Syed Akbar Journalist

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - India regains supremacy in the world of medicine

2009-11-08T19:30:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
The Indian tradition of medical excellence pre-dates the advent of writing. Dhanwantari, Sushruta and Charaka gave the knowledge of Ayurveda to the world. Ancient Indian medical theses include those on
internal medicine, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, surgery, toxicology, psychiatry, paediatrics and the science of rejuvenation and fertility.
In ancient India, two main schools emerged - Atreya - of physicians and Dhanwantari - of surgeons. The earliest international scholars of medicine came to Indian Ayurvedic schools: Chinese, Greeks, Romans,
Egyptians, Afghanis Ayurvedic texts were translated into Arabic.
Paracelsus, the father of modern Western medicine, practised a system of medicine in 16th century Europe, which borrowed heavily from Ayurveda.
Such was the development and the trust of people in the efficacy of Indian system of medicine that a doctor is considered a divine incarnate. - Viadyo Narayano Hari.
It is an Indian legacy that flourishes till today with medicine men of Indian origin leading the field in innovation, public health and teaching.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 1: Dr Chittaranjan S Ranawat, knee surgeon

2009-11-08T19:24:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Remember the orthopaedic surgeon, who had come down all the way from the USA in 2000 to operate upon then prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee? Meet Dr Chittaranjan S Ranawat, the world renowned orthopaedic surgeon, researcher, developer and inventor. He holds half a dozen patents for his technological inventions that had made knee replacement surgeries quite an easy task for surgeons everywhere.
Dr Ranawat hails from Sarwania in Madhya Pradesh. Last year he developed rotating platform flexion, which has been hailed as a major technological advancement in knee replacement surgeries. The product, made
from superior plastics, is ideal for non-obese people. It does not wear out easily and ensures implant stability.
"I am dedicated to research and development of new methods to diagnose and treat arthritis from all causes. My goal has been to improve existing total joint technology and the knowledge of the disease process," points out Dr Ranawat.

A clinical professor of orthopaedic surgery at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Dr Ranawat also doubles up as the director of Ranawat Orthopaedic Center at Lenox Hill Hospital. His focus areas have
been total hip and knee replacement and primary and revision total joint surgery.
He established Ranawat Foundation in 1986 to carry on his research activity. He has punished 92 research works on hip, 89 works on knee and more than 90 research publications on other topics including hand, wrist, shoulder and cervical spine.
Explaining how his research has been helping patients relieve themselves of the knee pain, he says "one of our most recent projects involves pain reduction after joint replacement surgery using a series of intra-operative
injections into the soft tissue with selected medications to control post-operative pain."
Dr Ranawat also focuses on the use of MRI scans as a non-invasive tool to detect wear-induced implant failure. At present patients are exposed to the risk of radiation using X-rays and CT scans to detect the failure. "By studying the implants themselves, we hope to design the best possible hip and knee implant for maximum mobility, function and durability," he adds.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 2: Dr Manjit S Bains, mesothelioma expert

2009-11-08T19:21:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Millions of people all over the world suffer from a form of cancer called mesothelioma, and many of them look towards Dr Manjit S Bains as their Messiah. Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos and Dr Manjit Bains is a world authority from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in New York, on this form of cancer.
A thoracic surgeon par excellence, Dr Manjit Bains is also famous for his clinical expertise in thoracic surgical oncology, lung cancer, oesophageal cancer, mediastinal tumours, pulmonary metastases, video-assisted thoracic surgery, pulmonary and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, including laser endoscopy, and tracheobronchial and oesophageal stents.

"I am a medical graduate from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi," he says with a bit of pride. After he settled down in the USA, he took up studies, surgeries and research on mesothelioma. Today he is credited with dozens of mesothelioma resources around the world. He has authored several books on cancer and successfully dealt with severely complicated kinds of thoracic cancers, earning accolades from leading research institutions and patients alike.
Dr Manjit Bains, who has completed four decades in the profession, has been included in the panel of about two dozen professional societies around the world. He has to his credit 150 research publications and books on cancers.
He has mastered the art of lung cancers, some of which requires removal of the entire lung along with partial removal of other organs. "We have been studying the resection and reconstruction of the chest wall," in cases of mesothelioma.
The pioneering research work carried out by him revealed that the use of a rigid prosthesis is possibly better but should only be done to patients who have gone through a rigorous selection process. He is also credited with research on the survival rate of cancer patients who are treated with pleurectomy (removal of outermost layer around the lung) rather than extrapleural pneumonectomy (removal of portions of lungs and outermost lung layer).

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 3: Dr V Shanta, cancer specialist, Adyar Cancer Institute

2009-11-08T19:17:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Magsaysay awardee Dr V Shanta is hope personified for millions of cancer patients in the country. In the last five decades, this untiring crusader against cancer rekindled hope, joy and the will to live in patients.
As chairperson of the famous Adyar Cancer Institute in Chennai, Dr Shanta is credited for her pioneering research in oncology, and prevention and cure of cancer.
She is also a leader in popularising early cancer detection programme and has set up India's first hereditary cancer clinic. She also opened tobacco cessation clinic, after her research studies revealed that cancers of the mouth, throat, oesophagus, and lungs are quite high among men and those of the breast and cervix among women. One in five women in the world who suffer from cervical cancer is an Indian.

Noticing her specialisation in cancer, the World Health Organisation nominated her to its advisory committee. Inspired by her maternal uncle Dr Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar and her grandfather’s brother Sir CV Raman, both Nobel laureates, Dr Shanta too up cancer research. A profound believer in "Supreme Power", she attributes her success and service to the "grace of God" and "faith in her mission".
Dr Shanta is known for her groundbreaking research on oral, cervical, and breast cancer and paediatric leukaemia. At 78, Dr Shanta is quite active and treats cancer patients, performing surgeries and carrying on the research. "There is much more to do," she says, even as she attends to her patients.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 4: Dr Mani Lal Bhaumik, excimer laser surgery

2009-11-08T19:15:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
If you are suffering from short- or long-sightedness and yet do not want to wear glasses or contact lenses, your eye doctor will suggest that you undergo excimer laser surgery. It is an innovative technology that eliminates the need for wearing external eye aids to correct vision defects.
Excimer laser is used the world over and millions of people have benefited from it. They no longer wear glasses or contact lenses. And the credit goes to our own Indian Dr Mani Lal Bhaumik, researcher,
physicist, philanthropist and author.

His excimer invention won him 15 patents and made him a billionaire. He is one of the few Indians listed in the Who’s Who in America and in the Who’s who in the World, as also in the American Men and Women in
Science.
He believes that the recipe of success lies in the indomitable will to do something. Dr Mani Lal discovered the world's first efficient excimer laser, which takes less than a minute to correct vision defects like short or
long sight. Reaching the summit of glory was not an easy task for this young Bengali, who had to walk six km barefoot to the nearest school.
Inventor Mani Lal has an author in him too. His book, "The Cosmic Detective" is the best-seller in its class. He believes that science and spirituality are just two faces of the same coin. "This coin is the unique human consciousness that allows us to perceive both ourselves and objective reality," he argues.
His latest book, Code Name God, also a best-seller, emphasizes that the chasm between science and spirituality can be bridged.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 5: Dr Naresh Kumar Trehan, cardiologist

2009-11-08T19:12:00.001+05:30

By Syed Akbar
A pioneer in the field of coronary artery bypass surgery, Dr Naresh Kumar Trehan has performed about 50,000 open heart surgeries. Today he is regarded as the king of open heart surgeries, including end stages
cases, in India. His reputation extends beyond national boundaries to the United States of America and the United Kingdom.
Soft spoken and simple-looking Dr Naresh Trehan held important academic and clinical positions in the New York University Medical Centre, Bellevue Hospital, New York, and Veterans Administration Hospital, Manhattan, USA.

He is famous world-wide for perfecting the art of minimally invasive robotically controlled cardiac surgery. Dr Naresh Trehan has operated upon thousands of VVIPs and business tycoons. To him also goes the credit of performing more than 10,000 beating heart surgeries, which even expert doctors in the USA and the UK, think twice before doing it.
Hailing from Punjab, Dr Naresh Trehan feels that Punjabis are perhaps the best suited for cardiac operations. "We Punjabis have the power to withstand the trauma of heart surgery. It is a risky proposition," he says. Incidentally, Punjab is one of the three States in the country with high risk of heart ailments.
While many Indian doctors prefer to stay abroad for professional reasons, Dr Naresh Trehan returned to India in 1988, despite a successful career in United States. He started Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, which in a short span of time became an important landmark the world over in cardiac surgery and cardiology.
Dr Naresh Trehan shows keen interest in research and education. He has to his credit a number of research works presented at international medical meets in about a dozen countries.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 6: Dr KM Cherian, cardiologist and transplant surgeon

2009-11-08T19:07:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Dr KM Cherian is the first and only Indian doctor, whose name is engraved in one of the stones in Kos Island, Greece, the birth place of Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine. Dr Cherian’s life is a saga dedicated to the world of cardiology and he has several firsts to his credit.
"My entry into the profession is purely providential," he says and his achievements have been "ordained". Like all those who are at the summit, he does not think he is on the top of the field "except that I had the opportunity to perform several first cardiac surgeries and transplants in the country".

Always busy with his patients and surgeries, Dr Cherian wishes he had free time for other activities. This affable doctor from Chennai has to his credit the first successful coronary artery graft, mitral valve replacement for endomyocardial fibrosis, introduction of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest for correction of cardiac defects in infants, and first internal mammary artery graft, in India.
Dr Cherian, who studied medicine in India, Australia, New Zealand and the US, also introduced cardioplegia for myocardial preservation in India and undertook transatrial repair of tetralogy of fallot, transatrial and repair of double outlet right ventricle. He also performed the first heart transplant, first bilateral lung transplant, first pediatric heart transplant, first auto transplant and first heart and lung transplant, in India after the Central government introduced legislation on brain death cases.
He disagrees that all Indians do brilliantly. "Unless those Indians, who have achieved are motivated, hard working and committed". Brilliance is not a birth right or a national asset as Einstein once said "Brilliance is 99 per cent perspiration and 1 per cent inspiration".

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 7: Dr Pradip Kumar Datta, FRCS teacher of doctors

2009-11-08T19:03:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
If thousands of doctors the world over have taken their first step on the career ladder of medicine, it’s thanks to Dr Pradip Kumar Datta. He is famous for his world renowned course in medicine which he launched in 1981. In recognition of his services to medical teaching, he has been awarded the Farquharson Award by the Royal College of Surgeons.
He conducts postgraduate surgical courses in the UK and India. And when he gets some spare time he goes salmon and trout fishing. Dr Pradip Datta was appointed as Consultant Surgeon, the top position that one can reach in National Health Service, UK.
Hailing from Visakhapatnam, he left India in 1967 to discover that it was difficult for Indian doctors to pass the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. He then decided to set up training for FRCS course and gained an international reputation for supporting students to develop the confidence they needed to impress examiners at the FRCS.
A humble Dr Pradip Datta, however, does not accept the fact that he has attained the highest pinnacle in the medical teaching profession. "I would never dream of ever saying or even thinking that I am the
best doctor in the field. That would be very arrogant, not to mention conceited".
Dr Pradip Datta, a general surgeon by profession, served as the honorary secretary of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Dr Datta does not benefit financially from his teaching as he gives donations and fees to charities. "I chose general surgery as my speciality as it gave me an opportunity to see patients with very
different conditions and to treat and operate on a wide range of surgical cases".
This doctor-teacher from Andhra Medical College in Visakhapatnam feels that Indians are doing so well because they are in general very hardworking and motivated. "This is not only in the field of medicine
but also in other spheres. This is true abroad as it is in India as well".

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 8: Prof K Srinath Reddy, cardiologist and public health expert

2009-11-08T18:59:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
A clinical cardiologist and epidemiologist by training, Prof K Srinath Reddy is internationally renowned for his unstinting services to public health and rare career commitment to preventive cardiology.
Prof Srinath Reddy has several outstanding feats to his credit as a cardiologist and public health expert, but argues that unlike in competitive sports, one cannot ever claim to be on the top, in the field of medicine. Nevertheless, he agrees that "my work has won national and international recognition in the past 16 years".
Inspired by Dr Norman Bethune, a Canadian doctor who served in China, he decided to contribute lifelong, as a health professional, "to improve the lives of people and help to create a healthier India".
Prof Srinath Reddy graduated from Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad and later trained at AIIMS, Delhi. Before he took up the present task of presidentship of the Public Health Foundation of India, he headed
the cardiology department at AIIMS.
He has been involved in several major international and national research studies including the INTERSALT global study of blood pressure and electrolytes, on epidemiology of coronary heart disease and community control of rheumatic heart disease and on risk factors of myocardial infarction.
"A good doctor needs competence, commitment and conscientiousness in professional work while combining care, courtesy and compassion in dealing with patients and their families. I have tried to imbibe and apply these attributes in my work," says simple-looking Prof Srinath Reddy.
Always busy with his profession, he reads books, listen to music and watch old English and Hindi films whenever he gets "free" time. He has served on many WHO expert panels. He has also served as chair of the
scientific council on epidemiology of the World Heart Federation. He has more than 210 scientific publications. He was conferred Padma Bhushan. The Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, UK, conferred on him the award of the Queen Elizabeth Medal.
"Indians are quick learners usually," he says adding "but not always, apply themselves diligently to the completion of any task they take up". They also have the capacity for lateral thinking, which helps them to become effective problem solvers.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 9: Dr D Nageshwar Reddy, gastroenterologist

2009-11-08T18:54:00.000+05:30

By Syed Akbar
When one thinks of gastroenterology, the first name that pops to mind is Dr D Nageshwar Reddy. From being just one of the many professors of gastroenterology two decades ago, Dr Nageshwar Reddy carved out a niche, through research, utmost patient care and dedication, in this area of medicine.
Today he is the best Indian doctor in gastroenterology and the most sought-after worldwide. When he gets free time, he reads books on philosophy, science and evolution.
"The centre of my universe is the patient," he says and it’s this single principle that has earned him name and fame, both at national and international level. "Only when we constantly think of ways to improve care of our patients and work hard at it, can we reach the top of any branch of medicine," he adds.
Being at the top in this select field, Dr Nageshwar Reddy feels that humility and compassion are two other characteristics that doctors require to excel in medicine. "Team work is very important," he points out.
Stating that it took about 15 years to reach the top in the field, Dr Nageshwar Reddy says he selected gastroenterology as the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases is very high in India.
He graduated from Kurnool Medical College in 1978 and obtained a PG degree in medicine from Madras Medical College in 1982 and specialisation in gastroenterology in 1984 from Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.
A busy doctor he is, Dr Nageshwar Reddy and his team see over 200 outpatients and 250 inpatients. He is credited with a breakthrough in endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, gallstones and pancreatitis.
He bagged a number of national and international awards which include Dr BC Roy Award for development of specialities, Padmasri, and the Master Endoscopist Award, the highest award in endoscopy, equivalent
to Nobel Prize in endoscopy.
He feels that Indians are doing so brilliantly because Indians are innately intelligent and willing to work hard, much harder than an average westerner.

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 10: Dr Rangaswamy Srinivasan, Lasik co-inventor

2009-11-08T18:48:00.001+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Dr Rangaswamy Srinivasan co-invented the process of LASIK surgery, a laser process that allows the removal of soft tissue from anywhere in the human body with a precision that was unknown before. He developed a technique called "Ablative Photo Decomposition " in 1981, not in a hospital, but at the IBM Research Centre.
He is a research physician who works on inventing techniques to improve not only surgical methods but also processes used in the making of computer chips. This inventor loves reading books on history, particularly
Indian history, and listens to music.

"When the potential of APD in surgery was announced by IBM in 1983, surgeons came to my lab to see what I could do to help their speciality. One of the first was an ophthalmic surgeon from Columbia University. Together we developed the surgical procedure which is today known as LASIK."
Dr Srinivasan, who obtained his early education in Chennai, is the first person of Indian origin to be inducted into the inventors hall of fame in Akron, USA for discovery of Lasik and yet he says, "it will be just a boast to
say I am the best doctor in this field".
"Indians are doing brilliantly everywhere in the world whenever and wherever they get the opportunity. The tragedy is that these people (including me) have to emigrate in order to find that opportunity. After my Ph. D., I did return to India and I did find a job at one of the leading government research centres.
But the pace of the work there and the red-tape not to mention the hierarchical arrangements were so discouraging that I left after just eight months in order to seek my opportunities abroad".

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 11: Dr Santosh G Honavar, retinoblastoma specialist

2009-11-08T18:37:00.002+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Retinoblastoma is a major eye cancer, which leads to blindness. Managing the problem requires a lot of expertise, patience and dedication. Dr Santosh GHonavar is a rare blend of a clinician and a scientist. The comprehensive multispecialty children’s eye cancer centre, which he established, is now recognised as one of the best in the world. He has contributed more than 125 research papers to various national and international magazines.
His outstanding work on retinoblastoma notwithstanding, Dr Honavar does not feel that he is on the top of the field. "The moment one assumes this, he has lost it!," he says, adding "like a duck in water, one has to
paddle hard to even stay at the same place in the field of medicine".

Dr Honavar loves music but says he has chosen ophthalmic plastic surgery and ocular oncology, because it provides all the excitement of being a surgeon, and also the sense of fulfilment of being able to restore the
patient’s appearance as in ophthalmic plastic surgery; and salvage life, eye and vision as in ocular oncology.
Simple looking Dr Honavar has made a mark of his own in the fields of tumours of the ocular surface, orbit, retinoblastoma, and paediatric lachrymal disorders. The worth of Dr Honavar’s scientific work can be gauged by his cumulative citation index of 617, H Index of 16 and G Index of 22. He is a recipient of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award.
He feels that Indians, specifically those who have received their initial medical education in India are doing well in medical specialities probably because of their extensive training background and exposure to a vast range of pathology. "We Indians fancy gadgets and techniques and tend to do very well in performing surgical procedures that the others have invented, may be even much better than the inventor, because of the vast volume that we have to hone our skills with."

Indian doctors: Hall of fame - Part 12: Prof Jatin P Shah, head and neck surgery expert

2009-11-08T18:25:00.004+05:30

By Syed Akbar
Head and neck surgery is a highly specialised art of medicine. Given the most important and sensitive organs they contain, many doctors shudder at the very thought of specialising in it. But Professor Jatin P Shah feels quite at ease as he scalpels through the head and neck of his patients with 100 per cent success.
Today he is arguably the best Indian doctor and authority in the field of head and neck surgery in the West. But Prof Jatin Shah is full of humility when he refuses to accept it. "One should never consider as being on "top of the field" since it implies that further growth has stopped. I believe one should continue to strive to be at the top of the field throughout one’s active life" he points out.
That Prof Jatin Shah takes head and neck surgery with a passion is evident when he confides, "it is not work for me but it is simply joy and pleasure and it is my means of recreation and relaxation. Thus, it is my life and soul."

Prof Jatin Shah graduated from the medical college of MS University in Vadodara, and received his training in surgical oncology and head and neck surgery at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. He is a national and international leader in the field of head and neck surgery. Ask him why he has chosen oncology (cancer), he says "I had also a personal reason for getting attracted to this field since I lost my father to lung cancer".
He founded The International Federation of Head and Neck Oncologic Societies, in 1986. He received many international awards including honorary fellowships from The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh,
London and Australia. But he likes to share credit with his vast team, which includes expert cancer surgeons, specialist-scientists and paramedical staff.
Explaining why Indians excel outside, Prof Jatin Shah observes, "when we move to the more affluent western world, which offers an environment conducive to productivity, and creates a milieu for one to be creative and
productive, we seize the opportunity and excel". The combination of excellent education, outstanding work ethics and sheer hard work has led numerous Indians to perform brilliantly.
Prof Jatin Shah is a much sought-after speaker with visiting professorships in 32 countries including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan and China. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, and world leadership in head and neck surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, has established "Jatin Shah Chair in Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology".
And what the Professor does when he is free? "Head and neck surgery is my pride and passion. Thus, it occupies my mind and my body."

Toxicity of GM Foods: Is Bt brinjal safe for human consumption?

2009-11-05T17:55:00.002+05:30

2009

By Syed Akbar

Four thousand years after it entered the Indian kitchen, all time favourite brinjal may soon shed its traditional flavour. With the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee giving its nod for the genetically modified or Bt brinjal for human consumption, doubts are being expressed about the very survival of the native brinjal varieties.

India is the home to about 2500 varieties of brinjal, all native to the land. Unlike tomato and potato, which

entered the Indian soil in the last 100 years, brinjal has been under cultivation for about four millennia. When the Bt brinjal enters the mass cultivation phase in India, it will become the first GM food crop approved for human consumption.

"The mouth-watering bagara baigan or baigan ka bharta may not be the same again. Once the genetically modified or Bt brinjal is introduced, the centuries old Indian cuisine may undergo a change. GM crops, though give better yields, will rob off taste. There are other environmental concerns too," cautions senior geneticist Dr MM Khaja.Though the USA and other Western countries have approved GM foods like Bt soya and Bt maize, they are primarily meant for animal feed. Those who are against GM crops argue that since GM crops are a new phenomenon, the long time side effects on human health are yet to be understood.

"Tinkering with Nature does have catastrophic effects not only on environment but also on the health of man and animals. The injection of Bt gene from a soil bacteria into food stuff may lead to mutations in human body, may be at a later date. The GEAC should have conducted safety studies for at least a decade before declaring Bt brinjal safe for human use," points out Ch Venkatasubbaiah, who runs an environmental group against GM foods.

Thanks to its ubiquitous use in the Indian kitchen, brinjal has the distinction of being the second highest

consumed vegetable in the country, after potato. The crop is grown over 5.50 lakh hectares providing

livelihood to a little over 15 lakh farmers and about 50 lakh vegetable vendors. Indians consume about one

crore tonnes of brinjal, 25 per cent of the world's total consumption. At stake is about Rs 10,000 crore

worth of native brinjal production and priceless biodiversity.

Those in favour of Bt technology argue that GM brinjal will become a boon for the average Indian farmer,

since it will improve the overall production, quality and taste of the vegetable by preventing it from its

common pest. There's no need of spraying of pesticide and this will enhance the quality of the product,

besides improving its taste.

Infants are always considered as a high-risk group and the effects of such novel food items like Bt brinjal needs to be checked for their effects on infants. No such study was done in the case of Bt brinjal. The Royal Society of London has in the past expressed concern in this regard - Greenpeace.

The private seed company that is coming out with Bt brinjal has selected some mammals and birds for poison studies and claims that no toxicity was found in the lab animals. It is yet to be used on humans and only time will tell whether it will prove toxic on human beings.

Internationally renowned biotechnologist Prof DR Krishna calls for proper checks on GM crops. "If proper

checks and balances are not evolved to regulate the developments in the bio-technology sector, it will lead

to more problems and complications resulting in the loss of our rich bio-diversity and threatening the public

health."

Another concern about GM crops is the Bt toxin from bacteria, which some scientists argue, is about a

thousand times more potent when injected into food stuff. Greenpeace, which has been spearheading world-

wide campaign against genetic modification of food items, expresses concern that if Bt brinjal was allowed,

other food crops like lady's finger and cabbage will be genetically tinkered. Studies on these crops are

already in progress. There's a talk of even GM rice.

Toxicity of GM foods - Part two: Arguments for and against Bt brinjal

2009-11-05T17:54:00.001+05:30

By Syed Akbar

There has been a lot of debate on the safety aspects of genetically modified crops. Those in favour of GM crops say they help farmers by reducing the costs on pesticides, while increasing the yields to feed the
ever-growing population. But those who oppose GM crops, express doubts over their environmental safety and fitness for human or animal consumption.

In India the only GM crop that has been in mass cultivation for at least five years is Bt cotton. But cotton is a commercial and not a food crop. In the USA and other countries Bt maize and Bt Soya are in cultivation
and most of the produce goes for animal feed.
Bt brinjal will be the first GM food crop to be permitted for human consumption.
=====================
Arguments against Bt brinjal
=====================

1. Those who eat Bt brinjal will develop resistance to antibiotics like neomycin and streptomycin.
2. The bacterial gene inserted in Bt brinjal releases crystal proteins, which are dangerous for human consumption.
3. Since Bt brinjal is a new product, it is now clear how it will react with human body over a long period of time.
4. Bt brinjal will upset the natural biodiversity, posing a major threat to ecological balance.

=========================
Arguments in favour of Bt brinjal
=========================
1. Bt brinjal will do away with the need for pesticide spraying.
2. It will increase productivity, thus helping farmers monetarily.
3. Bt brinjal is safe for human consumption.

Toxicity of GM foods - Part three: What is Bt brinjal?

2009-11-05T17:40:00.000+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar

What is a Bt or genetically modified brinjal? India has thousands of varieties of brinjal. All of them are native to sub-continent. But they are prone to pests, so much so that by the time farmers harvest the crop, half of the produce or even more is lost to insects and worms. What farmers get is hardly half or one-third of the total produce.

To reduce the losses to insects or worms, farmers keep on spraying pesticides, spending huge amounts.
So a local private seed company with international links has genetically modified one of the varieties of brinjal to make it pest-resistant.

To achieve this, it has inserted a toxic gene from a soil-thriving bacteria called Bacillus thuringenesis, or Bt for short. This gene makes the brinjal plant poisonous for its common pest. In other words, farmers need not spray pesticides. Studies have shown that the Bt toxin gains in potency about a thousand times when used in GM crops.

Sounds good. But farmers stand to benefit for a short time. The Bt seeds are not cultivable, unlike those of traditional brinjal varieties. Every season, farmers will have to look to the seed company for supplies. In other words, farmers will be at the mercy of the seed firms.

Endometriosis: Polychlorinated biphenyls found to trigger mutation in GSTM1 gene

2009-10-30T10:17:00.000+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Oct 29: City health researchers have found an environmental and genetic link to endometriosis,
one of the most commonly encountered problems in gynaecology.
Endometriosis is associated with chronic pelvic pain and irregular monthly cycles. It is also one of the
major causes of infertility in women. It is a debilitating gynaecological disorder affecting about 15 per cent
of women of child bearing age.

The city team has noticed that polychlorinated biphenyls, the liquid used in coolants, transformers and capacitors, interferes with the genetic set up of women exposed to the compound, thereby causing endometriosis. The PCBs cause mutations in the GSTM1 gene (glutathione S-transferase).
This is the first attempt to resolve the conundrum of conjugation of both PCBs and GSTM1 gene deletion frequency in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
The team comprised Dr Rozati Roya, Dr Giragalla Simha Baludu and Dr B Satyanarayana Reddy of the department of obstetrics & gynaecology, Owaisi Hospital & Research Centre and the department of
reproductive medicine, Maternal Health & Research Trust, Hyderabad. Their study established the link between PCBs and GSTM1 mutation as women suffering from endometriosis showed high concentration of the environmental pollutant.
-------------------

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrial stroma and glands, which should only be located inside the uterus) is found elsewhere in the body. Endometriosis lesions can be found anywhere in the pelvic cavity: on the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, and on the pelvic sidewall. Other common sites include the uterosacral ligaments, the cul-de-sac, the Pouch of Douglas, and in the rectal-vaginal septum.In addition, it can be found in caecarian-section scars, laparoscopy or laparotomy scars, and on the bladder, bowel, intestines, colon, appendix, and rectum. But these locations are not so common.

------------------
"Women with endometriosis showed significantly higher concentrations of PCBs compared with control
group. Twenty six per cent of women with endometriosis had the GSTM1 null genotype, which showed
significant association with endometriosis," Dr Roya said.

As part of the study, the team selected 97 unrelated women, who were diagnosed to have endometriosis. It
also took 102 women with other gynaecological problems like fibroids, tubal defects and polycystic ovaries,
as the control group.
The research group is of the view that the compromised detoxification, determined genetically, might be a risk factor for the development of endometriosis. Significant increase in the concentrations PCBs was observed in plasma of women as the severity of endometriosis increased.

Nosocomial infection caused Nellore blindness: All about the hospital bane called pseudomonas

2009-10-30T09:58:00.001+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Oct 27: It was not a wrong incision that caused infection leading to blindness at a mass surgical camp in Nellore. Health experts feel that there could have been inadequate sterilisation of the equipment used and indequate care exercised against infections during the operation.
According to Dr CR Sundaresan from Singapore, "perhaps since it was a camp setting, asepsis would not have been adequate". The improper follow up could also have contributed.
======
About two dozen people, who underwent surgeries for cataract at a free camp organised by Bollineni Foundation in Nellore, were infected. Half a dozen of them turned blind. Improper disinfection is said to be the cause.
======

Pseudomonas, which is blamed as the causative agent of infection in 16 of the people who underwent cataract surgery, is a highly dangerous organism that is capable of living even in antiseptic lotions. The doctors should have exercised utmost caution on the asepsis aspect, instead of just depending on the brand of the aseptic material used during the surgeries.
==============

Being Gram-negative bacteria, most Pseudomonas spp. are naturally resistant to penicillin and the majority of related beta-lactam antibiotics, but a number are sensitive to piperacillin, imipenem, tobramycin, or ciprofloxacin.This ability to thrive in harsh conditions is a result of their hardy cell wall that contains porins. Their resistance to most antibiotics is attributed to efflux pumps which pump out some antibiotics before they are able to act.

=============
Dr Sundaresan pointed out that Pseudomonas is the bane of hospital or medical procedure acquired infection (nosocomial infection). This notorious organism is hard to eliminate except with the most diligent measures, as it can even thrive in antiseptic lotions.
"Also a 'work up' before surgery is mandatory, which means that certain conditions such as diabetes mellitus, which could potentially cause this turn of events, must be excluded. Except for a single measurement of blood sugar, which in and of itself may not be an adequate measure to identify diabetes, a few investigations would have been performed," he argues.

Meanwhile, the Andhra Pradesh Opthalmological Society on Tuesday argued that the complication is not related to surgery "but to factors outside the control of the surgeon". According to Dr K Sivarama Krishna, association president, clustering or grouping of cases specially means some material or fulid used during surgery, such as irrigating fluid bottle, intraocular lens, viscoelastics, gloves etc were contaminated with bacteria.
"A surgeon uses these items of the brands he trusts, and it is not possible to check the sterility of each item before use. He has to trust the brand," he points out adding that this complication cannot be eliminated despite all efforts and "this risk has to be accepted as long as surgery happens. Otherwise surgery cannot happen".
The association said doctors had obtained consent of the patients for possible infection following eye surgery.

Neem Extracts - NeemAzal T/S: Azadirachta indica as larvicide of harmful, disease-causing mosquitoes

2009-10-30T09:44:00.003+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Oct 27: Indian vector control experts have now found that extracts from the common neem can
fight the spread of dangerous diseases like malaria, dengue and chikungunya, by killing the mosquitoes that
harbour the causative organisms.

Mosquito species like Aedes, Anopheles and Culex carry harmful organisms that cause chikungunya,
dengue, malaria and elephantiasis. The spread of mosquitoes is controlled world-wide by spraying synthetic pyrethroids like permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin.These chemical insecticides kill mosquitoes but cause untold damage to environment and human health. Moreover, many species of mosquitoes have developed resistance to chemical pesticides.
A team of researchers from the Vector Control Research Centre has found that Azadirachta indica (Indian neem) to be a potential resource for the development of new insecticides for arresting the spread of mosquitoes. The neem extracts can also be used for the treatment of netting or housing.
Though neem products have been used world over in agriculture and gardening to control pests, they have
never been tested on human pathogens and mosquitoes or disease vectors. According to the researchers, Dr
K Gunasekaran and Dr T Vijaykumar, the neem extracts effectively control adult mosquitoes as well as
their larvae.

"Antiviral activity of neem leaf extracts has been evidenced against dengue virus, HIV and several important parasitic protozoa, including Trypanosoma, Leishmania and Plasmodium. The neem product, NeemAzal T/S 1.2 per cent EC, has successfully controlled mosquitoes like Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti," the study pointed out.
The produce, when used even in minute quantities (less than 1 ppm), kills 50 per cent of larvae before they become adult mosquitoes. NeemAzal T/S 1.2 per cent EC is a promising insecticide to complement currently used biological larvae control agents including larvivourous fish, the researchers said.

Oral cholera vaccine has been found to be safe in India

2009-10-26T09:54:00.000+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Oct 25: Oral cholera vaccine has been found to be safe in India and is likely to be introduced for inoculation in cholera endemic areas in the country including Hyderabad.

Though oral cholera vaccine consisting of killed whole cells has been present in the market for many years,
it is never prescribed by health authorities fearing its safety.

Vietnam is the only country where it is prescribed, though in a limited way. With India and several other countries showing bouts of cholera epidemic at regular intervals, the Seoul-based International Vaccine Institute took up its safety and efficacy studies on Indian populations.

The IVI modified the vaccine to suit World Health Organisation standards and inoculated over a lakh people in Kolkata. A leading pharmaceutical research company from Hyderabad collaborated the project and prepared the vaccine. It is inexpensive and has been found to be highly useful in preventing cholera.

IVI advocacy officer Tae Kyung Byun told this correspondent that the vaccine protected individuals in age-groups one to 4.9 years, 5·0 to 14·9 years, and 15 years and older, and protective efficacy did not differ significantly between age-groups.

This modified killed-whole-cell oral vaccine, compliant with WHO standards, is safe, provides protection
against clinically significant cholera in an endemic setting, and can be used in children aged one to 4·9
years, who are at the highest risk of developing cholera in endemic settings like Hyderabad.

According to WHO statistics, cholera accounts for an estimated 1,20,000 deaths every year world-wide.
"WHO has recommended the use of oral cholera vaccine for control of the disease since 2001, and one such
vaccine, containing recombinant cholera toxin B subunit and killed whole cells is internationally licensed,"
he said.

The Kolkata trial has revealed that the vaccine is safe and confers 66 per cent protection in all individuals older than one year of age, eight to 10 months after vaccination, and 50 per cent protection, three to five
years after vaccination. The vaccine has been found to be safe and immunogenic in India.

Over all, the vaccine provides about 70 per cent protection against clinically significant cholera for at least two years after vaccination, equally in children and older people.

Oscar winner AR Rahman says he dreams of Indian symphony: The success mantra lies in the fusion of Indian classical music, Western music and technology

2009-10-25T18:31:00.004+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Oct 24: Oscar winner AR Rahman dreams about developing a unique Indian music stream, the Indian Symphony, fusing classical and Western music with the latest advances in technology.

"Fusion music is the buzz word now and we have to adapt to the latest trends by incorporating the best of what we have and the Western music with a technological touch, to remain as top-notchers," he says.

In a tête-à-tête with this correspondent over lunch, Rahman, who gave a new meaning to modern Indian music, points out that he has been implementing this novel concept in his music school, which he started

in Chennai last year. "Indian music, western music and technology, this should be our mantra."

His busy schedule notwithstanding (he arrived late, on Friday after he missed his afternoon flight), Rahman spent about 70 minutes with a select group of guests, relishing Hyderabadi Nawabi dishes including nalli gosht, koftas, kababs, gosht biryani, dhall fry and plain naan, besides mixed fruit juice. He politely refused when a chef offered him fried prawns.

The guests included GMR Airports chairman Kiran Kumar Grandhi, GMR urban infra and highways chief Srinivas Bommidala, Jet Airways area manager Ashok Kumar and representatives from a couple of media
houses. Rahman exchanged views on a variety of subjects including cricket, music, family values, environment, philanthrophy, floods, tsunami, security, his concerts in India and abroad and corporate
responsibility. Clad in a light aqua blue tunic, Rahman answered questions with ease.

Rahman, who is in the city for a fund-raising concert to help flood victims, said he instantly fell in love with Hyderabadi biryani. "Your food is a bit spicy but I like it. I used to take lot of prawns and crabs and of late I have stopped them to keep myself fit."

Asked whether he has turned a veggie, Rahman smilingly said he tried it sometime ago for three months, but he gave it up when he became weak. "I need lot of stamina and I get it from non-veg supplements".

Attributing his success to his quick adaptation to the changing trends, he said the present-day music buffs like combo-music, combining all streams of vocal and instrumental music, says this techno-savvy musician, sporting a Black Berry in his hand. "This has been gifted to me by a friend," he answers a call.

"My dream is to develop the Indian symphony and I focus on teaching this concept to my students. A dozen leading foreign and Indian music faculty is involved in teaching 130 students at the music school," Rahman says.

An epitome of humility and continuous learner, Rahman attributes his success to God's grace, simplicity, and support from people. He recalled how he was stopped by security guards at his own concerts in Pune and Dallas. "Yes, the security system should be tight. After all it is for our own safety," he agrees.

This music maestro, who has a penchant for environment, plans to shift his music school to a sprawling 40-acre premises at Red Hills in Chennai, where he will implement the "green building" concept, with everything eco-friendly right from drawing underground water to electrification. "I am planning to some concerts on climate change."

He goes to bed at 5 in the morning and wakes up at 1.00 pm to start a fresh day. "I got used to these freak timings," he said with a smile in his face. Soon after the lunch, Rahman rushed to the GMR arena, where he

A globe-trotter Rahman covered half a dozen countries since he last visited Hyderabad on October 12. "I do not get jet lag, but I need a day's rest after a long commute. But my spouse obviously tired said she can't globe-trot any more."

performed a music show later in the evening.

The police made strict security arrangements and the roads leading to the airport were jam-packed with his fans and music lovers.

Genetic history of Muslims in India: Islam spread through cultural conversion, and not through human invasion

2009-10-25T17:58:00.002+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Oct 23: The spread of Islam in India was predominantly a cultural conversion associated with minor but detectable levels of gene flow primarily from Iran and Central Asia, and not directly from the
Arabian peninsula, according to a new research study collaborated by the city-based Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology.

The study also found that most of the Indian Muslim populations received their major genetic input from geographically close non-Muslim populations. "However, we have also observed low levels of likely sub-Saharan African, Arabian and West Asian admixture among Indian Muslims. We rule out significant gene flow from Arabia," CCMB senior scientist Dr K Thangaraj told this correspondent.

==========================

According to historical evidence, the Indian Subcontinent has been exposed to several waves of human migrations from the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, the homelands of Indian Muslim rulers Arabian Peninsula (where Islam was propagated) served as a hub for human migrations, hence the merged genetic signatures of Eurasian and African origin, which has been detected in both maternal and paternal lineages from the region. Besides Arabia, Iran is a second plausible genetic source for Indian Muslims. It is positioned in the tricontinental nexus and its populations genetically show close proximity to those from the Near East, lthough with a lesser genetic input from Africa than from the populations of the Arabian Peninsula.Besides mtDNA and the Y chromosome, which show relatively low levels of differentiation between these two potential sources, recentstudies of lactose tolerance have revealed that Iranian and Arabian populations differ significantly in genetic patterns at this locus.

=====================
The CCMB took up the study in collaboration with the National DNA Analysis Centre of the Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, State Forensic Laboratory, Lucknow, Leverhulme Centre for Human
Evolutionary Studies of University of Cambridge, UK, Department of Evolutionary Biology of Estonian Biocentre and Tartu University, Estonia, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK.

To estimate the contribution of West Asian and Arabian admixture to Indian Muslims, the team assessed genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA (mother's lineage), Y-chromosomal (father's lineage) and genetic
markers representing six Muslim communities from different geographical regions of the country.

"Most Indian Muslims are closely related to their neighbouring non-Muslim populations and this suggests that they descend primarily from local Hindu converts. The exception to this are some northern and north-western Indian Muslims, who differ from indigenous Hindu populations, likely because of a higher proportion of genetic lineages of external origin," the study pointed out.

The researchers used as many as 472 Indian Muslim mitochondrial DNAs, 431 Indian Muslim Y chromosomes and 747 Indian Muslim and non-Muslim gene (MCM6) profiles for the study. "There is a notable variation between different Indian Muslim populations, some being highly similar to local Indian populations and others having similarities with external populations, so that when they are all grouped
together as ‘Indian Muslims’, the group difference is statistically insignificant from that of non-Muslims," Dr Thangaraj said.

Shia, Sunni, Dawoodi Bohras from Gujarat and Mappla from Kerala are found to cluster together with Indian non-Muslim populations, whereas Dawoodi Bohras from Tamil Nadu seem to be an outlier. In the Y-chromosomal plot too, Shia, Sunni, Dawoodi Bohras from Gujarat and Mappla form a group with their neighbouring Indian non-Muslim populations and Europeans, whereas the Dawoodi Bohras from Tamil Nadu, again found as an outlier.

Acupuncture regaining popularity

2009-10-07T16:28:00.002+05:30

---------------------------------------------
The doctor can be contacted on mobile No. +91-9949699469 and his address is flat No. 11, Manohar Enclave, Krishnapuri Colony, West Marredpally, Secunderabad - 500026 Hyderabad India
---------------------------------------------

By Syed Akbar

Middle-aged T Amarnath had a slip disc. Doctors suggested that he undergo
surgery. After being on bed for 29 days, he felt that surgery only would solve his
problem. But before he joined a hospital, one of his friends suggested that he
consult an acupuncture expert. Within a week, he was back to work with no signs
of slip disc.

Surendra Paul Singh (51) had been diagnosed with a kidney problem with urea
and serum creatinine levels of 140 and 7.8 respectively. A fortnight after he
underwent acupuncture therapy, the kidneys had started returning to normalcy.
The present readings are 80 (urea) and 5.2 (creatinine).

Scores of patients like Amarnath and Surendra Paul, who have benefited from
acupuncture after allopathic treatment failed, stand testimony that this ancient
Chinese medical system is gaining popularity in Andhra Pradesh. With the cost of
acupuncture treatment being affordable, more and more patients are turning
towards it. The success rate too is quite high, claim patients, who benefited from
acupuncture.

And popularising acupuncture in Hyderabad is Dr N Arun Kumar, who treats his
patients employing a sort of holistic approach, combining acupuncture with Yoga
postures, Pranayama and Ayurveda. He underwent specialised training in
acupuncture in Sri Lanka.

That acupuncture is becoming popular even among doctors practising modern
medicine is also evident from the medical history records maintained at the clinics
run by Dr Arun. Some of his clients include senior surgeons, physicians and
specialist doctors. And they all vouchsafe that acupuncture is not only safe, but
also effective.
Says housewife Aruna, who has been suffering from severe back pain, "a doctor
gave me an imported injection which costs Rs 20,000. And when it failed to
provide relief, he suggested surgery. I have been undergoing acupuncture sessions
for the past 28 days and I am much relieved now. A week more of acupuncture
sessions will, I am sure, solve this nagging problem".

According to Dr Arun, acupuncture had its birth in India but developed in China.
"It's a 5000 year old system and the cost involved in this method of treatment is
hardly five per cent of the money one has to spend if one follows allopathy. I also
prescribe simple Yoga exercises and Pranayama. In some cases a few Ayurvedic
medicines are also prescribed. There's no diet restriction except like avoiding
tamarind. I also teach them a few mudras," he points out, explaining how
acupuncture works.

