Business Communication

Define downward communication,the purposes of downward communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 12:15:00 +0000

What is downward communication?,What are the purposes of downward communication?

When information flows from the superiors to the subordinates then it is known as downward communication. When the manager of the sales department provides an order or direction to the assistant manager of the same department, then it is a case of downward communication.

Prof. R. Pal & Korlahlli said, “Downward communication flows from a superior to a subordinate.”

In the words of Prof. K. Davis & J. W. Newstorm, “Downward communication in an organization is the flow of information from higher to lower levels of authority.”

Prof. S. P Robbins said, “Communication that flows from one level of a group or organization to a lower level is a downward communication.”

Downward communication can be depicted as follows:

Fig: 6 downward communications

In short information that flows to downward from up can be termed as downward communication.

Purposes/objectives of downward communication:

in any organization most of the managerial communications are completed in the form of downward communication. It is basically used for providing directions or to inform matters relating to the tapes of the employees. Major purposes can be stated in the following manner:

1. Provide directions:
Downward communication usually used for providing direction regarding the accomplishment of the job.

2. Explanation of policies:
Polices are prepared by the top management but implemented by the lower level employees. Thus for better implementation, polices need to be explained through downward communication.

3. Point out problems:
If any problem is indentified by the top management then they need to inform the employees regarding the problem by downward communication.

4. Assignment of goals:
Targets or goals of the different departments also informed to the employees of respective departments through downward communication.

5. Offer feedback:
To judge the quality of the job, executives need continuous feedback. By downward communication executives can offer feedback to the employees.

6. To inspire:
For the fulfillment of the goal employees need to be inspired by the executives. By using the downward channels executives can provide inspiration to the employees for the accomplishment of the organizational goals.

Hello guys here you will get another Related Post:

http://businesscommunicationnew.blogspot.com/2011/09/difference-between-vertical-and.html

The difference between vertical and horizontal communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 09:29:00 +0000

What is difference between vertical and horizontal communication

In vertical communication information are exchanged between superiors and subordinates of an organization. But in case of horizontal communication information are exchanged between the employees of same level. The major differences between vertical and horizontal communication are as follows:

Subject	Vertical communication	Horizontal communication
1.Definition	When information is exchanged between superiors and subordinates of an organization then it is known as vertical communication.	In case of horizontal communication information are exchanged of same rank of an organization.
2.Degree of formality	Vertical communication is more formal than horizontal communication.	It can use both formal and informal channels of communication.
3.Media	It may use both written & oral media, but basically uses the written media.	On the other hand this type of communication more dependent on the oral media.
4.Co-ordination	It enhances the co-ordination between superiors and subordinates.	Co-ordination between the employees of different departments increased through horizontal communication.
5.Secrecy	In this case secrecy can be maintained.	In case of horizontal communication maintaining the secrecy is difficult.
6.Time	As it follows the formal chain it takes more time to transmit messages.	As both formal and informal channels are followed, information can be exchanged faster than vertical communication.

Hello guy here you also will get More information:

http://businesscommunicationnew.blogspot.com/2011/09/what-are-factors-that-encourage.html

What are the factors that encourage grapevine activity?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 09:21:00 +0000

The factors that encourage grapevine activity

What are the factors that encourage grapevine activity?

Grapevine is the product of the situation, it is not created by a person; rather any even or attractive phenomenon can lead a man to initiate grapevine.

The major factors that encourage grapevine are as follows : (Keith Davis and J. W. Newstrom : 202, p.69 ).

1. Excitement and insecurity
2. Involvement of friends and associates
3. Recent information
4. Procedure that brings people into contact
5. Work that allows conversation
6. Job that provides information desired by others
7. Personality of communicator

Business communication Articles

Examples:

   i. Introduction of new technology
   ii. Lay offs
   iii. Take over’s
   iv. Promotions
   v. Transfers
   vi. Disciplinary action against any employee etc.
   You also get: http://businesscommunicationnew.blogspot.com/2011/09/what-is-horizontal-communicationmerits.html

What is Horizontal Communication?,Merits and Demerits of Horizontal Communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 03:55:00 +0000

Definition of Horizontal Communication

What do you mean by horizontal communication? Explain merits/importance and demerits of horizontal communication.

When an employee of same level communicates each other than it can be labeled as horizontal communication. It helps employees to perform the task efficiently.

In the words of R. Pal and Korlahalli, “Communication between department or people on the same level in the managerial hierarchy of an organization may be termed as horizontal or lateral communication.”

Thus it can be stated that exchange of information between same level employees of different departments in horizontal communication.

Horizontal communication can be shown by the following configuration:

Fig: 5 Horizontal communications

A: Downward Vertical Communication

B: Upward Vertical Communication.

Merits/Importance/Advantages of horizontal communication:

Advantages of horizontal communication are as follows:

1. Better Understanding:
Horizontal communication ensures better understanding, accordingly employees of different division able to perform their job more efficiently.

2. Coordination:
Direct communication by breaking the vertical channel strengthens the bondage between employees of different departments which helps to boost up co-ordination.

3. Increase Productivity:
Horizontal communication minimizes the problems of understanding among various departments as a result, productivity increased.

