The Sweet Heart

his Coming

2007-03-28T20:43:00.000+07:00

His coming at the time made me life
Nothing to say, it’s only just more than my joy
I’m not conscious what it is made me
Thou, there…have created my smile
Opened my eyes to love my mind

I’ve seen the light in your soul
Greet and try to hug my whole body
I could hear the roaring wind, the rainfall of thy songs
It was like a whiz-sound every time in my soul

His coming was so beautiful that has given me a valuable memory
Bring me to life and know how and who I am
I was aware that You’ve sent his coming
I was aware that his coming too will end with his leaving

I was enough in happiness with his coming for a while
I’ve felt back in the past life as the time as small child
Singing and dancing happily, innocence in life-love
It just only heart that could paint it in a beautiful-painting

I’ve not cried yet for his coming in a while
I’ve found him as a gift as my sincerity
I’ve not regretted with this rendezvous
It’s became a journeying of self-story that’s still be continue

I’ve found the Heaven

2007-03-27T07:51:00.000+07:00

I’ve found the heaven
In my mother soul, at the sole of her foot, that’s flowed by her words, sincerely smiled and my genuine loved

I’ve found the love
In gleaming thy eyes that’s so incisive, pierced my soul, body and my marrow, heart, throat and my fingernail’s tip

When the night was coming, I’ve dreamed and delirioused, we’ve graced its beautiful like flying to the cloud, millions of Angels come to close, millions of wings have growth in our body

When the morning has came, how was sore all the souls, body, marrow, throat and fingernail’s tip
You’ve gone…..
Millions of the lonely-self have broken me
Millions of the sore-self have thrusted me

I heard tears of Angels, He’s so sad with our suffering
While the devils felt envious

I’ve found the Heaven
But, Could I come inside??

Politics and the English Language

2007-01-30T20:57:00.000+07:00

By George Orwell’s

Most people who have trouble with the matter that English language is in a bad way, for this concern George Orwell’s in his most famous essays, Politics and the English Language, he examines political writing (and writing in general) in English, diagnoses its serious faults, and suggests remedies.

Our civilization is decadent, and our language, so the argument runs must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is sentimental archaism. But it belief that language is a natural growth and not and instrument which we shape for our own purposes.

Then, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have a political and economic causes; it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that it happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible. Modern English, especially written English, is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step toward political regeneration.

These below are the examples of the English language as it is now habitually written, these passages have not been picked out because they are especially bad,

1. I am not, indeed, sure whether it is not true to say that the Milton who once seemed not unlike a seventeenth-century Shelley had not become, out of an experience ever more bitter in each year, more alien [sic] to the founder of that Jesuit sect which nothing could induce him to tolerate.

Professor Harold Laski (Essay in Freedom of Expression)

2. Above all, we cannot play ducks and drakes with a native battery of idioms which prescribes egregious collocations of vocables as the Basic put up with for tolerate, or put at a loss for bewilder .

Professor Lancelot Hogben (Interglossa)

3. On the one side we have the free personality: by definition it is not neurotic, for it has neither conflict nor dream. Its desires, such as they are, are transparent, for they are just what institutional approval keeps in the forefront of consciousness; another institutional pattern would alter their number and intensity; there is little in them that is natural, irreducible, or culturally dangerous. But on the other side, the social bond itself is nothing but the mutual reflection of these self-secure integrities. Recall the definition of love. Is not this the very picture of a small academic? Where is there a place in this hall of mirrors for either personality or fraternity?

Essay on psychology in Politics (New York)

4. All the "best people" from the gentlemen's clubs, and all the frantic fascist captains, united in common hatred of Socialism and bestial horror at the rising tide of the mass revolutionary movement, have turned to acts of provocation, to foul incendiarism, to medieval legends of poisoned wells, to legalize their own destruction of proletarian organizations, and rouse the agitated petty-bourgeoise to chauvinistic fervor on behalf of the fight against the revolutionary way out of the crisis.

Communist pamphlet

5. If a new spirit is to be infused into this old country, there is one thorny and contentious reform which must be tackled, and that is the humanization and galvanization of the B.B.C. Timidity here will bespeak canker and atrophy of the soul. The heart of Britain may be sound and of strong beat, for instance, but the British lion's roar at present is like that of Bottom in Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream -- as gentle as any sucking dove. A virile new Britain cannot continue indefinitely to be traduced in the eyes or rather ears, of the world by the effete languors of Langham Place, brazenly masquerading as "standard English." When the Voice of Britain is heard at nine o'clock, better far and infinitely less ludicrous to hear aitches honestly dropped than the present priggish, inflated, inhibited, school-ma'amish arch braying of blameless bashful mewing maidens!

Letter in Tribune

Each of these passages has faults of its own, these can be seen as in:

1. uses five negatives in fifty three words. Making nonsense of the whole passage, and in addition there is the slip -- alien for akin --, and several avoidable pieces of clumsiness which increase the general vagueness.

2. plays ducks and drakes with a battery which is able to write prescriptions, and, while disapproving of the everyday phrase put up with, is unwilling to look egregious up in the dictionary and see what it means

3. it is simply meaningless

4. the writer knows more or less what he wants to say

5. words and meaning have almost parted company.

