हें व्हाट्सएप की 10 वीं वर्षगांठ पर उपहार के रूप में 1000GB मुफ्त डेटा दिया जा रहा है।

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The victims are asked to share the message with at least 30 more people in order to claim the reward.
The ultimate goal of the scammers is to perform click fraud through this type of scam.
पीड़ितों को इनाम का दावा करने के लिए कम से कम 30 और लोगों के साथ संदेश साझा करने के लिए कहा जाता है।
घोटाले करने वालों का अंतिम लक्ष्य इस प्रकार के घोटाले के माध्यम से क्लिक धोखाधड़ी करना है।

What’s the matter?

क्या बात है?

" Scammers New Whatsapp Hacking Trick "

Discovered by researchers from ESET, the fraudulent campaign involves the scammers surprising the users with a free giveaway offer as WhatsApp celebrates its anniversary. The offer is made to the users for being loyal members of the service. However, the message is neither from WhatsApp nor the offer is genuine.

ईएसईटी के शोधकर्ताओं द्वारा खोजे जाने पर, धोखाधड़ी अभियान में स्कैमर्स शामिल हैं जो उपयोगकर्ताओं को मुफ्त में सस्ता ऑफर देते हैं क्योंकि व्हाट्सएप अपनी सालगिरह मनाता है। सेवा के वफादार सदस्य होने के लिए उपयोगकर्ताओं को प्रस्ताव दिया जाता है। हालांकि, संदेश न तो व्हाट्सएप से है और न ही ऑफर वास्तविक है।

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Purpose of the scam

The ultimate goal of the scammers is to perform click fraud through this type of scam. This will, in turn, help them make big profits by racking up bogus ad clicks.
घोटाले करने वालों का अंतिम लक्ष्य इस प्रकार के घोटाले के माध्यम से क्लिक धोखाधड़ी करना है। यह बदले में, फर्जी विज्ञापन क्लिकों को जोड़कर उन्हें बड़ा मुनाफा कमाने में मदद करेगा।

Worth noting

ध्यान देने योग्य

" Scammers New Whatsapp Hacking Trick "

The ESET researchers said that there is no evidence that malicious link was used to install malware that can scrape personal information. In fact, it has been found that the domain used in this scam is also home to many other ‘promotional’ scams that pretend to be from branded companies such as Nestle, Adidas, and Rolex.

ईएसईटी शोधकर्ताओं ने कहा कि इस बात का कोई सबूत नहीं है कि मैलवेयर लिंक का इस्तेमाल मालवेयर स्थापित करने के लिए किया गया था जो व्यक्तिगत जानकारी को परिमार्जन कर सकता है। वास्तव में, यह पाया गया है कि इस घोटाले में प्रयुक्त डोमेन कई अन्य it प्रचारक ’घोटालों का भी घर है जो नेस्ले, एडिडास और रोलेक्स जैसी ब्रांडेड कंपनियों से होने का दिखावा करते हैं।

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Also read : PUBG Season 4 Update (v4.1) Now Live for PC Gamers, Weapon Issues Fixed click here:

What Can Linux Do that Windows Can’t?

2019-07-30T23:48:00.000+05:30

What Can Linux Do that Windows Can’t?

With the recent partnership between Windows And Linux, the list of things Windows can’t do has shortened a bit. The partnership brought with it bash integration into the Windows OS, which has given users a convenient way to access the shell whenever they feel like it. In short, that means you don’t even need Linux to access the shell instance of your flavor of Linux OS.

Linux servers can run forever without rebooting

If you are looking for a free-to-use, customizable server OS to install in your home or office, with zero licensing fees (depending on your distro), then a Linux OS is going to be your best bet. Those who are willing to take the time to set up and configure their server correctly will be rewarded with a stable machine that almost never requires rebooting, service restarts, or any maintenance downtime.

There is a reason why the majority of web hosts prefer using the Linux OS in their deployments. It is not uncommon to find servers that have gone a few years without a reboot, so stability is definitely a huge plus when comparing Windows Server products with Linux.

Linux changed the world — for the better

Not everyone realizes this, but Android was initially built upon a version of the Linux kernel, allowing for the hardware of mobile devices to communicate with the Android software. We love Android. In fact, we even consider Android to be one of the greatest gifts of the open source movement.

Linux will never harass you relentlessly to update

Ever since package management software became popularized by Ubuntu’s aptitude system (a frontend to Debian’s dpkg), updates have been very simple.

For instance, an Ubuntu system can be updated directly from the command line with a simple “sudo apt-get upgrade.” This elevates the permissions of the command to Super User or root, allowing for the system to perform a system upgrade, updating all of the OS components, as well as the software packages and applications that are installed (provided they are maintained and available in the package lists).

To be clear, Android is not classified as a Linux distribution, it cannot run Linux applications natively, and it’s not released on the GNU license agreement. But seeing as how a kernel is essentially the nucleus of the operating system, most people acknowledge that Android is a cousin to Linux, even if it is an increasingly distant one.

Linux is feature-rich without the bloat

Despite all the hoopla about the malware statics. Microsoft employed for everyone to upgrade, Windows 10s. It’s pretty, it’s lean on system resources, and it is much more stable than previous versions of Windows. However, if we go back a decade, Linux had the lead on the desktop front before a bloated Windows Vista was thrust upon the world (and, yes, we do still have visit active.

Back then, Linux had an appealing aesthetic that drew many users into its ranks. Its functionality, however, took quite a bit longer to evolve. No matter which flavor of Linux you choose, you can enjoy the visual functionality of both Gnome and KDE. You are bound to find that the menus and windows offer a highly functional experience that will boost your productivity once you get the remote hang of the

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To be fair to Microsoft, Linux can’t do everything

We are in the midst of a change in the computing world. As people have more widely adopted smartphones and tablets as their devices of choice, the desktop environment has gradually begun to contract. This is evident in many instances where Linux distributions that once teemed with software developers now lay unmaintained and discontinued.

Linux can run on almost any hardware

Whether you have a dusty old laptop in your closet or a decommissioned server in your attic, Linux can easily review neglected and forgetten hardware.

Even if your machine is 10 years old, it’ll likely run one of the stripped down, lightweight Linux distros — or even a purpose-built distro. Examples of these purpose-built Linux distributions are Aesterisk for PBX and telephony and iptables for firewalls.

Sure, you can probably use an old Windows machine (or even a cheap VM) for these tasks. Though, it’s sometimes more fulfilling to bring old hardware back from the tech graveyard. Linux provides an inexpensive way to fulfill a specific role requirement on your home or office network and recycling is always a great way to save costs.

Linux operates on most supercomputers

Supercomputers are now the almost exclusive domain of Linux, with 500 of the world’s fastest supercomputers in the world now running one version or another of Linux. The OS’s customizability, coupled with its efficient resource management, make it an ideal software platform for the customized hardware and cluster arrays that supercomputers are commonly built from.

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Operating System

2019-07-30T23:00:00.000+05:30

what is operating system short not ???