4. Better implementation of decision:
Decisions are made by top management but they are executed by the lower level employees. When lower level employees allowed communicating each other through horizontal communication, it helps to realize the policy and ensures better implementation of decision.

5. Motivation:
Horizontal communication not only increases the level of coordination but also facilitates the task of motivation.

6. Cordiality:
Due to the free flow of information cordiality among the employees increases considerably.

7. Employee morale:
Better understanding and cordial environment also boost-up the morale of the employees.

8. Teamwork:
In any organization for some specific purposes teamwork is essential. Horizontal communication is a prerequisite for successful teamwork.

9. Job Satisfaction:
Another major advantage of horizontal communication is, it increases job satisfaction of the employees. By ensuring cordial atmosphere and lifting the morale of employees horizontal communication plays a vital role in increasing the job satisfaction.

Disadvantages/Demerits:

Disadvantages of horizontal communication are as follows:

1. Lack of control:
Sometimes too much horizontal communication creates problem for the management and controlling may become difficult as the horizontal communication increases.

2. Conflict:
By passing the vertical channel horizontal communication allows the employees to communicate freely but sometimes it leads to personal conflict.

3. Time consuming:
Communication in addition to vertical instruction may delay the implementation of decision.

4. Lack of discipline:
As strict rules are not followed organizational discipline also can be hampered in horizontal communication.

What is vertical communication?,Advantages and disadvantages of vertical communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 03:43:00 +0000

Define vertical communication.advantages and disadvantages of vertical communication

The official communication that takes place between superiors and subordinates are known as vertical communication. This is the most common form of communication of an organization. It can be downward or upward.

Vertical communication can be depicted by the following diagram:

A. Manager >>>>>>> Subordinate

B. Manager>>>>>>>> Subordinate.

Fig: 4 Vertical communications

A: Downward vertical communication

B: Upward vertical communication.

Advantages of vertical communication:

1. Discipline:
In vertical communication official channels are used thus strict discipline can be maintained.

2. Record:
As it follows the formal media it has documentary evidence which can be used in future.

3. Provide direction:
Instructions or directions for proper implementation of official functions can be transmitted through vertical communication.

4. Feedback:
Both downward and upward communications are allowed in vertical communication which ensures proper feedback.

5. Recognition:
Vertical communication is one of the recognized media of internal communication.

6. Co-ordination:
Both wary communications under vertical system ensures coordination among the employees.

7. Dependable:
Information transmitted through vertical communication are authentic and dependable.

Disadvantages of vertical communication:

1. Time consuming:
As it follows the official channels it is a time consuming process.

2. Lack of flexibility:
Vertical communication is not flexible, thus failed to cope up with the changed situation.

3. Lack of creativity:
In vertical communication employees become mechanized and want to go by books. As a result they become less creative.

The difference between formal and informal communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 10:13:00 +0000

Difference between formal and informal Business communication

Difference between formal and informal communication are as follows:

Subject	Formal Communication	Informal Communication
1.Definiation	When communication takes place through the formal official channels then it is known as formal communication.	Any communication by passing the formal channels can be termed as informal communication.
2.Flexibility	Formal communication is not flexible.	It is flexible.
3.Degree of control	Formal communication is totally controlled by the management.	It cannot be controlled like formal communication.
4.Evidence	It has documentary evidence.	It has no documentary evidence.
5.Discipline	Official discipline is strictly maintained in formal communication.	Official decorum and discipline are not followed.
6.Flow of information	In formal communication information can flow only upward and downward.	But in informal communication information flows freely to all direction.
7.Speed	Here speed of communication is slow.	Informal channels are very fast; here information can be transmitted instantly.
8.secrecy	In case of formal communication secrecy can be maintained.	Here maintaining secrecy is very difficult.
9.Rumor	There is no scope for creation of rumor in formal communication.	Due to its flexible nature rumor can be created.
10.Distortion	Generally information is not distorted.	As official decorum is not followed information can be distorted.
11.Time	It is time consuming.	Less time is taken for transmitting information.
12.Misunderstanding	In case of formal communication caution, there is almost no chance of misunderstanding.	Due to lack of control misunderstanding can takes place?
13.Cost	It is expensive.	It is less expensive than formal communication.
14.Mistakes	As official discipline is maintained chance of mistakes is very low.	On the other hand, as strict rules are not followed possibility of mistakes is very high.

What is Grapevine?,what is Grapevine Business Communication?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 16:28:00 +0000

Define Grapevine,Features of Grapevine communication

Define Grapevine. What are the features of grapevine?

The grapevine is an informal communication system. It consists of gossip and rumor. More information can be transmitted through grapevine. There is a negative idea about grapevine but the reality is it coexists with the formal communication system.

In the words of Prof. Keith Davis, “Grapevine arises from social interaction; it is as fickle, dynamic and varied as people are. It is the exercise of their freedom of speech and is a natural, normal activity.”

Features:

The most common informal communication network in an organization is grapevine. According to Prof. J. W. Newstrom and Others, “Grapevine has three main characteristics:

1. It is not controlled by management.
2. It is perceived by the most employees as being more believable and reliable.
3. It is largely used to serve the self interest of those people within it.