These passage also has quite apart from avoidable ugliness, two qualities are common to all of them. The first is staleness of imagery; the other is lack of precision, it means the writer either has a meaning and cannot express it, or he inadvertently says something else, or he is almost indifferent as to whether his words mean anything or not. This mixture of vagueness and sheer incompetence is the most marked characteristic of modern English prose, and especially of any kind of political writing.

Another example which has faults of its own, i.e. the verse from Ecclesiastes. It will be translated from the Good English into modern English of the worst sort.

Good English
“I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.”

Modern English:

“Objective considerations of contemporary phenomena compel the conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken into account.”

The beginning and ending of the sentence follow the original meaning fairly closely, but in the middle the concrete illustrations -- race, battle, bread -- dissolve into the vague phrases "success or failure in competitive activities. The whole tendency of modern prose is away from concreteness. The first sentence contains six vivid images, and only one phrase ("time and chance") that could be called vague. The second contains not a single fresh, arresting phrase., This kind of writing is not yet universal.

Modern writing at its worst does not consist in picking out words for the sake of their meaning and inventing images in order to make the meaning clearer.A scrupulous writer, in every sentence that he writes, will ask himself at least four questions, thus: 1. What am I trying to say? 2. What words will express it? 3. What image or idiom will make it clearer? 4. Is this image fresh enough to have an effect? And he will probably ask himself two more: 1. Could I put it more shortly? 2. Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly? It is at this point that the special connection between politics and the debasement of language becomes clear.

In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defence of the indefensible, it is broadly true that political writing is bad writing. Where it is not true, it will generally be found that the writer is some kind of rebel, expressing his private opinions and not a "party line." Orthodoxy, of whatever color, seems to demand a lifeless, imitative style. The political dialects to be found in pamphlets, leading articles, manifestoes, White papers and the speeches of undersecretaries do, of course, vary from party to party, but they are all alike in that one almost never finds in them a fresh, vivid, homemade turn of speech. Thus political language has to consist largely of euphemism. The inflated style itself is a kind of euphemism. The great enemy of clear language is insincerity. When there is a gap between one's real and one's declared aims, one turns as it were instinctively to long words and exhausted idioms. In our age there is no such thing as "keeping out of politics." All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred, and schizophrenia. When the general atmosphere is bad, language must suffer. Then if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought. A bad usage can spread by tradition and imitation even among people who should and do know better.

Orwell said that the decadence of our language is probably curable. He belief that language merely reflects existing social conditions, and that we cannot influence its development by any direct tinkering with words and constructions. So far as the general tone or spirit of a language goes, this may be true, but it is not true in detail. It has nothing to do with archaism, with the salvaging of obsolete words and turns of speech, or with the setting up of a "standard English" which must never be departed from. On the contrary, it is especially concerned with the scrapping of every word or idiom which has outworn its usefulness. It has nothing to do with correct grammar and syntax, which are of no importance so long as one makes one's meaning clear, or with the avoidance of Americanisms, or with having what is called a "good prose style." In prose, the worst thing one can do with words is surrender to them. When yo think of a concrete object, you think wordlessly, and then, if you want to describe the thing you have been visualizing you probably hunt about until you find the exact words that seem to fit it. These are the examples of various of the tricks by means of which the work of prose construction is habitually dodged:

1. Dying metaphors. A newly invented metaphor assists thought by evoking a visual image, while on the other hand a metaphor which is technically "dead". Some metaphors now current have been twisted out of their original meaning withouth those who use them even being aware of the fact.

2. Operators, or verbal false limbs, it is the trouble of picking out appropriate verbs and nouns. Instead of being a single word. The passive voice is wherever possible used in preference to the active, and noun constructions are used instead of gerunds. Simple conjunctions and prepositions are replaced by such phrases.

3. Pretentious diction are used to dress up a simple statement and give an air of scientific impartiality to biased judgements. Foreign words are used to give an air of culture and elegance. There is no real need for any of the hundreds of foreign phrases now current in English. Bad writers, would especially scientific, political, and sociological writers, are nearly always haunted by the notion that Latin Greek words are grander than Saxon ones.

4. Meaningless words which are almost completely lacking in meaning. If words like black and white were involved, instead of the jargon words dead and living, he would see at once that language was being used in an improper way.

Probably it is better to put off using words as long as possible and get one's meaning as clear as one can through pictures and sensations. This last effort of the mind cuts out all stale or mixed images, all prefabricated phrases, needless repetitions, and humbug and vagueness generally. But one can often be in doubt about the effect of a word or a phrase, and one needs rules that one can rely on when instinct fails. This is rules, in particular, Orwell states his beliefs of what writers should do:

(i) Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.

(ii) Never us a long word where a short one will do.

(iii) If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.

(iv) Never use the passive where you can use the active.

(v) Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.

(vi) Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.

These rules sound elementary, and so they are, but they demand a deep change of attitude in anyone who has grown used to writing in the style now fashionable.

Finally, Orwell has not here been considering the literary use of language, but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought. If you simplify your English, you are freed from the worst follies of orthodoxy. You cannot speak any of the necessary dialects, and when you make a stupid remark its stupidity will be obvious, even to yourself. Political language -- and with variations this is true of all political parties, from Conservatives to Anarchists -- is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind. One cannot change this all in a moment, but one can at least change one's own habits, and from time to time one can even.

Rights of Man

2007-01-30T20:53:00.000+07:00

By Thomas Paine

Rights of Man was written by Thomas Paine in 1791 as a reply to Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke. He is one of the true fathers of the American Revolution declaring. He was the equal of Washington in making American liberty possible. Rights of Man is dedicated to general Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette acknowledging the importance of the American and the French Revolution in formulating the principles of modern democratic governance. It has been interpreted as a work defending the French Revolution, but it is also a seminal work embodying the ideas of liberty and human equality. That Paine was one of the greatest pamphleteers of his age is evident from the vigorous approach to writing, and despite the humour that alleviates his sarcastic tone, The Rights of Man is undoubtedly one of the most serious works influencing generations of liberal believers in democracy.

Many of the ideas in The Rights of Man are derived from the concepts of the Age of Enlightenment. John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government particularly influenced Paine who ascribes the origins of rights to nature. Paine emphasises that rights cannot be granted by any charter because this would legally imply they can also be revoked and under such circumstances they would be reduced to privileges.

Paine writes,

“It is a perversion of terms to say that a charter gives rights. It operates by a contrary effect - that of taking rights away. "Rights are inherently in all the inhabitants; but charters, by annulling those rights, in the majority, leave the right, by exclusion, in the hands of a few. ... They...consequently are instruments of injustice. ”
“The fact therefore must be that the individuals themselves, each in his own personal and sovereign right, entered into a compact with each other to produce a government: and this is the only mode in which governments have a right to arise, and the only principle on which they have a right to exist.”
According to Paine, the sole purpose of the government is to protect the irrefutable rights inherent to every human being. Thus all institutions which do not benefit a nation are illegitimate, including the monarchy (and the nobility) and the military establishment.

Paine also offers the statements in the United States Declaration of Independence, though the words are somewhat different.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it.

In his Paine's fundamental statements
The Declaration of the Rights of Man can be approached from his most telling points:

1.Men are born, and always continue, free and equal in respect of their rights. Civil distinctions, therefore, can be founded only on public utility.

2.The end of all political associations is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man; and these rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance of oppression.

3.The nation is essentially the source of all sovereignty; neither can any individual, nor any body of men, be entitled to any authority which is not expressly derived from it.
These three points are similar to the "self-evident truths" expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence.

The Rights of Man primarily opposes Burke's projected notion of hereditary government. Burke's conservative notion of power centers in the idea that a dictatorial government of the people is necessitated by the corrupt nature of human beings. A staunch supporter of the aristocracy as well as a disbeliever of true democracy, Burke suggests that true social stability would arise if the poverty ridden majority were to be governed by an exclusive minority of wealthy noblemen. According to Burke, the lawful inheritance of wealth or religious power ensured the propriety of power being the exclusive domain of the elite.

Paine, scathingly critical of Burke, uses sarcastic humour to refute his points. Paine's arguments denounce Burke’s assertion of hereditary wisdom and judge his declarations as most offensive.

“Notwithstanding the nonsense, for it deserves no better name, that Mr. Burke has asserted about hereditary rights, and hereditary succession, and that a Nation has not a right to form a Government of itself; it happened to fall in his way to give some account of what Government is. "Government," says he, "is a contrivance of human wisdom. . . Admitting that government is a contrivance of human wisdom, it must necessarily follow, that hereditary succession, and hereditary rights (as they are called), can make no part of it, because it is impossible to make wisdom hereditary.”

Paine asserts that the institution of Monarchy should not be traced back. He declares Burke’s argument null and void since the appeal to precedent and tradition is merely an appeal to the invading looters who deprived the original Anglo-Saxons of their right to freedom.

Therefore, Paine in the Rights of Man proposes to reform in the English government. He suggests eliminiation of all aristocratic titles, seeking a democracy which would exclude such unfair practises as primogeniture which inevitably leads to what he calls “despotism of the family”. He also suggests economic reforms in the shape of tax-cuts for the poor and subsidies for their education. Finally he proposed a sort of “progressive taxation”, declaring that more wealthy estates should be taxed more heavily to prevent the emergence and to lighten the burden of taxes borne primarily by the working class and the poor.

On Liberty

2007-01-24T14:46:00.000+07:00

By John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill is an English philosopher and political economist, was an influential liberal thinker of the 19th century. He was an advocate of Utilitarianism, it is usually suggested that Mill is an advocate of negative Liberty, However this has been contested by many academics. John Stuart Mill was given extremely rigorous, some would say harsh, ubringing, and was deliberately shielded from association with children his own age other than his siblings.

Mill’s On Liberty is one of the founding texts on Liberalism and one of the most important treatises ever written on the concept of Liberty. He wrote that he believed On Liberty to be about “the importance, to man and society, of a large variety in types of character, and of giving full freedom to human nature to expand itself in innumerable and conflicting directions.” The book also explores the nature and limits of the power that can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. One argument that Mill develops further than any previous philosopher is the harm of principle. The harm principle holds that each individual has the right to act as he wants, so long as these actions do not harm others. If the action is self-regarding, that is, if it only directly affects the person undertaking the action, then the society has no right intervene, even if it feels the actor is harming itself.

Mill’s argument proceeds in five chapter, in first chapter, he provides a brief overview of the meaning of Liberty. His next two chapters detail why liberty of opinion and Liberty of action are so valuable. His fourth chapter discusses the appropriate level of authority that society should have over the individual. His fifth chapter looks at particular examples and applications of theory, to clarify the meaning of his claims.

In the first chapter Mill starts by limiting the scope of his essay to civil or Social Liberty. He writes that his essay will look at what kind of power society can legitimately exert over the individual. Because he thinks, human beings are living in more civilized stage of development, so that it must be presented in a new conditions of individual Liberty.

The concept of liberty is considered to be develop in ancient Greece, Rome and England, liberty implied “protection against the tyranny of political rulers.”and rulers and subjects were often thought to have a necessarily antagonistic relationship. The leader didn’t govern by the will of his people, and while his power was seen as necessary, it was also considered dangerous. Patriots tried to limit the leader’s power in two ways; (1) they gained immunities called “political liberties or rights.” The leader was thought to have a duty to respect these immunities, and there was a right of rebellion of these rights and liberties were infringed. (2) Constitutional checks developed, under which the community or their representatives gained some power of consent over important acts of governance.

Then Mill describes a civilization as a struggle between society and individual about which should have control over the individual’s actions. He says that society ,through laws and public opinions, has far more power over the actions and thoughts of an individual than an individual has over himself. He rejects and argues that society should have control over only those actions that directly affect it, or those actions that harm some of it members. Because, of (these) the individual harming himself or acting against his own good, it doesn’t mean that other should interfere in his actions. It is important to note that in rejecting social interference with individual or a group can’t rightly punish a person’s behavior by treating him as an enemy, of his actions only affect himself. But, if his actions affect others, other only can punish his behavior. It is fine to argue with a person about his actions, but not to compel him, Mill writes “0ver himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.” So, Mill divides the appropriate sphere of human liberty into 3 categories, the liberty of individual thought and opinion, the liberty of tastes and pursuits, the liberty to unite with other consenting individuals for any purpose that doesn’t harm others.

Freedom of thought and opinion are the issues which Mill looks exclusively. He says , it is right to limit somebody]
‘s expression of opinions either through their government or by their own. Even if one stated a particular opinion, other shouldn’t have right to silence him. Silencing these opinions is wrong, because it robs,” the human race, posterity as well as the existing generation” says Mill. We can never sure that a silenced opinion contains some element of the truth. He also argues that allowing people to air false opinions is productive for two reasons. First individuals are more likely to abandon erronous beliefs if they are engaged in open exchange of ideas. Second by forcing other individuals to re-examine, and re affirm their beliefs in the process of debate, these beliefs are kept from declining into mere dogma. It is not enough for Mill that one simply has unexamined belief that happens to be true; one must understand why the belief in question is the true one.

Then Mill gives reasons why humanity is hurt by silencing opinions, the first argument is that the opinions which are suppressed maybe true. Since (human) “to err is human feature,” they have no authority to decide on issue for all people and give only their judgements. He asserts that the reason why liberty of opinion is often in danger in danger is that in practice people tend to be confident in their own rightness, not taking consideration the world of infallibility they live in. So, Mill argues that the suppressed opinion maybe true and will bring up some essential points. First, it highlights that moral truths do exist. He is not saying that all the opinion are true and valid. Rather, he is simply saying that any simple idea might be true, and therefore, no idea can be dismissed, since truth is a boon to progress. Second, the government should have a duty to uphold certain beliefs that are important to the well being of society. Only, bad men would try to undermine these beliefs. He says that we should debate the opinion even though it is wrong and useless. For instance, in the past people have been persecuted for what is now believed to be true. Mill gives examples about Socrates and Jesus Christ, who were put to death for blasphemy because their beliefs were radical for their times. Thirdly, Mill considers that truth maybe justifiably persecuted, because persecution is something that truth should have to face and it will always survive. He says that it is unfair for those who have true ideas, which could be or are a great service to humanity, those true ideas must be valued and taken into constituate, that it is wrong to assume that the truth always triumph over persecution. It may take centuries for truth to reemerge after it is suppressed. As on example, Mill gives the reformation of the Chatolic Church was put down twenty times before Martin Luther was successful. Finally it is worth thinking about the importance of Mill’s assumption in the existence of truth to his justification for freedom of opinion. If no one could be wrong or right, would this require tolerance and respect of difference, or would the strongest opinion simply try to defeat all others. Mill doesn’t try to answer this question, because the existence of truth is assumed throughout. However, thinking about such issues is important in seeing how persuasive Mill can be to people who do not share all of his assumptions.

Then, Mill takes the issue of liberty of thought and discussion. If people hold a true opinion they will benefit from hearing dissenters argue against that opinion. He thinks that most people only know partial truths and they might benefit from other fragments of truth, this discussion reflects a particular conception of how people learn. People learn through debate and through having their opinions challenged, thus, dissenting opinions are socially useful because they help people to understand the real strenght and limitations of their own. So, if the true opinion is not debated and discussed, the meaning of the opinion itself maybe lost.

Concluding, it is important to pay attention of to opinions of individual who can be right if the issue is discussed and debated. If the opinion and actions are not affecting others. It will be unfair to punish the individual, with whom it would be better to discuss the issue. Finally, Mill in his essay express liberty to the ability to progress and avoid social stagnation through liberty of opinion and liberty of action which is first, it is valuable for two main reasons, one, the unpopular opinion may be right. Two, if the opinion is wrong, refuting it will allow people to better understand their own opinions. Second, it is desirable for parallel reasons. The nonconformist, may be correct, or she may have a way of life that best suits her needs.

Everythin' has gone

2007-01-19T16:18:00.000+07:00

In the bright of day……
My mind’s flying to sound the lonely rhyme
Trying to leave heart in loneliness….
With the light, I’m singing a love song for thou….!!!

What has happened there?
I never ever know….
What has happened to me here?
You never ever know…
Have you ever thought to know my suffering
Have you ever tried to know it
While I was here always thinking of you
Always trying to wait for you

Now, I feel be hesitant with my days
Did you still hold my heart closed
As the first time as you said dear “LOVE”
No…no, I was not dreaming…I realized with the reality
But, because of my ability, I could not be living in thy shadows
I realized we have different world
I knew we are difficult to unite
I understood we’re feelin’ be burden for each other
But, why....?! it should be happened so far
If there is a better between us
That is sure, Everythin’ will be finished..!!!
And just until here our Dream

Orientalism

2006-11-03T23:00:00.000+07:00

Anything related to east is oriental. This is the term popularised by Edward W. Said's 'Orientalism', in which he examine by which the 'Orient' was, and continues to be, constructed in European thinking. Professional Orientalist included scholars in various disciplines such as language, history, and philology but he said the discourse of Orientalism was much more widespread and endemic in European thought.
But as a form of Academic discourse, it was a style of thought based on the Ontological and Epistemological distribution between the 'Orient' and 'Occident' but, most probably, said discusses Orientalism as the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient dealing with it by making statement about it, authorising views of it, describing it, teaching it, settling it, ruling over it, in short Orientalism as a western style of dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the orient. In this sense it is a classic e.g. of Foucault's definition of discourse

The period of immense advance in the institutions and content of Orientalism coincides exactly with the period of unparalleled European expansions; from 1815 to 1914 European direct colonial dominian expanded from about 35 % OF the earth's surface to about 85% of it. Every continent was affected, none more so than africa and Asia. The two greatest empires were the British and the French, allies and partners in some things, in others they were hostile rivals.

In the case of Islam, European leaved a lot. After Mohammad's death in 632, the military and later the cultural and religious hegemony of Islam grew enormously, for example, Islam was a lasting trauma. It symbolized teror devastation, the demonic hordes of hated barbarians, first Persia, Syria and Egypt, then Turkey, then North africa fell to the Muslim armes, in the 8 C 9 C's Spain, Sicily and part of France was conquered by the 13 C 14 C's.Islam ruled as far east as India, Indonesia and China

Orientalism is the generic term that i have been employing to describe the western approach to the orient, Orientalism is the discipline by which the Orient was (and is) approached systematically as a topic of learning, discovery and practice

Islam excepted the Orient for Europe was until the 19 C, a domain with continuous history of unchallenged western dominance. Orientalism describes the various disciplines institutions, processes of investigation and styles og thought by which Europeans came to 'know' the 'Orient' over several centuries, and which reached their height during the rise of 19 C imperialism. The key to Said's interest in this way of knowing Europe's other is that it effectively demonstrates the link between knowledge and power, for it 'constructs' and dominates Orientals in the process of knowing them

Orientalism is an openly political work. Its aim is not to investigate the array of disciplines or to celebrate exhaustively the historical or cultural provenance of Orientalism, but rather to reverse the 'gaze' of the discourse to analyze it from the point of view of an Oriental. His intention, he claims was to provoke, and thus to stimulate a new kind of dealing with the Orient.

Orientalism refers to at least three different pursuits, all of which are interdependent: an academic discipline, a style of thought, and a corporate institution for dealing with the Orient. The three are interrelated particularly since the domination entailed in the third defination is reliant upon and justified by the textual establishment of the Orient that emerges out of the academic and imaginative definations of Orientalism.

Orientalism is best viewed in Foucauldian terms as a discourse: a manisfetation of power/knowledge. Said's methodology is embedded in what he terms, 'textualism', which allows him to envisage the Orient as a textual creation. In Orientalist discourse, the affiliations of the text compel it to produce the west as asite of power and a centre distincly demarcated from the 'other' as the object of knowledge and inevitably subordination. This hidden political function of the Orientalist text is a feature of its worldliners and said's project is to focus on the establishment of the Orient as textual construct. He is not interested in analysing what lies hidden in the Orientalist text, but in showing how the Orientalist 'makes the Orient speak, describes the Orient, renders its mysteries plain for and to the West'.

The Orientalist text is used to represent the truth. The Orient is rendered silent and its reality is revealed by the Orientalist. Since these texts offer a familiarity, even intimacy, with a distant and exotic reality, the texts themselves are accorded enermous status and accuse greater importance than the objects they seek to describe.

Althought Said has a clear debt to Foucault; these are important points of departure. The problem said how with Foucault is a lingering sense that he is more fascinated with the way power operates than committed to trying to change power relations in society. Foucault's conception of power leaves no room for resistance. However, for Said, resistance is twofold: to know the Orient outside the discourse of Orientalism and to represent and present this knowledge to the Orientalist to write back to them.

Edwar Said asserts that until the late 19C and early 20C was a European speciality. 'The principle dogmas of Orientalism, according to Said remain unchanged'. They are, in his words:

1) The absolute and systematic difference between the west which is ratioanal, developed, humane, superior, and the Orient, which is aberrant, underdeveloped and inferior.

2) Abstarctions about the Orient particularly those based on links representing a 'classical' Oriental civilization are always preferable to direct evidence drawn from modern Oriental realities.

3) The Orient is uniform and incapable of defining itself; therefore a heighly generalized and systematic vocabulary for describing the Orient from a western stand point is inevitable and even scientifically objective. 4) The Orient is at the bottom something either to be feared or to be controlled.

According to Said while these were same rare exceptions, the typical Orientalist performed the role of an imperical scribe. He sums up the situation of 19C Orientaalism as Follows. 'The system of European is western knowledge about the Orient, thus becomes synonimous with European domination of the Orient.' While these is no denying the great significance of Said's critique of Orientalism.

Cool....Cool....Cool....

2006-10-21T22:54:00.000+07:00

Summer, Autumn has gone. Winter is coming now and Ramadhan day will finish soon. Usually after finishing Ramadhan i celebrate for Eid Mubarak in Indonesian Embassy together all Indonesian and some muslim people who come from Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei and another country. They come to our embassy for praying Eidl Fitr which held at the field in the morning. This month in India has two celebration, First Deevawali, it is a celebration for hindi people. Second Eid mubarak, i'm waiting for this day after we are fasting during 30 days for muslim people in the world. In this day muslim people also have an obligation pay for tithe "Zakat Fitrah" (tithe in rice or cash paid at end of fasting month) but it may be allowed to pay in the beginning of Ramadhan or before praying Eid Mubarak.

Finally, i wanna say for all muslim people in the world 'WISH ALL OF MUSLIM A VERY HAPPY EID MUBARAK'

ALLAHU AKBAR....ALLAHU AKBAR....ALLAHU AKBAR LA ILAHA ILLALLAHU ALLAHU AKBAR ALLAHU AKBAR WALILLAH ILHAM

My activity's picture in Ramadhan day

2006-10-16T17:31:00.000+07:00

here when i celebrated nuzulul qur'an night (17 day of ramadhan), at that time we also performed a nasyid group which sing sholawat Badr and some islamic songs

This is when i 'm having aftar together with all indonesian in New Delhi

me with my colledge friends and my lecturers are in front of English Department in JMI, this picture taken when we have iftar of Ramzan.

Ramadhan in my luv place

2006-10-14T21:42:00.000+07:00

Today is 21 ramadhan or Ramzan in India, Alhamdulillah my fasting is still full until now. I'm very enjoying fasting here even i'm far from my family. i've two times fasting in SRK country (he..he..). i've taken some experiences about the people habitual here during ramadhan day. Usually during these days, so many people sell different kinds of foods, sweet cakes, etc. They sell it all in a simple shop along the street. sometimes, the shop is made only for ramadhan day. Therefore along the street is so crowded with all people. we can see this event in the evening before adzan maghrib where muslim people are doing aftar together with eating sweet cakes, drink, etc, after that they are praying together in mosque or at home.

Fortunately, my flat where i'm staying is surrounded muslim people. There are some mosque around my place. Besides, i'm also can hear adzan five times for praying that's why i feel living in my hometown because the situation here and in my home "Medan" is little same. People said about my place now Zakir Nagar,where i'm staying, is the big center of muslim people live especially in NEW DELHI.

As long i've been here during one year more, i never see the women being seller or keep the shop in the market around my place and u know that i also rarely see the women who buy something like food, vegetables or all ingredients for cooking food at home, frequency men do this all.

I come from Indonesia

2006-09-28T16:18:00.000+07:00

Indonesia, an archipelago country, has long been lure to men of vision from Fa-Hsien the Buddhist scholar of 5 th century whose writings contributed to the earliest recorded history of Indonesia, to Marcopolo the world traveler who visited Aceh (now Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province) in 1992, then Megallan who routed the cope of hope in the early 16 th century to sail to fabulous spice islands, now maluku, and Alfred Russel Wallace the great natural scientist in the 19th century, and indeed countless enterprising souls, men and women traders envoy from Asian regions and other parts of the world

The Dutch had colonized Indonesia, the largest archipelago in the world, since the 17th century, which many ways shaped the International profile of the farmer Dutch East India for 300 years.

Indonesia enjoys a very strategic geographical location. It stretches 5.120 km between the Australian and Asian continental mainland and divides the pacific and the Indonesia Ocean at the equator. A unique geopolitical status stens from this fact.

Since its independence in 1945, Indonesia has been a nation aspiring to unify the best from the traditional and modern values and stood consistently to reconciled between national interests and International cooperation. The state philosophy Pancasila (the five principles) embodies the innate attitudes of Indonesia people, which are also reflected in the country's conduct towards other nations. Since 1976 has acted as initiator and influential member of ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nation).

Indonesia's community is made up of a large variety of ethnic groups of rural communities. There are about 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia spread from Sabang (The Northern most tip of Sumatra Island) to Merauke in Papua. Therefore, they have differentd languages and dialects. The variety of those dialects has made The Indonesian community determined on a national language at the second Indonesian Youth Congress on 28th October 1928, called "Bahasa Indonesia". It has become the Lingua Franca among individuals coming from diffetrent ethnic groups and culture in the national scope.

Besides the variety of ethnic groups and languages, the people adopt different religions. One of the special characteristics of the Indonesia culture is the high appreciation of the community towards religion and the faith in the One and only God.

The are five religions formally been recognized here. They are Islam, Catholic, Protesttant, Hindu, and Buddha. Nevertheless othe faith are found, especially in isolated societies, which have been accepted and are called traditional faith. Majority of the Indonesian people are Moeslems.

The 1945 constitution ensures freedom of religions parctice. Every Indonesian citizen has the right to adhere to the religion of his/her own choice and there shall be no religions discrimination. Every citizen shall respect and be tolerant to each other's belief while any form of anti-religions propaganda shall be condemned and prohibited.

The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta. It is the center of government, commerce and industry and such has an extensive communication network with the rest of the country and the outside world. Jakarta is a city of contrasts; the traditioanal and modern, the rich and the poor, the sacral and the worldly, are often found side by side in the metropolis. Even their populations, coming from diverse ethnic and cultural groups that make up Indonesia, are an ever-present reminder of the national motto: Unity in Diversity.

Coat of arms

Hindi Tradition "Holy Day"

2006-09-27T23:20:00.000+07:00

My best friends

2006-09-22T17:15:00.000+07:00

Zest

2006-09-22T16:35:00.000+07:00

Acrostic means a kind of poetry which is taken from one word which is initial, medial and final of the word become a new lyric.

This lyric is taken from my name

Zest of my soul to embrace my dreams
Unbereable like the sun shining to the earth
later if the sun shines of my brittle soul
fancy that had been soaked to embrace my dreams
In beginning the bright day of tomorrow
Tears able to change everything that had been passed to gain better of my life
Renewing of the inflammable heart
It never reach without the ensurement of soul

HE

2006-09-22T16:14:00.000+07:00

It's far i heard your voice
It's dark i heard your calling
It's so deep in my heart i heard your whispering
It's melodious i heard your singing

Where should i looking for you
No eyes can see you
Yet, i know you'r so close to me
Hug and Embrace me................

I ask to all the world
Who........who is he?
That's beside me when the sun have sunk
When all the world's weary with its life

In loneliness i'm musing a moment
I praised and worshipped him
Overflow crying moisten my cheek
As my lips' trembled call Him Allahu Akbar....

imagination is a beautiful thing

2006-09-21T17:52:00.000+07:00

sometimes, we do not realize that in our daily life, something which we only dream, it always become true. This case, we have never think before that a dream or another word "imagination" can emerge brilliant ideas or concepts which these build someone's creativity in doing some different activities. From an imagination, people who are in the past time not known by the public, but now they become popular or great man in the world with their ideas in form of writings, pictures, symbols, codes etc which these forms are useful for many people. Imagination can make people get motivation to do positive things or inturn. It also can create so many good works that come in a situation and time that we have never planned.

As we know that one of the greatest man in literary field with his works in writings form like poems and plays. He is Shakespeare. He is an unknown country boy, poor and poorly educated according to the standards of his age, who arrives at the great city of london and goes to work at odd jobs in a theater. He has a marvelously imaginative and creative mind. He simply takes an old play or an old poem, makes it over quickly. This old familiar material glows with the deepest thoughts and the tenderest feelings that ennoble our humanity, and each new generation of men finds it more wonderful then the last. How did he do it? Thai is still an unanswered question and the source of our wonder. He lived in a play-loving age; he studied the crowds, gave them what they wanted, and simply reflected their own thoughts and feelings.

Of Shakespeare's eduacation we know little, his eduacation at the hands of nature, which came from keeping his heart as well as his eyes wide open, to the beauty of the world.

Shakespeare also has dreams, the unconscious poetry that sleeps in the heart of common people, appeal tremendously to Shakespeare's imagination and are reflected in his greatest plays. Shakespeare fulfilled their desire. He gave them their story, and his genius was great enought to show in every play not only their own life and passions but something of the meaning of all life, and of that eternal justice which uses the war of human passions for its own great ends.

Therefore, do not afraid to dream or to imagine everything for your success because dream or imagination is a successful which is delayed and signs of man's life.

indian muslim women cultures

2006-09-19T23:50:00.000+07:00

one day my friend sends me message, she said to me to help her to give her information about indian culture especially about muslim women in india which concern about the custom of indian muslim women in marriage, actually she needs it for her friend who works in one muslim magazine in Indonesia.Then i decide it try to help her ask some questions about these, i give some question to some of my friends who are my classmates in my colledge, They explain that there is some of cultures in india especially muslim people which is still exist even they are living in the middle hindu culture,there is nothing like strong hindu/muslim culture! all cultures in india survive simultaneously without affecting each other.This is the fact atleast for the current time. Everyone is allowed to practice whatever religion they wish to. India is open to all religious, thus, challenges are not much expected. According to islamic rules and norms, women have a very broad and liberal way to follow. it does not, in any way express women.

There are same limitations, but their limits everyone should have. As for comparison with hindu women, even they are very liberal, and exceptions all always there, so they too exist in all religions. In a marriage they do have the liberty to choose their husbands, Islam gives the permission to a woman to select a life partner. Family has an important part to play too. Marriage affair is a co-ordinative process, where the family and the girl should agree at a mutual discourse. When muslim families faced by domestic problem or conflicts generally solved by the family themselves, without any interference of the outsiders. as for the women, they have an equal right to say what ever they like to, in course of solving. just this, thatnobody should/misbehave. There many problems that can take place in the world that depends on the nature of the problem.

They have some process in wedding ceremony in India like putting henna on the bride's hands and feet. another function consists of applying turmerie paste on the bride(the boy's side may also do it). there functions do not carry a hand in fast rule to get applied. the important event is the 'nikah ceremony'. there the holy priest reads some verses and asks the bride and groom to say 'yes' if they agree to the marriage. they are asked seperately, but in presence of three witnesses. the bride and groom along with other important people sign the nikah 'papers'. thus, they are declared married after their process. after that, a reception takes place from the groom's side, where all the relatives and friends gather to bless the newly wed. About divorcing, indian muslim culture take place according to the islamic law. the couple might go the indian law, if they wish to. but islam does not except any other law in this case. there is no category of muslim women who may define 'love' in a different light. even they define 'love' their way others do. there's nothing different in their defining love.

Marhababan Ya Ramadhan

2006-09-18T20:45:00.000+07:00

Ahlan Wa sahlan,.......
welcome to my new blog all of my friends. How are u in English, Apa kabar in Indonesia, Kif haluk in arabic, Kam deu rige in manipure, kaise ho in hindi,sain uo in mongolia privet in russia, ni khao in mandarin, guten tag in german hehehehhe what else........ nice to see u again, oh ya Ramadhan day will be coming soon, i'm so happy friends, besides i feel so sad because this is for the second time i'm fasting in India far from my beloved family but dont worry friends i'm fasting with all my sweet friends here, we will iftar (buka puasa gitu lho!) and sahur together. Talking about ramadhan, i remember when i was in Medan with my family and my friends there, i'm missing them so much.you know that the Muslim culture in India does not allow the women to go to the mosques for praying because of the reason i can not go to the mosque for praying tarawih but i can do that in indonesian embassy infact my embassy is quiet far from my flat. furthermore, we have plan to face this ramadhan with doing tarawih together with my roommates. ok friends next time i will continue again because i fell so tired now.....

TAKABBALLAHU MINKUM MINNA WAMINKUM TAKABBAL YA KARIM

HAPPY FASTING MONTH TO ALL MUSLIM

My luv colledge and friends

2006-09-18T19:52:00.000+07:00

1...2...3....ciiiiiss! the two models (hmmm.....mmm) of Jamia Millia Islamia University especially faculty of english literature are posing in the real lawn, exactly behind our faculty department. there is me and my classmate yunita (see in the first picture), both of us are students who come from indonesia. actually now, there are six students from indonesia who study in JMI with different majors. they are my big brother A Fatih Syuhud who takes Doctoral (phd) with major islamic studies, Rahmanita who takes Doctoral (phd) with major mass communication, Lukmanul Hakim who takes post graduate with major psychology and Yusuf who takes post graduate with major political science. for further explanation about JMI just click link Jamia Millia Islamia.

The next picture is me with all my classmates when we are going to recreation in Haryana. that place is so nice, we can see the lake surrounded by the gardens. we are so happy together there. but the place reminds me to the same recreation place in Medan its name Tamora Indah where is not so far from my house.

2006-09-18T19:48:00.000+07:00

Smile

2006-09-18T17:59:00.000+07:00

There is something you must know about mystery of smile

Have you ever hear the song from Boyzone entitled "words" in there we can find the lyric which is said "smile and ever lasting smile a smile can bring you near to me"

from the contexts we can realize that how important smile for everyone in our life. when you give your smile to someone, it means you give happiness to someone. smile is very easy to do because you do not have spend your energy or your money just express your smile to everyone. but one thing you have to know that do not express your smile to much to everyone because someone will think that something wrong with your mind hehehehehe.......smile can make your life more longer, make your body healthy and freshen your mind after doing activities the whole day.

finally, referring to lyrical song by Ikke Nurjannah, the famous Indonesian dangdut singer saying that smile to everyone but keep your heart to the one whom you really love hmm...mmm