Operating system definition and examples of operating systems in use today

An operating system is a powerful, and usually large, program that controls and manages the hadwareand other software on a computer.

All computers and computer-like devices require operating systems, including your laptop, tablet, desktop, smartphone, smartwatch, and router

Not sure what operating system you're running? Use the Lifewire System Info Tool below to find out!

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Examples of Operating Systems

Laptops, tablets, and desktop computers all run operating systems that you've probably heard of. Some examples include versions of Microsoft Windows (like Windows10, Windows8, Windows7, Windows Visita, and WindowsXP), Apple's Mac Os (formerly OS X), Chrome OS, BlackBerry Tablet OS, and flavors of the open source operating system Linux.

Operating system
Your smartphone runs an operating system, too, probably either Apple's Ios or Google's Android Both are household names but you may not have realized that they are the operating systems being utilized on those devices.

Servers, like those that host the websites you visit or serve the videos you watch, typically run specialized operating systems, designed and optimized to run the special software required to make them do what they do. Some examples include Windows Server, Linux, and FreeBSD.

Software developers also often release additional versions of their software that work with other operating systems. Coming back to the video production program example, that company might also release another version of the program with exactly the same features but that only works with macOS.

It's also important to know whether your operating system is 32-bit or64-bit. It's a common question you're asked when downloading software.

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What is the full form of " SIM "

2019-07-30T20:36:00.001+05:30

What is the full form of " SIM " ???

SIM: Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module.

SIM is an integrated circuit that securely stores the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI). It is a portable memory chip that makes you able to make phone call across the world where subscriber's network is available.

SIM is generally used in mobile phones that operates on GSM network. It is portable and you can use it with any supporting mobile phone.

SIM Size:

When the first SIM card was invented, it was almost of the size of a credit card. But the newest standard of a SIM contains a size of 15mm by 12mm. Now a days, some smart phones uses micro and nano SIM cards which are different in sizes.

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What information does a SIM card store:

What is the full form of " SIM "

The SIM card contains necessary information to and fro to your network and it also contains some of your personal data.

Phone number
Address book
Network authorization data
Text messages
Personal security keys
Other data

A SIM also contains its unique serial number (ICCID), International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), security information, ciphering information, temporary information related to the local network, etc.

Difference between GSM SIM and CDMA SIM:

What is the full form of " SIM "

CDMA phones generally doesn't use SIM cards. Instead, All information is saved in handset itself. It may be less convenient for the users because user can't change the service provider for the same handset.

History

The first SIM card was made by Munich smart card maker Giesecke and Devrient in 1991. The SIM was initially specified by European Telecommunication Standards Institute.

PUBG Season 4 Update (v4.1) Now Live for PC Gamers, Weapon Issues Fixed

2019-07-30T02:44:00.002+05:30

PUBG Season 4 Update (v4.1) Now Live for PC Gamers, Weapon Issues Fixed

The Season 4 update brings adjustments to many weapons and vehicles.

PUBG Season 4 comes with an Erangel visual update.

PUBG Season 4 is now live for all PC users. The latest update, which was is referred to as PC Update 4.1, was released as a beta trial through test servers last week. In the list of changes, the first update of PUBG Season 4 brings a revamp of the Erangel map and includes a new Survivor Pass. There is also a visual overhaul. The update also includes tweaked terrain, signage, and buildings as well as an improved mission change system. Alongside delivering a new experience through the Update 4.1, PUBG developers have brought additional fixes for weapon issues.

In terms of visual changes, the fresh PUBG update brings updates to areas such as the Military Base, Mylta Power, Quarry, Mansion, and Prison. Some updates can also be noticed in the form of terrain changes.

Similarly, the PUBG developers have added trenches, blast marks, camo nets, and abandoned tanks across different areas of the revamped map.

To offer the undiscovered history, PUBG Season 4 brings an updated Erangel map. "Erangel, which has a special home in the hearts of many of us, now features refreshed buildings, upgraded graphics, and some revelations as to the island's combat-scarred history," the PUBG team notedwhile announcing the fresh update.

One of the key attractions of PUBG Season 4 is the Survivor Pass 4: Aftermath. The update includes the new change to offer over 100 rewards to unlock by completing various missions.

PUBG gamers will be able to access Survivor Pass 4: Aftermath until October 15th PDT -- ending with the live server maintenance. Further, the Survivor Pass and Level-up items will be available for purchase until the season ends.

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Gamers will also be able to notice the improved mission change system through the first update of PUBG Season 4. "When unlocking new rewards, a prompt will now allow you to go directly to the appearance tab by clicking the button in the popup," the team said in the announcement post.

The PUBG team has also announced through a couple of tweets that it has fixed the weapon issues that some players experienced previously. There is a fix for the reload issue with both-action SRs that prevented rounds from automatically being chambered after firing in certain situations. Also, a reload issue with the S1987 shotgun has been resolved.

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Chandrayaan-2 Orbit Successfully Raised Third Time, ISRO Announces

2019-07-30T01:37:00.001+05:30

Chandrayaan-2 Orbit Successfully Raised Third Time, ISRO Announces

The fourth orbit-raising manoeuvre of Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled between 2 to 3pm on August 2.

All spacecraft parameters are normal, it said.

The fourth orbit raising manoeuvre is scheduled between 2 to 3pm on August 2.

On July 22, the Chandrayaan-2 was injected into an elliptical orbit of 170x45,475 km by India's heavy lift rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV Mk III) in a text book style.

The third orbit raising activity for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully at 3:12pm on Monday, the Indian space agency said

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The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said the orbit of the Chandrayaan-2 was raised to 276 x 71,792 km by firing the onboard motors for 989 seconds.

The Indian space agency said the major activities include earth-bound manoeuvres, the trans-lunar insertion, lunar-bound manoeuvres, Vikram's separation from Chandrayaan-2 and touch down on the moon's South Pole.

The ISRO said the trans-lunar insertion of Chandrayaan-2, which will send it to the moon, is scheduled on August 14.

The spacecraft comprises three segments - the Orbiter (weighing 2,379 kg, eight payloads), the lander 'Vikram' (1,471 kg, four payloads) and rover 'Pragyan' (27 kg, two payloads).

After that, the Chandrayaan-2 is scheduled to reach moon by August 20 and the lander Vikram will land on the Earth's sole satellite on September 7.

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Realme Freedom Sale Starts August 1: Realme 3 Pro, Realme 2 Pro, and More to Get Discounts, Other Offers.

2019-07-30T01:20:00.003+05:30

Realme Freedom Sale Starts August 1: Realme 3 Pro, Realme 2 Pro, and More to Get Discounts, Other Offers.

Realme 3 is getting a new Diamond Red colour variant.

Realme Freedom Sale deals, offers

Starting with the deals, the Realme 3 Pro will be available at a Rs. 1,000 price discount during the sale period. It will start at Rs. 12,999 for the base variant with 4GB of RAM and 64GB of onboard storage. The phone's 6GB + 64GB and 6GB + 128GB will retail at Rs. 14,999 and Rs. 15,999, respectively. The phone comes in Carbon Grey, Nitro Blue, and Lightning Purple colour options with a gradient finish.

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The 6GB variants will also be listed with complete mobile protection plan for just Rs. 699. It will be available on Flipkart, and Realme online store. The Realme 3 Pro comes equipped with a 6.3-inch full-HD+ display, a 4,045mAh battery, a 25-megapxixel selfie sensor, and is powered by the Snapdragon 710 SoC, while ColorOS 6.0 with Android Pie handles things on the software side.

Realme 3 Diamond Red colour variant launch

Realme has also confirmed the arrival of a new Diamond Red colour option for the Realme 3. The new colour variant was leaked recently, and now the company has made it official, will be making it available during the Realme Freedom Sale.

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The new colour option will be available starting August 1 via Realme online store, Flipkart, and offline stores. It will be available for all variants - 3GB + 32GB, 3GB + 64GB, and 4GB + 64GB - at Rs. 8,999, Rs. 9,999, and Rs. 10,999, respectively. The key specifications of the phone are 6.2-inch HD+ display, Helio P70 SoC, dual rear cameras, 13-megapixel selfie camera, and a 4,230mAh battery.

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PM Modi Ji Was Going To Bear Grylls Show Man V/S Wild

2019-07-29T15:48:00.001+05:30

Man vs Wild: PM Modi enters the wild with spear in hand in Bear Grylls' show

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PM Modi in Man vs Wild: In the video shared by Bear Grylls, one can see the survival instructor and the Prime Minister venturing into the Indian wilderness.

In the video shared by Grylls, one can see the survival instructor and the Prime Minister venturing into the Indian wilderness. However, the location of the same remains unclear in the video. PM Modi arrives to greet Gryllls in the wild and can be heard saying, "Welcome to India".

Adventurer and survival instructor Bear Grylls rocked the Indian internet on Monday morning when he said that he will be sharing space with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on his popular show Man vs Wild. The tweet that announced the episode to be aired on August 12 is the most retweeted post of the 45-year-old adventurer.

PM NARENDRA MODI

IG : binary_meme

Kali Linux Network PXE Install

2018-12-22T02:25:00.000+05:30

Kali Linux Network PXE Install

Setup a PXE Server

Booting and installing Kali over the network (PXE) can be useful from a single laptop install with no CDROM or USB ports, to enterprise deployments supporting pre-seeding of the Kali installation.

First, we need to install dnsmasq to provide the DHCP/TFTP server and then edit the dnsmasq.conf file.

apt-get install dnsmasq

nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

In dnsmasq.conf, enable DHCP, TFTP and PXE booting and set the dhcp-range to match your environment. If needed you can also define your gateway and DNS servers with the dhcp-option directive as shown below:

interface=eth0

dhcp-range=192.168.101.100,192.168.101.200,12h

dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0

enable-tftp

tftp-root=/tftpboot/

dhcp-option=3,192.168.101.1

dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4

With the edits in place, the dnsmasq service needs to be restarted in order for the changes to take effect.

service dnsmasq restart

Download Kali PXE Netboot Images

Now, we need to create a directory to hold the Kali Netboot image and download the image we wish to serve from the Kali repos.

mkdir -p /tftpboot

cd /tftpboot

# for 64 bit systems:

wget http://http.kali.org/kali/dists/kali-rolling/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz

# for 32 bit systems:

wget http://http.kali.org/kali/dists/kali-rolling/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz

tar zxpf netboot.tar.gz

rm netboot.tar.gz

Configure Target to Boot From Network

With everything configured, you can now boot your target system and configure it to boot from the network. It should get an IP address from your PXE server and begin booting Kali.

Making a Kali Bootable USB Drive

2018-12-22T02:15:00.001+05:30

Making a Kali Bootable USB Drive

Our favorite way, and the fastest method, for getting up and running with Kali Linux is to run it “live” from a USB drive. This method has several advantages:

It’s non-destructive — it makes no changes to the host system’s hard drive or installed OS, and to go back to normal operations, you simply remove the “Kali Live” USB drive and restart the system.
It’s portable — you can carry Kali Linux in your pocket and have it running in minutes on an available system
It’s customizable — you can roll your own custom Kali Linux ISO image and put it onto a USB drive using the same procedures
It’s potentially persistent — with a bit of extra effort, you can configure your Kali Linux “live” USB drive to have persistent storage, so the data you collect is saved across reboots

In order to do this, we first need to create a bootable USB drive which has been set up from an ISO image of Kali Linux.

What You’ll Need

A verified copy of the appropriate ISO image of the latest Kali build image for the system you’ll be running it on: see the details on downloading official Kali Linux images.
If you’re running under Windows, you’ll also need to download the Win32 Disk Imager utility. On Linux and OS X, you can use the dd command, which is pre-installed on those platforms.
A USB thumb drive, 4GB or larger. (Systems with a direct SD card slot can use an SD card with similar capacity. The procedure is identical.)

Kali Linux Live USB Install Procedure

The specifics of this procedure will vary depending on whether you’re doing it on a Windows, Linux, or OS X system.

Creating a Bootable Kali USB Drive on Windows

Plug your USB drive into an available USB port on your Windows PC, note which drive designator (e.g. “F:\”) it uses once it mounts, and launch the Win32 Disk Imager software you downloaded.
Choose the Kali Linux ISO file to be imaged and verify that the USB drive to be overwritten is the correct one. Click the “Write” button.
Once the imaging is complete, safely eject the USB drive from the Windows machine. You can now use the USB device to boot into Kali Linux.

Creating a Bootable Kali USB Drive on Linux

Creating a bootable Kali Linux USB key in a Linux environment is easy. Once you’ve downloaded and verified your Kali ISO file, you can use the dd command to copy it over to your USB stick using the following procedure. Note that you’ll need to be running as root, or to execute the dd command with sudo. The following example assumes a Linux Mint 17.1 desktop — depending on the distro you’re using, a few specifics may vary slightly, but the general idea should be very similar.

WARNING: Although the process of imaging Kali Linux onto a USB drive is very easy, you can just as easily overwrite a disk drive you didn’t intend to with dd if you do not understand what you are doing, or if you specify an incorrect output path. Double-check what you’re doing before you do it, it’ll be too late afterwards.

Consider yourself warned.

First, you’ll need to identify the device path to use to write the image to your USB drive. Without the USB drive inserted into a port, execute the command

sudo fdisk -l

at a command prompt in a terminal window (if you don’t use elevated privileges with fdisk, you won’t get any output). You’ll get output that will look something (not exactly) like this, showing a single drive — “/dev/sda” — containing three partitions (/dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, and /dev/sda5):
Now, plug your USB drive into an available USB port on your system, and run the same command, “sudo fdisk -l” a second time. Now, the output will look something (again, not exactly) like this, showing an additional device which wasn’t there previously, in this example “/dev/sdb”, a 16GB USB drive:
Proceed to (carefully!) image the Kali ISO file on the USB device. The example command below assumes that the ISO image you’re writing is named “kali-linux-2017.1-amd64.iso” and is in your current working directory. The blocksize parameter can be increased, and while it may speed up the operation of the dd command, it can occasionally produce unbootable USB drives, depending on your system and a lot of different factors. The recommended value, “bs=512k”, is conservative and reliable.

dd if=kali-linux-2017.1-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=512k

Imaging the USB drive can take a good amount of time, over ten minutes or more is not unusual, as the sample output below shows. Be patient!