Now features of grapevine can be discussed in the following manner:

1. Flexibility:
As there is no formal control on grapevine it is more flexible than any other forms of communication.

2. Lack of control:
Infect management has no control over the grapevine.

3. Rapid communication:
It is faster than other formal or informal channels.

4. No record:
There is no documentary evidence of grapevine that can be produced as future reference.

5. Used for self interests:
Grapevine is basically used for the self interest of the employees.

6. Popular among employees:
Grapevine is very much popular media among the employees. It is more believable and reliable than formal communication.

7. Distortion:
One of the major characteristics of grapevine is message are distorted as it passes from man to man.

8. Spontaneous:
Grapevine is spontaneous, it passes automatically from top to bottom of the organization, no one needs to be urged to deliver.

What is Communication Environment?,The essential factors of communication environment

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 04:31:00 +0000

The essential factors of communication environment,communication environment

What do you mean by communication environment?

In real world situation communication takes place among persons in family, in workplace or in the social gatherings. Infect communication is not an isolated things > it is within us and we are within it. Thus communication is influenced by the surrounding elements, which constitute the communication environment.

In the words of Prof. Lesikar and Pettit, “This is the sensory environment, in which we find ourseves throughout every walking movement.”

Finally it can be stated that, the communication environment includes all the elements by which the communication process is influenced.

The essential factors of communication environment

Or, the factors of communication environment

Essential factors of communication environment are as follows:

Two or more persons:
It is the first element of communication environment. To make a communication there must be at least two persons.

Willingness to communicate:
The second most important factor of the communication environment is the willingness of the both parties or all the parties to communicate.

Objectives of communication:
The communication environment also influenced by the objectives or purposes of communication of the all concerned parties.

Media of communication:
selection of media of communication has a strong influence on the communication system.

Response of the receiver (Feedback):
Another indispensable factor of communication is the response of the receiver. Infect without feedback the communication process is not completed.

Barriers:
Where there is communication there must be some barriers. It may be physical, semantic or organizational. Whatever it is, barriers influence the communication environment considerably.

Background of the parties:
Last but not the least, the educational, social and religious backgrounds of the sender and receiver are considered as one of the active factors of communication environment.

what is informal communication?,informal business communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 12:17:00 +0000

Informal communication,informal define

businesscommunicationnew

what is informal communication?,advantages and disadvantages of informal communication

Define informal communication. What are the characteristics of informal communication?

Formal channels are not only media of communication. In an organization a considerable portion of communication are completed through informal channels. Communication without using formal channel is known as informal communications.

In the words of Thill and Bovee, “informal communication travels along the organization’s unofficial lines of activity and power.”

S.P. Robbins said, “Informal communication if free to move of any direction, skip authority levels and is as likely to satisfy group members, social needs.”

In short informal communication takes place among different level of employees by-passing the formal network.

Characteristics/Features of informal communication:
1. Organizational hierarchy not followed
2. Free flow of information
3. Rapid communication
4. Information may be distorted
5. Lack of evidence.

The advantages and disadvantages of informal communication.

Advantages of informal communication are as follows:

1. Free flow of information:
As no formal channel is maintained information can flow freely among the employees of the organization.

2. Rapid communication:
In case of informal communication messages can be transmitted to the ultimate recipient faster than formal communication.

3. Suitable for motivation:
In modern days many communication experts advocated that informal communication is more appropriate for motivating employees.

4. Remove mental distances:
Through informal communication employees can share their views on any problem. As a result mental distances are reduced.

5. Increase enthusiasm:
Due to the very nature of informal communication it allows lower level employees to communicate freely with the top management. Accordingly problems of lower level employees can be minimized and their enthusiasm increased.

6. Evaluation of employees:
Sometimes it is necessary for the management to evaluate the attitudes of the employees. Through informal communication management can come closer to the operational level employees and judge their attitudes clearly.

7. Supportive:
Informal communication is not just a separate system of exchanging information; it is also supportive to the formal communication. Meaning of formal communication can be clarified by the informal communication.

8. Increase co-operation:
Co-operation among the employees increased by informal communication.

9. Flexibility:
One of the major advantages of informal communication is flexibility. Infect it is popular among the employees for its flexibility. It can adopt with the demand of the situation.

10. Enhance mutual trust:
By removing mental distance informal communication also enhance the mutual trust between the management and employees.

Disadvantages of the informal communication:

1. Lack of control:
Sometimes informal communication damages the official decorum which lead to lack of control.

2. Distortion:
Another major limitation of informal communication is, there is a chance of distortion of messages as it passes from top to bottom.

3. Rumor can take place:
By taking the opportunity of informal communication rumor can take place. If rumor is not properly controlled it can be detrimental to the organization.

4. Not reliable:
Informal communication is not reliable and can not be used safely.

5. No documentary evidence:
Another demerit of informal communication is it has no documentary evidence.

6. Secrecy not maintained:
A major loophole of the informal communication is secrecy of the information is not maintained. Thus sometimes interest of the organization may be hampered.

7. Conflict:
Due to lack of control information may be distorted, which may lead to internal conflict among the employees.

8. Chance of error:
As official chain and procedures are not followed, chance of error increase. Fraudulent activities also can take place.

What is feedback?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 12:20:00 +0000

Define feedback,Principle of feedback

businesscommunicationnew

What is feedback? Briefly discuss the features of feedback.

