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Province" /><category term="oecd" /><category term="obesity" /><category term="Tremonti" /><category term="microeconometria applicata" /><category term="European Stability Mechanism" /><category term="haircut" /><category term="University of Bologna" /><category term="crisi politica" /><category term="Germany" /><category term="referendum 12 13 giugno" /><category term="Agenda monti" /><category term="wage rigidity" /><category term="Obama vs Romney" /><category term="Grecia" /><category term="Moltiplicatore della Spesa" /><category term="Ignoranza" /><category term="motorino" /><category term="Primarie" /><category term="money" /><title>Back-Of-The-Envelope Economics</title><subtitle type="html">Il Blog di Paolo Manasse</subtitle><link rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/" /><link rel="next" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false&amp;v=2" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><generator version="7.00" uri="http://www.blogger.com">Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>645</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/XMijC" /><feedburner:info uri="blogspot/xmijc" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><feedburner:emailServiceId>blogspot/XMijC</feedburner:emailServiceId><feedburner:feedburnerHostname>http://feedburner.google.com</feedburner:feedburnerHostname><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0cMSXo7cCp7ImA9WhFSE0s.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-3075845862291493008</id><published>2013-06-16T08:44:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2013-06-16T08:44:48.408+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-06-16T08:44:48.408+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Contagio" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="luiss" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CDS" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Europa" /><title>Contagio alla LUISS</title><content type="html">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WA3yqnfOaCc/T3CBKdMlJgI/AAAAAAAAJLw/vTXkLRcS5so/s1600/luiss-+sede+viale+Pola.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WA3yqnfOaCc/T3CBKdMlJgI/AAAAAAAAJLw/vTXkLRcS5so/s1600/luiss-+sede+viale+Pola.jpg" height="213" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;LUISS&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
Ho partecipato alla Conferenza "Macroeconomics and Financial Frictions" tenutasi alla LUISS, Roma, Venerdi e Sabato scorsi. Qui il&lt;a href="https://sites.google.com/site/macrofinanceworkshop/"&gt; programma&lt;/a&gt; della Conferenza. Ho presentato il &lt;a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2205029"&gt;paper &lt;/a&gt;scritto con Luca Zavalloni su contagio in Europa.&lt;br /&gt;
La mia&lt;a href="http://www2.dse.unibo.it/manasse/Pdf/Presentation_Bocconi_v2.pdf"&gt; presentazione si trova qui&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/iV5uCGg2MyY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/3075845862291493008/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/06/contagio-alla-luiss.html#comment-form" title="0 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/3075845862291493008?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/3075845862291493008?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/iV5uCGg2MyY/contagio-alla-luiss.html" title="Contagio alla LUISS" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WA3yqnfOaCc/T3CBKdMlJgI/AAAAAAAAJLw/vTXkLRcS5so/s72-c/luiss-+sede+viale+Pola.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/06/contagio-alla-luiss.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEcAQnY_cCp7ImA9WhFTFkw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-4403984274048702618</id><published>2013-06-07T13:43:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2013-06-07T16:40:43.848+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-06-07T16:40:43.848+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="paralisi" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Letta" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="riforme istituzionali" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="commissioni" /><title>Commissioni e Paralisi</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRps6fQzD7aMpLR3C3cjwFh9mSpZG_Zet971kwK1hKI4gqoeff7" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRps6fQzD7aMpLR3C3cjwFh9mSpZG_Zet971kwK1hKI4gqoeff7" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;Dopo la &lt;a href="http://www.grandidizionari.it/Dizionario_Italiano/parola/c/commissione.aspx?query=commissione"&gt;Commissione&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; di saggi nominata da Napolitano nell'interim tra il 
tentativo di Bersani e l'incarico a Letta, ecco la nuova Commissione per
 le riforme Istituzionali.&amp;nbsp; Cosa dobbiamo aspettarci? Uno sguardo al recente passato è abbastanza illuminante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;Il governo Monti, in una fase di emergenza economica, riuscì inizialmente a strappare ai due maggiori partiti il nulla-osta per la riforma delle pensioni e per altre misure dolorose (Imu). Dopodichè rimase impelagato in estenuanti trattative e di spending review, abolizione delle province, riforme elettorali, privatizzazioni e liberalizzazioni non se ne fece più nulla. Oggi abbiamo alcune nuove circostanze:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;l'emergenza economica sembra allontanata (almeno temporaneamente) grazie alla &lt;a href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.it/2013/06/regole-e-discrezionalita-nella-politica.html"&gt;azione prima dello stesso Monti e poi di Draghi &lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;&amp;nbsp;l'emergenza politica per PD e PdL (l'avanzata irresistibile del M5S) sembra conclusa: nelle comunali la protesta&amp;nbsp; è in larga misura riconfluita nell'astensione.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;la componente "Montiana" dei riformisti è minoritaria (forse pefino dentro "Scelta Civica").&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;Queste circostanze suggeriscono che a meno di un'accellerazione nella crisi economica ("spread") o politica (manifestazioni violente etc.)&amp;nbsp; il governo Letta, nonstante le buone intenzioni e l'impegno del premier, sia destinato all'inconcludenza: impossibile mettere d'accordo PD e PdL su un terreno di riforme economiche/istituzionali in assenza di una qualche emergenza.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;In attesa di mettere&amp;nbsp; nel cassetto le proposte dei nuovi saggi, il paese scivolerà verso nuove elezioni, senza neppure una riforma della legge elettorale. Si voterà quando per uno dei due partiti, verosimilmente il PdL, i benefici elettorali attesi delle nuove elezioni supereranno i costi politici di aver provocato la caduta del governo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;Lo scenario potrebbe cambiare se Renzi prendesse in tempi brevi la guida politica del PD, rendendo la scommessa delle elezioni più rischiosa per il PdL, e i costi dell'inerzia maggiori per il PD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;Ma questa è un altra storia...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="lemma"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/HaSz7Fq0GQQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/4403984274048702618/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/06/commissioni-e-paralisi.html#comment-form" title="1 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/4403984274048702618?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/4403984274048702618?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/HaSz7Fq0GQQ/commissioni-e-paralisi.html" title="Commissioni e Paralisi" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><thr:total>1</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/06/commissioni-e-paralisi.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Dk4GQ38_fip7ImA9WhFTFEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-6128204784917699447</id><published>2013-06-05T22:42:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2013-06-05T22:42:02.146+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-06-05T22:42:02.146+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crisi debito" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="noise from Amerika" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="discrezionalità" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crisi Bancaria" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="regole" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Fed" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="euro" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="bce" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Camaldoli" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ecb" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="politica monetaria" /><title>Regole e Discrezionalità nella Politica Monetaria</title><content type="html">&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.iconatoscana.it/images/imgpag/arezzo/il-millenario-di-camaldoli-1012-2012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.iconatoscana.it/images/imgpag/arezzo/il-millenario-di-camaldoli-1012-2012.jpg" height="400" width="250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Nella Foto: Mi sto recando verso l'Aula del Seminario&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
Sono stato invitato alle&amp;nbsp; Giornate di &lt;i&gt;Noise from Amerika &lt;/i&gt;4-6 Giugno in corso a Camaldoli per parlare sul tema &lt;strong&gt;"Un confronto internazionale nella conduzione della politica monetaria: discretion versus rules"&lt;/strong&gt; (qui il &lt;a href="http://noisefromamerika.org/articolo/giornate-nfa-2013-programma"&gt;programma&lt;/a&gt;), insieme a Roberto Piazza, Alberto Bisin e Michele Boldrin.&lt;br /&gt;
Le diapositive del mio intervento sono &lt;a href="http://www2.dse.unibo.it/manasse/Pdf/Un%20confronto%20internazionale%20nella%20conduzione%20della%20politica%20monetaria.pdf"&gt;qui&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ps: ringrazio Tommaso Monacelli e Lucrezia Reichlin per i suggerimenti &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/rHGx87w_hVA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/6128204784917699447/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/06/regole-e-discrezionalita-nella-politica.html#comment-form" title="0 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/6128204784917699447?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/6128204784917699447?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/rHGx87w_hVA/regole-e-discrezionalita-nella-politica.html" title="Regole e Discrezionalità nella Politica Monetaria" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/06/regole-e-discrezionalita-nella-politica.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CU8HRHk-eSp7ImA9WhFTEkQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-4259452652568084648</id><published>2013-06-03T23:01:00.005+02:00</published><updated>2013-06-03T23:10:35.751+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-06-03T23:10:35.751+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="princeton" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="comandamenti" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bernanke" /><title>I Dieci Comandamenti di Bernanke</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/june21/gifs/bacca_talisman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/june21/gifs/bacca_talisman.jpg" height="213" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="334.14400000000006" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 348px; top: 499.2px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00118, 1);"&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Bellissimo &lt;a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20130602a.pdf"&gt;discorso di Ben Bernanke&lt;/a&gt; alla cerimonia di laurea di Princeton. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="352.3199999999998" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 192px; top: 536px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00433, 1);"&gt;
Mi piace soprattutto l'ottavo Comandamento:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="352.3199999999998" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 192px; top: 536px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00433, 1);"&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="352.3199999999998" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 192px; top: 536px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00433, 1);"&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Nobody likes to fail but failure is an essential part of life and of learning.  If your uniform isn’t dirty, you haven’t been in the game&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="352.3199999999998" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 192px; top: 536px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00433, 1);"&gt;
e la conclusione:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="352.3199999999998" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 192px; top: 536px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00433, 1);"&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="51.744" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 391.84px; top: 499.2px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1.00376, 1);"&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Congratulations, graduates.  Give’em hell.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div data-canvas-width="4" data-font-name="Times" dir="ltr" style="font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; left: 443.52px; top: 499.2px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scale(1, 1);"&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://www.soldionline.it/pictures/20121003/burocrazia-e-imprese.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.soldionline.it/pictures/20121003/burocrazia-e-imprese.jpeg" height="202" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Gli esempi di burocrazia non mancano certo nel nostro disastrato paese. Sentite questa che mi è capitata.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ho presentato qualche giorno fa (con raccomandata con ricevuta di ritorno, mica email) un ricorso al Giudice di Pace di Milano contro un multa ricevuta col mio scooter. La multa era relativa ad una precedente infrazione: "&lt;b&gt;al momento della violazione&lt;/b&gt;", che però non mi era stata contestata e di cui non avevo mai ricevuto notifica, avrei dovuto "&lt;b&gt; presentare i miei dati personali e la patente di guida&lt;/b&gt;" e non l'avevo fatto (!)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nel mio ricorso ho chiesto l'annullamento della multa (quella per la mancata presentazione dei documenti) , riportandone &lt;b&gt;la cifra e allegando copia del verbale&lt;/b&gt;. Ricevo oggi comunicazione del Giudice di Pace che mi avverte che il mio ricorso presenta una irregolarità: "&lt;b&gt;omessa dichiarazione di valore", &lt;/b&gt;dove, si specifica, questa è omissione è da intendersi come l'assenza nel ricorso della frase&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt; "si dichiara che il valore del procedimento è di euro...&lt;/b&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Capito? Senza quella frase lì non si capiva.... &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://www.comune.sanveromilis.or.it/Comune/Immagini/imu.jpg?__scale=w:700,h:466,t:2" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.comune.sanveromilis.or.it/Comune/Immagini/imu.jpg?__scale=w:700,h:466,t:2" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.comune.sanveromilis.or.it/Comune/Immagini/imu.jpg?__scale=w:700,h:466,t:2" height="213" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;La cancellazione o sospensione della rata IMU ha quasi monopolizzato il dibattito sull' attività del governo Letta. Ma&amp;nbsp; il rinvio della rata&amp;nbsp; avrà almeno l'effetto di stimolare i consumi?&lt;br /&gt;
La risposta è che l'impatto sulla domanda sarà trascurabile. Vediamo perché.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qui faremo le seguenti ipotesi: &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;- il rinvio dell'IMU&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; non&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; viene accompagnato da una equivalente riduzione della spesa pubblica;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;- viene rispettato il vincolo europeo di bilancio in pareggio entro la fine del 2013, e dunque&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp; la manovra sull'IMU viene&amp;nbsp; compensata da un'aumento delle imposte sulla casa (o su altre imposte) a breve scadenza&lt;br /&gt;
- l'imposta sulla casa è una imposta non distorsiva che colpisce la ricchezza, ma non distorce l'allocazione delle risorse&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__trsyEXYv_Y/R12wA8aO9VI/AAAAAAAAADo/TxM6e3aVgN8/s400/RecardianEquivalence1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__trsyEXYv_Y/R12wA8aO9VI/AAAAAAAAADo/TxM6e3aVgN8/s400/RecardianEquivalence1.PNG" height="213" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Figura 1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per capire l'impatto del rinvio della rata IMU sui consumi, dobbiamo distinguere tra le famiglie che hanno accesso al credito, e quelle che non ce l'hanno per effetto del &lt;i&gt;credit crunch&lt;/i&gt; delle banche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;1.Famiglie proprietarie di case con accesso al credito&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Per queste famiglie il rinvio delle imposte IMU &lt;i&gt;non comporta alcuno stimolo ai consumi.&lt;/i&gt; Lo sconto fiscale viene interamente risparmiato e i consumi non variano. La ragione è che queste famiglie , sapendo che dovranno per pagare maggiori imposte in futuro (con gli interessi), risparmiano interamente lo sconto fiscale per potere farvi fronte. E' il cosiddetto risultato di "equivalenza ricardiana" , illustrato nella figura 1 (per chi ha sostenuto micro 1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;2. Famiglie proprietarie di case senza accesso al credito&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Queste sono le famiglie che avrebbero desiderato indebitarsi per consumare di più se&amp;nbsp; se avessero avuto accesso al credito. Ma siccome le banche non prestano loro i soldi, non possono spendere per consumi più del loro reddito disponibile corrente. Per queste famiglie, la riduzione temporanea delle imposte (il rinvio, in effetti) equivale ad un prestito da parte dello stato, prestito che dovranno rimborsare versando con gli interessi lo sconto fiscale. Dunque queste famiglie spenderanno in beni di consumo quanto non pagato in imposte (ma ridurranno poi i consumi quando dovranno "restituire" il prestito allo stato con le maggiori imposte&amp;nbsp; future,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__trsyEXYv_Y/R12zwsaO9WI/AAAAAAAAADw/0TViT5JswiY/s400/RecardianEquivalence2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__trsyEXYv_Y/R12zwsaO9WI/AAAAAAAAADw/0TViT5JswiY/s400/RecardianEquivalence2.PNG" height="213" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Figura&amp;nbsp; 2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
Vedi fig 2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La conclusione è che il rinvio dell'IMU provocherà un aumento temporaneo dei consumi pari allo sconto della rata moltiplicato per la percentuale delle famiglie che possiedono la casa&lt;i&gt; e&lt;/i&gt; che hanno un vincolo di liquidità. Questo rapporto può essere scomposto in due termini: la percentuale delle famiglie che possiede una casa, e, tra queste, la percentuale che non riesce ad indebitarsi:&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Variazione Consumi = Rata IMU * (Fam prop /Tot Fam)*(Fam prop con vincoli liq/Fam prop)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ora noi sappiamo che&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
- la riduzione della rata della prima casa ammonta a circa 2 miliardi;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;- &lt;/i&gt;le famiglie proprietarie di case sono circa il 70% del totale;&lt;br /&gt;
- la percentuale di famiglie proprietarie di casa che ha difficoltà ad accedere al credito è un numero non facile da ottenere. Considerando però che&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;la restrizione del credito ha riguardato secondo &lt;a href="http://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/econo/bollec/2013/bolleco71/bollec71/boleco_71.pdf"&gt;Bankitalia&lt;/a&gt; soprattutto le medie e piccole imprese e i mutui ipotecari (cioè i prestiti alle famiglie che, o non hanno una casa, o ne hanno già una e dunque in entrambi i casi non beneficiano dello sconto IMU per la prima casa)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;i vincoli di liquidità riguardano le famiglie che non dispongono di collaterale adeguato a garanzia dei loro debiti, e dunque &lt;i&gt;non&lt;/i&gt; soprattutto i proprietari di case&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
se ne deduce che è ragionevole pensare che non più del 30% delle famiglie &lt;i&gt;proprietarie di casa&lt;/i&gt; abbia difficoltà di accesso al credito . Perciò, una stima "rule of thumb" dell'effetto sui consumi è:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Variazioni Consumi = 2miliardi* 0.7*0.3 =&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt; 420 milioni,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Questa cifra, secondo i dati &lt;a href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/national_accounts/data/main_tables"&gt;Eurostat&lt;/a&gt; , rappresenta lo&lt;span class="cwcot" dir="ltr" id="cwos"&gt; 0.00044098191 (4.4 per diecimila) dei consumi privati.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="cwcot" dir="ltr" id="cwos"&gt;Non mi sembrà granchè per rilanciare l'economia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class="cwcot" dir="ltr" id="cwos"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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Un &lt;i&gt;must read&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;per chi ne parla (a sproposito)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://www.bruegel.org/uploads/herder_image/crop_480_220_130419_event_photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.bruegel.org/uploads/herder_image/crop_480_220_130419_event_photo.jpg" height="212" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On May 8, I spoke at the Conference on &lt;a href="http://www.dt.tesoro.it/it/eventi/next_events/dettaglio.html?resourceType=/modules/eventi/elem_0204.html"&gt;Italy's Challenges in the Midst of the Euro Crisis&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; organized in Rome by the Italian Treasury and&amp;nbsp; the &lt;a href="http://www.bruegel.org/nc/events/event-detail/event/359-italys-challenges-in-the-midst-of-the-euro-crisis/"&gt;Bruegel &lt;/a&gt;Research Center. My session was about &lt;span class="grassetto"&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Short/medium run issues: fiscal adjustment and internal devaluation&lt;/i&gt;".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I discussed the Italian competitivess gap.&lt;br /&gt;
This is &lt;a href="http://www2.dse.unibo.it/manasse/Pdf/Fiscal%20Adjustment%20and%20Internal%20Devaluation_article.pdf"&gt;what I said&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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Mah, forse Vega, il giornalista di Lettera43 che ha realizzato&lt;a href="http://www.lettera43.it/economia/macro/il-difensore-dell-imu_4367593534.htm#.UYJtBDWxp6A.twitter"&gt; l'intervista,&lt;/a&gt; c'è andato un po' forte col titolo, ma insomma, per ridurre la pressione fiscale non partirei certo dall' IMU !&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/sJFeIBFVekY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/2222081155818491889/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/05/il-difensore-dellimu.html#comment-form" title="0 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/2222081155818491889?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/2222081155818491889?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/sJFeIBFVekY/il-difensore-dellimu.html" title="Il Difensore dell'IMU" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/05/il-difensore-dellimu.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DE4FQXs_eyp7ImA9WhBVGE4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-284796403037886973</id><published>2013-04-24T22:51:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2013-04-24T22:55:10.543+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-04-24T22:55:10.543+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="UK" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Margaret thatcher" /><title>Maggie and me</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.frontedelblog.it/manuel/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/margaret-thatcher.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.frontedelblog.it/manuel/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/margaret-thatcher.jpg" height="320" width="237" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ho partecipato ad una trasmissione radiofonica condotta da alcuni studenti dell'Università di Torino a Radio Fash sull'eredità di Margaret Thatcher. Ho raccontato i miei ricordi degli&amp;nbsp; anni '80 a Londra, Thatcher vs Scargill etc. (la mia intervista parte a metà del&lt;a href="http://streaming.top-ix.org/podcast/radioflash/media/TesoroParliamone20130423.mp3"&gt; mp3 &lt;/a&gt;). &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/KN_SdQFqcHE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/2074960982549273096/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/renzi-candidato-premier.html#comment-form" title="1 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/2074960982549273096?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/2074960982549273096?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/KN_SdQFqcHE/renzi-candidato-premier.html" title="Renzi candidato Premier?" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><thr:total>1</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/renzi-candidato-premier.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CUAARn8-eyp7ImA9WhBVFUU.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-6265828706745452145</id><published>2013-04-21T16:37:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2013-04-22T00:35:47.153+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-04-22T00:35:47.153+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elezioni" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Napolitano" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="M5S" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grillo" /><title>M5S: Mea Culpa o Brindisi per Napolitano?</title><content type="html">&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.net1news.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/Home_immagine_evidenza/berlusconi_grillo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.net1news.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/Home_immagine_evidenza/berlusconi_grillo.jpg" height="206" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dopo l'elezione di Napolitano mi chiedo se il M5S debba fare &lt;i&gt;mea-culpa&lt;/i&gt; per aver fatto nascere l'ennesimo governo PD-PdL, dopo aver pubblicamente sbeffeggiato Bersani e impedito&amp;nbsp; un monocolore PD con il proprio appoggio esterno, oppure&amp;nbsp; debba &lt;i&gt;festeggiare brindando&lt;/i&gt;, per aver fatto scoppiare le contraddizioni del PD, ottenendo le dimissioni di Bersani.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;Per la prima ipotesi (mea culpa) vedo queste ragioni; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MS5 è fuori dai giochi nel breve periodo, Berlusconi torna protagonista,&amp;nbsp; ed il nuovo governo di coalizione potrebbe fare approvare una qualche legge elettorale che penalizza MS5 ;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Il sistema politico diventa presidenzialista &lt;i&gt;de facto&lt;/i&gt; ;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;un congresso anticipato potrebbe paradossalmente rafforzare un nuovo PD,
 se ne accellera il rinnovamento e produce una nuova leadership 
credibile (Renzi, Barca); &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;per la seconda (brindisi) queste le possibili ragioni:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;se il PD si scinde il M5S ne potrebbe beneficiare;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;difficilmente un nuovo governo PD-PdL farà meglio di Monti e questo andrebbe a vantaggio di M5S che denuncerebbe il nuovo inciucio trai partiti avvinghiati a Napolitano;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;la congiuntura non migliorerà nei prossimi sei mesi e questo favorirà il&amp;nbsp; M5S alle prossime elezioni.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
Mi sembra che le probabilità sono vicine al 50%: le ragioni del mea-culpa probabilmente prevalgono nel breve termine, ma quelle del brindisi nel medio termine.&amp;nbsp; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://www.radioflash.to/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/logo-flash_alta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.radioflash.to/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/logo-flash_alta.jpg" height="200" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href="http://streaming.top-ix.org/podcast/radioflash/media/TesoroParliamone20130402.mp3"&gt;Intervista (mp3) a "Tesoro, Parliamone"&lt;/a&gt; su Radio Flash : Cipro e Eurozona&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.intelligonews.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/fabrizio-barca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.intelligonews.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/fabrizio-barca.jpg" height="160" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Barca Wants You in the PD&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Sgombriamo&amp;nbsp;  il campo dagli equivoci: il &lt;a href="http://www.blitzquotidiano.it/wp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/barca_manifesto.pdf"&gt;documento&lt;/a&gt; " Un partito nuovo per un buon governo" presentato  dal Ministro per la Coesione Territoriale Fabrizio Barca  non è un programma politico a sostegno di un’eventuale candidatura alla guida del PD. Si tratta invece di un insieme di riflessioni sulla necessità di ri-fondare i partiti politici, il PD in particolare, su cui  (si sarebbe detto una volta) “aprire un dibattito”. Dunque l’autore non avanza alcuna proposta  di politica economica, ma descrive il  “partito che vorrebbe”. Nel documento, scritto da un economista, non c’è traccia di numeri , il che, visto l’uso risibile delle  statistiche sempre più spesso impiegate da pseudo-economisti per mascherare la propria ignoranza, non è necessariamente un male. Le tesi principali sono le seguenti. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.       La crisi politica italiana, la “cattiva politica”, è figlia della crisi dei partiti. Il buon governo richiede una nuova forma di partito che serva come mezzo di comunicazione e sistema intermedio tra stato e territorio, tra eletti ed elettori. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.         La degenerazione del sistema&amp;nbsp; politico nasce dalla commistione tra uno stato burocratico e dei partiti “stato –centrici”. I partiti sono finanziati dallo Stato che a sua volta  controllano.  Questa commistione  ha conseguenze perverse perché  i partiti si trasformano in clientele e non rispondono agli iscritti, anzi trasformano gli iscritti in ricettori di regalie;  le lobbies utilizzano i partiti per far prevalere i loro interessi su quelli  generali; il ricambio della classe dirigente è bloccato; viene meno  la comunicazione tra territorio e stato eletti ed elettori &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.       Una democrazia matura ed efficiente richiede dei partiti, cioè delle associazioni tenute insieme da una visione comune. L’esperienza di élite illuminate fallisce perché non è in grado  di ascoltare il territorio e di attingere alle esperienze ed alle conoscenze diffuse. La Rete è uno strumento importante, ma &lt;a href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.it/2013/04/tutto-il-potere-al-popolo-della-rete.html"&gt;non va mitizzata&lt;/a&gt; , perché spesso si devono cercare soluzioni nuove con tempi che, richiedono, direbbe Kahneman, un &lt;a href="http://2000battute.wordpress.com/2012/05/15/pensieri-lenti-e-veloci-daniel-kahneman/"&gt;pensiero lento&lt;/a&gt; . Ma non sono sufficienti neppure le associazioni private e gruppi di pressione, perché portatori di istanze legittime ma particolari, e perché spesso collusi col sistema Stato-partiti,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.       Il cambiamento della politica deve partire dall’organizzazione di nuovi partiti, perché i leader illuminati rischiano di fallire per l’opposizione dei gruppi dirigenti. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.       Il “nuovo partito” dev’essere capace di mobilitare i saperi, essere aperto ad un confronto informato, e soprattutto deve essere separato dallo Stato &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I punti 3,4 e  5 mi sembrano condivisibili, mentre la premessa che la cattiva politica discenda dalla crisi dei partiti mi sembra discutibile.  Nel dopoguerra, per  non parlare delle esperienze precedenti, il clientelismo, la corruzione ed il voto di scambio  erano la regola, pur in presenza  di partiti, PCI, DC e PSI,  radicati sul territorio, portatori di istanze locali, uniti da  ideologie forti,  e persino in grado di selezionare una classe dirigente decente, se rapportata a quella attuale. Dunque partiti che funzionano sono forse necessari al buon governo, ma certo non sono sufficienti.La ragione è che quando lo Stato (inclusi i poteri locali)&amp;nbsp; intermedia una quota molto ampia del reddito nazionale, la separazione tra politica, partiti e Stato, invocata nella tesi al punto 2,  diventa molto difficile. Soprattutto laddove la cultura della legalità è poco diffusa. In altri termini, è il peso dello Stato in economia, insieme alla caduta delle ideologie, alla secolarizzazione della societa ed alla scomparsa della classe operaia, che ha portato alla degenerazione della politica in Italia. E' per questo che i partiti politici hanno sempre favorito l'espansione della spesa. Una riforma dei partiti in Italia&amp;nbsp; richiede che si riduca il  peso dello Stato nell’economia. Il problema non è tanto o solo  il finanziamento pubblico dei partiti: è il ruolo che questi ultimi giocano nell’occupazione &lt;i&gt;manu militari&lt;/i&gt; dei consigli di amministrazione  delle &lt;i&gt;public utilities&lt;/i&gt; locali, nelle ASL, nelle imprese di Stato, nelle Fondazioni bancarie, nella Cassa Depositi e Prestiti etc.Smantellare questo sistema di potere richiede molto di più che riformare i partiti. Richiede ridurre il ruolo Stato nell’economia..&lt;br /&gt;
Il documento offre una lettura interessante nel delineare la forma auspicabile di partito (“i fini”), mentre la parte sui “mezzi” per realizzarla è appena abbozzata e posta in termini di interrogativi. Ad esempio, ci si chiede come coniugare, nel nuovo partito,  il perseguimento di fini egoistici e quelli di spirito pubblico, ovvero come contemperare  giudizi indipendenti e imitazione. Il che equivale al problema di come disegnare un  sistema di incentivi che non riproduca il modello di partito come mezzo per ottenere ricchezza e potere.   Un problema di  &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_theory"&gt;teoria dei contratti&lt;/a&gt; piuttosto complicato, di cui non è data sapere che soluzione viene proposta. Ma questo problema ne rimanda ad un altro, fondamentale. Visto che oggi i partiti sono centri di potere largamente parassitari, come si fa a riformarli e trasformarli nel partito ideale di Barca? Il quesito è posto in termini di scelta tra una strategia di “cold turkey” (doccia fredda), che traduco liberamente in “epurazione dell’intero gruppo dirigente nazionale e locale”, oppure una strategia “gradualista”, che traduco in "cooptazione di una parte della dirigenza ed epurazione di un'altra", come nel modello di &lt;a href="http://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v85y1995i5p1207-23.html"&gt;Dewatripont e Roland (1995)&lt;/a&gt; . La strategia gradualista, va osservato,&amp;nbsp; ha il pregio di essere maggiormente sostenibile poiché divide gli oppositori.&amp;nbsp; Ma, se vale l’impietosa analisi di Barca sulla degenerazione dei partiti politici, è lecito chiedersi se questi non siano oramai&amp;nbsp; irriformabili. Le novità più interessanti nel nuovo panorama politico italiano, il M5S e Fermare il Declino, hanno dato a questa domanda una risposta affermativa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://a.mytrend.it/irs/2013/04/456135/o.165511.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://a.mytrend.it/irs/2013/04/456135/o.165511.jpg" height="240" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Intervista a Daniele Chicca di &lt;a href="http://www.wallstreetitalia.com/article/1541555/prelievo-forzoso-un-arma-a-doppio-taglio.aspx"&gt;Wall Street Italia&lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://www.oggi.it/attualita/files/2013/02/elezioni_governo_bersani_grillo_berlusconi_645.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://www.oggi.it/attualita/files/2013/02/elezioni_governo_bersani_grillo_berlusconi_645.jpg" height="163" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
La discesa in campo di Renzi ha sparigliato le carte, allineando gli incentivi di Berlusconi, Grillo e Bersani (BGB). Grillo e Berlusconi hanno molto da perdere, in termini di consenso elettorale, se riuscisse il take-over di Renzi sul PD, ed il centrosinistra&amp;nbsp; si presentasse alle prossime&amp;nbsp; elezioni con la nuova leadership (vedi il &lt;a href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.it/2013/04/tutto-il-potere-al-popolo-della-rete.html"&gt;post con Luca Lambertini&lt;/a&gt;). La sopravvivenza politica di Bersani richiede anch'essa il fallimento del take-over del sindaco di Firenze.&lt;br /&gt;
Dunque Renzi si trova oggi si trova contro il fronte unito BGB. Per uscire dall'impasse dell' abbraccio soffocante Bersani-Berlusconi, con Grillo alla finestra, ci sono due possibilità.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;che Renzi se ne vada dal PD: improbabile, perché indebolirebbe se stesso&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;che a Renzi riesca&amp;nbsp; un take-over &lt;b&gt;non ostile&lt;/b&gt; in cui Bersani mantenga un ruolo non puramente decorativo&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Altrimenti temo che il BGB porterà il paese in acque tempestose. &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Like everybody, Germany was surprised by the Italian election; it 
had hoped a coalition of the incumbent prime minister, Mario Monti, and 
center-left leader, Pier Luigi Bersani, could run Italy and continue 
pursuing “Plan A.” In all likelihood, such an outcome would have led to 
Italy accepting painful austerity and reforms, while Germany, the core 
and the ECB agreed to be patient and provide substantial fiscal 
(EFSF/EFSM and now ESM) and ECB liquidity (a building up of Target 2 
balances, LTROs, full allotment, SMP and now the OMT bond-buying 
program) resources. The election results dashed these hopes.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;b&gt;At first, German policy makers decided not to make public statements about the perilousness of Italy’s position, &lt;/b&gt;instead
 hoping that a broad coalition government could be formed, ensuring 
maintenance of fiscal discipline and structural reforms. German policy 
makers realized that confronting Italy publicly would be 
counter-productive as it would inflame populist forces. The German 
government and the dominant Christian Democrats (CDU) party also don’t 
want an Italian crisis prior to the German election in the fall. 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;However, in the past three weeks, &lt;b&gt;Germany’s concern has escalated and a significant hardening of its position toward Italy has taken place.&lt;/b&gt;
 First, officials at the Bundesbank—always opposed to Italy making use 
of OMT—have signaled in private that there is absolutely no chance of 
Italy signing a memorandum of understanding (MoU; the necessary first 
step before accessing OMT) and that any easing of OMT conditionality is 
unacceptable. Also, the ECB is now clearly of the view that, without a 
sound Italian government that could credibly sign an MoU, there is no 
way the ECB could open the OMT program for Italy; most ECB members are 
committed to conditional—rather than an unconditional—OMT. 
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Anyway, given the fall in the EZ inflation rate, the downside 
risks to economic growth and the tail risks coming from Cyprus and 
Italy, the ECB is already independently leaning in the direction of 
policy easing. It is highly likely to cut the refinancing (refi) rate 
soon and could even undertake additional policy easing operations, such 
as some form of credit easing. This should, indirectly, help Italy.
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contrary to the hawkish German view, &lt;b&gt;the tone in Paris toward Italy is on the whole less alarmist.&lt;/b&gt;
 That being said, the French finance ministry’s position is different to
 that of the presidency at the Elysée Palace. The finance ministry is 
fiscally more conservative and still hopes that some variant of Plan A 
will work for Italy and for other EZ periphery members. Those closer to 
President François Hollande and Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault are 
more concerned about Italy and the lack of a growth strategy for the 
currency union.
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Germany now thinks Italy is lost,&lt;/b&gt; believing that, whatever 
government is formed, it will not be able to follow policies that are 
even vaguely close to Plan A. German sources have told us that, if 
things go wrong in Italy (which is likely), there are only two options: &lt;b&gt;Either Germany leaves the EZ or Italy leaves the EZ.&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;b&gt;So, an Italy-Germany confrontation seems almost inevitable.&lt;/b&gt; Who will blink in this game of chicken? There are three possibilities:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Italy makes it:&lt;/b&gt; Italy ends up blinking and goes back 
to some variant of Plan A. German policy makers seem ready to negotiate a
 tradeoff between austerity measures and structural reforms: Faster 
progress on the latter might be traded for a slower pace of austerity.&lt;br /&gt;
2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Italy muddles through:&lt;/b&gt; Italy and Germany both 
blink—although Germany and the ECB concede more—and find a compromise 
that continues (however awkwardly) the current muddle-through approach 
to the crisis. In this scenario, Germans debate whether challenging 
Italy with renewed market discipline may not be a better strategy than 
accommodating Italy with ECB easing. &lt;br /&gt;
3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Italy breaks it:&lt;/b&gt; After a period of brinkmanship, Germany and Italy end up on collision course. At that stage, two possibilities emerge: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Germany blinks,&lt;/b&gt; because the cost of an EZ breakup would be huge 
for Germany and everyone else in the EZ, including the risk of the 
destruction of the EU single market and the political project. Italy 
gets a much easier ride (but not to the extent that the ECB buys BTPs 
unconditionally). &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Germany does not blink,&lt;/b&gt; preventing the EZ becoming a 
true transfer union where fiscal and liquidity resources are used to 
backstop a large number of distressed members even if they don’t deliver
 on their commitments to fiscal austerity and reforms. If Germany does 
not blink, BTP-bund spreads widen sharply before a new Italian election.
 The ECB has indicated to us that it would do everything possible to 
ring-fence Spain, most likely via an OMT program, and, if need be, offer
 further support to current program countries.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
To read the full analysis, visit &lt;a href="http://clicks.skem1.com/trkr/?c=444&amp;amp;g=17738&amp;amp;p=dbf0deb3d0ce6c2718c74c2a1bbfe294&amp;amp;u=acd5093717b6f0485bc15ced73ccb22c&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;t=1" target="_blank"&gt;roubini.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/gNbfRgsMP9g" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/9121614421835021272/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/nouriel-on-how-germans-see-us.html#comment-form" title="0 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/9121614421835021272?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/9121614421835021272?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/gNbfRgsMP9g/nouriel-on-how-germans-see-us.html" title="Nouriel on how the Germans see us.." /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/nouriel-on-how-germans-see-us.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkcNQH89cCp7ImA9WhBWEEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-5167399253380215445</id><published>2013-04-04T10:28:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2013-04-04T10:28:11.168+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-04-04T10:28:11.168+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Draghi" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cipro" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Banche" /><title>Sul Foglio Banche Stressate </title><content type="html">Un articolo di Marco Valerio Lo Prete&amp;nbsp; del&lt;a href="http://www.ilfoglio.it/soloqui/17618"&gt; Foglio &lt;/a&gt;su "Banche sotto Stress" riporta una breve intervista.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/pabGiZNiFSY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/5167399253380215445/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/sul-foglio-banche-stressate.html#comment-form" title="0 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/5167399253380215445?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/5167399253380215445?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/pabGiZNiFSY/sul-foglio-banche-stressate.html" title="Sul Foglio Banche Stressate " /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/sul-foglio-banche-stressate.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEMBQHsyeip7ImA9WhBWEEw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-3239122178883176126</id><published>2013-04-03T19:18:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2013-04-03T21:14:11.592+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-04-03T21:14:11.592+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Rete" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pd" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bersani" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Democrazia" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Condorcet" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Primarie" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="grillo" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Renzi" /><title>Tutto il Potere al Popolo (della Rete, delle Primarie etc)</title><content type="html">&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;di Luca Lambertini e Paolo Manasse (*)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://guidatv.sky.it/app/guidatv/images/epgimages/2010/10/07/32077b_Il-Marchese-del-Grillo-rich-visore.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://guidatv.sky.it/app/guidatv/images/epgimages/2010/10/07/32077b_Il-Marchese-del-Grillo-rich-visore.jpg" height="226" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Secondo un’opinione molto diffusa, soprattutto, ma non solo,  tra gli attivisti e i simpatizzanti  del Movimento a 5 Stelle, Internet starebbe rivoluzionando le forme della democrazia. La tesi è la seguente. Grazie alla Rete oggi non abbiamo più bisogno delle agenzie di viaggio per prenotare una vacanza, né delle Poste per spedire una lettera,  né di una banca per comprare e vendere titoli in borsa, né dei giornali (e giornalisti). &lt;i&gt;La Rete ci libera dagli intermediari&lt;/i&gt;.  La Rete abbatte le barriere all’entrata e prosciuga le rendite di posizione. Allo stesso modo, si sostiene, la tecnologia  permette oggi ai cittadini di esprimersi  direttamente col voto sui ”temi” in agenda, realizzando, qui ed ora, l’ideale della democrazia. Per tale ragione va archiviata la democrazia rappresentativa, divenuta col tempo ricettacolo di politici di professione, lobbies, poteri forti e magna-magna vari: la tecnologia l’ha resa obsoleta. Discendono da questa tesi varie implicazioni importanti, che vanno dal metodo per eleggere i candidati nelle liste dei partiti, a quello per determinare la linea politica di un movimento, al ruolo dei referendum propositivi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eppure, a ben pensarci, c’è una importante differenza tra, ad esempio, comprare un volo on-line oppure esprimersi pro/contro una proposta politica. La differenza è che nel primo caso la mia scelta personale (quale volo acquistare) non  vincola le scelte altrui; al contrario, quando votiamo, le nostre preferenze  politiche concorrono  a formare una volontà collettiva (di un’associazione, un partito, una comunità) che vincola tutti i membri della collettività (tutti devono “comprare lo stesso volo”). E questa è una  bella differenza, ed è anche un bel  problema, perché le procedure che vengono seguite per formare la volontà collettiva diventano di importanza cruciale nel determinare il risultato stesso della scelta. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L’esempio più noto è quello del “paradosso del &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet"&gt;Marchese di Condorcet&lt;/a&gt;”, il matematico e filosofo politico illuminista francese della seconda metà del 18&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;mo&lt;/span&gt; secolo, che illustrò per primo le difficoltà insite nel processo di trasformare le preferenze individuali in scelte collettive. L’esempio è riportato nella tabella qui sotto, e adattato ai giorni nostri.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YsOYvCR3bHI/UVxhb7vsdPI/AAAAAAAACQU/8mIadpb1HR4/s1600/Immagine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YsOYvCR3bHI/UVxhb7vsdPI/AAAAAAAACQU/8mIadpb1HR4/s1600/Immagine.jpg" height="145" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Si considerano tre votanti 1-2-3, che hanno diverse preferenze su tre possibili “scelte” di leader dello schieramento di “centro-sinistra”, Bersani, Renzi, Grillo. Il primo elettore (“pd - tradizionale”) , preferisce Bersani a  Renzi , ma sarebbe pronto a votare quest’ultimo pur di evitare Grillo ; il secondo (“pro-rinnovamento”)  voterebbe Renzi, ma pur di evitare Bersani appoggerebbe  Grillo. Il terzo (“radicale di sinistra”) preferisce Grillo, ma dovendo scegliere tra Bersani e Renzi opterebbe per il primo. Se tutti e tre i candidati venissero proposti simultaneamente agli elettori, ciascuno riceverebbe un&amp;nbsp; voto, cioè un terzo del totale, e nessuno otterrebbe  la maggioranza. La cosa interessante è capire quale sarebbe l’esito di una votazione “ad eliminazione diretta”  in cui nelle “primarie” si voti il candidato che deve sfidare il terzo candidato al secondo turno.  
Ad  esempio, se al primo turno si fronteggiano Bersani contro Renzi, vince  Bersani che è preferito dagli elettori 1 e 3; e  poi al secondo turno, tra  Bersani e Grillo vince Grillo che ottiene il voto degli elettori  2 e 3. Dunque questa procedura porta ad una scelta collettiva a favore di Grillo. Ma supponiamo che invece, &lt;i&gt;chi decide l’agenda&lt;/i&gt; stabilisca che alle “primarie” si debba scegliere tra Grillo e Bersani: vincerà ora Grillo, favorito  da 2 e 3. A sua volta Grillo verrà eliminato da Renzi al secondo turno, che riceverà il voto di 1 e 2: dunque la collettività sceglierà Renzi. Com’è possibile? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il problema nasce dal fatto che dal meccanismo di voto descrittto si ricavano preferenze collettive che non sono transitive: la collettività preferisce Grillo a Bersani, Bersani  a Renzi,  &lt;i&gt;ma preferisce Renzi a  Grillo&lt;/i&gt;! Questo esempio non è una curiosità priva di rilevanza, ma un problema molto generale  &lt;a href="http://gatton.uky.edu/Faculty/hoytw/751/articles/arrow.pdf"&gt;descritto nel 1950 da Kenneth Arrow&lt;/a&gt; nel cosiddetto “Teorema di impossibilità”. Questo&lt;br /&gt;
mostra le difficoltà di “aggregare” le preferenze individuali in un insieme “coerente” di preferenze collettive. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gli elettori e i partiti statunitensi hanno sperimentato il paradosso nel 1976, quando Jimmy Carter vinse la corsa alla Casa Bianca contro Gerald Ford: questi alle primarie del Partito Repubblicano aveva battuto Ronald Reagan, nonstante i sondaggi dessero l’attore di Hollywood favorito nello scontro con  Carter.
Alla luce dell’esempio, anche caso italiano appare  curioso: abbiamo un &lt;i&gt;Agenda setter&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;(il Partito Democratico) miope, autoreferenziale,  privo di strategia e dunque autolesionista  (“continuiamo a farci del male”), che al primo turno sceglie il candidato (Bersani) che ha la maggior probabilità di perdere al secondo (e decisivo) turno. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La lezione generale che dobbiamo trarre è la seguente: come sanno tutti coloro che hanno esperienza delle assemblee degli studenti degli anni settanta (“Tutto il potere al Popolo/Soviet/Assemblea”), chi ha il potere di determinare l’Agenda può in alcuni casi manipolare il risultato del voto a suo piacere: nell’esempio di Condorcet, per fare approvare una qualsiasi proposta, all’ agenda-setter è sufficiente tenerla per il secondo turno. La tesi di chi auspica il superamento della democrazia rappresentativa,  con le sue articolazioni di interessi particolari (i sindacati, le associazioni) va dunque  considerata con molta prudenza, perché il diavolo si annida nei dettagli. Il culto semplicistico  della “democrazia diretta” può trasformare l’espresssione della “volontà del popolo (della rete)” in un docile strumento di consenso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(*) rispettivamente Professore di Economia industriale e Direttore del Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, e Professore di Macroeconomia all' Università di Bologna&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~4/2fV9yrIJPTI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/feeds/3239122178883176126/comments/default" title="Commenti sul post" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/tutto-il-potere-al-popolo-della-rete.html#comment-form" title="0 Commenti" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/3239122178883176126?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3095151431790916329/posts/default/3239122178883176126?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/XMijC/~3/2fV9yrIJPTI/tutto-il-potere-al-popolo-della-rete.html" title="Tutto il Potere al Popolo (della Rete, delle Primarie etc)" /><author><name>Paolo Manasse</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05405945042711019066</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="24" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5DJOMJ-CIEo/S03R-agizII/AAAAAAAAA9Q/nlgkEHlR_4w/S220/Paolo_Canada.JPG" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YsOYvCR3bHI/UVxhb7vsdPI/AAAAAAAACQU/8mIadpb1HR4/s72-c/Immagine.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://paolomanasse.blogspot.com/2013/04/tutto-il-potere-al-popolo-della-rete.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEEBSHg6fyp7ImA9WhBXF08.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3095151431790916329.post-2890962398957403938</id><published>2013-03-31T12:44:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2013-03-31T12:44:19.617+02:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2013-03-31T12:44:19.617+02:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Napolitano" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="crisi politica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Commossione saggi" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Italia" /><title>I saggi e i numeri</title><content type="html">La decisione&amp;nbsp; del Presidente Napolitano di nominare due commissioni di saggi, una che elabori prosposte di riforme istituzionali ed una per quelle economiche risponde, a mio avviso, alla logica seguente: spostare al centro del dibattito le "cose da fare", al posto della "maggioranze politica" che deve farle. Le "cose da fare" immediatamente sono note: riforma elettorale, rimborsi dei debiti della&amp;nbsp; pubblica amministrazione e se c'è tempo, taglio del cuneo fiscale. Ma la "maggioranza politica" non si trova, e non, come sostengono molti opinionisti,&amp;nbsp; per la "miope ostinazione" dei partiti che chiusi in se stessi , ignorerebbero le esigenze del paese. Non si trova per i "numeri" : i sondaggi indicano che&amp;nbsp; il M5S perderebbe circa la metà dei consensi (i delusi da Berlusconi) se appoggiasse un governo filo-PD, il PD ne perderebbe almeno altrettanti se appoggiasse una "grosse koalition" con Berlusconi, mentre il PdL può far di tutto perchè comunque conta solo Silvio. E' irrealistico chiedere ai partiti di suicidarsi tradendo il mandato dei loro elettori. Dunque Napolitano&amp;nbsp; prende tempo e&amp;nbsp; pensa allo seguente scenario:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;le proposte dei saggi vengono fatte proprie dal governo che chiede i voti al Parlamento;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PD e PdLvotano a favore delle proposte, ed il PD salvala faccia non avendo fatto un governo con Berlusconi; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;viene eletto un nuovo Presidente&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&amp;nbsp;A questo punto il nodo dell' assenza di una maggioranza politica verrebbe al pettine, e, credo, l'unica via d'uscita sarebbe passare al punto&lt;a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3095151431790916329#editor/target=post;postID=8722359185734632208"&gt; 2 del mio precedente post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;a class="twitter-timeline"  href="https://twitter.com/pmanasse"  data-widget-id="323189111932456960"&gt;Tweets by @pmanasse&lt;/a&gt;
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