The dd command provides no feedback until it’s completed, but if your drive has an access indicator, you’ll probably see it flickering from time to time. The time to dd the image across will depend on the speed of the system used, USB drive itself, and USB port it’s inserted into. Once dd has finished imaging the drive, it will output something that looks like this:

5823+1 records in

5823+1 records out

3053371392 bytes (3.1 GB) copied, 746.211 s, 4.1 MB/s

That’s it, really! You can now boot into a Kali Live / Installer environment using the USB device.

Creating a Bootable Kali USB Drive on OS X

OS X is based on UNIX, so creating a bootable Kali Linux USB drive in an OS X environment is similar to doing it on Linux. Once you’ve downloaded and verified your chosen Kali ISO file, you use dd to copy it over to your USB stick.

WARNING: Although the process of imaging Kali on a USB drive is very easy, you can just as easily overwrite a disk drive you didn’t intend to with dd if you do not understand what you are doing, or if you specify an incorrect output path. Double-check what you’re doing before you do it, it’ll be too late afterwards.

Consider yourself warned.

Without the USB drive plugged into the system, open a Terminal window, and type the command diskutil list at the command prompt.
You will get a list of the device paths (looking like /dev/disk0, /dev/disk1, etc.) of the disks mounted on your system, along with information on the partitions on each of the disks.
Plug in your USB device to your Apple computer’s USB port and run the command diskutil list a second time. Your USB drive’s path will most likely be the last one. In any case, it will be one which wasn’t present before. In this example, you can see that there is now a /dev/disk6 which wasn’t previously present.
Unmount the drive (assuming, for this example, the USB stick is /dev/disk6 — do notsimply copy this, verify the correct path on your own system!):

diskutil unmount /dev/disk6

Proceed to (carefully!) image the Kali ISO file on the USB device. The following command assumes that your USB drive is on the path /dev/disk6, and you’re in the same directory with your Kali Linux ISO, which is named “kali-linux-2017.1-amd64.iso”:

sudo dd if=kali-linux-2017.1-amd64.iso of=/dev/disk6 bs=1m

Note: Increasing the blocksize (bs) will speed up the write progress, but will also increase the chances of creating a bad USB stick. Using the given value on OS X has produced reliable images consistently.

Imaging the USB drive can take a good amount of time, over half an hour is not unusual, as the sample output below shows. Be patient!

2911+1 records in

2911+1 records out

3053371392 bytes transferred in 2151.132182 secs (1419425 bytes/sec)

And that’s it! You can now boot into a Kali Live / Installer environment using the USB device.

To boot from an alternate drive on an OS X system, bring up the boot menu by pressing the Option key immediately after powering on the device and select the drive you want to use.

For more information, see Apple’s knowledge base.

Downloading Kali Linux

2018-12-22T02:08:00.000+05:30

IMPORTANT! Never download Kali Linux images from anywhere other than the official sources. Always be sure to verify the SHA256 checksums of the file you’ve downloaded against our official values. It would be easy for a malicious entity to modify a Kali installation to contain exploits or malware and host it unofficially.

Where to Get Official Kali Linux Images

ISO Files for Intel-based PCs

In order to run Kali “Live” from a USB drive on standard Windows and Apple PCs, you’ll need a Kali Linux bootable ISO image, in either 32-bit or 64-bit format.

If you’re not sure of the architecture of the system you want to run Kali on, on Linux or OS X, you can run the command

uname -m

at the command line. If you get the response, “x86_64”, use the 64-bit ISO image (the one containing “amd64” in the file name); if you get “i386”, use the 32-bit image (the one containing “i386” in the file name). If you’re on a Windows system, the procedure for determining whether your architecture is detailed on Microsoft’s website.

The Kali Linux images are available both as directly downloadable “.iso/.img” files or via “.torrent” files.

Official Kali ISOs for Intel-based PCs

Building your own Kali Linux ISO, standard or customized, is a very simple process.

VMware Images

If you want to run Kali Linux as a “guest” under VMware, Kali is available as a pre-built VMware virtual machine with VMware Tools already installed. The VMware image is available in a 64-bit (amd64), 32-bit (i686), and 32-bit PAE (i486) formats.

Official Kali Linux VMware Images

ARM Images

The hardware architectures of ARM-based devices vary considerably, so it is not possible to have a single image that will work across all of them. Pre-built Kali Linux images for the ARM architecture are available for the wide range of devices.

Scripts for building your own ARM images locally are also available on GitHub. For more details see the articles on setting up an ARM cross-compilation environment, and building a custom Kali Linux ARM chroot.

Verifying Your Downloaded Kali Image

Why do I need to do this?

Before you run Kali Linux Live, or install it to your hard disk, you want to be very sure that what you’ve got actually is Kali Linux, and not an imposter. Kali Linux is a professional penetration testing and forensics toolkit. As a professional penetration tester, having absolute confidence in the integrity of your tools is critical: if your tools aren’t trustworthy, your investigations won’t be trustworthy, either.

Moreover, as the leading penetration testing distribution, Kali’s strengths mean that a bogus version of Kali Linux could do a tremendous amount of damage if it were deployed unwittingly. There are plenty of people with plenty of reason to want to stick very sketchy stuff into something that looks like Kali, and you absolutely don’t want to find yourself running something like that.

Avoiding this is simple:

only download Kali Linux via the official download pages at https://www.kali.org/downloads or https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vmware-arm-image-download/ — you won’t be able to browse to these pages without SSL: encrypting the connection makes it much harder for an attacker to use a “man-in-the-middle” attack to modify your download. There are a few potential weaknesses to even these sources — see the sections on verifying the download with the SHA256SUMS file and its signature against the official Kali Development team private key for something much closer to absolute assurance.
once you’ve downloaded an image, and before you run it, always validate that it really iswhat it’s supposed to be by verifying its checksum using one of the procedures detailed below.

There are several methods for verifying your download. Each provides a certain level of assurance, and involves a corresponding level of effort on your part.

