Pertanian

Symptoms of Plant Nutrient Deficiency

2011-02-23T01:08:00.001+07:00

Lack of one or more nutrients will result in plant growth is not as it should any abnormalities or deviations and many plants that die young.
Symptoms of this deficiency sooner or later will be seen on the plants, depending on the type and nature of the plant. There are plants that quickly show signs of deficiency or otherwise have a slow. In general, it will first look at the plants that make the greatest physiological activity that is in part the existing above ground, especially on leaves.
If no other factors that affect, then the signs of nutrient deficiency appear as follows:

1.Lack of nutrients nitrogen (N)

Green leaf color and slightly yellowish color on the rice plant is started from the tip of the leaf spread to the bone then change to yellow leaf complete, so the whole plant pale yellowish. Dead leaf tissue and is what causes the leaves then become dry and brownish red.
Slow and stunted plant growth.
The development of the fruit is not perfect or not good, often cooked before his time.
Can cause the leaves are full of fiber, this is because the thickness of the cell membrane while the cell itself leaves chopped into small pieces.
In circumstances of severe deficiency, leaves become dry, starting from the bottom continue to the top.

2. Lack of nutrients phosphorus (P)

Inhibition of growth of root system, stem and leaf.
Whole leaf color changed to dark green / grayish, shiny, often there is a red pigment on the lower leaves, then died. At the edge of leaves, branches and stems are purple red color which gradually changed to yellow.
Results of plants that form flowers, fruits and seeds to drop. Dwarf-dwarf fruit, look ugly and precocious.

3. Lack of nutrients Potassium (K)

Deficiency / Potassium deficiency is a bit difficult to know the symptoms, because these symptoms are rarely revealed when plants are young.

The leaves turn into shrinking alias curl (for potato crop will be rolled up) and sometimes shiny, especially on older leaves, but not evenly. Furthermore, since the tip and the edge of the leaves appear yellow, the color of this kind appear also in between the bones in the end leaves the leaves look dirty spots (red brown), often stained sections this fall so the leaves look jagged and then die.
The trunk is weak and shallow, so the plants look stunted.
Fruit growing is not perfect, small, poor quality, the results are kept low and can not stand.
In the coconut and citrus plants, fruit easily fall.
For bulbous plants, the tuber is very less and thus low levels of hydrate ashes.

Especially for rice, the element Potassium deficiency symptoms can be explained as follows:

Leaf

Leaves of rice plants potassium deficiency is green with many dark spots that resemble the color of rust. The spots were first appearing on the top of the old leaves, leaf tip and leaf edge into a burning (necrotic), reddish brown or yellow brown. Old leaves, particularly in the middle of the day will droop and young leaves curl upward and exhibit symptoms of water shortage.

Stem

Stem potassium-deficient rice plants will grow short and thin. And most rice varieties that lack of potassium is more easily fall down.

Root

Usually very limited root growth, root tip will grow thin and short, and the roots always tend Gelam and black color. Branch roots and root vines are very thin and always show symptoms of root rot.

Grain and panicle

Growth will be short and generally have a high percentage of void of fruit. Moderate amount of grain that contains for each helainya will be low, grains of rice will be small and irregular in shape, quality and weight of 1000 grains will be reduced, the percentage of grains that are not growing and not growing adult.

4. Lack of nutrients Calcium (Ca)

Young leaves change color in addition to wrinkles, on the tip and the edges chlorosis (turns yellow) and the color is creeping in among the bones of leaves, leaf tissues in some places dead.
Young buds that have grown to die.
Growth stunted roots system, less than perfect even often malformed.
Plant growth so weak and suffering.

5. Nutrient deficiency Magnesium (Mg)

Older leaves have chlorotic (turns yellow) and appear in between the bones of the leaf, while the bones themselves leaves remain green. Section between the bones that regularly leaves turned yellow with brownish red spots.
The leaves were easily burned by hot sun because they do not have a wax coating, so much has changed color to dark brown / black and shrunken.
In grain crops, the seeds grow less / weak, even if he keeps growing anyway so it will look very weak.

6. Nutrient deficiency Sulfur (S)

The leaves have chlorotic young (turns yellow), color change usually occurs in all young leaves, sometimes shiny whitish and sometimes the changes are not uniform but took place on the leaf more.
Leaf color change can also be yellow at all, so the plant looks yellow and leafy green, such as symptoms appear on leaves of tea plants in a few places in Kenya that the famous "Tea Yellow" or "Yellow Disease".
Plants growing late, dwarf, short-trunked and thin, fibrous plant stems, and small-diameter woody.
In the crop yield of sugar cane which causes low.
Limited number of tillers.

