Andrea's Random Health Information

Best Beauty Tips and Tricks for Poor College Students

2011-03-18T14:01:00.001-07:00

Being a college student has taught me a lot of important survival skills including how to save money without sacrificing health. Before college and mom-hood I used expensive beauty products, many of which weren’t all that healthy for my skin and hair. Then came the baby and, subsequently, college. My old beauty products were just not financially feasible anymore. I had to find other ways to achieve my desired look. There are a million money saver beauty tips and tricks out there, but after much research and many home trials I’ve narrowed it down to some of the most beneficial and cost effective.

Egg and honey mask: I’m not going to lie, it feels pretty gross, but keep your eye on the prize! If you have dry or normal skin mix one egg with one teaspoon of honey, thoroughly mix and apply to face. Leave on for about 20 minutes and rinse with warm water. If you have oily skin, only use the egg white and honey. And of course don’t use this treatment if you’re allergic to these products. (I had to say it).

Vitamin E oil: This stuff is your friend. Vitamin E is a major ingredient in many expensive skin and hair products. It’s moisturizes, strengthens and detoxifies. Vitamin E is great for scar, stretch mark and minor burn treatment (such as sun burn). It can be added to your shampoo and conditioner (or applied by itself) to make your hair more lustrous and resistant to breakage. Vitamin E oil can help speed healing time for cold sores; it can be added to a bath and it can even be rubbed on your face. When left on overnight, vitamin E oil can help to treat wrinkles. Vitamin E oil is very inexpensive and easy to find. When taken in pill form, vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that helps to eliminate free radicals and strengthen cells (but should be taken cautiously with blood thinners, always consult a physician before starting new supplement regimens).

Soak Nails in Lemon Juice: Soaking nails in lemon juice will make them healthier and stronger. This is also a great treatment for those who have yellow nails as a result of smoking or nail polish removal. About two tablespoons in a bowl of warm water, soak for about 10 minutes, rinse. It’s as simple as that.

Toothpaste Zit Treatment: For the occasional zit, don’t buy an expensive medicated cream to dry it out. A dot of toothpaste left on overnight will work just as well.

Coffee for cellulite reduction: Yes, it’s weird, but clinical studies (as well as my own tests) show that it really works. Just get all warm and wet in the shower (warm water will open pores), then rub coffee grounds all over your problem areas and leave on for about 20 minutes. I wrap myself in plastic wrap for this time to allow for maximum sweating and detoxification.

Cold Water on Face: This will help to eliminate the early morning puffiness of eyes. It works just on good as many of those expensive under eye creams. A cold rag for a couple minutes can be used for more serious cases.

Vitamin C for EVERYTHING: Vitamin C can and should be eaten every day and can be applied directly to the skin. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that will help to eliminate free radicals and it is a key ingredient in the production of collagen. As a result it reduces wrinkles and help to protect skin against pollutants and sun UV rays. Not to mention, vitamin C is a strong guard against cancer cells of most types.

Vitamin C is also a friend to your hair in that it helps to prevent hair loss, breakage and premature graying. It assists in keeping your hair healthy soft and shiny (the good kind of shiny).

Drink Lots of Water: I know you’re not living under a rock and you’ve heard it a million times, but it really does wonders for your skin and hair. Drinking the recommended amount of water daily will help to smooth your skin while bringing it to its utmost softness and clarity. Your hair will also grow healthier, softer and stronger as a result of the detoxifying hydration.

http://www.beautytipshub.com/beauty-tips/home-made-beauty-tips/egg-honey-face-pack.html

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1111426/the_beauty_benefits_of_taking_vitamin.html?cat=69

http://ezinearticles.com/?Healthy-Hair-with-Vitamin-C-Hair-Care&id=1022413

http://www.vitamineoil.org/

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/809961/get_faster_stronger_finger_nails_using.html?cat=69

http://www.acneteam.com/zit-home-remedy.html

http://www.cellulitetalk.org/cellulite-treatment/using-caffeine-for-cellulite-reduction.html

http://fitness.ygoy.com/2009/07/20/caffeine-cellulite-treatment/

http://www.oohoi.com/healthy_living/vitamin-info/vitamin-e-oil.htm

http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/the-benefits-of-vitamin-c

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070910132848.htm

Anti-Stress Eating

2011-01-08T21:12:00.001-08:00

Many of us are faced with stress related challenges and illness. The first thing the doctor tells us to do is eliminate the sources of stress in our lives. That’s easier said than done. Take me for example; I’m a single mother and a college student. I have bills to pay, a beautiful son to raise and good grades to strive for. This causes me a great deal of stress, but none of these are things I can give up. I have to pay the bills, no explanation needed there. I can’t put being a mom on hold. I won’t quit school.

Incorporating stress fighting foods into our daily diets will help to combat the stress in our lives. Adapting to an anti-stress diet and stress relieving activities during a break and at the end of the day can help to significantly lower stress levels. Add a small amount of extra physical activity on top of that, and you’ll be feeling less stressed, better rested and more confident in no time.

The Simple Plan

Add these foods to your regular diet:

· Almonds- Almonds contain nutrients that are involved in the production of serotonin and nutrients that directly suppress the negative effects of stress (Vitamin B₂, magnesium, zinc). They also contain vitamin E which is an antioxidant. (Antioxidants rid the body of free radicals and alleviate stress).

· Asparagus- Asparagus contains a lot of folic acid which is needed to produce serotonin and stabilize mood.

· Avocados

· Blueberries- Blueberries contain extremely high levels of antioxidants, including vitamin C, and fiber.

· Cottage Cheese- rich in vitamin B₆and B₁₂which help to relieve anxiety.

· Beef (2 to 4 servings a week)- Though high in saturated fat, beef contains nutrients that help to stabilize mood, fight stress and produce serotonin (Zinc, B vitamins, iron).

· Milk-Low Fat or Skim- Milk contains tryptophan which is used to produce mood stabilizing and anxiety reliving neurotransmitters (serotonin or 5HTP).

