Web Developers Portal

How to display Image in table cell using FPDF and Easy table

2022-06-06T04:33:00.004-07:00

$table->easyCell('', 'img:'.$photo.', w80; align:C;rowspan:5');

How to reset AUTO_INCREMENT in MySQL

2022-05-31T04:41:00.004-07:00

ALTER TABLE tablename AUTO_INCREMENT = 1

DataTables warning: table id=example - Invalid JSON response: How to Debug?

2022-05-20T00:01:00.004-07:00

Use CTRL+SHIFT+I (or navigate to Current Page Control > Developer > Developer Tools. In the newer versions of Chrome, click the Wrench icon > Tools > Developer Tools.) to enable the Developer Tools.
From within the developer tools click on the Network button.
Click the "XHR" sub-button.
Initiate an AJAX call.
Double click the Name of the page under the Network button. It will open a new page with the details of the error.

Prevent caching data from database in PhP FullCalendar

2022-05-11T03:58:00.005-07:00

How to configure PHP Calendar with events from database?

2022-05-06T05:09:00.005-07:00

Download fullcalendar file from : https://github.com/fullcalendar/fullcalendar/releases

PhP Page

Inside <HEAD> Tag

Inside BODY Tag

<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1 align="center" style=" padding: 3%;"> Calendar Heading</h1>
<div id='calendar'></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>

loadevent.php

--> Database connection establishment

$data = array();
$stmt = $con->prepare(" SQL QUERY ");
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
$data[] = array(
'id' => $row["No"],
'title' => $row["title"], // DB ATTRIBUTE NAME FOR TITLE

'start' => $row["DATE1"], // DB START DATE ENTRY in yy-mm-dd 00:00:00 format
'end' => $row["DATE2"], // DB END DATE ENTRY in yy-mm-dd 00:00:00 format
'description' => $row[" Description "], // DB Description attribute

);
//result is in row
}

echo json_encode($data);

Warning: mysqli_query() expects parameter 1 to be mysqli, resource given

2022-05-03T22:55:00.001-07:00

Reason for the error:
You are mixing mysqli and mysql extensions in the code, which will not work. mysqli has many improvements over the original mysql extension, so it is recommended to use mysqli .

Pre Populate jquery Token input textbox with PhP MySQLi Resultset

2022-04-29T03:01:00.004-07:00

Tokeninput is a jQuery plugin that allows users to select multiple items from a predefined list.

Download jquery token input plugin from https://loopj.com/jquery-tokeninput/
Extract the zip file and put jquery.tokeninput.js and token-input.css in the application root folder.
Download the latest version of jquery.min.js

SQL

CREATE TABLE `user` (

`id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,

`designation` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,

`email` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `user` (`id`, `name`, `designation`, `email`) VALUES

(1, 'User1', 'Senior Manager', 'user1@gm.com'),

(2, 'User2', 'Head of IT', 'aru@rrg.com');

PhP Code

<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>

<title>Token input Demo</title>

<link

href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,300|Open+Sans:400,300,600,700"

rel="stylesheet" />

</head>

<?php

error_reporting(0);

$con = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "rgcbres_accounts");

if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {

echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();

}

$(document).ready(function () {

$("#nameinput").tokenInput("tget-users.php", {

});

</script>

<body>

<h4>Token Input Demo</h4>

<form action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>" method="post"

id="searchform" enctype="multipart/form-data">

<label class="control-label col-sm-3" for="scst">Name <font

style="color: red;">*</font></label>

<input type="text" id="nameinput" name="nameinput" required=""

class="form-control" placeholder="" />

</div>

<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" name="Submit"

value="Submit">

</div>

</form>

<?php

if ($_POST['Submit']) {

if (trim($_POST['nameinput']) != "") {

$selected_name_arr = array();

$selected_nameinput = $_POST['nameinput'];

$selected_name_arr = explode(',', $selected_nameinput);

<form class="form-horizontal" id="saveform" action="#" method="post"

enctype="multipart/form-data">

<thead>

<tr>

Designation </b></td>

<td style="background-color: #f0ad4e; width: 20%;"><b> Email </b></td>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<?php

$sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id IN (" . implode(',', $selected_name_arr) . ")";

$result = $con->query($sql);

$sino = 1;

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {

// output data of each row

while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {

<tr>

</tr>

<?php

$sino ++;

}

</tbody>

</table>

</div>

</form>

<?php

}

</div>

</body>

</html>

tget-users.php

<?php

$con = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "rgcbres_accounts");

if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {

echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();

}

$users_arr = array();

$searchTerm = $_GET['q'];

$query = $con->query("SELECT id,name FROM user WHERE name LIKE '".$searchTerm."%' ORDER BY name ASC LIMIT 15");

if($query->num_rows > 0){

while($row = $query->fetch_assoc()){

$users_arr[] = $row;

}

echo json_encode($users_arr);

Distributed Systems

2022-04-29T00:03:00.008-07:00

Distributed Systems

Consists of multiple computers and software components that communicate through a computer network.
Can consist of any number of possible configurations, such as mainframes, workstations, personal computers, and so on.
The computers interact with each other and share the resources of the system to achieve a common goal

Advantages of Distributed Systems

Reliability (fault tolerance)

The important advantage of distributed computing system is reliability. If some of the machines within the system crash, the rest of the computers remain unaffected and work does not stop.

Scalability

In distributed computing the system can easily be expanded by adding more machines as needed.

Sharing of Resources

Shared data is essential to many applications such as banking, reservation system. As data or resources are shared in distributed system, other resources can be also shared (e.g. expensive printers).

Flexibility

As the system is very flexible, it is very easy to install, implement and debug new services.

Speed

A distributed computing system can have more computing power and it's speed makes it different than other systems.

Open system

As it is open system, every service is equally accessible to every client i.e. local or remote.

Performance

The collection of processors in the system can provide higher performance (and better price/performance ratio) than a centralized computer.

Disadvantages of Distributed Systems

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting and diagnosing problems.

Software

Less software support is the main disadvantage of distributed computing system.

Networking

The network infrastructure can create several problems such as transmission problem, overloading, loss of messages.

Security

Easy access in distributed computing system increases the risk of security and sharing of data generates the problem of data security

Platform as a service (PaaS)

2022-04-27T22:03:00.000-07:00

Platform as a service (PaaS)

The PaaS model provides the tools within an environment needed to create applications that can run in a Software as a Service model
PaaS is application middleware offered as a service to developers, integrators, and architects.
Development and Operation teams use PaaS to design, build, and deliver customized applications or information services.
Instead of relying on standardized SaaS, teams using PaaS have more control over solution architecture, quality of service, user experience, data models, identity, integration, and business logic.
In PaaS you are given a toolkit to work with, a virtual machine to run your software on, and it is up to you to design the software and its user-facing interface in a way that is appropriate to your needs.
So PaaS systems range from full-blown developer platforms like Windows Azure to systems like Drupal, Squarespace, Wolf, and others where the tools are modules that are very well developed and require almost no coding.
PaaS solution will ensure the availability of the application despite downtime of the underlying virtual machine by automatically creating a new instance of the application on a new virtual machine when the machine goes down.
PaaS systems can be used to host a variety of cloud services

Online portal-based applications like Facebook that need to scale to thousands of users
Startup who wants to host their new application in a Software-as-a-Service model
Can also be used for massively parallel computations
Enterprises can deploy their Line-of-Business applications in the cloud, taking advantage of the scale and availability while still maintaining security and privacy of data

PaaS examples

Windows Azure

Google App Engine

Hadoop platform

Drupal

Wolf Frameworks

Force.com

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

2022-04-27T21:55:00.001-07:00

AWS is Amazon’s umbrella description of all of their web-based technology services. Main services include:

Compute
Storage
Database
Deployment & Management
Application Services
Networking
Content Delivery

Category	Service
Compute	Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR) Auto scaling Elastic Load Balancing
Storage	Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Amazon Glacier AWS Storage Gateway AWS Import/Export
Content Delivery	Amazon CloudFront
Database	Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) Amazon DynamoDB Amazon ElastiCache
Deployment & Management	AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Amazon CloudWatch AWS Elastic Beanstalk AWS CloudFormation
Application Services	Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) Amazon CloudSearch
Networking	Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) Amazon Route 53 AWS Direct Connect

SaaS (Software as a Service)

2022-04-26T22:54:00.000-07:00

SaaS - Definition

The most complete cloud computing service model is one in which the computing hardware and software, as well as the solution itself, are provided by a vendor as a complete service offering.
SaaS is a model where an application is hosted on a remote data center and provided as a service to customers across the internet.
In this model the provider takes care of all software development, maintenance and upgrades.
Salesforce.com is a common and popular example of a CRM SaaS application.

Is it customizable?

Many people believe that SaaS software is not customizable, and in many SaaS applications this is indeed the case. eg: user-centric application like office suite
Many other SaaS solutions expose Application Programming Interfaces (API) to developers to allow them to create custom composite applications eg: Salesforce.com, Quicken.com, etc

So, SaaS does not necessarily mean that the software is static or monolithic.

SaaS characteristics

The software is available over the Internet globally through a browser on demand
The typical license is subscription-based or usage-based and is billed on a recurring basis
The software and the service are monitored and maintained by the vendor, regardless of where all the different software components are running
Reduced distribution, maintenance costs and minimal end
user system costs generally make SaaS applications cheaper to use than their shrink-wrapped versions
Such applications feature automated upgrades, updates, and patch management and much faster rollout of changes
SaaS applications often have a much lower barrier to entry than their locally installed competitors, a known recurring cost, and they scale on demand
All users have the same version of the software, so each user's software is compatible with another's
SaaS supports multiple users and provides a shared data model through a single-instance, multi-tenancy model

SaaS - Pros

No large upfront costs - usually free trials
Anywhere, anytime, anyone - mobility
Stay focused on business processes
Change software to an Operating Expense instead of a Capital Purchase, making better accounting and budgeting sense.
Create a consistent application environment for all users
No concerns for cross platform support
Easy Access
Reduced piracy of your software
Lower Cost:

For an affordable monthly subscription;
Implementation fees are significantly lower

Continuous Technology Enhancements

SaaS - Cons

Initial time needed for licensing and agreements

Trust, or the lack thereof, is the number one factor blocking the adoption of software as a service (SaaS).
Centralized control
Possible erosion of customer privacy

Absence of disconnected use
Not suited to high volume data entry
Broadband risk

SaaS ??

Imagine a system

where you don't have to buy new hardware or update software
where you pay nothing or pay as much as you use
where everything is done as a service: Infrastructure, computing, storage and usage
where you don't worry about your resources spent on Infrastructure security and operational security where you cut your IT spending
where you have freedom of usage from anywhere with internet connectivity
which is eco-friendly

Example SaaS applications

Salesforce.com
Google Apps

Gmail, Google Groups, Google Calendar, Talk, Docs, etc
Google Apps Marketplace (Google apps for both free and for a fee)

Microsoft Office 365

Office 365 is a subscription-based online office and software plus services suite which offers access to various services and software built around the Microsoft Office platform

Which applications are suitable?

Any application can be deployed in this way. However communications over the Internet are not as fast as local connections - so leave any high volume data entry applications on your internal LAN or WAN. All the rest can go on the Internet under a SaaS approach.

Myths

SaaS is still relatively new and untested
SaaS is just another version of the failed ASP and hosting models of the past and will suffer the same fate as its predecessors
SaaS only relieves companies of the upfront costs of traditional software licenses
SaaS is only for small and mid-sized businesses and will not be accepted by large-scale organizations
SaaS only applies to applications such as CRM and Salesforce automation
SaaS will only have a minor impact on the software industry and will fade over time
It will be easy for the established software vendors to offer SaaS and dominate this market
SaaS is only for corporate users

Traditional packaged Software Vs SaaS

Traditional packaged Software	Saas
Designed for customers to install, manage and maintain	Designed from the outset up for delivery as Internet-based services
Architect solutions to be run by an individual company in a dedicated instantiation of the software	Designed to run thousands of different customers on a single code
Infrequent, major upgrades every 18-24 months, sold individually to each installed base customer	Frequent, "digestible" upgrades every 3-6 months to minimize customer disruption and enhance satisfaction
Version control	Version control
Upgrade fee	- do -
Fixing a problem for individual customer	Fixing a problem for one customer fixes it for everyone

Export mysqli resultset as excel with nested table in PhP

2022-04-25T05:10:00.003-07:00

<?php
error_reporting(E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE);
$con = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "tablename");
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();
}
$output = '';
$stmt3 = $con->prepare("SELECT id,registrationid,name,email,mobile,nationality,state,district,gender from adv33");
$stmt3->execute();
$stmt3->bind_result($id, $registrationid, $name, $email, $mobile, $nationality, $state, $district, $gender);
$stmt3->store_result();
if ($stmt3->num_rows > 0) {
$output .= '
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Mobile</th>
<th>Nationality</th>
<th>State</th>
<th>District</th>
<th>Gender</th>
</tr>
';
while ($stmt3->fetch()) {
$output .= '
<tr>
<td>' . $name . '</td>
<td>' . $email . '</td>
<td>' . $mobile . '</td>
<td>' . $nationality . '</td>
<td>' . $state . '</td>
<td>' . $district . '</td>
<td>' . $gender . '</td>
</tr>';
$output .= '
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><b>Post</b></td>
<td><b>Company</b></td>
<td><b>From Date</b></td>
<td><b>To Date</b></td>
<td><b>Scale of Pay</b></td>
';
$stmt4 = $con->prepare("SELECT slno,email,post,company,fromdate,todate,scale FROM adv33exp where email ='$registrationid'");
$stmt4->execute();
/* bind result variables */
$stmt4->bind_result($slno, $email, $post, $company, $fromdate, $todate, $scale);
$stmt4->store_result();
if ($stmt4->num_rows > 0) {
/* fetch value */
while ($stmt4->fetch()) {
$output .= '
<tr>
<td>' . $post . '</td>
<td>' . $company . '</td>
<td>' . $fromdate . '</td>
<td>' . $todate . '</td>
<td>' . $scale . '</td>
</tr>
';
}
}
}
$output .= '</table>';
header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=Applicants.xls");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
header("Expires: 0");
echo $output;
}
?>

How to get hidden field value in jquery?

2022-04-24T22:46:00.008-07:00

JS Code

$(document).ready(function(){

var userid = $('#userid').val();

}

</script>

HTML Code

Software Development: Iterative and Evolutionary Development

2022-04-23T02:42:00.002-07:00

Iterative and Evolutionary Development

Involves early programming and testing of a partial system, in repeating cycles.
Relies on short quick development steps (or iterations), feedback and adaptation to clarify the requirements and design so successively enlarging and refining a system.
Normally assumes that the development starts before all requirements are defined in detail, feedback is used to clarify and improve the evolving specifications.
Each iteration will include requirements, analysis, design, implementation, and test.
Iterative feedback and evolution leads towards the desired system. The requirements and design instability lowers over time.

Current research demonstrates that iterative methods are associated with higher success and productivity rates, and lower defect levels.

Timeboxing

A key idea is that iterations are timeboxed, or fixed in length.

Most iterative methods recommend in iteration length between 2 – 6 weeks.
If it seems that it will be difficult to meet the deadline, the recommended response is to de-scope

De-scoping: removing tasks or requirements from the iteration, and including them in a future iteration, rather than slipping the completion date.

Iterative and Evolutionary Development (also known as iterative and inceremental development; spiral development and evolutionary development)

Build-Feedback-Adapt Cycles

In complex changing systems, feedback and adaptation are key ingredients for success:

Feedback from early development, programmers trying to read specifications, and client demos: to refine the requirements.
Feedback from tests and developers : to refine the design and models.
Feedback from the progress of the team tackling early features : to refine the schedule and estimates.

Benefits of Iterative development

Less project failure, better productivity, and lower defect rates
Early rather than late mitigation of high risks
Early visible progress
Early feedback, user engagement, and adaptation
Managed complexity: the team is not overwhelmed by “analysis paralysis” or very long and complex steps
The learning within an iteration can be methodically used to improve the development process itself, iteration by iteration.

The Unified Process is a popular iterative software development process.

Why a new methodology?

Process-oriented methods:

Requirements of a project are completely frozen before the design and development process commences.
Not always feasible
Need for flexible, adaptable and agile methods, which allow the developers to make late changes in specifications.

Waterfall (Sequential) Lifecycle

Promotes big up-front “speculative” requirements and design steps before programming.
Historically promoted due to belief or hearsay rather than statistically significant evidence.
Success/failure studies show that the waterfall has high failure rates.

Why the waterfall lifecycle fails?

The key false assumption:

The specifications are predictable and stable and can be correctly defined at the start, with low change rates.
But change is a constant on software projects.
A typical software project experienced a 25% change.

Add dynamic rows in html table with Add, Edit, Delete feature in PHP and MySQLi

2022-04-22T01:55:00.014-07:00

dynamic-table.php

<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>

<title> Dynamic Table in PhP</title>

</head>

<body>

$(document).ready(function(){

$("#fromdate").datepicker({

changeMonth: true,

changeYear: true,

dateFormat: 'dd/mm/yy'

});

$("#todate").datepicker({

changeMonth: true,

changeYear: true,

dateFormat: 'dd/mm/yy'

});

var employeeData = $('#employeeList').DataTable({

"processing":true,

"serverSide":true,

"bFilter":false,

"bSort" : false ,

"bPaginate": false,

"bInfo" : false,

"order":[],

"ajax":{

url:"action.php",

type:"POST",

data:{action:'listEmployee'},

dataType:"json"

}

});

$('#addEmployee').click(function(){

$('#employeeModal').modal('show');

$('#employeeForm')[0].reset();

$('.modal-title').html("<i class='fa fa-plus'></i> Add Employment Details");

$('#action').val('addEmployee');

$('#save').val('Add');

});

$("#employeeList").on('click', '.update', function(){

var empId = $(this).attr("id");

var action = 'getEmployee';

$.ajax({

url:'action.php',

method:"POST",

data:{empId:empId, action:action},

dataType:"json",

success:function(data){

$('#employeeModal').modal('show');

$('#empId').val(data.id);

$('#post').val(data.post);

$('#company').val(data.company);

$('#type').val(data.type);

$('#fromdate').val(data.fromdate);

$('#todate').val(data.todate);

$('#scale').val(data.scale);

$('#gross').val(data.gross);

$('.modal-title').html("<i class='fa fa-plus'></i> Edit Employee");

$('#action').val('updateEmployee');

$('#save').val('Save');

}

})

});

$("#employeeModal").on('submit','#employeeForm', function(event){

event.preventDefault();

$('#save').attr('disabled','disabled');

var formData = $(this).serialize();

$.ajax({

url:"action.php",

method:"POST",

data:formData,

success:function(data){

$('#employeeForm')[0].reset();

$('#employeeModal').modal('hide');

$('#save').attr('disabled', false);

employeeData.ajax.reload();

}

})

});

$("#employeeList").on('click', '.delete', function(){

var empId = $(this).attr("id");

var action = "empDelete";

if(confirm("Are you sure you want to delete this employee?")) {

$.ajax({

url:"action.php",

method:"POST",

data:{empId:empId, action:action},

success:function(data) {

employeeData.ajax.reload();

}

})

} else {

return false;

}

});

</script>

</div>

</div>

<thead>

<tr>

<th>Department/ Institute/ Company</th>

<th>Permanent/ Temporary/ Contract</th>

<th>Scale of pay</th>

<th>Gross Amount</th>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

<h4 class="modal-title"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> Edit Employment Details</h4>

</div>

<div class="form-group"

</div>

<label for="company" class="control-label">Department/ Institute/ Company</label>

</div>

<label for="type" class="control-label">Permanent/ Temporary/ Contract</label>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<label for="scale" class="control-label">Scale of pay</label>

</div>

<label for="gross" class="control-label">Gross Amount</label>

</div>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>

</div>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

action.php

<?php

include('Employee.php');

$emp = new Employee();

if(!empty($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'listEmployee') {

$emp->employeeList();

}

if(!empty($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'addEmployee') {

$emp->addEmployee();

}

if(!empty($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'getEmployee') {

$emp->getEmployee();

}

if(!empty($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'updateEmployee') {

$emp->updateEmployee();

}

if(!empty($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'empDelete') {

$emp->deleteEmployee();

}

Config.php

<?php
class dbConfig {
protected $serverName;
protected $userName;
protected $password;
protected $dbName;
function dbConfig() {
$this -> serverName = 'localhost';
$this -> userName = 'root';
$this -> password = "";
$this -> dbName = "employee";
}
}
?>

Employee.php

<?php require('config.php'); class Employee extends Dbconfig { protected $hostName; protected $userName; protected $password; protected $dbName; private $empTable = 'employment'; private $dbConnect = false; public function __construct(){ if(!$this->dbConnect){ $database = new dbConfig(); $this -> hostName = $database -> serverName; $this -> userName = $database -> userName; $this -> password = $database ->password; $this -> dbName = $database -> dbName; $conn = new mysqli($this->hostName, $this->userName, $this->password, $this->dbName); if($conn->connect_error){ die("Error failed to connect to MySQL: " . $conn->connect_error); } else{ $this->dbConnect = $conn; } } } public function employeeList(){ $sqlQuery = "SELECT * FROM ".$this->empTable." "; $result = mysqli_query($this->dbConnect, $sqlQuery); $employeeData = array(); while( $employee = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result) ) { $empRows = array(); $empRows[] = $employee['post']; $empRows[] = $employee['company']; $empRows[] = $employee['type']; $empRows[] = $employee['fromdate']; $empRows[] = $employee['todate']; $empRows[] = $employee['scale']; $empRows[] = $employee['gross']; $empRows[] = '<button type="button" name="update" id="'.$employee["id"].'" class="btn btn-warning btn-xs update">Update</button>'; $empRows[] = '<button type="button" name="delete" id="'.$employee["id"].'" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs delete" >Delete</button>'; $employeeData[] = $empRows; } $output = array( "draw" => intval($_POST["draw"]), "data" => $employeeData ); echo json_encode($output); } public function getEmployee(){ if($_POST["empId"]) { $sqlQuery = " SELECT * FROM ".$this->empTable." WHERE id = '".$_POST["empId"]."'"; $result = mysqli_query($this->dbConnect, $sqlQuery); $row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC); echo json_encode($row); } } public function updateEmployee(){ if($_POST['empId']) { $updateQuery = "UPDATE ".$this->empTable." SET userid = '".$_POST["userid"]."', post = '".$_POST["post"]."', company = '".$_POST["company"]."', type = '".$_POST["type"]."', fromdate = '".$_POST["fromdate"]."' , todate = '".$_POST["todate"]."' , scale = '".$_POST["scale"]."', gross = '".$_POST["gross"]."' WHERE id ='".$_POST["empId"]."'"; $isUpdated = mysqli_query($this->dbConnect, $updateQuery); } } public function addEmployee(){ $insertQuery = "INSERT INTO ".$this->empTable." (userid, post, company, type, fromdate, todate,scale, gross) VALUES ('".$_POST["userid"]."','".$_POST["post"]."', '".$_POST["company"]."', '".$_POST["type"]."', '".$_POST["fromdate"]."', '".$_POST["todate"]."', '".$_POST["scale"]."', '".$_POST["gross"]."')"; $isUpdated = mysqli_query($this->dbConnect, $insertQuery); } public function deleteEmployee(){ if($_POST["empId"]) { $sqlDelete = " DELETE FROM ".$this->empTable." WHERE id = '".$_POST["empId"]."'"; mysqli_query($this->dbConnect, $sqlDelete); } } } ?>

employee.sql

CREATE TABLE `employment` (

`id` int(10) NOT NULL,

`userid` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,

`post` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,

`company` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,

`type` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,

`fromdate` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,

`todate` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,

`scale` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,

`gross` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

Unified Process (UP) Best Practices

2022-04-21T07:04:00.005-07:00

Get high risk and high value requirements first
Constant user feedback and engagement
Early cohesive core architecture
Test early, often, and realistically
Apply use cases where needed
Do some visual modeling with UML
Manage requirements and scope creep
Manage change requests and configuration

How to persist the selected value of the select box after form submit?

2022-04-21T02:35:00.005-07:00

<?php
if ($_POST['submit']) {
if ($_POST['srf'] != "") {
$srf = $_POST['srf'];
} else {
$srfErr = "This field is required.";
}
}
?>
<form method="post">
<select name="srf" id="srf" class="form-control">
<option value="">Select</option>
<option <?php if (isset($srf) && $srf=="1") echo "selected";?>>1</option>
<option <?php if (isset($srf) && $srf=="2") echo "selected";?>>2</option>
<option <?php if (isset($srf) && $srf=="3") echo "selected";?>>3</option>
</select> <?php if($srfErr!= ""){ ?>
<p><b><?php echo $srfErr; ?></b></p>
</div>
<?php }?>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit" />
</form>

Unified Process Phases

2022-04-21T00:55:00.011-07:00

Inception

Inception is not a requirements phase; rather a feasibility phase, where just enough investigation is done to support a decision to continue or stop. –
The life-cycle objectives of the project are stated, so that the needs of every stakeholder are considered. Scope and boundary conditions, acceptance criteria and some requirements are established.
Approximate vision, business case, scope, vague estimates.

Inception - Activities

Formulate the scope of the project: Needs of every stakeholder, scope, boundary conditions and acceptance criteria established.
Plan and prepare the business case: Define risk mitigation strategy, develop an initial project plan and identify known cost, schedule, and profitability trade-offs.
Synthesize candidate architecture: Candidate architecture is picked from various potential architectures
Prepare the project environment

Inception - Exit criteria

An initial business case containing at least a clear formulation of the product vision - the core requirements - in terms of functionality, scope, performance, capacity, technology base.
Success criteria (example: revenue projection).
An initial risk assessment.
An estimate of the resources required to complete the elaboration phase.

Elaboration

An analysis is done to determine the risks, stability of vision of what the product is to become, stability of architecture and expenditure of resources.
Refined vision, iterative implementation of core architecture, resolution of high risks, identification of most requirements and scope, more realistic estimates

Elaboration - Entry criteria

The products and artifacts described in the exit criteria of the previous phase.
The plan approved by the project management, and funding authority, and the resources required for the elaboration phase have been allocated

Elaboration - Activities

Define the architecture: Project plan is defined. The process, infrastructure and development environment are described.
Validate the architecture.
Baseline the architecture: To provide a stable basis for the bulk of the design and implementation effort in the construction phase.

Elaboration - Exit criteria

A detailed software development plan, with an updated risk assessment, a management plan, a staffing plan, a phase plan showing the number and contents of the iteration , an iteration plan, and a test plan
The development environment and other tools
A baseline vision, in the form of a set of evaluation criteria for the final product.
A domain analysis model, sufficient to be able to call the corresponding architecture ‘complete’.
An executable architecture baseline.

Construction

The Construction phase is a manufacturing process. It emphasizes managing resources and controlling operations to optimize costs, schedules and quality. This phase is broken into several iterations.
Iterative implementation of the remaining lower risk and easier elements, and preparation for deployment.

Construction - Entry criteria

The product and artifacts of the previous iteration. The iteration plan must state the iteration specific goals
Risks being mitigated during this iteration.
Defects being fixed during the iteration.

Construction - Activities

Develop and test components: Components required satisfying the use cases, scenarios, and other functionality for the iteration are built. Unit and integration tests are done on Components.
Manage resources and control process.
Assess the iteration: Satisfaction of the goal of iteration is determined.

Construction - Exit Criteria

The same products and artifacts, updated, plus
A release description document, which captures the results of an iteration
Test cases and results of the tests conducted on the products
An iteration plan, detailing the next iteration
Objective measurable evaluation criteria for assessing the results of the next iteration(s).

Transition

The transition phase is the phase where the product is put in the hands of its end users. It involves issues of marketing, packaging, installing, configuring, supporting the user. community, making corrections, etc.
Beta tests, deployment.

Transition - Entry criteria

The product and artifacts of the previous iteration, and in particular a software product sufficiently mature to be put into the hands of its users.

Transition - Activities

Test the product deliverable in a customer environment.
Fine tune the product based upon customer feedback
Deliver the final product to the end user
Finalize end-user support material.

Transition - Exit criteria

An update of some of the previous documents, as necessary, the plan being replaced by a “post-mortem” analysis of the performance of the project relative to its original and revised success criteria;
A brief inventory of the organization’s new assets as a result this cycle.

ER [Entity–relationship] Model

2022-04-20T09:56:00.008-07:00

ER Model is a popular high-level (conceptual) data model. It is an approach to designing Semantic Conceptual schema of a Database. ER model allows us to describe the data involved in a real-world environment in terms of objects and their relationships, which are widely used in design of database. ER model provides preliminary concepts or idea about the data representation which is later modified to achieve final detailed design.

Important concepts/notions used in ER modeling are-

Entity

It is an object in real-world or some idea or concept which can be distinguished from other objects.

Ex.: person, school, class, department, weather, salary, temperature etc.

Entity has independent existence.

Entity type

Each entity belongs to an Entity type that defines the structure.

Entity Set

It is a Collection of similar objects.

Attribute

Reflects a property of an object or entity. We have following types of attributes.

> Simple attribute

> Composite attribute

> Single valued attribute

> Multi-valued attribute

> Derived attribute

> Stored attribute

Key

Is an Attribute of an entity type whose value can uniquely identify an entity in a set.

Relationship

The association between entities is known as relationship.

Domain of an attribute

The set of possible values is known as domain of an attribute

Degree of a Relationship

Degree is the number of entity type participate in a relationship.

If there are two entity types involved it is a binary relationship type

eg: Manager manages employee

If there are three entity types involved it is a ternary relationship type

Cardinality of a relationship

Relationships are rarely one-to-one.

For example, a manager usually manages more than one employee. This is described by the cardinality of the relationship, for which there are four possible categories.

The Agile Principles

2022-04-20T09:45:00.003-07:00

1. Satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.

2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development.

3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter time scale.

4. Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.

5. Build projects around motivated individuals.

6. The most efficient and effective method of conveying info.

7. Working software is the primary measure of progress.

8. Agile processes promote sustainable development.

9. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.

10. Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.

11. Simplicity – the art of maximizing the amount of work NOT done is essential.

12. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self- organizing teams.

13. At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.

Data Model

2022-04-20T02:15:00.004-07:00

Data Model is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of the database. Structure means data types, relationships, constraints etc. DBMS allows a user to define the data to be stored in terms of a data model.

1. High-level data models

2. Low-level data models

3. Representational or Implementation data models

High-level Data Models

Use set of concepts to describe the database, where the descriptions are close to user views. High-level data models are also known as conceptual models. In conceptual data modeling we use concepts like – entity, attributes, relationship etc.

Low-level Data Models

Give details about how the data is stored in a computers (storage level details).

Representational/Implementation Data Models

This is in between high-level and low-level data models. Here we represent the concepts described in conceptual model using a specific structures like, networks, objects, tables, trees etc. Ex: Relational Model, NW Model, Hierarchical Model, Object Model, Object relational model etc.

Relational Model

The central data description construct in this model is a relation, which can be thought of as a set of records.

Schema

Description of data in terms of a data model is called a schema. A relation schema specifies the name of the relation, fields, type etc.

eg:. Student (sid: string; name: string; age: integer) every row follows the schema of the relation.

The following are some important representational data models (DBMS Specific)

1. Network Model

Though the basic structure is a record, the relationships are captured using links. The database can be seen as an arbitrary network of records connected by links. Ex.: GE’s Integrated Data store (IDS), in Early 1960s

2. Hierarchical Model

The records containing data are organized as a collection of trees. Ex.: IBMs IMS (Information Management System), in late 1960s

3. Relational Model (early 1970s)

Data & relationships are captured as tables & keys. Ex.: Oracle, IBMs DB2, MySQL, Informix, Sybase, MS Access, Ingress, MySQL etc. The basic storage structure is a record.

4. Object Data Model

Objects created through object–oriented programs can be stored in database. Ex.: Object Store

5. Object Relational Model

Objects can be stores in tables. Ex.: Oracle, Informix

Database Schema

2022-04-20T02:09:00.003-07:00

Description of a database is called as database Schema.

Three-Schema Architecture:

A database can be described using three different levels of abstractions. Description at each level can be defined by a schema. For each abstraction we focus on one of the specific issues such as user views, concepts, storage etc.

1. External schema: Used to describe the database at external level. Also described in terms of the data model of that DBMS. This allows data access to be customized at the level of individual users/groups/applications. Any external schema has one or more views and relations from the conceptual schema. This schema design is guided by end user requirements.

2. Conceptual schema (logical schema) Describes the stored data in terms of the data model specific to that DBMS. In RDBMS conceptual schema describes all relations that are stored in the database. Arriving at good choice of relations, fields and constraints is known as conceptual database design.

3. Physical schema: Describes the physical storage strategy for the database.

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare Function() in PhP

2022-04-19T22:44:00.004-07:00

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare count_words() (previously declared) in PhP
Solution
1. Don't declare a function inside a loop. Declare before them.

or
You should include the file (wherein that function exists) only once. So instead of

include  ("function.php");

use

include_once("function.php");

Integrate TinyMCE Editor in PhP

2022-04-18T02:55:00.003-07:00

1. Download the latest version of TinyMCE SDK

https://www.tiny.cloud/get-tiny/

2. Extract the folder [tinymce] and put in your application root folder.

eg: C:\xampp\htdocs\tinymcedemo\tinymce [tinymcedemo is the root folder]

3. Create a php file "test.php" and place the below code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="tinymce/tinymce.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
tinymce.init({
selector: '#mytextarea'
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>TinyMCE </h1>
<form method="post">
<textarea id="mytextarea"></textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>

How to disable phpinfo() in a hosting environment?

2022-04-18T01:57:00.002-07:00

Edit the php.ini file. Add below line

disable_functions = phpinfo

Restart the server