English

How to make Crispy Hash Brown Recipe

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Ingredients:

3 tbsp olive oil, canola oil or grape seed oil

1 lbRussell backing potatoes, peeled and grated, salt and pepper.

Method:

1. Heat 3 tbsp of oil in a large frying pan on medium heat.

2. Squeeze out as much moisture as you can from the grated potatoes. It's easier to do this with potatoes ricer. If you don't have it you can use paper towel to squeeze it.

Add the grated potatoes on the hot-frying pan, spread them out along the bottom of the pan. Sprinkle some salt and pepper on the potatoes. If they have been fried to golden brown, they are ready for a flip. Continue to cook until they are golden brown on the bottom. Put them on the serving plate. Serve for4 people.

How to make Corn Flour Pudding

2015-05-04T17:07:00.002-07:00

Ingredients:

2000 ml milk

200 gr corn flour

500 gr brown sugar

4 tbs water to dissolve the sugar

1 stick of 10 cm cinnamon

1tbs butter

3 tbs cinnamon for sprinkling

Method:

1. Thoroughly mix milk and corn flour until smooth.

2. Boil brown sugar and water until sugar dissolved, then sieve.

3. Mix brown sugar with the milk, corn flour mixture and cinnamon stick. Add butter and simmer whilst stiffing u1 corn flour become thick

4. Pour into a suitable mould and let it cool.

5. When serving sprinkle with ground cinnamon

Makes: 10-15 portions, best served when cold.

The characteristics of language:

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a. Language is sound or speech: written language is only representation of the spoken language. Spoken language is more important in language.

b. Language has a meaning: differentiate between the meaningful and unmeaningful sound.

c. Language is linier: language comes in series. We can produce different sound with the same time. Contoh: a yang diucapkan terlebih dulu atau u yang diucapkan terlebih dulu, jadi tidak bisa diucapkan secara bersama-sama.

Difference kinds of language:

· Aglutinative language: memperhatikan urutan bahwa Subjek harus lebih dulu dari Verb.

· Inflectional language: ada bahasa Rusia tidak pandang urutan. Contoh Subjek boleh diakhir kalimat, Objek boleh di awal kalimat, Verb boleh di akhir kalimat.

Arab : a=objek; I=milik; U=subjek (terdapat 3 kasus)

Rusia : 6 kasus

Inggris : Pronoun

d. Language has rules: the rules are finite (terbatas), they can produce infinite sentence to express different ideas.

Clausa sentence: unsur utama dalam clausa itu ada satu Subjek and I verb finite.

It and there: tidak menyatakan yang sebenarnya (existence/ formal/ impersomal it/there).

e. Language consists of unit

· Phonetic is not part of linguistics

· Phonetic describes all possible human sounds, tanpa memperhatikan makna.

· Phonology is part of linguistics because in phonology, people study the sound in the certain language assosiated the meaning.

· The units of language: morpheme (morphology), word, phrase, clause, sentence (syntax), discourse.

· Sound: phonology

f. Language is universal

g. Languages are different

Pidgin and Creole Languages

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Originally thought of as incomplete, broken, corrupt, not worthy of serious attention. Pidgins still are marginal: in origin (makeshift, reduced in structure), in attitudes toward them (low prestige); in our knowledge of them.

Some quick definitions:

Pidgin language (origin in Engl. word `business'?) is nobody's native language; may arise when two speakers of different languages with no common language try to have a makeshift conversation. Lexicon usually comes from one language, structure often from the other. Because of colonialism, slavery etc. the prestige of Pidgin languages is very low. Many pidgins are `contact vernaculars', may only exist for one speech event.
Creole (orig. person of European descent born and raised in a tropical colony) is a language that was originally a pidgin but has become nativized, i.e. a community of speakers claims it as their first language. Next used to designate the language(s) of people of Caribbean and African descent in colonial and ex-colonial countries (Jamaica, Haiti, Mauritius, Réunion, Hawaii, Pitcairn, etc.)
Relexification The process of substituting new vocabulary for old. Pidgins may get relexified with new English vocabulary to replace the previous Portuguese vocabulary, etc.

Classroom action research

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What is classroom action research?

Classroom action research begins with a question or questions about classroom experiences, issues, or challenges. It is a reflective process which helps teachers to explore and examine aspects of teaching and learning and to take action to change and improve.

Who is it for?

Any teacher who:

wants to understand more about teaching and learning
wants to develop teaching skills and knowledge
wants to take action to improve student learning

What are the benefits?

provides a framework for trying out different approaches and ideas
helps develop reflective practice
enables teachers to make choices and decisions about their teaching styles
helps develop confidence
helps teachers improve student learning

How to do ... Classroom action research

1 Reflect

Consider your current classroom practice. Think about questions you have about teaching, topics you are interested in, problem areas, or aspects of teaching/learning you are unsure about. Make a list. From your list, decide what you would like to research. To help you decide, think about why you want to do it. What are the benefits to you and your learners? When you have decided, write a research question.

2 Explore

Reflect on your research question. Where can you find information to help you plan your research? It may help you to discuss your question with colleagues. You may need to consult published materials or the Internet for information and ideas. Find out as much as you can about your question topic to help you plan how to do the research.

3 Plan

Draw up an action research plan which states your question, how and why you are going to carry out the research. Things to think about: how long it will take? What tools will you use in your research? How will you record your research? There are different ways of doing research. It can be as simple as just writing down your own reflections after each lesson or it could include questionnaires, observations, audio recordings and so on.

4 Research

Carry out your research using your chosen method. Some tools are:

Peer observation
Teacher diary
Learner feedback
Lesson evaluation
Recording lessons
Reflecting on learners' work
Surveys

Choose the method which best suits your research question.

5 Analyze

This stage helps you to make sense of the data you have collected in your research. It is a process of reflecting on, organizing and reviewing your data to help you answer your research question. What have you found out? What insights have you gained from the research? What does your research show you?

6 Act

Reflect on your results. Look at your teaching practice - what changes will you make?
Take action based on what you found out from your research.

7 Review

When you have implemented changes, it is important to review. How successful were the changes? Do you need to take any follow-up action? Has your research indicated other areas you could explore? In other words, you begin a new reflective cycle.

How to make Besengek Daging

2015-05-01T19:58:00.002-07:00

Ingredients:

500 gr beef

1 onion

1 teaspoon shrimp paste

1/2 red chili pepper

1 teaspoon coriander (ground)

1/2 teaspoon turmeric

30 ml tamarind water

250 ml beef stock

500 ml coconut milk

2 teaspoons sugar

salt to taste

oil for frying

Preparation:

Place the beef in enough water to cover and boil until tender (about 1 hour). Remove from stock and slice after cooling. Chop the onion and fry with the shrimp paste. Add chili, pepper, coriander, turmeric, tamarind, sugar and salt. Let it for a further ¹/2 minute. Then add the beef and stock. Cover pan and simmer for a further 5 minutes. Uncover pan and add the coconut milk. Continue cooking until the sauce thickens.

Can be served on its own or with rice.

How to make Banana Bread Recipe

2015-05-01T19:57:00.003-07:00

Ingredients:

• 3 or 4 ripe bananas, mashed

• 1/3cup melted butter

• 1 cup sugar

• 1 egg, beaten

• 1 teaspoon vanilla

• 1 teaspoon baking soda

• pinch of salt

• 1 ½ cups of all-purpose flour

Method:

Preheat the oven to 350⁰ F (175⁰ C). With a wooden spoon, mix butter with the mashed bananas in a large mixing bowl, add sugar, egg and vanilla. Sprinkle the baking soda and salt over the mixture and mix them. Add the flour, then mix it. Pour mixture into a buttered 4 x 8 inch loaf pan. Bake for 1 hour. Cool on rack then remove it from pan and slice to serve.

Romeo and Juliet

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Romeo and Juliet was tragedy written early in the career of William Shakespeare about two young lovers whose deaths ultimately could unite their feudal families. The play romeo and Juliet is still regarded by many people as one of the most frequently performed plays in the world.

Romeo and Juliet can be grouped into a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot was based on an Italian tale, translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562, and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1582. Shakespeare made adoption and adaptation from both; he developed supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris, in order to expand the plot. The play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare has undergone numerous adaptations or modifications for stage, film, musical and opera.

The life of William Shakespeare

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Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, who gave him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later known as the King’s Men. He retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later.

Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborates with other playwrights.

Ballads

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Ballads can be defined as simple narrative poems, in short stanzas of two or four lines. In the past, some writers of ballads did not mention their names, and in the long run, people could not know who were the writers of certain ballads. Those ballads were called popular ballads or folk ballads. Popular ballads were continually written by people from the Anglo-Saxon period until the 17^th century. In the history of English literature, we can mention some authors who wrote literary ballads; among others were John Keats and Tennyson who lived in the 19^th century. Ballads were very popular among the English society because the stories of the ballads were interesting and touching the hearts of common people.

GERUND AND GERUND PHRASE

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GERUND AND GERUND PHRASE (GP)

- Gerund is the ing-form verb which functions as a noun.

- The position of gerund is :

as a subject of sentence, a complement, an object of sentence, and an object of

preposition (after prepositions)

- Gerund Phrase is gerund plus object, complement or adverb.

e.g. Reading is a good hobby. (gerund as a subject)

My hobby is reading. (gerund as a complement)

She likes reading. (gerund as an object)

She is interested in reading. (gerund as an object of preposition)

Reading magazines is a good hobby. (gerund phrase as a subject)

My hobby is reading magazines . (gerund phrase as a complement)

She likes reading magazines. (gerund phrase as an object)

She is interested in reading magazines. (gerund phrase as an object of preposition)

Finite and Non Finite verb

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Finite and Non Finite verb

- A finite verb is a verb in a sentence which potentially changes if the tense of the

sentence is changed from present to past or if the subject is changed from they,

we, I, you or plural noun to he, she it, or singular noun and vice versa. A sentence

must have a finite verb.

- A non finite verb is a verb which does not change if the tense of the sentence is

changed from present to past or if the subject is changed from they, we, I, you or

plural noun to he, she it, or singular noun and vice versa.

Examples:

01. He goes everyday. (goes is a finite verb)

I go ……

He went …….

02. She can speak English well. (can = finite, speak = non finite)

She could speak ……..

03. She has been studying for two hours. (has = finite, been = non finite, studying = nonfinite)

04. I want to go now. (want = finite, to go = non finite)

She wants to go ……..

I wanted to go………

05. She has written the letter. ( has= finite, written = non finite)

I have written……….

I had written……

06. His mother wants him to study in Singapore. (wants = finite Verb, to study = non finite verb)

07. I let him go. (let = finite verb, go = non finite verb)

She lets him go.

08. The teacher has the students study hard. (has = finite verb, study = non finite verb)

09. They are learning English. (are = finite verb, learning = non finite verb)

10. She must work hard. (must = finite verb, work = non finite verb)

Although must does not have its own past form (the past is had to), must is still called finite verb in sentence 10 because it is potentially to be changed to past form. Work, like other verbs coming after modal is non finite verb because work will not change although the sentence is changed to past tense.

- The non finite verbs are

1. Stem (bentuk asli),

2. V.III,

3. V.ing,

4. to infinitive

DANGLING MODIFIERS

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DANGLING MODIFIERS

The subject of the main clause must be the same as the understood subject of the introductory phrase. In other words, the introductory phrase modifies the subject of the main clause.

Introductory Phrase Main Clause

Looking at his watch, Mr. Jones got up and left.

Subject

Who looked at his watch? Mr. Jones

Who got up and left? Mr. Jones

Introductory Phrase Main Clause

Compared to his father, John is a tall man.

Subject

Who is compared to his father ? John

Who is a tall man? John

Introductory Phrase Main Clause

To make a collect phone call, Mary must speak to the operator.

Subject

Who is making a collect phone call? Mary

Who must speak to the operator? Mary

Introductory Phrase Main Clause

While a dancer in New York, Kathy injured her leg.

Subject

Who was a dancer in New York? Kathy

Who injured her leg? Kathy

Error Examples:

A. WRONG: Running home from school, a dog bit me.

RIGHT: Running home from school, I was bitten by a dog.

B. WRONG: When only a child, my father took me to the circus.

RIGHT: When only a child, I was taken to the circus by my father.

C. WRONG: Hidden in his pocket, George left the room with the key.

RIGHT: Having hidden the key in his pocket, George left the room.

D. WRONG: To understand the directions, they must be read carefully.

RIGHT: To understand the directions, one must read them carefully.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

TYPES OF CONDITIONS	VERB FORM IN THE “IF CLAUSE”	VERB FORM IN THE “RESULT CLAUSE”	(a) If I have enough time, I will write to my parents. (b) If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on a picnic
Real condition (It is used for possible situation)	Simple present	Present future
Unreal condition in present time	Simple past	Would + simple form	(c) If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents. ( In truth, I do not have enough time, so I will not write to them.) (d) If I were you, I would accept their invitation. ( In truth, I am not you. ) Note: Were* is used for both singular and plural.*
Unreal condition in the past	Past perfect	Would have + past participle	(e) If I had had enough time, I would have written to my parents yesterday. ( In truth, I did not have enough time, so I did not write to them.)

learn clause

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CLAUSES

Terms:

Clause : a clause is a group of words containing a subject and finite verb.

Independent Clause : An independent clause is a clause which can make a sentence by

itself.

Dependent clause : A dependent clause is a clause which cannot stand by itself. It

must be connected to an independent clause.

- Noun clause

- Adjective clause

- Adverb clause

Noun clause

Noun clause is a dependent clause which functions as a noun. A noun clause is used in the same ways as a noun. A noun clause can become the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.

Examples:

His story was interesting. (Noun phrase as a subject)

What he said was interesting. (Noun clause as a subject)

S V C

I heard his story. (Noun phrase as an object)

I heard what he said. ( Noun clause as an object)

S V O

This is a book. (Noun phase as a complement)

This is what you want. (Noun clause as a complement)

S V C

Noun Clause Derived from Wh Question

QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE

Where does she live? (a) I don’t know where she lives.

What did he say? (b) I could not hear what he said.

When do they arrive? (c) Do you know when they arrive?

Who lives there? (d) I don’t know who lives there.

What happened? (e) Please tell me what happened.

Who is at the door? (f) I wonder who is at the door.

Who is she? (g) I don’t know who she is.

Who are those men? (h) I don’t know who those men are.

Whose house is that? (I ) I wonder whose house that is.

What did she say? (j) What she said surprised me.

What should they do? (k) What they should do is obvious.

YES/NO QUESTION NOUN CLAUSE

Will she come? (a) I don’t know whether she will come.

I don’t know if she will come.

(b) I wonder whether or not she will come.

I wonder whether she will come or not.

I wonder if she will come or not.

important to me

Does she need help? (d) I wonder whether she needs help.

I wonder if she needs help.

STATEMENT NOUN CLAUSE

He is a good student. (a) I think that he is a good student.

I think he is a good student.

The world is round (b) That the world is round is a fact.

It is a fact that the world is round.

vocabularies"part of plant"

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part of plant : bagian tumbuhan

- root : akar

- stem : tangkai

- trunk : batang

- branch : cabang

- twig : ranting

- bark : kulit kayu

- thorn : duri

- leaves : daun

- fruit : buah

- seed : biji

- bud : kuncup

- petal : daun bunga/kelopak

- sepal : kelopak daun

- stamen : benang sari

- fleck : bintik-bintik pada bunga

- pistil : putik

vocabularies "plants"

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Plants

- aloe-vera : lidah buaya

- orchid : anggrek

- water lily : teratai

- sun flower : bunga matahari

- jasmine : melati

- fruit : buah-buahan

- shrub : semak belukar

- bush : semak-semak

- herbs : tanaman obat

- teak tree : pohon jati

- fir tree : pohon cemara

- fern : pohon paku/pakis

- moss/mildew : lumut

- palm tree : pohon palem

- cacti : kaktus

- guava : jambu

- soursop : sirsak

- lychee : kelengkeng

- jack fruit : nangka

- succulent : buah yg mengandung banyak air

- pea : kacang-kacangan

vocabularies "part of animals"

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Part of animals : bagian-bagian binatang

- trunk : belalai

- tusk/ivory : gading

- skin : kulit

- glabrous skin : kulit gundul

- hairy skin : kulit berambut

- nail : kuku

- claw : cakar

- spine : duri

- bone : tulang

- flesh : daging

- skull : tengkorak

- bill/beak : paruh

- talon : cakar burung

- scale : sisik

- fins : sirip

- gill : insang

- tail : ekor

- nostril : lubang hidung

- fluid : cairan tubuh

- paddle : ekor bentuknya seperti pedal ( ikan paus/hiu)

- blubber : bagian berlemak

- belly : perut bagian bawah

- wing : sayap

- claw : cakar

- fang : taring

- poison/venom : racun/bisa

- chrysalis : kepompong

- snout : moncong

- sting : sengat

- feeler : sungut

- hump : punuk

- forelimb : kaki depan

- spur : jalu

- fur : bulu rambut

- feather : buku ayam

- pelt/skin : kulit

adverbial clause

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Adverbial Clause

An adverb clause is a dependent clause which functions as an adverb. It modifies

the main clause.

Words used to introduce adverb clauses

Time Cause and Effect Opposition Condition

After because even though if

Before since although unless

When as though even if

While so (that)

As in order that whereas

By the time while

Since

As long as

whenever

adjective clause

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Adjective clause (adj.CL)

A clause is a group of words which has a subject and a finite verb.

An adjective clause is a clause which functions as an adjective or a clause which

modifies the noun in front of it.

e.g. The man who teaches English, The book which you bought

det. H post.m (adj.Cl) det. H post.m (adj. Cl)

- Present participial Phrase/Ving (pres.p)

e.g. The man standing there, the student sleeping in my room.

Det. H Post.m. (pres.p) det. H post.m (pres.p)

- Past participial Phrase/V.3 (past.P)

e.g. The play written by Shakespeare , The car made in Japan

det. H post.m (past.p) det H post. M (past.p)

Adjective Clause

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. An adjective

clause is also called a relative clause.

The relative pronouns used in adjective clauses are:

Subject à who/that (human)

which/that (non human)

Object à whom/that (human)

which/that (non human)

Possessive à whose

Examples:

I thanked the woman

She helped me.

I thanked the woman who (that) helped me.

The man was Mr. Jones.

I saw him

The man whom I saw was Mr. Jones.

The book is mine.

It is on the table.

The book which (that) is on the table is mine.

The movie wasn’t very good.

We saw it last night.

The movie which(that) we saw last night wasn’t very good.

I know the man.

His bicycle was stolen.

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

contoh teks bhs inggris narative"a shepered"

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A Shepered

A shepherd took his sheep out to pasture, but when it was time to return to the sheep pen, he found that some wild goats had become mixed up with his flock. Nonetheless, he was very pleased that the flock had grown by itself, and he closed the goats into the pen along with the sheep.

The next day was rainy and the shepherd decided not to go out. He gave his sheep only a small handful of food, while he gave much bigger rations to the goats. He thought that if he treated them well, they would stay with him. In spite of this, as soon as the shepherd opened the gate, the goats ran out and he was unable to catch them again.

"Ungrateful beasts," shouted the shepherd after them." I treated you better than the other!"

"That's why we're going," answered one of the goats. "If you prefer us new animals to your sheep, how will you treat us if you find some more animals in your flock?"

So do not be too happy if someone shows you that they prefer you to their old friends. You too will soon be an old friend and could be replaced just as easily.

contoh teks bhs inggris narative

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A Donkey And A Lapdog

Once a farmer owned a donkey and a lapdog. The donkey worked hard all day, hauling heavy loads. The lapdog stayed with his master all day, and lived in the house I, with him. He did not work, but was allowed to sit on the master's lap. The donkey grew jealous of the lapdog.

Perhaps if I behave like the dog, like wag my tail and jump on the master, the master will start loving me as much as he does the dog. So the donkey decided to wait for his chance.

One day, when he was left unattended, the donkey broke his halter and ran into the farmhouse kitchen. There the farmer sat at table. The donkey rushed up to him and began wagging his tail vigorously, and knocked off all the china from the table. He then started jumping around and frolicking like a little dog, and finally planked himself down on the farmer's lap. The shocked farmer yelled for help. The farmhands came running in and dragged the donkey off to his stable, and gave him a beating he did not forget for the rest of his life.

Modal verbs

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A modal verb is a verb that is used before another verb to express meanings such as
ability, permission, possibility, necessity or advice.
The modal verbs are can, could,may, might,must, ought, shall, should, will and
would. Need and used to can follow some of the grammar patterns of modal verbs,
but are also used like ordinary verbs. For more information about any modal verb,
look in the dictionary at the entry for the word.
The grammar of modal verbs
• they are usually followed by an infinitive without to
You should thank him
~~You should to thank him.~~
• there is no ‘s’ for the third person singular
he must, she must, it must
• they have no infinitive or -ing form
~~I would like to can go.~~
• they cannot follow another verb.
~~I want to can sleep tonight.~~
• they are not used in future, perfect or continuous tenses
~~they will might be angry.~~

Example modal verb: can
Look at the extract on the right
which is based on what is in the
dictionary. From the guidewords,we
can see that the modal verb can is
used to describe the following ideas:
• ability
• permission
• request
• possibility
• polite offers of help
Look at the example sentences.
Notice that
• The forms of can for you and she
are the same: you can, she can
• When you use modal verbs in
questions or negatives you do not
use auxiliary verbs such as do or
have: Can you drive?

can (ABILITY) modal verb
to be able to
Can you drive?
She can speak four languages.
can (PERMISSION) modal verb
INFORMAL to be allowed to, either by general
or personal permission
You can park over there.
You can have a piece of cake if you eat your
vegetables!
can (REQUEST) modal verb
INFORMAL used informally to request something
If you see Adrian, can you tell him (= please tell
him) I’m in London next weekend?
can (POSSIBILITY) modal verb
used to express possibility in the present,
although not in the future
You can get stamps from the local newsagents.
can (OFFER) modal verb
used in polite offers of help
Can I help you with those bags?

source : Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 3rd edition
© Cambridge University Press 2008

English

How to make Crispy Hash Brown Recipe

How to make Corn Flour Pudding

The characteristics of language:

Pidgin and Creole Languages

Classroom action research

How to make Besengek Daging

How to make Banana Bread Recipe

Romeo and Juliet

The life of William Shakespeare

Ballads

GERUND AND GERUND PHRASE

Finite and Non Finite verb

DANGLING MODIFIERS

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Real condition

Simple present

Present future

Simple past

Would + simple form

learn clause

vocabularies"part of plant"

vocabularies "plants"

vocabularies "part of animals"

adverbial clause

adjective clause

contoh teks bhs inggris narative"a shepered"

contoh teks bhs inggris narative

Modal verbs