· Whole Grains (oats, rice, granola)– Whole grain sources are rich in vitamin B complexes and pantothenic acid which help to relive stress and anxiety.

· Fish (esp. Mackerel, tuna and salmon) (2 to 4 servings a week)- Choline (a B vitamin needed for the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and omega-3 fatty acids which may help to reduce stress and relive anxiety.

· Cantaloupe, Citrus Fruits- Extremely high in the antioxidant vitamin C.

Why Relieving Stress Is So Important

1. Sleep better- Alleviating stress allows the body to fall asleep faster and get a more recuperative sleep. Inadequate sleep has been linked to mental disorders such as depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia; as well as other problems such as stroke and accidental injury. Adequate sleep is necessary for proper brain development and memory.

2. Live Healthier- Stress can contribute to many ailments ranging in severity from headaches and digestion problems to heart disease.

3. Look Younger- There’s no doubt about it; stress ages the physical appearance of the human body.

4. Be Happier- It is indisputable that stress can make a person cranky, irritable and unpleasant to be around. Stress can play a part in harming the relationships we have with our friends, our children and strangers.

5. Produce More- Stress wears us out. Reliving stress will help to raise energy levels and allow us to be more productive.

What To Avoid When Stressed

1. Alcohol- Turning to medications or alcohol for stress relief has great potential to leading us down a bad path. It teaches one to depend on these chemicals and drugs to get by in a stressful situation. Sooner or later, this method of stress relief becomes an even bigger problem. Always consult a doctor before treating yourself with drugs of any kind.

2. Comfort Foods- Try to avoid comfort foods when stressed, yes it feels good to eat them and may lower your stress levels for a moment while you’re eating it, but if you have chronic stress, you’ll find yourself eating these foods often enough to adversely affect your health. It can cause excess weight gain which leads to lower energy levels and risk for a great deal of health problems. These items include fast food, refined carbs (white bread, doughnuts etc.), and soft drinks.

References
Brumbaugh, M. Y. (2010, Sept. 4). Natural Foods for Stress Relief. Retrieved Jan. 8, 2011, from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/list_6936832_natural-foods-stress-relief.html

Food and Stress. (2010). Retrieved Jan. 8, 2011, from StressFocus.com: http://www.stressfocus.com/stress_focus_article/food-and-stress.htm

Grosvenor, M. R., & Smolin, P. L. (2010). Visualizing Nutrition: Everyday Choices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Scott, M. E. (2009, Dec. 7). Why Stress Management? Learn The Benefits of Stress Relief and Healthy Living. Retrieved Jan. 8, 2011, from About.com: http://stress.about.com/od/understandingstress/a/why_stress_man.htm

The Franklin Institute Online. (2004). Renew - Sleep and Stress. Retrieved Jan. 8, 2011, from FI.edu: http://www.fi.edu/learn/brain/sleep.html

America's Waistline

2010-12-09T21:41:00.000-08:00

Let’s start with some fun facts: In 1999-2000, 64.5% of Americans were found to be overweight, and 30.5% were obese. Extreme obesity was found in 4.7% These result represent a significant increase from the previous couple years.

So why are we getting fatter? Because everything is getting easier! Modern technology is constantly finding ways for the human race to exert less energy for common tasks. Also, we are in an age that has providing our kids with countless ways to entertain themselves without leaving the couch. There is a new video game hitting the shelf almost every week. Along with computer games and TV in general, kids and adults are spending more and more time entertaining themselves without physically doing more than lifting a controller or remote.

There are many other reasons to blame for the increasing weight of America. Our society is becoming more and more fast-paced; as a result, we seek fast food options to fill the hole. With our busy lives we tend not to stop and think about what we are doing to our bodies when we consume these highly processed, deeply fried, overly preserved meal options.

In order to curb childhood obesity we, as parents, must find alternatives to our children’s favorite unhealthy foods. There’s almost always a healthier choice. The alternatives may not always work for them, but many probably will and it’s worth a shot. For example, I get my son natural chicken nuggets from the local natural food store in my area and he loves them. They are a much healthier choice than McDonald’s chicken nuggets which, pretty much, every kid loves. I’ve swapped out my son’s white sandwich bread for whole wheat bread and he didn’t even notice. These, of course, are just some examples that worked for me.

We, as parents, also need to know when to take away the controller and drag our kids outside (figuratively speaking). Kids love to be outside, but they tend to forget that when they get caught up in a video game. Kids usually don’t know when to quit. It’s our job to enforce a healthy amount of physical activity in their daily lives and to not let the video and computer gaming get out of hand.

Works Cited

Dr. Rich. (2002, Oct. 14). Heart Disease. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2010, from About.com: http://heartdisease.about.com/library/weekly/aa101402a.htm

Food. (2009, June 25). Retrieved Oct. 20, 2010, from Kids Health: http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=284&id=1443

Mary L. Gavin, M. (2009, Feb.). Kids and Exercise. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2010, from Kids Health: http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_center/staying_fit/exercise.html

Vincent Iannelli, M. (2008, Dec. 4). Childhood Obesity. Retrieved Oct. 20, 2010, from About.com: http://pediatrics.about.com/od/obesity/a/408_obesity_hub.htm

Nutrient Definitions

2010-12-09T21:30:00.001-08:00

Calories are a measure of the kilocalories in a food source. Kilocalories are also known as food energy, because they are the nutritional energy that food provides.

Proteins are complex amino acids. They are the building blocks for muscle tissue. Proteins are used to repair, regulate and protect the body. There are eight essential amino acids that the body cannot produce and must be consumed in the food we eat.

Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, vegetables, grains and milk products. They supply energy to the body in the form of glucose, which is the primary energy source for the brain, central nervous system and red blood cells. Fibers do not supply glucose to the body, but promote laxation and lower the risk of certain diseases, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes.