You can download an ISO image from an official Kali Linux “Downloads” mirror, calculate the ISO’s SHA256 hash and compare it by inspection with the value listed on the Kali Linux site. This is quick and easy, but potentially susceptible to subversion via a DNS poisoning: it assumes that the site to which, for example, the domain “kali.org” resolves is in fact the actual Kali Linux site. If it somehow weren’t, an attacker could present a “loaded” image and a matching SHA256 signature on the fake web page. See the section “Manually Verify the Signature on the ISO (Direct Download)”, below.
You can download an ISO image through the torrents, and it will also pull down a file — unsigned — containing the calculated SHA256 signature. You can then use the shasum command (on Linux and OS X) or a utility (on Windows) to automatically verify that the file’s computed signature matches the signature in the secondary file. This is even easier than the “manual” method, but suffers from the same weakness: if the torrent you pulled down isn’t really Kali Linux, it could still have a good signature. See the section “Verify the Signature on the ISO Using the Included Signature File (Torrent Download)”, below.
To be as close to absolutely certain as possible that the Kali Linux download you’ve obtained is the real thing, you can download both a cleartext signature file and and version of the same file that has been signed with the official Kali Linux private key and use GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) to first, verify that the computed SHA256 signature and the signature in the cleartext file match and second, verify that the signed version of the file containing the SHA256 hash has been correctly signed with the official key.
If you use this more complicated process and successfully validate your downloaded ISO, you can proceed with pretty complete assurance that what you’ve got is the official image and that it has not been tampered with in any way. This method, while the most complex, has the advantage of providing independent assurance of the integrity of the image. The only way this method can fail is if the official Kali Linux private key is not only subverted by an attacker, but also not subsequently revoked by the Kali Linux development team. For this method, see the section on verification using the SHA256SUMS file.

What do I need to do this?

If you’re running on Linux, you probably already have GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) installed. If you’re on Windows or OS X, you’ll need to install the appropriate version for your platform.

If you’re on a PC running Windows, download and install GPG4Win from here.
If you’re on a Macintosh running OS X, download and install GPGTools from here. Since Windows does not have the native ability to calculate SHA256 checksums, you will also need a utility such as Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier or Hashtab to verify your download.

Once you’ve installed GPG, you’ll need to download and import a copy of the Kali Linux official key. Do this with the following command:

$ wget -q -O - https://archive.kali.org/archive-key.asc | gpg --import

or the command

$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 7D8D0BF6

Your output should look like this:

gpg: key 7D8D0BF6: public key "Kali Linux Repository <devel@kali.org>" imported

gpg: Total number processed: 1

gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

Verify that the key is properly installed with the command:

gpg --fingerprint 7D8D0BF6

The output will look like this:

pub rsa4096 2012-03-05 [SC] [expires: 2021-02-03]

44C6 513A 8E4F B3D3 0875 F758 ED44 4FF0 7D8D 0BF6

uid [ full ] Kali Linux Repository <devel@kali.org>

sub rsa4096 2012-03-05 [E] [expires: 2021-02-03]

You’re now set up to validate your Kali Linux download.

How Do I Verify My Downloaded Image?

Manually Verify the Signature on the ISO (Direct Download)

If you downloaded the ISO directly from the downloads page, verify it using the following procedure.

On Linux, or OS X, you can generate the SHA256 checksum from the ISO image you’ve downloaded with the following command (assuming that the ISO image is named “kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso”, and is in your current directory):

shasum -a 256 kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso

The output should look like this:

 1d90432e6d5c6f40dfe9589d9d0450a53b0add9a55f71371d601a5d454fa0431  kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso

The resulting SHA256 signature, “1d90432e6d5c6f40dfe9589d9d0450a53b0add9a55f71371d601a5d454fa0431”, can be seen to match the signature displayed in the “sha256sum” column on the official download page for the 64-bit Intel architecture Kali Linux 2016.2 ISO image:

Verify the Signature on the ISO Using the Included Signature File (Torrent Download)

If you downloaded your copy of the Kali Linux ISO image via the torrents, in addition to the ISO file (e.g. kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso), there will be a second file containing the computed SHA256 signature for the ISO, with the extension “.txt.sha256sum” (e.g. kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.txt.sha256sum). You can use this file to verify the authenticity of your download on Linux or OS X with the following command:

grep kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.txt.sha256sum | shasum -a 256 -c

If the image is successfully authenticated, the response will look like this:

kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso: OK

IMPORTANT! If you are unable to verify the authenticity of the Kali Linux image you have downloaded as described in the preceding section, do NOT use it! Using it could endanger not only your own system, but any network you connect to as well as the other systems on that network. Stop, and ensure that you have downloaded the images from a legitimate Kali Linux mirror.

Verify the ISO Using the SHA256SUMS File

This is a more complex procedure, but offers a much higher level of validation: it does not rely on the integrity of the web site you downloaded the image from, only the official Kali Linux development team key that you install independently. To verify your image this way for an Intel architecture version of Kali, you will need to download three files from the Kali “Live CD Image” site for the current release (v2016.2, as of this writing):

The ISO image itself (e.g. kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso)
The file containing the calculated SHA256 hash for the ISO, SHA256SUMS
The signed version of that file, SHA256SUMS.gpg

Before verifying the checksums of the image, you must ensure that the SHA256SUMS file is the one generated by Kali. That’s why the file is signed by Kali’s official key with a detached signature in SHA256SUMS.gpg. If you have not already done so, Kali’s official key can be downloaded and imported into your keychain with this command:

$ wget -q -O - https://www.kali.org/archive-key.asc | gpg --import

or this command

$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 7D8D0BF6

Your output should look like this:

gpg: key 7D8D0BF6: public key "Kali Linux Repository <devel@kali.org>" imported

gpg: Total number processed: 1

gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

You should verify that the key is properly installed with the command:

gpg --fingerprint 7D8D0BF6

The output will look like this:

pub rsa4096 2012-03-05 [SC] [expires: 2021-02-03]

44C6 513A 8E4F B3D3 0875 F758 ED44 4FF0 7D8D 0BF6

uid [ full ] Kali Linux Repository <devel@kali.org>

sub rsa4096 2012-03-05 [E] [expires: 2021-02-03]

Once you have downloaded both SHA256SUMS and SHA256SUMS.gpg, you can verify the signature as follows:

$ gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.gpg SHA256SUMS

gpg: Signature made Thu 16 Mar 08:55:45 2017 MDT using RSA key ID 7D8D0BF6

gpg: Good signature from "Kali Linux Repository <devel@kali.org>"

If you don’t get that “Good signature” message or if the key ID doesn’t match, then you should stop and review whether you downloaded the images from a legitimate Kali Linux mirror. The failed verification strongly suggests that the image you have may have been tampered with.

If you did get the “Good signature” response, you can now be assured that the checksum in the SHA256SUMS file was actually provided by the Kali Linux development team. All that remains to be done to complete the verification is to validate that the signature you compute from the ISO you’ve downloaded matches the one in the SHA256SUMS file. You can do that on Linux or OS X with the following command (assuming that the ISO is named “kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso” and is in your working directory):

grep kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso SHA256SUMS | shasum -a 256 -c

If the image is successfully authenticated, the response will look like this:

kali-linux-2016.2-amd64.iso: OK

If you don’t get “OK” in response, then stop and review what’s happened: the Kali image you have has apparently been tampered with. Do NOT use it.

Once you’ve downloaded and verified your image, you can proceed to create a bootable “Kali Linux Live” USB drive.