7. Nutrient deficiency Iron (Fe)
Deficiency (lack of) iron indeed rare. The occurrence of symptoms on plant parts (especially leaves) and then expressed as the availability of iron deficiency is due to unequal availability of substance Fe with calcium (Ca) in soil that is too much lime and alkalis. So this problem is a problem in areas where the land contains lime.

The symptoms appear on young leaves, first locally-local pale green or yellowish green, while the bones remain dark green leaves and network-network is not dead.
Later in the bone occurred leaf chlorosis, which had turned yellow, green and some are to be white.
Next, more severe symptoms occur in the dry season, young leaves much to be dry and falling.
Plant growth stalled as a result leaves start falling and eventually die from the top.

8. Nutrient deficiency Manganese (Mn)

Symptoms of deficiency Manganese (Mn) deficiency symptoms similar to iron (Fe) on the plant, namely:

In young leaves in between the bones and locally occur chlorosis from green to yellow to white hereinafter.
The bones leaves are still green, there are up to goto the sides of the bone.
Tissues at the leaf chlorosis die so that the practical parts of the dead, dried up, there are times that continue to mengeriput and some are falling, so the leaf looks menggerigi.
Become stunted plant growth, especially in vegetable crops tomato, celery, potatoes and others, as well as in citrus, tobacco and soybean.
In wheat plants, the center of the leaf blade is brown, then broken.
The formation of grain is less good (bad).

9. Nutrient deficiency Copper / Cuprum (Cu)

Nutrient deficiency Copper (Cu) is often found on organic soils are slightly acidic, the signs can be seen as follows:

In the leaves, especially the leaves of the young seemed to wilt and then die (die back), while the branches also change color to brown and die well.
Leaf tips often found unevenly faded, even sometimes chlorosis, although the network-network, nothing is dead.
In the citrus crop nutrient copper deficiency causes dark green leaves and large, brown and dead twigs, small pieces and brown.
On the fruit, fruit crops are generally small brown and the inside got a kind of adhesive (gum) .10. Lack of nutrients Zinc / Zincum (Zn).

a. Deviation of growth in the older leaves, namely:
* The shape is smaller and narrower than the general form
* Chlorosis occurs in between the bones of leaf
* The leaves die prematurely, and then starts falling from the leaves in the bottom leading to the top
b. In the paddy fields visible symptoms 2-4 weeks after planting, that is the bleaching in the middle of the leaf. Severe deficiency causes the leaves will not open
c. In the corn plant symptoms appear 1-2 weeks after seedlings appear above ground, young leaves show yellow stripes and continue to the bottom leaves turn yellow, while the edge of the leaf remains green
d. In the visible symptoms of peanut after 1-month-old plants, first in the tissue between the veins and visible yellowing and eventually only the leaf veins remain green. Dwarf plants and pods a little.

11. Nutrient deficiency molybdenum (Mo)

In general, the leaves changing, sometimes experiencing shrinkage prior to dry up and die. Dead shoots (die back) also commonly occur in nutrient-deficient plants Mo
Abnormal plant growth, particularly in vegetables. Leaves wrinkled and dry.

12. Lack of nutrients Borium (Bo)

Although Bo nutrients needed only a few plants for growth, but if this element is not available to the plant symptoms are quite serious.

The leaves of the young occurs chlorosis, a locally lower leaf surface which then gets spread edges. Dead leaf tissue.
Newly emerging leaves grow stunted, dead buds and colored black or brown.
Can cause physiological penyakir, particularly in vegetables, tobacco and apples. In fact, the corn cobs can cause completely seedless.
In tubers stunted growth, there are spots or black holes on the tuber.
In spinach and lettuce plants grown plant shoots are not perfect and black.
Celery stalk forming cracks and irregular lines of brown. Children celery leaf-spot stained brown.

13. Lack of nutrients Chloride (Cl)

Can cause symptoms that are less normal leaf growth mainly on vegetables, leaves appear less healthy and copper-colored.
Sometimes the growth of tomato, wheat and cotton show symptoms as above.

Making Compost Household Scale

2011-02-23T01:05:00.001+07:00

One of the green lifestyle that we can carry out is to manage organic household waste, by making it into compost.

The compost is a fertilizer made from organic organic wastes.
Manufacturing is not too complicated, does not require a broad and does not require a lot of equipment and cost. Only requires a preliminary preparation, after that when it's routine, do not bother even besides reducing the waste disposal problem, the resulting compost can be used alone, does not need to buy.

Useful compost to improve soil structure, the necessary plant nutrients will be available. Microbes present in compost will help the absorption of nutrients that plants need. The land will become more loose. Plants are fertilized with compost will grow better. As a result the flowers grow, the page became beautiful and shady. Eve to be fresh because the oxygen generated by plants.

How Compost Happens

Naturally organic wastes will experience dissociation by various types of microbes, animals that live in soil, enzymes and fungi. This dissociation process requires certain conditions, namely temperature, air and moisture. The more suitable conditions, the faster the formation of compost, in 4-6 weeks already finished. If organic wastes are dumped, just months later into compost. In the composting process will occur krn heat of microbial activity. This is a sign of microbial munch organic material and turn it into compost. The optimal temperature composting remedy and should be preserved is too hot 45-65C.Jika should be inverted, at least every 7 days.

Equipment

Inside the house (living room, dining room) and in front of the kitchen trash can provided two different colors for organic waste and non-organic waste. Required plastic tub or drum used for making compost. At the bottom was given a few holes to remove excess water. To keep moisture from the top can be covered with gunny bags or woven bamboo. Primary vessel composting to soil or paving blocks, so that excess water can seep down. Bak composting should not be subject to rain water, must be under roof.

How Composting

- Mix 1 part of green waste and 1 part brown trash.
- Add 1 part old compost or top soil (top soil) and mixed. Soil or compost containing active microbes that will work to process waste into compost. If there is animal manure (chicken or beef) can also be mixed.
- Making can be at once, or layer by layer for example every 2 days plus the new garbage. Every 7 days stirred.
- Composting is completed if the mixture becomes black, and no smell of garbage. At week 1 and to-2 microbes begin work describes a compost heap, so the temperature to about 40C. In the week of the 5th and 6th the temperature returned to normal, ready-made compost.
- If you need to be sifted to separate the rough. Rough compost can be mixed into a bath of composting as an activator.

Composting success lies in how we can control temperature, humidity and oxygen, so that microbes can obtain an optimal environment for breeding, is enough food (organic matter), humidity (30-50%) and fresh air (oxygen) to breathe.
Organic garbage should be chopped into small pieces. To speed up composting, bio-activator can be added to a solution of Effective Microorganism (EM) that can be purchased at the farm shop.

Cover

If every household waste sorting: an organic compostable, non-organic given to scavengers, then the government stayed manage the remaining 10% only, which can not be recycled. What a happy scavengers, if residents have to sort their trash, so they simply take paper, plastic etc.. that is not littered with food scraps, without rummaging through the trash (sorry) scrambled with dogs and cats. Working hours will be shorter, the money obtained will be more.
Composting can also be done collectively, if circumstances do not allow. For example, densely populated housing, or apartments. Management can be handed over to RW or private parties. However, each household still have to separate their garbage. So there is no need to landfill which require extensive soil and cause pollution problems, the danger of landslides, river siltation, disease, etc..

Bokashi Fertilizer Compost Versus

2011-02-23T01:01:00.001+07:00

Before known chemistry fertilizer use by farmer, compost in advance popular. along with compost technology development events Also pulled over. agro-products result request quantity demands farmer cultivates Quicker tune. Want farmer does not again use the compost as fertilizer plants. Besides the long application result Also Because appearance in the difficulter get more organic ingredients.

That is organic compost fertilizer has many comparing keunggula fertilizer chemistry. Also find em after technology made so perfect organic fertilizer organic bokashi pregnancy. Same although upon the which use organic ingredients organic base fertilizer maker. superiorer bokashi but comparing with compost. Because bokashi cultivated by using technology em while compost notes.

Pls do We see comparison Between bokashi and compost, nutrients in bokashi higher pregnancy, the period in Quicker process plants, influence Towards perfect soil, that the energy and population of microorganisms in soil perfecter compare compost. Because the caused superiority Besides use of organic ingredients, Also there molasse mixture (Demerara sugarcane) / solution drop and pregnancy microorganisms in EM4 complete.

in maker bokashi, can be done Also According to aerobic or anaerobic conditions. That Used Same ingredients, that is molasse (sugarcane molasses), EM4 and organic ingredients (straw, rice bran and soft Husk). different in the course of the Fermentation. anaerobic bokashi after batter (organic ingredient is poured em + solution + water molasse Until pregnancy 40% water) is mixed into to the flat then putted into a plastic drum or plastic sack or pocket. hush During 7 days and at day-8 batters ready to cast. bokashi ready Pls Kissed scent worn tape. bokashi this is ideal is Used up to 6 Pls does stored in a good condition.

aerobic bokashi after batter is mixed flat then spreaded on dry tile and closed with tarpaulin or Gunny Sack. Also be putted into cans to hush During 4-7 day but every day That stirred so does the temperature exceed 40 ° c. bokashi ready if Kissed smell scent worn tape. this bokashi cans be made with the diverse composition of organic ingredients. like bokashi stable fertilizer, straw bokashi, bokashi Husk charcoal, and bokashi bokashi super express. basic principal commodity uses EM4, molasse, stable fertilizer, rice Husk and bran.

Organic Agriculture And Agricultural Revitalization

2011-02-23T01:00:00.000+07:00

By: Ministry of Agriculture, Dr. Ir. Anton Apriantono
(Speech At Workshop and Congress II Maporina with a fairly challenging themes, namely: Indonesia delivers Become Leading Organic Producers)

This meeting I think is very important and strategic in order to meet the challenges of globalization and trends in consumer demand and a growing world market today that started very concerned about the products free of chemical residue, environmental friendly and healthy as organic agricultural products. Of course this is also important in order to develop organic agriculture in Indonesia in the future so that Indonesia could become a leading organic producer in the world. This is understandable given the potential of Indonesia is very rich in germplasm and most of their agricultural land, particularly those outside Java, still "virgin" that automatically produces a given product has an organic food. Topics covered in this workshop also is in line with the Vision Development Agriculture Year 2005 -2009, namely the establishment of strong agriculture for food security stabilization, increasing added value and competitiveness of agricultural products and enhancing the welfare of individual and institutional petani.Secara, I strongly support the continued development of organic agriculture in Indonesia and the various efforts that have been and will be programmed by the Society of Organic Agriculture, which although in his life relatively young has been able to try real acting in an effort to popularize and raise the image of organic agriculture products of Indonesia in order to support the establishment of a strong food security . Workshop and Congress is also a real effort to collect a variety of resources and power to revitalize agriculture as the main pillar of national economic development in the form of a real and not merely a concept nyata.Pada several occasions, I've explained that agricultural development faced a number of obstacles and problems to be immediately resolved, among other things:

the limited and decreasing capacity of agricultural resources,
weak technology transfer system and the lack of precise targets,
limited access to business services, especially capital,
long chain of business administration and marketing system is not fair,
low quality, mentality, and peasant resource skills,
weak institutional and bargaining position of farmers,
weak coordination among relevant institutions and bureaucracy, and
have not berpihaknya macro-economic policies to farmers.

However, despite the constraints and problems mentioned above, the agricultural sector remains a focus for the hopes not only in maintaining food security, but also in the provision of employment, sources of income, foreign exchange and contributor to national economic growth. Foreign exchange from agriculture and other agriculture-based businesses are expected to increase from approximately U.S. $ 7.8 billion today to 12 billion U.S. $ in 2009. To answer these challenges, the United Indonesia Cabinet has determined that the Revitalization of Agriculture is one of the priorities of national economic development. Related to the above, the efforts initiated by Maporina become very important in order to accelerate the achievement of targets in atas.Sejalan with spirit and vision of agricultural development as stated above, among the several missions the Department of Agriculture is to promote the establishment of a strong agricultural, competitive , environmentally sustainable, and encourage increased agricultural sector contribution to national economy, through increased GDP, exports, job creation, poverty reduction, and improvement of public welfare, as well as the interests and protection of Indonesian farmers and agriculture in the international trading system. Mission to be achieved is actually very appropriate to the mission of organic agriculture as outlined by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Codex asserts that organic farming is a holistic production management system that support and enhance the health of ecosystems, including biological cycles and soil biological activity. While IFOAM explained that organic farming is a whole system approach based on a set of processes that produce sustainable ecosystems (sustainable), safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and social justice. Thus, organic farming is more than just a production system that include or exclude certain input, but also a philosophy with tujuan.mengoptimalkan health and productivity of inter-dependent communities of soil life, plants, animals and people.
The focus of the activities of the Department of Agriculture is how to increase farmers' income so that should be encouraged development of high value komodiats (horticulture, agriculture, livestock) and increased value added through processing. To achieve this certainly can not be left entirely to the Ministry of Agriculture alone or to the government alone. The involvement and cooperation of all stakeholders involved in agricultural development, namely the public, private sector, NGOs, academics, legislators, media, professional organizations such as MAPORINA, and sectors related to agricultural development is critical and needs to be raised. Therefore the development of organic food is one concrete step to achieve our vision and mission which in the end we hope to make our farmers more affluent, prosperous and also to make farming as a business sector of interest, particularly for our young people today tend to be progressively decreasing interest to plunge in the field of agriculture pertanian.Agar able to become the backbone of the nation's economy as intended in the Revitalization of Agriculture, the agricultural products we should be able to compete and give a positive value that can be felt by consumers. Our agricultural products may not be able to compete if our agricultural systems are not able to produce agricultural products quality and safety in accordance with the demands of today's consumers. In this era of free market our products increasingly demanded to be able to compete not only in international markets but also in the domestic market. This is related to the increasing flood of agricultural products from other countries into our country, while the more difficult our products into other countries related to the more strict requirements established by the country of export. This is a reasonable implication of ratification of the WTO agreement on SPS and TBT. The challenge for agricultural products to compete in the global era of increasingly severe due to various constraints that have been mentioned above. Because it is necessary breakthroughs to be able to overcome these two WTO agreements as well as make it into an opportunity for rapid advancement of our agricultural sector. Organic agriculture is one of the alternatives that we hope will continue and continue to increase its contribution to our GDP. We know in other countries, particularly in European countries, Latin America, and the Americas Union organic farming is a sector of the fastest growing food. Organic food sales growth rate ranged from 20-25% annually over the past decade ini.Sama both realized that in order to achieve prosperity and welfare of farmers and improve the competitiveness of our agricultural products there are several things that must be explored and pursued, such as: 1) Support facilities capital and adequate transportation; 2) Technical assistance and marketing, 3) Improvement of Agriculture and Human Resource Development continued to farmers and 4) The system of quality control and food safety of agricultural products so as to inhibit the entry of foreign products that are not qualified and at the same time promoting export our agricultural products. In the agriculture department work plan in 2005, improving quality and food safety is one of the main activities of the program increased endurance pangan.Pemerintah pmenyadari that organic farming is an option in agricultural production that enable small businesses Indonesia maintain household food security and adequate income while regenerate land, regain biodiversity, and provide quality food for the community workshops .. Clappers-benefit analysis of organic food has been shown by a variety of organic farming systems and terntegrasi who are economically feasible., Friendly environment, and improve the culture of the community. This scenario seems almost unrealistic for people who do not have sufficient understanding of the purpose of environmental objectives, economic and social development of organic agriculture. . These objectives are very relevant with masayarakt rural Indonesia, where poverty is the main cause of chronic food insecurity and environmental stress is not reduced as soil degradation, soil shrinkage, loss of biodiversity, and pollution of land / water.

In line with increasing consumer awareness of food safety, environmental protection issues, the issue of empowerment of farmers, government and other stakeholders including MAPORINA have made various efforts to promote and develop organic farming. Farmers and food producers in the future and should be encouraged to gradually sedikiti menerapakn this farming system. This is important given the premises controlled lebihd ari 20% of tropical agricultural land with plasma nutfahnya yangs discussion is diverse. Looking ahead, the government policy may need to be revised for more attention to organic farming could be improved. Especially with the crisis over gas supplies to some of the fertilizer industry, there needs to be an alternative for farmers is not lack of production inputs is vital. With the application of organic farming course we'll dependency of chemical fertilizer can be reduced. In connection with the many benefits and the impact is felt from the introduction yangd apat organic farming systems, the Department of Agriculture since 2000 has given serious attention to the development of organic agriculture in Indonesia. Even at that time proclaimed to reach Go Organic 2010. Furthermore, to achieve the 2010 Go Organic various programs and activities have been implemented. Among them is the Competent Authority with the formation of Organic Agriculture by the Minister of Agriculture Number: 432/Kpts/OT.130/9/2003 and the Formation of Organic Task Force. Various training of facilitators and organic inspectors, seminars and workshops to promote organic farming to the community and stakeholders have been conducted in cooperation with various institutions which had engaged in organic farming at that time. In fact we have successfully filed SNI alhamdulillah Organic Agriculture has dikonsensuskan and endorsed by the BSN that is SNI 01-6729-2002. Indeed, recognized by the restructuring at the Ministry of Agriculture, there seems to be confusion and concern about how the direction of government policy (Ministry of Agriculture) regarding the development and cultivation of organic farming in the future. Hopefully, in accordance with the spirit of revitalization of agriculture, in accordance with the mission and vision of the department of agriculture, organic agriculture will continue our support and hopefully in the future could be considered a special policy for organic agriculture is such a subsidy for bio-organic fertilizer and pesticides so that the availability of inputs organic farming can meet the requirements fulfilled. Government support for organic agriculture is also in line with other efforts that have been and are being run by Depatan namely the quality improvement program and the safety of Indonesian agricultural products that have high competitiveness or SiSakti known as Indonesia's Agriculture Certification System pencanangannya I have carried in the form of the Movement Campaign Conscious of Food Quality on November 30, 2004. Of course with the MAPORINA with its staff structure is very strong, organic agriculture program in Indonesia becomes more powerful and faster time to catch up from other countries which had already advanced in this farming system. Go Organic for 2010 could actually be realized and Indonesia could become a leading organic producer, yag things we have to prepare and establish a workshop and I hope the congress can be formulated. I also might be suggested that PP 28/2004 be revised for Organic Farming Systems can go in and regulated in the PP tersebutMelalui this workshop, I also suggested that Maporina not get stuck on a narrow definition of organic agriculture such as dwell only on organic fertilizers, organic fruits and vegetables . But it is also necessary to study the possibility of developing organic agriculture to other types of farming such as organic gardening products (coconut, vanilla, virgin oil, palm oil), organic livestock, poultry and quail organic, organic milk, organic honey, organic silk, organic sprouts including processed products that can meet the needs of organic consumers would increase market confidence organik.Untuk products, certification programs and supporting them need to be increased so that the organic certification program is recognized worldwide Indonesia and our farmers do not have to pay the expensive cost of certification. Training Internal Control System (ICS) should be expanded so that more farmers' groups who are touched by this program. Ministry of agriculture through the existing technical director generals are ready to help facilitate ICS training to our farmers. Hopefully with the existence revitalisai agricultural extension, the extension agents will also be provided with materials and skills on organic farming system so that if farmers want to switch to organic farming business they do not have trouble. The role of NGOs that is much help to farmers would be continued and enhanced. We're from the government to give awards for its participation to build and supply our farmers. We realize that the success of the agricultural program to be in vain if there is no increase in farmers' welfare.

Organic Fertilizer, Fertilizer Biological, and Chemical Fertilizers

2011-02-23T00:55:00.000+07:00

Many people are often wrong perception in the use of chemical fertilizer, biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers are often equated with chemical fertilizers. While fertilizers are actually completely different.

Making fertilizer or EM Effective microorganism

EM fertilizer is organic fertilizer which is made through a fermentation process using bacteria (microorganisms). Organic waste with EM process can be a useful organic fertilizer improves soil quality.

Beriikut fertilizer manufacturing steps using EM:

Preparation of bacterial destruction (EM).

Ingredients:

* Milk a cow or goat milk pure.
* The contents of the intestine (chicken / goat), which is needed is a bacteria in the gut.
* A quarter of a kilogram of shrimp paste (made from head / shrimp shell, fish head) + 1 kg sugar (cane juice) + 1 kg pineapple bran + 1 + 10 liters of clean water.

The tools needed:

Pans, stove and blender / rasp to smooth the pineapple.

How to manufacture:

* Ly, sugar, rice bran, pineapple (which is mashed with a blender) cooked for other bacteria that do not need to die.
* After boiling, the dough is cooled.
* Add milk, chicken or lamb intestinal contents.
* Closed meetings. After 12 hours the bubbles arise.
* When ready so it will be thick / sticky.

It should be noted that milk should not stale because of the ability of the bacteria is reduced. While the utility to remove the smell of pineapple is the result of bacterial processes.

How Breeding Bacteria

To save cost, EM4 bacterial seed purchased in store or cooperative Saprotan can breed its own, so the need for organic fertilizer to the existing land area can be met. The procedure EM4 cultured bacteria are as follows:

Materials and Composition:

1 liter of bacterial
3 kg of bran (at least)
¼ kg of brown sugar / white sugar / molasses (select one)
¼ kg shrimp
5 liters of water
Equipment and Facilities:

Bucket
Mixer
Cooking pot water
Bottle storage
Filter (of cloth or wire netting)
How Breeding:

Heat 5 liters of water to boiling.
Enter the shrimp paste, rice bran and molasses / sugar (if using brown sugar to be destroyed first) and stir until blended.
After the mixture evenly, refrigerate until completely cold! (Because if you do not really cold, the dough can actually kill the bacteria that will be bred).
Enter the bacteria and stir until blended. Then closed the meeting for 2 days.
On the third day and then not too tightly closed and stirred every day for approximately 10 minutes.
After 3-4 days the bacteria had to be taken with filtered, then stored in bottles that are open or closed not too tightly (for bacteria still get oksigend ari air).
Subsequently, the bottles are put into bacteria to make compost, liquid fertilizer or green manure mixed with the composition as will be described below.
Note: Waste can filter results to breed again with the setting up of approximately 1 liter of water and add cold boiled water and sugar only.

How to Make Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Materials and Equipment:

1 liter of bacterial
Hijau-hijauan/daun-daun 5 kg of fresh (not the rest and do not use leaves from the tree sap as dangerous as rubber, pine, resin, neem, and that is hard rotten like jato, bamboo, etc.)
0.5 kg of paste diluted with enough water
1 kg sugar / red / molasses (choose one) and diluted with water
30 kg animal waste
Sufficient water
Bucket / barrel / drum which can be closed tightly
Making way:

Animal manure and green leaves inserted in the bucket.
The liquid sugar and shrimp paste is inserted into the bucket.
Dissolve the bacteria into the water and put into drums, then closed the meeting.
After 8-10 days, the cultured bacteria has been completed and the drum had to be opened.
Strain and put in a clean container (bottle) to be stored / used.
Residual pulp strainer still contain bacteria, reserving about 1 to 2 liters, add water, shrimp paste, and sugar with the same comparison. After 8-10 days and then the bacteria have multiplied again and ready for use. So forth.
Usefulness:

Accelerate the composting of 3-4 months to 30-40 days.
Can be used directly as fertilizer spray, if the land had been given compost (fertile), but if the soil is less fertile / barren, direct use as fertilizer is not recommended.
Liquid fertilizer (a solution of bacteria) is not allowed to be mixed with other bacteria, particularly chemicals or materials to other pesticides such as tobacco.

How to Make Green Organic Fertilizer

Green manure: it is an organic fertilizer made from crop residues or waste which is processed with the help of bacteria.

Materials and Composition:

200 kg of green leaves or kitchen scraps.
10 kg of fine bran.
¼ kg sugar / brown sugar.
¼ liter of bacteria.
200 liters of water or to taste.
Making way:

Green leaves or chopped and soaked kitchen garbage.
Combine bran or bran with smooth green leaves.
Melt granulated sugar or brown sugar with water.
Enter the bacteria into the water. Mix with liquid sugar or brown sugar. Stir until blended.
The liquid bacteria and sugar poured on a mixture of green leaf / waste + rice bran. Stir until smooth, then digundukkan / stacked to a height of 15-20 cm and closed meetings.
Within 3-4 days of green manure has been finished and ready for use.

Compost From the Land Back to the Land

2011-02-23T00:53:00.000+07:00

Note: This material is used to describe the compost on farmers, planters, or ordinary people. Made with a simpler language to be more easily understood by farmers. Hopefully useful.

What is compost?
Compost or humus is the remains of living things which have undergone weathering, its form has changed, such as land and odorless. Compost has a complete NPK nutrient content, although a small percentage. Compost also contains other compounds that are beneficial to plants.

What are the benefits of compost?
Compost is like a multivitamin for the soil and plants. Compost to improve soil physical and chemical properties. The compost will restore soil fertility. Hard soil will become more loose. Poor soil will become fertile. Acid soils would be more neutral. Plants that were growing more fertile compost and crop quality is better than plants without compost.

What can be composted?
In principle all the ingredients that come from living creatures or organic materials can be composted. Litter, leaves, grass clipping, twigs, and wood waste can be composted. Manure, animals, even human waste could be composted. Composting of livestock manure, better known as manure. Food scraps and dead animals can also be composted. There is a material that is easily composted, there is a rather simple ingredients, and there is a difficult composted. Most easily composted organic material. Materials are rather easy, aka a bit difficult composted include: hard wood, stems, and bamboo. Materials include composted hard wood very hard, bones, hair, horns, and fur.

Why should be composted first?
Plants can not absorb nutrients from organic materials that are still raw, whatever the shape and origin. Are still fresh manure can not be absorbed by plants haranya. Moreover, crop residues are still in good shape also can not be absorbed by plants haranya. Compost is 'half done' is also not good for plants. Organic matter should be composted to 'mature' haranya to be absorbed by plants. The principle is that plants absorb nutrients from the soil, therefore, should be returned to the ground and given to the ground again.

How do I make compost quickly, easily, and cheaply?
Making compost is easy. Naturally organic material into compost will experience weathering, but the long time between half to one year depending on the material and condition. In order for the composting process can take place more quickly need additional treatment.
Composting is accelerated by adding activator or compost inoculum or starter. This activator is a micro-organism (microbe), which works to accelerate weathering of organic matter into compost. Organic materials are soft and small enough can be composted without having to do enumeration. But a large organic material and hard, should be chopped first. Activators compost must be mixed evenly throughout the organic material for composting process lasted better and faster.
The material will be composted should also contain enough water. This water is needed for the life of microorganisms in the compost activator. The material is more difficult to dry composting. However, too much water content will also inhibit the composting process. So wet should be enough. Materials must also contain enough air. Just as water, air required for the life of microorganisms compost activator.
To protect the compost from the outside environment is bad, the compost needs to be closed. The closure is intended to protect materials or micro-organisms from the rain, sunshine, evaporation, and temperature changes.
Material left in place for some time to mature compost. The length of time it takes between 2 weeks to 6 weeks depending on the materials composted. Soft materials that can be composted in a short time, 2-3 weeks. Hard materials that takes between 4-6 weeks. Characteristic of mature compost is its shape has changed to be more soft, blackish brown color, no odor, and easy to destroy / crumb.

How do I use compost?
Compost that has been cooked can be directly used for crops. There is no limit how many doses of compost materials given to the plants. In general, more compost gives better results. But if the compost will be used for breeding or for plants in pots / poly bag, the compost should be mixed soil with a ratio of one part compost: three parts soil.
Compost can be given as the only source of additional nutrients, or better known as organic farming. Compost should be given in sufficient quantities, so that plants can grow better. Compost can also be given together with artificial chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers can be reduced partially and replaced with the addition of compost.
Compost can be given to plant anything, ranging from farm crops, horticulture, plantations, ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and forestry. For example, for plants: paddy rice, upland rice, maize, cassava, beans, cabbage, potatoes, rubber, coffee, oil palm, cocoa, sugar cane, Aglonema, waves of love, mango, acacia, and others.

Compost Straw

Research conducted by the Land Research Center found that the organic matter content in most rice fields in Java P decreased to 1% only. Whereas the ideal organic matter content is about 5%. Poor condition of the organic material is causing many problems, among others: low fertilizer efficiency, low soil microbial activity, and poor soil structure. As a result, rice production tends to fall and demand for fertilizer continues to rise. Solutions to overcome this problem is to add organic material / compost to paddy lands. Compost should be added in sufficient amounts to re-ideal organic matter content as the original.

Compost Organic Waste Page

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How Composting Organic Waste Page

Step One:
Garbage leaves or grass hiju langilang still minimal, one sack + dry waste from the leaves and dry grass are falling trash

Step two:
Both waste is then brought together until evenly only then sprayed with water until damp.

Step three:
To provide Medication R1m composting process, (the drug found in farm stores), molasses, yeast tape, and a glass of brown sugar that has dissolved in water at least satugelas.
The next step one tablespoon of drugs in winnowing R1m in pour a glass of water on two new garbage and given yeast tape and a glass of brown sugar to the second pour bersaman in the garbage.
Step into a new emapt inserted in the space provided as a trash receptacle.

Organic Farming

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Organic farming is an integrated production management system

Organic farming is an integrated production management system that avoids use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and genetic engineering, pressing air pollution, soil and water. On the other hand, organic agriculture improve the health and productivity of flora, fauna and humans. The use of off-farm inputs which cause degradation of natural resources can not be categorized as organic farming. Sebailknya, farming systems that do not use the input from the outside, but follow the rules of organic farming can be included in the group of organic farming, although agro-ecosystem is not certified organic.

Agricultue

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Agriculture is the activity of the utilization of biological resources by humans to produce food, industrial raw materials, or energy sources, as well as to manage the environment. Activities utilization of biological resources in agriculture, including those commonly understood as cultivation of crops or grow crops (English: crop cultivation) and livestock rearing (raising), although its scope may also be the use of microorganisms and bioenzim in the processing of advanced products, such as cheese making and tempeh, or just mere extraction, such as fishing or forest exploitation.
The biggest part of the world's population earns a meager living in areas in the sphere of agriculture, but agriculture contributes only 4% of world GDP. History of Indonesia since the colonial era to the present are inseparable from agriculture and plantation sector, because the sector - this sector has great significance in determining the formation of various economic and social realities in different regions of Indonesia. According to the BPS in 2002, Indonesia's agriculture sector provides employment for about 44.3% although the population only accounts for about 17.3% of total gross domestic income.
Group examines agricultural sciences agricultural sciences with the support of his supporters. The core of the agricultural sciences are biology and economics. Since agriculture is always bound by space and time, supporting sciences, such as soil science, meteorology, agricultural engineering, biochemistry, and statistics, are also studied in agriculture. Farming is a core part of agriculture because it involves a set of activities performed in cultivation. Farmers is the designation for those who carry out agricultural activities, for example "tobacco farmers" or "fish farmer". Actors livestock farming specifically referred to as the breeders.