Fiber helps to lower bad cholesterol (LDL), also known as Low-Density Lipoprotein, in the blood. Fiber also slows the absorption of sugar which is beneficial to diabetics. Fiber can aid in digestion and water retention by making loose stools firmer and relieving constipation.

Fats supply the body with energy and essential fatty acids. Fats are a source of antioxidants and numerous bioactive compounds. Fats are the building blocks of cell membranes an important role in numerous biological functions. But too much fat can lead to excess weight and increased risk of heart disease.

· Saturated fats generally come from animal products. Saturated fat solidifies at room temperatures. Saturated fat raises cholesterol levels and increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

· Unsaturated fats allow the body to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, and carotenoids.

o Monounsaturated fats may also raise HDL, or good cholesterol, levels.

o Polyunsaturated fats may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease, lower blood pressure and protect the heart from arrhythmia.

§ Linoleic acid (omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) is important for the growth of infants, for membrane health and for healthy blood.

· Alpha (a)-Linolenic acid (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) is involved with neurological development and growth.

Cholesterol helps to build cell membranes, to produce bile acids and to synthesis some hormones.

· Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the "bad cholesterol." LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues that need it. Excess LDL can stick to the walls of the arteries and eventually cause blockages.

· High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are the "good cholesterol." HDL picks up extra LDL circulating in the blood and transports them back to the liver.

Vitamin A helps to make and maintain healthy skin, hair, and mucous membranes. It’s vital to eye help and helps us to see in dim light. Vitamin A is also necessary for proper bone growth, tooth development, and reproduction.

Vitamin C helps to synthesis collagen which is an important a protein that gives structure to bones, cartilage, muscle, and blood vessels. It also helps to maintain capillaries, bones, and teeth, aids in the absorption of iron. Vitamin C also acts as a protective antioxidant preventing the degradation of substances in the body, and as a detoxifier reducing the toxicity of medications and chemicals.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant, that helps protect the body’s immune system. It’s helpful promoting healthy cells, and killing harmful cells in your body. Vitamin E promotes health skin and hair growth and protects skin from ultraviolet rays.

Thiamin is a B vitamin. It helps the body to release energy from carbohydrates. Thiamin plays a vital role in the normal function of the nervous system and the breakdown of whole grains into refined grains.

Riboflavin is a B vitamin that plays a key role in energy metabolism, and for the metabolism of fats, ketone bodies, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Niacin is a B vitamin that helps to prevent pellagra and lower cholesterol.

Folate is a B vitamin that aids in the formation of red blood cells and building genetic material in every cell of the body. It also helps to prevent birth defects.

Vitamin B-6 helps to build proteins and aids in the breakdown of fat for energy.

Vitamin B-12 aids in forming red blood cells, in building genetic material and helps the nervous system function and metabolize protein and fat.

Calcium is a mineral the body uses for building bones and teeth; and it helps to maintaining bone strength. Calcium is also used in muscle contraction, blood clotting, maintenance of cell membranes, regulation of heart rhythm, fluids and ions, such as sodium and potassium.Phosphorus is a mineral that helps the body build strong bones and teeth. It’s also involved in the release of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrates during metabolism, and in the formation of genetic material, cell membranes, and many enzymes.

Magnesium is a mineral that the body uses to build bones, make proteins, release energy stored in muscles, and regulate body temperature.

Iron is a mineral that functions primarily as a carrier of oxygen in the body, both as a part of hemoglobin in the blood and myoglobin in the muscles.

Zinc is a mineral that plays a role in the formation of protein. It also assists in wound healing, blood formation, and general growth and maintenance of all tissues; and is involved in most metabolic processes.

Selenium is a mineral that plays a role in cellular metabolism. It acts as an antioxidant to protect the cell membrane from oxidative damage and helps regulate the thyroid hormone.

Potassium is a mineral that helps in muscle contraction and in maintaining fluid balance in cells. It‘s also important in sending nerve impulses and releasing energy from protein, fat and carbohydrates during metabolism. Potassium may also help to decrease the risk of kidney stones and bone loss.

Sodium is a mineral that plays an essential role in regulating fluids and blood pressure. Sodium helps the body to retain water. (Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 2010).

How to eat to Lose Weight, Raise Energy Levels, Decrease Risk for many disease including heart disease and Improve Quality of life

2010-12-07T00:18:00.000-08:00

Don’t eat to lose weight, eat to be healthy and weight loss will happen at a healthy and moderate to fast rate.

This plan may seem complicated at a glance; it may seem like a lot to remember at first. I found that after about a week or two it becomes second nature and you just easily recall what you should eat next and when. After a little practice you will find that you’re not spending so much time measuring and reading labels.

The relationship between BMI and disease is simple. There is a range of “normal weight” where people live the longest and have the lowest susceptibility to disease. The farther the BMI above normal range the higher risk for diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, breathing problems, and certain cancers. Individuals with a BMI below normal range are also at increased risk for disease. These people tend to have decreased immune ability (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). If you feel you are under weight, you should consult a physician.

Nutrition Plan

If you’re looking to lose weight or decrease your risk disease you should start by removing daily intake of refined carbohydrates. These foods include, but are not limited to, cookies, cakes, candies, biscuits and doughnuts. Next, avoid pan frying anything. Healthier alternatives include steaming, boiling, baking, broiling and grilling.

A healthy diet plan that would help most people lose weight and be healther would include 3 small to medium meals a day, 2 to 3 fairly large snacks and a dessert that is to be eaten before 8pm. It would include at least 2 cups of fruit where a cup equals approximately 2 servings; 3 or more cups of vegetables where a cup equals approximately 2 servings; about 3 servings of milk products; 3 to 4 ounces of grains; about 6 to 8 ounces of lean meat or beans; sometimes certain oils; and a lot of water. Other beverages would include caffeine free tea with low calorie sweetener, fruit juice that can replace a portion of fruit, and coffee with low calorie sweetener and fat free milk if desired which will account for a portion of the dairy for the day (MyPyramid.gov, 2010).

Breakfast should consist of either 2 eggs or 3 egg whites or a cup of granola cereal, 1 and ¼ cup of puffed Kashi™ cereal or the like; and a piece of fruit such as an apple or orange. To drink, breakfast will include caffeine free green tea or caffeine free coffee with low calorie sweetener if desired. It should also include one 6 to 8 ounce glass of low sodium tomato juice.

About 2 and a half hours after breakfast a snack should be scheduled that may consist of a piece of low fat piece of cheese; a 6 ounce non fat yogurt; or 2 to 3 slices of cold cut turkey breast and a piece of fruit. In other words, one serving of dairy and a fruit or one serving of protein and a fruit should be the first snack.

Lunch should include a salad with a variety of vegetables and sliced chicken breast. Or a whole wheat tortilla wrap with low fat and low sodium cold cuts (about 3 or 4 slices depending on size and thickness) and lettuce, spinach thinly sliced carrots, onions, cabbage or any vegetable that sounds appetizing to the patient. Either the salad or the wrap can have a maximum of 3 tablespoons of dressing for taste. Preferably low fat, oil based dressings. Even fat free salad dressing may contain a lot of sodium; hence it is important to use caution when pouring. Lunch should include one or two glasses of water and any other desired beverage in fat free or low calorie form such as low calorie Gatorade or Coke Zero.

About 2 and a half hour after lunch a snack will be planned. This snack should include either a half a cup of cottage cheese, a handful of cherry tomatoes, gluten free rice crackers, baby carrots, a low fat protein bar or something similar to these items and the choice should depend on what was eaten earlier in the day. For example, if breakfast included tomato juice and an apple and the first snack included a plum, then this snack should include baby carrots; gluten free, rice crackers, whole wheat crackers or something similar, but it should not include a piece of fruit. If breakfast included milk and the first snack included a yogurt, then this snack should not include any dairy. This snack should also include a 6 to 8 ounce glass of water.

Everybody’s day is a little different. Some people eat dinner around 5pm, others are just getting off of work at 5pm and don’t eat dinner until 6:30 or 7pm. If dinner is after 6pm then I suggest putting another snack into the schedule. This should be considered when preparing dinner, or course. This snack should consist of either a serving of fruit (about one small apple), or a serving of veggies (about 10 baby carrots) and at least one 8 ounce glass of water. A one ounce block of fat free cheese may be all that is needed to get by until dinner.

Dinner should include 2 to 4 servings of vegetables or about 1 to 2 cups. I recommend providing two different vegetables or vegetable dishes so that it doesn’t seem redundant and to provide a variety of nutrients. For example, asparagus can be one half of the vegetable portion and a mix of steamed zucchini and squash can be the second portion. Dinner should also include 2 to 4 ounces of grains (for women, 1 to 3) depending on the amount of grains consumed earlier in the day. Healthy grains that go good in a variety of dinner recipes include bulgur wheat, couscous, wild rice, whole grain brown rice and quinoa. For example, if breakfast included my recommended amount of cereal and lunch included an 8 inch tortilla (which is equivalent to about 1.5 ounces of grain), then dinner should include about once more ounce equivalent of grain such as 5 whole wheat crackers or half a cup of prepared bulgur wheat. If no grains were eaten earlier in the day, then dinner should contain 1 cup of grains such as a long grain-wild rice mixture. Finally, dinner should include a lean source of protein such as chicken breast, fish or tofu. The portion should be about 5 to 8 ounces depending on how much protein was consumed earlier in the day (MyPyramid.gov, 2010). (Jegtvig, 2008).

Certain items can be eaten in any amount such as spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, asparagus and other green vegetables. Coming up with different way to eat the recommended servings will help to avoid loss of interest. If dinner contain half a cup of bulgur wheat or couscous mixing it with peas and carrots might make it all more desirable. Adopting healthy eating habits such as these will greatly decrease the risk of certain disease. Exercise is also a part of a healthy lifestyle and it also contributes to decreased risk for disease.

Author: Andrea Antczak, RN Student

References

Jegtvig, S. (2008, July 24). What is a serving of fruits or vegetables? Retrieved Dec. 4, 2010, from About.com: http://nutrition.about.com/od/fruitsandvegetables/f/servingfruit.htm

MyPyramid.gov. (2010). Home. Retrieved Dec. 4, 2010, from MyPyramid.gov: http://www.mypyramid.gov/index.html

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk. Retrieved Dec. 2, 2010, from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/lose_wt/risk.htm

Breast Milk or FormulaWhat is Best for Baby?

2010-12-02T18:08:00.000-08:00

By Christina Osgood, RN Student

Breast milk is the purest, most nutritional provisions a baby can be feed. Breast milk is produced specifically for your baby, it is a combination of over 100 vitamins, and minerals your baby will need to help him grow (Breastmilk, 2010). A women’s body will dictate what nutrients are needed depending on the length of time a mother supplies her baby with breastmilk. Colostrum, is a substance that is produce just before a mother gives birth and is supplied with antibodies that are designed to help support the new baby’s immune system by fighting disease (Colostrum, 2010). This is vital to your baby’s current and latent health. Breastfeed babies have shown fewer signs of colic, asthma, ear infections, and a multitude of diseases than formula feed babies (Breastmilk, 2010). In addition to great heath, breastfeed babies benefit from the special contact with the mother and learn safeness and security that comes with breastfeeding.

Other advantages to breastfeeding are it can save the family money. On average, breastfeeding mothers save $2,000 from not having to purchase formula in the first year of their baby’s life (Breastmilk, 2010). However, breastfeeding requires the mother to pump if she is going to get help feeding her child and breast pumps can be very expensive. The mother never has to worry about mixing formula because her milk is always with her and always ready. Breastfeeding can also help maintain a healthy weight for the postpartum mom and can help her body return to its pre-baby state quicker and easier than that of a non-breastfeeding mother (Breastmilk, 2010).

However, in order to produce an adequate amount of milk to supply the baby with all of his nutritional needs, the mother will need to adhere to a healthy diet. It is vital that she take in a large amount of calories everyday to ensure she can supply not only herself, but also her baby’s caloric needs. Side effects of breastfeeding include sore or cracked nipples, engorgements, blocked duct, lack of production of milk, and leakage (Breastmilk, 2010). It is also important that the mother abstain from smoking, drinking, and using harmful drugs or medication that can be passed from mother to baby through breastmilk. Other challenges can include nipple confusion or latching difficulties by baby.

The La Leche league would not recommend bottling feeding but not all mothers are able to breastfeed. Formula is now made with a mother’s natural breastmilk in mind. Formula is fortified with nutrients like those found in the mother’s milk and it is clinically enhanced with vitamins and nutrients to support the baby’s immune system and to promote brain and eye development (Similac, 2010). In addition, it is healthy and safe for baby to ingest. Formula is enhanced with DHA and ARA along with nucleotides, prebiotics, and carotenoids (Similac, 2010).

The formula foundation is making great strides in easing mother’s fears when it comes to feeding their baby formula. However, where would a mom be without the bottle manufactures? Bottles are also being redesigned to ensure baby gets a more natural experience when using bottles over the breast. Synthetic nipples are being mimicked after a natural breast/nipple to aid in a more comfortable and natural feeding processing. Bottles are also designed to relieve gas build up in baby’s system through innovative technology. Dr. Brown’s bottles are vented through a two-piece system. These bottles created a vacuum free feeding system that allows the air to bypass the liquid in the bottle by pushing it to the back or end of the bottle (Dr. Brown’s, 2010). This allows the formula to be air bubble free and baby to eat in comfort. I personally used these bottles with both of my children and they really do work great!

Regardless of breast or bottles, baby’s health and nutrition is the main focus. Breastmilk is best for supplying natural antibodies to protect and build baby’s immune system. However, formula has been redesigned to mimic these vitamins and minerals supplying baby with great support for a healthy future.

Resources

Breastmilk. (2010). Retrieved from http://breastmilk.com/breastfeeding-challenges.php

Colostrum. (2010). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum

Dr. Brown’s baby bottles. (2010). http://www.whatshebuys.com/brands-dr-brown.html

Similac. (2010). Retrieved from http://similac.com/baby-formula/digestive-health-prebiotics

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria...Wait, What?

2010-12-02T00:46:00.000-08:00

WHAT IS IT AND WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?

Antibiotic resistant bacteria (and other germs) are those that have evolved to resist the effects of antibiotics. This is considered one of the world’s most pressing public health problems. Almost every type of pathogenic (disease causing) bacteria has become more resistant to antibiotics to some degree. This is due largely to antibiotic abuse. Before antibiotics the bacterial infection Streptococcus pyogenes was responsible for more than 50% of post-birth deaths in infants. The bacterial infection Staphylococcus aureus killed 80% of people who had infected wounds. (Australian Broadcasting Corporation , 1999). These are bugs that are still common in our everyday lives. People were dropping like flies from fairly common diseases back in those days (before antibiotics) such as bacterial pneumonia (40% of those infected died back then compared to now about 5 to 10% of cases are fatal). (Frame, 2003). If we don’t get a grip on this problem, it will be like that again.

Antimicrobial hand soaps and sanitizers are like antibiotics for the skin. And just like antibiotics, overuse of them are helping to produce antibiotic resistant bacteria. The health care community is trying to raise awareness, because this abuse of antibiotics is creating super bugs on a daily basis and in a decade or two we won't have medication that save us from common sicknesses. Before antibiotics, people who got sick just died half the time. And that's what going to happen again. Our babies and Grandbabies are in great danger. Spread the word!

WHAT CAN WE DO AS INDIVIDUALS?

1.Stop pressuring the doctor for antibiotics! Discuss other relief options to see if they may be beneficial to you instead. It is hard to not pressure a physician for antibiotics when we live in such a fast paced world. Who has the time to be sick? We need to think about the consequences and do it for our future and our kid’s future. This is a problem that will be affecting us in our lifetime, it’s happening rapidly.

Before I was aware of the antibiotic abuse problem in this country, I ran to my son's pediatrician for every little sniffle that he had and practically begged for an antibiotic. As a new mom I couldn't bear the thought of my little precious feeling any kind of discomfort. Now I know that I’m doing him a disservice by hindering his little immune system from developing and aiding in the breeding of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This should not stop us from taking out children to the doctor when they get sick. Parents should ask the doctor about the severity of the illness and if he/she recommends and antibiotic or not. Ask about measures that can be taken to help make the child comfortable while he/she fights off the illness without antibiotics if that’s what the doctor recommends.

2. FINISH YOUR ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION AS PRESCRIBED! Many physicians and health care professionals’ nowa’days explain to their patients the importance of taking antibiotics as prescribed and finishing them. But some still don’t. I was never informed of this issue until about 4 years ago and then again in school. It is important that you don’t stop taking your antibiotic(s) as soon as you start feeling better. Chances are there are still bacteria remaining that will be killed off with the remainder of your medication. If medication is stopped as soon as symptoms go away the remaining bacteria will not only survive, they will grow resistance to the antibiotic.

3. Spread the knowledge! We need to take it upon ourselves to educate our friends and families on this issue and tell them to spread the word.

4. Protect yourselves! Practicing good hygiene and habits such as washing your hands after going to the store or going to a restaurant etc, will help to prevent the spread of disease; Thus minimizing the chances of needing a medication in the first place.

5. Don’t save antibiotics! Antibiotics should not be saved and taken the next time you’re sick. I know people who’ve done this (including me before I knew better). If you have a viral infection, such as a cold or flu, the antibiotic won’t even work; but you will still be allowing the bacteria in your body to grow resistance to the antibiotic if you take it.

6. Never take someone else’s antibiotics! Even if you both have a bacterial infection, their antibiotic may not be appropriate for ailment.

(Antibiotic Resistance Questions & Answers, 2009).

References

Antibiotic Resistance Questions & Answers. (2009, June 30). Retrieved Dec. 2, 2010, from CDC.gov: http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/anitbiotic-resistance-faqs.html

Australian Broadcasting Corporation . (1999). Antibiotics 1928-2000. Retrieved Dec. 2, 2010, from ABC.net: http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/antibiotics/history.htm

Frame, M. P. (2003, April 8). Infectious Diseases- Before Antibiotics? Retrieved Dec. 2, 2010, from NetWellness.org: http://www.netwellness.org/question.cfm/26359.htm

Diet and Hypertension

2010-11-22T22:04:00.000-08:00

Lowering and maintaining a healthy blood pressure requires a commitment to a healthy lifestyle. A hypertension sufferer should not rely solely on medication. A healthy diet and exercise regimen should also be put into place. Doing so will lower the risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke significantly.

What is considered high blood pressure?

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 140/90

Prehypertension 139/89

Healthy Blood Pressure 120/80

Hypotension (Low Blood pressure) 89/59 and lower

Diet and Hypertension

A diet that will help lower and maintain a healthy blood pressure is low in refined sugars, has small portions, contains foods rich in omega 3 and fiber and keeps a safe range of cholesterol (LDL, HDL, and triglyceride) levels. Desirable LDL (a.k.a. bad cholesterol) levels are below 130 and desirable HDL (a.k.a. good cholesterol) levels are above 50. In order to increase her HDL levels one should increase aerobic exercise, quite smoking (if it’s a factor), avoiding trans fats all together, have a drink or two of alcohol a day (but no more because that would increase triglyceride levels), and increase monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber in his/her diet. A patient with hypertension should aim for triglyceride levels to be below 200. Elevated triglycerides are the result of eating too many calories.

Other Considerations

If your doctor puts you on a diuretic for hypertension you should avoid taking Advil (ibuprofen) and all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s) because they inhibit the actions of diuretics and ACE inhibitors.

Food

Eat Suggestions

· Grains- 6 to 8 servings/day	Couscous, long grain rice, quinoa, bulgur wheat
· Fruit- 4 to 5 servings/day	Purple grapes are excellent for BP
· Vegetables- 4 to 5 servings/day	Green leafy raw, steamed asparagus
· Dairy- 2 to 3 servings/day	Cottage cheese, milk, yogurt
· Meat including fish & poultry- 2 or less servings/day	Egg whites
· Fats and Oils- 2 to 3 servings/day	Olive oil
· Nuts and Beans- 4 to 5/WEEK	Lentils, almonds

Don’t Eat Instead

· Sodium

Garlic, chives, oregano, basil, rosemary

Author: Andrea Antczak, Nursing Student

Works Cited

all-about-lowering-cholesterol.com. (2010). Cholesterol level scale and cholesterol charts. Retrieved Oct. 28, 2010, from all-about-lowering-cholesterol.com: http://www.all-about-lowering-cholesterol.com/cholesterol-level-scale.html

Gloria Tsang, R. (2006, May). How to Lower Triglycerides? Retrieved Oct. 28, 2010, from HealthCastle.com: http://www.healthcastle.com/triglycerides.shtml

Richard N. Fogoros, M. (2010, April 28). Raising Your HDL Levels. Retrieved Oct. 28, 2010, from About.com: http://heartdisease.about.com/cs/cholesterol/a/raiseHDL.htm

RxList.com. (2009, June 24). Diuril. Retrieved Nov. 10, 2010, from RsList.com: http://www.rxlist.com/diuril-drug.htm

WebMD.com. (2010). High Blood Pressure Diet. Retrieved Nov. 9, 2010, from WebMD.com: http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/high-blood-pressure-diet?page=2

Pain Management

2010-11-22T21:02:00.000-08:00

Chronic pain is a very real ailment that should never be ignored or underestimated. It is persistent pain that lasts over a period of weeks, months or even years. It can be devastating and negatively affect the overall quality of one’s life.

It may have an obvious underlying cause or be the direct result of a past injury, but in many cases the cause isn’t known. Types of chronic pain include central pain which is caused by damage to or dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord; and neuropathic pain which is caused by tissue damage. Common causes of central pain include, but are not limited to, brain and spinal cord trauma, stroke and epilepsy. Neuropathic pain is caused by physical injury to nerve fibers resulting in incorrect signals being sent to the brain. (American Chronic Pain Association, 2010).

There are many ways pain medication is delivered to the body. The method chosen for a patient will reflect the sight, the severity and the cause of the pain. The intrathecal delivery system delivers the medication directly to the spine via a pump that is surgically placed between the skin and muscle of the abdominal area. The intrathecal delivery system is adequate for a sufferer who’s tried most other conservative methods without sufficient results. This method will minimize the side effects of the pain medication and maximize the results. (George Mandybur, Bobbie Ryan, & Scott Basham, 2009). The least invasive way medication is delivered is orally. There are a great number of oral medications prescribed for pain. Many of these are narcotics and are highly addictive. Some pills are meant to be absorbed in the mouth or under the tongue (sublingually). Pain medications are also administered via injection. These routes include intravenous (directly to bloodstream), subcutaneous (into the fatty tissue), and intramuscular (into muscle). Another method is the transdermal delivery system. This is the use of a patch containing pain medication that sticks directly to the skin where it will be absorbed over a period of 48 to 72 hours. And, finally, pain medication can be administered rectally via a suppository or a needless injection, for patients who cannot swallow pain pills. (ACOR Inc., 2007).

Pain medication can offer much anticipated relief to a patient with chronic pain. This will improve the quality of life for the individual. Pain medication will give the sufferer a chance to live a normal life and participate in activities they participated in before the pain started. The absence of pain is likely to improve the psychological state of the patient. Pain relief may improve symptoms of depression, anger, anxiety, sadness or even suicidal thoughts. (Stanford School of Medicine, 2010).

Although pain medication offers a number of beneficial responses, it also has many undesirable effects as well. Over the counter pain relievers such as Tylenol and NSAID’s may cause liver damage. And prescription pain killers often carry the risk of addiction and other serious side effects. One may not realize they are even addicted until they stop taking the medication and immediately feel overwhelming sickness and pain that is worse than it was before they started the medication. (National Library of Medicine, 2010). Long term use of pain medication will wear down one’s organs. It can lead to liver failure, kidney failure, and heart attack. Pain killers also carry many undesirable side effects that a patient may choose to endure in the pursuit of pain relief.

The side effects of pain medication can be mild to severe; however, most pain medication users will experience them to some degree. These side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, loss of appetite, indigestion problems, skin problems, vision problems, acne, respiratory problems, psychological problems and more. Indigestion problems include nausea, vomiting, constipation, stomach ache, diarrhea, and difficulty urinating. Skin problems include itchiness and sensitivity. Vision problems include blurred vision and spidery lines at the edges of vision. Respiratory problems include difficulty breathing, increased heart rate and hyperventilation. Psychological problems include confusion, hallucinations, agitation and depression. (Pradnya, 2010).

Chronic pain can be costly. Possible costs of chronic pain include doctor appointment, chiropractor appointments, medications, loss of work, hired help and assistance devices. Pain killers cannot be called into the pharmacy, nor can a patient receive more than a month supply at a time. Thus, in order to receive pain medications, a patient must see the doctor at least once a month. Many pain management doctors ask that you receive other forms of treatment for the pain along with the medication such as massages, chiropractics, acupuncture etc. Then there’s the cost of the prescription. If the patient has insurance they will have to pay their prescription deductable, if not, they will have to pay for each pill. In many cases, chronic pain will cost the person their job, hence their insurance. (Griffin, 2005).

Chronic Pain is a serious problem that has the potential to ruin someone’s life. If not treated, in many cases, it’s progressive and debilitating. Pain medication can offer relief and a chance for a chronic pain sufferer to live a normal life, but there are many side effects and other dangers associated with pain medication. These options need to be weighed out with a doctor who’s knowledgeable in pain management.

Author: Andrea Antczak, Nursing Student

References

ACOR Inc. (2007, Jan. 17). Pain medication delivery. Retrieved Oct. 25, 2010, from Cancer-Pain.org: http://www.cancer-pain.org/treatments/medication.html

American Chronic Pain Association. (2010, Oct. 26). Conditions A to Z. Retrieved Oct. 25, 2010, from ACPA.org: http://www.theacpa.org/7/Conditions.aspx

George Mandybur, M., Bobbie Ryan, R., & Scott Basham, N. (2009, April). intrathecal drug pump. Retrieved Oct. 25, 2010, from MayfieldClinic.com: http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE- PUMP.htm

Griffin, R. M. (2005, Jan. 31). The Cost of Pain. Retrieved Oct. 26, 2010, from MedicineNet.com: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=50430

National Institue of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2010, July 24). Chronic Pain Information Page. Retrieved Oct. 25, 2010, from NINDS.gov: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chronic_pain/ chronic_pain.htm

National Library of Medicine. (2010, August 9). Pain Medications. Retrieved Oct. 26, 2010, from MedLinePlus: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002123.htm

Pradnya, S. (2010). Pain Killer Side Effects. Retrieved Oct. 26, 2010, from Buzzle.com: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pain-killer-side-effects.html

Stanford School of Medicine. (2010). Psychological Therapy. Retrieved Oct. 26, 2010, from Stanford Pain Management Center: http://paincenter.stanford.edu/patient_care/therapy.html

Obesity

2010-11-22T18:42:00.000-08:00

My weight has fluctuated a lot over the past few years. As a result I understand the difficulties associated with weight loss and maintaining a healthy weight. I'm happy to report now that I'm very close to MY ideal weight (not to be confused with my "IBW" which is what "they" say I'm supposed to weigh. But anyway, here's a paper I'm working on for my nutrition class. It's a fairly organized compilation of the results of my research. Sources are cited. I hope you like it and learn something from it :) If you, yourself, are not struggling with obesity, chances are you know someone who is. Circulate the knowledge.
(I'm working on my transitions and conclusion still :)

Overview

Obesity is a condition of excess fat deposits accumulated around the body. Obesity reduces one’s overall quality of life and poses many health risks. Everyone is at risk for obesity, but some are more so than others. Obesity is a common concern in the United States and cases of childhood obesity are rising rapidly. Treatment of obesity requires more than taking a pill or eating some vegetables. It requires construction and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. Nursing for the obese patient requires special considerations and a thorough understanding of what it is and how it’s affecting the patient’s life. The first step in understanding a patient’s weight problem is figuring out how many pounds overweight they are.

Calculating Ideal Body Weight

Obesity is diagnosed in people who weight 30 or more pounds over their ideal body weight (IBW). People who weigh 40 or more pounds over their IBW are considered morbidly obese. Ideal body weight is calculated in men by starting with a base weight of 110 pounds and adding 5.06 pounds for every inch the man is over five feet in height. In women, IBW is calculated by using 100.1 pounds as a base weight and adding 5.06 pounds for every inch in height the woman is over 5 ft. For example, a woman who is five feet and three inches tall has an IBW of 115.28 pounds. If this woman weighs 168 pounds she is 52.72 pounds overweight and is considered morbidly obese. (ManuelsWeb.com, 2006). What causes this to happen?

Complications
Calories are converted into energy by the human body. If the intake of calories is higher than the body needs for the person’s activity level, the calories will be converted into and stored as fat. The more fat that is stored the greater the risk for complications. Complications that may be caused by obesity include, but are not limited to, low energy level, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, cataracts, certain cancers, worsening arthritis, gout, joint problems, back pain, infertility, sleep apnea, urinary incontinence, depression caused by a poor self image, and death. (Carson-DeWitt, 2010). Many people are facing these risks and ailments due to obesity.
Statistics

There are over 1 billion overweight adults in the world. At least 300 million of them are obese. In 2006 the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) estimated that 32.7 percent of U.S. adults 20 years and older where overweight; 34.3 percent are obese and 5.9 percent where morbidly obese. By 2008 that number rose to 33.8 percent; 32.2 percent of men and 35.5 percent of women. In 2008 18 percent of adolescences; 20 percent of children ages 6 to 11; and 10 percent of children ages 2 to 5 were obese in the United States. (Obesity in America, 2010). Obesity rates in America have slowed in recent years compared to the dramatic increase in obesity in previous decades. This may be because so many American’s are already overweight. Obesity rates among children are still increasing at an alarming rate.

Childhood Obesity

Obesity in children has more than tripled in the past 30 years. A child who is obese has a greater chance of being obese as an adult and has a shorter life expectancy. Obesity in children and adolescence increases the risk for stigmatization, low self-esteem and depression. These kids also have greater risk for bone and joint problems, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea. Parents greatly influence the dietary intake of their children which is directly linked to their body weight. It is important for parents to provide their children with a variety of different meals and healthy snacks to help ensure the development of good lifestyle choices. A child daily diet should include fruit, vegetables, grains, meat and dairy. A child should not be expected to completely avoid junk foods that cause obesity, but he/she needs to learn moderation and how to compensate with healthy food. For example, a child should not be instructed to not eat a piece of cake at a birthday party, this may cause the child to feel singled out or humiliated. Instead, the parent should provide fruit for dessert that night. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2010). There are many more things that can be done to fight obesity.

The Fight

To begin the fight against obesity one must make changes in their lifestyle. These changes should not be viewed as temporary and need to be maintained after the weight is lost. A slow, steady decrease in calorie consumption while maintaining or even increasing nutrient intake will help to decrease body weight. Physical activity needs to be implemented into the weight loss and lifestyle plan as well. The chances of acquiring an obesity related complication will decrease by doing these things. An obese patient should eat approximately two cups of fruit and two and a half cups of vegetables a day. The fruits and vegetables chosen each day should vary. At least 3 ounces of whole grains should be eaten daily and about 3 cups of fat-free milk. Only lean meats should be eaten during the weight loss process such as turkey and chicken breast. After the desired weight is achieved other meats, such as beef, should be consumed in moderation. The obese patient should eat about 2000 calories a day and less than 10 percent of those calories should be from saturated fats. Daily cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg. Trans fats should always be avoided. Alcohol consumption should be avoided all together during the weight loss process. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005).

How much physical activity do you need?
Calorie Calculations: The body burns approximately 4.5 calories per pound for every hour of running; about 3.6 calories per pound every hour of playing basketball; and about 2.7 calories per pound for every hour of weight lifting.
To Lose Weight: About 300 minutes of moderate physical activity a week (along with decreased calorie intake)
To Maintain Weight: About 150 minutes of moderate activity and 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week (along with a healthy diet that eats fats and sugars in moderation). Keep in mind that it varies from person to person.

Dietary Recommendations Children

Dietary recommendations are different for children and adolescents. Obese children should gradually reduce their calorie intake as well with a goal of approximately 1500 to 2000 calories a day. But for kids, 30 to 35 percent of these calories should be from fat. The focus of fat intake for an obese child is making sure the fats are mostly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. These types of fats can be obtained from fish, nuts and vegetable oils. Children who are trying to lose weight should avoid sodas, potato chips, cookies, pizza, sugary cereals and any other source of refined carbohydrates. After the desired weight is achieved, these foods should be eaten in moderation in addition to adequate physical activity. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005).

Nursing Care for the Obese Patient

Learning how to eat healthy can be difficult process at first for the obese patient. It is the nurse’s job to understand the difficulties that an obese patient is dealing with on a daily basis. Besides physical health problems, they may be suffering from psychological health problems as well. They may be angry, embarrassed and/or depressed. A nurse should look for signs of depression and try to make the patient comfortable talking about it. The patient needs to be monitored closely during the first few weeks of treatment and encouragement should be given as much as possible. It is the nurse’s job to educate the patient on proper diet and activity to achieve the desired outcome. Also, the nurse must make sure that the patient understands the actions of the medications he/she is taking, how to take them properly and the possible side effects. (Harris RN, 2008).

Obesity is a danger to one’s health and a common problem in America. It is a struggle that many people deal with on a daily basis. Losing weight is not an easy process, especially in someone who is 30 pounds or more over weight. Adequate lifestyle changes need to be made in order to have a fighting chance against obesity. Education on how to eat and exercise properly should be obtained from a qualified health care professional. Obesity is a condition that is never considered safe and no one should strive to be overweight for any reason.

References

1. Carson-DeWitt, M. R. (2010, Oct. 15). Overweight (Obesity; Morbid Obesity). Retrieved Nov. 10, 2010, from AuroraHealthCare.org: http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourhealth/healthgate/getcontent.asp?URLhealthgate="11647.html"

2. Harris RN, M. H. (2008, June). Nursing care of the morbidly obese patient. Retrieved Nov. 10, 2010, from NursingCenter.com: http://www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=788177

3. ManuelsWeb.com. (2006). IBW & ABW calculator. Retrieved Nov. 19, 2010, from ManuelsWeb.com: http://www.manuelsweb.com/IBW.htm

4. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2010, June 3). Childhood Obesity. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2010, from CDC.gov: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/index.htm

5. Obesity in America. (2010). Statistics . Retrieved Oct. 28, 2010, from Obesity In America.: http://www.obesityinamerica.org/statistics/index.cfm

6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2005). Dietary Guidelines for American's . Retrieved Nov. 21, 2010, from cnpp.usda.gov: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2005/2005DGPolicyDocumen t.pdf

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