HealTh

.. و الصلاة و السلام على أشرف المرسليـن ..
.. الحمد لله وحده نحمده و نشكره و نستعينه و نستغفره و نعود بالله من شرور أنفسنا و من سيئات أعمالنا ..
.. من يهده الله فلا مضل له و من يضلل فلن تجد له ولياً مرشدا ..
.. و أشهد ألا إلاه إلا الله وحده لا شريك له و أن محمداً عبده و رسوله صلى الله عليه و سلم ..
.. و على آله و صحبه أجمعين و من تبعهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين ..
.. ربنا لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت العليم الخبير ..
.. ربنا لا فهم لنا إلا ما فهمتنا إنك أنت الجواد الكريم ..
.. ربي اشرح لي صدري و يسر لي أمري و احلل عقدة من لساني يفقهوا قولي ..
.. أما بعد ..
.. فإن أصدق الحديث كتاب الله تعالى و خير الهدي هديُ سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم ..
..و شر الأمور محدثاتها و كل محدثة بدعة و كل بدعة ضلالة و كل ضلالة في النار ..
.. فاللهم أجرنا و قنا عذابها برحمتك يا أرحم الراحمين ..

شرح التحميل من موقع restfile

للتحميل أكثر من مرة ، الحل بسيط اقطع الاتصال بالانترنت تم أعد الاتصال مرة أخرى ، حيث سيتغير الإيبي و من تم التحميل عدد المرات المرغوب فيها ومن المستحسن استعمال برنامج CCleaner بعد الانقطاع عن الانترنت و لتحميله من الموقع الرسمي من هنا

أحضرت اليوم أحد عشر عددا من مجلة ثمار الصحة، و هي مجلة تختص بالصحة و الغذاء المفيد و كل ما ينفع اجسامنا من بحوث و مقالات ، أقل ما يمكن ان اقول عنها أنها رائعة، و خاصة جودة صورها و كتابتها بصيغة PDF و بالصور ليسهل التمييز بين أعداده ، قراءة ممتعة.

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تم و الحمد لله

2012-08-19T02:43:00.000-07:00

التغذية الصحية المتوازنة -
هي التغذية التي تناسب الفرد من حيث الكمية ( السعرات الحرارية ) والنوعية العناصر الأساسية للغذاء ) ، وتحق التغذية الصحية الآتي :
- النمو وتحديد الخلايا ( الهدم والبناء )
- الطاقة والحرارة
- الوقاية والحماية من الأمراض ض ( المناعة )

العناصر الأساسية للغذاء الجيد
العناصر الأساسية الغذائية هي تلك المواد الغذائية الضرورية لاستمرار حياة الإنسان والمحافظة على الصحة الجيدة والوقاية من الأمراض .

وهذه العناصر الغذائية هي :

: العناصر الغذائية المولدة للطاقة ثانيا : العناصر الغذائية المساعدة
على تنظيم وظائف الجسم
* الأغذية الكربوهيدرانية * الفيتامينات والألياف
* الأغذية البروتينية * الأملاح والمعادن
* الأغذية الدهنية * الماء

 ... العناصر الغذائية المولدة للطاقة أ‌- المواد الغذائية الكربوهيدرائية : وهي المواد النشوية والسكرية ، وتعتبر عماد الغذاء بين جميع الشعوب في العالم ،
وهي غنية بالطاقة والحرارة حيث تمنح الجسم ما يحتاجه من النشاط والحيوية
والحرارة ، وتشكل المواد الكربوهيدرانية حوالي (85%) من إجمالي ما يتناوله الفرد
من الغذاء اليومي ... ويعطي كل جرام واحد من المواد الكربوهيدرانية(4) سعرات
حرارية
* كربوهيدرات نافعة ... هي التي يتم هضمها أو الجهاز الهضمي وقابلة للامتصاص
والاستفادة منها ، وتوجد في الأغذية النشوية والسكرية .
* كربوهيدرات غير نافعة ... هي صعبة الهضم والامتصاص ولا يستفيد الجسم منها
وتوجد في الألياف مثل السليوز
* المصادر الغذائية للكربوهيدرات
مواد نشوية ... كالخبز والمكرونة والأرز والقمح والبطاطس
مواد سكرية ... كالعسل والسكر الطبيعي والحلويات والسكريات وقصب السكر
ب- المواد البروتينية :
أهم المواد الغذائية في بناء الأنسجة والخلايا التجديدية ، وتشكل المواد البروتينية حوال ( 10% الى 12%) من اجمال الغذاءاليومي للفرد
ويعطي كل جرام واحد (4) سعرات حرارية ، ويدخل البروتين في تركيب الأنزيمات والهرمونات المختلفة والعصارات الهضمية .
* المصادر الغذائية للبروتين … هناك نوعان من البروتين وهي
• بروتين حيواني ... كاللحوم والأسماك والدواجن والاجبان والألبان والبيض
• بروتين نباتي ..... كالبقول والعدس ، الفول واللوبيا وفول الصويا والقمح والشعير والذرة
ج‌- المواد الدهنية : الدهون من المواد الغذائية الأساسية والضرورية للجسم ، وتمد الجسم بالطاقة
الضرورية للنشاط والحركة والوقاية ، وتشكل الدهون حوالي (30%) من إجمالي
الغذاء اليومي للفرد ويعطي كل جرام من الدهون حوالي (9) سعرات حرارية
* تقدير استهلاك الدهون في الوجبات الغذائية (30%) من إجمالي التغذية اليومية موزعة
كالتالي:
• 10% دهون حيوانية
• 10% دهون نباتية مشبعة
• 10% دهون نباتية غير مشبعة
* المصادر الغذائية للدهون :
• المصدر الحيواني : الدهون الحيوانية واللحوم والبيض والزبدة والألبان والأجبان
• المصدر النباتي : الزيوت النباتية – زيت الزيتون – زيت الذرة – عباد الشمس – زيت السمسم – زيت الصويا – الكتان .
* العناصر الغذائية المساعدة في تنظيم وظائف الجسم أ- الفيتامينات والألياف : جميع الفيتامينات لاتنتج الطاقة في الجسم ولكن تقوم بتسهيل
استعمال العناصر الأساسية الغذائية المولدة للطاقة ، ولاتقوم الفيتامينات في بناء
الاجزاء الرئيسية من الجسم ولاكن تساهم في تنظيم بناء الجسم .والفيتامينات نوعان وهما :
الأول : الفيتامينات التي تذوب في الدهون مثل فيتامين A,D,H,K
الثاني : الفيتامينات التي تذوب في الماء مثل فبتامين B,G,P

 ثانيا : المصادر الغذائية للفيتامينات :
أ‌- الألبان ومنتوجاتها والبيض واللحوم والأسماك والبقول والخضروات والفواكه الطازجة وزيت الأسماك والفول السوداني .
ب‌- الأملاح والمعادن ... الأملاح المعدنية عنصر ضروري جدا وهام لجسم الإنسان ولايمكن الاستغناء عنها ، وتوجد بصورة اتحاد على هيئة أملاح مثل الصوديوم ومثل اتحاد مادة الحديد مع الهيموجلوبين والكبريت مع البروتين ، وهناك (18) نوع من الاملاح المعدنية .
• المصادر الغذائية كالأملاح والمعادن ...
الأسماك واللحوم والألبان والأجبان والبيض والكسرات والخضروات والفواكه الطازجة
وفول الصويا والعدس .

ت‌- الماء ... الماء أهم العناصر الغذائية ، ولايمكن الاستغناء عن الماء حيث وجوده استمرار للحياة .
• الماء عنصر أساسي في تكوين الأنسجة وأداء وظائفها الحيوية
• من الضروري جدا ان يتم تعويض الجسم مما يفقده من الماء باستمرار حتى لايصاب الإنسان بالجفاف والتعرض للامراض الأخرى

المصادر ..... الماء الطبيعي وتحدد الكمية والتي يحتاجها الإنسان من الماء حسب
المجهود البدني ومن موسم الى آخر ولايحتوي الماء على السعرات الحرارية .
• الأغذية التي تساعد في الإصابة بأمراض العصرمثل :- أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية
- الكلسترول
- السمنة
- ضغط الدم
- السكري
- السرطان

1- الإفراط في تناول الدهون واللحوم والشحوم
2- الأغذية التي تحتوي على الأحماض والكلسترول
3- الإفراط في استهلاك الملح (الصوديوم)
4- الإفراط في استهلاك السكر (الحلويات - السكريات)
5- المعلبات
6- الكولا
7- الكاكاو
8- القهوة
9- الوجبات السريعة
10- الوجبات السريعة

• الأغذية التي تساعد في الوقاية من الإصابة بأمراض العصر
- الأغذية الطازجة (الخضروات والفواكه والأسماك والبقول)
- الأغذية التي تحتوي على الألياف
- الأغذية الطازجة من البقوليات (العدس – القول – اللوبيا - الماش)
- استهلاك الماء الطبيعي
- (التفاح + روب خالي الدسم)
- الأعشاب وخاصة البحرية

• تأثير التغذية الصحية ومزاولة الرياضة اليومية على كل من :
أ‌- القلب ... زيادة حجم عضلة القلب (زيادة قوة ومرونة عضلة القلب)
- زيادة تدفق الدم الى جميع أجزاء الجسم
- المحافظة على ايقاع النبض (الانتظام)
- خفض معدل ضربات القلب
- زيادة الشبكات الجانبية من الشعيرات الدموية في القلب
- الإقلال من كمية تراكم الكولسترول في القلب والأوعية الدموية

ب‌- الأوعية الدموية ...- المحافظة على المطاطية للأوعية الدموية والشرايين
- التخلص من الترسبات التي تحدث أثناء التمثيل الغذائي (أكسدة)
- المحافظة على نظافة الشرايين
- تقليل الإصابة بالتصلب الشرياني والانسداد الشرياني
ج‌- الكوليسترول ...- زيادة معدل الكولسترول النافع (HDL)
- خفض معدل الكولسترول الضار (LDL)
- المحافظة على المعدل الإجمالي للكولسترول في الجسم
- المحافظة على المعدل بين الكولسترول الضار والكولسترول النافع
د- ضغط الدم المرتفع ....- المحافظة على المعدلات الطبيعية لضغط الدم
- المحافظة على ليونة ومطاطية الشرايين
- المحافظة من الترسبات (السكر – الدهون - الأكسدة)
- العمل على اتساع الشرايين والأوعية الدموية
- العمل على ضبط إيقاع الدورة الدموية (تنظيم) .هـ- السكري ....
- العمل على إثارة غدة البنكرياس لإفراز هرمون الأنسولين
- العمل على رفع حساسية هرمون الأنسولين
- العمل على سرعة تدفق هرمون الأنسولين الى جميع خلايا الجسم وخاصة المخ- حرق المواد السكرية (الطاقة) الفائضة في الجسم

2012-08-18T19:53:00.002-07:00

Baby Hip Health Week 2012

As part of Baby Hip Health Week 2012 (10th – 17th March), the national charity STEPS is calling for parents and professionals to learn how to swaddle their babies correctly to help prevent hip dysplasia.

A top children’s surgeon says the return of an “eradicated” practice of tightly wrapping babies in blankets to keep them warm and help them sleep is causing a rise in hip problems.

Professor Nicholas Clarke, a consultant orthopaedic surgeon at Southampton General Hospital, says the unsafe form of swaddling – which had almost completely disappeared by the end of the 1980s – is being increasingly adopted by mothers, with some websites selling tight ‘swaddlers’ claiming they can help tackle colic.

He warned the trend is leading to more cases of hip dysplasia – where the hips are loosened by mothers’ hormones which relax ligaments during birth – as forcibly straightening the legs within the first three to four months of life means babies who would otherwise recover naturally are unable to freely flex and strengthen weakened joints, making surgery essential.

“This form of swaddling used to be very commonly used across the world but, with the help of major educational programmes such as the one used to eliminate the problem in Japan in the 1980s, it was all but eradicated and cases reduced drastically,” said Prof Clarke, who spoke out as part of the STEPS charity’s Baby Hip Health Week 2012.

“Now, I and my colleagues across the UK and in America are witnessing its revival, with swaddlers being advertised on the internet that tightly wrap babies. For the hips, that is exactly what you don’t want to happen.”

Up to 100 babies are screened at Southampton General Hospital’s hip clinic every week – around one in every 20 full-term babies has some level of instability – and swaddling-related incidences are increasing.

Although treatment, which involves fitting a harness to keep the legs bent up day and night for six weeks, is successful in 85% of babies, some will suffer permanent damage.

“While many cases of hip dysplasia are down to genetics or other conditions, swaddling is becoming an increasingly prevalent cause once again and that is extremely frustrating because it is something parents can control, yet only last week a mother brought her baby to my clinic tightly wrapped.”

Although keen not to discourage safe techniques, Prof Clarke, who is also a professor of orthopaedic surgery at the University of Southampton, believes parents are no longer distinguishing between what is right and what presents a danger to their babies.

“I advocate swaddling in the right and safe way, which means ensuring babies are not rigidly wrapped but have enough room to bend their legs – they don’t need to have their legs straightened as there is plenty of time to stretch before they start to walk,” he explained.

“But, and this is worrying the orthopaedic community, it seems to be increasingly fashionable among parents to follow the re-emerging trend of tight swaddling.”

Prof Clarke, who last year revealed one in five children assessed in his clinic for bone problems were suffering from poverty-linked Victorian bone disease rickets due to vitamin D deficiency, is now calling for the relaunch of an awareness campaign to address the problems.

He added: “We need to focus on ensuring the years of hard work and effort made by thousands of clinicians across the world to drive out tight swaddling is not unravelled in a matter of months and that means stepping in immediately.”

Take a look at our hip healthy swaddling and positioning guidelines

In addition, as part of the newborn infant physical examination programme (NIPE) every baby gets their hips checked at birth and the six to eight week check. However, most parents and health professionals do not realise the implications if a problem with the hips is not picked up as the tests are not 100% accurate.

Even if the hips appear to be normal it is important to be aware of signs that might mean there is a problem. The signs parents should look out for include:

one leg appearing shorter than the other
an extra deep crease on the inside of the thigh
crawling with one leg dragging or walking with a limp or a waddle.

Whilst these signs are not conclusive, they may indicate the need for further investigation.

If you are concerned your child has a hip problem please seek advice from your GP or Health Visitor immediately since treatment is usually less complex the earlier it is started.

HELP US TO HELP OTHER PARENTS LIKE YOU:-

Host a 'Put the Kettle on' fundraising event whereby you hold a tea/coffee morning at home, work or in the community to spread the word about baby hip health and help raise vital funds at the same time
Distribute the STEPS award winning leaflet on Baby Hip Health to your local surgery or clinic
Get your story featured in a local magazine or newspaper to raise awareness. Alternatively send us your story and we will try and get media coverage for you.

Anyone wishing to get further advice, tell their story to the media, distribute leaflets or wanting to host a "Put the Kettle on" event, please contact the STEPS Helpline on 01925 750271 or email info@steps-charity.org.uk Also please take a look at our website section about Baby Hip Health Awareness

2012-08-18T19:51:00.002-07:00

Top 10 Baby Boomer Health Trends

Healthy Aging Image Gallery

The health care system will certainly have its hands full as boomers continue to retire in droves.

Hemera/Thinkstock

By 2050, the U.N. estimates for the first time ever, the world population will have more people over age 65 than children age 5 and younger [source: Singer]. America is certainly doing its part to contribute, as baby boomers -- those born between 1946 and 1964 -- begin to enter their retirement years.
The health and wellness of the boomer generation has far-reaching implications, from public policy and taxation to climbing insurance costs and the rise of new health care industries that cater to this older demographic.
The health care system will certainly have its hands full as boomers continue to retire in droves. By 2030, about 60 percent of boomers will experience more than one chronic health condition [source: American Hospital Association]. As it is, 62 percent of those between the ages of 50 and 64 currently have at least one chronic condition as a result of obesity (such as high cholesterol or heart disease) [source: Trust for America's Health]. It's estimated that by 2030, around 25 percent of boomers will have diabetes [source: American Hospital Association].
Clearly, we'll be hearing a lot in the years to come about the health of baby boomers. So keep reading for a look at the top 10 baby boomer health trends.

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2012-08-17T20:48:00.001-07:00

ion, search

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012)

News 12 New Jersey
Edison, New Jersey

Slogan	Around New Jersey. Around the Clock.
Affiliations	CNN
Owner	Cablevision Systems Corporation
Founded	March 1996
Website	http://www.news12.com/NJ/

News 12 New Jersey is a 24-hour cable news television channel reaching more than 1.8 million television homes within the New York City metropolitan area. The channel operates as an independent unit of News 12 Networks, the first, largest and most watched regional news network in United States. The channel produces 11½ hours of live original news programming daily, alternating with digital replays. The channel launched in March 1996.

Coverage area

News 12 New Jersey can be seen in more than 1.8 million cable households throughout 14 counties in northern and central New Jersey: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren. News 12 New Jersey's main studio, newsroom and sales offices are located inside the Raritan Center business complex in Edison. The channel has remote newsrooms in Trenton, Newark, Oakland and Wall. The channel's reporters can be live virtually anywhere statewide with two satellite newsgathering vehicles, one microwave truck and a helicopter, "Chopper 12."^{[citation needed]}
Since late 2010, News 12 New Jersey started producing Spanish news bulletins for its website called "News 12 en Español" news12enespanol.com and on News 12 Interactive on iO TV Channel 612 featuring the talents of Geraldine Cols Azócar, Celia Mendoza, Alina Yaniz and Maria Vargas-Pion.^{[citation needed]}

Studio, graphics and HD

On October 11, 2010, News 12 New Jersey debuted its new studio layout, with a new set created in San Diego and trucked across the country. This was the first phase of News 12 New Jersey's transition to HD. On November 12th, 2010, the second phase began with a new logo, infobar, graphics (including new news intro), and music (Convergence by Stephen Arnold music). On November 29, 2010, News 12 New Jersey became the first of the News 12 Networks to switch to high definition.^{[citation needed]}

Personalities

Anchors

Della Crews (weeknights 5:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.)
Kurt Siegelin (weekday mornings 5:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.)
Roxanne Evans
Rick Holmes (weekend evenings)
Marci Rubin (Sunday thru Thursday reporter and Sundays for News Updates)
Bryan Jenkins
Eric Landskroner (12:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.)
Janine Strafaci
Carissa Lawson (weekday mornings 5:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.)

Weather

Dave Curren (Meteorologist)
James Gregorio (Meteorologist)
Michele Powers (Meteorologist)

Sports

Bryan DeNovellis
George Falkowski

Traffic

Cara Di Falco

Reporters

Karla Bardiñas
John Bathke
Tony Caputo (Monday thru Friday reporter)
Douglas Clark
Alice Gainer (Monday thru Friday reporter)
Rick Holmes
Walt Kane (Senior Correspondent, Capital Bureau Chief)
Chris Keating
John Klekamp
Luke Margolis (Host of "Power & Politics")
Ranji Sinha

Freelance reporters

Samantha Augeri (Meteorologist)
Jim McFadden (Meteorologist)
Dan Zarrow (Meteorologist)
SallyAnn Mosey (Meteorologist)
Bruce Avery (Meteorologist)
Lisa Salvati
Dave Grunebaum
Laura Jones
Stephanie Esposito
Patty Smith Barrett
Mia Toschi
Beth Adubato
Sean Bergin
Joey Wahler (sports)

News 12 en Español talent

Geraldine Cols Azócar
Celia Mendoza
Alina Yaniz
María Vargas-Pion

Hosts

Dr. Brian Voynick (Host of The Pet Stop)
Dr. Derrick DeSilva (Host of 12 To Your Health)

Executive Producers

Turaya Bryant-Kamau
Jeremy Kauffman
Richard Kiss, Jr

Assistant News Director

Allison Gibson

General Manager/News Director

Randal Stanley

External links

News 12 New Jersey

Other News 12 Channels

Sources

2012-08-17T16:38:00.002-07:00

012

Cancer Stem Cells May Be Responsible For Tumor Growth

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Three new studies of cancer in the brain, skin and gut, appear to support the controversial idea that cancer may have its own stem cells that drive the regrowth of tumors. If confirmed with more evidence, the idea may... [read article]

Poor Mental Health Linked To Higher Death Risk

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

A large study of English households finds that people who experience symptoms of psychological distress like anxiety, depression, or even minor mental health problems, have a lower life expectancy than people who do not... [read article]

How To Protect Your Family From West Nile Virus

Written by Petra Rattue

Every summer, outbreaks of West Nile virus disease occur in the U.S. This year, some parts of the country are experiencing earlier and greater activity, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is urging people to... [read article]

Vaginal Pain May Mean Irritable Bowl Syndrome Or Fibromyalgia

Infant Sleep Safety Info Is Not Always Accurate Online

Sober Patients Not Being Checked For Alcohol Problems

Organs Transplanted From Overweight Donors Increase Risks For Recipients

The Influence Of Gender On Smoking Cessation

Bad Behavior In Kids May Lead To Drug Addiction

Many People With Celiac Disease Are Unaware Of It

Toddlers Act As Rule Enforcers

Cataract Surgery Reduces Risk Of Hip Fractures Among Elderly

Other Medical and Health News for 2 August*

Clusters Of Congenital Anomalies Likely To Go Unnoticed Due To Lack Of Nationwide Surveillance

Greater Economic Stability Likely For HIV Patients Undergoing Early Treatment

Obesity Treatments Obstructed By Weight-Loss Clinic Drop-Out Rates

Possible Clue To Progression Of Multiple Sclerosis Discovered

Link Discovered Between Protein Involved In DNA Replication/Centrosome Regulation And Dwarfism/Small Brain Size

Multiple Chronic Conditions Are Difficult For Patients To Control

Interdisciplinary Preclinical Research Reveals Two Drugs With Potential To Help Fight Kidney, Breast Cancer

Memory Failures From Annoying To Lethal - When We Forget To Remember

Physiologists Have Identified The Biological Mechanism That Could Be Responsible For Cold Feet

Brain Aging May Be Accelerated By Concussions And Head Impacts

Tool That Helps Dietitians Deliver Info Clients Need And Can Understand

Smoking, Drinking Very Difficult For Seniors With Serious Illnesses To Give Up

Understanding Of Fraser Syndrome Hearing Loss May Be Improved By Zebra Fish Mouth Formation Study

Childhood Obesity May Affect Puberty, Create Problems With Reproduction

Women With Advanced Breast Cancer Offered New Hope By Change In Drug Regimen

Large Waist Circumference In Men May Predict Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Sexual Dysfunction

Anti-Inflammatory Molecule IL-10 From Donor Skin Cells Helps The Body Incorporate Skin Grafts

The Most Common Chronic Disease Among Olympic Athletes Is Asthma

Mouse Model Uncovers Opioid Receptors As A Drug Target For Stopping Obesity

A Stressed Mother's Offspring At Greater Risk For Abdominal Obesity

Choline During Pregnancy May Prevent Stress-Related Problems In Offspring

Sneezing Is A Biological Response To The Nose's 'Blue Screen Of Death'

Cancer Metastasis May Be Grounded By 'Flightless' Molecule

Economic Success In Developed Countries Adversely Affected By Mental Disorders In The Population

In Substance Abuse Treatment Many Adolescents Report Using Medical Marijuana Prescribed For Someone Else

The Challenges Of Improving The Oral Health Of Adults With Special Needs

Gene Discovered That Permanently Stops Cancer Cell Proliferation

Success Of Nerve Transfer Surgery Highlighted

Promising New Therapeutic Target For Aggressive Breast Cancer

2012-08-17T15:36:00.002-07:00

Medical News Today brings you hourly health news from well-regarded sources such as JAMA, BMJ, Lancet, BMA, plus articles written by our own team. Our archive contains over 240,000 news articles.

Today's Health News Headlines

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Friday 17 August 2012 15:00 PDT

Male Contraception Research Goes In New Direction

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

A successful test in mice of a molecule that can pass the blood-sperm barrier and render a reversible contraceptive effect in males has taken the quest for a non-hormonal male contraceptive pill in a new direction... [read article]

Baby Boomers Should Take Hep C Test Urge CDC

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

In order to avert a major rise in liver disease and deaths among Americans, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are urging all baby boomers, that is members of the population born between 1945 and 1965... [read article]

Blood Type May Affect Heart Disease Risk

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

A person's blood type may affect their risk for heart disease, according to a new study that finds people with blood type A, B or AB were more likely to develop the disease than those with type O... [read article]

Density Of Breasts Does Not Impact Death Among Breast Cancer Patients

Cervical Disease Treatment Is Not Associated With Preterm Birth Risk

Kids Who Spend Too Much Time On The Couch Have Poorer Motor Coordination

Common Antibiotics Are Not Always Best

Nanoparticles Shrink Ovarian Cancer Tumors In Mice

Mothers Who Smoke While Pregnant Increase Their Baby's Risk Of Asthma

Continuously Taking Birth Control Pills Lowers Pain During Menstrual Cycles

Hormone Levels Linked To Metabolic Disease

Meditation Can Help Loneliness

Chemotherapy During Pregnancy Does Not Affect Birth Outcomes

Yoga Could Be A Cost-effective Treatment For Back Pain

A Major Secret Of The Brain Discovered

Computer Exercises Can Help Reduce Alzheimer's Symptoms

Other Medical and Health News for 17 August*

The Fight Against Childhood Obesity Looks To School Food

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Studied Through To 9 Years Of Age

Focusing On Children Instead Of Relationship Problems Helps Separated Couples Parent Effectively, Civilly

Relief From Menstrual Cramps From Continuous Oral Contraceptive Pills

Fluorescent Molecules That Can Be Turned On And Off In Aqueous Environments To Visualize Activity Within Cells

Hormone Levels Linked To Risk For Metabolic Disease

Two Approaches To Understanding The Basic Mechanics Of Cancer

Landslide Fatalities Are Greater Than Previously Thought

New American Chemical Society Podcast: A Non-Antibiotic Approach For Treating Urinary Tract Infections

Interactions Between Malaria Parasite And HIV Demonstrated By Novel Technique

Rehab For Stroke Victims: Therapy Combining Exercise And Neuroprotective Agent

Agency Moves Toward Elimination Of Some Tests On Animals As PETA Urges It To Go Further

Researchers Create A New Tool To Fight Childhood Obesity

By Studying Animal Health, Researchers Find Improved Ways For Developing, Testing Cancer Therapies

Simulated Blood Flow Device Provides Evidence Of How Bloodstream Infections Begin

Skin Cancer: Potential New Treatment Target Identified For Melanoma

Particles That Shut Off Cancer Genes Could Also Allow Researchers To Screen Potential Drug Targets More Rapidly

Brain Scans Reveal Distinctive Features In The Brain Structure Of Karate Experts Which Correlate With Punching Ability

High Risk In First Weeks Of Pregnancy From High Potency And Synthetic Marijuana

Combining BRAF Inhibitor And Immunotherapy Increases Antitumor Activity In Metastatic Melanoma

Binge Drinking And Unemployment, Which Comes First?

Concern In Australia For Alcohol/Energy Drink Consumers

College Students At Risk Of Problems Following Early Alcohol Use And Early Intoxication

Diagnosis Of Neural Diseases Through The Eyes Using Color-Coded Markers

New Research Casts Doubt On Landmark 2007 Study: Babies May Not Have A 'Moral Compass' After All

Minnesota's Rivers And Lakes Polluted With Antimicrobials From Personal Care Products

Passenger Deletions That Deactivate Essential Genes Provide New Opportunity To Strike Cancer

Potential Hurdle To Universal Flu Vaccine Development May Be Overcome: NIH Study

Sleep Apnea, Traditionally Associated With Men, Found At High Rates In Women

Improved Understanding Of Host-Parasite Interaction And Parasite Lifecycle In Malaria

Identification Of Gut Bacteria Linked To Obesity And Metabolic Syndrome

Neurodegeneration Unexpectedly Delayed In Mice By Blocking Destruction Of Defective Proteins

Compound In Breast Milk Associated With Reduced Transmission From HIV-Infected Mother To Infant

Study Finds Extremes In Spiteful Behavior

Link Discovered Between BPA And Narrowing Of The Arteries

New Research Indicates Up To 60 Million Americans Suffer From Hammertoe Foot Deformities

Diabetes Researchers Tackle 'The Data Dilemma'

Coordinated Protein Breakdown And Synthesis: A Key To Healthy Growth Of Cells

2012-08-11T08:55:00.002-07:00

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This article is about the human condition. For other uses, see Health (disambiguation).

The Star of Life.

Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain (as in "good health" or "healthy").^[1] The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."^[2]^[3] Although this definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value and because of the problem created by use of the word "complete", it remains the most enduring.^[4]^[5] Classification systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications, including the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are commonly used to define and measure the components of health.
The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical, mental, and social well-being, together sometimes referred to as the "health triangle".^[6]^[7] The WHO's 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion further stated that health is not just a state, but also "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."^[8]
Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of healthy communities, healthy cities or healthy environments. In addition to health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions; these are referred to as "determinants of health".

Determinants of health

Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for his health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.^[9]
More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include:^[9]^[10]^[11]

Income and social status
Social support networks
Education and literacy
Employment/working conditions
Social environments
Physical environments

Personal health practices and coping skills
Healthy child development
Biology and genetics
Health care services
Gender
Culture

Donald Henderson as part of the CDC's smallpox eradication team in 1966.

An increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments, health care organization, and health policy - such as the 1974 Lalonde report from Canada;^[11] the Alameda County Study in California;^[12] and the series of World Health Reports of the World Health Organization, which focuses on global health issues including access to health care and improving public health outcomes, especially in developing countries.^[13]
The concept of the "health field", as distinct from medical care, emerged from the Lalonde report from Canada. The report identified three interdependent fields as key determinants of an individual's health. These are:^[11]

Lifestyle: the aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over which the individual has control) that can be said to contribute to, or cause, illness or death;
Environmental: all matters related to health external to the human body and over which the individual has little or no control;
Biomedical: all aspects of health, physical and mental, developed within the human body as influenced by genetic make-up.

Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the Alameda County Study suggested that people can improve their health via exercise, enough sleep, maintaining a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking.^[14] The ability to adapt and to self manage have been suggested as core components of human health.^[15]
The environment is often cited as an important factor influencing the health status of individuals. This includes characteristics of the natural environment, the built environment, and the social environment. Factors such as clean water and air, adequate housing, and safe communities and roads all have been found to contribute to good health, especially to the health of infants and children.^[9]^[16] Some studies have shown that a lack of neighborhood recreational spaces including natural environment leads to lower levels of personal satisfaction and higher levels of obesity, linked to lower overall health and well being.^[17] This suggests that the positive health benefits of natural space in urban neighborhoods should be taken into account in public policy and land use.
Genetics, or inherited traits from parents, also play a role in determining the health status of individuals and populations. This can encompass both the predisposition to certain diseases and health conditions, as well as the habits and behaviors individuals develop through the lifestyle of their families. For example, genetics may play a role in the manner in which people cope with stress, either mental, emotional or physical. (One difficulty is the issue raised by the debate over the relative strengths of genetics and other factors; interactions between genetics and environment may be of particular importance.)

Maintaining health

Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of health care knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy.

Role of science in health

Main articles: Health science and Health care

The Dutch Public Health Service provides medical care for the natives of the Dutch East Indies, May 1946

Health science is the branch of science focused on health. There are two main approaches to health science: the study and research of the body and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure diseases and other physical and mental impairments. The science builds on many sub-fields, including biology, biochemistry, physics, epidemiology, pharmacology, medical sociology. Applied health sciences endeavor to better understand and improve human health through applications in areas such as health education, biomedical engineering, biotechnology and public health.
Organized interventions to improve health based on the principles and procedures developed through the health sciences are provided by practitioners trained in medicine, nursing, nutrition, pharmacy, social work, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy and other health care professions. Clinical practitioners focus mainly on the health of individuals, while public health practitioners consider the overall health of communities and populations. Workplace wellness programs are increasingly adopted by companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, as are school health services to improve the health and well-being of children.

Role of public health

Main article: Public health

Self-care strategies

Main article: Self care

A lady washing her hands c. 1655

Personal health depends partially on the active, passive, and assisted cues people observe and adopt about their own health. These include personal actions for preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through integrative care. They also include personal hygiene practices to prevent infection and illness, such as bathing and washing hands with soap; brushing and flossing teeth; storing, preparing and handling food safely; and many others. The information gleaned from personal observations of daily living - such as about sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake, and environmental features - may be used to inform personal decisions and actions (e.g., "I feel tired in the morning so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow"), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans (e.g., a patient who notices his or her shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload).^[22]
Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and even increased longevity. One American study among seniors over age 70 found that frequent volunteering was associated with reduced risk of dying compared with older persons who did not volunteer, regardless of physical health status.^[23] Another study from Singapore reported that volunteering retirees had significantly better cognitive performance scores, fewer depressive symptoms, and better mental well-being and life satisfaction than non-volunteering retirees.^[24]
Prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.^[25] Stress management is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress. Relaxation techniques are physical methods used to relieve stress. Psychological methods include cognitive therapy, meditation, and positive thinking, which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills, such as problem solving and time management skills, reduces uncertainty and builds confidence, which also reduces the reaction to stress-causing situations where those skills are applicable.

Occupational health

Main article: Occupational health and safety

In addition to safety risks, many jobs also present risks of disease, illness, and other long-term health problems. Among the most common occupational diseases are various forms of pneumoconiosis, including silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis (black lung disease). Asthma is another respiratory illness that many workers are vulnerable to. Workers may also be vulnerable to skin diseases, including eczema, dermatitis, urticaria, sunburn, and skin cancer.^[26]^[27] Other occupational diseases of concern include carpal tunnel syndrome and lead poisoning.
As the number of service sector jobs has risen in developed countries, more and more jobs have become sedentary, presenting a different array of health problems than those associated with manufacturing and the primary sector. Contemporary problems such as the growing rate of obesity and issues relating to stress and overwork in many countries have further complicated the interaction between work and health.
Many governments view occupational health as a social challenge and have formed public organizations to ensure the health and safety of workers. Examples of these include the British Health and Safety Executive and in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which conducts research on occupational health and safety, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which handles regulation and policy relating to worker safety and health.^[28]^[29]^[30]

2012-08-11T08:54:00.002-07:00

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blog Indonesia: Amid a gold rush, infant health improves by Lindsay Hamsik August 8, 2012	news Ethiopia: One year later, helping children survive in the Horn of Africa by Bija Gutoff July 25, 2012	video Indonesia: From the source: Mothers provide perfect nourishment by Lisa Cicala March 27, 2012	video Niger: Update from the field: Food crisis is just beginning by Cassandra Nelson March 22, 2012
news Nepal: Women channel healthy sanitation by Andie Long March 20, 2012	photo essay Guatemala: Land ownership yields stronger, healthier communities by Liz Hummer March 15, 2012	news Tajikistan: A new hope for new mothers by Liz Hummer March 12, 2012	news Indonesia: Healthier babies in Jakarta's poorest neighborhoods by Rae Rosenberg March 7, 2012
news Uganda: Acting up for healthier communities by Holly Copeland February 27, 2012	blog Haiti: 'Soccer for Life' kicks off on World AIDS Day by Kyle Dietrich November 30, 2011	blog Ethiopia: 'You gave my baby a second life' by Bija Gutoff October 12, 2011	blog Ethiopia: When no tears come by Bija Gutoff October 12, 2011

2012-08-11T08:53:00.001-07:00

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Indonesia: Amid a gold rush, infant health improves

by Lindsay Hamsik August 8, 2012

Ethiopia: One year later, helping children survive in the Horn of Africa

by Bija Gutoff July 25, 2012

Indonesia: From the source: Mothers provide perfect nourishment

by Lisa Cicala March 27, 2012

Niger: Update from the field: Food crisis is just beginning

by Cassandra Nelson March 22, 2012

Nepal: Women channel healthy sanitation

by Andie Long March 20, 2012

Guatemala: Land ownership yields stronger, healthier communities

by Liz Hummer March 15, 2012

Tajikistan: A new hope for new mothers

by Liz Hummer March 12, 2012

Indonesia: Healthier babies in Jakarta's poorest neighborhoods

by Rae Rosenberg March 7, 2012

Uganda: Acting up for healthier communities

by Holly Copeland February 27, 2012

Haiti: 'Soccer for Life' kicks off on World AIDS Day

by Kyle Dietrich November 30, 2011

Ethiopia: 'You gave my baby a second life'

by Bija Gutoff October 12, 2011

Ethiopia: When no tears come

by Bija Gutoff October 12, 2011