Kali Linux Hard Disk Install

2018-12-22T01:57:00.000+05:30

Kali Linux Installation Requirements

Installing Kali Linux on your computer is an easy process. First, you’ll need compatible computer hardware. Kali is supported on i386, amd64, and ARM (both armel and armhf) platforms. The hardware requirements are minimal as listed below, although better hardware will naturally provide better performance. The i386 images have a default PAE kernel, so you can run them on systems with over 4GB of RAM. Download Kali Linux and either burn the ISO to DVD, or prepare a USB stick with Kali Linux Live as the installation medium. If you do not have a DVD drive or USB port on your computer, check out the Kali Linux Network Install.

Installation Prerequisites

A minimum of 20 GB disk space for the Kali Linux install.
RAM for i386 and amd64 architectures, minimum: 1GB, recommended: 2GB or more.
CD-DVD Drive / USB boot support

Preparing for the Installation

Download Kali linux.
Burn The Kali Linux ISO to DVD or Image Kali Linux Live to USB.
Ensure that your computer is set to boot from CD / USB in your BIOS.

Kali Linux Installation Procedure

To start your installation, boot with your chosen installation medium. You should be greeted with the Kali Boot screen. Choose either Graphical or Text-Mode install. In this example, we chose a GUI install.
Select your preferred language and then your country location. You’ll also be prompted to configure your keyboard with the appropriate keymap.
Specify your geographic location.
The installer will copy the image to your hard disk, probe your network interfaces, and then prompt you to enter a hostname for your system. In the example below, we’ve entered “kali” as our hostname.
You may optionally provide a default domain name for this system to use.
Next, provide a full name for a non-root user for the system.
A default user ID will be created, based on the full name you provided. You can change this if you like.
Next, set your time zone.
The installer will now probe your disks and offer you four choices. In our example, we’re using the entire disk on our computer and not configuring LVM (logical volume manager). Experienced users can use the “Manual” partitioning method for more granular configuration options.
Select the disk to be partitioned.
Depending on your needs, you can choose to keep all your files in a single partition — the default — or to have separate partitions for one or more of the top-level directories. If you’re not sure which you want, you want “All files in one partition”.
Next, you’ll have one last chance to review your disk configuration before the installer makes irreversible changes. After you click Continue, the installer will go to work and you’ll have an almost finished installation.
Configure network mirrors. Kali uses a central repository to distribute applications. You’ll need to enter any appropriate proxy information as needed.

NOTE! If you select “NO” in this screen, you will NOT be able to install packages from Kali repositories.
Next, install GRUB.
Finally, click Continue to reboot into your new Kali installation.

Post Installation

Now that you’ve completed installing Kali Linux, it’s time to customize your system. The Kali General Use section of our site has more information and you can also find tips on how to get the most out of Kali in our User Forums.

Dual Boot Kali with Windows/ Install kali linux on windows

2018-12-22T01:49:00.001+05:30

Kali Linux Dual Boot with Windows

Installing Kali alongside a Windows installation can be quite useful. However, you need to exercise caution during the setup process. First, make sure that you’ve backed up any important data on your Windows installation. Since you’ll be modifying your hard drive, you’ll want to store this backup on external media. Once you’ve completed the backup, we recommend you peruse Kali Linux Hard Disk Install, which explains the normal procedure for a basic Kali install.

In our example, we will be installing Kali Linux alongside an installation of Windows 7, which is currently taking up 100% of the disk space in our computer. We will start by resizing our current Windows partition to occupy less space and then proceed to install Kali Linux in the newly-created empty partition.

Download Kali Linux and either burn the ISO to DVD, or prepare a USB stick with Kali linux Liveas the installation medium. If you do not have a DVD or USB port on your computer, check out the Kali Linux Network Install. Ensure you have:

Minimum of 20 GB free disk space on Windows
CD-DVD / USB boot support

Preparing for the Installation

Download Kali Linux.
Burn The Kali Linux ISO to DVD or copy Kali Linux Live to USB.
Ensure that your computer is set to boot from CD / USB in your BIOS.

Dual Boot Installation Procedure

To start your installation, boot with your chosen installation medium. You should be greeted with the Kali Boot screen. Select Live, and you should be booted into the Kali Linux default desktop.
Now launch the gparted program. We’ll use gparted to shrink the existing Windows partition to give us enough room to install Kali Linux.
Select your Windows partition. Depending on your system, it will usually be the second, larger partition. In our example, there are two partitions; the first is the System Recovery partition, and Windows is actually installed in /dev/sda2. Resize your Windows partition and leave enough space (20 GB minimum) for the Kali installation.

Once you have resized your Windows partition, ensure you “Apply All Operations” on the hard disk. Exit gparted and reboot.
Kali Linux Installation Procedure

The installation procedure from this point onwards is similar to a Kali Linux Hard Dis k install, until the point of the partitioning, where you need to select “Guided – use the largest continuous free space” that you created earlier with gparted.
Once the installation is done, reboot. You should be greeted with a GRUB boot menu, which will allow you to boot either into Kali or Windows.

Post Installation

Android 9 Pie For Moto G4 plus Athene

2018-12-21T18:12:00.001+05:30

Android 9 Pie For Moto G4 plus Athene

Android 9 Pie For Moto G4 plus Athene

Android 9 Pie For Moto G4 plus Athene yes we have Android Pie Rom for Our Moto g4 plus aka Athene Motorola Moto G4 Plus launched in May 2016. Here we will discuss the release of Android 9.0 Pie update for Moto G4 Plus. so to update our Moto g4 Plus We Are Going to Install Android Pie.

What’s on Android 9.0 Pie For Moto G4?

Android 9.0 Pie is the 9th iteration and a major update of Google’s Android OS. The new Android Pie brings a couple of design changes to the successor Android Oreo but the most notable one is the gesture-based navigation system. Other features of Android 9 Pie are New Quick Settings UI design, Redesigned volume slider, Advanced Battery with AI Support, Notch Support, Improved Adaptive Brightness, Manual theme selection, Android Dashboard which Google calls Digital Wellbeing, and more other features.

Android 9 Pie Lenovo k4 Note Features

As a reminder, here are the most important new features of Android 9 Pie that you’ll be getting if you update to one of these unofficial releases:

Gesture Navigation – removes the recent apps overview button and replaces the original home button with a pill that can slide up to show recent apps or slide right to quickly switch between apps
Revamped recent apps – the vertical, stacked card list is replaced with a horizontal card list (interestingly, the launcher is now integrated with the recent apps overview which opens up some exciting possibilities)
Revamped user interface – commonly called “Material Design 2,” the new Material Theme guidelines have brought a fresh coat of paint throughout the UI
Digital Wellbeing – a feature designed to help you use your smartphone less by tracking your usage and wind down at night to prevent distractions
Adaptive Battery – with App Standby Buckets, Android limits power consumption for the apps that you don’t use all that often.

When will Motorola release Android 9.0 Pie update for Moto G4 Plus Athene?

Real Answer is Never Because Moto will not give Any mote Updates Now you will have to do it your self. Motorola will not support Android 9.0 Pie for this device, but Dont worry you can try the custom ROM once the developer builds from the Android Pie source code. The developers are working currently to get a beta build of Android 9.0 Pie for this device. As soon as the developer release the initial build, we will share it here. Motorola will roll the Pie update for their new device Moto Z3 and Moto Z3 Play.

