Cars history

FERRARI

2012-03-20T10:46:00.000-07:00

FERRARI

This famous car brand founded by a man 20 years has worked on other Italian companies, and remained unnoticed until, until you opened your own business.

Enzo Ferrari (Enzo Ferrari) was born in 1898 worked at the company Alfa Romeo: first there was the factory team rider, then a specialist to prepare for the race cars. His team, Scuderia Ferrari in the 30s. "dragged" to a full racing program of the company Alfa Romeo. But even before the Second World War, Enzo Ferrari decided to go his own way.

The first road car Enzo Ferrari was not called by his name. The car "815" with a 1.5-liter inline "eight" has produced a company Auto-Avio Costruzioni shortly before the Second World War
In 1939, in Modena was registered firm Auto-Avio Costruzioni di Ferrari Enzo ("Auto-Avio Kostrutsioni di Ferrari Enzo"). However, the first machine with the name of Ferrari as a brand and the famous stallion rearing as an emblem was built at the factory in Maranello, near Modena, in a 1947 Ferrari First, interested only in motor racing and road cars built and sold only to obtain funds to racing the program.

On the Enzo Ferrari worked the best body builder company in Italy, such as the Milanese "atelier" Touring ("Touring"). The word "superleggera" in the logo stands for the patented "super easy" bodywork. But the lion's share of production cars Ferrari has a body of Pininfarina ("Pininfarina")
According to many knowledgeable people all his life of Enzo Ferrari's attitude to their road cars as a necessary evil. Racing remained for him the priority activity until his death. Racing Team Ferrari - the only one to date, "stable", which took part in all the races in the Formula 1 Grand Prix. A long list of victories so far is the yardstick by which evaluated the success other teams.

As the first model of Enzo Ferrari, the car "166" shown in the photo in the variants "Barchetta" ("Barketta" - "boat") and coupe, distinguished by a small engine capacity. With its 12-cylinder engine was only a 2-liter. Hence the numerical index model: each of the cylinders had a volume of 166 cm '. Bodies engaged in Milanese design "studio" Touring
Since its inception, the firm and non-stop Ferrari continually expanding. If in the early 50s. factory in Maranello produced at least 50 road cars per year, the beginning of 70s. annual production exceeded one thousand copies.

In the history of the company had two cars with Testa Rossa ("Testa Rossa" - "Red Head"). We are talking about a car with a V-shaped 12-cylinder engine cylinder capacity of 3 liters. The photo shows a model of the "250 Testa Rossa" of the sample in 1958, immediately after its debut, she won a leading position in road racing, winning the 1958 Le Mans and World Championship sports car
During the first 20 years of existence of Ferrari all of its road models had engines VI2. Later installed V8 engines and even a V6, have been widely used turbo, but all the engines were very powerful and vysokoborotnymi.

Even more famous than the Testa Rossa, a model of "250GTO". This is a modification of the sports car road "250GT", specially adapted for participation in endurance racing. As the car Testa Rossa, complete its 3-liter V12. Ferrari 250GTO was released a limited edition, so in these days is the most desirable acquisition for collectors

Development of designs Ferrari cars passed through several clearly distinguishable periods of successive in a logical sequence. From 1947 to 1964, all road Ferrari had a front-mounted V-shaped 12-cylinder engine and rear-wheel drive with a dependent suspension. They had the same type of frame from the pipes of oval cross section. Body for the first machines were ordered on the side benefit of body "studio" in Italian enough, but the beginning of the 60s. preference was given once and for all the company Pimnfarina as a designer and company Scaglietti ("Skaletti") as their producer.

This was called car Ferrari Dino. He was no less elegant than any other car company, but is available over a wide range of buyers. Introduced in 1967, he opened a brand new Dino, "subsidiary" in relation to Ferrari. For the company's Dino was a milestone: the first car with the engine within the database, the first model without the V-shaped 12-cylinder engine. Dino got engine V6, first 2-liter, 2.4-liter later

After 1964, the Ferrari cars are increasingly used independent rear suspension. On some of them are located behind the gear box. In the late 60s. was born the first road car with the engine within the wheelbase. At the same time attempts were made to create a parallel brand Dino ("Dino"), so that under it could bring to market a 6-cylinder cars.

Until the appearance in the 1990 car Lamborghini Diablo, and others like him supercars, shown here Ferrari F40 car had virtually no competitors. Debut ztoy model took place in 1987 Its engine, a 3-liter V-shaped "eight" with two turbochargers and intercooling, developed the power of 471 hp It is enough that at a certain skill to disperse the car to a speed of 360 km / h The basis of the car was racing model "288GTO", created in the 80s.

The turning point in the affairs of the company was in 1969 when Ferrari gave half of his firm's concern FIAT. At the Ferrari cars themselves are not affected. In the mid-70s. Production has remained the one and only model with a front engine, and in the early 80s it became clear that this machine is present in the program, the company only in order to delay the inevitable parting with it. Since the 90's. company produced a model with only the motor within the base.

Enzo Ferrari died in 1998, and concern FIAT took him under his wing a company completely. At that time four-wheel drive models, Ferrari had no brakes with ABS system has just been put into use, and experiments with the "advanced" electronics were in their infancy.

FIERCE-ARROW

2012-03-16T12:10:00.002-07:00

FIERCE-ARROW

Despite the fact that the company existed only 29 years old, survived the crash on Wall Street and the ensuing depression, she became one of the most prestigious in the world and maintained its reputation to this day. Pierce, George (George N. Pierce) Pierce made the first car in 1904 In 1909 all the cars were brand new Pierce-Arrow. By 1914, the company offers three well-developed 6-cylinder models, including "66", which was considered the biggest series of the machine age in the U.S..

The elegant and high-speed model, Pierce-Arrow was decorated with sculpted figures an archer, in this case, "VI2" 1932
By 1915 the company has built more than 12 thousand cars. Most of them belong to the prestigious. Issue related models "38" / "48" / "66" finally ceased in 1923 and replaced in the mid 20's. there were cars with engines smaller working volume.
In 1928, George Pierce became ill and decided to leave the firm after selling her company Studebaker ("Studebaker"). Soon after President Pierce-Arrow was Albert Erskine (Albert Erskine), who headed the Studebaker. Sales of Pierce-Arrow cars have doubled - up to 10 thousand units in 1929

Body Pierce-Arrow VI2 1933 had a delightful design
In the so-called multi-cylinder race, which began after the collapse on Wall Street, Pierce-Arrow Company first introduced nizhneklapanny 8-cylinder engine in 1931 - the motor V12. The previous six-cylinder engines were replaced with two new models of motors that are in the 30's. installed on all models of the company.
Due to the economic downturn Pierce-Arrow was released in 1932 only 2241 cars. At the same Ab Jenkins (Ab Jenkins) on the modernized car "V12" broke many speed records. Next year Studebaker entered external administration. As a result, Albert Erskine, committed suicide, and Pierce-Arrow Company was sold to a group of businessmen and bankers.

A typical Pierce-Arrow was a respectable and dignified with a large car wheelbase. In the photo - model 1932
Despite this, the company has managed to produce a luxury car exhibition Silver Arrow ("Silver Arrow"), but the start of its release, it failed because the final bankruptcy in August, 1934 Still, the company revived. In 1936 the car received a body-date appearance. The volume of production was low and steadily falling. If the 1935 Pierce-Arrow built 875 cars, in 1936 - 787, and in 1937 - only 167. The final blow came in the spring of 1938, after assembling the last 30 cars. The remains of the famous American company had been sold at auction. Attempts at regeneration is not followed, and one of the most well-known brands disappeared forever.
Fierce-Arrow 66 ("Pierce-Arrow 66"), 1910-1918
The first six-cylinder Pierce used a car that was built specifically for racing, "Glidden Tour" (Glidden Tour) in 1906 is natural that in 1909 he installed on the machine Fierce-Arrow. A year later, the largest of them, a working volume of 5.13 liters, was used in the model "66", which remained in production until joining the U.S. in 1918 in the first world war.

With its powerful 13.5-liter six-cylinder engine Fierce-Arrow Model 66 without too much effort to develop high speed
This car was the largest in a series of six-cylinder cars Fierce-Arrow. Its wheelbase of 3.55 meters in 1913 increased to 3.75 m Motor consisted of three separate 2-cylinder cast iron block on aluminum crankcase with large and heavy cast-iron pistons. The engine was a low speed. Its working volume was increased from the initial 10.6 liters to 11.7 liters in 1910, and then - up to 13.5 liters. Maximum cardinality, he developed only at 1200 rev / min. While this engine was the largest of the proposed on American cars. When the T-shaped combustion chambers motion gatel packaged with a dual ignition system with two spark plugs per cylinder. Six of them were powered by a magneto, and the remaining six - from the ignition coil. The driver could use one or the other set or two at the same time.
Conventional notions of American chassis differed interesting feature: the foot and hand brake acted on the same outer and inner drum pads, respectively. Famous lights built into the front wings, appeared in 1913 while maintaining the same body.
For nine years, was made in 1638 of large Fierce-Arrow 66. A significant number of these vehicles arrived in Minneapolis. Handbook of Fire Protection gave "good" to build on the basis of "66" fire-fighting vehicles.
Recent instances of this model were collected in 1918, then even the Fierce-Arrow company realized that the time for such machines is gone.
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This is an open touring Fierce-Arrow in 1914 was different characteristic headlights built into the front fenders

Characteristics (1912)
Engine: P6, nizhneklapanny
Bore and stroke: 127x177, 8 mm
Displacement: 13,514 cm3
Maximum power: 80 hp
Transmission: 4-speed manual gearbox, rear-wheel drive
Chassis: the steel ladder frame
Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs
Brakes: drum (rear wheels only)
Body: various types of
Maximum speed: 113 km / h
Fierce-Arrow Straight Eight ("Pierce Arrow Straight Eight")
The generation of cars with a new row "eight" (the lower valves, crankshaft polnooporny) Fierce-Arrow Company has established long before the difficulties in the U.S. economy and the emergence of problems with the sale of motor vehicles with a large working volume.
Cars Fierce-Arrow Straight Eight created prior to the sale of Studebaker. From their production decided not to give up. The decision was worth it. It was the most powerful cars in the history of the company. They had an excellent chassis that allowed the body to lower the floor level, improved manageability and cost less than their 6-cylinder predecessors. Externally, it was typical of Fierce-Arrow, and the company expects the 30-ies. prosperity.

Fierce-Arrow Straight Eight in 1930 with a luxurious seven-seat phaeton body
But because of the events on Wall Street, everything collapsed. Model Eight of the planned level of sales has not reached. In the 1930 model year, managed to sell 6795 of these cars in 1931 - 4522. Then the number of buyers has decreased dramatically. In 1935 (after another crisis of the company) was produced 523 cars, and in the last year of production of the factory in Buffalo, NY, came out of 121 cars.
Despite this, the company offered three options for the engine working volume, although a clear explanation of this fact was not followed. In 1928 Fierce-Arrow began to install the engine cylinder capacity of 5991 cm3, and used it until 1935 In 1929, a version with a slightly reduced engine diameter cylinder (5587 cm3). It is installed parallel to 1931 and before production ceased in 1938, but with a break in 1931-1933., Produced version of a working volume of 6306 cm3 with an increased stroke and the same as the first engine, the cylinder diameter. Engine power of 115, 125 and 132 hp respectively.
In 30-ies. Chassis of this model was very similar to appeared in the 1931 model, "V12", and all exterior improvements to one of them crossed to the other. Company Fierce-Arrow is always attentively monitored Detroit trends in design. So in 1934 a form of body is more rounded, improved equipment vehicles, and in 1936 the car received a new frame with a crossbar and the cross is shifted forward engine.
In 10 years Straight Eight production has lagged behind in a constructive manner (for example, it has not received an independent front suspension), although the quality of manufacturing remained the same, very high level.

Fierce-Arrow Straight Eight 1932 The body design of the first cars looked like "VIZ" the same year

Characteristics (1928)
Engine: P8, nizhneklapanny
Bore and stroke: 85,85 x120, 65 mm
Displacement: 5587 cm3
Maximum Power: 115 hp
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs
Brakes: drum
Body: 2 to 7 different types of local
Maximum speed: 137 km / h
Pierce-Arrow V12 ("Pierce-Arrow V12")
In light of the dire economic situation in the U.S. early 30-ies. seems inexplicable desire to start production of large, complex and powerful cars with V-shaped 12 - and 16-cylinder engines. But the emergence of such machines from firms Cadillac ("Cadillac"), Lincoln ("Lincoln") and Marmon ("Mapmon") and the company made the Fierce-Arrow in 1931, to submit their own well-developed model of the "V12" with 7,6 - liter engine.

This 7.6-liter Fierce-Arrow VI2 body to the city was built in 1937 shortly before the closing of the company. In that year, out of the gate of the factory came out of 137 cars
Such a step can be explained by the desire to create an ad. The project initially was not seen as profitable. For eight years the company managed to sell just a very expensive 1812 cars "V12". In the first year, they cost from 3650 USD - $ 200 more expensive Cadillac VI2 ("Cadillac"). For comparison, the price of the most popular 4-cylinder Ford's ("Ford") - it started with $ 410.
For the "V12" reinforced frame chosen from the long wheelbase version of the model of Eight ("Eight"). Sam V-shaped 12-cylinder engine had a classic for this type of engine design with a cylinder angle of the collapse of 80 °, two cast-iron block on aluminum crankcase, crankshaft polnoopornym and bottom-valve to the hydraulic lifters in the drive.

The instrument panel is one of five Silver Arrow cars worth 10 thousand dollars. Unusual in its form, called a "bird's eye". Windshield frame decorated with the lining of the maple wood

Raise the level of sales could not even Ab Jenkins, who set to the maximum lite "V12" a number of speed records at Bonneville Salt Lake. The company hoped to raise interest in using the exhibition of cars Silver Arrow, far ahead of time, but they were built in 1933, a total of five units at a price of 10 thousand dollars.

The first samples of the model were 6, 5 - or 7-liter engines, but even with 150 hp provide the necessary characteristics was not possible. So in 1933 came with a larger version of the engine to 7.6 liter working volume (175 hp). His and installed on the car before the end of production.

Rierce-Arrow Silver Arrow V12, built for the exhibition "Century of Progress" in Chicago (1933), was the "highlight" of exposure. The shape of his body doing enough in the wind tunnel. Therefore, the maximum machine speed increased to 185 km / h Spare tires were stored inside the front fenders. Note the very narrow rear windows

Characteristics (Silver Arrow, 1933)

Engine: VI2, nizhneklapanny

Bore and Stroke: 88,9 x101, 6mm

Displacement: 7566 cm3

Maximum Power: 175 hp

Transmission: 3-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: Sedan

Maximum speed: 185 km / h

FORD EUROPE

2012-03-16T12:06:00.002-07:00

FORD EUROPE

Department of Ford Britain ("Ford UK") was opened 8 years after the parent company, founded by Henry Ford (Henry Ford) in the U.S.. It happened in 1911 with the beginning of the first assembly plant in Trafford Park, Manchester. Other European subsidiaries such as Ford Germany ("Ford Germany", 1925), Matford ("Matford", 1934) and Ford France ("Ford France", 1947), came to light later, each with its own managerial staff and its own distribution network.

Ford Europe uses Basic logo (here reproduced in the company name in the blue oval). In recent decades, increasingly used standardized series of machines
Before the 30-ies. all produced in Europe, American cars were designed - Model "T", "A" and "V8" - and used a variety of American-made components. In 30-ies. was a series of midget cars in Europe with eight motors and 10 hp, and then came the period of their own development. Prior to the 60s. British, French and German cars differ structurally, and themselves branch maintained their independence from each other. After 10 years they have entered into a single organization Ford Europe, was a joint development of models. Later, Ford built a plant in Spain, where he began making front-wheel drive model Fiesta ("Fiesta").

Department of the European Ford first produced different models. Anglia 105E ("105E England") with a bent back rear window - British model 50s. The integration began in the 70s. One of the first models with a common body has become Capri ("Capri"), in photo at right shows a special version of "RS3100" with a British engine V6, improved suspension and brakes

In the 60's. English Ford in terms of production ahead of its competitors in the UK, taking the habit of more frequent updating of models. The basis for this success are cars like the first version of the model Cortina ("Cortina"), production of which began in 1962 and was accompanied by the necessary changes to maintain the attractiveness of appearance. In 1966, her body became more angular, and then came version of "Mk3" with smooth lines, and then returned to the sharp forms. Ford has made every effort to maintain the freshness of the design of the conventional car. In the same way done with a series of Escort ("Escort"), while the third generation of these cars has become front-wheel, and the successor of Cortina - a streamlined model of the Sierra ("Sierra") - has remained rear-wheel drive. Virtually every European Ford model was intended for mass production, but in the 60s. goal was to achieve the heights of motorsports. So on this special limited edition sports car.

When Ford was unable to acquire the company Ferrari, UK prostroili own racing GT40 Le Mans ("Le Mans")

The first of these was in the 1963 Lotus Cortina - Model Cortina engine Lotus, and collected by this company. For two years she was recognized the winner of the rally and circuit racing. It was replaced by Escort Twin-Cam ("Twin Cam") with the same engine, and later published a series of sporting options Escort. They also praised Ford victories around the world.