Or, Define feedback. What are the principles of effective feedback?

Feedback is the final step of communication process. Infect communication loop/cycle completes with the feedback.

In words of S.P. Robbins, “Feedback determine whether of not understanding has been achieved”- that is through feedback we can realize whether the message is understood by the receiver or not.

In short feedback is the response of the receiver.

Principles/Features of feedback:
Feedback is essential for the completion of successful communication. Features of effective communication are as follows:

1. Specific:
Feedback should be specific. Ambiguity or double meaning should be avoided.

2. Clear:

Another important feature of feedback is clearness. That is the response of the receiver must be clear.

3. Immediate:
In case of face to face or oral communication feedback should be given immediately. In case of written communication it should be provided as early as possible.

4. Detail:
feedback should be provided in detail. Short or brief feedback may be misleading, thus it should be detail enough to express the actual view.

5. Complete:
Feedback should be not only detail but also complete. Incomplete feedback is confusing and meaningless.

6. Spontaneous:
Feedback should not be provided just as a part of formality – it should be given spontaneously.

7. Understandable:
an indispensable principle of feedback is it must be easily understandable. For successful completion of communication, feedback needs to be understandable by the sender.

These are the principles of effective feedback which should be followed by a receiver to make the communication successful.

How to overcome communication barriers?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 12:03:00 +0000

How barriers to communication can be overcome?

businesscommunication

How the influence of barriers can be minimized?

Or, how barriers to communication can be overcome?
Or, how barriers to communication can be removed?

To make effective communication, barriers need to be removed. Following measures can be taken to minimize the adverse effect to barriers.

1. You-view approach:
To minimize the perception problem the sender should collect information regarding the attitude, level of knowledge and background of the receiver.

2. Observing the receiver:
To overcome listening barriers in a face to face situation the sender should try to realize the understanding level of the receiver through his or her (receiver’s ) eye movement and facial expression. By observing the receivers, his/her reaction can be explained and corrective action can be taken.

3. Noise Minimization:
To eliminate physical barriers noise should be minimized.

4. Choice of proper media:
Another way of minimizing physical barriers is choosing right media for right person.

5. Avoid wrong words:
Wrong word should be avoided to minimize semantic or language barriers.

6. Explanation of jargon:
If technical words or jargons used then explanation of technical words also should be provided.

7. Avoid unnecessary information:
To overcome information overload unnecessary information should be avoided. Priorities should be given for the necessary information.

8. Guideline for complex messages:
To overcome the barriers of complex messages one should try to keep messages as simple as possible. Moreover guidelines can be provided with the complex messages.

9. Secure attention:
A particular individual or receiver should not be asked to answer different message at the sometime. In this way barriers of message competition can be overcome.

10. Willingness to give and receive bad news:
The status barriers which creates communication gap can be resolved by increasing the willingness of upper level and lower level employees to receive and give negative news.

11. Employees’ participation in decision making:
To overcome trust barriers top management should share information with employees. Moreover employees’ participation in decision making will also minimize trust problems.

12. Ensure ethical communication:
to avoid unethical problems message should be completely truthful and not deceptive.

What are the barriers to effective communication?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 13:08:00 +0000

Business communication Process,communication process,Barriers of communication

businesscommunicationnew

What are the barriers to effective communication?

What are the barriers to effective communication?

Or, the barriers of communication process

“Different man- different minds”, it is more than true in case of communication. Without any physical barriers, simply due to psychological differences a message can be misunderstood by the receiver.

Physical barriers like noise, listening problem, geographical distance etc. are also common barriers in case of communication.

Barriers to effective communication can be classified as follows:

a. Personal barriers

b. Physical barriers

c. Semantic barriers

d. Organizational barriers

A. Personal Barriers:
Personal barriers have a strong effect on communication. Personal barriers are as follows:

1. Emotions

2. Differences in perception

3. Listening

4. Psychological distance

1. Emotion:
it can affect the development of an idea, method of transmission and decoding process. Emotional biases restrict people to understand the real meaning.

2. Difference in perception:
Different people’s perceptions are different. Thus the sender may encode the message in his/her own way but the receiver can explain it differently due to difference in perception.

3. Listening:
Another personal barrier is problem in listening skill. That is only due to listening problem message can be misinterpreted.

4. Psychological distance:
Like perception attitude and overall psychological frame of mind varies from man to man. As a result same message can be viewed differently in different people.

B. Physical Barriers:
Physical barriers are the external forces that create adverse effect on communication process. Physical barriers are:

1. Noise

2. Geographical distance

3. Incorrect choice of medium.

1. Noise:
It is very common type of physical barrier. Due to noise the receiver may failed to receive the actual meaning.

2. Geographical distance:
Sometimes geographical distance makes it difficult to have immediate feedback. As a result communication process is not completed.

3. Incorrect choice of medium:
Choice of medium depends on the nature of the message. The message can be distorted due to incorrect choice of medium.

C. Semantic barriers:
Semantic barriers are also known as language barriers. Two people both speak in same language, but still
there may be language barriers between them.
Semantic barriers are as follows:

1. Use of wrong words

2. Use of colloquial language

3. Use of jargon

4. Symbols

1. Use of wrong words:
Depending on the education and knowledge level of the receiver proper words should be used. Language of a farmer and language of an economist are not same. Thus use of improper or wrong words is barriers to effective communication.

2. Use of colloquial language:
Use of colloquial language not only changes the original meaning, it may lead to serious misunderstanding.

3. Use of jargon:
Use of jargon or technical words with the people of different profession can create confusion.

4. Symbols:
People of different geographical region or from different culture use different kinds of symbols. In real world it is also observed that same symbol has different meanings in different countries.

D. Organizational barriers:
Business communication is also influenced by organizational barriers. Major organizational barriers are:

1. Information overloads 4. Status

2. Message complexity 5. Lack of trust

3. Message competition 6. Unethical communication

1. Information overload:
Individuals capacity is limited, thus when too much messages need to be answered in the same time then it creates overload and communication failed.

2. Message complexity:
Sometimes due to the very nature of the subject matter messages become complex and complicated.

3. Message competition:
In a big organization often messages compete each other for attention. A manager can face problem if he asked something over telephone while he/she is writing a report.

4. Status:
In an organization employees of lower status sometimes face problem to communicate negative news to the top management. As a result communication gap is created.

5. Lack of trust:
it is another organizational barrier to effective communication. For successful communication there should be a trusting environment within the organization.

6. Unethical communication:
unethical communication seriously damage the goodwill of the organization. Thus messages should be ethical and credible.

Business Communication Process,elements/steps of the Business Communication Process

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 26 Jun 2011 11:57:00 +0000

The Business Communication Cycle,steps of the Business Communication Process

businesscommunicationnew

The Business Communication Process,the Business Communication Cycle,the system of Business Communication,elements/steps of the Business Communication Process

Communication is the process of exchanging information and understanding from one person to another person. It provides a bridge of meaning by which people can share their feelings. The communication process has eight sequential steps which are shown in the following figure.

Fig-4: the communication Process

[Source: J. W. Newstrom & Davis: 2002]

Step-1: Develop idea:
In any kind of communication at first the sender develops an idea which he/she wants to transmit.

Step-2: Encode:
In this step sender convert the idea into a message by using suitable words, charts, or any other symbol. Here the sender uses his/her own ‘filter of concept’ to develop the message.

Step-3: Transmit:
After encoding the message sender takes initiative to transfer the message to receiver. Sender also selects proper media for the transmission of message.

Step-4: Receive:
Here receiver receives the message which is transferred by the sender. If the receiver does not receive the message then the communication failed.

Step-5: Decode:
To understand the received message the receiver need to decode the message. Decoding is the process of ‘explanation of the message’ which produce the meaning of the message. This step is very important for the success of communication because understanding of the message completely depend on it.

Step-6: Accept:
After decoding, it depends on the receiver whether he/she will accept or reject the message. Acceptance mainly depends on the credibility of the sender and attitude of the receiver.

Step-7: Use:
This step also controlled by the receiver. The receiver can use the message immediately or in future considering his/her interest.

Step-8: Feedback:
It is the last but perhaps the most important step for successful communication. In this step the receiver responds to the sender. The loop of communication infect completes with the response of the receiver, which is known as feedback.

Whether the message is accepted or not can be realized by the feedback of the receiver.

These are the steps of the communication process. It should be mentioned that there are some barriers in the communication process which can disturb whole process.

The essential factors for effective Business communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 25 Jun 2011 12:18:00 +0000

The characteristics of effective Business communication

businesscommunicationnew

The characteristics of effective Business communication Or, the essential factors for effective Business communication

Effective communication is essential for the success of the organization but to ensure effective communication one should consider the following factors:

Correctness:
Correctness is the first quality of effective communication. Wrong messages failed to serve the purpose of communication, thus the sender should aware of the correctness.

Open communication climate:
The communication climate of the organization affects the quality of information. There should be a open communication climate for exchanging views, that is employees should get opportunity to participate in the decision making process.

Meaningful information:
The information or message should be expressed in such a way that the receiver can easily understand.

Making goodwill:
effective communication should enhance the goodwill of the organization.

Using audience centered approach:
Using an audience centered means keeping your audience in mind at all times when communicating. (Thill and Bovee 1996).

Natural tone:
To ensure erective communication the tone of the message must be natural and sincere. Any kind of artificial tone should be avoided.

Inter cultural differences:
Another major factor for effective communication understands the intercultural difference between the sender and the reader.

Clear and completeness:
Messages should be written or presented clearly and completely.

Assuring ethical communication:
ethics are very important in communication. All relevant information must be true in every sense. Honesty should be maintained throughout the communication process.

Tactfulness:
To create effective communication the sender should transfer messages tactfully.

Interest of the receiver:
Keeping the ‘You-view’ point in mind techniques should be applied to convince the receiver. That is interest of the receiver should be given priority.

Orderly presentation:
In case of verbal or written communication message should be presented orderly. If messages presented unsystematically the purpose of the communication cannot be fulfilled.

Neat and clean:
Last of all but not the least, communication must be neat and clean. It is not only necessary for the understanding of message but also acts as an indicator of the goodwill of the firm.

The scope of business communication

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 25 Jun 2011 12:00:00 +0000

The subject matter of business communication

businesscommunicationnew

The scope of business communication,Or, the subject matter of business communication

We are social being, to live or to exist in the society we have to communicate each other, we spend more time in communicating than doing anything else. (Lesilak and Pettit 1996). Thus different kinds of activities, like personal, social, national, global, political, religious, cultural, financial etc. all are within the scope of communication. Scopes of communication are as follows:

From personal context:
An individual can do nothing without communication. He or she can achieve his or her goal of life and maintain proper relation with relatives and other by effective communication.

Form social context:
Men of societies communicate each other in various meeting, function etc. and contribute for social development.

From organizational context:
Communication involves proper planning, decision making, controlling, directing, coordinating etc. and plays role to achieve organizational goal.

From political context:
Political parties depend on various media of communication to face their opposition and get power. Such as: Radio, television, newspaper, meeting, public gathering, press conference etc.

Form religious context:
Without proper communication it is not possible to give perfect concept about each religion to their followers. Religious group depend on interpersonal, intergroup and mass communication to preach their religion.

From global context:
Every nation of present world depends on each other in different affairs. For this reason UN, EU, NAFTA, SAARC, are formed to maintain international communication.

From national context:
Effective communication system helps general public to participate various government activities through their elected representatives and coordinate among the various government authorities and departments to develop socio-economic condition of the country.

From the context of business:
Effective communication aid management or owner to maintain good relation between internal (I,e employees) and external parties (i.e. Bank, tax authorities etc.) to maximize production, sales, and profit of the business or industry.

From financial context:
All financial matters of various organizations and parties are settled under effective communication system.

Form cultural context:
Cultural activities are controlled and increased by various media and way of communication such as: Radio, television etc.

Different types of communication network

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 22 Jun 2011 08:22:00 +0000

Different types of communication network,Communication Network

businesscommunicationnew

Different types of communication network

There are different types of network of communication. Communication Network means the channels by which information flows. Networks can be of two types:

(A) Formal Network and
(B) Informal Network.

(A) Formal Networks:
Formal network are used for task-related communication. These are generally vertical type and follow the authority chain. Widely used formal networks are as follows:

1. Chain network
2. Wheel network
3. All channel network.

1. Chain Network:
The formal chain of command strictly followed in this type of network. Chain network can be depicted as follows:

Fig-6: Chain Network
(Source: S.P. Robbins)

2. Wheel Network:
Here leader plays the key role. Other members depend on the leader for group communication. It is as follows:

Fig-7: Wheel Network
(Source: S.P. Robbins)

All Channel Network:
This network allows all group members to communicate with each other freely. It can be shown by the following configuration:

Fig-8: All Channel Network
(Source: S.P. Robbins)

(B) Informal Network:
Informal Networks do not follow authority chain. Here information can move to any direction freely. There are four informal networks:

1. Single strand chain.
2. Gossip chain.
3. Probability chain and
4. Cluster chain.

1. Single strand chain:
It indicates the passing of information by a long time. Here the 1st person tells to 2nd person who tells the message to 3rd person and so on. This process continues to the last receiver.

Fig-9: Single Strand Chain
(Source: R. Pal et al)

2. Gossip chain:
Here the leader is the pivotal person. All flows of information have to pass through the leader. This is also known as restricted network.

Fig-10: Gossip Chain Network
(Source: R. Pal et al)

3. Probability Chains:
This is also known as random chain. Here no specific rules are followed for transmitting information. At first a person transmits the information to any other person randomly, then in the similar way message is circulated randomly.

Fig-11: Probability Chain
(Source: R. Pal. Et al)

4. Cluster Chain:
Unlike random chain here at first a person passes the information to other selected persons. These persons again pass the information similarly to other selected persons.

Fig-12: Cluster Chain
(Source: R. Pal et)

These are the most popular information Networks.

The limitations of communication model

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 22 Jun 2011 08:08:00 +0000

What are the limitations of communication model?

businesscommunicationnew

What are the limitations of communication model?

What are the limitations of communication model?

Through communication model plays a vital role in understanding the communication process, but it has some drawbacks or limitations. Limitations of the communication model are as follows:

1. Brief explanation:
The communication model is just a framework having brief explanation. Detail information cannot be achieved from it.

2. Lack of flexibility:
The basic communication models are not flexible in nature. But communication is a dynamic and changing thing. So sometimes it is difficult to cope-up with models.

3. Limited scope:
Most of the communication models are suitable for face to face or written communication. But models cannot describe the framework of telecommunication or modern means of communication.

What is communication model?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 08:02:00 +0000

The functions,importance,advantages of communication

businesscommunicationnew

What is communication model?,The functions,importance,advantages of communication
A model is a theoretical or symbolic presentation of a process or sequential activates. The very process of transmission of information from sender to receiver is represented by the communication model.

In other word’s a communication model describes now communication works. Accounting to Prof. Lesikar and Pettit, “in this presentation of the model, we strive to look with scientific diligence into the phenomenon of human communication.”

Thus it can be revealed that communication model is the theoretical view of the communication process which describes how one person communicates with another person.

Functions or Importance, Advantages of communication Model:
The communication model provides a clear picture regarding the communication process. It serves the following purposes:

1. Basic idea of human communication:
Through the communication model we can get the basic idea about human communication process.

2. Identify steps:
The communication model also helps us to indentify the sequential steps of communication.

3. Evolution of effectiveness:
Through the model, effectiveness of any communication can be evaluated. Thus necessary measures can be taken to increase the effectiveness of communication.

4. Minimizing barriers:
An analysis of the communication model also helps to detect the barriers and accordingly initiatives can be taken to minimize the barriers.

5. Analysis of communication environment:
The study of communication model also provides guidelines for analyzing the communication environment which is also essential to ensure effective communication.

What is two-way communication?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 07:43:00 +0000

What is two-way communication?,importance of tow-way communication

businesscommunictionnew

What is two-way communication?,importance of tow-way communication
The communication that takes place between two parties (sender and receiver)- is known as two-way communication. But the main feature of two-way communication is the flow of information from both ways.

In two-way communication first sender a message and the receiver provides response to the sender.

Form the above discussion the major features of two-way communication can be listed as follows:

Two-parties (sender and receiver)
Flow of information from both ways.
Feedback.

Importance of two-way communication:

Importance of two-way communication can be discussed in the following manner:

1. Effective communication:
Communication experts advocated that two-way communication is the real communication, where ‘exchange’ of ideas is possible.

2. Implementation of decisions:
In an organization decision are made by the top management, but those are implemented by the lower level employees. If there is no two-way communication then proper implementation of decision will not be possible.

3. Better understanding:
Where there is no counter flow of information or feedback, there the level of understanding between the sender and receiver also very poor. Only two-way communication ensures better understanding.

4. Employee motivation:
It has been proved that the organization where the scope for two-way communication exist, the management can collect more information about the attitudes of the employees. As a result it becomes easier on the part of management to take proper motivational measures.

5. Reduce employee turnover:
Two-way communication between management and employees minimizes misunderstanding and as a result employee turnover rate reduces considerably.

6. Increase productivity:
As two-way communication helps employee motivation, the job satisfaction of employee’s increases. In turn, the productivities of the firm increased.
Therefore it can be safely that, two-way communication has immense importance in the achievement of organizational goal.

Types of resume,Different formats or types of Resume

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 07:44:00 +0000

Types of CV,Kind of Resume letter

businesscommunicationnew

Different formats or types of Resume
A CV can be organize or prepared by following different styles. Selection of a particular style of developing CV depends on the background and goals of the candidate.

CV can be of three types:

1. Chronological

2. Functional

3. Targeted

1. Chronological Resume:
This is a historical summary of an individual’s education and job experience.

Here and individuals job experience is listed in reverse order, that is mentioning of job experience starts with the most recent experience. Educational qualification also presented in a reverse chronological order.

Applicable Situation:
Chronological resume is applicable in the following situations:

i. When last employer is well known
ii. When job history shows upward trained in position
iii. When individual want to continue in the same profession

Chronological approach is especially appropriate if an individual has a strong employment history.

2. Functional Resume:
Functional resume give emphasis on the areas of competence of an individual. This is useful for candidates who are just entering in the job market.

Applicable situation:
i. When an individual is changing his/her carrier.
ii. When an individual is entering in the job market for the first time.
iii. When past experience is experience is disappointing.

3. Targeted Resume:
A targeted resume shows how an individual qualify for a specific job. That is this type of resume focuses on the abilities of an individual.

Applicable Situation:
i. When a person is clear about his/her job target.
ii. When an individual is aware of his/her abilities.

What is Resume?,What is CV?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 07:30:00 +0000

what is a cv resume?,make a resume,How to make a CV letter?

businesscommunicationnew

How to write a Resume or CV letter?
A bio-data or CV is the brief statement of an individual’s personal information which required by the employer for selection purpose.

In the words of Thill and Bovee, “a resume is a structured, written summary of a person’s education, employment background, and job qualifications.”

Thus resume includes all the necessary information about a candidate which helps the employer to evaluate the candidate’s competence for getting the job.

Basic features of a good resume: (Thill and Bovee 1996: 373)
i. Neatness
ii. Simplicity
iii. Accuracy
iv. Honesty

Contents of a CV:
1. Personal data:
   Name
   Gender
   Religion
   Nationality
   Marital Status
   Address etc.

2. Carrier objective

3. Educational qualification

4. Work experience

5. Relevant skill

6. Language proficiency

7. Achievements

8. Extracurricular activities:
   Sports
   Debating
   Blood donation
   Hobby
   Social activates etc.

Types of application letter,application letter types

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 07:13:00 +0000

Different types of application letter,application letter types

businesscommunicationnew

Different types of application letter

On the basis of announcement of the job application letter can be of two (2) types:

i. Solicited Application

ii. Unsolicited Application

1. Solicited Application:
It is an application letter that is sent in response to an announced job.

Features:
i. Announcement of the job is made through advertisement.
ii. Required qualifications are known to the candidate.
iii. Large number of applicants.
iv. Need to follow specific guideline.
v. Source of information must be mentioned.

2. Unsolicited Application:
This type of application is written for the job which has not been announced by the company.

Features:
i. No announcement is made
ii. Required qualifications are unknown to the candidates.
iii. Small number of application.
iv. Less formal.
v. Can attract more attention.

Purposes of an application letter,importance of an application letter

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 07:05:00 +0000

The goals of an application letter

businesscommunicationnew

Purposes of an application letter,importance of an application letter,goals of an application letter

The goals or purposes of an application letter.

Or, the importance of an application letter

Application letter sent with the CV. It is a tool used to introduce the candidate before the employer. It conveys detailed information regarding the applicant.

Goals or purpose of an application letter can be listed as follows:

1. Draw attention of the employer.
2. Declare the interest of the applicant for the job.
3. Informing the employer regarding personal details of the applicant.
4. Expressing the qualities of the candidate.
5. Providing information regarding the experience of the candidate.
6. Asking for an interview.

The elements of an application letter

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 12:33:00 +0000

General guidelines for preparing employment letters,considered for drafting application/employment letter

businesscommunicationnew

The general guidelines for preparing employment letters,drafting an application for employment,the elements of an application letter

List the general guidelines for preparing employment letters.

Or, the factors need to be considered for drafting application/employment letter.

Or, the prerequisites for drafting an drafting an application for employment

Or, the elements of an application letter

Application letter infect acts as the cover of the resume. It should be clearly recognized that application letter is the first formal communication between the employer and the prospective employee. Thus to be successful an applicant or candidate should draft the application letter properly and effectively.

To prepare an effective application letter following factors should be considered.

1. Draw attention:
By providing the specific information regarding the post for which the applicant is applying for attention of the employer can be drawn.

2. Information about the company:
Before preparing the application a candidate should collect detailed information regarding the company.

3. Following appropriate style:
In corporate sector a particular format in followed for application letter. To be accurate proper format should be followed.

Prof. Ricks and Gow advocated a four steps sandwich format for effective application letter, which is as follows.

The application letter sandwich

[Source: Ricks and Gow, 1987, p. 409]

4. Tone of courtesy:
Throughout the application letter a complete tone of courtesy should be maintained. Lack of courtesy treated as negative point which hampered the prospect of the candidate.

5. Tone of confidence:
Every employer like to see his/her employees confident about themselves. Moreover self confidence always treated positively. Thus a tone of confidence should be expressed by the application letter.

6. Neat and clean:
The application should be presented neatly and in a orderly manner which will ensure an uninterrupted flow of reading.

7. Clear presentation of qualifications:
By the application letter an applicant basically need to present him/her qualified for the declared post. Thus all the necessary qualifications which the applicant secured should be mentioned clearly. The following qualifications may be mentioned in an application letter sequentially:

i. Education qualifications

ii. Additional qualifications

iii. Extracurricular activates

iv. Social activities

v. Language proficiency etc.

8. Experience:
If the candidate has any experience then it should be noted chronologically.

9. Personal details:
As compulsory items following personal information must be provided in the application letter:

i. Parent’s name

ii. Mailing address

iii. Telephone number

iv. Nationality

v. Date of birth

vi. Age

vii. Marital status

viii. Religion etc.

10. Achievements:
If the applicants have any special achievements or reward then it should be mentioned.

11. Reference:
if required by the employer candidate need to mention names of referees as reference.

12. signature:
Signature of the applicant also should be put in the application.

13. Enclosure:
Supporting documents must be properly enclosed with the application.

14. Selection of words:
Formal and familiar words should be used in an application. Use of unfamiliar and opposing words creates negative impression, about the candidate.

Example of Order letter

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 13:33:00 +0000

How to write an order letter?,Example of Order letter

businesscommunicationnew

How to write an order letter?,Example of Order letter,Order letter

Hello pals here you will get that how to you will write an order letter.

Example-1: Order letter

Ponting Book House

Andar Killah

Sydney

20 October, 2011

Manager

Doni Book Depot.

Delli.

Dear Sir,

Thank you for your catalogue and price list we are placing the order for the following books:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Quantity	Unit Price	Amonunt
1.	Business Math (By Depok Kumar)	10 copy	5$	50$
2.	Business Statistics (by Willam petty)	20 copy	6$	75$
3.	Basic Accounting (by S. Jerons)	10 copy	5$	50$
	Total =	40 copy		175$

The local college will open very soon, so it will be conductive for us if you send the mentioned books immediately.

Please send the T/R and Bank Bill as early as possible at a discount of 30%.

Sincerely yours

Mr. jhon

Manager

Ponting Book House

Example-2: Order letter

Sachin Computers

Station Road,

New York.

20 October, 2011

Manager Sales

Pacific Computers

28/1, Taxes

Taxes.

Dear Sir,

Thank you for your catalogue and price list we are placing the order for the following parts:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Quantity	Unit Price	Amount
1.	Pentim-4 processor	05	100$	600$
2.	256-DDR-RAM	05	20$	103$
3.	CD-ROM-Samsung 52X	05	25$	110$
	Total	15		813$

It will be conducive for us if you send the mentioned goods immediately.

Please send the T/R and Bank Bill as early as possible at a discount of 20%.

Sincerely yours

Mr. Ornov Chowdhury bappi

Manager

Cotler Computer

Station road,

New York.

Help Box:

1. Address of Company
2. Date
3. Address of Reviver
4. Dear Sir
5. Thank you for your catalogue and price list.................................................
6. Order of Specific Goods by Table
7. Please send hurry
the local college..........................................................
8. About Discount and Bill info
9. please send ........................................................
10. Sincerely yours
........................................................................

Please Thanks To This Post