What’s Working:

WiFi
RIL
Mobile Data
GPS
Camera
Flashlight
Camcorder
Bluetooth
Fingerprint Reader
HW Buttons
Alert Slider and Gestures
Sound / Vibration

Extras

Extra Ambient display features
Picture adjustment
RGB color calibration settings
Display color temperature customization
LED Notification light settings (Customize)
Customize Touchscreen gestures
Performance profiles to save battery and improve the speed
Lockscreen Customization option
FlipFlap – smart cover support
Privacy Guard—control app permissions
Customize the size of the lock screen pattern
Quick Settings Customization
Status Bar Customization such as Double tap to sleep, Clock Settings, Show network traffic, and Status bar tuner
SystemUI Customization
Buttons/Navigation Bar
Calls and Audio/Ringtone customization.
and other miscellaneous feature.

Android 9 Pie For Moto G4 plus Athene

Android Pie Final gsi is here You Can install this On All Treble Phones. It was first announced by Google the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second developer preview is expected to be released at the next Google I/O developer conference.

Continew :

Best Custom ROMS for Android 2019

2018-12-20T22:50:00.002+05:30

Best Custom ROMS for Android 2019

Best Custom ROMS for Android 2019 You’ve got yourself an Android device, but you hate the manufacturer’s User Interface. When you boot it up, you find a ton of bloatware pre-installed from the factory. After a few days you simply don’t like the look of things or how they behave. To top it all off, the newest version of Android has been released, and you’ve found that your phone isn’t supported.

Best Custom ROMS for Android 2019

Installing a custom ROM is easy; however, it does require that you have root (administrative) access. Be aware that rooting your phone is something that almost always voids your warranty. Flashing a custom ROM can also permanently brick your device, although occurrences are rare if you follow the installation steps properly.

1 Lineage os

LineageOS is a free and open-source operating system for set-top boxes, smartphones and .And for the code review process of both the operating system and the infrastructure.A free and open-source operating system for various devices, based on the Android mobile platform.

Download:

2. Pixel 3 OS

Download Pixel Experience 9 Pie Rom For Android Phones

Pixel Experience is an AOSP based custom ROM, with Google apps included and all Pixel goodies (launcher, wallpapers, icons, fonts, bootanimation).

Download:

Checkout Quora:

3. Arrow os

Arrow OS Pie Roms Bacon Wyred

ArrowOS is an AOSP based open source custom rom project started with the aim of keeping things simple, clean and neat, both for the Android system and users. We understand the pain of unnecessary and sometimes rarely used mods/features being shipped with custom roms nowadays which may end up causing battery drains and/or memory leaks. This is being strictly avoided on our side keeping everything to a bare minimum, delivering the stable performance all the time without destroying the AOSP interface. With users getting more used to tweaks and features, we added just the right stuff that will be actually USEFUL at the end of the day.

Download:

4. CrDorid OS

crDroid is designed to improve the performance, reliability and customisable of stock Android.
We officially support 87 devices in Android 8.1 Oreo and 29 devices in Android 9.0 Pie with more to come.

Download:

5. Aosp Pie

Download Aosp Extended 9.0 Pie Rom

AOSP Extended is an AOSP based rom which provides stock UI/UX with various customisations features along with the Substratum theme engine. The project has been made by cherry-picking various commits from various other projects. Being based on AOSP it provides a smooth and lag-free experience out of the box. We will constantly try to add more features and make it even better in future updates.

Download:

These are top five best CUSTOM ROM's for android..
Read more:

Block diagram of computer & it's components.

2018-12-09T11:49:00.001+05:30

Block diagram of digital computer & it's

components.

A computer is a electronic device which process data under the control of set of instruction called program. It has the ability to accept data , execute the program , mathematical & logical operations on data & display the result on output device.

Functional components of computer system are ;

Block diagram of digital computer

Central processing unit (CPU) : The purpose of CPU is to execute the program stored in main memory by performing the following task -

➤ Fetch instructions from memory.
➤ Understand the fetched instructions to determine what is needed.
➤ Fetch data if required either from memory or from input device.
➤ Perform arithmetic & logical operations on data.
➤ Write data either to memory location or on output device.

The main components of CPU are :

➽ ALU (Arithmetic & logic unit ) : The function of ALU is to perform arithmetic operations such as addition , multiplication , subtraction & logical operations such as AND, OR, X-OR, & bit wise operations such as bit wise AND, OR , NOT & SHIFT.

➽ Timing & control unit : This unit controls the entire operation of a computer. It acts as a brain. It also connected to CPU. It generates timing signals that are necessary for input & output devices.

➽ General purpose register : General purpose register are used for temporary storage of data & intermediate results while computer is making execution of a program.

➽ Accumulator : Accumulator is a register which contains one of the operands & store results of most arithmetic & logical operations.

➽ Memory : Memory is the storage area of the computer where data & information stored , it can be categorised in two types :-

➱ Primary memory. :- The primary memory is also called as volatile memory because it can't store the data permanently.
Ex : RAM , etc.

➱ Secondary memory. Secondary memory is external & permanent memory that is useful to store data .
Ex : Floppy disk , CD , HDD, pen drive etc.

➽ Input device : Input device is a piece of computer hardware that is used to provide data & control signals to computer.
Ex : keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.

➽ Output device : Output device is a piece of computer hardware that is used to provide output.
Ex : monitor, printer, speakers, etc.

https://prashantech.blogspot.com/2018/12/block-diagram-of-computer-its-components.html

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Best free call recorder app for IMO | WhatsApp | Facebook | Viber | Skype | Telegram and Hangouts

2018-12-02T18:30:00.000+05:30

Best free call recorder app for IMO | WhatsApp | Facebook | Viber | Skype | Telegram and Hangouts. Please don't forget to Like, Share, Comment and Subscribe to our Techno Vedant Channel for more videos. Cube Call Recorder lets you easily record your incoming and outgoing phone calls and VoIP conversations.

The best part? It's FREE!

►Cube Call Recorder supports:
- Phone calls
- Skype 7, Skype Lite
- Viber
- WhatsApp
- Hangouts
- Facebook
- IMO
- KAKAO
- LINE
- Slack
- Telegram
- more coming soon!

- Currently, Jio4GVoice is NOT supported.
- Not all devices support VoIP calls recording. Below you can find the list of devices where VoIP call recording feature is mostly supported. Please, add your observation and experience as comments next to a relevant device. https://goo.gl/YG9xaP

※NOTE
This app uses Accessibility services.

for video support chick here:https://youtu.be/HWmfuOfoD68

►Crystal Clear Sound Quality!
Record your calls and conversations in the best possible quality.

►Easy to Use!
- Automatically record every call. Record each conversation the moment it starts;
- Automatically record selected contacts. Create a list of people you want to always record;
- Exclusion list. Create a list of contact who won't be recorded automatically;
- Manual recording. Tap the record button mid-call to record only the selected conversations or parts of them;
- In-App playback. Cube ACR has a built-in file explorer for managing your recordings, playing them, deleting on the fly or exporting to other services or devices;
- Smart speaker switching. Bring the phone to your ear on playback to switch from loudspeaker to earspeaker to privately listen to your recordings.
- Starred recordings. Mark important calls and filter them for quick access;
- Call back and open contacts right from the app.

Premium features:
★ Cloud backup. Save your call recording to Google Drive and restore them if something goes wrong.
★ Pin lock. Protect your recording from prying eyes and ears.
★ More audio formats. Record calls in MP4 format and change their quality.
★ Save to SD card. Move your recordings to an SD card and use it a default save location.
★ Shake-to-mark. Shake your phone while recording your calls to mark the important parts of a conversation.
★ Smart storage management. Automatically delete overtime old unimportant (non-starred) calls and ignore recording short calls.
★ Stealth mode. Remove Cube from the app drawer, notifications bar and hide the recording widget.
★ Post-call actions. Immediately play, share or delete a recording once you stop a conversation.

►Works on tablets
Even if your device doesn't support cellular calls, you can use Cube Call Recorder to record Skype, Viber, WhatsApp and other VoIP conversations.

※NOTE
If it doesn't work on your device or you hear only yourself on playback, try changing the recording source in the Settings, or use auto-on speaker mode.

※Legal notice
The legislation regarding phone call recording varies in different countries and states. Please, make sure that you're not breaking the legislation of your or your callee/caller country. Always notify the callee/caller that your conversation will be recorded and ask for their permission.

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2018-11-30T21:50:00.001+05:30

How To Connect VNC on Windows and Mac?

Setting up your account :

Professional or Enterprise subscription

Activate your 30 day trial here, making sure to choose the right subscription for you.

On the remote computer you want to control.

Download VNC Viewer.

Install VNC Connect. You should be prompted to license the VNC Server program when installation finishes, but if not select Licensing from the VNC Server shortcut menu:
License VNC Server by signing in to it using your RealVNC account credentials. (If you have an Enterprise subscription, you can also use your license key, available from the Deployment page of your RealVNC account.)

You can check you have added the computer to your team by signing in to your RealVNC account online and checking the Computers page (you can also remove it here).

Note: If you want to install VNC Connect remotely over RDP, see this FAQ'S.

On the local device you want to control from1

Download VNC Viewer.Download VNC click here
Install or run VNC Viewer and sign in using your RealVNC account credentials. You should see the remote computer appear in your team:
Click or tap to connect. You are prompted to authenticate to VNC Server. Do not enter your RealVNC account password. Instead:

If you have a Home subscription, enter the password you specified when you installed VNC Connect. If you've forgotten it, see this article.
If you have a Professional or Enterprise subscription, enter your system credentials; that is, the username and password you usually use to log in to your user account on the remote computer (NB: The user account must have an associated password).

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Honor 8C Price in India Tipped !!

2018-11-22T22:01:00.001+05:30

Honor 8C Price in India Tipped, Said to Be an Amazon-Exclusive ;

HIGHLIGHTS

Honor 8C will be priced at around Rs. 15,000 in India
It will become the first device to run Snapdragon 632 in India
Honor 8C was launched by the Huawei sub-brand in China last month

Huawei's sub-brand Honor is set to launch its new Amazon-exclusive smartphone Honor 8C for around Rs. 15,000 in India, industry sources told IANS on Thursday.

The IANS report adds that the Honor 8C will become the first device to run Qualcomm's Snapdragon 632 SoC in India. It also says that the smartphone will be launched in two variants - 4GB RAM/ 64GB inbuilt storage and 6GB RAM/ 64GB inbuilt storage. To recall, the Honor 8C was launched by the Huaweisub-brand in China last month.

In China, the Honor 8C is priced at CNY 1,099 (roughly Rs. 11,800) for the base variant with 4GB RAM/ 32GB of inbuilt storage in China, and CNY 1,399 (about Rs. 15,000) for the 4GB RAM/ 64GB inbuilt storage model.

The dual-SIM (Nano) Honor 8C runs EMUI 8.2 based on Android 8.1 Oreo, and sports a 6.26-inch HD+ (720x1520 pixels) TFT LCD IPS display with a 19:9 aspect ratio, 269ppi pixel density, and 86.6 percent screen-to-body ratio. The handset is powered by an octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 626 SoC, paired with an Adreno 506 GPU, 4GB of LPDDR3 RAM, and 32GB of inbuilt storage. Storage is expandable via a dedicated microSD card slot (up to 256GB).

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For more information click hear >>> https://bit.ly/2zn4oBB

Realme C1 launch ,specifications, price & many more ...

2018-11-20T22:05:00.000+05:30

Realme C1 smartphone was launched in September 2018. The phone comes with a 6.20-inch touchscreen display Realme C1 price in India starts from Rs. 8,149.

The Realme C1 is powered b⇩y 1.8GHz octa-core processor and it comes with 2GB of RAM. The phone packs 16GB of internal storage that can be expanded up to 256GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are concerned, the Realme C1 packs a 13-megapixel primary camera and a 2-megapixel secondary camera on the rear and a 5-megapixel front shooter for selfies.

Realme C1 full specifications

GENERAL

Release date	September 2018
Launched in India	Yes
Form factor	Touchscreen
Body type	Plastic
Dimensions (mm)	156.20 x 75.60 x 8.20
Weight (g)	168.00
Battery capacity (mAh)	4230
Removable battery	No
Wireless charging	No
Colours	Ocean Blue, Deep Black

DISPLAY

Screen size (inches)	6.20
Touchscreen	Yes
Aspect ratio	19:9

HARDWARE

Processor	1.8GHz octa-core
Processor make	Snapdragon 450
RAM	2GB
Internal storage	16GB
Expandable storage	Yes
Expandable storage type	microSD
Expandable storage up to (GB)	256
Dedicated microSD slot	Yes

CAMERA

Rear camera	13-megapixel + 2-megapixel
Rear autofocus	Phase detection autofocus
Rear flash	Yes
Front camera	5-megapixel

SOFTWARE

Operating system	Android 8.1
Skin	Color OS 5.1

CONNECTIVITY

Wi-Fi	Yes
Bluetooth	Yes

SENSORS

Face unlock	Yes
Compass/ Magnetometer	Yes
Proximity sensor	Yes
Accelerometer	Yes
Ambient light sensor	Yes

The Realme C1 is powered by a 4230mAh non removable battery. It measures 156.20 x 75.60 x 8.20 (height x width x thickness) and weighs 168.00 grams.

Connectivity options include Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Sensors on the phone include Face unlock, Compass/ Magnetometer, Proximity sensor, Accelerometer and Ambient light sensor.

About Realme

Realme is an offshoot of the Chinese brand Oppo, and aims to provide smartphones under Rs. 20,000 for the "young people around the world." It is led by former Oppo Global VP Sky Li and was launched in May 2018.

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About web designing

2018-04-14T10:25:00.000+05:30

eb design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all.^[1] The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing mark up. Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating mark up then they are also expected to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines.