HSE Post

Laser Safety Basics

2023-09-28T17:44:00.005+05:00

Introduction

Lasers, which produce intense, focused beams of light, are used in numerous applications, including medical procedures, industrial processes, research, and entertainment. However, lasers can be hazardous if not used safely. Understanding laser safety basics is essential to prevent accidents and protect individuals from potential harm. Here are some fundamental principles of laser safety:

1.Laser Classification:

Lasers are classified based on their potential for harm. The classification system is divided into several classes, ranging from Class 1 (no hazard) to Class 4 (high hazard). Each class has specific safety requirements and precautions. It's crucial to know the class of the laser you are working with.

2.Safety Eyewear:

When working with lasers, especially high-powered ones, appropriate laser safety eyewear is essential. Laser safety glasses or goggles are designed to block the specific wavelength of the laser being used. Ensure that the eyewear matches the laser's wavelength and power level.

3. Controlled Areas:

Establish controlled areas where laser operations are conducted. Unauthorized personnel should be restricted from these areas. Post warning signs indicating laser use, and ensure only trained and authorized personnel enter.

4. Training and Education:

Anyone working with lasers should receive proper training in laser safety procedures and protocols. Training should cover the potential hazards, safety measures, and emergency response procedures.

5. Beam Path Control:

Keep the laser beam's path well-defined and controlled to prevent accidental exposure. Use beam stops, barriers, and interlocks to ensure the laser remains confined to its intended path.

6. Emergency Procedures:

Establish clear emergency procedures for laser-related incidents. This includes protocols for eye injuries, fires, and accidental laser beam exposure. Ensure that all personnel know how to respond to emergencies.

7. Interlocks and Safety Features:

Laser systems should be equipped with interlock systems that automatically shut off the laser if a safety breach occurs, such as an open enclosure or a malfunction. Regularly test these safety features.

8. Beam Termination:

Provide a safe method for terminating the laser beam when it is not in use. For example, use beam dumps or blocks to absorb the laser energy safely.

9. Avoid Direct Viewing:

Never look directly into a laser beam, even with protective eyewear, unless it's part of a controlled experiment with appropriate safety measures in place.

10. Ventilation:

Ensure proper ventilation in laser work areas, especially when using lasers that produce hazardous fumes or smoke.

11. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

In addition to laser safety eyewear, other PPE may be necessary depending on the specific laser application. This may include lab coats, gloves, and face shields.

12. Regular Maintenance:

Maintain laser systems according to manufacturer recommendations. This includes cleaning optical components, replacing worn parts, and calibrating safety features.

13. Beam Alignment:

When aligning laser beams, use low-power beams or diffuse beams to reduce the risk of accidental exposure. Make adjustments with the laser in a low-power mode.

14. Documentation:

Maintain detailed records of laser usage, safety procedures, incidents, and safety inspections. This documentation can be crucial for compliance and incident investigations.

15. Compliance with Regulations:

Ensure that your laser operation complies with local, state, and national regulations and standards related to laser safety.

Remember that laser safety is not only the responsibility of laser operators but also of employers, supervisors, and safety officers. A strong culture of safety and adherence to laser safety protocols can help prevent accidents and protect individuals from the potential dangers associated with lasers.

Radiation Safety Basics

2023-09-28T17:35:00.003+05:00

Since stone age energy in form of radiations are use to cure disease and other routine applications around the world. But the industrial revouluton and latter on medical science development open new windows of radiation application in many areas. Now a days radiation of different frequency ranged are used from kitchen for cooking to ripen food in stores and cure tumors in hospitals.

Radiation application increasing day by day and it revolutionlized the medical science by enabling sugent to treat patent by avoiding invasive procedures. But, beside all benefits radiation have a dark side where the living thing includeing human animals and plant can have devasting effects if the radiation exposure eceeds a certain limit. And these eposure limits can be maintain by adopting radiation safety principels and international agreed stamdards.

In this blog we will discussed basics of radation safety so that our read especially radiation safety professionals could have clear understanding of of radiation safety whch.

You can not see it
You can not feel it

From Where radiation Comes

Natural Or Background Radiation

The radiation originating from natural sources includes radio Isotopes or radioactive elements on or inside the earth. These sources are have

the background radiation are come from the cosmic rays these are orign in the space

Man-made Radiations

Man Made radiation are those artificially generated by linear accelerator or X-rays Gemertors

Radiation is a dinamic term used for to define the process through which energy radiate or travel in space or in matter. For eample the visible light radiation from sun radiate from Sun and trave to earth through space and matter (Atmsphere). There are two major types of radiations clasified according to their frequency (energy) and wavelegth. These radiations incldues;

1. Ionizing Radation

2. None Ionizing radiation

Ionzating raduation are through radiation whch can ionize atom on ts eposure to certain limt depaends on its threshold energy. For eample alpha rays having energy from

Nn ionizing radiation are those radiation which can not ioninze (ploarized atom or molecule) on its eposure it can change chmcal and phyocal propertes of the matter when expose to certain limit. For eample sun light (visible light) fall onto water surface can change physcal properties of water that includes water tempertaure and volume.

Non-Ionizing Radiation

None Inzing radiation are the radiation with freuency below than 1000 Hz these radiation are considered to be less harm n terms of cell damge at DNA level and use in many application include radio, TV mobile communicating, cooking and heating purposed. The non ionizing radiation inlcudes, Radio wave , Microwaves, Ultra vlout waves, vsible light.

Safet whle dealing with None Ionizing Radiations

Eyes protection is is mst improtant safety aspect while using none ionzing raditaon

Ionizing Radiation

Ionizating radiation are the radiation with higher frequency more then 30003 Hz these aradation are supposed to use wth care t avoid any adverse effect on the user or live in the vicinity. Ionizang radiation inlcudes, Alpha rays, Beta Rays , Gamma Rays

Safety Whle dealing with Ionizing Radiations

It is important to understand the principal of radiation effects/harmness on livng thing or more perticularly human cell - it damage cell DNA by ionizing water molecule in cell. And these damges increase with time and distance between source of radiation and and exposure time.
Therefore to deal with Ionization radation TDS prinicpal must be followed

ALARA Program for Radiation Safety

As lw as reasonalbili and activeabale and practicabel

Principles of lowering radiation exposure

Time, distance and shielding principal in radiation safety

Time is directly proportional to radiation eposure
distance between radiation source or emitter and receiver is inversely proportional to radiation exposure rate Shielding is inversely proportional to radiation exposure rate- Rays are the most danger for human being.
Organs at Risk in radiation safety

Eyes - retina
Gonads
Skin
Muscles
Brain
Heart
Bones

Industrial Application of Radiation

Industrial Radio Graphgy
NDT testing
Medical Applications of Radiation
Radiology
Oncology
Nuclear Medicine

Radiation measure device

LTDs Films
Dosimeters
SOls
Pocket dosimeters
Survey Meter

Why should not work in radiation application areas

Pregnant women
People with disabilities
Annual dose limit for radiation workers and common people
5 Gray

Storage and dispose of Radioactive material

Properly manage radioactive materials with measures like delay tanks in nuclear medicine departments, tagging disposal containers with dates, checking background radiation, and maintaining comprehensive documentation.

Understanding radiation safety is crucial in a world where radiation plays an ever-increasing role in our daily lives and various industries.

Emergency and Standby Power Generator Safety Inspection

2023-09-25T11:04:00.004+05:00

Emergency and stand buy power generator Safety regulations

NFPA 101 and 110 covers Power generator safety requirements and these codes are applicable for power generators with a capacity greater than 37 KVA. The scope of the codes is about installation, testing, and maintenance of emergency and standby power generators.

Diesel Generator Body Canopy Checks:

Weathering
Rain
Sunlight
Under shad
Ran Protection
Platform
Platform
Shock Absorbers

Battery Safety

Terminals Insulation
Nude Wires
battery Water level & Log

Heat Exchanges and smoke ejectors

Radiator Safety
Smoke Eectrs insulation
Ejector Head Capping
Smoke Testing

Earthing

Must be done tated and tested less than 1 Ohms.
Check monthly

Fuel Filling and testing, Fire
Fire Point and safety Signs

Fire Extinguishers
Fire Blanket
Sand Buckets
Spill Kit
Warning Signs
Generator Capacity Tags
Canopy Doors tags
Emergency Push Button Tags

Generator Operator PPEs

Electric Safety Gloves
Ear Protection Dead protection
Clothing
Shoes
Mask

Procedures, Manuals and Records

Routine Procedure
Emergency Procedures
Generator Trouble shooing Manual
Generator Service and Running log
Fuel and Maintenance Log

Generator Sounding , combustible material

Rubber mats
Rotating Parks
Fan or mechanical levers

For More Details on Power Generator read Generator Safety

Noise Level Calculation Tool

2023-09-24T18:09:00.003+05:00

The Noise Level Calculator is a web-based tool designed to help users determine the noise level in decibels (dB) based on input values of sound intensity and time. This tool is particularly useful for assessing and categorizing noise levels, with the added feature of indicating whether the calculated noise level falls into the "Noise" category, typically considered to be levels greater than 85 dB.

Features:

Input Fields:
- Sound Intensity: Users can input the sound intensity in watts per square meter (W/m²), which is a measure of the power per unit area of the sound wave.
- Time: Users can input the duration of the sound event in seconds.
Calculate Button:
- Upon clicking the "Calculate Noise Level" button, the tool performs the noise level calculation using the provided sound intensity and time.
Noise Level Calculation:
- The tool utilizes the formula for calculating noise levels in dB, based on the logarithmic relationship between sound intensity and reference intensity. It calculates the noise level and displays the result with two decimal places.
Noise Categorization:
- The tool not only provides the calculated noise level but also categorizes it. If the noise level is greater than 85 dB, it is categorized as "Noise." This categorization is helpful for users to quickly assess whether the noise level is potentially harmful.

How to Use:

Enter the sound intensity (W/m²) and time (seconds) values into the respective input fields.
Click the "Calculate Noise Level" button.
The tool will display the calculated noise level in dB.
The tool will also indicate whether the noise level is categorized as "Noise" if it exceeds 85 dB.

Use Cases:

Occupational Safety: Workers and safety inspectors can use this tool to assess noise levels in industrial environments to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
Environmental Monitoring: Environmentalists and researchers can measure and categorize noise levels in natural habitats to study their impact on wildlife.
Noise Pollution Control: City planners and officials can use this tool to evaluate noise levels in urban areas and implement noise control measures.

Note: This tool is a simplified example for educational and informational purposes. Real-world noise level calculations may involve additional factors and considerations, and professional equipment is typically used for accurate measurements in various settings.

For More information on Noise Safety Read Noise calculation and management at workplace to ensure Health and safety

Noise Level Calculator

Heat Related illnesses - Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion

2023-09-24T17:53:00.005+05:00

Heat-related illnesses are a group of conditions that can occur when the body overheats due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and humidity. Two common heat-related illnesses are heat stroke and heat exhaustion, both of which can be serious and require prompt medical attention. Here's an overview of each condition:

Heat Exhaustion:

Cause: Heat exhaustion typically occurs when a person is exposed to high temperatures and doesn't drink enough fluids to stay adequately hydrated. It can also be triggered by excessive physical activity in hot conditions.

Symptoms: Common symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, headache, cool and moist skin, and muscle cramps.

Treatment: If you suspect someone has heat exhaustion, move them to a cooler place, encourage them to drink cool water or sports drinks, and have them rest. You can also help them cool down by applying cool, wet cloths to their skin or using fans. If symptoms worsen or do not improve within 30 minutes, seek medical attention.

Heat Stroke:

Cause: Heat stroke is a more severe heat-related illness and occurs when the body's internal temperature regulation system fails. It can be life-threatening and often follows untreated heat exhaustion.

Symptoms: Symptoms of heat stroke include a high body temperature (usually above 103°F or 40°C), hot and dry skin (lack of sweating), rapid pulse, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, and sometimes unconsciousness.

Treatment: Heat stroke is a medical emergency. Call helpline EMS immediately if you suspect someone has heat stroke. While waiting for medical assistance, move the person to a cooler place, remove unnecessary clothing, and try to cool them down rapidly by using cold packs or wet cloths. Do not give them fluids to drink if they are unconscious.

Preventing heat-related illnesses is crucial, especially in hot and humid conditions. Here are some tips to avoid these conditions:

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water, even if you don't feel thirsty.
Avoid prolonged exposure to extreme heat, especially during the hottest parts of the day.
Wear lightweight and loose-fitting clothing.
Take regular breaks in the shade or a cool environment if you are working or exercising in the heat.
Use fans or air conditioning to cool indoor spaces.
Never leave children or pets in a parked vehicle, as temperatures inside a car can quickly become deadly.

By staying aware of the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and taking preventive measures, you can help protect yourself and others from these dangerous conditions.

Generator Safety

2022-10-26T16:15:00.005+05:00

Power generators are designed to supply electricity to your homes, offices, and facilities in case of power breakdown or interruption in electric power supply from city source. In some cases, the power generator works as the primary source of electric power where any city source is not available. In this article, we will discuss some very important aspects of power generator safety which must be considered during the selection of power generators, installation & connecting power generators, maintenance of power generators, and operation of the power generator.

Safety during the Selection of Power Generator

The selection of a power generator is one of the most important steps in our all safety of power generators because it led the foundation of the safety approach toward overall safety in the area for which the generator is being selected. Power generator selection must be based on the consumption of current electric energy and a 25% increase in future anticipation of energy consumption. If we select a power generator of 100KVA while our consumption is 50KVA it bigger than our requirement which results in the overconsumption of fuel and increases the cost of electric power generation. Similarly, if we select a power generator of 75KVA and our utilization of 50KVA it is the best fit for the supply of energy. Now the question is what is safety in the selection of a power generator? If we select the wrong power generator it can overburden or unburden the supply lines which can increase fire risk. Also, it is not healthy for electric appliances to supply them with high or low voltages.

Safety during Installation & Connecting Power Generator

Installation of a power generator is one of the important steps where we are required to compliance safety standards and regulations. To under these requirements, few questions can be raised;

Where to place the power generator?
What is Safe distance from the facility building?
Does it require a firm foundation/shock/vibration reducer?
Does it require an external fuel supply stank?
Does earthing need to connect the power generator?
Where to install electric DBs and changeover devices?
Does the generator need to be installed inside a purposeful generator room?
Do generator operator space is designed?
Is there enough space for maintained work?
Do Lighting is considered in design?
Do ventilation is considered in design?
Do storage space considered in the design?
Safety/warning signs considered in design?
Do the area around the power generator protected with anti-shock mats?
Do the appropriate type and the number of fire extinguishers placed nearby the power generator?
Does a carbon monoxide detector require?

If we considered all the above questions in space readiness, we will cover all risks associated with the institution and connection of the power generator. There are some standards that help us to get appropriate answers to the above question that includes IBC, NFPA E 10, or Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

Note: “Remember power generator must be 20 feet away from the building or ¼ of the building’s height”.

Once the power generator is installed and connected than commissioning and testing phase must be completed to check the compatibility of the generator with the supply lines, electrical installations, and electric appliances. Document all findings for future records and references and keep them in a safe place.

Note: “For maintenance 3-4 ft. space must be available around the power generator”.

Safety during Maintenance of Power Generator

Power generators require regular maintenance like other machines and safety is also important in it. During maintenance work, the power generator must be in testing mode and all inbound and outbound circuit breakers must be isolated. The tool used for maintenance must be as per the power generator manufacturer's recommendations. The area must be barricaded if maintenance is done during rush hours so that any unauthorized entry into the power generator area. Lastly, power generator maintenance information must communicate in advance to important offices so that any emergency can be managed in a timely manner. After maintenance, the area should be boxed up clean, and clear from all hazards and connected to all isolated breakers. Sign the maintenance report with all findings and recommendations if any.

Note: “Logout/tag devices should be used for isolation power generator”.

Safety during Operating a Power Generator

It is very common that most accidents happened during power generator operation/running time. There are multiple hazards associated with power generator operation that includes from both sides i.e operator/human error or mechanical failure. There must be written protocols for power generator operation and must be available to the operator. The protocols must full fill routine operations and emergency procedures required during power generator operation.

Few tips for operators need to consider during power generator operation;

Check the fuel level before starting the power generator?
Check the coolant level before starting the power generator?
Check battery terminals before starting the power generator?
Check if any interlock is on hold position and release?

Once all these checks are done to start the power generator and supply load to DBs – during operation check temperature and power generator behavior so that can be stopped if anything goes wrong.

Power generator Operator Safety

The person who operates the generator life is at high risk if safety is not considered. Here are a few tips which will help to ensure the safety of the power generator operator.

The power generator operator must be trained and certified – so that technical errors could be avoided.
A seating space must be provided near the emergency stop button so that operator could monitor the power generator during the operation
Person protective equipment includes gloves (working & high voltage), Ear Muff (if the noise level is more than 85 dB), safety goggles, safety helmet, dust mask, safety shoes (oil resistant), and protective clothing.
Is there a welfare facility for the operator
Train on firefighting using the fire extinguisher
The working hours define (maximum 8 hours)
Provide emergency communication facility
Active supervision of the operator ensures everything is in place and operates in a defined manner

If all the above points cover operator safety can be ensured and maintain operation without delays or safety noncompliances.

Conclusion

It is concluded that power generator safety is not a single-step job – it is composed of multiple stages and a holistic approach. Every aspect of power generator management is equally important therefore we must keep safety on high priority from the planning phase to the operation phase to ensure the safety of our power generator and associated people.

How to calculate occupancy load and egress capacity?

2022-10-25T20:10:00.004+05:00

Occupational health and safety have become top priority of many prestige organizations around the world because it is proven that an employee can perform more efficiently in a safe working environment designed on the principles of occupational health and safety principals.
Occupational health and safety leads us not only in normal or routine operations but also guides us on
how to deal with emergencies in multiple ways that include emergency planning, preparedness, and
response. Here we will learn two important parameters of occupational health and safety at the workplace which are the backbone of emergency planning with reference to NFPA 101 Life Safety Codes.

Occupancy load calculation
Egress Capacity calculation

Occupancy Load Calculation

It is a method to calculate the number of people occupied in a specific area or sittings in a specific time period. The calculated value can be greater than the maximum expected number of people in a given space. The calculation composed of a few steps needs to be stated with physical measurements of the space under discussion, then divide the total possible seating area by 15ft2. The result will be the total number of occupants possibly occupied in a given space. For example, if the total occupiable space is 100ft x 100ft the total area will be 1000ft2 to calculate a number of people in 1000ft2 below simple calculation will be done. Total Number of Person in 1000ft2 Area = 1000ft2/15ft2=67 Person.It means we can accommodate 67 persons in a 1000ft2 space as per NFPA 101 Life Safety Codes these figures can be used in emergency planning and other safety-related activities.

Egress capacity Calculation

Another important parameter in workplace safety is egress capacity calculation as it is very crucial to
design egress and exit door size. The calculation of egress capacity is varying from place to place, for
instance, it is very in three different ways. Firstly, the place is equipped with non-sprinkler healthcare
facilities the egress capacity factor is 0.5 inches per occupant. Second, for the occupancies with high
hazards and no sprinkler system, the egress capacity factor is 0.4 inches per occupant. Third, for all other occupancies, the egress capacity factor is 0.2 inches per occupant. Now we will understand
calculations with examples in all three occupancies one by one as under.
The calculation for health care facility which has no sprinkler system, here the egress capacity factor is 0.5 inches per occupant. For example, a hospital facility is composed of two floors (1 st floor & 2 nd Floor) having 2 exit doors on each floor having dimensions of a height of 7ft and a width is 5ft. These doors are connected with an internal stair having dimensions of a height of 9ft and a width of 7 ft. Now calculate the egress capacity for stairs opening on the ground floor, 1 st floor, and second floor. The maximum occupancy load in the hospital facility is 1500 people including all sectors.

Total occupancy load = 1500 People
Number of doors on ground floor = 01 Door dimension heigh = 9 ft Width = 7ft
Number of doors on 1 st floor = 02, Each door dimension heigh = 7 ft Width = 5ft
Number of doors on 2 nd floor = 02 Each door dimension heigh = 7 ft Width = 5ft

Now calculating egress capacity use egress capacity factor 05 inches per person = 0.042 ft/person
Egress capacity for the ground floor = 1500x0.042 = 63 ft while the door size at the ground floor stairs opening is 5ft which is not compliant with the standard.
Egress capacity for 1 st floor = 750x0.042 = 31.5 ft while the door size at 1 st floor doors opening is 10 ft which is not compliant with the standard.
Egress capacity for 2 nd floor = 750x0.042 = 3.15 ft while the door size at 1 st floor doors opening is 10ft which is not compliant with the standard.
Now another consideration that needs to consider here is the number of exit doors versus occupants
load with compliance of emergency exit door requirements below are the minimum number of
emergency exits.

Number of emergency exit doors 1- 500 = 2
Number of emergency exit doors 501 - 1000 = 3
Number of emergency exit doors More than 1000 = 3

Also, with compliance of the above two requirements, the third requirement is the compliance of below travel distances to the exit door from the furthest point in the occupancy as under;

100 ft without sprinklered
200 ft without sprinklered

We can do the same calculation from egress capacity with occupancy with high hazards and all other
occupancies with factors 0.4 and 0.2 respectively as per NFPA 101.
There are also other standards especially International Building Codes (IBC). OSHAS and Authority having jurisdiction tell us more specific requirements.

Conclusion

It is concluded that occupancy load and egress capacity calculation are two very important parameters to plan occupational health and safety at the workplace to provide a safe working environment and emergency response plan. Both parameters are interlinked and equally important, this article gives you a brief idea about both parameters you can further explore the details of occupancy load and egress capacity calculation in NFPA 101 life safety codes and in international building codes chapter 7.

Glass Safety

2022-10-24T20:55:00.024+05:00

Does Lamination paper protect glass from shattering during an earthquake, wind storm, or burglary activity?

Glass panels are considered an essential part of building used for dwelling, commercial or public for

multiple reasons since ancient times. In modern buildings, glass has been used for the entire wall to enhance internal as well as external ambiance or beautification. But everything bears some cost or drawbacks in terms of safety and human suffering. For example, glass can be the worst hazard in case of earthquake or storm due to its fragile nature. It can shatter and small pieces can become harmful projectiles and harm people in the surrounding.

To overcome this challenge, we have multiple solutions under the domain of glass safety including;

Glass Lamination
Safety Glass
Glass Glazing
Tempered Glass

Laws and regulation support glass safety

There are many regulations and standards which govern glass safety in commercial and residential

facilities. A few of them are outlined as under;

International Building Codes
NFPA Life Saving code 101
British Standards
OSHAS standards

According to international building codes, all glass panels that are infested into fixtures and furniture where the size is 2 square feet must be provided glass safety either by utilizing tempered glass or applying glass lamination. NFPA 101 is live saving code that tells us about everything in a facility that can be hazardous to life if safety is not considered. For instance, if glass safety is not done and an earthquake hit the facility the broken pieces can cause harm or injury to the occupants of that facility. In the same way, other standards also give us some very useful information that emphasizes glass safety.

Glass Lamination

Now, we will discuss the options we have for glass safety as listed above from 1 to 4 including glass

lamination, safety glass, glass glazing, and tempered glass. The best and long-term solution for glass

safety with tempered glass or safety glass with three layers (the mid-layer work as lamination). But both options are costly. It is good for the ones who have no budget constraints and wants the best output for the long term.

We have a second option which is a low-cost solution for glass safety which is glass lamination or glazing or pasting of glass paper on glass. There are several glass papers in the market with different thicknesses or microns but the best glass paper for glass safety is 3M paper which has durability and strength to protect glass from any abrupt hit or collision.

The glass papers come in different designs you can choose according to your desire for building

aesthetics which can benefit in many ways including safety cost saving in terms of glass cost and

beautification and protection from security intrusions sometimes.

Paper glass life span is varied from material to material few materials can sustain for more than 5 years

but few wear out within one year. But we have several techniques which improve the life of glass paper

firstly if we apply the glass paper from inside of the glass and prevent direct exposure to weathering the life of paper lamination increased. The second technique is proper cutting and fixing of lamination paper by the fixer also helps lamination paper to complete its useful life.

Now let's discussed some important specifications regarding glass lamination stated in different standards the specification as described in detail as under.

The lamination on the glass used in the door is 5ft to 1ft from the ground so that the unintentional collision at feet level can damage the glass and lamination can secure it by providing extra strength and stiffness. While the window is between 3ft from the floor which will be considered for accident exposure to the glass panel.

But here it is important to share that any part of glass panel lamination means to laminate the whole glass panel otherwise it becomes meaning less of laminate glass panel patches.

Another, aspect of glass safety is the labeling of safety marking or signages on the glass panels which are very exposed to staff or the public. For example, if a meeting room has glass walls there must be a safety sign of “Glass Wall or Don’t lean” similarly glass doors must be labeled with the “Glass Door” Safety Sign.

Conclusion

It is concluded that glass safety is one of the most important topics when we talk about workplace safety or a safe working environment, especially in facilities where abundant glass is being used for walls, doors, and windows. We can use multiple options to ensure glass safety which range from costly to cheap solutions.

Risk Assessment Types

2022-09-17T20:00:00.010+05:00

Risk assessment is the care full examination of anything, process, or behavior to evaluate the likelihood of any mishap and consequences as a result of the mishap. Risk assessment is always done for the forecastable risk with a deterministic approach to finding probabilistic results.

Risk assessment is always conducted by an experienced and responsible person by involving all stakeholders of the entity assessed. So, that its out should be based on common, industrial, and expert knowledge.

Risk assessment is a legislative requirement in some countries where Occupational health and safety low exist. For example, according to Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999), risk assessment is a legislative requirement in the UK, and employers are bound to arrange risk assessment on regular basis. Further risk assessment also helps an employer to align their direction to achieve their occupational health and safety goals and avoid any undue incident/accident. Through this article, we will explain what are the different types of risk assessment practices in different industries with examples, so that occupational health and safety professionals can understand different types of risk assessment and apply the relevant ones to assess their workplace.

There are five types of risk assessment as under;

Quantitative risk assessment
Qualitative Risk Assessment
Generic Risk Assessment
Site Specific Risk Assessment
Dynamic Risk Assessment

Now we will explain each type of risk assessment one by one with help of facts, figures, and examples.

Quantitative Risk Assessment

Quantitative risk assessment is the type of risk assessment, where the assessor assigned numeric to calculate the overall impact of mishaps associated with hazard, activity, or behavior. For example, when we do a risk assessment of power generator noise hazards. We have different scales to define safe and unsafe levels and this level can be verified by using a sonometer (Noise measuring device). Here we can assign numbers for three different likelihood and consequence i.e 1 for unlikely; 2 for likely; and 3 for Certain, similarly for consequences 1 for Minor; 2 for Moderate; 3 for Major.

For instance, where the noise level is less than 85 dB the Likelihood is unlikely = 1 & Consequences are minor = 1

For instance, where the noise level is greater than 85 dB but the operator wears an ear muff (PPE for noise control at the receiver) the Likelihood is likely = 2 & Consequences are Moderate = 2

For instance, where the noise level is more than 85 dB and the operator does not have an ear muff (PPE for noise control at the receiver) the Likelihood is certain = 1 & Consequences are major = 1

These assigned values can be used to calculate the risk impact of noise hazards associated with a power generator.

Qualitative Risk Assessment

Qualitative risk assessment is a type of risk assessment where the assessor defines the level of likelihood and consequences based on the fulfillment of defined procedures, guidelines, or safety systems or work. For example, for risk assessment of emergency response plan preparedness, the assessor needs to take decisions based on his institution, experience, and expertise.

For instant if the emergency response plan is in place, well oriented, suitable, and sufficient then the likelihood of any failure is unlikely and the consequence minor. The total impact or estimated risk will be Low.

For instant, if the emergency response plan is in place, suitable and sufficient but not well oriented, then the likelihood of any failure is likely and consequence moderate. The total impact or estimated risk will be Medium.

For instant, if the emergency response plan is in place, well oriented, but not suitable and sufficient then the likelihood of any failure is certain, and the consequence is major. The total impact or estimated risk will be high.

Generic Risk Assessment

Generic risk assessment is a type of risk assessment where a macro scope of activities, location, or material is involved. In other words generic risk assessment is done in the first place to ascertain the site pacific risk assessment where required. It can be numeric-based or assumption based. For example, risk assessment of a warehouse where different location is assessed range from the storage area, transportation, load handing, staff welfare, ergonomics, emergency preparedness, and so on.

Site Specific Risk Assessment

Site-specific risk assessment is an in-depth risk assessment where the assessor examines the risk of any activity or material in different situations undergone. For example, risk assessment of power tools can be different in different situations. The hazards associated with power tools can vary in a normal work shop and in a confined space. In site-specific risk assessment, environmental impact on a specific tool is considered. The risk assessment can be numeric or assumption based.

Dynamic Risk Assessment

The dynamic risk assessment is a type of risk assessment where the assessor performed a need-based risk assessment. For example, a construction site has received multiple piles of raw material site, and the safety aspect of their staking and storage is required a dynamic risk assessment is done. Because, there is no time for formal risk assessment and the raw material is going to consume, and maybe the situation change in a while. Mostly, these types of risk assessments are done by site-specific staff also but the assessor must be competent to take decisions.

Consequences of the wrong choice of Risk assessment type

Below are the possible outcomes of the wrong selection of risk assessment type for assessing your target;

The risk assessment can be not suitable and insufficient
Certain Risks associated with the object/activity assessment are unattained and not catered
False decisions based on the risk assessment can result in unwanted consequences
Waste of effort, time, and finance
Failed to stop incidents/accidents

Conclusion

It is sum-up that risk assessment is an important tool to identify risks and mitigate them in time but the selection of risk type appropriate for the assessment of an object or activity is equally important to identify all forecastable risks and recommend controls.

How to wite Health and Safety Training Report

2022-08-09T16:07:00.004+05:00

This article contains a detailed sample report of HSE Training report. You can download the pdf format details report by clicking the below link or contact for the editable report.

Personal Protective Equipment

Click here for complete report ----> Training Report

Executive Summary

The purpose of this Training Report is to assess the effectiveness of the training events carried out for senior managers and focal points on “HEALTH & SAFETY USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AT WORKPLACE”. The report provides an integrated perspective on the training efforts including the Pre & Post-training assessments, training content, role plays and involvement of participants. The training content is designed according to the needs of participants and keeps all important information in English and Urdu to make it easily understandable for participants. As per defined objectives and frame given by the Tearfund team the content outline is prepared and more emphasis is kept on effective utilization of personal protective equipment at the workplace.

Overall, this training was well received by participants which can be gauged form participants pre and post assessments and training feedback. It is observed/analyzed that the learning of participants is increased by 40% in the post training assessment which ultimately evident the effectiveness of the training.

It is important to highlight that the two-way communication approach for the training enables participants to share their experience and knowledge, which results in a healthy learning environment. Where participants participated very actively in Q&A(s) role plays.

The area of improvement for future training is designing of training and trainer feedback form to cater to the low literate group, because the participants face difficulty to respond in conventional feedback forms.

Training Objectives

The objectives of this training are as under.

To sensitize the frontline workers of the solid waste management department for the adverse impact on the health and safety by working without using personal protective equipment.
To aware and promote personal hygiene practices at the workplace and home using personal protective equipment.
Identify the uses and requirements of personal protective equipment (PPE)

Participants Profile

The training participants included staff members of Tear Fund, HANGZHOU Company Supervisor and SSWMB representatives. Total number of participants was (Males 45; Females: 08) who belonged to the Tear Fund and HANGHZU (see Annex V for list of participants).

Training Proceedings

The training began with recitations of the Holy Quran. It was formally initiated by Rizwan Jaleel – Senior Stakeholders & Community Engagement Officer who shared the objectives of training. Mr. Rizwan Jaleel warmly welcomed the participants, thanked them for sparing time to attend these sessions, delivered the welcome note and invited Mr. Safdar Khan - Trainer to deliver the Session. Moving on the trainer welcomed participants and session ice breaking note “Jan Hai Tou Jahan Hai”. Take a short introduction of participants that includes name, their job role and expectation from training. The follow up activity is pre-training assessment which has been conducted with help of Tearfund staff and completed in fifteen minutes.

Section A: Solid Waste Management’s Risks

Comprehensive discussion has been done with participants to elaborate different risks associated with solid waste management. Involve participants to share their experiences and share good practices. Risk areas such as Solid waste segregation counters conveyors, transport, glass waste, chemical and toxic waste etc. are discussed in detail. The session has been concluded with a discussion on the consequences of solid waste management risks and how it can affect the worker if safety controls are not in place along with appropriate PPEs.

Section B: Personal Protective Equipment

The section starts with a briefing on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that includes the definition & the importance of PPEs during the handling of solid waste. PPEs can be equipment, clothing, or gear used to protect from physical and chemical hazards when on a worksite. It is used to protect employees when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible to reduce the risks to acceptable levels.

Videos have been shown on each important PPE that includes Safety goggles, Safety Mask, Safety Shoes, a Reflecting Jackets, Safety clothing, and earmuffs. The practical demonstration has been given to participants on how to use above mentioned PPEs during solid waste management.

Section C: Manual Handling

The section has started with opening questions form participants such as, how to carry load? What should be body posture during lift, lower tasks? Correct body posture during manual handling is demonstrated to make the participants understand. Wrong posture has shown in presentation and further explanation has been done by using a chart and pen.

Section D: Health and Hygiene

In this section an overview of Health and Hygiene was given to participants and details of why personal hygiene is important and how it is maintained were discussed. The participants were oriented on the five important elements of personal hygiene That includes 1. Washing hands 2. Cleaning teeth, 3. Trim Nails, 4. Take Bath, 5. Clean clothing. Moreover, the challenges of health and hygiene were also discussed, and suggestions were made to overcome the challenges. The section has been closed on the hand washing steps and discussed the handout given to participants.

Section E: First Aid

This section was focused on the Basic First Aid skill which are required by the participants and detailed briefing was given on how First Aid administers. Also discussed what are the do’s and don’ts of during First Aid. Participants are brief on four main First Aid topics that includes, chain of survival behaviors, how to control bleeding, Eyes related First Aid and First Aid for burn emergencies.

Recap

The whole training content is summarized by cross questioning the participants and re-emphasis on the training objectives. The participants have given time to reflect on the training where participants and their supervisors share their viewpoint on training and learnings.

Hands – On Activities

PPES Selection, Use and Inspection

A Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is gear designed to reduce employee exposure to physical, chemical and biological hazard during work. It protect employees when engineering and administrative controls are attainable to reduce the risks to acceptable levels. The participants are oriented with all mandatory PPEs for solid waste management and select few participants to select their PPEs from display. Discussed the PPEs selected by participants and shared areas of improvement. Two role plays are exercise 1.) Solid waste management supervisor PPEs selection and discussion 2.) COVID – 19 Waste management worker role pay by selecting required PPEs and subsequent discussion.

Basic First Aid How to stop Bleeding and victim evacuation

Two scenarios have been demonstrated in this section to educate participants how to response in actual emergency. First Scenarios, the participants are oriented how to apply bandages to control bleeding through role play where participants himself-act as victim and first aider. In the second scenario the participants were oriented on how to evacuate a victim with human hand stretcher. In this role play one participant acts as victim and four participants act as responders. The victim evacuation activity has been carried out successfully.

Training Participants Learning Assessment

Participants are given workshop evaluation forms and trainer’s evaluation forms to share their feedback at end of the training. In addition, a post-training assessment test was also conducted to help gauge the perceived change in knowledge by the participants at the end of the training.

Post Training Assessment Result

In the pre-test, the participants' answers in “yes” or “No” were examined for 5 questions related to training. The participant’s response is presented in the graph. 100% of participants responded that they understood the answer if all five questions.

Pre- Training Assessment Result

In the pre-test, the participants' answers in “yes” or “No” were examined for 5 questions related to training. The participant’s response is presented in the graph. On Average 60% of participants are aware of the assessment question while 40% answer in No.

Training & Trainer Evaluation

With regards to training, participants shared that training was very helpful and the content, role plays, and exercises used in training helped them understand the topic and its significance. Participants found the training material to be very helpful and shared that those presentations were very easy to understand because simple and easy terminologies were used in the material. Other factors such as time division and topics covered in during the training were well-received by the participants

The general feedback of participants about the trainer was very positive as majority of the participants strongly agreed and were appreciative of the trainer's level of knowledge, style and presentation, preparation and research about the topics and the efficient use of training material. While sharing their opinion, participants said that all the sessions were informative and relevant to their area of interest; some participants also shared suggestions to improve such as conduction of such training more frequently, and schedule must be flexible.

Certificate Distribution & Closing

Closing ceremony of the training was led by Mr. Syed Junaid Bashir (Stakeholder Engagement Coordinator), the ceremony was initiated with a note of thanks, and he addressed the participants and asked about their learning experience and distributed training certificates. He thanked the participants for their active participation in the training. He also congratulated them on successful completion of this training course and hoped that the knowledge gained would help the implementing partners in effective and efficient implementation of the activities.

Leeson Learns

More interactive sessions and practical exercises were ensured by the trainers, which helped participants underrate the training contents.

As the Assessment and training feedback activity, took more time than allocated. If next time such activity will be planned for participants with low/not literacy, different methodology should be adopted.

Fire Emergency Evacuation Drill Plan

2021-07-13T23:18:00.022+05:00

Introduction
Objective
Timeline
Communication
Preparedness communication
Fire emergency drill execution
Role and responsibilities
Roll Call /Participants Attendance
Floor Monitors Training & Orientation
SoPs for evacuation drill participants
Fire Evacuation Drill Flowchart (Procedure)
Building Evacuation plan
Fire/Emergency Evacuation Drill Log
Fire emergency evacuation drill preparedness checklist

Introduction

Fire evacuation drills are developed for the rapid response of skills for building occupants and staff at risk. Drills provide the knowledge to understand building features, exits, safe heavens, emergency contacts, procedures, risks, and protocols.

As, THRESHOLD CONCEPT office at has been recently established and occupants are not oriented with the building exits and routes

Objective

Fire Emergency Evacuation Plan/Map & Routes
To ensure fire emergency response preparedness
To estimate evacuation time for THRESHOLD CONCEPT staff at ABC building
Testing of Emergency response plan
Compliance of HSE annual activity plan

Timeline

Target Location	3rd Floor & 4th Floor	Anticipated Evacuation Time	10 Minutes
Drill Date	July 16,	Roll Call at Assembly Point	05 Minutes
Evacuation Starts Siren	13:00	Return to office	10 Minutes
Building Clearance Announcement	13:15	Slack Time	05 Minutes

Communication

Fire emergency drills step by step communication follow.

Preparedness communication

STEP # 1 E-mail request to management to get approval and advice on fire emergency drill

STEP # 2 E-mail communication with all stockholders (ABC, FM Security and Management) for the timeline and their respective role and responsibilities

STEP # 3 E-mail communication with Floor monitors – share drill timeline and preparedness status

STEP # 4 Meeting among all stakeholders (HSE, FM, ABC, Security) to review fire emergency drill

STEP # 5 E-mail communication to all staff to share fire emergency drill timeline and participation SoPs

Fire emergency drill execution

STEP # 1 Activate fire alarm to kick off fire emergency evacuation on respective floor

STEP # 2 Broadcast Mock Drill Message on PAS till drill completion

STEP # 3 Use megaphone outside building to communicate with evacuees

STEP # 4 Verbal communication with groups by Floor monitors (Wearing Yellow Reflectors)

STEP # 5 Roll call and building clearance announcement at assembly point

Role and responsibilities

Below are the roles and responsibilities pertaining to dill

Department/Unit	Role & Responsibilities	Lead By
HSE Team	Communication and coordination with all stakeholders regarding emergency evacuation drill E-mail correspondence and subsequent approval from ABC & THRESHOLD CONCEPT management Conduct post drill training for floor monitors and meeting with FM & ABC team Prepare/ready assembly point Lead drill and subsequent report	HSE Manager
Floor Monitors	Guide the staff of your area and their visitors to remain calm and to evacuate from the allocated stairs, and to assemble at the assembly area designated for floor / Zone. Once the area is evacuated and provided if it is safe and possible, check the area and the washrooms if any member of the staff or visitor is left behind. Evacuate the building and go to the defined assembly Area. At the Assembly Area take the roll call of the staff of your area / zone. If someone is missing, ask other members of the staff if anyone is aware of his/her whereabouts. If the Whereabouts could not be traced, communicate it immediately to the HSE / Evacuation Leader Rescue Team to search for him / her Maintain contact with the Safety / Evacuation Leader, so that you can advise your fellow staff members accordingly. You should only advise the staff member to disperse from the Assembly Area or re-enter the building after receiving the clearance from the Safety / Evacuation Leader.	HSE Manager
FM Team	Pre – drill emergency exit doors and route inspection and clearance obstacles/hazards if any in coordination with HSE team Liaison with Team to manage assembly point Assists evacuation leader/building HSE lead in executing evacuation drill Arrange post drill box up activity	Facility Manager
ABC Team	Communication and coordination with HSE team regarding evacuation drill planning and execution Communication and coordination with ABC staff regarding SoPs of evacuation drill	Manager
Security Team	Manage Parking and keep assembly point clear Access control (Exit and entry points) Assembly area security	Facility Security Officer
Support Team	Assists HSE and FM team to arrange logistics Cleaning/clearance of Assembly point Box up the assembly area and routes after evacuation drill	Facility Maintenance Supervisor

Roll Call /Participants Attendance

Personnel should assemble at a predetermined assembly point.

Roll call will be started with completion of evacuation to ensure all staff evacuated safely and no one left behind in danger
Floor monitors will take roll call of their respective designated area staff and submit the attendance to drill lead (HSE Rep)
If any missing report is given by floor monitors the search and rescue operation will be activated (Sample will be presented)

Floor Monitors Training & Orientation

Floor monitors training and orientation SoPs;

Floor monitors must be physically fit to participate in training/orientation and drill
Floor monitors must be gone through HSE induction and emergency drill simulation
Floor monitors must be familiar with emergency drill procedure, access, routes and exit door
Floor monitors must be familiar with hazards and associated risk, probably encounter during fire emergency drill
Floor monitors must be capable of using fire extinguisher to respond any fire incident at its initial stage
Floor monitors must be capable of proving basic first aid as/when required

SoPs for evacuation drill participants

Below are the SoPs for fire evacuation drills.

Participants will leave their workstations/offices immediately after hearing fire siren and move toward nearest emergency exit door – Floor monitors will direct staff in their respective locations
Participants must follow instruction given by their respective floor monitor
Don’t use lift/elevator during fire emergency drill
Never push or pull each other’s during walking towards assembly point
Be careful and cautious while walking on emergency exit stairs
Follow three-point touch method while walking down emergency exit stairs
Don’t wait for your friend/colleague on emergency exit stairs your own safety must be your priority
Don’t use mobile phone while walking downstairs
Follow direction/indicators (Safety signs) towards assembly point
Be cam at assembly point and listen your name and respond on roll call
Follow COVID -19 Safety SoPs during evacuation and at assembly point

Fire Evacuation Drill Follow Chart (Procedure)

Building Evacuation Plan

Fire/Emergency Evacuation Drill Log

Drill Manager Name:		Drill Ref. No:
Date & Time:		Floor:

Department Name	Total Occupancy	No. of Participants	Evacuation Time	Floor Monitor Name

Drill Supervisor Remarks:

Name & Signature of Building HSE Rep.

Fire emergency evacuation drill preparedness checklist

S. NO	Activity	STATUS
1	Fire Emergency Map and routes are defined and installed on common routes and prominent locations	☒
2	Emergency response plan is prepared and review	☒
3	Training of Floor Monitors is conducted and orient emergency evacuation routes	☒
4	Communication of Drill method is defined and tested	☒
5	Fire Emergency Drill Report submission to management	☒

Microwave Oven Safety

2021-06-27T13:30:00.009+05:00

Introduction

As the world is progressing with scientific inventions our routine life appliances transformed into more compact and smart devices or machines. In the stone age to create a fire spark man utilized a lot of effort with refined techniques but still it was a chance game. Now we have electrical/mechanical and chemical ignition systems which ignite fire within no second.

Today our homes are filled with machines/ gadgets /robots and we are enjoying our life with comfort and peace. But besides the countless advantages of this machine and information era, we must keep ourselves reminded that safety must be our highest priority because as we develop with machines the risk of abrupt devastation is increased. An accident can result in any non reversible loss or damage if we ignore or compromise on safety that includes use of a safe machine/appliances, follow safe and good practices and work in safe condition.

According to research conducted by internal journals every year thousands home fire cases are recorded around the world where the root cause of fire is miss use of Microwave Oven and Oven.

Further, it is also an amazing fact that most people do not know the type of appliance they use in their home, unable to differentiate microwave, oven and microwave oven. Lack of knowledge leads to wrong step which cause fire incident.

So as mentioned above, lack of knowledge about the appliance in use leads to incident or accident therefore here we firstly discussed the difference among microwave, oven and microwave oven.

Microwave

Microwave oven is a machine where the source of heat is a micro-tron which emits microwaves of high emergency into the microwave chamber where we keep food for heating. The Microwaves penetrate into food heat the water molecules in food which result in food heating.

Oven

Oven as it old English word is “ofen” is meant to heat radiating object - in oven electric or gas heating rode are installed which heat-up food or some time use to cook or bake food e.g grill chicken or bake cookies.

Microwave Oven

It is a combo of both microwave and oven where micro-tron and heater rods are installed and it performs multi jobs including cooking/baking and heating of food.

Operating conditions

it is important to understand and adopt best operating condition along with right choice of appliances, microwave oven have three different modes or operating conditions;

Micro-mode use only t heat food or boil water - in micro-mode metallic utensils should not used to prevent any electric shock spark

Convention mode is made for heating of food and water also use fr defrost food - in convection mode plastic utensils should not use

Baking/Grill mode is design to bake or cook food - customize grill pan or rods are available with Microwave oven

Now it's time to discussed the good practices regarding usage of microwave, oven and microwave oven the dos and don't are given below;

Dos for Microwave/Oven/Microwave Oven Users

Always microwave safe glass utensils in all mode
Clean the oven before and after use
Always select correct timer for heating/baking food
Cover food while heating in Microwave Oven
Always seek professional or Oven/Microwave approved technician for maintenance and repairing job
Read user guidelines before on buying new Microwave Oven
Keep Microwave oven away from children

Don't for Microwave/Oven/Microwave Oven Users

Never cut power cord to use local adapter
Never use extension board to operate the microwave oven
Never use aluminium foil in micro-mode
Don't use metal utensils micro-mode
Don't use plastic utensils in grill and convection mode
Don't cover top of micro-oven with cloth or vinyl sheet/polythene
Don't put anything on top of oven
Don''t heat/cook food having hard shells
Don't heat bottles with closed led
Don't use sealed containers
Don't installed oven/microwave oven near water tab/sink splash water leads to electric shock
Don't boil eggs may be exploded

Microwave/Oven/Microwave Oven Safety Inspection

Below are few areas need to considered while doing Microwave/Oven/Microwave Oven Safety Inspection;
Power plug and cord health testing by physical check, ensure no burn or tear observe if do so replace it immediately
Heating chamber rotating plate/rode inspection
Timer inspection/check - test for 30 second count down
Microwave/Oven/Microwave Oven Safety Inspection outer body cover inspection to ensure no damage rusting on outer surface
General cleaning of chamber and exterior
Inspect Microwave/Oven/Microwave Oven Safety Inspection surrounding that includes water splash/any fire hazard and remove if any

High Raised Building Construction Site HSE Inspection Report

2021-05-30T23:38:00.006+05:00

High Rise Building 35 Floors

Introduction:

The assessment was carried out at the Construction Site of a high-rise building on 1st of Jan 2021 to evaluate the health and safety issues at the site. The employer has a large size of employees with a range of 1000-1500 including admin staff, engineers, contractors, subcontractors, drivers, labor, and other workers.

The main objective of the inspection is to identify hazards and their control by compliance with international standards, such as ILO.

The major work being carried out includes,

Scaffolding erections and working at height
Mechanical Lifting using mobile cranes and forklifts of various capacity
Excavation
Concrete filling
Offloading of construction material
Woodwork

Different types of equipment and tools are used to perform the above-mentioned activities. The heavy machinery and vehicles such as concrete Boom Placer, Tower crane and Power Generator.

Executive Summary:

The report contains five major hazards which can harm people, property, and the environment.

Unsafe Scaffold / Work at height

It is found that there is a very high risk of fall from height and work is carried out on an unsafe scaffold. It must be controlled by developing a safe system of work, training, supervision, and provision of PPEs.

Confined Space

The basements are poorly ventilated with insufficient lighting and the access and outlets are blocked. Such hazards must be eliminated.

Mechanical Lifting

The risk of accident due to mechanical lifting equipment such as crane and boom placer must be reduced to an acceptable level. By providing training, supervision, inspection, and up-to-date checks, and 3rd party certification.

Housekeeping

Inadequate cleaning and improper waste management at the workplace can be the cause of injury and fatality. It must be addressed.

Fire Hazard

Missing Fire Emergency rescue plan, inadequate training, and lack of prevention and firefighting equipment for combating fire-related hazards need utmost attention from senior management.

The highlighted control measure and developments will benefit the organization in multiple aspects. The instant result of these measurements will be a drastic reduction in accidents which will leave deep impacts on cost reduction, employee turnover, and lowering legal penalties. However, failing to implement recommended control measures may result in major or severe accidents, business losses, and violation of legislation, ill-health, and safety effects at the workplace.

Main Findings of the Inspection

Fall from height / Unsafe Scaffold

A serious action need for the competency of employees on the safe working practices related to working at height. Workers must be educated about using a safe system of work i.e. PTW. Recruitment and selection of competent and responsible employees for scaffold erection, inspection, and supervision must be addressed. Provision of PPEs and scaffold equipment with toe board and secure guardrail must be done.

The above measures enable the management to fulfill the responsibilities that rest with the employer as per the below regulations;

Article 19 of C155, R164
Article 16 of C155
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

The estimated cost of the above measures is approximately Rs.200, 000/-

Confined Space

It is observed that the deep opening of underground tanks is bare and can cause serious injuries and fatality. Insufficient light and poor ventilation make this hazard more severe. It can be eliminated by the installation of barriers (railing or cover) on the openings, installing the lighting and ventilation system.

By taking mentioned control organization to comply with roles and standards;

Article 16 of C155
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997.
HSG150 ‘Health and safety in construction

The estimated cost of the above measures is approximately Rs.300, 000/-

Mechanical Lifting Hazard

It found that the heavy machines such as crane, loader truck, and fork lifer are not certified by 3rd parties and their operators are also not certified. Lack of supervision was also observed while critical heavy lifting operations. Loads were being stacked in unsafe techniques and the possibility of collision with other objects, equipment/vehicles, and workers. There is a lack of coordination between contractors and subcontractors for the completion of a task which results in promoting hazardous working culture. These conditions may result in extreme human and economic loss. Therefore it is recommended to immediately start the third party inspection for all vehicles and mechanical lifting equipment. The operators must be trained and certified and also provide them with competent supervision. Use of visual and audible signs and segregation and distribution of workspace for workers and lifting operations must also be addressed.

By fulfilling the above recommendations, the organization can comply with the following.

Article 16 of C155 expands in article 10 R 164
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 HASAWA.
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER)

The estimated cost of implementing the above recommendations is approximately

Rs.150, 000/-

Housekeeping

The housekeeping of the site is not acceptable as it is significantly increasing the risk of injury and ill-health in the workplace. There are numerous issues including the hazards like slip trips, lack of properly marked walkways for workers and visitors. Construction materials are stacked and stores in an unsafe manner which makes the site more hazardous. It is also found that there is no safe waste management procedure followed at sites that causes ill-health injuries and passage blockage.

Designated storage places must be used for storage for stocking of construction material waste segregation and waste management plans must be developed.

Failure of fulfillment results in violation of following employer’s obligation

A safe workplace is free of health and safety risks as per R164.
HASAWA Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

These recommendations must be acted upon immediately. These recommendations mainly consume the time, effort, and involvement of the management and may require a nominal budget of approximately Rs.50, 000/-

Fire Hazards

There is no Fire Emergency and Rescue plan found at the site. On inspection of firefighting material found to be inadequate. The employees are unaware of the basic procedures of firefighting. Training and development of fire safety programs for workers. Installation of fire points to overcome the shortage of fire fighting material. The management must work on these issues on an urgent basis and develop an extensive program for awareness and promotion of safety culture at work.

This is a possible breach of requirements to provide training and ensure that employees cooperate with the employer’s arrangements for safety, as stated in

Article 16 of C155 expands in article 10 R 164 (training, supervision, instruction)
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

The estimated cost for providing fire fighting equipment, and Fire safety training to workers is approximately Rs.150, 000/-

Conclusion

There are some positive aspects that are observed during the inspection. The management and workforce found very cooperative in providing the information asked during the inspection. Also, some good practices are found such as welfare facilities, first aid, and child labor policy.

On contrary to this the most significant hazards are fall from height and scaffold operations, mechanical lifting with mobile cranes and forklifts, confined space hazards, poor housekeeping, shortage of Fire prevention system and awareness, lack of PPE’s.

The recommendations given against each control are very suitable from a cost-benefit analysis aspect and each suggestion requires nominal costs and supervision. The workers are provided training and awareness regarding information and documentation of a safe system of work. It can be achieved via in-house training sessions, toolbox talks, notice boards, and routine meetings.

Moreover, the recommendations reduce the probability and consequences of accidents, which will result in cost reduction for the organization, improve the moral status, public image, and market share, and customer satisfaction.

Proposal With Recommendation/Work Plan

How to write COVID – 19 weekly report

2020-12-16T01:42:00.002+05:00

COVID – 19 Weekly Report Outline

The COID-19 pandemic has entered into the second wave in the majority of countries and the third wave in a few countries. It has changed the lifestyle and working norms in all industries across the globe.

Now COVID -19 safety has become an integral part of the organization's health and safety system and to ensure its proper monitoring and improvement its regress reporting is indispensable.

In this article, we will discuss the COVID -19 weekly report for medium-size facilities where the staff size is between10 to 150. The report template is also included in this blog for your use with ease.

Company Logo/Name

The report can be generated on the company letterhead or any other format approved and recognized by the organization.

Company Credentials

Address email

Phone Number

Report Title: COVID – 19 Safety Weekly Report - 00

Title of the report with report number because it provides or links the history of COVID -19 reporting and consistency

Report Timeline: [Dec 03 to Dec 9, 2020]

Report timeline that includes the dates of monitoring (Composed of 7 days). It helps organization management to understand the COVID -19 trends.

COVID-19 cases Counter: 00

The COVID -19 counter provides a holistic picture of COVID-19 cases within an organization

Section # A

STAFF HEALTH SURVEILLANCE STATUS

This section contains details of daily staff /visitors' health surveillance checks that include temperature check, COVID -19 symptoms declaration. This helps an organization with two filters one by checking entrant temperature physically and the second is a declaration of COVID-19 symptoms at the entrance.

Surveillance Parameter

The surveillance parameters include temperature check which must be below 38° C, the entrant must not have fever, cough, body pain, or sore throat. If anyone has any of the said symptoms he/she must consult with an HSE officer or duty nurse before further proceeding to the office/working area.

Remarks

Remarks columns are there for staff/entrant to share any important information which can help us to ensure staff/visitors safety

Section # B

COVID – 19 SAFETY SOPS NON-COMPLIANCE STATUS

This section is designed to record all non-compliances observed by the COVID-19 Safety monitors and entered into the online portal @safetysupport. Theses noncompliance can be of the below nature;

Any staff not wearing a face mask
Staff wear face mask but not as per guidelines e.g. nose is uncovered
Staff don’t maintain physical distancing which must be 2 meters or 6 feet between or among others
Make any physical contact includes shake hands, hugging, or sharing anything physically

Name of Staff

Name of staff as written in HR records
Department
Department or unit name to differentiate among two same names
Date of Non-Compliance

Type of non-compliance as mentioned above can be one out of 4 or can be multiple non-compliances

Category of SoP Observation

The category of SoP violation can vary from organization to organization you can select your organization SoPs to fill the category of SoP observation. For example, the common SoPs for COVID -19 Safety is related to the facemask, physical distancing, and handwashing.

Remarks

In this remarks category, any important information about the non-compliant can be mentioned or attached. This category can be used as an evidence recording column in some cases where evidence is needed to prove the non-compliance.

Section # C

COVID – 19 SAFETY MATERIAL STOCK STATUS

COVID-19 safety material stock is an important section to know the status of covid-19 safety facilities in office/workplace, the status includes;

Availability of hand sanitizers on the ground and in stock
Availability of facemask on the ground and in stock
Availability of hand gloves on the ground and in stock
Availability of face shield on the ground and in stock
Availability of temperature checking device on the ground and in backup

Particulars

List of COVD – 19 Safety material with the generic name
Stock Status
Details of stock with an appropriate unit

Section # D

IMPORTANT ACTIONS TAKEN

This section contains all important actions taken in the monitoring week, these actions include physical interventions and awareness messages and alerts.

Actions list

List down all important actions taken in a week time period that includes;

Physical interventions which can be decontamination or installation of sanitizers

Awareness sessions, emails, and alerts

Few examples of action can be listed as under;

Sending an email to all staff to update the current status of COVID-19 cases in-country
Sent COVID-19 alert to communicate latest guidelines issued by Govt. health department
Installation of COVID - 19 Safety board at the office to intimate visitors about COVID - 19 Safety SoPs
Formation of help desk for COVID - 19 infected staff
Installation of the thermal camera at the entrance gate to check the temperature of all entrants

Heating Safety |Be prepared for Winter|

2020-11-25T15:55:00.011+05:00

Heating Safety

Due to lack of awareness on heating Safety and malpractices, multiple fire incidents and Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning accidents are reported on media every year in the winter season, where people lost their lives and property due to wrong practices in the use of heating equipment. These incidents can be prevented by following good practices and safety measures during the use of heating equipment that includes, wood stove or portable space heater (electricity or fuel). In this article, we will discuss all important aspects of heating safety that include heating safety tips, Heat, and heating equipment in the context of heating safety, and the social media awareness messages. It would be appreciated if the reader could further share the articles to be part of a heating safety campaign to save hundreds of lives around the globe.

Heating Safety Tips

Keep all combustibles at least three feet (one meter) away from heating equipment that includes Sofa Set, wooden table, Books, Bad, clothes, etc...
Have a three-foot (one meter) “free zone” around open fires and space heaters (None should seat around/in free Zone).
Always seek professional services if any new installation of heating equipment is in the plan or for maintenance of the existing heating equipment
Clean and inspect the heating equipment and chimneys once a year by employing technician.
Remember to turn portable heaters off upon leave the office or going to bed if live-in basecamp (Never put on the heater while sleeping it can cause CO poisoning)
Always check manufacture guidelines to select fuel for respective heating equipment
Make sure the fireplace has a cover to stop sparks from flying into the office/room.
If using gas cylinders keep them outside the room and inspect them for leakage or any other physical damage
Ensure no wire or gas pipe can cause a trip hazard in the office
Ashes should be cool down before dispose them in a container (metallic).
Keep the container at a safe distance away from combustibles.
Don’t use your oven to heat your office/basecamp
Avoid overload electric board/panel by use of multiple electric heaters in single electric board or panel, ensure safe load distribution
Store gas or liquid fuel stoke in a safe and secure place wherein use (keep stoke minimum to avoid hazards associated with fuel)
Check fire extinguisher at least once a month where installed
Test smoke alarms per month where installed
Test CO alarms per month where installed

Risk Associated with Heat & Heating Equipment

The most lethal risk of heating effects is the discharge of carbon monoxide from the heating equipment especially when any hydrocarbon is used as fuel. It is called slow position and exposure to a high level of CO causes instant death. Further low-level exposures are also left severe impacts on the victim's health.
The second risk of heating and eating equipment is a fire which not only fatal for life but also devastates the property.
The third risk electrocution where the heating equipment is run with help of electricity
The fourth risk burns from the hot surfaces or heating equipment

CO poisoning symptoms

If someone get exposed to CO the symptoms can be as under depends on the level of exposure;

Headache is the most common symptom for even low-level exposure
Shortness of breath
Unusual behavior
Fatigue/lethargic
Feeling Sick
Dizziness
Difficulty in walking
Vision problems
Nausea & vomiting
Irregular Breathing
Pain in Chest
Irregular Heart beating

Remember CO poisoning is a medical emergency where victims need medical care on time.

Social Media Messages for heating safety in the winter season

A fine morning is waiting for don’t make it your last night! #Heatingsafety #Wintersafety
Smoke Alarm guards your life against fire while you’re sleeping! #FireSafety #wintersafety
Detect unseen danger – Install CO alarm! #Heatingsafety #WinterSafety
November is ending let's clean heating equipment & chimney! #heatingsafety #wintersafety
Space heater needs some Space – Leave 3 feet distance around heater! #Heatingsafety #Wintersafety
Turning On the heater for the Whole Night is a Bad Idea! #Wintersafety

Important sites where you can get heating safety information

Home Heating Safety
How to Keep Your Heating System Safe and Prevent Heating Accidents?
Heating Safety Best Space Heaters for Home and Offices

Does an infrared thermometer damage brain or cause cancer

2020-10-11T18:19:00.004+05:00

As we start to live in a new normal situation due to COVID - 19 pandemic and when we enter an office building or shopping mall or school the first thing encountered is a temperature check desk where a gentleman or a lady points a thermometer gun toward the forehead with a smile. Or some employers get this task done by robots. This important check is added to our daily routine because it is an important part of public health and safety against new coronavirus and now it has become an essential part of our CVID- 19 safety SoPs besides physical distancing, mask, and hand hygiene.
But, some news spread misinformation on social media about the infrared thermometer and claimed that the device damages the brain or causes cancer on the spot where it is pointed.
For example, on Twitter, a lady claimed in a video that infrared thermometers are used to control the mind ….. really! check the video. Similarly, the same kind of misinformation is spreading around the globe and millions of people watch and follow. Whereas the reality is entirely different.
The infrared thermometer does not emit any radiation rather absorbs the infrared radiation your body emits, so how could it be possible to control or damage or cause cancer to the person going through a temperature check. Therefore It is scientifically proven that it is safe to check the temperature with help of a non-contact infrared thermometer.
Moreover, for complete information about the infrared thermometer read the whole blog as under.

Principle of thermometer gun work

Infrared thermometer work on the blackbody radiation principle - it doesn't emit any radiation rather than absorb infrared radiation from the body/object
It is very important to understand the working principle of noncontact infrared thermometer guns because it will help the user to understand facts that it is a harmless device in terms of brain damage or causes any cancer to the pointed area.
The infrared thermometer works on the blackbody principle according to which an object or body above absolute zero temperature emits infrared radiation and the number of radiation increases as the temperature of the respective object or body increases.
The radiation from the body converges through a focus lens inside an infrared thermometer and directed toward the detector where the rays are further processed and converted into electric signals and get the digital display on the screen.
The radiation counted for the measurement comes in three different modes which are reflection, transmission, and emission.

How to use an infrared thermometer

Always go for a medical-grade infrared thermometer for a human body temperature check
Read the device manual thoroughly before use of the device
Insert power batteries or charge for built-in battery type device
Calibrate the t infrared thermometer to minimize zero error
Setup your desirable temperature scale (Fahrenheit or Celsius )
Point the infra thermometer to the forehead or ear and ensure the closest distance between the device and body part (usually most of the device are designed to read the temperature at a 3cm-5cm distance)
Press the trigger/button one time - the result will be shown on the LCD within a fraction of second
If you are not sure about the temperature or reading recheck the temperature by following the step mentioned

Advantages of infrared thermometer

It is contactless
It is easy to operate and handle
Some brand can connect with the internet and create database and others store reading up to 10 persons
It can alert or warn for all higher temperature
It helps to maintain hygiene when mass temperature check required

Advantages of infrared thermometer

The temperature can be miscalculated due to wrong positioning
Machine error is always there which result in the wrong calculation of temperature
Calibration error
Distance to spot point ratio issues
Reflected and transmitted radiation can alert the machine reading
weather conditions can alert the reading if used in an open environment

Applications of infrared thermometer

The infrared thermometer is used for multiple purposes since its invention in 1899, some applications are listed below;

It is primarily used to check the temperature of objects includes all fragile objects which there is risk of damage on physical contact
An infrared thermometer is used in food industry to check food temperature
An infrared thermometer is used in the hospital for checking patient's temperature
Due to COVID -19 now the infrared thermometers are used in even nonclinical setup to check staff temperature on the aerial to work or office.

Best medical grade thermometers

Below are few best option for the noncontact infrared thermometer, the rating is given n the based of rating and reviews;
Koogeek No Touch Digital Infrared Thermometer - Medical Graded
Equinox Digital Non-Contact Infrared Thermometer
Metene No Touch Digital Infrared Thermometer - Medical Graded (Forehead And Ear)

Mechanical Hazards and controls

2020-10-09T22:16:00.004+05:00

The machine revolution changed human life and civilization in many aspects, particularly in terms of human working nature. It helps human productivity by utilizing minor human effort and helps workers to perform those tasks which are next to impossible for humans manually. Further, it also helps to increase precision, accuracy, and frequency in production but at the same time, the worker encounters some new type of hazard which did not exist before machines. These hazards are known as mechanical hazards and classified into eight types on the basis of their effects and nature.

Causes of mechanical hazards

There are commonly three causes when a machine's blessings convert into adversity and harm the worker.

Human Error
Logout/Tag-out
Missing machine Guard system

Human error is the most frequent cause of the machine-related accident where worker skills, emotions, and laziness play a main role in the accidents. The second cause of the machine-related accident is lockout/tag out failure which resulted in serious accidents. The third cause of machine-related accidents is the failure of the machine guarding system. Such accidents are due to the use of substandard machines and tools.

Mechanical Hazards

The machine-related hazards are classified into nine machine-related hazards;

Crushing

The hazard in which a worker can be trapped between two moving parts or where one part is moving and the other part is fixed. For example Concrete Pump boom or hydraulic press. These accidents are avoidable but if occurred these are fatal most of the time. In the crush, the mechanical force can act in 360 degrees directional.

Shearing

Sharing is a hazard in which machine moving wheels with some speed tarp worker limbs particularly hand or fingers. In accidents the worker can lose his limb or fingers, moreover, the direction of force and pivot point is clockwise and anticlockwise. The lone worker particularly working at night faced such accidents.

Cutting & Serving

Cutting & serving hazards arise from sharp edges or blades of the machine where the cutting or sewing task performs. It happens when worker body parts come in contact with moving blades. For example, the wood cutting machine where the blades cut the fingers of workers due to accidental contact. The direction of the force and human contact is 90 degrees in this hazard.

Entanglement

Entanglement is happening due to loose clothing of the worker where a piece or part of cloth or dress of the worker is stuck in the machine and pulls the worker toward the machine with a jerk and intense force. For example, rollers in the textile industry where workers trap due to entanglement.

Stabbing or puncture

Machine with sharp moving parts includes blades, needles, or belts which move with some speed and can puncture human body parts when came in contact. For example, the simple example of stabbing or puncture hazard is sewing machine needles in industry or home which puncture fingers on the wrong contact. Or in the crushing industry the small fragments of the stones which can cause accidents.

Abrasion or fraction

The bare parts of a machine moving with high speed is abrasion or fraction hazard. When the worker body came into contact with high speed moving part of machine abrasion or fraction. The effects of abrasion can be peeling off the epidermis or wipe off the flash from the contact surface. For example, the conveyor belt or motor belt can be a good example of an abrasion or fraction hazard.

Impact

Impact hazard is the most commonly found hazard in the heavy machine industry where giant robots are used to perform tasks. In an impact accident, a moving part of a machine hit the worker and the worker got injured. For example, a moving arm of a moving industrial robot.

Drawing or Trape

The most fatal hazard of a machine is drawing or trap where two moving parts trap the worker and drag the tarp part toward itself. Moreover, the moving parts move in an inward direction therefore once the body part is trapped it is next to impossible to drag out the struck part. In most of the accidents, the victim lost the contact body part. Spinning wheels of heavy industry are a good example of drawing and trap hazards.

High-Pressure Fluid inject

High pressures liquids or gases become the cause of injector throw hazard - these hazards cause accidents when the container of the pressurized constant is burst out. Moreover, the high-pressure fluid injection also becomes a cause of passive accidents that includes fall or impact. Boilers, hydraulic machines, and gas cylinders are examples of high-pressure fluid injects.

Controls

Elimination is the best control for machine-related hazards and this can be done by replacing the respective machine with a more advanced and worker-friendly machine. The other options for controlling hazards, where elimination is not possible are engineering controls which are discussed in details as under;

Fixed Guard

Fixed machine guards prevent access to moveable parts of the machine with physical barriers. The main advantages of the fixed guard are it is next to the elimination of hazard and minimize the risk of machine-related accident and even if the worker competency is compromised the physical barrier block the human contact with moving parts. But, on the other hand, the fixed guard was considered to be poorly maintenance-friendly.

Adjustable or moveable Guard

Adjustable guards are machine guarding systems that can be removed while working or some time it is auto movable which is also called self-adjustable guards. The advantages of adjustable guards are maintenance-friendly and moving parts can be oil, grease, or clean easily. But these guards don't provide 100% safeguard to the workers.

Emergency Shutdown Button

Some machines are equipped with emergency shutdown buttons which help workers to shut the machine if any unwanted incident happened. But these buttons are reactive, not protective, and considered as weak controls.

Highly sensitive tripping devices

Advanced technology enables machines to identify the object including the worker hand or the object under operation. The machines are equipped with tripping devices. These devices are evolving with time and effectively.

Two hands operating control

Two hand operating tool is a simple but very effective control in which the operator need full attention which ultimately lowers the risk of machine-related accidents

Personal Protective Equipment

The last resort of mechanical hazard control is personal protective equipment and in case of mechanical hazards, the PPEs are more comparably effective and easy to care for. The PPEs include gloves, safety suits, safety helmets, goggles, shoes, and complete body gear.

Training

One of the most effective controls for machine-related hazards is the skill development of workers or operators as we have mentioned in the part of the cause the human error is the most common cases of machine-related accidents therefore worker skill and capacity building is very essential.

COVID - 19 safety recommendations and action points for the corporate industry

2020-09-30T23:45:00.007+05:00

Introduction

Coronavirus is an acute respiratory disease caused by a new Coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, transmitted into human respiratory thorough droplets, direct contact with infected persons, and also through contaminated surfaces and objects.

Though the virus can remain intact and survive on the material surfaces for different time spans and can be transmitted through human touch to the respiratory system through Noise, Mouth, and Eyes.

To ensure the safety of staff, customers, and visitors in the corporate industry below are the important recommendations and action points proposed.

Facility* is a term used for a set of purpose full buildings includes Offices, washrooms, walkways, meeting rooms/halls, waiting for areas, and common rooms.

Health and Safety Recommendations

Surveillance & Awareness

Risk Assessment to be performed by employees via daily health screening before reporting to work by observing the following in the last 24 hours? If anyone symptom is present; they should not come to work and refer to the health board via calling on the emergency helpline

New onset of sore throat,
Cough
Body aches

In contact with a person having COVID-19
The temperature should be checked at the entrance and if it is equal to or greater than 99ºF than the individual must not be given entry
Frequent hand hygiene to be encouraged
Respiratory etiquette to be observed
As recommended by the World Health Organization, spraying individuals /surfaces with disinfectants are not suggested under any circumstances
Fortnight staff refresher to be organized to keep them informed about the Covid-19 situation and sensitized about the importance of safety /preventive measures
Noncompliance to be managed effectively
Staff observed frequently showing absence based on health screening would be recommended for a fitness test by a family medicine physician
Staff to ensure daily showers and personal hygiene
Staff is advised to decrease the usage of paper. Suggestions were made to reduce paper use.

Housekeeping & cleanliness

All frequently touch surfaces including Tables, Chairs, Cubicles, workstations, boards, doorknobs, light switches should be cleaned and disinfected every 4 hours with 70% alcohol-based liquid or bleach solution (90% of water and 10% of bleach).
Low touch surfaces or areas like floors, walls, ceilings, blinds, etc. should be cleaned and disinfected daily
Carpet needs to be washed monthly or preferably twice a month with proper shampooing.
The workstation needs to be cleaned every 4 hours along with the telephone sets, keyboard, mouse, stationery, tissue box, remote control, or any material which is used by the staff.
Markers and dusters near the whiteboard need to clean every 4 hours
Paddle operated closed dustbin is suggested with room wise dusters
All unused things need to pack in the cartoon or box.
The conference room should be a paperless environment and also cleaned at all times.
Washrooms need to be cleaned every 2 hours. Checklist/log sheet should be maintained to monitors the cleanliness of washrooms
The plastic sheet should be removed from the dining table
70% Alcohol-based wipes can be used to clean and disinfect surfaces where the use of bleach is not suitable

Others Recommendations

Every entrant must sanitize hand before entering the office
Ventilation is required in all the rooms. Open doors and windows to expose offices to natural light and air once in a day. A/C filters need to be cleaned frequently.
Sanitizer composition should not be less than 60% to 70 % alcohol. Refilling of the purl bag is not recommended.
Surgical Mask (3ply) must be used before entering the office and wearing it at all times is mandatory. Surgical mask certification needs to be checked (EN-14683) from vendor
Social distancing must be maintained at all times in all rooms along with board rooms (minimum 2 meters / 6 feet) distance should be maintained. Take the extra chairs out or mark X to maintain social distancing.
Front desk (reception) staff is recommended to wear a face shield.
The sanitizer bracket needs to be fixed outside the finance department near the fingerprint machine.
Photocopy machines should be used by 2 deployed persons.
The kitchen staff needs to wear masks and hand gloves while making or serving tea, coffee, or snacks.
Disposable utensils, plates, glasses, water bottles must be used in kitchen and dining areas. Particularly for water bottles, staff should be advised to bring their own water bottles (self-water bottles)

Action Plan

How to ensure staff health surveillance?

Nominate staff health Surveillance checker at the security desk at the entry point for one month (Record staff health status that includes COIVD- 19 Symptoms)
Introduce What's App Group for all staff where they update their health status in the morning (except for support staff their supervisors will do the same)
Introduce departmental level whats App group where the department can nominate one person to share the health status of staff of the respective department
Reinforce COVID - 19 Safety SoP for Access point and ensure all entrains must go through; (a) Facemask (3ply) (b) Temperature check (c) Hand Sanitization
Prepare and communicate COVID -19 emergency response plan to handle any COVID -19 emergency situation at the entry point
Allocate a separate space for staff who found with any COVID - 19 symptoms (Facilities: Wel ventilated room, Telephone set, and comfortable seating)

How to manage COVID - 19 Safety non-compliance?

Establish a clear chain of command and communication to report all non-compliance
Constitute COVID safety Committee where all report non-compliances are review and respond
Nominate monitors to ensure all staff follow COVID - 19 Safety SoPs within the office (Also define their reporting mechanism and frequency)

How to maintain the workstation clean?

Prepare instructions/guidelines for staff on "How to clean workstation"
Provision of Alcohol-based swapes to staff (Alcohol spray can be dangerous due to lower flash point)
Workstation cleanliness checking mechanism

How to maintain physical distancing?

Floor Making in all public areas (Reception, entry gate, waiting room, canteen)
Keep only one chair in from workstation for visitors
Relocate staff where the distance between staff is less than 2 meters
Mark cross on the conference/meeting table to ensure physical distancing between attendees
Display physical distancing signs at common workplaces and meeting rooms

How to protect frontline workers?

The face shield will be provided to all staff who directly expose to the public and staff includes; 1. Security Guard who operate Gate & check temperature 2. Front desk Staff
Emergency response team (prepare COVID-19 Emergency kit (Facemasks (05), Gloves (05 Pairs), Faceshield or Safety Goggles(05))

COVID – 19 Safety Guidelines for Cashier/Cash Handler & Cash Receiver

These guidelines are proposed to avoid the spread of COVID -19 between below;

Surface or environment to casher/cash handler
Casher/Cash handler to surface or environment
Casher/cash handler to cash receiver/staff
Cash receiver / Staff to casher/Cash Handler

General Guidelines

All staff (Casher, Staff, Support staff) involve in the cash distribution activity must wear Facemask (3ply) during the whole activity
Ensure the mask is well fitted to the face and there should be no gap in between
Don’t touch face while handling cash
Don’t remove facemask in the room where cash handling activity has done
Dispose-off or wash mask after removal and put in the close led dustbin
Sanitize your hand with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer after entertaining each staff
Wash your hands after entertain 20 staff and take 10 minutes breaks to ventilate the room properly
Maintain Physical distance of 6 feet (2M) between the cashier and cash receiver
Use fingertip moistener as when need during cash counting (Don’t share fingertip moistener with staff/cash receiver)
Nobody is allowed to spend extra time in the cash dealing room and request staff to leave the room very after to receive cash
Drinking, each and use of the mobile phone is prohibited in the cash dealing room
Don’t entertain staff who came to the cash dealing room without a facemask and report to the safety officer
Other Guidelines

Some specific guidelines are as under;

Time table must be established and communicate with each staff for their time slot
The cash voucher signing procedure should be replaced with digital acknowledgment

E-mail
SMS or WhatsApp message
Voice Call

The cash handling room must be well ventilated and windows must be open to ensure fresh air exchange
Cash must be given in envelops
Cash must be counted and kept to complete its delay time (at least 24 Hrs.)

COVID – 19 Daily Report Sample

Daily Health and Safety Compliance Report |COVID -19|

Date: July 30, 2020

Report No: 01

Facility Name: Threshold Concept

SUMMARY

The staff is found vigilant and cautious about their health and safety and they are following SoP includes maintaining physical distancing, wear a face mask, and hand sanitization at the entry point. However, some staff and visitors need more awareness and sensitization on the importance of health and safety specifically in the COVID – 19 contexts.

Furthermore, with daily and regress supervision and surveillance of the departments we can get 100% compliance of COVID – 19 Health and safety SoP.

OBSERVATIONS

Observations are based on physical visits, staff feedback, and CCTV Surveillance.

All staff and visitors are fully screened at the entrance gate by security guards and ensure compliance of temperature check, facemask, and hand sanitization on the entry desk (All person’s details are logged).

All support staff working with facemask as per SoP

AC vendor is found wearing a mask but his nose is uncovered

CORRECTIVE MEASURES

On-site briefing to staff and visitors/vendor who are found noncompliance COVID – 19 Health and safety SoP
Arrangements of Chair and table (One share one Table Setup) at the social area to ensure physical distancing
Pasting of COVID – 19 Safety Signs

Driving Safety in Extreme Weather Conditions

2020-08-31T02:30:00.005+05:00

When you are behind the wheel you hold a risk that can be fatal for you or others if you drive the vehicle unsafely. Every day thousands of traffic accidents happen around the globe in which people get injured or sometimes lose their life due to these accidents. Traffic accidents are preventable if we follow driving safety rules and don't count it as just a move from point A to B. Further, there are certain laws that bound everyone on the road to be careful on the road while driving.

In this article, we will discuss driving safety tips in extreme weather conditions that include fog conditions, heavy rain, black ice, snow, dust storm, and wind storm. At the end of this article, we will share some general driving safety tips which could help readers regarding driving in normal conditions.

Before jumping into a detailed discussion on driving safety in extreme weather conditions we must understand that prevention is better than cure, therefore our first choice of safety during extreme weather conditions is not to drive and stay in a safe place until the condition gets normalized. If it is a compulsion or an emergency then we can drive with mindfulness and preparation.

General Driving Safety Tips

Do not drive if your health condition is not well
Keep first aid box and a fire extinguisher in the vehicle for any emergency
Do all physical checks of the vehicle before starting the journey
Adjust your seat and seat belt according to your body
Adjust mirrors according to your view angle
Check windscreen wipers
Check fuel and engine oil
Check the air in tires and brakes
Practice defensive driving
Follow traffic rules and traffic signs
Be predictable for others to clear your lane
Slow your speed on U-turns or exchanges
Do not talk or text on the phone while driving
Keep a safe distance from other vehicles ahead of you. It can be 2-3 sec when your speed is 50 km/hr.
Keep one-meter safe distance on both sides
Check headlights and emergency indicators
Show patience and never overtake Bentley
Look far ahead to predict the prevailing situation and timely reaction
Take appropriate rest before and after driving
Keep yourself update on traffic updates and weather forecast and plan accordingly

Driving Safety in Fog Condition

Slow down you speed to react timely
Use fog lights
Never turn on bright headlights because the water droplets in fog can diffract the light
Turn-On the low beam lights if you don't have fog lights
Open windows to listen the surrounding to compensate visibility issue
Stick to your road lane never takeover or change your lane
Turn-On the emergency lights behind the vehicle to communicate your position and speed to the other vehicles behind
Focus on driving and avoid any multitasking during driving
If there is zero visibility don't drive further and stay on the side of the road until the situation gets normal.
Inform your location and status to your family or emergency helpline if you have no option than to stay aside.

Driving Safety in Heavy Rain

Check windscreen wipers and replace them once annually to ensure their effectiveness
Turn-On the headlights to see the road clearance and visible for others
Slow down your speed to react timely
Keep a safe distance from other vehicles which can be 2-3 Sec of vehicle speed is 50 Km/hr.
Don't drive if the water is accumulated to half of the tire height and take a diversion
Tick to your driving lane never takeover the driving lane
Prevent heavy transport vehicles in the rain as the water can reflect with trust when they bypass
Turn on the radio to get the latest weather updates and traffic situation
Stop and stay aside if the weather gets further worsen and wait until rain stop or lower
Inform your location and status to your family or emergency helpline if you have no option than to stay aside.

Driving Safety in Black-Ice

Do not panic stay calm if when hit black-ice
Do not apply sudden break or pump bread if you encounter black-Ice
Keep your steering in the same direction and don't try to turn and adjust
Put-off your feet from the accelerator and go slow and steadily
Avoid stopping if possible to prevent uncontrolled slip
Keep a safe distance from other vehicles
Turn on the road for weather updates including the temperature of the vicinity
If you continually encounter the black ice patched than slowly stop the vehicle in a safe and clear spot and weather for an increase in temperature
Turn-On emergency lights indicator to communicate your position and condition to other vehicles
Inform your location and status to your family or emergency helpline if you have no option than to stay aside

Driving Safety in Snow

Look far ahead to prepare for any snowdrift or gust
Drive carefully and slowly
keep Headlights turn-on
learn how to deal with skids
Weather fit wheel can be very effective and helpful
Inform your location and status to your family or emergency helpline if you have no option than to stay aside

Driving Safety in Dust Storm

Avoid drive in a dust storm if possible
Slow the vehicle to appropriate speed where you can easily to react
Make sure your headlights on when you drive through a dust storm
Never stop the vehicle to avoid collision with vehicles behind you
Keep your horn on to let the other your position
If you decide to stop then wait for parking space or space off the road
Turn off all lights when reached parking or off-road
Stay inside vehicle till the storm passes
Listen to the radio for weather updates and react accordingly
Inform your location and status to your family or emergency helpline if you have no option than to stay aside

Driving in Wind Storm

Drive slowly across wind storm because the wind propels the vehicle momentum and driver can lose control of the vehicle
Hold the steering firmly with both hands and prepare for gusts or jerks of wind
Keep a safe distance from other vehicles especially from HTV and two-wheelers
Turn -On radio and listen to the weather forecast and plan ahead accordingly
Never open winds or roof opening in a wind storm
Inform your location and status to your family or emergency helpline if you have no option than to stay aside

Confined Space Entry Procedures

2020-08-29T00:52:00.003+05:00

Introduction

A space with limited means of access and egress can be referred to as confined space. The confined space has characteristics that often that include limited means of access and egress, poor lighting, poor ventilation, and bad housekeeping, these all be associated at the time one, or maybe few of them can be associated with space considered confined space. Examples of confined space can be the interior of a storage tank, main hole, underground ducts, pit, well, or oil tankers where workers entered occasionally for maintenance work. The confined space itself is hazardous due to space constraints and also the risk for workers is increased due to the presence of hazards that often include dust or gases, asphyxiation, submersion in liquids, sharp edges electrocution, or entrapment.
Confined space accidents are of very serious concern in occupational safety and health due to high-risk consequences for both victims and the rescuers. Therefore, confined space entry procedures and safety protocols are highly recommended in all types of industries. Further, these procedures are enhanced by additional backing with precautions such as air quality testing, lockout & tagout procedure, induced ventilation, a deputation of confined space observers at the opening, PPEs, and predefined ERP (Emergency Rescue Plan).
In this article, we will discuss the Confined Space Entry Procedures in detail and explain all its important elements.

Identification of confined space Hazards

Before the start of any activity it is crucial to do hazard identification of the surrounding environment of confined space these hazards can be identified as under;

Testing of oxygen level in the atmosphere around and in the confined space - it must be in the range of more than 19.5 % and not more than 23.5 %. Testing should be done at all levels entry point mid of the space and bottom of the confined space
Combustible material or gases testing these tests includes CH4 fumes testing, gasoline fumes testing and hydrocarbons slush testing at the bottom
Testing of toxic gases include hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide or any other toxic gas al all level of the confined space

These all tests must be done by an authorized person equipped with all necessary personal protective equipment and approved gas tester

Ventilation of confined space

The next step of the confined space entry procedure is the venting procedure in which the confined space is subjected to the removal of all toxic and hazardous gases. For this purpose multiple methods can be used - the most widely used method for venting confined pace is mechanical or induced ventilation of the confined space. This can be done by introducing fresh air into the tank from the bottom of the tank which ultimately flowers the concentration of confined space gases and forces them to leave the tank.
It is important to understand that sometimes we get desirable results at the opening of the tank but there are certain points within confined space where the flammable or toxic gases trap and become the cause of accidents if we do not complete venting properly. Therefore, every part of the confined space must undergo a vetting process. After ventilation of confined space, the hazard identification process must be repeated and ensure the results must be in an acceptable range.
Some important values associated with atmospheric testing are given below;

Oxygen level more than 19.5% and not more than 23.5%
Flammability must be lower than 10% lower flammable limit (LFL)
Toxicity must be lower than 50% Permissible exposure limit (PEL)

Training

One of the most important elements of a confined space entry procedure is the training of workers and rescuers. Because an unskilled or untrained worker can convert the safe situation into a harmful environment, similarly a trained rescuer can increase the chances of life-saving whenever an accident or emergency happens. It is the responsibility of the employer or contractor to provide the necessary training and equipment before expecting confined space work. The training for workers can be used for equipment and PPEs during work in confined space, how to communicate and coordinate in an emergency situation. While for the rescuer, emergency rescue related training and onsite simulation can be recommended.

Confined Space Entry Permit

Confined space permit is a formal document that can be between client and contractor or in some cases it can be between departments within an organization. The work permit contains details of all pre-entry requirements, a list of employees involved in the activity, and the ERP of the activity.
It is the document that ensures facilitation in the communication of logout and tag or some time isolation of energy supply from confined space.
One of the most widely used works permits systems is the PTW system which has a comprehensive layout for access permission to work in confined space.

Pre-Entry Requirements

Even when the workers' supervisor have a work permit he should not allow the worker to enter into confined space before compliance with the below pre-entry requirements;

Rescue team or a member of the team available on the site or outside confined space
Two-person should allow working inside confined space
One competent person should monitor the work inside a confined space
All hazardous gases must be within the permissible limit
Oxygen level must be within the allowable limit
Continuous testing of atmosphere facility
Appropriate lighting facility to work in confined space

Monitoring the work

Below are the important parameter which needs to be tested and monitored during work within confined space;

Percentage of oxygen in the working atmosphere
The concentration of flammable gases in the working atmosphere
Toxicity limit
Other potential hazards

Some, other non-potential hazards which need to be monitored in confined space outline below;

The noise level during work in confined space
Electric hazard and electric backup
The temperature of the confined space
Exposure to a mechanical hazard

The confined space attendant or observer must have a proper template where all these values are recorded and used to make decisions if any emergency situation prevails.

Box up Confined Space Task

Once the work in confined space is completed or shift has been closed the team leads or supervisor must instruct workers to box up the task and make the space free of any hazard originating due to work or any material remaining after work. Good housekeeping after completing a task or closing shift can prevent many accidents on the next day.
The permit must be closed after completing the box up the task with the closing signs of the authorized person. In some cases, the work is done or closing of confined space permit is pre-requirement of the closure of logout therefore be careful while closing permit to entry confined space.

For some more interesting information on health, safety and environment below blogs are recommended;

NFPA Hazard Identification System

How to conduct Health and Safety Induction

Hazard Types and their Identification

Best practice guidelines for scaffolding |workplace safety|

2020-08-25T07:32:00.004+05:00

Introduction

It is unfortunate and better truth that everyday scaffolding related accidents are reported in which the worker gets serious injuries or sometimes lost their lives. And those who survive scaffold falls are often paralyzed and become victims for the rest of life.

These accidents are caused mostly due to improper use of scaffolding and its poor maintenance but sometimes these accidents are caused by faulty design and faulty construction.

In order to avoid such accidents, we need to fully understand scaffold safety. Mindful construction workers keep both feet on the scaffold.

Now let's discuss how to behave as a practical and foresighted person while working with scaffolds. In this article we will discuss good practices and guidelines for below important elements of the scaffold in details;

Erection of Scaffolding
Working on Scaffolds
Mobile Scaffolding
Inspection of Scaffolding and other important checks

Erection of Scaffolding

Scaffolding erection required below important check to be ensured;

you have sufficient material for the job and that it has been inspected and found to be in good condition.
Timber or fiber sole plates are used, and they must be of adequate dimensions to provide a safe bearing.
Metal base plates are used on all standards.
Scaffold boards are in good condition.
Standards are upright and set out in accordance with the drawings or sketches provided.
The scaffold is adequately tied to the structure.
Working platforms are fully boarded complete with guardrails and toe boards.
That there is a safe way to get on and off the scaffold, such as a ladder (without climbing on cross braces).
It has a minimum of 4-1 safety factor.
The scaffold must be at safe distance from electric wire where applicable

Working on Scaffolds

When working on scaffolds is a very critical job and it is in everyone responsibility to follow the safety rules to avoid any undue accident few good practices or guidelines for working on scaffolds are given below;

Do not use incomplete or defected scaffolds - always seek permission from competent personnel
Always use a ladder for climbing up and down the scaffolds.
Use appropriate tools while working on scaffolds and ensure none of them could fall from scaffolds
Do not interfere or make changes in the structure of scaffolds - especially the removal of mid-rails, toe boards, etc. Any type of alteration must be subjected to the approval of competent persons
Follow the load-bearing or load capacity chart to store or stack the material and leave a gangway at least two boards wide
Report to your immediate superior or the competent person if any scaffolding which appears defective
Braced the material stacked to avoid any accidental knocked off the working platform, Use clampers or bricks guards to secure the material
Do not leave material lying on the working platform - Proper housekeeping must maintain on the working platform
Never throw, drop or tip any material from the height or scaffolds. Always use a safe method for transportation of material which can be tackle or garbage duct

Mobile Scaffold Towers

Mobile scaffolds can readily be moved from place to place, and are convenient for painters and other tradesmen whose work entails frequent moving.

In order to use a mobile tower scaffold safely following best practices and guidelines can help;

No – one should work on a mobile scaffold unless they are sure it is safe.
For outside use, the maximum height of the tower should not be more than three times the shortest base, and 31⁄2 times for inside use. If these heights to base ratios have to be exceeded, an outrigger must be used.
When tower height is greater than 2m, guard rails and toe boards must be fitted
Mobile Scaffold should only use where the ground is level and free of any trip hazard
Mobile scaffold wheels must have locking system and these locks must be lock while climbing on the scaffold
Do not move the mobile scaffold tower if there is anyone on it
When mobile scaffold tower is moving the space around must be safe and free from any electric wire or lines
Do not hurry while moving mobile scaffold tower
A ladder should be provided within mobile scaffold tower for safe access and egress
The recommended load should never be exceeded on the mobile scaffold tower
Other contractor’s towers should not be used without permission.

Scaffolds Inspection

As we know that scaffolding is a temporary structure or platform used to perform work at height in all types of industries. Because it is temporary it is subject to wear, loose, and unauthorized change. Therefore, it required a regress inspection to repair where wear-out or loose and control any unauthorized change.

The scaffold requires regular inspection and it is done before every shift starts. These inspections can be done by a safety person or any competent and authorized worker before a shift starts. The best practices and guidelines for scaffold inspection are outlined under;

Scaffolding must be erected on level firm ground that must be capable of
carrying the maximum intended load. Loose concrete blocks, boxes, and barrels
or brick must not be used to support the scafolding structure.
Complex scaffolds must-have designs and structural diagram
The safety signs must be arranged scaffold entry and around to create
awareness among workers and alert them from immediate danger
The load capacity of the scaffold must be calculated by considering the
weight of people instead of working on it and the load of material that is either
stacked or stored in a scaffold platform.
Consider the weight the scaffold is to carry. As a rule of thumb, It must be
capable of supporting 4 times the maximum intended load without failure.
Due to the narrow base of the scaffold, it is naturally unstable structure,
in order to squeez this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable
structure such as a building wall, shared walls, etc.
The planking used must be scaffold grade and free of any defect. To
create a proper work surface, usually, 2 planks need to be laid alongside to form
a 20 wide work platform. At the ends, the planking must join at least 6; but no
more than 18 (limited to 12 for shipyards and construction) unless the planks
are fastened to the supporting members
Toeboards at least 4 inches high (3 ½ inches ) should be fixed along the
outer scaffold edge, to avoid tools or materials from falling onto workers below.
Guard rail requirements for supported scaffolds vary for different
industries. OSHA standard for general industry and construction requires
guardrails when a platform is 10 ft. higher.
Guard rails are usually made of 2x4 ft. lumber or steel pipe. The top rail
should be about 42 inches from the scaffold walking surface, with a mid-rail at
about 21 inches. It is important to be considered that the railings must be of
sufficient in strength to bear weight of worker who started to falling.
Never make any changes to scaffolding yourself. Only designated
Competent Persons should make modifications.

Other Important Checks

It is everyone's primary responsibility to Inspect scaffolds daily before you trust your life to them. These inspections can be checking of guardrails, connectors, fastenings, footings, tie-ins, and bracing.

Check to see that platforms are closely boarded, guarded, and securely fastened.
Do not stockpile materials on scaffolds unnecessary, always keep stacking as per load capacity chart
Never overload scaffolds. stacked necessary materials over ledger and bearer points.
.Boxup or remove all tools and left-over materials at the end of the shift
Ground yourself during storms or high winds.
When hoisting material from the ground, control it with a tagline.
Keep platforms and areas near the scaffold clear of unneeded equipment or material, debris, and anything else that might cause you to slip or trip.

Seven Steps of Lockout/Tagout Procedures

2020-08-08T16:03:00.008+05:00

Every day there are several accidents at workplaces worth where the worker doing some maintenance or service work and machine started unexpectedly and harm the worker. All such types of incidents can be prevented by adopting an effective LOTO at our workplace. In this article, we will discuss the standard procedure of the LOTO procedure.

Lockout Tagout (LOTO) is a procedure or control that ensures the isolation of all types of energy resources to avoid unexpected starts while doing maintenance or service work is going on. The energy types under LOTO are listed as under;

Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Hydraulic Energy
Pneumatic Energy
Chemical Energy
Radiation Energy
Thermal Energy

The standard procedure for lockout/Tagout is divided into seven steps to understand and execute effectively. These steps are listed as under;

Preparation
Shutdown
Isolation
Lockout/Tagout
Store Energy check
Isolation Verification
Release from Lockout/Tagout

STEP # 1 Preparation

In the preparation step, the authorized person does a risk assessment of the area where LOTO is intended. Identify all types of hazards which can be encountered during maintenance or service work. Identify, energy source, and type which is going to shut down. Communicate and coordinate with relevant departments and people to ensure their backup during shutdown of the energy source. Document all pre-shutdown findings and prepare action plans.

STEP # 2 Shutdown

The shutdown is the first practice step after planning is completed, in this procedure the machine or system is undergone shutdown process which includes gradually slowing and stopping of mechanical parts, taking backups of the tasks to stop and stored in backup files in computer-operated machines and other can be cooling off the hot objects.

In the case of oil and gas industries where LOTO is applied when fuel tanks are subjected to cleaning the shutting off the supply valve of the tanks can be taken as a shutdown step.

STEP # 3 Isolation

The next step is the isolation of the machine or equipment which is being subjected to serving or maintenance. Isolation is a physical activity and it can be done in many ways depending on the type of machine or equipment. Few examples of isolation are listed as under;

The fuel tanks are isolated by inserting blind flung between the supply line and tank entry point
Turning off the power breaker
Removal of the revolving belt between machine and motor
Disconnect the electric fuse/plug
Insertion of Safety pins

STEP # 4 Lockout/ Tagout

The most important and crucial step of the whole LOTO procedure is STEP # 4 because of this step delegates responsibility and accountability to the authorized person and other people who are involved in this task. One of the energy sources is isolated and prepared for the work. Then the authorized person lock out the isolated part of the machine with special devices list as under;

All-Purpose Cable Lockout
Adjustable Ball Valve Lockouts
Valve Lockouts
Ball and Ring Hitch Lock
Niagara Safety Stubby Lockout
Safety Lockout Hasp
Push Button Lockouts
Universal Circuit Breaker Lockout

One the lockout device in-place than tag out of the device is done and the features of tag out are as under;

Name of Authorized person with signature
Timeline of Lockout
Contact Number of Authorized person
Warning and don’t open Signs

STEP # 5 Store Energy Check

Even if the Lockout and Tag out is done the machine or equipment still needs to be gone through STEP five because the residual emery in the machine or equipment is still dangerous for the workers. To cope with residual energy “the Store Energy check” step is taken.

The store energy can be check-in many ways few examples list as under;

Venting of fuel tank before start maintenance work
Removal of residual current by the RCD device
Neutralization of machine by static current neutralization device
Cooling of burner
Time delay in case of a radioactive source

STEP # 6 Isolation Verification

The isolation verification step is the last step of lockout and tag out before starting the maintenance or service work of the respective machine or equipment. This step is performed by an authorized person and technical team by re-ensuring all machines are shut down, isolate, lockout/tag-out, and check the store energy has been managed or released.

After isolation verification, the working team has given work-permit to enter into the working area for the maintenance or serving work.

STEP # 7 Release from Lockout/Tagout

As the LOTO is a closed-loop procedure and according to it the palming should be done by considering the box up of the task. This can be done by the release of the machine or equipment from Lockout/Tag-out. Once the technical team declarer the machine and equipment service has been done and everything is in place. The authorized person takes a risk assessment of the lockout/Tagout and ensures no new hazard/risk originates. Once, all parameters checked the lockout/Tagout of machine or equipment is released and follows rest steps in reverse fashion.

How to write an accident investigation report

2020-08-06T15:27:00.008+05:00

Accident investigation report is an important tool to safeguard the information relating to the accident and also help in collection of all important information during accident investigation. The accident report form can be of any format or type which purpose is to record the investigation data. The form can be a standard from of any health and safety professional body or it can be develop or customize according to your own organization requirements and operations.

Although accident report is as essential tool for preservation of accident investigation but also it is a requirement in some countries as legal bindings and on the other side some insurance companies also some time request for the accident investigation report.

In this article we will discussed the important seven sections of accident investigation report with help of a standard template.

Section # 1 Specific Details

Specific details of accident investigation report is composed of name organization, department, Date and time of accident and name of person who wrote this report. Few important guidelines for this part are as under;

Always number the investigation report to differentiate the latest report from older ones
Date must be in an approved format e.g. August 6, 2020
Time must be in 24 Hrs. format to avoid any discrepancy between PM & AM e.g. 14:00 instead of 02:00 PM
Report date can be different from accident date there for be sure while writing report date

Section # 2 Damage/Injury/Lose details

The Damage details part composed of list(s) that is based on the investigation team assessment. It contains the details of property damage, process losses and injury details (if any). This part of report is very important for management understanding and further actions to recover if any critical damage is resulted due to accident.

Section # 3 Description of Accident

Description of the accident is the lengthiest part of the accident report, it composed of the chronological facts, statement and actions of all stakeholder. The description must be very articulate simple and composed. The description can be make more responsive by taking care of below important points;

Use simple and active voice to tell the accident story
Use facts and avoid assumptions
Don’t use open statements
Don’t conclude investigation in description
Don’t include causes in description
Don’t include actions or control measures in description

Section # 4 Causes of Accident

The most important part of investigation report is the Cases part because it tells about how and why this accident happened. The causes must be mention after through investigation and all causes must be back with evidences and logic. The initial investigation report which is due in 24 Hrs. of accident the causes are only immediate causes which can be further deepen in final accident investigation report.

The type of causes can be as under;

Immediate causes or surface causes
Underlying causes
Root cases
Contributing causes

Section # 5 Corrective Measures

Corrective measure section provide a detail action plan includes specific actions which help in recovery of the operation and stop recurrence of the accident in future, time lines and responsibility of the stakeholder. The action section can be make more effective by considering following important factors;

Critical actions must be first priority
The timelines must be realistic
Responsibilities must be delegate after taking consent of action doer
Action section must have follow-up date to ensure all control measures implementation

Section # 6 Investigation Team details and Signatures

This section contains details of the professionals who are involved in investigation process and their signature which shows a collective ownership of the report. Along with investigation team details, the details of management team is also mentioned here to further strengthen the report and its findings. Without management review or endorsement the report is considered partially completed. The accident investigation report from is closed with review date at the bottom of the report form.

Section # 7 Annexures

The Annexures part is the last investigation report and this section help the management and other stakeholder to further probe into the accident details in order to take decision making and further action. The important element of annexure part can be listed as below;

Snaps and videos of accident location
Statements (Eyewitness, Victim)
Legal notices
Damage Assessments details
Any other important Document relevant to the accident investigation

Free Editable Accident investigation Template can be download here 👇

Incident Or Accident Report

For further information on health, safety and environment below blogs are recommended;

5 Common Misconceptions about Health and Safety at Workplace

NFPA Hazard Identification System

Safety signs and their intrinsic features

How to conduct Health and Safety Induction

The Top 10 Responsibilities of Any Safety Officer

5 Common Misconceptions about Health and Safety at Workplace

2020-08-05T21:19:00.008+05:00

Health and safety is an important element of any activity at the workplace to ensure the well-being of workers, safety of property and lastly the protection of the environment. As time passes the importance of health and safety become the highest priority of organizations and they consider it an integral part of their all activities but due many reasons few organizations do not practice health and safety. The reason behind non practicing organizations are the misconceptions of health and safety at the workplace and these misconceptions are discussed in this blog. This article is highly recommended for the safety professionals who are either teaching or working organizations where management asks for justifications of health and safety at the workplace.

1. Cost of Health and Safety is more than what its benefits

One of the most common misconceptions about health and safety at the workplace is that it cost too much and increases the cost of activity without adding any value. But, in reality, health and safety at work is the only way to control or lower the cost of any activity by keeping the workplace and workers safe and healthy respectively.

Below are some examples of expenses that can only be avoided by practicing health and safety at work.

First aid and medical expenses if workers get injured

Cost of damaged property 

Cost of downtime

Cost fines due to provision of an unprotected environment

Sick leaves or wages without work

2. Accidents are unavoidable

It is a common misconception that accidents are unavoidable to understand this conceptual incorrect statement let understand the definition of accident i.e. any unplanned event which causes damage or harm to people, property, process, or environment. What we learn from the definition is it is an unplanned event not an unavoidable event where it can be avoided if one works on the principles of health and safety. For example, in a company where the health and safety principles are followed and maintain health and safety systems the accident ratio is zero. But, other companies doing the same job have multiple accidents in a single day because they don’t practice health and safety at their workplace.

This proves that an accident is avoidable or preventable if we practice health and safety at work. Some of the many specific tools to avoid workplace accidents are as under;

3. Drills are just a show-off and a waste of time

It is a famous quote that “practice makes a man perfect” and the health and safety drills are working on the same principle because the human response capacity in real accident scenarios is observed very weakly and some people even undergo accident traumatic conditions. The health and safety drill not only increases the response capacity but also increases the sense of collective response and coordination among the drill participants.

A good example of drill benefit is the response of Morgan-Stanley Company employees’ response during the 9/11 World Trade Center attack. The company security head understood the importance of health and safety drills and he used to practice evacuation drills on a regular basis.

On September 11 when the World Trade Center has attached the security head started an emergency evacuation response as it was planned and practiced and saved 2,678 employees and 250 visitors and his story became the world's most successful story of an emergency evacuation.

4. Health and Safety training is just a formality and a waste of money

No human being is perfect in every ting and there is always some need for improvement. Health and Safety training is the tool that improves that requirement by enhancing the skill of employees to work safely at the workplace.

An important objective of the training is to achieve the skill set of all employees required in a specific working environment. Because in case of any emergency everyone should take is part to respond rather than relying on the other for his own safety. To support this argument we have multiple examples where people who have any health and safety skill set get trapped in accident areas and lose their lives.

5. We cannot make workplace hazard-free

It is commonly misinterpreted and mixes the concept of hazard and risk due to which a misconception regarding hazard-free workplace places originate. According to the definition of hazard by CCOHS, it is anything or action which can cause harm or damage or have the potential to cause harm or damage. Any workplace can be hazardous–free by understanding the six types of hazards and five safety controls. The hazards can be removed from the workplace and make it hazard-free but it is not that simple and it needs the commitment of workers and management to ensure 100% contribution and ownership toward health and safety at work. Further, when we apply elimination control against any hazard the respective workplace becomes hazard-free for that specific hazard.

Conclusion

It is important to understand that nothing is achievable unless it is understood and executed in its true spirit because health and safety is not just a common-sense job it is the most tactful job which needs professionals with skills and experiences. Further, it is the responsibility of health and safety professionals to guide and make others understand the logical correction of all health and safety misconceptions.

For further information on health, safety, and environment below blogs are recommended; NFPA Hazard Identification System

Hazard Types and their Identification

Safety signs and their intrinsic features

How to conduct Health and Safety Induction

The Top 10 Responsibilities of Any Safety Officer

Safety signs and their intrinsic features

2020-06-30T18:56:00.006+05:00

Introduction

Safety Signs are the most effective tool to communicate and create health, safety, and environment relate information and awareness among the staff or workers at the workplace. It is also important to know that the installation of Safety signs is also a compliance requirement as it is considered as an essential part of the overall safety program in all standards and legislation. According to health and safety regulation 1996, the safety signs should be installed at the workplace where they could help in further reducing risk besides the other safety controls but it should not be considered as an alternative of the safety controls.

Safety Signs are classified into five categories by defining their intrinsic features as under;

Warning Signs
Mandatory Signs
Prohibition Signs
Safe Condition Signs
Fire safety or Fire Equipment Signs

The identification of the above mentioned five types of safety signs can be done by the virtue of their intrinsic features that includes shape, and colour (background, text and image). Therefore, we will describe each type of safety signs in detail on the basis of its colour code, text and shape as internationally followed.

1. Warning Signs

Warning signs are safety signs which indicate immediate danger from a hazard or any hazardous condition. Or these signs are used to alert or caution the staff or worker from the hazard or hazardous condition.

The intrinsic features of warning sign are as under;

Background Colour = Yellow
Shape = Triangle
Shape Border Colour = Black
Text or symbol or Feature image = Black

2. Mandatory Signs

Mandatory signs are safety signs which indicate important information which needs to follow by all staff or workers to perform their respective activity in the vicinity. The mandator signs indicate that work can not be done safely without compliance with the information given on the sign. For example, due to COVID - 19 the facemask becomes mandatory PPE where people work in groups and the sign use for communicating information is mandatory to sign.

The intrinsic features of mandatory signs are as under;

Background Colour = Blue
Shape = Circle or Rectangle
Shape Border Colour = Blue
Text or symbol or Feature image = White

3. Prohibition Signs

Prohibition signs are safety signs which indicate forbidding of any act or behaviour in the signage vicinity. The prohibition signs also indicate that the prohibited action could create a hazardous condition if not followed and it applies to all persons who use or visit the signage vicinity. For, example prohibition sign of no smoking, no use of mobile phone, or no use of alcohol etc.

The intrinsic features of prohibition signs are as under;

Background Colour = White
Shape = Circle
Shape Border and Crossline Colour = Red
Text or symbol or Feature image = Black

4. Safe Condition Signs

Safe condition signs are safety signs which indicate the action is permitted in the signage visibility or the facility is available for the persons to work or visit. Safe condition signs are the indicators of acceptable risk areas including welfare facilities, first aid facilities and smoking area.

The intrinsic features of the safe condition signs are as under;

Background Colour = Green
Shape = Rectangle
Shape Border Colour = White
Text or symbol or Feature image = White

5. Fire Safety or Fire Equipment Signs

Fire Safety or Fire Equipment Signs indicate information and instruction about fire safety or fire equipment. As fire safety is itself a broader topic, therefore, it required special signages to indicate fire safety and fire equipment information. Fire safety and equipment signs may include fire warnings, fire alarm indicators, fire extinguishers operating procedures and fire exit directions, etc.

The intrinsic features of fire equipment signs are as under;

Background Colour = Red
Shape = Triangle Or Circle
Shape Border Colour = Red or White
Text or symbol or Feature image = White

Conclusion

The blog is summed up with an important message which needs to be understood by each HSE professional that safety HSE Signs are not an alternative to safety controls and all persons must have awareness or training to understand the meaning of safety signs. Therefore, apply the safety controls as the risk-reducing agent must be the first priority at your workplace. Then to further reduce risk the safety signs and subsequent awareness can be done. Safety signs will add up the effectiveness of controls by creating awareness among staff or workers.

Lastly, the effectiveness of safety signs can be further improved by blending safety signs with technology, for instance, the emergency exit signs become more catchy when electronic features are added or make them illuminate.

For further information on health, safety and environment below blogs are recommended;