After the release of 70-ies. a number of interesting sports sedan. Ford Europe has lost face. The authority was restored after the development of high-speed Sierra. This image shows the version of the Cosworth RS500 1987

Along with the model developed in the U.S. Mustang in Europe, released a similar car Capri smaller. Capri produced in a variety of options, but most impressive were "V6" and special "RS". In the early 80s. the flow of new products for some time exhausted. At the end of the decade, new exciting machines, in particular the Escort RS Turbo and Sierra RS Cosworth ("Kosuort").

Yet the most successful and high-speed wheel-drive road car was a Sierra Cosworth engine within the database who are late to join the short-lived rally in the category of groups ("B"). By the early 90s. created several of its different variants - hatchback and sedan, including the all-wheel drive performance, as well as a quick and easy Escort RS Cosworth.

Since the beginning of "all-wheel drive" era in international rallies (late 70s). There are other manufacturers are ambitious, but with the Escort Cosworth Ford retained its fighting capacity. Lady in the 90s. Escort rally options have been competitive

In the 90's. something went wrong in the European Ford. In the UK, he was subjected to the strongest attack resurgent Vauxhall ("Vauxhall"). But it has helped the so-called style of "new face" (New Edge), which carried out the model Ca ("Ca"), Focus ("Focus"), Puma ("Puma") and Cougar ("Cougar"). Sedan Mondeo ("Mondeo") in recent years has become a solid middle peasantry British Touring Car Championship.

FORD MOTOR

2012-03-16T12:00:00.002-07:00

FORD MOTOR

Manag first car Henry Ford (Henry Ford) built in 1896 in a workshop near his home in Detroit. This happened long before the foundation of his own company. Having worked on the famous inventor Thomas Edison (Thomas Edison), then the firm Detroit Automobile ("Detroit Otomobayl"), he founded in 1903 by Ford Motor Company. The first Ford cars were hand-made, large and expensive. The breakthrough came in 1908 thanks to the model "T".

The current Ford logo is little different from the inscription on the radiator model "T Tourer" ("tourer") 1911
By selling these cars at the lowest price in a single embodiment, Ford sought to "put America on wheels." In addition, at its plant in Highland Park in 1913 he introduced the moving production line, thus significantly reducing manufacturing cost.
As a result, from 1908 to 1927 were collected 15 million vehicles a model "T", and the Ford Motor Company became the market leader in the U.S.. Henry Ford was a conservative man, rarely listen to their advice. Although the model "A" and followed her car with a V8 engine proved very successful, the company entered into a serious conflict with the unions and the 30-ies. gradually gave way to lead.

The main products until the ford models "V8" in 1932 were cars like the model "A"
In place of the model "T" came the model "A". Structurally, the car turned out to be quite modern: it had a 3-speed gearbox, brakes on all wheels, has received a number of new products for the global automotive industry. For the first time on it used tempered windshield, hydraulic shock absorbers, the first machine with a station wagon went into production.

Model "T" Ford has created a firm reputation for massive, simple and cheap cars. T Ford introduced in 1908 as a "people's car". It was the first model in the world, collected on a conveyor belt. Made of more than 15 million units, it remains the best selling in all the continents before Volkswagen Beetle ("Volkswagen Beetle"). This shows the Ford T Tourer 1911
Success was instantaneous. During the first 16 months of production the company has sold over a million cars. This record was repeated only after 57 years with the model of Ford Escort ("Escort") of the European branch. For model "A" followed by a less successful model of "AB", and then more solid "V8", called "The last mechanical triumph of Ford." The car has the chassis of the model of "AB", including the not very effective brakes. Despite some problems with the gears, the car was in the 30s. the basis of the production program of Ford. By this time, American cars, including "V8", every year, subject to stylistic changes. Before his death, Henry Ford's company was on the verge of bankruptcy. Saved the grandson of Henry Ford II, who came to the leadership after World War II.

American Ford used the logo on the model of Thunderbird ("Thunderbird") in 1956
By this time, Ford has already produced a model Mercury ("Mercury") and Lincoln ("Lincoln"), owned offices in Europe and other continents. Still, the main products of concern were cheap family cars. Ford sales in the U.S. increased from 480 thousand units in 1946 to 1.5 million in 1959 and up to 2 million in 1970 All this time, Ford was fighting for the title of the most successful American carmaker. But it took only a second place for General Motors. From time to time indulged in the creation of Ford vehicles such as the two-seater Thunderbird 50s., Who enjoyed phenomenal success Mustang ("Mustang"), 7-liter Galaxie ("Galaxy") and Torino ("Turin") - all 60 's., and 1.6-liter Pinto ("Pinto") early 70's.

Ford acquired the well-known Italian bodybuilder "atelier" Ghia in 1970 Since then, Ford is using its logo to celebrate their well-equipped versions of production models
The energy crisis of the 70-80s. Ford forced to reduce the size of their cars, to reduce engine power and simplify their style. Like its rivals, Ford began to establish ties with Japanese companies (in this case with Mazda), which made it possible to start mass production of front wheel drive cars. In the 80's. full-size American sedans such as LTD are gone. Buyers opt for the family reduced the size of cars like the Fairmont ("Fairmont"). Then it was time models, made in European style. This trend was clearly visible on a series of Thunderbird, when the cars of the typical representatives of the American design patterns become smooth streamlined forms. Another example was the model of the Tempo.

The emblem on the European model Ford 90s. So far, all branches of the concern are the manufacturers of mass production
Despite the change of orientation, Ford has not ceased to be himself, along with releasing mediocre models and such models as the Mustang SVO turbo and an updated Mustang GT. Concern turned to the Japanese for help in creating a more perfect version of the model Taurus ("Taypyc") with engine Yamaha V6 ("Yamaha"), which developed a speed of up to 217 km / h

Tempo was a typical and poorly recognizable American model of Ford 80s. She was one of the family car with compact dimensions
The most attractive cars Ford produced is usually called the Lincoln Continental ("Lincoln Continental"). In the 80's. established closer ties with the European branch of Ford, which led to the creation of a unified database of American and European options Escort. Sold in the U.S. Ford vehicles are sometimes produced abroad: the classic example of this model, Probe ("Probe") and Capri ("Capri") of the late 80s. That were actually changed externally cars Mazda. And yet, the new American style embodied in the successful series of Taurus.

In the mid-60s. Ford Mustang by the term "compact car" ("pony car"). Mustang has spurred the emergence of a new category of powerful models built on sedans

FORD-AUSTRALIA

2012-03-16T11:56:00.000-07:00

FORD-AUSTRALIA

The first in Australia in 1925 were collected cars like Ford T. In a few years important components of Australian manufacturing steel bodywork for cars model "A". Up until the 60s. all Australian Ford cars had their own design. The 70-th years. car Ford-Australia differed from the U.S., but still followed in line with overseas trends, which led to the emergence of such interesting hybrids as a model Cortina ("Cortina") with 6-cylinder engine cylinder capacity of 4.1 liters.

Ford-Australia no still uses an oval logo with a classic sign
Later, for the Australian "LTD" and the Falcon XD ("Falcon") used the stylistic decisions of the European car Granada ("Granada"). In the 80's. increasing influence of Steel due to Ford's Japanese Mazda ("Mazda"). Model Laser ("Laser") end of the 90s. was upgraded Mazda 323, and the only fully Australian Ford vehicles were model series Falcon / Fairmont ("Fairmont") / Ramapo ("Feyrleyn").
For Ford-Australia in the 80s. outstanding sports car turned out to Capri, based at the Mazda 323. In the 90's. successful sports sedan was "XR6" forced the company to Tickford ("Tikford") engine on the model Falcon. At the beginning of the XXI century Australian Ford collects quite a large family cars Falcon classic layout. In the summer of 2001 took them to another upgrade.
Ford Capri ("Ford Capri")
The idea for a new compact sports car captured the American Ford in the early 80's he, "why the various European exhibitions demonstrated barketta concept, created by Ghia (" Gia "). Then, as often happens at Ford, the policy has changed, the car refused, but instead appeared convertible based on the Mazda 323.
Financial ties with the Japanese Mazda Ford began installing the 70-ies. and gradually began to use parts of its production and the experience of a small car class. The new Capri, Ford-Australia gathered and sold in the United States as a Mercury Capri ("Mercury Capri"), a fine example.
Mazda 323, which appeared in 1980 along with a new front wheel drive Ford Escort, suffered a major upgrade in 1985, and after 4 years it appeared the third generation. It was the ideal basis for a new sports model Ford.
For new items meant two options for the 16-valve engine with fuel injection: a supercharged, and the second without charge. The engine and transmission components is upgraded nodes from Mazda 323, which came from Japan. Externally, the machine was significantly different from zadneprivod-term Mazda MX-5, which used the same engine.
Body with retractable headlights was created by Ghia of Turin, and the interior decoration of bother "atelier" ItalDesign ("ItalDi-Zain"). Launch of the new Capri was mysteriously delayed until 1989, and although the car was sold in Australia under the name of Ford, in the U.S. it was called Mercury. He is too sporty Capri explains why concern Ford did not sell it in Europe.

In the picture presented to the American Mercury. However, the Australian Capri differs from it only logos. This sports car has a front-engine with two camshafts and Turbocharged

Characteristics (1989)
Engine: P4, two camshafts
Bore and stroke: 78x83, 6 mm
Displacement: 1598 cm3
Maximum power: 105 or 136 hp
Transmission: 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic
Chassis: integral body
Suspension: independent on the helical springs
Brakes: disc
Body: Cabriolet 2 2
Maximum speed: 201 km / h (turbo)

FRANKLIN AUTOMOBILE

2012-03-16T11:53:00.002-07:00

FRANKLIN AUTOMOBILE

If the company does not Franklin has built its cars with only air-cooled engines, insisting that it is the only technically justifiable direction, it would have long since forgotten. Surprisingly not what the company produced cars with air-cooled engines, and that the engines were so big and the company has existed for so long. From 1902 to 1934, she released more than 150 thousand cars.

Cars Franklin suffered from the appearance in the 1932 model Ford V8 and the severe consequences of the economic crisis. Still, the big air-cooled motors attached machines appeal. In the picture presented convertible 1931 Franklin Airman

It seems that the first model specifically opposed to other cars: wooden, not steel frame, fully elliptic leaf springs, and this is when the whole world has rejected them. First, the company offers various types of cars with air-cooled engines, but the 20-th years. all produced in Syracuse, NY, cars have six-cylinder engine with a huge fan for cooling.

The pilots were located in the aircraft for air-cooled engine, is often inclined to purchase cars Franklin, which explains the appearance in the 1927 model Airman ("Pilot"). Buyer of its very first version was Charles Lindbergh (Charles Lindberg).

Peak sales came to Franklin in 1929 (about 14 thousand units) - a year before the Great Depression. In 30-ies. presented two models: one with a new six-cylinder supercharged engine, the second with a V12 engine and the same supercharged. The economic crisis, high prices for cars obsolete design led to a sharp reduction in sales. In 1934 the company ceased production of Franklin.

Franklin Six ("Franklin Six"), 1929-1934

Despite the Great Depression, Franklin introduced a new series of cars, "140" with a traditional chassis and new engine.

Franklin Six air-cooled engine was supercharged and a large fan, elastically fixed to the front end of the crankshaft, a new grille with a thermostat controlled blinds. Cooling air is blown into the space between the cylinders and passed across the engine, rather than along it - hence sticking to it the name "motor side-blowing."

For selling cars with great difficulty, offering a wide range of bodies which had, however, the same front part. In 30-ies. machines have become easier, the prices are down, but even with the advent in 1933, a series of Olympic ("Olympic") business has not improved. For 5 years of production collected 12,090 specimens Franklin Six models with this engine.

Airman Six Sedan 1932 his row "Six" (4.5 liter, 100 hp), lateral flow of air cooled

Characteristics (1930)

Engine: P6, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 88,9 x120, 65 mm

Displacement: 4494 cm3

Maximum power: 95 hp

Transmission: 3-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on the leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: steel 4-5-bed types

Maximum speed: 129 km / h (turbo)

Options for Franklin Six Franklin Airman

Airman power six-cylinder engine for the Franklin Six was enlarged in 1931 to 100 hp Structurally similar models Airman appeared in 1932

Franklin Olympic

In 1933-34. Franklin also produces a model of Olympic, the fruit of collaboration with Reo ("Rio"): Chassis Flying Cloud ("Flying Cloud") and the motor Franklin.

FRAZER NASH

2012-03-16T11:51:00.004-07:00

FRAZER NASH

The birth of the company Frazer-Nash was a year after the closure of a small company GN (Gee-Ann). Its chief engineer Archie Frazer-Nash (Archie Frazer-Nash) has teamed up with picket F. (F. Picket) and started manufacturing light vehicles from units remaining from the GN. Cars sold under the name of Frazer Nash. Or more correctly Frazer-Nash? With a hyphen or not? These questions concern of historians for many years, especially since the company that used it, it does not. We chose Frazer Nash, because this company has applied in writing of the 50s.

All pre-war Frazer Nash car company had a simple but effective chain transmission
Throughout its history it has remained a small, producing hand-made sports cars. The machines were expensive, their characteristics are asking customers and design solutions in many respects different from the widely accepted at that time.
All pre-war designs connoisseurs affectionately called Chain Gang ("Chain Gang"). They differed chain transmissions with shifting special sockets. Production of these vehicles began in Kingstonapon-Thames in 1924 In 1926 the plant moved to Ayzluort, where he remained under the name of AFN Ltd. In 30-ies. production accounted for the largest portion of the TT sports model Replica ("Voice") with a 1.5-liter Meadows ("Meadows").

The post-war models, like this Le Mans Replica ("Le Mans Replica"), based on his BMW had design
Archie Frazer-Nash as a technically competent person, was improvident businessman, sold the company in 1928, Richard Plunkett-Greene (Richard Plunkett-Greene). Soon the leadership stood GJ Aldington (H.J. Aldington). He went on to release Chain Gang, and brings into the country cars BMW (BMW).
After the war A.F.N. established contact with the company Bristol Aeroplane ("Bristol Eyropleyn") and the well-known designer of BMW engines, Dr. Fiedler (Fiedler). Therefore, all post-war Frazer Nash cars supplied engines Bristol prewar design BMW. Technically, they became more modern, but the cost is extremely expensive and therefore sold out very slowly.

Cars frazer Nash 20-30s. had different engines. This Vitesse ("Vitesse") in 1930 received a four-cylinder overhead valve engine Meadows ("Meadows"), a working volume of 1496 cm3
In the mid-50s. A.F.N. began to represent the interests of the company in the UK Porsche ("Porsche"). In 1960 Frazer Nash car assembly halt. The project is the production of the BMW engine V8, which was called the Continental ("Continental"), producing a single prototype was completed.
Frazer Nash TT Replica ("Frazer Nash TT Replica")
The origin of the GN cars can clearly be seen in every car on the Chain Gang Frazer Nash, including a typical TT Replica. They had a simple frame with straight spars, very hard cantilever leaf springs and easy steering.
Propeller shaft connected to the rear axle, engine, main transmission which consisted of a set of chains with toothed clutches of different sizes. It was so simple, that the critics often do not believe in its effectiveness. In addition, all its elements have been discovered, and often require cleaning and lubrication. Frequent breakdowns compensated easy repair. Since the scheme did not include a transmission differential and rear axle was the continuous narrow gauge and provided excellent traction.

In pre-war independent producers who were unable to produce engines of their own design, used the popular 4-cylinder engine Meadows (1496 cm3, 55-65 HP). SU carburetors with two of his mostly installed on the TT Replica
Over the years the design of cars practically unchanged, and differences, but name, were the establishment of machinery in different engines and bodies. The first 17 cars have engines Plus Power ("Power Plus"), and 215 - Engines Anzani ("Antsani"). In 1933 27 cars assembled with motors Blackburne ("Blackburn"), and in 1934, 27 pieces - from Frazer Nash Cough ("Frazer Nash Kof").
Most models of the company named in memory of former sporting achievements, for example, Shelsley ("Shelsli"), Boulogne ("Boulogne"), Colmore ("Kolmor"), Ulster ("Ulster") and TT Replica. The latter was the largest of all: 6 years were manufactured 85 cars. But the most beloved, the company turned out to be the engine of production Anzani. Only a few models used motor Blackburne, who is a racing version with a supercharged 150 hp could develop At TT Replica is usually installed motor Meadows ("Meadows"), a working volume of 1496 cm3.

TT Replica appeared in 1932 instead Meadows he could get a 6-cylinder engine with two camshafts Blackburn

Characteristics (1932)
Engine: P 4, the upper cam
Bore and Stroke: 69x100 mm
Displacement: 1496 cm3
Maximum power: 62 hp
Transmission: 4-speed chain
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on the cantilever springs
Brakes: drum
Body: 2-seater sports
Maximum speed: 140 km / h
Trazer Nash Le Mans Replica ("Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica")
The post-war plans of the company Frazer Nash were associated with Dr. Fiedler from BMW and its new engine, "328." Improved engines and body became the basis of the first postwar models (with 6-cylinder Bristol).
The original scheme of interaction between companies and the Bristol Aeroplane Frazer Nash provided the use of common designs. The first of these supplies engines and transmissions (under license from BMW), a second hand cars assembled in Aysluorte.

Le Mans Replica with a 2-liter engine design Bristol BMW in the garage track at Goodwood (Goodwood) 1952
All the post-war Frazer Nash models were simple and strong frame made of steel pipes of large diameter. Versions of the year differed only varying degrees of engines and forcing a change of names. The most remembered for was the Le Mans Replica.
Most post-war Frazer Nash cars was a narrow cigar-shaped two-seater body with a motorcycle-type front wings. First, the machine was called High Speed ("High Speed"), but after winning the first post-war 24-hour race at Le Mans they immediately renamed Le Mans Replica. Of the 83 vehicles with engines from Bristol, issued in 1948-56 years., About 60 bodies had options Le Mans Replica. Its carefully designed chassis provides excellent handling. Engines, in spite of the long stroke pistons, easily gained momentum, and the quality of manufacturing machinery have been beyond criticism.

Frazer Nash offered several options for sports and road cars based on the Le Mans Replica. In this photo provided Mille Miglia e racing version

Characteristics (Le Mans Replica, 1932)

Engine: P6, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 66x96 mm

Displacement: 1971 cm3

Maximum power: 110-125 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: front independent on the transverse springs, rear torsion dependent

Brakes: drum

Body: 2-seater sports

Maximum speed: 177 km / h

Options Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica

The first name of the car with a body of Le Mans Replica - Speed and Competition ("Kompitishn").

Option Mk II

Le Mans Replica rear suspension was de Dion. In 1948-56 years. on the same post-war chassis to set different engine variants Bristol and body. In particular, the company produced cars with bodies of normal width: sports-ground Fast Tourer ("Fast tourer"), Mille Miglia ("Mille Miglia") for racing and ordinary road. It also brought together three copies of a sports-racing Sebring ("Sebring"). The most recent example of Frazer Nash Continental coupe was the prototype of the frame and suspension on the model of Sebring, V-shaped 8-cylinder engine and gearbox from BMW 50s. In 1957 was built by a single instance.

GILBERN

2012-03-12T12:25:00.003-07:00

GILBERN

Friese Bernhard (Bernhard Friese) was born in Germany in his youth he studied mechanics. After working at the firm, which produced cars with fiberglass bodies, he decided to open their own business and deliver a special body for Giles Smith (Giles Smith), car enthusiast and owner of a butcher's shop in Wales.

Later, they joined forces and began to produce sports cars. In the history of their company came because was the only one in the history of Wales, which itself is fully developed and manufactures its cars. The name of the company consisted of the first letters of the names of its founders - Giles and Bernhard.

Gilbern GT left a mark in history as the first car was completely created and produced in Wales

The first model is called the "GT". Its nondescript box was mounted on a tubular frame. Like many cars of that time, it was offered with different engines and as an assembly kit. Demand for the car caused the firm to learn a more expensive model Genie ("Jeanie") with the V6 engine from Ford, as proposed in the form of an assembly kit. In 1969 it was renamed Invader ("Inveyder").

With the accession of Britain to the EEC in 1973 instead of the sales tax was introduced Value Added Tax, which is extended to vehicles in the form of assembly kits. Products rose sharply Gilbern, production finally ended in 1974

Gilbern GT ("Dzhaylbern GT") 1960-1967

This is the first car company. He had a complex frame of square tubes, and glass-plastic body with a capacity of 2 +2 coupe.

Front axle, rear axle and steering borrowed from contemporary models of MG (GM-GM) or Austin-Healey ("Austin-Healey"). The choice immediately engines have been proposed by the Navy (Bi-MCG), a working volume of 948 cm3 and 1489 and the Coventry Climax ("Coventry Klaymeks"), a working volume of 1098 cm3. The first of these could be supercharged.

All this confused customers and impeded the work of the company. Therefore, in 1962 the available engines are replaced by a 1.8-liter engine MGA (GM-GM-Yo) 95 hp, and later - MGB (Em-Gee-Bee). Sales have increased. Basically, "GT" attracted by the fact that it offered as a kit almost assembled units. Customers thus saved at a fairly high taxes on cars assembled. The car was no faster and no perfect models of MG and Triumph ("Triumph").The company released a year a maximum of 150 cars "GT", a whole attracted 600 cars. With the advent of the production of Genie "GT" gradually ceased as the location for its manufacturing plant in Lentuite, Wales, was not enough.

With the 1962 model year Gilbern GT base engine is a 4-cylinder 1.8-liter engine Navy, who provided the car a top speed of 145 km / h

Characteristics (with the engine MGA, 1960)

Engine: P4, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 75,4 x88, 9 mm

Displacement: 1588 cm3

Maximum power: 80 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear axle

Brakes: disc / drum

Body: 4-seater coupe

Maximum speed: 151 km / h

Gilbern Genie ("Dzhaylbern Jeanie")

The second model is a company called Genie eventually modernized by installing V6 engine and gearbox Department of English Ford, and was renamed the Invader. In general, repeated machine model "GT", but the details differed substantially from it. On the frame, welded from a variety of pipes, installed a more spacious glass-fiber bodywork and sold either in a fully finished form or as an assembly kit.

This Invader in 1970 as an assembly kit. Provide high-speed car Ford V6 engine

Front suspension and rear axle the company bought the firm MG. However, the car has been criticized for poor driving stability and the lack of improvement. During the following years at the behest of customers improved design. In 1969 came an improved version of the Invader. At its base the company has created a machine with a station wagon to compete with Reliant Scimitar GTE ("Rilayent Scimitar").

Commercial Invader competed with the Reliant Scimitar GTE

With the introduction in 1973, value added tax on the sale of all cars Gilbern things have deteriorated sharply, and production of new items is completed. There were produced about 280 cars and 600 copies of the Genie Invader.

The style of Invader recalls Alfa Romeo GTV ("Alfa Romeo GTV") from the "studio" Bertone ("Burton")

Characteristics (Invader III, 1972)

Engine: V6, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 93,7 x72, 4 mm

Displacement: 2994 cm3

Maximum Power: 141 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear axle

Brakes: disc / drum

Body: 4-seater coupe or sedan

Maximum speed: 185 km / h

Options Gilbern Genie Gilbern Invader

Invader - Genie is upgraded with the same structural and stylistic decisions. Invader I with a number of external changes and upgraded suspension appeared in 1969, Invader II released in 1971 Invader III (1972-73 gg.) Had the front suspension and rear axle of the Ford Cortina ("Ford Cortina"). Invader also offered a station wagon.

GINETTA

2012-03-12T12:20:00.000-07:00

GINETTA

The company was founded in 1957 by four brothers Uoklett (Walklett). It was situated in Woodbridge, Suffolk. The early years produced agricultural and construction machinery. Since all the brothers addicted to motorsports, their first car was a special Ginetta Gl on the basis of aggregate pre-war Wolseley Hornet ("Uolsli Hornet").

Few of the manufacturers of cars and assembly kits 50-60s. survived until the beginning of the XXI century. Among them, the company Ginetta. It must be admitted that its the best car appeared in the 90s

The origin of the name of Ginetta remained a mystery. None of the family Uoklett it never explained. It is assumed that this was the name of the girl. The first model of his own design, designed and drawn by Trevor Ivor Uoklettami, was an open two-seater sports car "G2" (1958-60 gg.), Followed by 10 years was followed by several attractive and technically advanced machines.

The first model was a Ginetta "G2" - an open two-seater sports car, reminiscent of early Lotus cars

In those years, a car designed for circuit racing, is offered as an assembly kit. By the standards of the company's first production model of Ginetta was a "G4" 1961 It was so popular that its release is a modernized version of the resume in the 80s.

Moving to the company in 1962 Uithem, Essex, was marked by the release of first single-seat racing car "G8" with the engine within the database. Not long continued production of road vehicles "G10" with front-wheel drive, which was used for a number of body panels and glass from the MGB. British fans have recognized the company as a serious manufacturer's only appearance in the 1968 traffic model "G15" with the engine Sunbeam Stiletto ("Sunbeam Stiletto").

"G10" - a road racing car with a Ford V8 engine

Successor to the "G15" was a car "G21 Coupe" with a front engine, which is due to the lower prices enjoyed a better demand. By this time the company has expanded so much that has acquired new premises in Sudbury, Suffolk. Two years later, they had to sell and return to Uithem.

Entering the UK value added tax has led to the fact that "G15" and "G21" were uncompetitive. After completion of the 1978 production of "G21" company focused on the manufacture of sports cars, while collecting small amounts of road machines. In 1984 came a 4-door hatchback "G26" Class Ford Capri ("Ford Capri"). Replacing the "G15" - a model "G32" with the engine within the database - was shown in 1986, and went on sale only in 1990

Model of "G4", debuted in 1961, again revived in the 80s.

At the end of 1989 the company acquired an entrepreneur Martin Faff (Martin Phaff). Even before the release of "G32", she moved to a new plant in Skanthorpe. In 1990 in Birmingham showed a two-seat model "G33" classic layout with the engine Rover V8 ("Rover"), a working volume of 3.95 liters. In the 1994 model of "G4" and racing "G12" with the engine within the database produced Dare UK ("Der Yu.Key."), While she continued to collect a Ginetta at its plant in Sheffield model "G27". The new car introduced in 1999

Ginetta G4 ("Jeanette G4") 1961-1966

The first truly successful for the company Ginetta was the fourth of its "serial" model. Designed Uoklettom Ivor, "G4" first appeared on race cars Motor Show 1961 The tubular space frame on this model provided openings for the side doors and a very effective front suspension on triangular lever and screw springs were directly borrowed from the model of Triumph Herald ("The Triumph Herald "). Rear axle - from the Ford Anglia ("Ford England"). With a conventional overhead valve engine on the model Anglia 105E, which in the working volume of 997 cm3 and sucker-rod actuator valves had a great deal of speeding up, the car was worth only 499 GBP Another 16 GBP had to pay for the engine from the Ford Classic (1350 cm3).

Formed in the early 60s., "G4" was swift sports model with an engine from the Ford

Because of the low curb weight and low center of gravity "G4" was a very good club racing machine. When you install disc brakes all the car is very well served in the race. Kris Meeke (Chris Meek) is often faster than the machines of class "GT" as the Jaguar E ("Jaguar") and the AC Cobra ("Hey-Sea Cobra"). The racing version of the "G4" was a 1.6-liter engine and independent rear suspension, and its later modification was the usual road car version.

In club races "G4" is often ahead of more powerful machines, as shown in the picture (1963)

Model of "G4" was almost forgotten, when the company switched to manufacturing Ginetta road cars "G15" and "G21". But in the early 80s. at the plant in Uitheme, Essex, decided it was time to resurrect a slightly updated "G4". Unfortunately, this step has not justified itself. However, the emergence in the early 90s. looks like a model "G33" proved that the success had to do was to increase the engine power.

Low own weight "G4" provide fiberglass-kovy body and space frame

Characteristics (1965)

Engine: P4, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 81x73 mm

Displacement: 1498 cm3

Maximum power: 90 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: tubular frame with steel

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear axle

Brakes: disc / drum

Body: 2-seater sports fiberglass

Maximum speed: 193 km / h

Ginetta G15 ("DzhinettaSde") 1968-1974

After a series of attractive models Ginetta racing began producing a small sports car, "G15" with a 2-seater coupé. For him, the entire site using "engine, gearbox, rear suspension" of the machine Hillman Imp ("Hillman Imp").

On the coupe "G15" used engine and suspension arrangement of the rear of the car Hillman Imp

The model had a tubular frame in the rear which houses the power unit Sunbeam Stiletto / Imp Sport. The engine made of aluminum alloy (875 cm3) was the development of the engine Coventry Climax ("Coventry Klaymeks"). To reduce the height of the power unit engine was tilted by 45 °. Front suspension - from the Triumph Spitfire ("Triumph Spitfire"). Body Trevor Uokletta made of fiberglass.

Most of the "G15" were the engine of the Imp Sport (875 cm3, 55 hp) with two carburetors Stromberg ("Stromberg")

This is a small car sold either fully assembled or in kit form an assembly. With its own weight of 500 kg car is characterized by rapid and confident character. In 1972 the assembly "G15" was transferred to a new plant in Sudbury, which produced up to 6 cars per week. In the same year Britain joined the EEC, and introduced a value added tax for all vehicles and their components, making it unprofitable sale of assembly kits "G15".

Demand for the car in 1973 has fallen sharply, and in 1974 the company collected the last copies of "G15". A total of 6 years has produced more than 800 of these cars.

Model "G15" was popular. There were produced more than 800 cars

Characteristics (1968)

Engine: P 4, the upper cam

Bore and stroke: 68x60, 4 mm

Displacement: 875 cm3

Maximum power: 55 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: independent on the helical springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 2-seater coupe fiberglass

Maximum speed: 151 km / h

Ginetta G21 ("Jeanette G21") 1973-1978

Following the successful rear-"G15" the company introduced an entirely new sports car "G21". It proved to be more "G15", had a front-engine and 4-seater (2 +2) body. Its prototype was presented at the London Motor Show 1970 model was advertised with a 1,6 - or 3-liter Ford, independent rear suspension for one variant and dependent - for another.

By the time of putting into production in 1973 for her proposed 1.7-liter engines the English department Chrysler ("Chrysler"), bearing the brand Sunbeam ("Sunbeam"), and the leading rear axle. This decision was justified, because even for the "G15" the company used a significant amount of engine supplier.

As the custom was abandoned V-shaped 8-cylinder 3-liter Ford, but in the end cars with this unit was sold very little, and soon was abandoned. "G21" supplied the engines Sunbeam Rapier ("Sunbeam Reypier") capacity of 85 or 93 hp

In 1974 production of the "G15" was dropped, so the next 4 years the company focused on production cars "G21". Soon, customers understand that this is a truly robust and simple device for a car with a tubular frame and a compact interior. The model was faster than the "G15". With an engine capacity of 93 hp speeds up to 188 km / h, which greatly contributed to the streamlined body. For 5 years, 150 cars were assembled model "G21".

"G21" was one of the most attractive model of Ginetta, which, like all others, have helped our brothers Uoklett. It installed four-cylinder engine or a Ford V8 Sunbeam

Characteristics (1973)

Engine: P4, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 81,5 x82, 55 mm

Displacement: 1725 cm3

Maximum power: 85 or 93 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear axle

Brakes: disc / drum

Body: Coupe 2 +2 fiberglass

Maximum speed: 188 km / h

Ginetta G32 ("Jeanette G32") 1989-1992

Sports Car "G32" - the spiritual successor to the "G15", retaining its overall layout and character. The model of the prototype shown at the British Motor Show 1986 in the sale of cars arrived only in early 1990

Ginetta G32 was the first production car with an engine company within a database. His show at the British Motor Show in 1986 and began production in 4 years

The index of "G32" said the 32-m project Uoklett family since the founding of the company. The machine design was similar to a car Toyota MR2 ("Toyota MR2") with the engine within the database (1984), which, in turn, created under the influence of FIAT X1 / 9 (Fiat X1 / 9) 70th. "G32" was the first production car company with a transverse engine Ginetta, although such a structure previously used in the coupe "G25", shown at a trade show in 1983 and in production were not included.

EnglishArmenianRussian

The presence of a "032" has created a separate frame with a cabriolet version of the

As before, the company was looking for a suitable Ginetta carefully engine for a new car and, like FIAT, chose the upgraded version for front-wheel drive car. "G32" was Ford CVH engine and 5-speed gearbox, which are installed on the Ford Escort XR3i ("Ford Escort XR3i") and the Fiesta XR2i ("Fiesta XR2i"). Many elements of the suspension and steering are also "found" at Ford.

This car has turned a small (length 3.76 m) and dynamic. With its own weight 880 kg heavier than he was a "G15", is better equipped. Salon has become much more spacious. The maximum speed reached 177 km / h

Since the engine was behind the driver and passenger seats, hood "G32" was low and was equipped with retractable headlights

Characteristics (1989)

Engine: P 4, the upper cam

Bore and stroke: 80x79, 5 mm

Displacement: 1598 cm3

Maximum Power: 110 hp

Transmission: 5-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: independent on the helical springs

Brakes: disc

Body: 2-seater coupe fiberglass

Maximum speed: 180 km / h

Ginetta G33 ("Jeanette G33") 1991-1997

The new owner, Martin Faff (Martin Phaff) moved production to Skanthorp. There have been recent instances of the model contains "G32". After that, it was decided to start producing sports two-seater "G33". It was first shown at the British Motor Show in 1990, then in a few months doing enough, and allowed for sale in 1991

The instrument panel "G33" included a tachometer with the scale at 8000 rev / min and a combined index of the oil temperature and coolant

The company was designed to provide customers with the most powerful in its history, a sports car. True lovers of these cars were supposed to evaluate the aluminum engine Rover V8, which allowed a maximum speed of 250 km / h, low and lightweight two-seater body. Only the export version of the engine was designed from the Ford Sierra RS Cosworth dimensions 90,8 x77 mm (2 liters, 220 hp).

Comfort, elegance and a spacious interior of the car - all on the back burner in front of impressive features, smoking tires during acceleration and driving pleasure. As always, Ivor Uoklett used a tubular frame, and Mark Uoklett (son Trevor) has created a low, wide and open two-seater body.

"G33" was boosted 4-liter version of the old engine Rover V8 (3,5 l). He developed a power of 200 hp and provided a vehicle speed of 241 km / h

Windshield small size was very tilted back, side windows, or fixed in the closed position, or shot, but did not fall, and two stood out for the interior "hump" that enhance safety. Machine equipped with limited slip differential and tire size 195/50ZR15. The initial price "G33" was GBP 18 187 (1991). The model enjoyed good demand. Often it was bought as a second or even third car in the family.

Smooth rounded contours of the "633" by Mark Uoklet-one son Trevor Uokletta, vaguely reminiscent of a model "04"

Characteristics (1991)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 94x71 mm

Displacement: 3946 cm3

Maximum Power: 200 hp

Transmission: 5-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: independent on the helical springs

Brakes: disc

Body: 2-seater roadster open

Maximum speed: 241 km / h

GLAS

2012-03-12T12:13:00.001-07:00

GLAS

Hans Glass Company of Dingolfing, Bavaria, began with the production of agricultural machinery. Its first vehicle was a 1951 scooter Goggo ("Goggo"), and in 1955 came a 4-wheel Goggomobil ("Goggomobil") with an engine cylinder capacity of 250 cm '. Only in 1962 the company produced the first family car "1004" with a 1-liter engine.
For a relatively small company Glas had big ambitions, but has made a serious mistake by allowing its lineup grow and become too complicated. Besides, she could hardly refuse from the old models.

"2600 V8" was the most ambitious project of a small company Glas, who brought her to collapse. Attractive bodywork of the car has created an Italian bodybuilder "atelier" Frua. Mounted V-shaped 8-cylinder engine, consisting of two four-cylinder units with overhead camshafts and common sump. For three years produced only 71 copy of this model
In the 60's. Glas company is considered a major manufacturer of passenger cars. For the model of "1004" Italian bodybuilder "atelier" Frua ("Frua") has developed a body (sedan, coupe and sedan). On the motor car for the first time (before the PAT group) were used for the toothed belt camshaft drive the top. In the next stage engine capacity increased to 1.2, and then - up to 1.3 liters. Along with the forced motor company introduced the new coupe and convertible body from Frua model "1300GT".
A new model followed another. In 1963 was introduced 1.5-liter sedan with a body of firm Ghia ("Gia"). Production of this car is with the index "1700" began the following year with a 1.7-liter base engine option.
It is not given the complexity of the production program, Voice began in 1965, the assembly of its flagship - the model "2600 V8". This elegant 2 +2 coupe with a capacity with the body of the Frua got a new platform and had to enter into the sector of the market occupied by such authorities as BMW (BMW), Mercedes-Benz ("Mercedes Benz"), Porsche ("Porsche").
Despite the attractive appearance and technical excellence, innovation hardly found its place in the market. In addition, the Glass family-owned company began experiencing financial difficulties, because there was only a profitable company is the only model - Goggomobil.
After a lively talks with BMW acquired the company last Glas for 91 million marks. Within one year of its older models were phased out, and the successful "1300GT", "1700GT" and "2600 V8" be finalized and presented under the brand BMW. In 1969 all production Glas has been closed. Three years later the plant in Dingolfing rebuilt, expanded and it began to produce the BMW 5 Series.
Glas 2600 V8 ("Glas 2600 V8")
Elegant Glas 2600 V8 became a sensation at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1965 with a new platform with a de Dion rear suspension received a body from the machine and looked like a model Frua Maserati ("Maserati"), which also had a hand Frua. Because the German press and called novelty "Glazerati."
Engine V8 (2,6 l) with an angle of 90 °, the collapse of the unit consisted of two 4-cylinder unit from the model of Glas 1300GT with overhead camshafts and common sump. Resulted in each individual cam-reinforced toothed belt. And while the engine was a number of obvious compromise, it worked well and was powerful. Excellent chassis, "2600 V8" provides excellent ride and handling.
For the company would open new prospects, do not tempt while the voice of financial problems, partly because of the cost of this car. Prior to control the BMW brand Glas managed to produce only 71 cars, "2600 V8".
The BMW has upgraded the model established a more powerful engine, more rear panel emblem on the hood and hubcaps on the wheels, and then presented the car as their own product. BMW-Glas 3000 has dimensions of 78x78 mm in the engine (2982 cm3, 160 hp) and developed a speed of 200 km / h Demand for it was much higher - collected 400 cars. But while maintaining the production model BMW 2800CS Coupe, the car of the future Hans Glass was not, and it was finally removed from production in the summer of 1968

Car Glas 2600 V8 was quite elegant and fast. He has a top speed of 201 km / h The model was designed to compete with new cars Mercedes, BMW, Porsche, but it lacked the high reputation of the past

Characteristics (1965)
Engine: V8, with overhead camshafts
Bore and Stroke: 75x73 mm
Displacement: 2576 cm3
Maximum Power: 140 hp
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Chassis: on the host body
Suspension: front independent on helical springs, de Dion rear leaf springs on the
Brakes: disc
Body: 4-seater coupe
Maximum speed: 201 km / h

GORDON-KEEBLE

2012-03-12T12:11:00.000-07:00

GORDON-KEEBLE

In 50-ies. Managing Director John Gordon (John Gordon) and designer Jim Qiblah (Jim Keeble) were involved in the creation and production sports coupe Peerless ("Peerless"), which later was renamed Warwick ("Warwick"). Their last work was setup on the car engine Chevrolet V8 ("Chevrolet"). Then they seized the idea of creating a new car.
Working together, they planned a full-fledged four-seater coupe with a body of fiberglass. But, unlike the model of Peerless / Warwick, Gordon and Qiblah is not only used an American engine Chevrolet V8, but ordered a body of Italian design company Bertone ("Burton"). It was the first British-Italian-American hybrid of 60s., Who later added Jensen Interceptor ("Jensen Interceptor") and a series of Bristol 407/412 ("Bristol").

Gordon-Keeble produced only one model with a body by Bertone, and the engine Chevrolet V8. Despite such advantages, such as fiberglass bodywork and suspension vy de Dion, buyers were not willing to acquire it for the asking price
Pre-production took four years. By the time the company became known as Gordon-Keeble and financial assistance Uonsboro George (George Wansborough), previously worked at the firm Jowett ("Dzhouitt"), and also acquired a factory in Eastleigh, near Southampton.
From the outset, the main problem of Gordon-Keeble was the need to maintain low prices for their products, otherwise it was impossible to sell cars. But it did not give profit, and when raised the price, sales have fallen.
After the release of more than 100 cars, developed the speed of 217 km / h, the company went bankrupt. Her firm has acquired Harold Smith ("Smith Herold") from London, renamed the model in Gordon-Keeble IT and tried to sell for a higher price, but failed.

Gordon-Keeble
Finally, in 1967 bought the assets of a bankrupt American De Bruno (De Bruyne). His company of Newmarket in the East of England attempted to revive the model under the name De Bruyne. The car even shown at the New York Auto Show. Unfortunately, the efforts did not lead to success. Although Jim Qiblah organized a company to service and repair of cars produced, it was the end of the project. However, due to fiberglass body and maintainability of the chassis, most of these cars still exists.
Gordon-Keeble GKl ("Gordon-Qiblah GKl") 1964-1965
The first prototype of a future production model, Gordon-Keeble GKl Jim Qiblah was created in 1960 core design frame made of square tubes, engine Chevrolet V8 (4 L, 230 hp) and a steel body, designed and manufactured by Italian Bertone. The machine is one of the first front in Europe was with 4 lights. Among the other technical features of note rear suspension de Dion, disc brakes on all wheels and the U.S. transmission Borg-Warner ("Borg Warner").

"GK1" one of the first European car has dual headlights, but unfortunately, their eastern "bracing" spoil the purity of body lines
After the debut has been delayed due to problems with obtaining steel body at a reasonable price. Output has not been found, and the company decided to use fiberglass, which was cheaper. Serial machines were equipped with more powerful engines and more efficient disc brakes. Frames are produced at a factory in Eastleigh, a housing body supplied by Williams & Pritchard ("William and Pritchard") from London.
Reports road tests, car turned flattering. Gordon-Keeble GKl was fast, comfortable, had a beautiful body and sold at very attractive price. While the combination of qualities and "image" allowed him to enter into the group of such machines as the Aston Martin ("Aston Martin"), Bristol ("Bristol") and Jensen ("Jensen").

Except for a few rotary air guides, instrument panel "GK1" produced a very good impression

"GK1" had a steady sale at a price of GBP 2798, but did not bring any profit. After increasing in 1965 cost up to 3626 GBP actually stopped the sale. Then the company bought the firm Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd. and increased the price of the model before 3989, and then - up to 4058 GBP After renaming the two (the last name De Bruyne), the car remained the same as in 1964, Total sold 99 cars Gordon-Keeble GKl.

Big and beautiful coupe "GK1" with great panoramic windshield and long cowl was established car body "studio" Bertone

Characteristics (1964)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 101,6 x82, 55 mm

Displacement: 5355 cm3

Maximum Power: 300 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual or 3-speed automatic

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent and rear dependent de Dion

Brakes: disc

Body: 4-seater coupe fiberglass

Maximum speed: 219 km / h

HISPANO-SUIZA

2012-03-12T12:08:00.001-07:00

HISPANO-SUIZA

The name of this company should cause some problems for linguists, because it points to the Spanish and Swiss roots. Complexity will increase even more if found that the main branch of the firm was in France!
The link between the two countries was an engineer who was born in Switzerland Birkigt Marc (Marc Birkigt), created the very first Spanish car La Cuadra / Castro ("La Cuadra / Castro"). Company SA Hispano-Suiza ("Hispano-Suiza SA"), he founded in Barcelona in 1904, but its prosperity was due to the organization in 1911 for the French branch of the Spanish manufacturing cars under license.

At the origin of the tricky company, never had doubts at the technical level, Hispano-Suiza cars and their prestige
During the First World War and after the Hispano-Suiza aircraft engines produced excellent, and both its branches - the Spanish and French - became known as the manufacturers of many types of engineering products. In Spain, much less developed at that time than in France, before the war, collecting cars of their own design, but in 1919 switched to the French model. In 30-ies. they appeared less sophisticated options. Hispano-Suiza has experienced civil war in Spain and produced cars until 1944, all gathered around six thousand copies of various types.
For connoisseurs of the French passenger car division has always been more attractive. His first model after the First World War was the famous "CBF", ahead of the engineering term to her current Roll-Royce ("Rolls Royce") and for many years which had the same reputation. After that, Hispano-Suiza brand has become known as the French, not Spanish. This view was only intensified with the advent of the Tour Series 68 VI2. There is little doubt that it was the world's best cars, despite the existence of a Rolls-Royce, Bentley ("Bentley") or Cadillac ("Cadillac").
In 1938 a French factory Hispano-Suiza in the Bois-Colombes ceased production of automobiles, focusing on aircraft engines. After that mark in the country is not revived. Results were collected in France about 2600 cars. In 30-ies. Hispano-Suiza acquired the French car manufacturer Ballot ("Ballo"), but soon stopped its production line.
Hispano-Slliza AlfonSO XIII ("Hispano-Suiza Alfonso XIII") 1911-1914
Like many start-ups, Hispano-Suiza to gain credibility with the public involved in motorsport and was supported by the Spanish King Alfonso XIII, who established the prize in 1909 in the race for the Cup vuatyuretok in Cité.
Team Hispano-Suiza was considered the undisputed leader of the race, but hopes to come true is not it possible mechanical failure. Successful team performed at Boulogne, and in 1910 upgraded the machine not only took third place in the Cité, but won at Boulogne.

Inspired by the exploits of sports company Hispano-Suiza Spanish monarch, so the car was named in his honor - Alfonso XIII
In 1911 Birkigt decided to start producing copies of their loved ones for free sale, retaining the same chassis and aggregates, but using a 3.6-liter engine instead of the 2.6-liter. He called his new sports car racing fan in honor of Spanish King Alfonso XIII. The compact two-seater model has become the world's first sports car series. At that time she had a good design and has a top speed of 130 km / h Later, there were less than its sports, but just as successful alternatives.
The machine features easy to operate and very high-torque long-nohodnym engine that enabled without difficulty to move on winding roads. Wheelbase was short - 2.64 m for the two-seat version and 2.69 m for the four-seater, and low weight allowed to challenge the more serious and powerful machines of the time.

The 3.6-liter engine has allowed Alfonso XIII to become a high-speed car

Characteristics (1911)
Engine: P4 nizhneklapanny
Bore and Stroke: 80x180 mm
Displacement: 3620 cm3
Maximum power: 64 hp
Transmission: 3 - or 4-speed manual
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on the leaf springs
Brakes: drum on the rear axle and transmission
Body: 2 - or 4-seater aluminum timber-framed
Maximum speed: 129 km / h
Hispano-Suiza H6B ("Isshsho N6V-Suiza")
The first model is established in France, Hispano-Suiza was named "N6V", presented in 1919 at the Paris Motor Show. It immediately set new benchmarks in the design of cars. And the engine and chassis "N6V" had a number of innovative solutions.
Thus, the brake system has a mechanical amplifier is so efficient that the company Rolls-Royce acquired the license for its manufacture and applied a similar device for 40 years. For those familiar with the aircraft engines Hispano-Suiza, the engine "N6V" There is nothing surprising, but for the automotive industry have become a novelty aluminum cylinder block, removable liner, the upper cam and removable cylinder head.
This model speeds up to 137 km / h, was out of the competition to catch up technologically and made such famous companies as Rolls-Royce and Cadillac. Not surprisingly, Birkigt many years a policy of "one chassis." In 1924, for "N6V" followed a similar model N6S Boulogne ("Boulogne") and its variant Type 56bis ("Type 56bis"), manufactured in the 30s. the Spanish company's plant. They were collected before the new model "VI2". Sales of the previous versions also continued in the 30s. There were produced about 2.2 thousand "N6V" and 264 - "N6S." Interestingly, the "CBF" in the 1924-27 years. produced under license by the Czechoslovak firm Skoda ("Skoda").

The brilliant "N6S" in 1924 with the body of an amazing tulip tree, with an 8-liter engine. Andre Dubonnet (Andre Dubonnet) acted on it only in one race

Characteristics (1919)

Engine: P6, the upper cam

Bore and stroke: 100x140 mm

Displacement: 6597 cm3

Maximum Power: 135 hp

Transmission: 3-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: aluminum and steel on a wooden frame

Maximum speed: 137 km / h

Variants of Hispano-Suiza H6B Hispano-Suiza H6C Boulogne

Sports version of the "N6S", which became the development of machines to win races at Boulogne in 1921-23. The dimension of their engines was 110x140 mm (7983 cm3).

Hispano-Suiza Type 56bis

This version released on the company's plant in Barcelona (Spain).

Hispano-Suiza Type 68 V12 ("Hispano-Suiza Type 68 V12") 1931-1938

Mark Birkigt planned to replace "N6V" more worthy model for Type 68, which was created for the great engine of V12. But the expected success of the machine is not achieved, and the parallel production of "N6V" persisted until the end. Again, when creating a new engine was the experience of the aviation industry. Nevertheless, the company refused to place valve train at the top of the engine, using the usual (and quieter), the overhead circuit. In fact, the motor for the Type 68 V12 was the development of a similar aircraft engine, created by Mark Birkigtom during World War II.

Luxury Touring Tour 68 V12 with 9.4-liter engine produced by hand only for very wealthy clients

The new car was introduced in 1931, when the economic crisis in Europe is even more intensified. Produced it by hand for very rich people. Gorgeous car cost fabulous sums. Its wheelbase (4 m) was greater than the overall length of the car Ford Escort ("Ford Escort") 80s. Except for the Bugatti 41 Royale ("Bugatti Royale 41"), it was the most expensive French production car and probably the fastest sedan / limousine service in the world. He was in all respects may be compared with the Cadillac V16 same time.

Of course, the car sold in very limited quantities. It did not help and the introduction of 11.3-liter engine (250 hp), which was used at that time and the French railway rolling stock. In 1931-38 years. was produced only 76 cars "68 V12". This explains the rapid abandonment of their production with a sharp increase in demand for aircraft engines of the company in connection with the enhanced development of the French Air Force.

Since "68 V12" appeared in the middle of the recession, sales of it were very small. Most of the engines had a working volume of 9424 cm3 (190 hp), part of the machine was 11.3-liter engine (250 hp). In the photo - convertible Tour 68 V

Characteristics (1931)

Engine: VI2, the overhead

Bore and stroke: 100x100 mm

Displacement: 9424 cm3

Maximum power: 190 or 250 hp

Transmission: 3-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 2 -, 4 - or 6-place for various types of

Maximum speed: 161 km / h

HOLDEN

2012-03-12T12:05:00.000-07:00

HOLDEN

The company that started in 1885 as Holden and Frost ("Holden and Frost") in Adelaide, produced a body for horse-drawn carriages. His first car she collected in 1914 on the chassis Lancia ("Lancia"). In 1920 was created by the union of Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd. ("Hole-dance Motor Bodi Builders"), in which the founder of the company was engaged in leather upholstery. Meanwhile, the Australian branch of the group General Motors ("GM") has grown based firm in 1918, Motor Exports ("Motor Exports") and in 1926 acquired the Holden. The main occupation of the latter was the bodywork for cars Chevrolet ("Chevy") and Buick ("Buick"), as well as in small quantities for Hudson ("Hudson"), Essex ("Essex"), Chrysler ("Chrysler"), De Soto ("De Soto"), Plymouth ("Plymouth"), Willys ("Willis"), Graham ("Graham"), Reo "(Rio") and Studebaker ("Studebaker"). One of the most attractive car was 2-door fastback Sloper ("Slouper") on the chassis of the American Buick, Chevrolet, Oldsmobile ("Oldsmobil"), Pontiac ("Pontiac") and the European Clyno ("Cline"), FIAT (FIAT) Morris ("Morris"), Singer ("Singer") and Vauxhall ("Vauxhall"). These cars are virtually sold in Europe and the USA. In addition, the company's new plant, which was put into operation in Melbourne in 1936, produced a body for the British and American trucks, and during the Second World War, Holden made and army vehicles - from the commander and sanitation to the tanker trucks and artillery.

The car Holden General ("GE") in 1961 is almost completely copied his model modern Vauxhall and Opel. It was a time when cars were the best selling company in Australia
After the war, began production of cars on the chassis of Chevrolet and Vauxhall. Holden Executive Director of the Sir Laurence Hartnett (Lawrence Hartnett) proposed the concept of a fully Australian small car, in the size class, occupying an intermediate position between the British and American models. His plan is supported by leaders of General Motors in Detroit, the Australian government and the banks. The prototype appeared in 1946, and the first production car Holden off the production line in November 1948 He was a 4-door sedan "48/215" with a monocoque body and 6-cylinder overhead valve engine cylinder capacity of 2.2 liters. The last body of the chassis for the U.S. company launched in 1948, and the chassis Vauxhall - in the 1952 release of bodies for trucks Bedford ("Bedford") continued until the late 50s. In January 1951 came the first passenger "48/215", and by May 1953 were sold the first 100 thousand cars.
In 1956 he began production of the "FE" - six-seater sedan with the same engine and gearbox. In 1960, with an increase in engine capacity to 2.3 liters, and power - up to 75 hp model has received index "FB". The first time Holden has outstripped the sales of all vehicle manufacturers in Australia in 1950 and has since led to the 1982 when the first came out Ford. In October 1962 the production line of the main plant Bend ("Wend") came into Fishermene millionth car, a two millionth Holden was made in March, 1969 Body is still collected at the first plant Woodwille ("Woodville"). Other assembly plants located in Peydzhvude, ea. New South Wales, Brisbane, Perth and Birkenhede, South Australia. In 1963 it added a new body plant in Elizabeth, South Australia. In 1964 he opened another plant in Akaki Ridge, Queensland.

Trucks and cargo vehicles are popular in Australia. Holden produces this pickup Maloo ("Maul") with a 1998 engine with a large working volume. His department has created a special-purpose vehicles, as well as the VT Commodore GTS (in the photo - a pickup truck), which develops the speed 243 km / h
The range expanded in 1967 by a small Torana HB ("Tor-na"), changes in the external Vauxall Viva ("Viva"), and in 1968 car-the flagship Holden HK engine Chevrolet V8. In 1969, Holden began to produce their own engines V8 (4,1 and 5,0 l). Mopago Coupe ("Monaro") has received full Australian V8 engine and 5.3-liter Chevrolet 327, later - Chevrolet 454 (7.4 L), which helped to win the race Ford Falcon 289. In 1968-76 years. produced about 41 thousand Mopago. Torana LH series was collected in 1974-79 years. with 4 -, b-and 8-cylinder engines (from 1.9-liter Opel to 5-liter V8). Model Gemini ("Gemini"), replacing the Torana, a Japanese version of the Vauxhall Chevette ("Shevett"). Another neavstraliyskim Holden became in 1979 the car Commodore ("Commodore") with engine capacity of 1,9-4,1 m. He became the best selling on the Green continent until it was overtaken by Ford Falcon ("Falcon").
The globalization of General Motors has led the company exported in 70-ies. in the UK for the wagon body panels Camira ("Camiri"), and in the 80s. - For versatile Vauxhall Cavalier ("Cavalier"). Motors Holden established a number of models of cars Vauxhall and Opel ("Opel") for the Swedish market, as the requirements for toxicity in Sweden and Australia were the same. In addition, there were several joint ventures with Japanese Nissan ("Nissan") and Isuzu ("Isuzu"). Holden led a range of late 80-ies. model Commodore with a 3-liter Isuzu or 5-liter V8 from General Motors. Department of Holden Special Vehicles ("Holden Speshiel Viiklz") in partnership with the British firm TRW makes machines for the so-called superturinga: 5-liter Manta ("Manta"), a 5.7-liter "GTS" and Grange ("Grange"). Topping the range of 5 liter Holden Statesman ("Steytsmen") and Caprice ("Caprice").
Holden VR HSV GTS 215i ("Holden VR HSV GTS 215i") 1994-2000
A perfect example of Holden Special Vehicles department has VR Commodore GTS 215i, capable of accelerating from standstill to 100 km / h in 6.6 seconds - one of the most dynamic production cars of Australian production. It was also the fastest Australian production model - the maximum speed of 243 km / h The car received a new engine Holden V8 (5,7 n) with fuel injection, 6-speed gearbox and limited slip differential. Engine developed 215 hp at 4800 rev / min and maximum torque of 475 Nm at 3600 r / min. At the same time limiting engine speed was set at 5500 rev / min. The increased load on the front wheels assumed that "GTS 215i" is prone to understeer, but it sensitively reacts to the control action has allowed the engine to cope with the problem by manipulating the fuel pedal. Drive clutch - cable-hydraulic. The brakes - ventilated discs and brakes, tires size 235/45ZR17.

High-speed "VR HSV GTS 2151" was released in 1994 is the fastest passenger serial model of Australia with a XX century, a 5.7-liter V8 engine

characterization
Engine: V8, 16 valves
Bore and stroke: 102x88 mm
Displacement: 5710 cm3
Maximum power: 8.5
Transmission: 4-carrier in the back of the door
Chassis: Independent on helical springs
Holden Commodore VN Group A ("Holden Commodore VN Group A") 1991
VN Commodore was the last of a series of "VN" for the development of Omolo-delegations to compete for the requirements of group A. A total of 302 cars produced from the planned 500, and the last produced March 8, 1991 fairings kit created with the help of purging in the wind tunnel MIRA in the UK . The coefficient of air resistance, Cd was less than 0.3, compared with a value of 0.34 for the base model "VN". Like many of the most powerful models of Holden, model VN Group A began its life as a Berlina ("Berlin"), because it was less luxurious equipment that needs to be changed in the preparation of a special sports saloon in the workshops of Holden Special Vehicles.

One of the latest versions of Holden HRT series began in 1998 funded by Mobil ("Mobil") car VT Commodore V8

From their series of twins differed VN Commodore 17-inch wheels and tires, with the ratio of height to its width 0.45, a completely overhauled engine for the Group A V8 (215 hp), 6-speed manual ZR1 Corvette ("Corvette") German firm ZF (ZF). Almost all engine parts have been reworked, in particular, increased diameter of the valve lifters and rods, reinforced valve springs are used, cast from a special aluminum alloy rocker cover and pressure air chamber, upgraded crankshaft with steel and reinforced double row with asterisks chain drive camshaft, pistons and connecting rods for racing, easier to 7 kg flywheel and reinforced liners main and connecting rod bearings. Complementary picture of the electric fuel pump high-pressure fuel tank for more capacity and protection against rocks. The car accelerates from a standstill to 100 km / h in 6.2 seconds with a top speed of 250 km / h

Front suspension and archaic rear axle were reinforced springs, specially selected anti-roll bars and shock absorbers Bilstein ("Bilshtayn"). The car body was painted in dark red color, but released, and two specific instances - Black and White "metallic." The first cars were a simple air-conditioning. The driver Win Percy (Win Percy) used the VN Group A with the chassis number "016" as a personal road car with registration number "WIN 1."

HONDA

2012-03-12T12:02:00.001-07:00

HONDA

The world's largest and perhaps the most successful motorcycle manufacturer has decided in the 60s. to start producing cars. After 30 years, he became the third largest Japanese automaker, which annually sells 1.5 million cars. From a technical point of view, the most interesting in this period there were two 2-bed model - "S800" and "NSX".

After Honda has won a high reputation of the manufacturer of high quality motorcycles, its leadership decided to engage the release of vehicles. Under the emblem with the letter "I" is almost never come across copies of European designs, but there were many technical innovations of their own
She started as a small issue with the Honda sports car with a front engine, which by the end of the 60s. entered into a series of "S800". Then the company began development of family cars with front wheel drive transverse engine, gradually increase in size and come down to the middle class.
In the 70-80s. Earlier versions were replaced by new models with ever-increasing pace: a series of Civic ("Civic") supplemented by a series Accord ("Accord"), then Prelude ("Prelude"). Simultaneously, the company filled a different niche market, with the result that there were sedans Ballade ("The Ballad") hatchbacks Quintet ("Quintet"). In the end, were formed by the full series of different vehicles (sedans, hatchbacks, coupes and station wagons), based on identical platforms.

On the model of "NSX", introduced in 1969, the company Honda was able to prove that she is fully capable to create a sports car at Ferrari ("Ferrari")
Specifications and later financial ties with the company Rover ("Rover") resulted in 80-ies. to the creation of a joint project of Honda Legend / Rover 800, the first Honda V6 engine and the opening of the American Branch of the Acura ("Acura"). As is the case with other Japanese corporations, it seemed that only a limited amount of time, new cars, the company put up for sale.
By 1990, Honda has not only opened a plant in Swindon (UK), and introduced its first supercar "NSX" with the engine within the database to deal with the Ferrari 328/348. The company was so profitable, technologically advanced and obsessed with motor racing at the senior management level, which was able to achieve outstanding results in the classroom with its Formula 1 cars and engines. However, the main efforts of Honda aims at extensively developing and manufacturing of family cars.

HOTCHKISS

2012-03-12T12:00:00.001-07:00

HOTCHKISS

Since the beginning of the French company Hotchkiss, Benjamin Berkeley-educated American Gochkissom (Benjamin Berkeley Hotchkiss), engaged in the production of firearms. With the reduction of military orders she took up the issue of passenger cars. Until 1914, both directions have evolved independently.
At that time the company built a new factory, which later led the Englishman Earri Ainsworth (Harry Ainsworth). In 20-ies. Hotchkiss collected a series of successful cars in constructive for simple, with a 4-cylinder engines. The breakthrough came in 1928 when the market received the first six-cylinder model "AM80". The number "80" model in the index pointed to the diameter of the cylinder in millimeters.

Crossed tools logo on the Hotchkiss talking about the main direction of the company - the production of armaments. The name of the French firm has received in honor of its founder
Its engine, created Bertarione (Bertarione), has become the main power unit for the next two decades. Faster versions, such as "686" and "686GS", soon became famous in the international rally (several times won the Monte Carlo method). Their reputation was not lower than that of Delage ("Delage") and Delahaye ("Delahaye").
In the late 30s. the company also produced weapons for three thousand cars a year. However, the construction of the last little improved. Especially noticeable was after the Second World War, as the continued production of prewar models. Attempts to replace them has been undertaken. In 1951 there were apparently modified versions of the 6-cylinder vehicles ("2050" and "2050GS"), but only briefly delayed the end.
The only way to survive was to Hotchkiss merged with another company, which in 1952 became the Delahaye. In the end, after 1954 the company switched to the production of trucks. Mark Hotchkiss kept in trucks up to 1970 have also been making the company a license to the American Jeep ("Jeep") and sold in France, trucks Leyland ("Leyland").
HotchklsS 686 ("Gochkiss 686"), 1936-1954
The first-generation 6-cylinder cars Hotchkiss was the model "AM80", presented at the Paris Motor Show in 1928 and became the basis of more powerful cars of the series "686". They are distinguished by a strong classic chassis and suspension of all wheels of the dependent-development of the sports chassis "AM80S" in 1933 this time frame it was X-shaped cross, and drum brakes Bendix ("Bendix") cable-operated.
In-line 6-cylinder engine with a 7-reference crankshaft and overhead valve with a sucker-rod drive packaged with a 4-speed synchronized gearbox. Depending on the purpose of the engine could be a single carburetor (100 hp) or variants of Paris-Nice ("Paris-Nice") and the Grand Sport ("Grand Sport"), rated at 125 hp
The machine produced in different versions with 4 sizes of the wheelbase. The most luxurious of them - "GS" (Grand Sport) - offered as a roadster, a sports sedan and coupe. She developed a speed of 161 km / h and has successfully participated in the rally. Hotchkiss machine in the series won the Monte Carlo Rally five times. In 1939 it produced about 1.5 thousand of these machines.
Gradually, their construction is improved: in 1936 appeared hydraulic brakes in 1948 - an independent front suspension and, on request, a transmission Cotal ("Kotal") in 1951 changed the look and the index ("2050/2050GS" .) Cars remained in production until 1954

Before the Second World War, Hotchkiss produced a series of "AN", which in 1926 received a new overhead valve engine (2 liters)

Feature (Grand Sport, 1936)
Engine: P6, the overhead
Bore and Stroke: 86x100 mm
Displacement: 3485 cm3
Maximum Power: 125 hp
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs
Brakes: drum
Body: 2 - or 4-bed types
Maximum speed: 161 km / h
Options 686 Hotchkiss Hotchkiss AM80 and AM80S
"AM80" was collected in 1929-1933. It is equipped with 6-cylinder engine "Bertarione" dimension 80x100 mm (3015 cm3, 70 hp). The model developed speed of about 116 km / h There is also an option, "AM73" engine dimensions 73x100 mm. "AM80S" got the engine working volume of 3485 cm3.
Hotchkiss 615 and 680
The basis of the options, "615" (1935) and "680" (1936-39 gg.) Were the base 3-liter engine and chassis of the model "686".
Hotchkiss 620
This is the predecessor model, "686", manufactured in 1934-35. with a 100-horsepower version of the 3.5-liter engine.
Hotchkiss 2050 and 2050GS
Produced after the Second World War and looks different from the model "686".

НORCH

2012-03-12T11:57:00.003-07:00

НORCH

This company, at one time seriously compete with the Mercedes-Benz ("Mercedes Benz") in the sector of luxury cars, founded August Horch (August Horch) in Cologne-Ehrenfeld in 1899 In 1904 she moved to Zwickau. Three years later, August Horch, and disagreed with its partners regarding lineup, left the company, founded in the same city another company Horch, was soon renamed the Audi ("Audi").
First Horch produced a lot of cars with different four-cylinder engines. In 20-ies. She started to produce a series of prestigious cars, which was the initiator of the new chief engineer Paul Daimler (Paul Daimler), son of the famous Gottlieb (Gottlieb) Daimler. The first of a series of eight-cylinder Horch was the model "300" in-line "eight" with the upper gas distribution mechanism and the two camshafts, later followed by the model "305" and "306" with the same design on the motors. Model "350/375" (1928) had a 4-liter version of the engine (80 hp).

Relief Horch emblem on the radiator of one of the luxurious "VI2" the 30-ies. This car has challenged a number of powerful pre-war Mercedes cars
After the departure of Paul Daimler there were two conceived their car - "400" and "405". The first post-daymlerovskoy model has a completely new "450" (1930). She had options not only for the wheelbase, but also on the working volume of the engine. Released before the end of the 30-ies. In 1932, Horch Company entered into a new German company Auto Union ("Auto Union"), which also included Audi, DKW (DCS) and the Wanderer ("Wanderer"). Famous cars Auto Union Grand Prix ("Grand Prix") were created in factories Horch in Zwickau.
In 30-ies. the firm continued to manufacture exclusive models, but it is difficult to determine the origin of the historians of their indices, as different machines were produced with different wheelbases and engine capacity. Thus, in the late 30's. Horch produced row "eight" with the upper timing and mechanism nizhneklapannye V8 engine with an angle of the collapse of the block 66 °. The working volume of 3.5-5 l was, and power - 75-120 hp In the year produces no more than 500 machines with 8-cylinder engines.
The most notable, but the most rare and complicated machines 30s., - The massive "600/670" with a V12 engine and 8-cylinder "850". Horch Company sold its cars at a lower price than the Mercedes-Benz. Prior to the Second World War the company prospered. Along with Mercedes cars big cars Horch used by the German military and political leaders.
After the war, at the same plant Horch, who are in East Germany, began to produce cars Trabant ("Trabant") with 2-stroke motor-nym. It should also be noted that in the mid 50s. attempt was made to manufacture models of middle-class branded Sachsenring ("Zaksenring"). Produced only a small batch of vehicles. Remains of heraldry Horch left the factory and when it closed in 1991
Horch 670 ("Horch 670"), 1931-1933
Horch 20-ies. 8-cylinder engine with overhead camshaft was a great car, but it was not enough to attract buyers who are committed brand Mercedes. By 1929, only 16 managed to sell cars, and the next year none. Therefore, the company invited a new designer Fritz Fiedler (Fritz Fiedler), later created the famous model of the BMW 328. It came with a very ambitious plan, especially given the economic state of Europe at that time. His proposal was a luxury car with the engine V12. The first copy was ready for the Paris Motor Show (Fall 1931), where the car caused a sensation. The designer of the company Horch Herman Arens (Herman Ahrens) succeeded very attractive two-door convertible body model "670". The four-body Pullman ("Pullman") was more traditional.

Cars Horch 670 draws an elegant cabriolet
Unfortunately, the convertible body had a very severe for developing the 12-cylinder engine, full load machine weighed about 2.5 tons Motor was a conservative design with a sucker rod operated valves, although he had hydropushers, vibration damper and 7 main bearings. For the latest driver provided for the inclusion of an increased supply of oil at a speed close to the maximum. Painted in black, 6-liter engine developed 120 hp only at 3500 rev / min. However, the torque was very high and heavy car could accelerate smoothly in top gear with a speed of 24 km / h to a maximum of 129 km / h

For the model "670" the company has created a 6-liter VI2 with the angle of the collapse of the 60. "He developed a total of 120 hp, but impressed by its high torque

Transmission of firm ZF (ZF) had synchronizers on three stages, with the highest level had a gear ratio of 0.67, which also nullified the possibility of pulling the engine. The machine had a great handling, although it was dependent on the suspension semi-elliptic leaf springs. Worse were the brakes, not very helpful, and the increase in diameter reels up to 16 inches.

The exact number of vehicles collected is unknown, but assumed that was released only 54 machines, of which survived to the present day four copies. All - 2-door convertibles, one of them was in the collection of the brothers Schlumpf (Schlumpf), as pictured here belongs to the American version of the collector.

On the chassis "670" to set different vehicle. This convertible issue in 1932 - one of the most attractive. Were built more than 50 series machines "670"

Characteristics (1931)

Engine: VI2, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 80x100 mm

Displacement: 5990 cm3

Maximum Power: 120 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 4 - and 6-bed types

Maximum speed: 129 km / h

Norch 853 ("Horch 853"), 1936-1939

After the departure of Paul Daimler and non-extravagant row "eight" with two overhead camshafts company Horch has returned to normal sacking eight-cylinder engine that was created this time by Mr. Fritz Fidle, who later worked for BMW, and after the Second World War - in Bristol ("Bristol").

While such a structure had its heyday, and machines with motors have a frame with the elements of the closed section, and an independent front suspension. The engines with a single overhead camshaft over 10 main bearings, and worked with synchronized transmissions.

Horch 853 was a time the most expensive car Group Auto Union. He had the line "eight" (5 L, 120 hp)

The first "eight" Fiedler was established in 1930 on the model of "450." More popular cars with this engine were "850" and "950" late 30's. The motor had a working volume of 5 liters and power 100 or 120 hp Cars are not being so heavy, different speed. Several of these machines were sold in the UK, where they compete with models Bentley ("Bentley") and Lagonda ("Lagonda") and cost less. Successful sales prevented a British patriotism and a growing rejection of the entire German.

The most athletic of all the Horch was the model "853" Release 1936-39 years. (only built 950 cars) with a cabriolet, is somewhat similar to Mercedes-Benz 540K. She had an independent front suspension and rear axle de Dion. With that, the machine weighed about 2.3 tons, it developed the speed of 145 km / h, but different dynamics of the poor.

Horch 853 Cabriolet different independent front suspension and rear axle, de Dion

Feature (853 Cabriolet)

Engine: P8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 87x104 mm

Displacement: 4946 cm3

Maximum Power: 120 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: Front Independent by transverse leaf springs, de Dion rear semi-elliptic leaf springs at the

Brakes: drum

Body: 4 - and 6-bed types

Maximum speed: 145 km / h

Options Horch 853 Horch 850, 851 and 951

A more pronounced hiking model with an extended wheelbase, less powerful and heavier (all except "951", with a conventional rear axle). Some machines have a huge wheelbase 3.78 m

HRG

2012-03-12T11:52:00.001-07:00

HRG

In 1935 Ted Halford (Ted Halford), Robin Guy (Guy Robins) and Ron Godfrey (Ron Godfrey) decided to establish a Toluorte, a suburb of London, a small company producing sports cars. So a brand of HRG, or Hurg ("Herg"). Over the next 20 years under the names of these machines were made superficially attractive bodies.
Each of the partners have been involved with sports cars: Halford was an engineer and racer, Robin participated in the establishment cars Trojan ("Trojan"), and Godfrey, along with Archie Frazer-Nash (Archie Frazer-Nash) founded GN (G-CNN) the production cycle of cars.

HRG - these are the first letters of the names of the three founders of the company: Hzlforda, Robins, and Godfrey. They began production of sports cars in Toluorte, a suburb of London, 1935
In the design of simple gear HRG influenced the development of the former GN and may, Frazer-Nash. It had a forward-facing front and back rear chetvertellipticheskie spring. But unlike Frazer-Nash in HRG were the usual box and driveline, and engine Meadows ("Meadows") and Singer ("Singer"). Although the car had a reasonable price, they are very carefully collected by hand, which explains the very small scale. According to the documentation normally required five months to build the entire car - chassis were collected for three months, and the body - for two.
Before the war, most production took place in 1937 - 11 cars, and after it, even despite the lack of materials and energy - 67 (1947). But in the 50s. outdated design, production was reduced to 4 units in 1954 and ceased in 1956
This small company is distinguished by entrepreneurial spirit. After the war, she released a streamlined model 45 Aerodynamic ("Aerodaynemik") with a wide body on the same narrow frame, set up in the 50s. Singer version of the engine with two overhead camshafts. In the 60's. HRG engaged in the construction of prototypes of engines Ford ("Ford") and Vauxhall ("Vauxhall").
NRG 1100, 1500 and Aerodynamic ("Aerodaynemik") 1935-1956
The car, which began and ended his life the way HRG, appeared in 1935 Like similar models of other companies, it was a classic two-seater. Comfort, spacious interior and equipment were sacrificed athletic qualities.
The basis of the design with a wheelbase of 2.61 meters was a simple frame with channel iron cross spars. Cantilever spring, forward-facing (front) and aft (rear), were so severe that there was saying: if you have a wheel pognete HRG, then its frame is sure to be broken! The narrow body of aluminum had wings like a motorcycle and a minimum of protection from the weather. The car soon gained a good reputation, had a precise steering, was suitable for any kind of motorsport.

Eric Thompson (Eric Thomson) built this with a body HRG Monaco ("Monaco") for the race at Le Mans
The first car model, "1500" have engines Meadows dimension 69x100 mm (1496 cm3, 58 hp), but these engines have already completed their course of life (the company Frazer-Nash also did away with them), and 1937 vehicles equipped with a motor with overhead camshaft and gearbox from the Singer. The new engine was more powerful, but it had practically no effect on the characteristics of the machine due to poor aerodynamics.
In 1938 appeared superficially similar version of "1100" with the engine dimensions 60x95 mm Singer (1074 cm3, 38 hp) and a wheelbase of 2.53 m of its sales were slow and 1938-50 years. managed to realize only 49 cars. However, HRG 1100 sports model remains attractive, has a top speed of 126 km / h After the Second World War the machine remained virtually unchanged except for the model Aerodynamic (1945-49 gg.). In the same frame and running gear as the model "1500", it had a full aluminum body wings and weighed more.

A wider body Aerodynamic offered after the war pozakazu
In 1953, the machines began to use the Short-motor dimension 73x89, 4 mm, working volume of 1497 cm3, and before the completion of the production - hydraulic brakes. There were 16 vehicles assembled with motor Meadows, 109 models, "1500" long-stroke engine Singer, 49 models of "1100", 45 copies of the Aerodynamic and, finally, 12 models of "1500" short-stroke engine with a Singer.

Serial HRG traditionally looked, to replace the motors Meadows in 1937 came to engines Singer

Characteristics (Singer 1500, 1937)
Engine: P4, with overhead camshaft
Bore and Stroke: 68x103 mm
Displacement: 1496 cm3
Maximum power: 61 hp
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on a quarter-elliptic leaf springs
Brakes: drum
Body: 2-seater aluminum timber-framed
Maximum speed: 138 km / h

HUDSON

2012-03-12T11:49:00.000-07:00

HUDSON

Hudson company was founded in 1909 by Howard Earle Coffin (Howard Earle Coffin) and Roy Daykmen Chapin (Roy Dikeman Chapin), respectively, the former chief engineer and manager of the sales company Oldsmobile ("Oldsmobil"). Financial support they gave Hudson a millionaire who owned the Detroit area in the network of stores. Hudson 640 (1914) became the lightest b-cylinder car in the U.S. and the company has provided a strong positive reputation. Releasing 10,260 vehicles, Hudson has become the world's largest manufacturer of 6-cylinder cars. Since then, it produced more cars with closed bodies than its competitors. Body supplied by Biddle and Smart ("Smart Biddle End") from Amesbury, Massachusetts.
A subsidiary of Essex ("Essex") began collecting cars in 1917 at the plant unproductive Hudson. When the output of both companies caught up in 1922, they teamed up. In 1926, Hudson opened a new plant capacity of 1.5 thousand bodies a day, ensuring that all their requests. The annual output amounted to 110 thousand vehicles and 160 thousand Hudson Essex, which gave the group a total of Hudson-Essex third place in sales behind Ford ("Ford") and Chevrolet ("Chevy"). The Great Depression forced to rename the model to the Essex Terraplane ("Terrapleyn").
Hudson introduced in 1930 in-line "eight" (3.5 L), remained in production until 1952 Car of the company in demand in the UK: they were collected in the western part of London in the amount of two thousand units per year. And Terraplane, Hudson, and successfully performed in competition. Hudson set a record of the American Automobile Association to raise the production vehicles on the hill in 1933 by financial reasons Terraplane name disappeared in 1938 when in 1940, Hudson introduced independent front suspension, its cars were advertised as "the safest in America." During the Second World War the company produced components for aircraft, marine engines Invader ("Inveyder") and implements Oerlikon ("Oerlikon").
The most elegant model, the company demonstrated after the war. Chief designer Frank Spring (Frank Spring) created in 1948, the body, called the Step-Down ("Step-Down"), in which part of the frame behind the rear wheel arches consisted of cantilever beams located below the main part of the frame. At the same time the body was welded to the frame and forms a supporting structure. In-line 8-cylinder engine was later used in the Super Six ("Cyper Six") in the form Pacemaker ("Peysmeyker"). In 1951 appeared Hornet ("Hornet") with a new nizhneklapannym 6-cylinder engine (145 hp). The car has performed well in the competition, although it looked like an anachronism engine compared to the used by most companies in the U.S. motor V8. By 1950, sales reached 150 thousand units, but after 3 years they have fallen to 33 thousand even the appearance in 1953 of a new compact model, Jet ("Jet") did not attract buyers.
In 1954, Hudson merged with Nash and formed American Motors Corporation ("American Motors Corporation"). In fact, it was the decline of brand Hudson, as the majority of its vehicles was an emblem of Nash. They were collected in Kenosha, Wisconsin, installed V8 engines from Jet, Hornet and Packard ("Pa-card"). By 1955, sales have increased. Hudson carried the emblem of the compact Rambler ("Rembler") and options for Austin Metropolitan ("Austin Metropolitan"). With 1958 cars were called Rambler. Although since then Hudson would not let cars, its Detroit factory built military vehicles such as Mighty Mite 4x4 ("Mighty Mait"). He eventually moved to the military branch of American Motors General ("American General Motors").
Hudson Hornet ("Hudson Hornet") 1951-1954
Manufacture of bearing the body of Frank Spring, which he founded in 1941, was postponed until 1948 a series of new machines discovered Pacemaster, it was followed by Super Six, Hornet, Wasp ("Uesp"), Super Wasp and the flagship of Commodore ("Commodore "). It was eventually produced more than 142 thousand cars Step-Down. Special versions included the convertible hard top Super Wasp Hollywood ("Hollywood") and Commodore Brougham ("Commodore Brogem"). It was supposed to use the line "eight" (4.2 liters), but the production model of the Hornet went to the row "Six" (5 L, 145 hp) that has achieved success in the American racing series cars. We have created this series of Frem Sam (Sam Frahm) and Reylton Reid (Reid Railton). Named it Step-Down because the back part of the underbody was below the main frame. Both rear-wheel vehicles were special console frame, which provided a low level of the floor in the rear. Lower center of gravity thus determined the successful performance of the machines at racetracks.
Frank Murphy before the arrival of the head of design services Hudson, an engineer in France and worked in the 20s. in the body of Murphy Body ("Murphy Bodi"). He and his staff were responsible for the appearance of the car, the interior and all the materials ready for transfer to the company's Technical Center. In developing the model Commodore design team used plaster scale models instead of the commonly used clay. Disadvantage - the difficulty of making changes, and therefore at the design stage, the company had problems. For example, with cooling of the engine. Necessary to increase the height of the radiator grille, but the management refused to such a decision in favor of the lining of lower height. Another stylistic feature was the tiny rear window height of 28 cm, modeled Buick Sedanette ("Buick Sedanett") in 1942 on a new series of Step-Down for the first time used a metallic pigment and a combination of two colors. Machines have an excess of chromium, sun visors for the entire width of the windshields.INNOCENTI

Hornet in 1951, created by designer Frank Spring and engineers, and Sam Fremom Rzyltonom Reid had stepped frame. The back of the bottoms of his body and the body panels were on a very small height of the roadway

Characteristics (Hornet)
Engine: P6
Volume: 5 liters
Chassis: welded to the body on a steel frame with consoles
Suspension: front independent on helical springs, rear semi-elliptic leaf springs on the dependent
Brakes: 2-door coupe or 4-door sedan

INNOCENTI

2012-03-11T00:45:00.000-08:00

INNOCENTI

The Italian company Innocenti became famous in the 50s. their scooters. In the next decade, she took up the manufacture of passenger cars. Starting with the licensed production, over time created their own models.
The first machines were Innocenti assembled from imported kits Group CPA (B-C-GM) cars A40 Farina ("A40 Farina"). They were followed by the Navy in 1100 and the front-Mini ("Mini"). From the outset, the company has expressed interest in and to the more interesting cars, created a Spider ("Spider") based on the model Austin Healey Sprite ("Sprite"). Stampings for his body supplied by Officine Stampaggi Industrial ("Offichine Stampadzhi Industriale").

The result of alteration by the Mini Innocenti: a more modern look and a convenient back door.
By the end of the 60s. the company has expanded considerably. The newly formed group at the Naval Base British Leyland ("British Leyland") Innocenti considered as a partner, through which you can enter the Italian market. In the end, he bought it in 1972 .
The most important model, while Innocenti Mini with a body of Bertone ("Burton"). But after the failure of the English group the company was taken over by Alejandro De Tomaso (Alejandro De Tomaso), and became part of the association De Tomaso-Maserati-Moto Guzzi ("De Tomaso-Maserati-Moto Guzzo"). The new leadership looked critically at the old British cars. However, for some time produced Innocenti Mini with bodywork by Bertone. In 1976 she received the name of De Tomaso Mini. As a result of cooperation with the British De Tomaso refused, concluding an agreement with Japan's Daihatsu ("Daihatsu") to supply it with the 1982 3-cylinder engines and transmissions. In 1990 the company has completely passed under the control of FIAT, ending his relatively short independent history.

INVICTA

2012-03-11T00:42:00.000-08:00

INVICTA

In 20-ies. in the UK market was a niche for a free expensive and produced in a limited number of sports cars. Decided to fill it with Noel Macklin (Noel Macklin), and Sir Oliver Lyle (Oliver Lyle). In 1925 they founded in Cobham, Surrey, a small company Invicta ("Invicta"). Until the late 30's. She let out expensive cars in the classic style. An attempt to revive the firm after World War II proved to be unsuccessful.

A figure of Pegasus on the radiator cap appeared on the Invicta Black Prince Road 1949 and resulted in a very difficult car to the end of the production of this company
McLean wanted to make American-style cars, big engine with high torque, easy operation, but keep the manual production of the best British tradition. Each car was a classic example of "team" model, for which selected the appropriate engine, transmission and axles. The required quality first Invicta cars provided a 6-cylinder engines Meadows ("Meadows").

Race cars in the historic Silverstone. Behind the wheel of a low-bed sports a 4.5-liter InvictaS Tour 1931 Byd Bob (Bob Wood)
Since the early 30s. McLean became more and more carried away by the new project - by Railton ("Reylton"), who used American-made chassis. These cars after Invicta moved to London and released at Cobham. Such a change in interest for the Invicta meant the loss of his "driving force", because even with the motor car Blackburne ("Blackburn") with a supercharged failed to maintain the credibility of the firm.

Cordero Violet (Violet Cordery) manages the new 4.5-liter car Invicta. Boileau's Cup in 1928 in Boulogne

In 1937 there were models with engine capacity of 2.5, 3 and 4 liters. Noel Macklin by this time left the company and the production of cars in it is gradually eliminated. After World War II revived the company introduced an ambitious six-cylinder car Black Prince ("Black Prince"), but it was too expensive and could collect only 25 copies.

Invicta 4,5-litre ("Invicta 4.5 liter ') 1929-1935

Invicta 4,5-Utre appeared 4 years after the first cars with engines Meadows. Its cost was high. Price usual gear amounted to almost one thousand pounds sterling. She approached the price of Rolls-Royce 20/25 (the "Rolls Royce").

Model "S Type" frame was specially copied from the machines Delage Grand Prix 20-ies., Which was located under the rear axle, and limited suspension travel. Generally recognized bad exchange rate stability

All models are "4,5-litre" were simple enough with rigid leaf suspension, large diameter wheels and heavy steering. At the same time, they were faster than most competitors - the maximum speed ranged from 129 to 137 km / h

The front axle with "S Type" was a forged I-beam cross section with the curved part down the middle

The most original and very rare model was the low sporty "S" - a very high speed, but have a poor exchange rate stability. This did not prevent her to win many prestigious races and rallies. The most significant was a victory for Invicta in 1931, Donald Healey (Donald Healey) in the Monte Carlo Rally. Very rigid frame model, made like the frame of the car Delage Grand Prix ("Delage Grand Prix"), the 20-ies., Held under the rear axle, and limited vertical movement of the wheels. Body differed sharp edges and studs along the hood, through which pass the outer side of the receiving pipe muffler.

For 4 years were collected 77 such cars. Most of them survived to the present day. Incidentally, the company chose to drive Lagonda ("Lagonda") for its own 4.5-liter models produced prior to World War II.

This version of the model 4,5-litre S Type 1934 with the release of the body Salmons ("Selmons")

Characteristics of (4,5-litre S Type)

Engine: P6, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 88,5 x120, 6mm

Displacement: 4467 cm3

Maximum power: 115 (140) HP

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 2-seater aluminum timber-framed

Maximum speed: 153 km / h

Variations Invicta with engines Meadows

All Ivicta in the 1925-31 years. had a version of the famous 6-cylinder engine Meadows. The very first 2.5-liter engine Invicta has the dimension of 69x120, 6 mm (2692 cm3). Wheelbase - 2.84 pm It was sold in 1925-27. Next was a 3-liter model with the engine dimensions 72,5 x120 mm (2972 cm3, 95 hp) and a wheelbase of 2.84 or 3.05 m (1926-30 gg.). And finally, the 4.5-liter model (1929-1935 gg.). Its first version of the NLS-Tourer ("Typep") with a base of 3.2 m in 1930 completed the modification of the "Type A" (high frame, a simplified model) and "S Type" (low frame, a sports body).

Invicta 12/45 ("Invicta 12/45"), 1931-1933

Invicta immediately reacted to the economic downturn by releasing a motor vehicle with a smaller working volume of Blackburne. This 1.5-liter engine in naturally aspirated version was called "12/45": The first number indicates the power of the criteria for the Royal Automobile Club, and the second - the maximum effective capacity. A year later appeared with a supercharged version of the Powerplus under the symbol "12/90."

The problem was the lack of experience of manufacturing cars with small engines. The new car has greater mass and demanded changes in the transmission gear ratios to obtain an acceptable dynamics. Even with a supercharged version of the model "12/90" did not reach the speed of 113 km / h and expended 12.5 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers. Like the old machines with more powerful engines, the new look of sports, but at the price, twice the price counterparts, have managed to build only 50 copies.

Dual Code of the Invicta was talking about the power of the criteria for the Royal Automobile Club and the maximum capacity of 6-cylinder 1.5-liter engine Blackburne. But even with a supercharged version of the engine did not allow a heavy vehicle to develop a high speed

Characteristics (1931)

Engine: P6, the upper cam

Bore and stroke: 57x97, 7 mm

Displacement: 1498 cm3

Maximum power: ND

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on semi-elliptic leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 4-seater sedan or tourer

Maximum speed: 121 km / h

Invicta Black Rrince ("Invicta Black Prince"), 1946-1950

During the Second World War, Invicta has allowed its designer, William Watson (William Watson) to continue to build cars. In 1946, a new car is too complicated and Black Prince. He had to compete with the machines the company Jaguar ("Jaguar"). However, for such a small company it was a pipe dream.

Black Prince could become a successful car, if the company had the ability to properly design and carry significantly lower price. Transmission model proved to be too unreliable. The car got a new solid frame and fully independent suspension on triangular lever and longitudinal torsion. The new engine Meadows with two overhead camshafts and the crankshaft polnoopornym had a working volume of 3 liters. Achilles' heel of the machine has the torque converter Brockhouse ("Brockhouse"), which allowed to increase the ratio from 4.27 to 15.0. At first, the endless torment delivered reverse gear, closing solenoid, and the throttle response is poor.

Body invited the company to build Charlesworth ("Charlzuort"), but after the bankruptcy order is passed to the Airflow Streamlines ("Eyrflou Strimlayns") and Jensen ("Jensen"). Also, the problems of the car could be classified as large a mass (1770 kg) and a very high price (GBP 3890). Nevertheless, it was planned to collect 250 units a year. Incompletely car at a price of Rolls-Royce did not attract buyers. This interesting and noteworthy model used the low demand.

Model Invicta Black Prince with failure-prone transmission with torque converter has challenged the British car high society

Characteristics (1946)

Engine: P6, two overhead camshafts

Bore and Stroke: 81x97 mm

Displacement: 2998 cm3

Maximum Power: 120 hp

Transmission: Automatic

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: Independent torsion bar

Brakes: drum

Body: 4-seater 4-door sedan or 2-door convertible

Maximum speed: 145 km / h

ISO

2012-03-11T00:36:00.004-08:00

ISO

Between the first two models, Iso is a huge difference. The second one was a supercar with an engine Chevrolet V8 ("Chevrolet"), while the first - a small monocab Isetta ("Izetta") with engine capacity of 236 cm3, which developed the speed of 64 km / h She started this company in the 40s. With the release of motorcycles, and then in 1953-55 years. machine manufactured the Isetta. In fact, it was increased in size scooter with a weak engine of the motorcycle type. Produced a model in Milan, just three years, although the license to manufacture the company bought a BMW (BMW) of Germany, Velam ("Belam") from France and Trojan ("Trojan") from the UK. The latest car Isetta was released in 1964

Even if Renzo Rivolta, and has not set a standard logo of the company, made by hand Iso inscription referring to the origin of the Milanese was present in each of his car
Beginning in 1962 the company began offering Iso large and fast cars, the chassis which created previously worked at Ferrari ("Ferrari") Bidzarini Giotto (Giotto Bizzarini), the company has supplied engines Chevrolet, a body developed the Italian "studio". Machines successfully combine European body and chassis with American engines and transmissions. In the 60's. went through the same British firm Gordon-Keeble ("Gordon-Qiblah") and the French Vacel Vega ("Fasel Vega").

Heraldic griffin on Grifo - a very high-speed two-seat supercar with a 7-liter engine
Iso assembly plant located in Milan, but as the hand-built body Bertone ("Burton") and Ghia ("Gia"), sales were limited. Inspiration for Iso Rivolta was Renzo (Renzo Rivolta). His ambitious plans for a four-seater car Rivolta (1962) soon added two-seat Grifo ("Grifo", 1963), 4-seater and 4-door Fidia ("Phidias," 1967), and finally , Lele ("Lele", 1969) with a 2-door body 2 2. They all had the same platform, but each different look.

A large and beautifully executed Grifo 1970 - one of the most attractive cars Iso
Around the same time Giotto Bidzarini Iso left the company and began to Leghorn to build their own machines, which were similar to his previous coupe by Grifo. After the death of Renzo Rivolta company headed by his son Piero (Pierro). For some time the company prospered, but in the early 70s. failure followed failure. The main mistake was the financing of the project Formula 1 Iso-Marlboro, first unsuccessful venture of Frank Williams (Frank Williams). Then came the energy crisis of 1973-74.
Also during this period lose one's attraction to potential buyers of the old style car, a Grifo did not change over 10 years. Sales declined. As a result, the company in 1975, ceased to exist. But in 1988 it was revived with the project Grifo 90.
ISO Rivolta ("Iso Rivolta ') 1962-1970
As with all Iso 60-70s., Rivolta was a solid steel platform with the rear suspension, de Dion. The engine and automatic transmission delivered the American Chevrolet, a manual gearbox - the German ZF (ZF).
Steel 2-door 4-seater coupe body created by Giorgetto Giugiaro (Giorgetto Guigiaro) - it was one of his first experiments for the Turin Bertone ("Ber-tone"), which he manufactured the same. There were two versions of the car: "IR300" and "IR340", the numbers in the designation of which approximately corresponded to the engine.
The body design is somewhat reminiscent of the machine Gordon-Keeble, that was predictable, because this car Bertone created around the same time, though the body Rivolta had only two more lurid lights and outdoor decorations.
As in all subsequent vehicles Iso, this model has been rapid, with a small transmission gear ratios and other character than that of its rivals Ferrari, Maserati ("Maserati") and, later, Lamborghini ("Lamborghini"). In just eight years produced 797 cars Rivolta.

After the tiny Isetta, Rivolta was a model for the company Iso first "big" car. This four-seater coupe was shown at the London Motor Show 1966

Characteristics (IR300, 1962)
Engine: V8, the overhead
Bore and Stroke: 101,6 x82, 55 mm
Displacement: 5359 cm3
Maximum Power: 300 hp
Transmission: 5-speed manual or automatic
Chassis: Based on a steel carrier
Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear de Dion
Brakes: disc
Body: 2-door 4-seater sedan
Maximum speed: 225 km / h
ISO Grifo ("Iso Grifo") 1963-1975
While the first model Rivolta often criticized for staid appearance, the second version of this car - sedan Grifo - proved to be amazingly attractive.

Grifo, which in Italian means a griffin - the name of a mythical creature. Grifo combined graceful Italian style and the powerful American V8 engine
Design once again belonged to Bertone, but this time the machine was lower, wider, and was a two-seater coupe with a wheelbase shorter by 0.2 m compared with the Rivolta. Components and assemblies remained the same.

Chassis design Bidzarini with independent front suspension and rear suspension, de Dion, a young Giugiaro body, churned Bertone, - the car managed Grifo as well as look
Except for the front end, Grifo has changed over the years. Offered more and more powerful engines and a 5-speed gearbox. All the machines have developed a very high speed, and the rare 7 - and 7.4-liter specimens exceeded the speed 273 km / h The characteristics of the car they were competing with Ferrari VI2 Daytona ("Daytona").

In most of the Grifo installed 5.4-liter Chevrolet Corvette
The first Grifo received four lights in the usual opening in the front wall, but later changed the look of vehicles and headlights were retractable.
Models such as Grifo can be criticized for heterogeneous components and the use of the imperfect American V8 engines with a sucker rod operated valves, but the chassis of the machine bears comparison with its exotic Italian competitors. The car was sporty and despite the heavy engine load on the wheels turned out to be.
Welded steel platform differed very rigid suspension and carried on the traditional triangular wishbone front and de Dion with guide bars and wishbone Watt (Watt) at the rear. This rear suspension is allowed to reduce the amount of unsprung mass due to installed on the crankcase main gear disc brakes. Still, Grifo did not use such a demand, as its competitors. For 10 years, was sold just 504 cars.

In 1971, the Grifo was sleeker but less attractive front of the body

Characteristics (1963)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 101,6 x82, 55 mm

Displacement: 5359 cm3

Maximum Power: 365 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual or automatic

Chassis: Based on a steel carrier

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear de Dion

Brakes: disc

Body: 2-seater coupe

Maximum speed: 259 km / h

ISO Fidia ("Of Phidias") 1967-1975

Put up for sale model Rivolta and Grifo, Piero Rivolta decided to expand the program and on the same chassis set up a car "S4", soon renamed the Fidia.

On previous models the car featured four-door sedan body of Ghia ("Gia") and increased by 0.15 m compared with Rivolta wheelbase. Advertised as "the fastest four seats in the world", the model Fidia had an unusual view from the side, four square headlights and a spacious lounge with air conditioning.

Compared with Rivolta, Fidia car was bigger and more luxurious, better equipped. In relation to the Grifo was probably an express train, not supercar. Despite the fact that this car offered with a variety of engines and transmissions, demand she did not use. For seven years the company has sold a total of 192 car. At the end of production in a few instances of Fidia installed 5.8-liter Ford V8 engine instead of the Chevrolet.

Created by Ghia sedan with Fidia homely appearance was a 4-door luxury car

Characteristics (1967)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 101,6 x82, 55 mm

Displacement: 5359 cm3

Maximum Power: 300 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual or automatic

Chassis: Based on a steel carrier

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear de Dion

Brakes: disc

Body: 4-seater sedan

Maximum speed: 214 km / h

ISO Lele ("Iso Lele") 1969-1975

The fourth and last version based on the established Bidzarini chassis Iso Lele has become a model with a 2-door body 2 from the two Bertone. In fact, it replaced a car Rivolta, and had the same wheelbase.

Perhaps as a reminder of a famous relative, Iso Lele Coupe carried the logo next to the Grifo model

Compared with Fidia, this car was a true sports coupe. Outwardly, she looked very strange, sharp edges of differing body, front overhang, is partially closed above the headlights and the front desk of the descending line of waist.

Lele sports coupe with a body 2 2 actually replaced the Iso Rivolta, but in large quantities and is not sold

The car turned out to be a successful fusion of Italian and American engineering schools. He effortlessly overclocked (at a speed of 161 km / h the engine worked with a speed of 3000 rev / min), had a high fluidity of movement and good handling.

Do not trust the label on the lid of the valve mechanism. All had large Iso American Motors V8 from General Motors. Then the company switched to engines Ford, and this car has Lele 5.7-liter Ford Cleevland ("Cleveland")

Before the closure of production in 1975 at the company were issued Iso 317 cars Lele, the latter specimens were engines of Ford V8 engines instead of the Chevrolet.

The strange appearance, large overhangs. Lele - not the best work of Bertone

Characteristics (1969)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 101,6 x82, 55 mm

Displacement: 5359 cm3

Maximum Power: 300 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual or automatic

Chassis: Based on a steel carrier

Suspension: the helical springs - front independent, rear de Dion

Brakes: disc

Body: Coupe 2 +2

Maximum speed: 212 km / h

ISO Grifo 90 ("Of Grifo 90") 1991

Unexpectedly to all, more than 10 years after the cessation of production of the last generation Iso Grifo and the Rivolta, brand revived again. In 1991 a whole new supercar Grifo 90, vaguely reminiscent of the old Grifo.

The prototype engine was Grifo 90 Chevrolet Corvette V8, had already seriously upgraded American company Callaway ("Kolleuey") and equipped with turbo-charged, as well as an enhanced six-speed transmission company ZF, which is also used in cars Corvette.

Grifo 90 was 0.31 drag coefficient, engine V8 (5,7 liters, 440 hp) from Callaway. Maximum speed - 290 km / h

The new sample with a tubular frame was designed by Piero Rivoltoy and former general manager Pietro Sala (Pierro Sala) in 1988 for the design is in two well-known Italian consultant: Gian Paolo Dallara (Gian Paolo Dallara) - frame and chassis, Marcello Gandini (Marcello Gandini) - 2-seater coupe body. It is interesting that they chose a layout with a front engine, although the machine was supposed to compete with cars like the Ferrari Testarossa ("Testarossa") and the Lamborghini Diablo ("Lamborghini Diablo") with the motor within the base.

The decision to create a car with front-wheel drive was intentional. I was a fresh memory of the founders of the previous and very successful Italian-American hybrid Grifo, they pressed and authority Rivolty Piero (son of company founder Renzo Rivolty, who died in 1966). Excellent handling and performance of these models with front-wheel drive, like the ZR-1 Corvette, Dodge Viper ("Dodge Viper"), or Panoz ("Panoz") proved that the supercar is not necessary to have a motor within the base.

Grifo received 90 fully independent suspension - the front of the double triangular wishbone and rear four-link, self-adjusting shock absorbers and huge tires Pirelli P Zero ("Zero Pirelli Pee"). It was also installed on production cars (their production would begin in 1993) Clutch Valeo ("Ba-Leo"), electronically controlled. Every year, it was planned to produce 200 cars at a price not more than 100 thousand GBP, which was significantly higher than the value apparent competitor "XZR-1." It was assumed that the maximum speed of 90 Grifo of 300 km / h and it moves away from the many Italian traditions, but the mass production of cars has not begun.

Body Grifo 90 created by designer Marcello Gandini, but at the request of Piero Rivolypy it was a number of changes

Characteristics (prototype 1991)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 101,6 x88, 4 mm

Displacement: 5733 cm3

Maximum Power: 440 hp

Transmission: 6-speed manual

Chassis: tubular steel frame on the

Suspension: independent on the helical springs

Brakes: disc

Body: 2-seater aluminum coupe

Maximum speed: 299 km / h

ISOTTA-FRASCHINI

2012-03-11T00:16:00.003-08:00

ISOTTA-FRASCHINI

Izotta Caesar (Cesare Isotta) and Vincenzo Fraschini (Vincenzo Fraschini) began to work together in Milan. In 1899 they imported to Italy, the French cars. A year later, the first built their car became Renault ("Renault").
Completely created their own model Isotta-Fraschini appeared in 1903 shortly company focused on the issue of large and fast cars. By 1906 it had become the second largest after the FIAT (FIAT), an Italian manufacturer. In 1907 it acquired the company Lorraine-Dietrich ("Lorraine-Dietrich"), but after two years the company regained its independence.

Actor Rudolph Valentino (Rudolph Valentino) was a big fan of Isotta-Fraschini, which contributed sales of these machines in North America
Before World War II image of the Isotta-Fraschini was different than in the 20s. When she became famous for large and luxury cars. In 1905 an engineer working on her Giuseppe Stefanini (Giuseppe Stefanini) got to help Giustino Cattaneo (Guistino Cattaneo). One of their first projects was the 100-horsepower Tipo D ("Tipo A") with engine capacity of 17 230 cm3 with overhead camshaft, who participated in the Cup Florio (sorry Florio) 1905 1908 Isotta-Fraschini with driver Vincenzo Trukko (Vincenzo Trucco) and Alfieri Maserati mechanic (Alfieri Maserati) won the Targa Florio ("Targa Florio"), having developed an 8-hour race average speed of 56.96 km / h

This figure belongs to the radiator cap the car Isotta-Fraschini 8A
By the end of World War Isotta-Fraschini not only preserved the glory of the manufacturer of high quality cars, but also produced military vehicles, ships and aircraft engines. During the war it had produced prototypes of a completely new series of cars Tipo 8. In 1919 followed a policy of a model with 8-cylinder overhead valve engine. It paid off, at least until the 30s.
Tipo 8 was a big, powerful, expensive car and compete with Rolls-Royce ("Rolls Royce") and Hispano-Suiza ("Hispano-Suiza"). At first, its shape was somewhat heavy. Followed him in the 20's. options, "8A" and "8ASS" get rid of this drawback.

The most famous model of the Isotta-Fraschini - big and impressive Tipo August 20-ies. 8A is shown here Torpedo ("Torpedo") in 1920 with a body Farina (Farina) and 6-liter row "Six"
With the onset of the economic recession of the early 30s. Isotta-Fraschini had intended to join the American company Ford ("Ford"), but this did not happen. Demand for the Tipo 8 fell and the company had to focus on aircraft engines, while in 1933 it merged with a group of Caproni ("Caproni").
After the Second World War, Isotta-Fraschini tried to return to the production of cars, creating an interesting model for the design of rear-8C Monterosa ("Monterosa"). But the lapping machine was delayed. Before closing the plant in 1949 on the orders of the Italian government, which owned it, was able to collect only a few copies.
Isotta-Fraschilli Tipo 8 ("Fraschini Tipo Izotta-8"), 1919-1935
This model was created Giustino Cat-Tene, technical manager of the company Isotta-Fraschini. Tipo 8 was developed during the First World War, was the world's first serial in-line eight-cylinder engine and has gone on sale in 1919, largely it has followed the principles of the U.S. because the company had a view of the overseas market. The car was a big, heavy and well-designed, had a motor with excellent adaptability and 3-speed gearbox.

This is a solid body was typical of the Tipo 8
At first, sales of the new model was good. Among the buyers were Rudolph Valentino (Rudolph Valentino), actress Clara Bow (Clara Bow), boxer Jack Dempsey (Jack Dempsey) and newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst (William Randolph Hearst).

About eight had a simple 8-cylinder overhead valve engine and the long-stroke 80 hp
Subsequent versions of "8A" and "8ASS" of this model with a more powerful engine and improved appearance were better known and enjoyed the highest demand. These majestic and very heavy cars had a wheelbase 3.38 m or 3.68 During the period between the two world wars, the company produced 1350 cars, 950 of them were variants of "8A". Option "8B" came later, was sold about 30 pieces.

Isotta-Fraschini Tipo 8ASS was the development of a model "8". Here is an option with a convertible body

Characteristics (Tipo 8, 1919)

Engine: P8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 85x130 mm

Displacement: 5902 cm3

Maximum power: 80 hp

Transmission: 3-speed manual

Chassis: the steel frame

Suspension: dependent on the leaf springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 4 - or 5-bed types

Maximum speed: 113 km / h

Options Isotta-Fraschini Tipo 8 Isotta-Fraschini Tipo 8A and 8ASS

Model "8A", released in 1925, the engine was different dimension 95x130 mm (7372 cm 3, 110-120 hp), with power brakes and an improved selection of gear ratios. This was followed by a sports "8ASS" with the same engine capacity of 135 hp and a maximum speed of 167 km / h

Isotta-Fraschini Tipo SB

This is the third generation (1931) with a new and more rigid frame, the same engine (7.4 liter, 135 hp) and installed a 1932 four-speed Wilson ("Wilson") with a preliminary choice transmission. Since 1934 the standard was synchronized gearbox.

Isotta-Fraschini 8C Monterosa ("Izotta-Fraschini 8C Monterosa") 1947-1949

The company Isotta-Fraschini tried to resume car production, introducing in 1947 the Tipo 8C Monterosa of Fabio Rapi (Fabio Rapi) and Alessandro Bai (Alessandro Baj). The machine is once again destined for U.S. buyers, which explains its appearance. The name of the model had an allegorical meaning, as the Monterosa - is the highest peak in the Alps on the border between Italy and Switzerland.

Continuity with previous models of the company or other Italian cars did not exist: it was a large six-seater car on a steel platform with the rear engine V8, a box with pre-selection of gears and rubber suspension. Radiators and cooling systems were behind. Body of Zagato ("Zagat") was long and sleek, but not quite beautiful. The front looked like a model Rolls-Royce or Mercedes-Benz, and behind Lancia Aprilia ("Lancia Aprilia") and even the Tatra ("Tatra").

Prior to the car sales significantly upgraded: engine capacity has increased from 2.5 to 3 liters, and power - from 103 to 115 hp, radiator moved forward, and the rubber suspension gave way to spring. The car had developed a neutral handling and speed of 161 km / h We will never know why, with the likely success of the Americans the Italian government in 1949 rejected the project, the company closed its plant and transferring arms concern Breda ("NAC").

The outcome could be different. The Americans at that time were very conservative, which confirmed the story with the best model of Tucker Torpedo ("Tucker Torpedo"), so the rear-Isotta-Fraschini could encounter in the U.S. with great difficulty.

Last car Isotta-Fraschini was absolutely not similar to previous models: the body from Zagato, rear 3-liter V8, a box with a preliminary choice of transmission and rubber suspension

Characteristics (1947)

Engine: V8, the overhead

Bore and Stroke: 78x78 mm

Displacement: 2982 cm3

Maximum Power: 115 hp

Transmission: 4-speed manual

Chassis: Steel platform for

Suspension: independent on the helical springs

Brakes: drum

Body: 4-seater sedan

Maximum speed: 161 km / h

ITALA

2012-03-11T00:12:00.002-08:00

ITALA

After Cheyrano Matteo (Matteo Ceirano) left he created in 1901 in Turin auto company Ceirano, he, along with Bija Guido (Guido Bigio) founded the firm in 1904 Itala. Restless Matteo already in 1906 left her, leaving the care of his partner.
Early models Itala follow the latest fashion for sports cars. In this sector, the tone was set by German company Mercedes ("Mercedes"). Itala used very flexible frame, athletic body and a 4 - or 6-cylinder low speed large displacement engines.
Soon the Itala has achieved recognition in Europe, not only because of the success in sports and patronage of the Italian king, but, more importantly, the victory of Prince Borghese Shipone (Scipione Borghese) in the Peking to Paris marathon (1907). He went on a 4-cylinder Itala route length of almost 13 thousand km, demonstrating its absolute reliability.

Itala has achieved recognition by producing racing cars with large engines. Here is a copy of 1907 (16.7 liter, 120 hp)
The largest Itala cars were 6-cylinder 11.1-and 12.9-liter 1908 model willing to buy them, and the company announced the sale in 1911, 720 cars. The motto of "Many fine" does not always bring success. Attempts by companies to produce aircraft engines Hispano-Suiza ("Hispano-Suiza") for the Italian Air Force during the First World War ended in failure.
In 20-ies. Fortune turned against the company, as motorists are refusing to buy old type cars with enormous engines. The turning point in the situation made a former engineer Giulio Cesare Cappa PAT (Giulio Cesare Sarah), hired to build cars with engines smaller working volume.
So in 1924 there was an entirely new model of Tipo 61 with 2-liter 6-cylinder engine that will keep the company afloat in the Itala for a few more years. But financial problems continued. As a result, the state corporation IRI (Corporation for redevelopment, which also controlled the affairs of the company Alfa Romeo) has introduced its control on it.
Despite this, good luck finally escaped from the Itala. Attempts to turn the Tipo Tipo 61 in improved Tipo 65 and 75 failed. The last car of this brand were gathered in 1934, after which the company closed. The remains of it a year later bought FIAT, that this brand was not revived.
Itala 35HP/40HP ("Itala 35NR/40NR) (Beijing-Paris) 1907
In 1907 the French newspaper Le Matin ("Le Matin") printed in large letters asked the question: "Will there be anyone willing to travel this summer from Peking to Paris by car?". Machine, run the dangerous journey in the first decade of the XX century must be truly exceptional.
Itself has become a model "35NR / 40NR", built specially for the Itala of Prince Borghese Shipone and is suitable to prepare for this momentous run. Its 7.4-liter 4-cylinder engine had a cast cylinders in pairs, the dimension of 130x140 mm and can operate at the low-grade gasoline. The valves are symmetrical and have been used interchangeably, the ignition - from low-voltage magneto. Surprisingly, the car had four-speed gearbox and disc clutch (replaced in Moscow). Although the route laid down on the deserted road, and a heavy load, it was the standard radiator and the engine did not suffer from overheating.

An official from Urga makes a trip to the Itala (this is the first car seen them) during the run of the Peking to Paris in 1907, his short trip scared attendants, who feared abduction
During the journey from Beijing through Mongolia, the Gobi Desert, Russia and eastern Europe, the problems with this car was a little heavy-duty, in particular, were broken springs and spokes of the wheels. At the end of the route the engine remained in good condition, and the transmission was not detected "and minor signs of wear." Even the tires, specially designed by Pirelli ("Pirelli") for this run, was kept to 4 thousand miles each.
The success of the car "3ONR/45NR" has brought huge dividends to the company. Over the next few years remains a very popular road model. A year after his triumph Itala car offered with a 6-cylinder 12.9-liter engine and long wheelbase. She had no shock absorbers and brakes acted only on the rear wheels and the transmission shaft and cited various pedals. Normal body is practically no different from the Spartan body who visited Beijing in the car.

Racer Klatten (Clutten) operates a 6-cylinder 12-liter Itala 1908 (Silverstone, 1961)

Characteristics (12,9-litre, 1908)
Engine: P6, nizhneklapanny
Bore and stroke: 140x140 mm
Displacement: 12,930 cm3
Maximum power: 75 hp
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on the leaf springs
Brakes: Rear drum and transmission
Body: different types of
Maximum speed: 113 km / h
Options Itala 35/40HP Itala 11.1-litre
The machine had the same chassis as the model with 12.9-liter engine, but its motor is characterized by a smaller working volume.
Itala Tipo 61 ("Itala Tipo 61"), 1924-1932
After the First World War, the company hired a designer Itala Kappa to create a completely new car that meets the 20-ies. So a series of Tipo 61, which lasted until the end of the company in 1932
Tipo 61 was an ordinary 2-liter engine with overhead valve engine with polnoopornym crankshaft and an aluminum cylinder block. Supplied with all-wheel brakes, and between the gearbox and rear axle was the drive shaft.
In 1926, the car has power brakes, putting it in a large and technologically advanced models of Hispano-Suiza ("Hispano-Suiza") and Rolls-Royce ("Rolls Royce") of those years. Tipo 61 was a beautiful tourist car, made in the best Italian tradition, but the volume of its sales have not brought the company Itala profit. Could not improve any subsequent sports Tipo 65, or the latest 2.3-liter Tipo 75.

Itala Tipo 61 was one of the latest models of the company. Technically, she had gone far ahead compared to their pre-war predecessors. Sales of cars stopped in 1932

Characteristics (12,9-litre, 1908)
Engine: P6, the overhead
Bore and Stroke: 65x100 mm
Displacement: 1991 cm3
Transmission: 4-speed manual
Chassis: the steel frame
Suspension: dependent on the leaf springs
Brakes: drum
Body: different types of
Maximum speed: 97 km / h
Options Itala Tipo 61 Itala Tipo 65
Tipo 65 (1928-30 gg.) Has become more athletic, having received option 2-liter engine from the Tipo 61 with two overhead camshafts and a new frame that has passed through the rear axle of her spars. This machine speeds up to 129 km / h A total of 150 copies issued.
Itala Tipo 75
Upgraded Tipo 61 long-stroke engine with a sucker rod operated valves (2309 cm3, 70 hp). The latest model of the company Itala.

JAGUAR

2012-03-11T00:09:00.002-08:00

JAGUAR

Although the first cars with Jaguar logo appeared only in 1945, the company's roots go back to the 20-ies. to a small company from Blackpool, producing wheelchairs for motorcycles. Its owners, William Lyons (William Lyons) and William Walmsley (William Walmsley) produced wheelchairs Swallow ("Swallow"). Then they started producing special bodies for passenger cars. At the same time, the company moved to Coventry. The first car "SS" appeared in 1931, a new series of machines, called SS-Jaguar, began producing in 1935, all of them were created by Lyons.

The well-known figure in the frozen jaguar jump was as elegant as the cars William Lyons' 50-60s.
In 1935, Walmsley left the company. At the same time the firm became SS Cars ("Es Es Carzou") with William Lyons as the main shareholder, who retired only in 1972 letters "SS" were deleted from the title in 1945, all cars came to be called simply Jaguar . Developing the company was close to the area Foulshill Coventry. In 1951-52 years. She took on the preservation of the public who is a military factory in Browns Lane Ellesli, which became the headquarters of the company.

Before the Second World War the company was known as the Jaguar SS Cars. The most popular pre-war model - "SS100"

The authority of the Jaguar after the war has grown significantly thanks to the design of cars, modern engine, "HC" and a wonderful sports models such as "HK120". In the mid-50s. It also produced racing and sports cars "C" and "D", which for seven years, won the 24-hour race at Le Mans five times.

In the 60's. the company expanded by acquiring other firms and updating the product range. In 1960 it absorbed Daimler ("Daimler"), and in 1963 - Coventry Stach ("Coventry Klaymeks"), together with Henry Meadows ("Meadows, Henry") and Guy Motors ("Guy Motors").

Probably shinai famous of all Jaguar models "E" to reach a maximum speed of 240 km / h

The first 2.4-liter sedan with a monocoque body turned into a model of "Mk II", "S" and "420". In addition, Jaguar has released a striking sports car and the "E" and a giant sedan "Mk X". Production increased from 10 thousand cars in 1955 to 25 thousand in the mid 60s.

Sir William Lyons, knighted in the mid 50s., Sold his company to concern Navy (Bi-MCG) in 1966 In 1968, Jaguar became part of the group British Leyland ("British Leyland"). In the same year there was a model "XJ6", for her in 1971, came the turn of the engine V12. Annual output jumped to 32.5 thousand cars in the mid 70s., But then the quality and competitiveness of its products had fallen to dangerous levels.

In 1975, Jaguar became part of the state-owned company, and its future seemed bleak for some time. With the advent of a new chairman Sir Michael Edwards (Michael Edwardes) approach to solving problems has become more realistic.

Jaguar XJ220 entered into a limited sale in 1992 so the company entered the market for supercars. "XJ220" was the fastest serial car in the world. Total produced 350 cars

Things have improved in the 80's. by Chairman Sir John Egan (John Egan), 6-cylinder engine "AJ6" (1973) and the privatization of Jaguar in 1984 two years after it was introduced sedan "XJ6" new generation, but there were financial difficulties. The company moved in 1989 under the control of the concern Ford ("Ford"). Having received strong support, Jaguar introduced in the late 90s. a series of "XJ" with engine V8, sports cars, "HK8" sedans and "S".

JENSEN MOTORS

2012-03-11T00:06:00.002-08:00

JENSEN MOTORS

Alan (Alan) and Richard (Richard) Jensen in West Bromwich founded, near Birmingham, the company in its own name for the production of bodies for other manufacturers, but in 1937 they started making their own model car. At first, their production was in its infancy, and depended on the supply of engines, transmissions, and even elements of the suspension.

Jensen Brothers began production of its cars in 1937, but the logo refers to the 50-th years.
There was a firm due to the production of bodies. After the Second World War, it has supplied thousands of machines Austin ("Austin") and Austin-Healey ("Austin-Healey"). In the 60's. Jensen also implemented a complete car assembly Sunbeam Tiger ("Sunbeam Tiger") and a sports coupe Volvo P1800 ("Volvo R1800").

In the 60's. appeared ambitious series cars Interceptor / FF. With their debut, and developed a new logo
In 50-ies. the company has experimented with the model of "PW" with the engine Meadows ("Meadows"), which is in series production and has not got. Then began producing limited quantities of high-speed sports coupe Interceptor ("Intersep-tor") of the first generation. It was followed by a series of "541" and "CV8", both of which differed fiberglass bodies. Like other European manufacturers, Jensen appealed to American engines, using a 1960 Motors Chrysler V8 ("Chrysler").

Since 1965 the company produced Jensen speeds, but heavy sports car "CV8", one of which is shown, and in the picture. With the 60-ies. Company Jensen, like some other European manufacturers began to use the powerful American engines

Expanding production in the 60s. was not accompanied by corresponding profitability. The firm came under the control of Norcross ("Norcross"). At its leadership and the creation of new models and Interceptor "FF" (Ferguson Formula - "Ferguson Formula"), the latter being the world's first serial-wheel-drive passenger car with a clutch Ferguson. The basis of this machine was used long wheelbase version of the Interceptor.

Development of body commissioned in Italy, and a very expensive production equipment company made a long time to manufacture these models in anticipation of the return on investment. By the end of the 60s. with the cessation of production Austin-Healey 3000 and the Sunbeam Tiger of the work at the customer end. It has expanded its production of cars, reaching a record high production volumes for itself.

Undoubtedly, the most famous model was the company's Interceptor. But Italian experts designed body demanded the high cost of equipment, so the return on investment for the car remained in production for many years. Option FF Interceptor was the first in the world of serial four-wheel drive with a clutch Ferguson

In 1968 the firm bought by William Brandt Jensen (William Brandt), but it soon became the new owners Kjell Kvali (Kjell Qvale) and Donald Healey (Donald Healey). As a result, in 1972 there was Mark Jensen-Healey. Due to the energy crisis of 1973-74. company stopped selling. However, until the mid-80s. Jensen released on the orders of some models of Series Interceptor. Part of the company survived until the 90s. and the beginning of a limited edition model Interceptor. Once again, the company emerged in 1998 with a new sports car "S-V8", built at a factory in Reddish.