"It's virtually painless. I just feel the ##### of a needle. It gives immediate relief
from pain," says one of the patients Abkari Meena. A few days ago she could not
walk because of the back pain. "It's OK now. I can stand and walk without
support. I am able to climb stairs."

As Dr Arun says acupuncture gives effective results in problems related to
orthopaedics and neurology, particularly in cases like rheumatic pains,
spondylosis, back pain, leg pain and slip disc. Also beneficial in knee pain,
cervical spondylosis, shoulder pain, frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, foot drop,
sciatica, arthritis (rheumatoid), osteo arthritis of the cervical spine, migraine,
insomnia, paralysis, bell's palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral neuropathy,
asthma, skin diseases and vertigo. The gastric and urinary systems responds well
to this form of treatment. It effectively controls diabetes.

Dr Arun, a student of noted acupuncturist Dr Lohia, uses specialised needles with
automated vibrating system to treat patients. "In early days doctors used to move
the needles manually. It was quite painful. Now it is automated and the level of
vibration can be adjusted according to the patient's requirement".

Acupuncture works on the Chinese medical principle of good and bad energy. It
removes imbalances and creates a striking balance between these two energies,
thus improving the immune system.

--------------------
Doctors testify
---------------------

I had severe back pain and I was treated by Arun Kumar (acupuncturist). Now I
am totally pain free and thankful to him for his technique and skill.
Dr. D Ramchandra Reddy, consultant anaesthetist and intensive care specialist

-------

I had severe pain in my legs even after I underwent a total knee replacement four
years ago. I sought the help of Arun to treat me. Now, I am able to wait, without
pain, comfortably.
Dr. Mangutha Narsing Rao

--------

It gives me great pleasure to state that Arun has treated my wife Dr SG Mudaliar
(retd. chief medical superintendent), South Central Railway, for back pain, which
she had been suffering for the past one year. Now she is relieved of that pain.
Dr ASG Mudaliar (retd. prof of surgery and civil surgeon, superintendent of
Gandhi Hospital)

-------

I was suffering from serious back pain. Then I got acupuncture treatment from
Arun and now I'm relieved of the pain.
Dr MV Mukteshwar (consultant anaesthetist (retd) Gandhi Hospital)

City doctors find genetic link to premature ovarian failure in Indian women

2009-09-29T19:46:00.002+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Sept 27: A group of city doctors and researchers has found
a "genetic link" to the problem of premature ovarian failure, a
reproductive health condition wherein young women attain menopause.

Women, suffering from premature ovarian failure or POF, stop
producing eggs even before they turn 40. They develop menopause 10
to 25 years before average healthy women stop menstruating. The
average age of women with POF in India has been found to be between
24 and 30 years.

The joint study, carried out by the Institute of Genetics and Hospital for
Genetic Diseases, Government Maternity Hospital, and Maternal
Health and Research Trust, Hyderabad, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand, gains
significance as more and more Indian women are affected by the
problem of premature ovarian failure. On an average one per cent of
women below 40 years of age suffer from POF. The research team
comprised Dr Golla Jaya Prakash, Dr Vishnubhotla Venkata Ravi
Kanth, Dr Andrew N Shelling, Dr Roya Rozati and Dr Madireddi
Sujatha.

POF not only causes infertility, but also leads to severe health
complications including osteoporosis, increased risk of heart disease
and auto immune disorders.

"The causes of POF have long attracted great interest. We have no
established a genetic basis for the problem. Absence of 566C - T
mutation in exon 7 of the FSHR gene causes premature ovarian failure
in Indian women. The condition often arises in association with defects
in the X chromosome, although autosomal genes are also thought to be
involved," one of the researchers Dr Roya Rozati told this
correspondent.

According to her, premature ovarian failure can be inherited either
paternally or maternally as a mendelian disorder with autosomal or X-
linked dominant transmission. Intermittent ovarian function has been
reported in some women, and pregnancy can occur in about five to 10
per cent of patients subsequent to diagnosis. The prevalence of
autoimmune diseases is almost 10 to 20 per cent in individuals with
POF.

"Autosomal abnormalities have now been identified in POF patients,
such as mutation of the LH and FSH receptor genes," she said, adding
that primary amenorrhea is mostly prevalent in the early reproductive
age group in Indian women.

The study suggested that mutational analysis of the inhibin alpha can
be used as a definite genetic marker for early diagnosis of POF, and
patients can be offered genetic counselling to plan their conception at
an early age of reproduction.

Swine flu: H1N1-free health certificate must for haj this year

2009-09-27T18:14:00.004+05:30

2009
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Sept 26: With swine flu vaccine trials yet to begin in the country, the Central Haj Committee has decided to medically screen all the Haj pilgrims from India and issue flu-free health certificates.

Though vaccination against seasonal influenza has been made mandatory for all Haj pilgrims, it does not provide protection against the novel H1N1 virus that causes swine flu. Since swine flu vaccine is in trial stage in several countries, the Saudi authorities have made medical screening compulsory in a bid to prevent spread of the virus during Haj.

With Saudi authorities issuing latest swine flu guidelines on Saturday, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has directed the Central Haj Committee to ensure that all the Haj pilgrims carry medical certificates that they do not have any symptoms of swine flu or H1N1 human influenza viral attack.

The Haj pilgrims, besides taking shots of seasonal influenza vaccine, must individually undergo medical tests at Haj offices before boarding plane to Saudi Arabia. The Saudi authorities will examine the pilgrims on arrival and those
with symptoms will be quarantined at special centres within the airport. Production of health certificates from Indian authorities is also made compulsory.

"Before leaving India pilgrims will be examined for signs or symptoms of influenza A H1N1 at the point of embarkation. They will be issued an H1N1 symptom-free certificate in prescribed proforma. Only those with health certificates will be allowed to enter Saudi Arabia to perform this year's Haj," said AP Wakf Board former chairman Muhammad Saleem, quoting Indian Haj authorities in Jeddah. Saleem, currently in Saudi Arabia to perform Umrah, held discussions with the Indian Haj Mission there.

According to him, the Indian consulate in Jeddah has conveyed the new Saudi guidelines to the Central Haj Committee in Mumbai. The guidelines stipulate that State governments should make arrangements at respective airports to issue health certificates.

Meanwhile, the Saudi authorities have announced that there had been no swine flu deaths among Umrah pilgrims during Ramzan. An estimated 20 lakh people participated in the special Ramzan prayers in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca.