Khudadad's Knols

A family that taught me what to read

2012-02-28T18:28:00.000-08:00

On Monday, my youngest brother (who is an eighth grader) came on skype to consult me about his current endeavors. He was asking me, how he can become a good software engineer and a good writer? I recommended him some of my favorite writers, Chekhov, Dostoevsky and Oscar Wilde and told him stories of Mark Zuckerberg (The founder of Facebook), Steve Jobs (Founder of Apple), Bill Gates (Founder of Microsoft) and Niklas Zennström (Founder of Skype). We exchanged ideas on how to do things and what to expect and what to not and so forth. After we are done with our conversations, I felt a little bit envious of him as he has access to internet and elder brothers that he consults.

When I was an eighth grader, I was maintaining a thick encyclopedic diary that had my aphorismatic expressions (Uncle Nietzsche), schemes of new plays (Good idea; if you can’t compete in existing plays then why not to create new ones? …But frankly, it was more an effort to have more useful plays than cricket), designs for their outfits and play grounds, exterior architectures of buildings that I liked to build someday (heheheh), List of problems of our society and my suggested solutions (how naïve), notes of medicinal plants, chemical properties of some compounds of interests, thinking strategies, some characters (I was always failing to balance the body parts and my characters were closer to beasts to than what I was imagining them to appear on paper) and stories based on them (loved to watch cartoons and wanted to write my own comic books) and of course my Philosophical constructions (Yeah, Uncle Socrates were very thoughtful on those days…hehehe)…. Though I had an encyclopedic diary that I was regularly and passionately updating but to others it was just a sketchbook of a kid and there was nobody to tell me, what to do and where to go… I was a curious but disoriented school boy…. The books were scarce and my pocket was empty. There was just a burning curiosity and a passionate learner and his only guidance was the story of Bernard Shaw that his uncle told him (My uncle was my class fellow and we are almost of same age). The story goes,

George Bernard Shaw hated formal education so he had not proper formal education. One day he was crossing a street and found a piece of newspaper. Just out of curirosity he picked it up and started reading the story on it. As it was only a torn off part of newspaper, he could not finish the story but the story touched him so much that wanted to learn about rest of the story. He started going to libraries and reading books to find the rest of story. Although he didn’t find the missing part of the story but in the process of looking for it he read so much that he became a learned person and a known writer….

I don’t know, how much of this story is real as I had only heard of it but it was always at top of my mind and I was reading everything I had access to but there wasn’t enough books to read…. I still remember the first fat story book that I read. I was so happy that I read a book. My grand Ma shifted to a new house and there was a college girl that had some story books. It was there that I read my first fat story book. Before that I had access to magazines, thin booklets for children that either I was buying from bookstore or was borrowing from school library. There was a bookstore with some thick books on its shelves and one of the books was “Shahnama Firdosi”. I was looking to its beautifully decorated cover with images of legendary Rostam and was wishing for a day I would be able to buy this book…

When our school received new books, I was so excited that I was not missing any spare to read them and even was using class time to read them. To hide from teachers I was putting book on my lap under desk to read them in class (Greed never dies..still, I get that much greedy if something excites me).

If the confessions of Gandhi about his youth let me to have more humanistic view about “great men”, the stories of Avicenna, Jabir Bin Hayan, Ibn Battuta and an European Astronomer that I don’t remember his name excited and allowed me to enter into the world of real characters than story characters that until that time was known to me. One of the books was about a Persian doctor who goes to India to learn medicine and meets a Persian girl there, falls in love with her, marries her but she becomes sick and dies. When doctor sees that his medicine fails to save the life of his lover, he abandons medicine and turns to spiritualism. This story was so touching that I decided that I am not going to fall in love with any girl (hehehe.. A kid grows just to undo his childish decisions…hehehehe) ….

In 1989, my father built his own house and we moved from Grand Pa’s house to our house. This shifting brought new opportunities for me. It was far from city so I was getting more pocket money to go on bus and also there weren’t many shops so I had more money in my pocket. I was able to buy second hand books and exchange mine with those of my uncle… Soon there was a small library at our town managed by one of our schoolmate and then I got membership of Provincial library and this changed my life as I had access to real knowledge (Big fat books with big names on their covers)

But the biggest paradigm shift in my thinking came from a refugee family. In summer of 1998, Taliban captured Mazar-i-Sharif and massacred the local Hazara population. A large number of survivals escaped to neighboring countries. As our city is close to Afghanistan, a large number of survivals took refuge there. There were families who were staying in mosques and had no place to move. People were trying to accommodate them. We had a small multi-purpose extra room and one of the families moved in. There were 7 members in the family, a dark tanned, skinny father, a tall skinny mother, three daughters and two sons the eldest and second youngest. The father was sick and barely able to walk and they had nothing to live on.

I was always amazed that how this family of seven was managing to live in that small room? Seven people could sit there but it had not enough space for seven people to sleep there. His eldest son started working in a shoe workshop with hundred rupees per week as “wage”. The two girls who may be 13 or 14 years old (I am guessing) were doing embroidery works with their mother, again for few hundred rupees per scarf. They were sitting all day doing embroidery and were able to finish a scarf in few days to earn a few hundred rupees. The father was very sick but still he was going to bring the hard firewood to make benches. In my whole life, I have never seen such a determination and skill. A sick man just with three hand tools were sawing and carving benches out of such hardwood that strong baker workers can just think of cutting them in large pieces for fire. Later on, he became so sick that he wasn’t able to sit and even go to washroom and was lying in that small room.

What was really shocking for all of us that in two years that they lived in our house, we never seen them a drop of tear in their eyes, a sign of grief or worry or any complain. When they were out, they were neat, smiley and talkative but no talk of pain or their difficulties. Though we were aware that they were in trouble but we could not figure out what they eat, how they eat or when eat or even if they go hungry. Even the youngest daughter who was only 4 or 5 years old was behaving so maturely and with dignity that other children of her age could hardly do. This family even changed our behaviors and thinking about life. From one side we were seeing the wealthy families’ favorite talks are complaining and backbiting and here was a family who was so dignified that were facing misfortunes of life in such a dignity and bravery that was almost idealistic (At least I can’t do it even now).

They had earned so much of our respect that we were very careful in our interactions to not offend them even unintentionally. My father knew some organizations that were helping poor families but the problem was how to reach them to not offend this dignified family. My mother talked to them and they finally accepted to get their father hospitalized and get treated by the charity organization but it was too late. Their father had stomach cancer and died in hospital. I still remember that time when the body of their father was brought in, I felt as my heart was ripped off. How could life be so cruel to such nice people? But they were calm and didn’t show any signs of discomfort. I was sure that they had mourned in their small room (out of sights of others) but in front of people they showed no symptoms of grief.

Until that time, I was aware of characters in stories of Russian writers who had hard times but those characters were noisy and complaining about their lives and here I was seeing everyday a family who were facing tragedy after tragedy but facing life with such a dignity that left me envious of such self-restraint and resilience forever.

It was first time that I felt, I was mistaken for so long that I was looking knowledge in books. The human around us with their life perspectives are open books. I was just needed to study them and learn. I am really thankful to that family that changed my perspective. Believe it or not, fat books no more excite me and I am no more piling up books. Whenever, I have hard time, I just remember that family and get enough to overcome over my emotions. Yes, I still spend a large part of my time reading but my real inspirations come from live people….

My picks from Korean Dramas

2012-02-20T18:46:00.000-08:00

Some of the Korean dramas are really impressive due to their educational content for social change and how to go for them through entertainment. Just like any other drama, the stories revolve around main character (Like butcher becoming a surgeon, a scholar becoming an entrepreneur, a lady becoming a court cook and doctor and so on) but they are written in adventurous and biographical styles in which the main characters are following a goal that make them stand taller. I am not picking them because these dramas are based on biographies but instead I am picking them because the main characters break the prevailing divides in society based on class systems or cultural norms. The dedication, determination and above all, relying on constant learning and experimentations of main characters to demonstrate the fallacy of social divides are what make these dramas unique, in a time when all are focused on technologies than human talents and characters.

Another aspect of these dramas that really interests me is the linking of the traditional knowledge system to that of modern one. Historical societies like that of Korea have been accumulating vast knowledge about human nature for long time. It is really a great experience to see, though in terms of literature and arts, the transition of a society especially when the globalization is making things go faster than historical societies could accommodate properly.
Coming back to this dramas, I think, Korean artists really need appreciation from rest of world by creating such nice crafts that from one side ask for social change and from other side showing how to do it while entertaining all groups of societies across of ages.

I do not want to make my own interpretations of these dramas so I just present their descriptions and links for the first episode so you could watch them at your ease, if you like them….

One more thing, I may update this page from time to time… Cheers :)

Click on the title to watch them online....

Summaries are taken from dramafans
............................................................................
Jewel in the Palace,

Summary

About 500 years ago during the time of Chosun Dynasty, Korea boasted a rigidly hierarchical and male dominated social structure. Set in this period, "Jewel in the Palace" is based on a true story about a legendary girl (Jang-Geum) who became the first woman to be the supreme royal physician of her times. Despite her poor condition as a low class girl in the male dominated society, Jang-Geum overcame a series of social discrimination and landed herself as a royal cook, later becoming the royal physician, then ultimately the physician in charge of the king. She was even given by the king the title "The Great Jang-Geum". The story of her checkered life on her success and breakdown as well as her love story beautifully unfold. "Jewel in the Palace" is sure to touch your heart.

...................................................................................

Dong Yi (It appeared to me as a Korean version of Sherlock Holmes)

Summary

Set during the reign of King Sukjong in the Joseon dynasty, the story focuses on Dong Yi, a water maid who gains the trust of Queen Inhyeon and later the favour of the king when he is moved by her prayers for the health of the Queen during the court disputes caused by Jang Hee Bin. Dong Yi becomes a concubine with the rank of sook-bin and bears a son who will later become the 21st king of Joseon, Yeongjo.

......................................................................................
Jejoongwon

Summary

A story about the hospital, Jejoongwon. It was the first modern hospital in Korea established in the Joseon era in 1886. (To me, the interesting point was the linking of a butcher to surgeon, both do the same things but it is just the observations, ethics and purpose that makes them so different)...

......................................................................................
Iljimae

Summary

Set during the Joseon Dynasty, Ryung acts as a useless gangster in the marketplace by day but at night he is a chivalrous robber who robs corrupt government officials to give to the poor. After each robbery he leaves behind a wooden branch from a plum tree at the site of the robbery to take responsibility for the robbery. The poor citizens only know him as Iljimae. Bong Soon is a hilarious girl with good martial art skills and lives as a swindler. She only loves Ryung and sacrifices her whole life for him. Eun Chan is a doctor's daughter and is good in nature and usually helps miserable people. She meets Iljimae once by chance, and their sweet love story begins. However, her love puts Iljimae in a dangerous situation because an Imperial Guard also loves her.

......................................................................................

Jumong (My Favorite :)

It might not be easy for modern men to think of nationality other than nation state, ideological state or an ethnic state but when reading ancient and Medieval history we might frequently see that each dynasty had their own nations. That means, a nation was dying by death of a dynasty and a nation was born out of scratch by rise of another dynasty. How well a nation doing was a test to the abilities and popularity of a dynasty. Jumong beautifully depicts the mindset of the kings and how they were creating a new nation out of scratch based on their visions. If you want to have some glimpses into the minds of ancient kings, this is definitely worth to watch....

Summary,
Song Il Gook plays Ju-Mong, the founder of the Goguryeo Dynasty in 37 BC. Han Hye Jin plays the role Soh Suh No (소서노) who is extremely intelligent and is King Ju Mong's second wife.

.................................................................................

Going to update it later....

When we question the basics

2012-02-17T19:34:00.000-08:00

There is no doubt that the hardest questions are posed in conflicts. Usually, we take most of things we see or live with for granted but when things become problematic then the most basic things come under question in a quest for solutions. I think, it is one of the main reasons that those people who go with an aim to change others, change from within. People who have even a casual interest in Philosophy know that the popular names in Philosophy like those of Socrates, Plato, Nietzsche and Sartre were a thorn to the eyes of their times’ dominant social norms and if one is also aware of the context, knows clearly that their revolts were the outcome of their experiences to conflicts of their times. If Socrates and Plato were concerned about the decline of Athenian civilization as a result of prolonged internal conflicts between city states, Nietzsche was witnessing the losing grip of God’s representatives to those of peoples’ representatives after a long conflict between Church and Naturalists and Sartre had witnessed and participated in most devastating conflicts that human history ever had.

Though the nature of conflicts has been changing over time but it seems the sources of the conflicts have been remained the same and this consistency in the historical pattern of conflicts made it easy to predict future conflicts. Since WWII, the world was in a conflict between two balancing superpowers but by collapse of Soviet Union, there was a prevailing hope for a more prosperous world of least conflicts. However, in midst of this hope, Samuel Huntington predicted for vaster, deeper and more chaotic, post-soviet conflicts, “the clash of civilizations”. For Huntington, it was not difficult to draw conflict zones or fault lines between major civilizations as the world is very well segregated based on the “values”, each civilization identifies itself with.

One may say that Huntington has grossly divided the world into eight civilizations but there are nearly 206 “sovereign states” with their own laws. It is the nation states, not the civilizations that play main roles in the conflicts. That might seems true but a close look at the coordination and congregation of state in international spheres reveals that states also identify themselves with their relative civilizations and that makes Samuel Huntington’s assumptions look true in practice. In theory, states should go after their interests then how civilizational divide could happen to be interest divide as well? My thinking is that, the answer lies in values. We recognize civilizations based on their set of values. In other words it is the set of values that make civilizations distinct. The values not only guide the social objectives but also how to go after those objectives and this makes a frame of interests. Countries with common values find close social objectives and ways to achieve them so naturally their interests to a large extent become common.

In a world that is increasingly shrinking, the civilizational divides are felt ever strong than before. Since the beginning of new millennium, the world is really suffering from the civilizational conflicts. In the opening paragraph, I said that in times of intense conflicts or decline, some Philosophers were coming with their themes to question the very basic of prevailing values that are causing conflicts. Plato came with concept of “Philosopher King”, Nietzsche came with idea of “Superman” and the Sartre came with idea of “revolt for freedom”. May be the sudden influx of massive information have occupied the minds of out time to an extent that there are rarely any brain left to challenge with an effective voice against the prevailing civilizational divide in the globalized world….

Coming back to our main topic, the main purpose of “values” in the first place is to improve the quality of life. If we look to major civilizations, the core message in the heart of each civilization is improving the quality of life. Now that civilizations are at conflict, the basic objective of values that was improving the quality of life is at stake.

It really doesn’t matter where you stand in these clashes, the impact comes at your doorstep and it comes through very fabric of society, laws. Every society has laws. Actually, laws are baseline for social acceptability. If one obeys laws, he has done nothing appreciable but if one breaks the laws, he becomes criminal and is expected to be punished accordingly. We usually take the laws for granted but those who understand it, don’t look at them as they were forever there. See the following two quotes,

“Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress.” …..Martin Luther King

“If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so.” …….Thomas Jefferson

As I said before, the values are there to improve the quality of life, similarly the laws are there to maintain justice in society. Unjust laws are not tolerated so does it mean that all existing laws are just? Again, it depends on the concept of justice. One law might look just in a society and unjust in another society. Why? The main reason is again the values. The concept of justice comes from social values. Even the divide within of each civilization into camps of liberal and conservatives are a sprouted from the core values each recognize it with.

Once I had to teach social studies for a brief time at school and I made a sketch to show the connection between values and laws. I think, it is relevant here,

Whenever, I hear the term “our values” from a politician, I know he/she wants to rally people against others. So, what is the solution? In theory, the Human Rights declaration was a step forward for global values instead of civilizational values. But each civilization has a well-developed culture to support its values and to carve them in the children as they grow with those values. Unfortunately, human rights is not recognized with any existing civilization so there is no culture for it to support, incorporate and carve it in children as they grow. Though in theory, Human Rights declaration has opened up a way. But it is really unfortunate that in practice, it is used for “clash of civilizations” or in the service of national interests.

In theory, we can revolt against civilizational values in favor of global values but it might take some heavy damages and losses for world to give concessions to global values at cost of civilizational values…. Humanely dreams can’t dope up those who have been doped with hatred and greed…

Robert Kagan on Why the World Needs America?

2012-02-11T23:21:00.000-08:00

Recently there are increasing talks about the decline of an American "Empire" and a lot of speculations about the post-American world. The fact that we have witnessed increasingly chaotic world after the collapse of Soviet "Empire" while still USA was there to maintain order make these speculations interesting. The world that we live today has shrunk immensely since collapse of Soviet Union so in an increasingly interdependent and connected world, whatever would be the outcomes, all would be affected in many ways.... It is not necessary that we agree with these speculations but they are definitely interesting to learn about....

One thing that is missing in this talk (that you will notices) is that... while a lot of people talk about the role of USA and her allies in collapse of Soviet Union, who is then responsible for American Decline? In a uni-polar world and in absence of a real contestant, the wrong policies have been blamed... It seems that individual's efforts in changing others mostly results in changes within... fits to nations also... Definitely, it is interesting times in live history to be a witness, learn and pass on..... Hope you enjoy it...

Breaking the machine of "Observations" and "Speculations"

2012-02-10T06:43:00.000-08:00

What is beauty?

There might be a lot of explanations to that but what if you have a machine of truth? A machine that could produce reality. That would be very easy to answer. Since the emergence of machines, human tend to make machines for doing everything, even for reality. Religion was a machine of reality for many thousands of years and worked very well...until it got a competitor in the market by another powerful machine, "Science"... By widespread use of evolutionary theory, Science seems like having grown from a machine into a factory that produces such machines as "theory of evolution" that can explain everything with ease,

Dennis Dutton seems like to use "Evolutionary machine" in explaining beauty and he thinks it does efficiently answer that but he doesn't limit himself to beauty and thinks that even art can be explained in evolutionary perspective... That is really plausible but when I see at works of art (Art like Science is a factory to produce aesthetics) then I think, Picasso might not agree with this explanation. Art is not merely an expression of beauty (What would be the difference between the work of an artist and the work of an artisan? An artisan might produce much more skilled and beautiful artifacts). Art also serves two other distinct purposes, "An expression of wealth and social class" and "An object of rebellion; pushing for more freedom"... I don't see that these two values have rooted in beauty. Abstract and modern art came to rebel two aspects of modern society,

- Machines; that is capable of creating much skilled, accurate and complex works of art that can produce on mass scale and with very low prices.... So artists broke the lines and played with colors to distort the "beauty", "organization" and "perceived world" as an expression of their "humane feelings" that machines don't have and can't produce.... Now, the people with high class buy these abstracts arts at high prices to create a distinct culture from those of machine produced cheap works of arts that commoners can afford...

- Political and Social system; Arts that are used in political and social rebellions for more freedom are not usually the expression of beauty but of oppression, blood, pain and misery... This works of arts are not to seduce but to reduce the hold of power and influence over others....

Over the years, I have realized that two things can never be wrong and can find uncountable number of evidences to support them...so people who play around these two categories have a lot to play with...

"God-Centric" VS "Human-Centric".... One can easily trace the battle of "God-centric" VS "Human-Centric" even from Pre-historic times to our present day and I am confident that it will continue in the future....

"God" as an Almighty and invisible can never be "proved" or "disproved" because there is no way to do it. So all the efforts of proving and disproving is mere battle of words... It depends on the individuals whether to believe on Him or not...

"Human" on other hand, observe the world and understand it through themselves (Human is the observer and human is the judge), so it is not difficult to understand that linking things to human goes very well to human sense... In other words, it makes sense to some point to all...

So I would rather tend to limit myself to observations for "facts" and enjoy the "explanations" and "theories" as acts of "creativity and speculations" that have more to do with schools of thoughts than reality.....

Last words; If one says, according to this theory or faith, this is so and so, I would rather agree but if one says that this and that theory or faith represent the "facts" or "reality", I would rather say, it represent a school of thought and help us to satisfy ourselves in having some explanations for our observations...

Conclusion; Until now, Science has proved to be the best among "ways" that human knowledge proceeds and "evolutionary theory" is among the best to "explain" things very well but I think, we have to be aware of "working very well" and "presenting it as reality".... Who knows in near future or in distant future, we see another "competitor" in the market...

Playing God -- BBC Horizon

2012-02-06T19:41:00.000-08:00

If you are curious about BioBricks following are some resources,

1. the BioBricks Assembly Manual...

2. MIT BioBrick Manual

3. IGEM

Is Bangladesh offering some lessons?

2012-02-06T07:53:00.000-08:00

The Grameen Bank of Nobel Laureate, Dr Muhammad Yonus from Bangladesh was a paradigm shift in how to do field of Philanthropy and entrepreneurship. Despite facing shortage of land, overpopulation and natural disasters, Bangladesh is proving to be very creative in terms of human development. In terms of literacy, it is just second to Sri Lanka and doing much better than India, Pakistan and other South Asian Countries. What makes Bangladesh unique is her success in reducing gender disparity in education sector. In secondary schools, 53% are female students and 47% are male students...

Does Gen Y needs a smart democracy?

2012-02-05T12:50:00.000-08:00

Last year, we witnessed a global rebellion. Young generation, with their smart networking devices were at the core of these rebellions. London Riots, Arab Spring and then Occupy Wall Street Movements that are now moving to other parts of world were the demonstrations of a generation that feel things are not going "right" for them and they had no other means but to go to streets to voice for it… If Arab youths ask for democracy that is quite understandable (Because of dictatorships) but what about youths in UK and USA that are the forefront of two different models of democracy (If there are institutions that represent people then what these people are doing on the streets?)?

One of the biggest problems in democracy is the participation of citizen. It is the participation of people in the democratic processes that give a government legitimacy. What makes me wonder by reading the charts of voter turnouts is the lowest turnouts in US presidential elections... In last US presidential election (2008), despite of a new popular face (That created a global buzz), the voter turnout was only 53.37%. That means 46.63% population didn’t care about voting or was not interested about the results of election. Following is a chart from Wikipedia about US election turnouts,

As you see from chart only 10 past presidential elections had more than 75% turnouts while 37 elections had less than 75% turnouts. In past 18 presidential elections in US, the median turnout of voters was 48%. That is really a Big Question Mark about the rule of people on the people by people. That is rather the rule of politically active people over passive people. Don't believe it? Let's have a look on the following chart from Wikipedia which shows a declining trend in voter turnouts in Americas (South and North America) and Western Europe... It seems passive people are slowly becoming majority. This is the beginning of fall in traditional democracy... This under-representation of people ask for some serious changes in the democratic processes...

Why there is a general trend of decreasing participation of people in democratic processes, despite of so much advertisement and the buzz that popular media create?

The large minority of people don't go to vote because they don't think that their vote has any impact or change anything. Things will go as influential people want to be. That is a great trust deficiency in part of elected representatives and democratic governments...

OK, what will happen, if there are great trust deficiencies? Well, that is really obvious... As we have witnessed, the trust deficiency cause Arab Spring, London Riots and Occupy Wall Street Movements... When people do not go to vote, they go to streets...

As we have seen from above statistics, it seems that "The rule of people over people by people" leave a large part of populations without any representations in the government...

In a time, when people love smart devices and governments love smart power, smart policies and smart sanctions then why not there should be a "Smart Democracy" that both people and government benefit from it...

This knol will become lengthy if I go to talk about other generations ( I have posted the following video, if you like to have an introduction about other generations....Although, it is about different generations in US but I think by slight changes, it fits most countries... At least each generation has its own characters in all countries and here is one documented example from US) but I am confident that Gen Y would definitely participate in greater numbers if a large part of democratic processes go hybrid, meaning allow people who want to express their opinions online besides traditional methods (There are people who prefer traditional methods)...

But I don't think, that a democracy becomes smart only by inclusion of smart networking that Gen Y prefers. It needs to allow the participation of neglected and underprivileged segments of society who by no means can compete openly (even if they are politically active) to get enough votes to have a voice in policy makings... Rule of "Politically Active People" may become more problematic in future when people become more active on social media and less active in democratic process. That will bring Chaos...

We are already witnessing the process of develop or die and let's see if systems choose dying over labor of developments....

Finding ways that don't work

2012-01-29T17:52:00.000-08:00

"I have not failed. I have just found ten thousand ways that won’t work.", Thomas Edison...

May be the Professor who had designed our B.Sc, Geology course, had heard this quote and it is why he had included many hypotheses about origin of Earth that didn't work. It was really annoying as we had to cover a lot of materials in an introductory course to a subject that was new for us and studying "hypotheses that didn't work" were not really making sense...

Usually the proverb, "A picture is better than thousand words" is used for urging on importance of illustrations however, it has another meaning also and that is, " A picture could be interpreted or speculated about in thousand ways"... Pictures are not alone on this as evidences are also usually get the same kind of treatment. While a piece of evidence may be just a ruin of an ancient building, a fossil or an artifact, there could be thousand of interpretations and speculation about them.

We usually tend to speculate about past (even if it comes out of very carefully and systematically documented observations still by coming from very small and scattered samples, there are more chances of speculations) and as past is passed and speculations are not going to harm (except when it is taken very seriously). We tend to speculate because there are chances that some speculation might come close to fact and get support from other evidences. So what matters mostly is the intentions. If intention is to unravel facts one gets results as either a way worked or way that didn't work or not sure... Just like gambling there are many possibilities but unlike gambling it is an honorable practice. In short, neutrality matters in investigations (Facts are neutral) and the rest depends mostly on luck... A set of good evidences may lead to good luck and a set of scattered evidences may just end up to voids..

One area that is based on wild speculations are Astrobiology. Technological advances, increasing population rapidly depleting resources make it really desirable to have other neighbors but since there haven't been any big breakthrough on our side so some started looking to our supposed neighbors. May be we have neighbors that are much advanced than us and had already visited us. So archaeological sites are becoming the focal areas of speculations for these groups... It is interesting to watch how they link these very small and scattered archaeological relics for their "wild" hypotheses ...

While the above video is about speculations on past visits of ancient aliens still there are others who speculate on alternatives to currently well developed scientific theories (motivations?;I am not sure)... Whatever, what I found interested in following video is the hypothesis of Charles Hutchins Hapgood about sudden shift of earth's crust. It reminded me of those annoying hypotheses that didn't work but we had to study..heheheh.. Frankly, it is first time that I have heard the name of Hapgood so I thought it might be interesting to include his hypothesis to my list of hypotheses in Geology that didn't work. The reason for my interest is because his hypothesis came at the time that continental drift(ancestor of plate tectonics) was evolving to become Plate Tectonics. Thanks to works of many geologists that it is now very easy for us to quickly point out that even it is happen that this wild speculation (...that earth crust shift in very small amount of time...) true , it would be unimaginably catastrophic with widespread earth quakes, tsunamis and super volcanisms. The main reason is the deeps roots of mountain chains (also their brittle nature especially above ground part), subduction zones and unequal density of crust layers that make it quite unlikely for large shifts in short amount of time. To me, most part of this video was not convincing but still I enjoyed its wild speculations...

Low-Cost Multi-touch Whiteboard using the Wiimote

2012-01-28T14:42:00.000-08:00

Drifter

2012-01-27T23:40:00.000-08:00

Intellectually and “spiritually”, I was always looking to myself as a “drifter”. The main reason is that I believe, “nothing starts perfect and nothing is going to end perfect” so the expressions like, “Perfect”, “Complete”, “Right”, “Good”, “rationale”, “Scientific” smells to me as “efforts to control things”… To me, that is desirable but at the end one has to define an optimal level to make sense of these expressions. I am not sure, if I have really measuring sticks to determine the optimal levels so rather, I tend to like to look at things as becoming good, right, perfect, rationale, scientific and so on and seeing this process always growing. As they say, “Either one is growing or dying” that is, I think, closer to reality.

Having said that, I like to hear what others say… As time passes and people tend more to have access to alternative opinions, to avoid living like a “frog in the well”, we hear some new perspectives about what we usually think as not so positive… Today, I come across Susan Cain’s article at Time Magazine about “Introverts” and some qualities that she has listed really interested me. Since my school time, I knew that creative people like to have more time with themselves but knowing that introverts reacts to very small stimuli is a great addition to that “knowledge” (Frankly, though this observation was really helpful in past, it is becoming more blurred by coming of personal devices. When I see most of the people are busy either with their cellphone, ipods, and recently tablets, it becomes really hard to say which ones are busy with themselves and which ones are with happy with others). So, it means that if it happens that a creative person is introvert, it just adds the urge for seeking “less stimulant environments”. Sensitivity to stimuli though increases the concentration levels and power of observations but it also lead to “Perfectionism” and that becomes problematic if one is not aware of the process.
So in nutshell, while introverts are caring and compassionate persons that tends to be morally strong persons yet the sensitivity and perfectionism can push them in trouble.

It is just my guess that if one is not sure where he/she stands in all these then becoming a “drifter” makes things go easier…. It is just my guess as it works for me so I am not suggesting anything…

Why do we Dream - BBC Horizon

2012-01-26T16:36:00.000-08:00

What Makes a Genius? - BBC Horizon

2012-01-26T14:55:00.000-08:00

The Appeal of irrationality

2012-01-24T00:19:00.000-08:00

How much of personality development is in your hands?

2012-01-21T22:02:00.000-08:00

The villager ties the baby elephant's feet with the help of a rope to a tree. The baby elephant is not happy with it and wants to free itself. He tries hard but the rope proves much more strong for its weak body to break. After several tries, the baby elephant give up thinking it is not possible for it to break the rope. Twenty years later, this baby elephant grows to fully grown elephant with massive body size but still when the villager ties it with a rope to tree, it doesn't try to break it, thinking it is not possible for it to break...

This is just an analogy that how culture and installed mindset affect our world perspective as well as our concepts of our potentials and talents. Each one of us may be full grown elephants that are tied to some sorts of ropes that we have long forgotten and even don't recognize any more...

The fact is that we all are in perpetual struggle to use our potentials for growing up to our fullest but as I said there are ropes that work as constraints in our ways. We need to recognize and that may help somewhat to deal with them accordingly. I recognize three constraints,

1. Culture

2. Law

3. Place (Village, Town, City, Cosmopolitan city)

As you can easily notice that if we move from one place to another all these three constraints, Culture, Law and size of opportunities (place) change accordingly. So moving is a way that people try to overcome external constraints. Our age (Globalization) is known for this process as immigration and travels are the highest than any other time in history. These three constraints also change temporally (That is going part of another knol; I am trying to write in pieces and put them together in the last one to conclusion, just to avoid, lengthy and boring reading)...

Why I am focusing on moving here instead of struggles for changing them in the native places? Because, here I wanted to talk about personality and changing these constraints require collective efforts and for an individual developments, moving is a better alternative for a lot of people.

Biologists love to study organisms in terms of traits (a distinguished quality either inherited or environmental that could be measured, like height, shape and size of a body part and so forth). Following Biologists, Psychologists also tried to find set of traits by which they could study human personality and they have found five universal traits that is known as Big Fives... including,

1. Openness

2. Conscientiousness

3. Extroversion

4. Agreeableness

5. Neuroticism

I have posted, BBC documentary in two parts at the end of this knol to illustrate the big fives. You can watch them also on You Tube (Just make green tea and pick a bag of dry fruits to watch them. It takes time to watch them all but worth to watch ;)

These big five traits are universal traits but I want to clarify here though personality makes us in large what we are but human behavior is very plastic. Personality may effect the the levels of our comfort with situations and also our perceptions about others and things but it is also true that an introvert person can become extrovert if it happens that the job or circumstances require so. The same is true about other traits and that is a good news... So, my main point is awareness. As we learn more about ourselves, it becomes more easy to manage ourselves and steer our lives accordingly...

Besides big fives, there are some additional factors that play big roles in making us unique than others and they are including, Identity, Narratives, Life History, Experiences and Values. If I go back to three factors, I mentioned earlier like culture, law and place, you can see these additional factors are tightly tied to them. So, simply by moving we can expand the dimensions of these additional factors greatly, either it is identity, narratives, life history, experiences and values and have more choices to choose better ones for blooming of our potentials.

Day; 1
..............................................................................

..............................................................................
Please follow the other 5 parts of Day 1 show on You Tube. I didn't post the rest to avoid making this knol very heavy....
.............................................................................
Day; 2
.............................................................................

............................................................................
Please follow the other 5 parts of Day 2 show on You Tube...
...........................................................................

In this knol, I just tried to tell the importance of moving in personality development. I will try to illustrate, how both personality and moving can be linked to moving vertically across social ladder.

Reading Society

2012-01-20T11:58:00.000-08:00

My first cultural shock at time, when even I hadn’t heard of cultural shock was when I saw some boys from a religious minority community of Quetta city had dyed their hairs with medium blond. It was a Reflex Reaction like those of Knee-jerk reaction when one steps in some sharp thing or eye-blinking to sudden exposure of intense light as I hadn’t seen anybody dying hair in blond color. Though it was a cultural shock but it allowed me to understand the layered society that I was growing in. The dyeing of hair was an expression of dissatisfaction of those boys with their appearances and status in the society. In short it was a sign of identity dissatisfaction. Later on, I found this phenomenon is cosmopolitan and people change their appearances as a sign of identity dissatisfaction. Some religious minorities in Quetta were living in walled colonies and were attached largely to specific professions like sweepers in Municipality, Nurses in Hospitals and as Railway Workers. Those were kinds of jobs that others communities generally hesitating to have. It was not only religious minorities who were somewhat involved in those professions but also a sub-tribe by name of “Lodhi” who were largely iron-smith by profession and it was common to see them in Quetta making and repairing iron tools. In fact, it was really offensive to call someone Lodhi (it was meant useless person).

I was wondering that if Constitution of the country in large have given freedom and equal opportunity to all citizen irrespective of their religious and tribal affiliations (though the quota system is a biased law that discriminate among citizen based on their tribal affiliations and locality) and also religion does not permit to discriminate (though extremists don’t see it this way) then why some professions are considered to be the domain of the certain communities or layers in society. When I learnt about caste system in India then it was easy for me to understand that these layering were inherited from Indian society. Here is a documentary to learn in brief about caste system..

Society and its institutions whether it is culture, religion, tribes, communities, government, corporations… all are structured and to read a society we need to learn about the social structures. Though social structures are evolved to keep society in order but the social classes are coming out as their products. Even in very liberal and advanced society like US, the class system is a natural outcome of social structure. Following educational video though it is an old one but still illustrates very well this phenomenon,

The bitter side of social class is that; if you are born in a lower social class or in a minority community in any country (even in a liberal society), you are going to have a very different experience than members of majority group/ higher social class. It seems that class struggle is a perpetual struggle.

In a next part of this knol, I will try to illustrate how psyche of people shifts along classes as we progress and why Carl Marx’s prediction that communist revolution will follow a capitalism crisis didn’t come true after 1920’ great depression (instead fascism rose and lead to WWII) and also it didn’t come true in current crises of capitalism (Is there a new kind of fascism underway as it happened after 1920's great depression?)…

Who owns internet?

2012-01-17T21:05:00.000-08:00

The only thing that corporations do not understand is that web is not their private property. It is something belong to humanity yet they want to claim it as their private property and flaws in the system is there to serve them... The thing to worry is the censorship of internet which will lead to a new kind of class system, those who are born to be privileged by laws and those who are born to be under-privileged by laws... My understanding is that, the efforts to censor internet is to have bigger bites on already thinned capital of common people will only shift the centers of ideas. It is the nature of ideas to seek no boundary and stay only with good hosts... So, let's see....the coming of a new dark age (It is the dawn of dark age as it is going to force people to think according to their pocket sizes and also put more time to worry about ownership than learning or creating something :(

Mind -Maps

2012-01-15T19:56:00.000-08:00

There is a saying that, “whole is more than its parts”. Well, that is true but if one wants to study a scholar, a good practice asks to look for parts than whole, meaning a young Marx/Nietzsche is not the same as a middle aged Marx/Nietzsche. So to understand well, one needs to go in parts rather than in whole. The same is true about all of us, what we are today, weren’t the same a decade ago. What has changed in us? Besides, other biological changes, the main change that has happened is the increasing detailing of our mind-maps.

If you ask one, “Who do think, will quickly solve a math problem, a mathematician or a novelist?” OR “who do you think will draw a closer image of you? An artist or a Physicist?”…he/she will not take time to answer you. He doesn’t need to know results of I.Q scores to pass his judgment. Just knowing that one has put a lot of time in a field is enough to know who is going to do better…

Warren Buffet is known as a most successful investor as well as one of the richest men in the world. In a time that is known as age of computers, there is no computer on his office desk. Instead, he spends most of his time reading. He is also known for not wasting his time in visiting the businesses he buys or sells. How can he be so different than others? One of the main reasons believed he has built the most “detailed mind maps” of the companies in his head by reading a lot about them over years, based on which he invest and sells and earns. You can say, this is one of his many open secrets.

In short, experts have more detailed mind-maps of their subjects than others so their minds can navigate easily, can think and understand better than others in their fields. Making oneself to familiarize with a field is essential for clear thinking in that field. Partial information or partial knowledge is more likely to end in misjudgments and misunderstanding.

If you look to ancient map, a medieval age map and Google earth image of city of Rome, one thing stands out very clear that by passage of time and compilation of knowledge on geography; the maps are more informative and easier to navigate despite of enormous growth of the city over time.

I chose this image just randomly from Google image to illustrate how mind-maps helps in visual organizations of our internal mind-maps...

Knowing that our minds build a map when think hard about a topic, teachers encourage students, when they begin to write essays or stories. Mind mapping as an external visual tool helps in organizing better our thinking patterns. Of course, what is in mind comes out on the paper. Simply, accumulating knowledge helps detailing the mind map and makes it easy to have choices for stronger and better points besides flexibility in organizing it.

You may say, “Well, I know all these things so why to repeat them?”…. The main reason for elaborating mind map from different angles was a few conclusions that I wanted to draw and to use them for my next knol,

- Culture is a kind of template for “general mind map”. Let me explain a little bit,
The cultural products like, books, articles, music, movies, games, etc are the end products of the mind maps. When we consume these cultural products, consciously or unconsciously our mind-maps (thinking patterns) are reshaped. As cultures are changing rapidly so are our mind-maps…

- While computers and networks are providing both information and mind-mapping soft-wares and tools yet we need other individuals to challenge, excite and inspire us.

- The love of something is a pre-condition for a having better mind-maps as it requires time and hard works to collect information and detail the mind-map on specific field.

- There is less truth in big gaps in intelligence but rather there are gaps in love of the fields that make difference….

Crime, Law, values and peace

2012-01-14T20:55:00.000-08:00

Introduction

Though, the love of peace is an eternal desire of every human but there is also satisfaction paralleling with peace. Power, wealth, knowledge, fame, etc put men into conflicts with each other because these are social characteristics and men share them with each other. Everyone struggles for a bigger share and hence it put men into conflicts. It is why Machiavelli defined politics as a “perpetual conflict”. Surely, the satisfactions are momentarily as by achievements men grow for a desire of bigger achievements. When one grows, he expands his rights for bigger share because he sees himself capable of getting bigger shares. And why should he stop himself of getting more share while he can do? Surely! Everyone has some capability to grow and hence the power to effect others. The capability of everyone to effect each other forced men to create codes of interactions, exchanges and socializations that collectively, we know as laws.

Peace: Laws are social adaptations in order to achieve peace. Laws are also adapted to achieve order in a human population living together. Hence laws are evolutionary products that evolved men to evolve societies, cities, countries and civilizations and in today’s world a global village. If we look from perspective of law, peace and order is synonym. Hence we can define in social terms as, “Peace is a social order”.

Now when we have defined peace as well as we have known the nature of peace, so studying and discussing peace is a not a difficult task for us. As laws are men’s products as they depend on human experience, knowledge and intellect. As men’s intellect, experience, and knowledge grow so the laws are also grow. Based on these conclusions it is easy to deduce that every society has its own levels of orders relative to their experiences and knowledge. Similarly, we can deduce that every society has its own level of peace.

Peace is not just absence of violence but it is level of order. How much a society has peace depends on its level of order. As there are levels of order so there is levels of conflicts. Before going to discuss more elaborately the relations between laws, crime culture and peace, I would like to pose a radical question here. As Machiavelli defined politics as perpetual conflicts, so is there possible that there is perpetual peace also. My answer is certainly, yes. As peace is social order, so it was existed as men getting to know about them. There were always order to some degree in terms of family, tribe, nation, organizations and etc.

Laws: “Law is the minimum requirement of a human’s society to live in. Laws are made and approved by consensus.” ” If one breaks the laws or fails to comply with laws then it is understood that he is not fit with orders of society or he is dangerous for peace of society. Hence he is declared criminal. The laws are there to make criminals back to order and for this different kinds of disciplinary actions or punishments are devised. However, laws are the source of excellence. Those who abide laws are not considered as special as it is expected from all members of society to abide laws of that society. In other words it is the responsibility of every citizen to abide laws.

Values: Yes! Every society has its own systems of excellence. These systems of excellence which are commonly known as values make individuals according to them special. An individual is valued according to his values.

Argument: Laws are developed as historical developments and social adaptations of men to attain order and peace. Laws are neither the source of excellence nor abiding them people special but they are responsibility of every citizens and members of society as they are the assurance of safety of specialties, achievements, progress and weak that can’t defend an survive by themselves. It doesn’t mean that societies are devoid of any means of excellence. Every society has developed their own systems of excellence for everyone equally and these are known as values. There are organizations and institutions in every society for helping its members achieving and evolving in these values.

More important than this is the fact that laws are mechanism for peace. Because peace is neither satisfaction nor it is the end of conflicts. Conflicts are perpetual and satisfactions are momentarily, so peace is real sense is order. Peace was existed there forever living side by side of conflicts. I accept that conflicts never end and will always be on work as a "hub of evolution" but I also believe that, "conflicts are also evolving" and this evolution would distinguish us from the "perpetual conflicts of beasts". What I mean by peace is not end of conflicts but evolution of conflicts from beastly competition to human competitions. The competitions which ensure "freedoms of human consciousness" that lead us to human excellence". What men have constructed are "civilizations" and what men compete each other for in conflicts are also for construction and development of civilizations. The sources of conflicts are the differences between visions of "civilizations". It is inhuman to destroy a civilization. It is just expression of shallowness in level of evolution or more clearly, "expression of beastly conflicts".

There are several reasons for differences between visions of civilizations. The main reason is ignorance. Ignorance, about other civilizations and ignorance in understanding them and both types of ignorance exist in today’s world of information technology. The main reasons for lack of understanding are lack of interest or a threat to interest and misinformation that benefit some individuals.

These individuals are the sources of consensus which make laws. Surely every system has flaws which make powerful and wealthy individuals in ranks of decision making. The consensus between these powerful and wealthy individuals does not always represent the consensus and desire of people they represent. These laws and policies that these individuals make are the sources of international conflicts. Misinformation and ignorance about other civilization suit the positions and interests of them so they try to keep them molded in their own benefits. Awareness and empowerment of common people by new technologies are one of hope to reduce ignorance and make people more able to decide about themselves and about the relations with fellow men. The empowerment of masses may also help in making laws that assure justice and sustainable peace by evolving beastly conflicts into humanly conflicts.

Conclusion: Men can achieve perpetual peace from the smallest unit that is individual to global level by evolving laws. For evolution of laws it is necessary to evolve the consensus through which laws come. If the laws are made out of consensus of powerful and neglected the weak, beastly conflicts will not evolve to human conflicts.

Personality in context of social adaptations

2012-01-14T20:52:00.001-08:00

Evolutionary psychology looks for adaptations of men to its environment. Surely, the basic needs for survival come first but it is not so easy as comparing men’s need with animals and plants needs. Yes! The air, food, water, reproduction, shelter, clothing and transports are common but the means of achieving these basic needs became too complex for men as compared to animals and plants. Hence while analyzing human behaviors, his motivations and cognitions one also keep in mind the evolution of human society which shape human personality. If we start studying human personality in the context of evolving human societies, so we should divide the human personalities into different historical eras as well as dividing them according to developmental level of the society which brought up that person.

As the basic needs of men are common, so the human nature but what have changed is behaviors. For example the need of the food is same as were for earlier men or animals and plants but kinds of foods and perspective of food has changed in every era of human history as well from culture to culture. As the personality of men results from his adaptations, so these changes in perspectives and behavior count in development of personality. Clothing is a necessity but choices and designs have changed and are changing continuously. Hence keeping the changing behavioral of men we try to find out some basic things that effect most human adaptations in ever growing organic societies.

1- Purchasing Power: - The most important factor that affects human personality within a society and among societies is the purchasing power. It is an established fact that especially socialists rely on most in analyzing human society and history. Surely the class system exists and people of different classes have adopted different life styles and hence different personalities. Due to the large purchasing power, people in high class society think of themselves superior than other classes, so they express their superiority in different manners of show off of wealth. Surely, as lower classes can’t afford the same show offs, so they feel inferiority. These feelings of superiority and inferiority are the truest component of personalities that existed in past and will exists for ever. Technological advancing can’t do anything with this behavioral constant. Technological advances change behaviors of people as use of technology bring more quality and speed in works but it also brings new problems and issues. Surely, when new technologically advanced products come into market, it is only affordable by higher societies, so they became the signs of superiority. As these products are massively produced, their prices become low enough that lower classes also can afford, hence higher classes look for alternative products.

2- Level of knowledge and creativity: - Knowledge also works like purchasing power. Knowledge specialize people and provide a rank and position in organizations and society. Knowledge in itself is influential developer of personality. As one specialize in a field of knowledge and even in a profession his personality mold into it. People expect differently from individuals with different levels of knowledge. People meeting with a high ranking scholar forget their own positions and ranking in respect to his knowledge. This is truer about religious scholars. As knowledge grow ones visions change about matter and he or she become less dependent on other factors that affect development of personality. Knowledge has the power to make scholars above from normal fitness criteria in a human society. Stronger tool is creativity. Creativity generates knowledge so a creative one has a higher position and ranking than a scholar. A creative self is more aware of himself than any other thing so he is less affected by other factors of adaptations. He creates his own world and environments and even rules of adaptations. He has more freedom though not a total freedom in adaptations especially in voluntary factors of adaptations. A creative self is a personality different than others as he lives in different world and has adapted a different life. How much a creative one succeeds in coordinating his creations with existing world is question of survival of a creative self? As the world and environment of a creative one is not an established world, so the most serious question is the survival of his/her new created world. A creative person can neglect everything but not natural orders. Hence beside creativity he/she needs to have a strong knowledge of natural world.

3- Customs and traditions: - Customs and traditions also affect the personality and it also work to some extent like knowledge and purchasing power but as its acquiring is easy and common as compared to purchasing power and knowledge, so its ranks and application is lower. As every society, group of people, nation, city and country has their own standards and traditions, so these traditions need some time to acquire. Knowing these traditions is the basic criteria for acceptability of individuals to these societies. Traditions are the sources of pride so people are more conscious about them. Traditions are so effective in controlling the developments of personalities that some psychologists and anthropologists have devised personalities types based on them. These personality types and modals depict a particular culture through these personalities. The effect of traditions and cultures are more obvious on culture oriented societies and in persons who strictly bounded by his culture and tradition. The invasion of pop cultures and conflict with approaching cultures are also play a vibrant role in development of personalities. Introduction of new cultural values cause a conflict inside the societies and even inside the families.

4- Religion: - Religions and ideologies are alternative worlds in which despite of evolutionary adaptations men adopt to set of creative adaptations. These adaptations are linear despite of cyclic, hence experimental. Here men adopt a set of principles and tries to modify both his life and environment to these principles. It is a higher level of adaptations. These parallel worlds and higher adaptations develop totally different personalities. Those persons, who have adapted to higher level of religious or ideological life, look strange and sacred by others and thought as superman as they have succeeded to adopt a superior world. The personalities that develop due to adaptations to these parallel worlds behave in specific ways and it is easy to predict their behaviors in certain circumstances. Their lives are objective and purposeful so they are more certain and have resolved personalities. Spirituality is a higher state of mind beyond logic and reasoning which are mental adaptations to the environment of men which are both inherited and developed by cyclic adaptations. By cyclic adaptations, I mean the adaptations that one learn from experience and repeated mental practices. Spirituality on contrasts is more based on beliefs and intuitions. Certainty and creativity are two strong tools in contrasts to adaptations with which men create alternative world in which men evolve more rapidly than their current adaptation levels. These religions and ideologies are devised to make men supermen, means men more evolved than current evolutionary levels.

5- Achievements: Achievements are what change the course of life, thoughts and hence personality. Men, with achievements are satisfied and have a positive attitude towards their lives and towards themselves and hence their personalities are fit to grow fast. On contrary, the lack of achievements causes helplessness and hopelessness and hence the men get a negative attitude towards life. This negative attitude weakens them and degrades their personalities. Certainly, the listed factors of adaptations have their positions in contributing in composition of personality but it is ones achievements that use them all to shape a personality. Achievements are the editors of all other factors. How many individuals I know that have drastic changes in their lives after small achievements. Violent, careless and irresponsible individuals become responsible persons who were working hard to have more achievements and creating opportunities for others to make their growth normal. Achievements are the greatest social healers. If a society wants to grow faster than others then they have to focus on creating opportunities for their citizens. As rate of opportunities increase surely the rates of achievements also increase. It makes people more hopeful by having positive achievements towards life. Achievements are the generator of Peace, progress, resolving conflicts and making rooms for more creativity.

6- Race: A race with expansionist ambitions who have dominated in different fields proves their dominancy the members of this race become proud due to feelings of superiority. The small races, especially those who have become victims of these expansionisms feel inferiority. If the dominated races have used creativity for their progress and glory, then it make the feeling of superiority more strong among its members. Cultures and achievements of these dominant races become more acceptable and valuable as people look to them as causes of success and as source of superiority and civilization. It is a very effective, dominant and most visible part of personality and behaviors. I have seen this phenomenon very frequently, that when a westerner walks in streets, people try to speak to them and look to them as an alien. The people don’t know what that westerner is? May be a criminal who are searching for a safe sanctuary. On contrary an easterner, whether he is a scholar or common man looked as an inferior person to even very common westerners. Surely, this behavior is not new. It is a historical phenomenon. It is possible, that in future west lose their position to some eastern countries as once it was.

7- Appearance: Appearance affects both in positive and negative ways. Physical appearance is both constructive and destructive to personalities. It is mostly depends in visualizing of that physical appearance both by society and the individual, himself. There are many examples that a physical damage has played key roles in developing ones personality and successes. I know students due to their disability to play they have turned all their attentions to their studies and have made careers that others have just wished and they earned positions and respects that amazed others. On contrary, there are examples that due to physical beauty some students have spoiled their personality and destroyed their lives and beauties. Physical beauty attracts people, so it may spoil and construct a personality. Those who developed their other qualities and haven’t exploit their natural quality, the physical beauty provided them the confidence and attraction that helped them make visible their other qualities and hence added to their achievements and successes. People with physical disability or with not an acceptable appearance, usually fail to attract people, hence naturally they feel inferiority. If this sense doesn’t overcome then it will destroy the personality as these individuals escape visibilities and hence competitions and development of their personalities. Cosmetics and medical science has improved enough that they can help improve physical appearance, hence it must not an obstacle in way of development of personality.

8- Authority: Authority from consensus. It is what everyone knows, so authority is a kind of social recognition for fitness of a person. It is not necessary that the men in authority are the fittest persons. Most of time authority is not due to personal evolution but due to social evolution. It is the society which provides ranking and give authority to everyone according to their rankings. Societies are always less evolved than evolved persons, as societies are the organized sum of individuals and people are at different levels of evolutionary positions. A society has to accommodate all these individuals so its pace of evolution becomes slower than evolved individuals. As authority comes from consensus of society, so it is not necessary that people chose the best minds or the most evolved individuals as more authoritative but it is more close that people chose those who are more close to their evolutionary levels. Other reason that fittest persons are not most authoritative individuals is the level of evolution of society. Every society has developed its own methods of ranking, so they chose individuals according to their own methods. Factors of age, family, locality, religion, wealth and education are some examples that most societies have adopted for their rankings. Ranking and authority affect personalities as both individuals and society measure ones fitness according to their rankings and positions in society.

9- Recognition/Identity/fames: Though recognition, identity and fame are not same thing but in term of adaptations they are rooted in same thing and that is a sense of fitness. They are rooted in satisfaction they are fitted to their environment and their survival is assured. When we say survival, we don’t mean just living but survival for men and even for other organisms is immortality. The difference between two struggles for immortality is in levels of evolution. Animals and plants struggle for this through spreading their genes, the real identity of them but as men are more evolved they not only struggle to spread their genes but use other methods. Men use their creativity to prove their fitness. Egyptian pyramids, great wall of china, the race for sky scrapers, giant statue of Buddha in Bamiyan and a lot of other amazing struggles are evidence of this property of men. The struggles for getting recognitions, identity and fame are also the causes of most conflicts. As these conflicts can be seen in small children and also in old men and women, so it is natural to deduce that it is part of instinct of living organisms. Competitions and even sometimes wars shape and reshape these struggles. These competitions and wars are tests of fitness of organisms, that either the identity or recognitions that they claim is true or not? Surely! What is in genes will express themselves in personalities also. According to levels of identity and recognition, one gets response from other. How one sets his struggle for changing his current level of recognitions and identity will be milestones in development of his personality.

10- Migration: Migration has always been a very contributing factor in development of nations and cultures. There are many examples of migration in history that have changed the face of history but migration become a routine in modern world as travels become a matter of days and hours. Cultural exchange and changing nationalities are real issues of modern world that have economical, cultural, psychological and hence political effects on both migrants and nationalities which well come them. Migrations are filling the gaps between races, cultures, religions and hence civilizations. It is increasing the tolerance of people and understanding of fellow human. Migrations are turning cities into cosmopolitan cities and hence enhancing attractions of wealth, knowledge and creative ideas. The diversification of cities though bring some conflicts in terms of identity and economic competitions but these are expected part of transitional stages. The level of maturity of cities affects the personalities of its dwellers, so the thoughts and behaviors of people are connected to maturity of cities in terms of diversity. Duration of exposure to diversity and level of diversity effect perceptions and visions. Here I just want to give an example to elaborate the connection between migration and personality. Two cousins migrated to Australia, one was exposed to diversity and another one not. The one who was exposed to diversity chose Sydney as his new home and other one Adelaide. When I asked the reasons for these choices, the one who was exposed to diversity replied me, “I chose Sydney because this is a large and diverse city. This city provides me more opportunities to grow than other ones. I know Sydney is an expensive city to live and I have to work harder and face more challenges but I welcome these challenges as they provide me more room to grow. On other my cousin chose Adelaide because it is smaller city with less diversity. Life here is quieter and cheaper so he loves a calm and less challenging life and is ready to grow more slowly”. By providing this example I don’t mean that people exposed to diversity always accepting challenges and diversity and those haven’t exposed escape out of it but I mean people who are exposed to diversity are more comfortable to adopt new and diverse places and who aren’t feeling difficulty in doing so.

11- Socialization: How one is reared and in which circumstances are also an important factor in development of personality. Large families where there are many children, the attention of parents are divided among children, hence children learn to avoidance and compromise. Here the children mature earlier than expected time as children learn from each other. Surely, the position of a child among other children play key role in development of his personality and hence his position in society. Usually, the older child is slower in response than younger as they got less exposure than younger ones. Younger children use the experiences of older one and him to become more learned one. Though this is not always a rule. It is possible that because older one got more attentions so, his education help him to be in position of leadership and learn by his experience and knowledge how to rule. Beside position of a child among children, the tradition of child rearing is also important in development of personality of children. Some traditions provide more freedom and opportunities of self-reliance; hence here children’s positions are mostly their personal struggles. In some traditions child are taught to be more compromising and follow the hierarchy of leaderships in families and society. Here children are more traditional and their developments are mostly relied on social struggles. Though it is also not a rule as some children take these traditions in their own opportunity while others fail to do so. As family is the first place in socializations and the first and real school of a child, so the way a family introduce children to each other and society is key in development of personality of children. What is given preference in a family build the attitude of children towards life and world? If a family gives preference to education, surely their children will be more educated while if a family gives preference to money, the children will search for making money. Cultural and religious preferences of families are also key in development of behaviors of children.

12- Age and gender: As per rule of historical development a personality is changed by passing time. By accumulation of new experiences, knowledge, opportunities and situations one change his positions and visions. Developmental stages effects one personality and hence it is natural to expect different personalities in every decade of age of a person like twenties, thirties, and so on. Every decade of a human has its own physical, mental and social demands which affect the personality of an individual. It is quiet natural to expect of a boy playing with mud and from a man in his thirties creating an artifact from mud. This expectation indicates of unconsciously accepting a change in personality with growing age. Gender, is a biological specialization of human. Both men and women are affected by their genes. The physical and mental developments of both sexes are separate and at same time every society behaves differently by both sexes differently according to their customs, traditions, cultures and laws. These differences in developmental stages as well as different behaviors and expectations from both sexes affect their personalities. Surely! As time change the perspectives about both sexes are changed. Similarly new traditions will also modify their behaviors about both sexes but it is impossible that basic biological and mental differences between both sexes wiped out. These are evolutionary adaptations of life. It is not adaptation of men that they could change but of life, hence change in life is only modification on basic lines.

Argument: - Though purchasing power, knowledge, race, nationality, culture, tradition, religion, appearance and many other factors play vital roles in development of a personality but lives of great men is lead us to different conclusions which are normally observable. There are many great men who evolved out of environments that lack most of above mentioned characteristics that are necessary for development of positive and productive personalities. The stories of these great men are told and taught in schools to inspire and encourage students to make their ways into productive parts of society. Observable examples are self made personalities. It is very famous that self made personalities are undefeatable. Self made personalities are evolved their internal qualities to find ways out of miserable lives into desired one or fittest parts of society. What is most important in lives of great men and self made personalities are their two main qualities and that are,

1- They did something unique and different from others.

2- They took risks of practicing something new and untested.

The two points that have been the source of success and development of great men and self made personalities require two qualities. For doing something unique and different requires creativity and for taking risks one requires courage. Creativity and courage are two qualities that are dominantly natural and can overcome all social requirements that we have listed for evolution of personalities. But besides, it is also important to note that a particular environment play key role in producing great men. An environment where creativity is polished and praised has the potential for producing great men. We have seen that a particular period in life of a nation is very important for that nation as they have produced great men in that duration that changed the face of that nation. Commonly we know such periods in life of a nation as a golden age. Surely, those ideal environments come out of some inspirations. This inspiration may come from thirst for truth and power of convincing fellow citizen as in classic Athens or thirst for scientific discoveries and inventions as in reconnaissance in Western Europe and first half of twenty first century. These inspirations may also come from thirst for social change as in revolutions and freedom movements. The communists and Islamic revolutions and freedom movements in colonized countries are evidence of such inspirations. These inspirations also come from thirst of progress and making a nation glorious and notable among the nations of world. Countries that are known as Asian tigers like Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, are example of this inspirations. Iran and UAE are another example of such inspirations.

Inspirations that create environments for evolutions of great men and self made personalities are common vision that a nation get. This vision might be processed to come from a single visionary man or from a group of visionary men.

DRIVING AGENTS OF HISTORY

2012-01-14T20:49:00.000-08:00

Introduction

Role of nature in History of primitive men

"Sociobiology" is a book of Edward Wilson that was first published in 1975. Though it was controversial and still a lot of people might not accept the approach, however it exists. In Sociobiology Wilson looked to human behaviors through process of natural selection, means just like other organisms. It is interesting to note that human don't need a land bridge to cross oceans like other mammals. Unlike all other organisms human carry tons of heavy goods through water and air. It is just one example that shows, how the history of men is different than history of other organisms.

When we look to human history it was not like what we see today. Primitive men just like other mammals needed a land bridge to cross oceans (We have oceanic mammals like Dolphin that live in ocean, however they do not use ocean to migrate but live in ocean). Ice age created such a land bridge for Primitive men to cross oceans. We know about the story of continental drift. Jigsaw puzzle of North American continent and African plate led to idea of continental drift and later on plate tectonics. Another similar puzzle was the presence of Red Indian on American continent, presence of Aborigian in Australian continent and Japanese and other South China sea islands in stone age. How these primitive people could have crossed the oceans?

Rock strata have records of several ice ages in earth history. Last ice age is very important to men as they can trace their history to that ice age or at least can explain the presence of human populations in distant lands that surrounded by vast and deep water bodies. How those primitive men could cross these oceans while they had not the technological advances that needed for crossing those oceans?

Image source:
http://www.planetaryvisions.com/thumbs_new/2226_ban.jpg

Ice age provides us the clues for land connections. As vast areas of water bodies began to freeze and the level of the oceans start dropping, it may provided the chance to cross the oceans. American Indians did not have horses domesticated before European settlers may indicate that primitive men of that age may had not succeeded in introducing the animals in their daily life or it is also possible the animals like horses could not survive in their journey in crossing the freezing waters. These crossing may be occurred 50,000 BC as there are evidence of human occupation in the Northern Territory of Australia which dates back to 52,000 years.
The Asians are even older as the native Australian and Americans migrated from Asia to those lands. Our discussion is not how old is human but how men made their history and what made men’s history. The early migrations of men are the earliest records of the prehistoric times. Before the migrations men were present on the surface of the earth. Migration of primitive men correlate with migration of other organisms who are in mercy of nature. It was harsh cold environment of ice age that both forced men as well as facilated them to migrate and hence dominate the earth. From first major migration in ice age to later migrations of nomadic tribes we see the role of migration as an empire creating process. Migration is a natural process that is still shaping and reshaping human history.

Creativity carves history

Historians divide the history of human in broad classes of pre-historic times, ancient history, medieval history and the modern history. In pre-historic times men did not recorded their history so the sources of our information about them are just from their remains as their tools, housing, etc. We divided the pre historic times in Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. Chinese cave dwellers in the northern china date back to the 500,000 years ago.

The Stone Age clearly indicate certain things,

1) Primitive men were mostly habitant of mountainous areas as mountains were providing ready shelter as caves and were source of their instruments (stones). Nature were limiting the choices of primitive men and driving their actions. (Do not confuse this time of history, with evolution of men as men evolved in Savnnah of Africa and migrated from there to Asia with northern horn of Africa).

2) As most of mountainous areas are cold regions so primitive men were mostly inhabitants of cold areas.

These two things make human different from the human like animals that are believed as their ancestors. Primitive men must be the inhabitant of cold regions so they could have survived the ice ages and could migrate through the land connections between continents during ice age. The stone tools indicate that men were curious and intended to save themselves from hazards of nature or overcome their weakness by force of nature. Men were always aware of the creativity. The stones tools make evident that the first agent of the human history is the creativity of men. Stone tools are not remaining of kings, politicians, lords, traders but they are the remains of creative artisans, so the first pace of human history is their creativity.

Migration is a powerful tool of making history:

Migrations are not only important in history of modern men as are evident of European migration to America and Australia but it was also important in making history, when perhaps human might not much concerned about history. The migrations of men from continents to continents in search of food and shelter, indicate their curious nature.Though they had not recorded the history of their migrations, absence of technological advances and the spread of human populations, in far land clearly indicate their migrations. Those migrations caused differences of races languages, cultures, customs, religions and behaviors which later on shaped the human history. The settlement of men in suitable but diverse habitats, indicate that migrations of men were not as result of their instincts as today we evidence in other animals.

Transition from hunting from grain cultivating societies:

Perhaps for primitive men living on plains were difficult as plain areas provide less shelter as compared to mountainous areas. Plain areas also provide less hunting opportunities. Hence living in plain areas was a revolutionary change in history of human. It was requiring innovation in every aspect of life in order to sustain life, from social system, to building shelters and hunting. The biggest innovation was a trasitional shift from hunting to more cultivating life style.The settlement of men on plain areas was an evolution of their creativity. Animals were and are also migrating in search of food, shelter and suitable places for reproduction but they had not settled like men to develop societies with particular distinctions.

Characterizations of human history:

Photograph: by Khuda Dad Azara

We all are familiar with divisions of early human history into Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. You may call it chracterizations of human history where we relate human history to particular raw materials for tool making. Bronze Age was a revolutionary change in human history. I didn't use evolutionary change as we use during stone age because human in Bronz Age have evolved socieities. Changes in tool making sources were changing the whole human race. It remained true in whole human history. We see revolutionary changes in human history by introduction of gun powser, compass, printing machine, Engine, Electricity, Nuclear fission, Digitalization, etc.

It is interesting to note that archeologists are so occupied with three age systems of Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age that some in Archeological Institute of America proposed to name the decade of 1970's as "WOOD AGE" because of overwhelming usage of wood in every aspect of American life. Not stoping here, they proposed to name the decade of 1980's as "NEON AGE" for sake of the same reason.

Bronze and then Iron made able men to make diverse tools. Men with swords, spears, and carts mus had felt, strength and they had, first time wish to conquer and rule the other settlements. If we say the human civilization started in the metal age, it doesn't seem wrong. The sense of empowerment by new tools, changed the human attitude and behaviors.

Roles of Active people VS Creative people in Human History:

These two groups of people (Active and creative) rule human society, however it seems that the role of creative people is increasing in ratio to active people in human history. From ancient tribal system, to empires and democratic nation states, there were always a small number of people in human societies were ruling over majority. These people are called active people. They could be politicians, elites like military officers, warlords, landlords, industrialists, corporation owners, etc.

Creative people do not need much introduction especially in modern world where economies are going to capitalize more on human creativity than any other field. Creativity become such a dominant factor in world economy that is said, "In digital world of today, fiction is more real than facts". Some of the high-tech companies are making money more than GDP of a number of nations. You may be puzzled by what to choose of fast changing digital devices, to what have and what not to have? It is only the role of high-tech companies in economy but high-tech companies are becoming more vital in relations of nations. To excercise their powers, a nation punish another by banning on transfer of technologies or in order to reward a nation, some new technologies are transferred. Hence the transfer of technology have become a bargaining tool in the world power competitions.

The active people played more vital role than the creative people in early history of men because the rate of creativity was too slow than the rate of activity. Early history of men is limited to descriptions of kings, lords and generals, their wars and their methods of ruling. If there were constructions, discoveries, inventions or anything else, they were credited to kings. It is just recently that men are showing interests in creativity because they have experienced the results of creativity and hence are interested to understand the role creativity in the human history.

Gods, as desires to control the environment:

The god and goddesses that early civilizations like Egyptians, Greeks and Romans worshipped depicts their needs and interests. Egyptians god and goddesses are the combinations of humanly bodies with heads of different animals which reveal their concerns about their environments and everyday lives, e.g.

- Amun Re, Pharaoh with double plumed crown, falcon was sun god. The sun is the source of energy and light on earth.

Khepri, with beetle head was to make the sun rise and bring fertility to land. The only source of their livelihood was farming.

- Sobek, crocodile headed was the god of water, the whole life of Egyptian was depended on the river Nile.

- Anubis, jackal headed, was the god of mummifiction. The Egyptians was very conscious of the immortality.

- Isis, women wearing a sun disc and cow horn was protector of the dead and goddess of children. In the goddess they clearly expressed their wish of immortality after dead and in form of continuation of their race in the form of their children.

- Similarly they had goddess of love and beauty, god of learning and writing, god of storm and thunder and goddess of woe, etc.

Image Source:
http://www.ancient-egypt.org/religion/gods/horus_and_seth.jpg

The belief in these gods and goddesses were in reality belief in search for forces that rule the nature. Gods and Godesses were the work of human imaginations to satisfy the deep desires for power and control on nature and natural processes.

Ancient Greeks came up with the same solutions with additions of Gods and goddes for human creativity and intellect, e.g, Zeus; king of heaven and earth, Hira; queen of deities and wife of Zeus, Apollo; sun god, hena; goddesses of wisdom, Ero; god of love, Hades; king of underground, Hephaestus god of fire and metal working,...etc

Writing/digitalization as real tools of making history:

We are living in a time that history is repeating itself. Our time is comparable to time when writing was invented. Writing provoided a tool to record events in more details and make it accessible to coming generations. In a sense it was the real beginning of making of history. In a digital period, history is repeating itself as it gave the common people to record their lives by digitalizations of their personal life. Human history has entered in a new phase. To some of us it may seem frightening as we have not learnt, how to cope with explosion of information. No one can understand better the importance of information than a historian whether he is a paleontologist or an archeologist. They invest a lot of time and resources to preserve every piece and details of information preserved in pieces of rocks and try their best to interpret the information to reconstruct the history. Internet is new form of fossilizations of personal lives that certainly change the course of investigation of future historians.

The most significant event in ancient history is the inventions of writing by Samarians and the beginning of recording history in Mesopotamia. This was turning point in the human history as it separated the prehistoric time from the ancient history. Of all achievements of this region, inventions of writing, inventions of letters, recording history and creating first code of ethics or first laws are heavier not only from their all other achievments but also from all other human achievements later on in history of men.

Historically, prominance of this region is due to their building strong cities, defeating and enslaving Jews, which were also mentioned in Bible (Annihilation of Babylon by founder of Iranian Nation, King Cyrus: Isaiah 44:22 to 45:2), however they had not significant impact on human history as their invention of writing.

Knowledge VS Construction:

The Egyptian, Greek and Persian civilization were nearly contemporary but our world are most influenced by Greeks rather than Egyptians and Persians. Egypt and Persia were stronger than Greeks. The Greeks especially the Athenians are famous for their philosophers and being father of modern states. On other hand, Egyptians and Persians are famous for their construction and rich cultures.

Map Source: http://alionline.net/persia/images/map-persia-large.jpg

Though Persian empire successfully expanded their territory to large expanse of central Asia, Middle East and South Asia, however they lost these territories. Iranian arts and culture, enriched the Muslim Arabs that conquered Iran, so Persian empire remained alive through the achievements in philosophy, art, and literature, constructions.

Impacts of nations on each other:

When we look on the impact of ancient nations on modern world, we are amazed of interconnectedness of ancient nations and the common heritage of humanity. The system of modern governments are dominantly influenced by Roman empire.

Though, Chinese remained isolated from the world because of their geographical locations however Mongolian conquests opened its door to outside world. The gun powder, printing arts and compass played key role in rennaissance and emergence of Modern Western civilization and modern world. It was not the only time China have transformed the world. In modern time, as China opened its doors to world, it has transformed again the world. If the China had still its doors closed to world, the recent global financial depression would have a very different face.

The role of Muslims in changing Europe during rennaissance is also a well known fact. Muslims, especailly those who lived in Muslim Spain, North Africa and Turkey transferred the knowledge they have preserved from Ancient Greeks, Persians and Hindus. Muslims have also revolutionized the world by evolving the Science by stressing on experiments and compiling evidences. In simple words, were it not Muslims translators and scholars, a great part of Greek, Persian and Hindu acheivements would lost.

Cultural conquest:

Human minds and heart is ultimate place to stabilize a conquest. Military force can conquest physical space but were it not accompanied by cultural conquest, it will turn into expensive defeat. Today world are amazed more from unique Chinese culture, art, style of constructions, choosing government officials, medicines, method of curing, philosophy, etc. from historic China. The inventions of paper by Chinese revolutionized the world as it made easy and cheap the saving as well expansion of knowledge. It also helps to make knowledge in approach of common man. The invention of block printing by Chinese was the first step in the way of modern electronic printing. The teaching of Confucius changed the life style of Chinese. Chinese had a particular attitude, behavior with each other which become part of their psyche due to the teachings of Confucius. Though Mongols conquered the China and ruled the China but because of the weaknesses in the field of creativity they lost their identity in the Chinese society, so he Chinese not defeated as her creative achievement had that much capacity the conqueror dissolved in it. Today the Mongolia is considered as a small and an uncountable country though once Mongolians ruled Asia, Africa and Europe. If the Mongols had great creative achievements along with their active achievement today their affects still exist in the conquered areas. Muslims were totally vanished from the Spain but their creative achievements still evidence their existence. Muslims don’t rule the India any more but their creative achievements are the sign of cultural India. Taj Mahal represent as a symbol of beauty and love that is character Muslim’s architecture left in India. In India develops two nation theories because both nations had strong creative achievements so there was naturally resistance for survival of both nations. If any one of these nations did not had creative achievements would dissolved in another one.

Muslims though were in minority kept alive their recognition due to rich creative achievements they had. Alexander the great made immortal his activities by leaving the creative memorials and construction wherever he conquered. Roman history is full of both creative and active achievements. They organized their Army, expended their territories, and devised a government system. Their construction are the richest of all which the Italy, especially city of Rome unique among worlds architectural styles. The Greek and Roman games and festivals became the nucleuses of modern world games and festivals. Today people know some third world countries because of their games especially South American countries and some African countries. Game is a kind of activity that has earned a historic frame for individuals as well as for nations. How architectural designs are important in history of nation can be realized by the Sydney Opera House which became the recognition of Sydney and Sydney the recognition of Australia. Medieval ages were not the silent era. There were wars between kings and lords. There were expansion of territories but again remember that age as dark ages. Why, because there was no creativity activity. The nations remained to live same for centuries. Though, the construction of this period like churches and castles are part of their creative works that become part of history. One thing here must be added that we talk about the creativity and activity but no favoring and moralizing depends upon the ones view or perceptions. Similarly creative work does not necessarily totally boost up the lives but it could result in mass destruction like modern weapons.

Islam appeared as a religion but revolutionaries amazingly a nation that had no creative or active back ground. Islam illuminates the black hole of civilization and turned Arabs of deserts to leaders of creative and active world. The most amazing part of Islam is how it filled the totally dried minds? How it convinced the wilds that had no taste of civilization? Islam begins its expansion as people revolution. It changes all aspects of individuals, families, tribes and societies by its unique government that was based on peoples struggle, "Jihad”. It is why Islam has soon spread all around. The other civilizations or kingdoms like Persia, Rome, and Egypt were all based on the high classes of the societies so they could not stand against Islam. Here is the difference between the history made by the peoples or mass activity or by activity of class of society. But these mass movements ended by establishing of dynasties in the Islamic countries. The deviation From Islamic teaching resulted in to restriction of creativities and activities to higher classes. Under the dynasties people’s creativities as well as activities became limited. When dynasties declined by divisions, the creativity and activity also declined. Even history saw a moment that some began to think that Islam is an old ideology and it can’t work in modern society or it is impractical in modern ages. A region that illuminate the blind minds in such a way that they become the leaders of the world, it certainly if illuminate a modern men they will change the history. It was proved by Imam Khomeini’s Islamic revolution, throw of the throne of the Iranian King by peoples struggle neither only be the part of society such a Mullahs nor by ruling classes. Muslim contribution in medicine, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy and construction are creative achievements. Their translation and interpretation of knowledge of older civilization made history as they preserved parts of history that were in danger. The activities that Muslims did in conquering the early civilization shaped later history, as it caused Crusade wars mobilized the Europeans. The crusades caused in cracking the dark ages as people mobilized due to involvements in wars. This caused in weakening of wars tight control of the feudal system. People that were involved in wars by observing outside world changed their minds. It caused the development of new classes such as scholars and traders beside the clergy men. It was the crusades that caused the renaissance in Europe. The movements of crusades has four obvious outcome;

1] The new areas introduced new products which resulted in trade.

2] The hold of Muslims on trade routes caused search for new routes.

3] It introduces new classes in to the feudal system.

4] New ideas come from new land which cause revival of Greeks ideas.

These all as a whole caused renaissance, which changed the old feudal system and prepared Europe to enter in to the modern age. The vital aspect of crusade was the people’s movement which by end of crusade turned for reforms. Because the renaissance was the continuation of people movement so it provides that much capacity that Europe can enter in the modern ages. The invention of printing press strengthens the people movement. The speed of the advancement was also because of people involvement, because at a single time the different aspects as blossomed as people of different interests were involved in their field. As the renaissance caused, people movement so it changed the religion by introducing Protestantism. It changed art and literature. It was the period of such great names as Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci and Shakespeare.

Galileo and Copernicus shifted the idea of the centrality of the earth to the centrality of the sun. It is important because it was also the change from centrality of blind beliefs to the centrality of the logic and observation. The discovery of Columbus was in reality the discovery of futures leading power. The discovery of new lands expended the capacity of the modern man to absorb the rapid advances of the modern ages. Now we came to the modern ages which have the wounds of two world wars, colonization, revolutions, freedom movements, clash between two economic system, globalization...?The industrial revolution, The telecommunication, revolution. The atomic ages and the age of space. The modern age is the most significant era of the human history as it has the more instants than any era in human history. Though the most prominent role-played by Europeans, Americans, Russians in both creative and active achievements but the other nations also played active role in the freedom movements, revolution and struggle for modernization. The two World Wars brought great turns in the modern history as they strengthen the sense of nationalism, caused in establishments of united nations, Wars attraction of investments in the science and research which caused great technological advances, Wars started the race for high technology among nations, wars weakened the control of power of times on the colonies and made the favorable environment for freedom movements. The two world wars shown to the men a new face of the impacts in history made that global activity. The globalization is the active creative of the historic processes but still has a great deficiency that it is still could not get the people movements but the high classes are pulling people in to the globalization process. The Bolshevik revolution in Russia and the communist revolution in China started the cold war. The significant fruits of the cold war are the space age as well as intercontinental missiles with nuclear war heads, but the most significant fruit is the restriction of the capitalism as it introduced the labor and consumer theory which cause in increase in middle class though it were not fruitful all around world equally and still the majority of the population of the world is living in awkward condition. In the Muslim part of the world the most historic event was the Islamic revolution of Iran, which influenced the Islamic minds and many Muslim movements begin that will shape the future history of the world.
Till now we have discussed the creative an achievements of civilization that were lead of higher classes or by the peoples movements that made history but there were activities and creativities that made history and for which individuals were responsible. Here we describe some of the many active and creative people that made history Menes the first pharaoh of the ancient Egypt that united the upper and the Lower Egypt and hence put the milestone of a great civilization and their creative achievements influenced later civilizations. Hamurabi wrote the first laws. It was the foundation of civics in the human history. A creative act put the milestone for the civilized socializations. Today nations are known from their laws as it is the laws that determine the direction of the whole nation. It is much important that modern men devised international laws and there are human rights movements throughout the world that it makes it possible that a government y making inhumane laws don’t squeeze nation or a part of nation. Though, it is not still successful as the so called civilized powerful still believed in might is right. Buddha, that turned the ways of life of a great part of Asia and his teachings are history maker as it influenced the cultures of two great civilizations along with many smaller nation of the area. Cultures and customs of an area play a great role in history as they made the habits and behavior and in turn they influence the human activities and creativities. Cyrus the great which put the milestone of a great civilization the Persian civilization which replaced earlier civilization and not only made the later history of the area but also influenced the Greeks and Egyptians by attacking on them. Cyrus is great not only because built a Persian civilization but also because he introduce a small nation like Persian a great nation that only challenges Babylonians, Greeks and Egyptians but played a vital role throughout later history till now. The Persian culture enriched greatly Islamic Culture and today their Islamic resolution revived the Islamic movement. It is not the strengths of population but it is the force creativity and activity of Persians that they have enriched the history of the area. Confucius [551-479BC] is a sign of the strengthened effectiveness of creativity. His creative teaching worked like a strong nucleus force in great Chinese society. The force of his teaching glued Chinese society more than two thousand year. His teaching influenced both rules and Chinese people so in later history of China his teachings were always present. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are three names that human history is more indebted to them as they provided the human creativity a direction and confidence by introducing and strengthening the knowledge. Today we put every scientific achievement in to the mathematical expression because we want to clean them from every kind of confusion that lead to the mistakes. Again we want to advance in to the vastness of unknown again the mathematics keeps us organize as lands of unknown covered by the thick forest of confusions. Mathematics is logical expression which develops out of creative behavior that these three great men show to the subjects of their study. Logical behavior works as a heart in the field of knowledge. Any where any time the logic was neglected the knowledge declined and confusion and superstition started growing. once Greek civilization looted it again could not recovered because they failed to recover the logical environment that produce logicians but whenever, anywhere on earth any nation without any distinction adopted this behavior they rose a great nation on the surface of the earth. Arabs after Islam, European nations after renaissances Russian, Chinese and Iranians after their revolution are example. Alexander the great because of his creative activity were always in mind as great men. His ideas which flourished under the influence of Greeks photosphere so his activities put a great influence in the human history as he influenced the behavior
.Alexandria was the expression of such idea that al human became a single nation. Today modern men are following him as they’re struggling for globalization. His conquering was in real sense preaching of the Greek civilization but it was limited to only to Alexander. his respect to the civilization is the behavior that still human kind could not fully realize or in other words men still could not evolved that much they respect the human civilization and they are still imprisoned by their prejudices. Men still could not get that much confidence that respect all human civilization as they all are unable to make recognition for themselves, so they have stick to prejudices as a defender of their recognition. There is general behavior of opposing and destroying the other civilization that remains themselves remains alive. It shows a clear feeling of weaknesses to enrich their own civilization that lead men. Shi Huangdi the first emperor of China united the China and this unity of Chinese remains throughout later history which made Chinese a nation. It is this long going unity that with the largest population and diversity of landscapes, Chinese still has strong sense of nation. The unification of China is more important that the building of Great Wall of China by Shi huangdi as the Great Wall of China cannot defend China against the Mongols but the unity of China saved their identity and recognition as Mongols dissolved in the vastness of this unity. The Great Wall of China also could not stop the Britain and the Japanese but the sense of Chinese nationality always saved their recognition against any invasion. The activities of Shi-huangdi though were cruel as he burnt the books, executed the scholars and forced the people to work on the Great Wall of China that thousands of them died but again his unification of China put great effects on later history of China. Theodosius a Roman emperor by making Christianity the official religion of Rome greatly shaped the later history of the world as it helped in the spreading Christianity all over of the Europe and the Rome become the center of the Christianity. Still Rome is the center of Christianity in] the world. In history of Medieval ages, in crusade war and during renaissance in Rome played a vital role. The important factor that that the Christianity played was that it made possible that Europeans interact with each other closely instead the diversity of nation as well as intrude in the colonized nations especially in African and American Continents. It played an important role as the slaves occupied nations mentally and spiritually become part of the invaders and their master and similarly the rival nation become come together in peace though there were wars throughout history among these rival nations and there were horrifying wars like first and second world wars. So Christianity as a religion binds much diversity in to unity and hence the Theodosius are responsible for these changes. This act of Theodosius made clear that how political decisions shaped the later on lives and history of mankind. It also make clear the importance of political activity that the majority of the people were neglecting and still are neglecting. IT is the active people who write not only the fate of their contemporary world but also influence the fate of later on generation by their decisions. Muhammad [PBUH] a perfect man that revolutionized every sphere of life. He was the symbol of both creativity and activity. He is the sole man in history 0f man kind that what he said did him. He started alone preaching Islam at the age of forty and in next twenty five years when he left this world HE has established an Islamic government. It is really a miracle that Muhammad [PBUH] could totally change the minds that were only filled with the prejudices, superstition and fear of famine. It was a revolution because the Islamic movement was the movement of the people. It is why the powers of the time collapsed all one by one by instead of all kind of superiority and deep roots in old civilization. The main thing in Muhammad’s Islamic movement is that it seeks the global Islamic governments and Islam Islam’s promise to the men is the global Islamic government based of justice. This main future of Muhammad’s revolution was always kept Muslims active and creative and will shape the future history of the world with great extent because it is the part of the beliefs of the Muslims so they can’t deviate from it. Islam in this sense is a great force of making history as it never appreciate the inactivity. Islam emphasis on learning, thinking, observation and making distinction between the scholars and no scholars is another force of making history as earlier Islamic era had evidenced but later on the deviation from Islam by rulers caused to decline the affects of Islam. As Islamic movement is the people movements so through out the history there were direct and indirect affects of deviation by the rulers as there unjust authorities were always in danger by people’s movement. Pop Urban 11 a man whose speech against Muslims started crusades wars that changed later history as crusades were people’s movement so the people become active which disturb the existing set up of power under feudalism. The most important part of people’s movement is that people realize the real power that they had and the weaknesses of authorities that rule on them by the psychic tape of fear. The second thing in peoples movement that people realize that the rulers source of power is the people source of organization and the people are not organize so when the people move under an organization they change the set up powers as the crusades lead to the renaissance. Genghis Khan the legendary man of activity who proved that a small and unknown nation by force of activity can conquer any number of people and any vastness and diversity of land. It is not technology, civilization, wealth and majority but it is the strength of activity that make bow down heads of inactive people. Great Wall of China, civilization of China and great number of Chinese is nothing if they are inactive. The diversity of land and people, the wealth and civilization, the great number with great rulers are nothing if they are inactive. A small number of inactive people come down from cold and dry land of Mongolia can bow down Asia, Africa and Europe proved by the Genghis Khan. Though Genghis Khan was a cruel man and destroyed many small tribes with limited resources and caused to decline Muslims strength but he thought men how activity make history. History only knows activity and creativity not race and era. Inactivity is a crime in the view of history. Mongols taught an other lesson also to men that activity without creativity is not permanent as if the activity rules on the bodies the creativity rules on mind so the Mongols which come down to conquer the civilized nation later on conquered by same nation as they dissolved in creative attraction of conquered nations so creativity and activity are complementary agents of the history. John Gutenberg is the inventor of press. The Gutenberg is a historic man as his invention liberated the knowledge from the paws of high classes and the mass publication of books made it frequent and cheap that common people can also afford readings. The availability of books descent the creativity and activity in to the common men. The speed growth in every sphere of life that today we observe in the blessing of involvement of common people in creativity and activity though not satisfactory still promisingly. The frequency of books caused the broadness of mind and the respect and understanding of different civilization and hence it has worked greatly to prepare field for global civilization of man. The availability of books and introduction of printing media in to lives also changed the concept of ruling people. Now the rulers struggle hard to control on the thinking of people s the actions are the results of thoughts so the propaganda of governmental agendas and censorship directly and indirectly is an important part of modern government. The theoretical bases of political parties also showing the importance of thinking of common people. Copernicus replaced sun by the earth in the old concept of astronomy. This replacement of heavenly in the concept of men do not changed any thing to the heavenly bodies but changed men as it turned the direction of men from the blind beliefs to the logic .this replacement helped men in better understanding of natural phenomena that later helped men to pace in the space age. Creativity of men is not only the metal flight of men but these metal flights can become real when men began to understand them. Russo a philosopher that used his creativity for the men’s liberty and equality and his and his writings proved how creative thinking influences the direction of history. Today human being is confused as from one side they are pretending that they respect the men’s liberty and equality and from other side their appetite for unequal progress and authority are forcing them to exploit the weak and inactive men. They are reasoning to make legal their exploitation in the name of teaching civilization to uncivilized nations. Russo had realized this fact when men indented to pace in speed progress that progress of men will result in declination of their ethics. Today we observe split personalities that act really like advanced barbarians. Modern men have no fear of any thing but of themselves as they are considering humanity a burden and obstacle on the way of it so called advancement. Men started giving that much importance to their products that they themselves become secondary. The gap between evolution of man and it products have split men mentally. Today there is a need of philosophers like Russo that they again use their creativity for men’s equality and liberty but this time for liberty of men from their superior and advanced product and equality of men for their superior products. Modern men inferiority to their products is the great loss of humanity in the history of men. it is the affect of Russo and other philosopher that at least modern men try to justify their acts that at least they remain in the circle of human. Every pace of the senses of machines or their product as greatly has been replaced. Jam Watt is the inventor of the steam engine. How engine shaped the history, just considered the absence of the engines in first and Second World War with engines there were no airplanes, tanks, vehicles, so that the army movements were slow the war would continue for longer time but there were fewer killings. There were no Pearl Harbor attack and there were no atomic bombs attacked on the Japan. The war in the oceans was as limited as there were no submarines and would take longer time to reach continent like America. The development from steam engine to jet engines develops the behavior and the expectation of men also. Men are expecting cheap frequent easily available, useable, safe and more stronger source of energy that would give him more speed and frequent chances of un inhabited planet that will revolutionize in the real since the human lives and human history. The most significant impact of the inventions are that they influence both creativity and activity of men so the inventions are not just related to the creativity of men nut it is the driving agent of both creativity and activity like trade and industry. Thomas Jefferson though acted as a state man but his role in the building of new nation is more theoretical. His ideas about liberty, religion tolerance, education etc established the bases of American constitution and institution and American states took away that lead them to a great way of the world power. Though for all this Jefferson is not solely responsible but his role as a thinker and state men is a decisive factor in the way this nation choose. For understanding the role of guidance of leaderships just compares the nations which got their freedom after the world war two and the revolutionary China. Those nations are really fortune who comes under the guidance of creative people in the critical moments of their history. Adam smith who the first time correctly analyzed the economic factors and hence made economics a solid way of thinking. Today economic analysis became the base of all the fields of life. People become that much conscious about economics that they considered most about the economic result of any action that they want to take and move their investments according to the political situation. Adam Smith creative analysis of economics greatly influence the history as the attitudes of the people changed. The aspect that Adam smith changed was his stress on labor as source of wealth and capital not the lands as the labor determines the rate of production. Extensive labor cause in to increase 2:56 AM 5/28/2007 of wealth. Karl Marx later on also stressed on labor as source of accumulation of the capital. The advances in the machines greatly replaced the human labor. Machines have no feelings and do not become tire and also have no involvement and emotional to any political or religious beliefs, so they work regularly without any objection. The improvement in machines increases the production and quality of the product, so the machines labor is source of capital in this era. This led us to the conclusion that in modern ages the creative labor in machines and designs of products are the source of capital. The shifting of physical labor to the creative mental labor is another change in economics which influenced every field of life as the importance of the creative attitude and environment increased. The nations that struggled hard to restructure their social and political setup as such that they achieve improve and sustain their creative environment and flourish their creative attitude will get superiority in the capital world which is the herb of all other sectors and historical fact that history get more influence from creative world as today we evidence. Napoleon, the sign of activity. The role Napoleon is though not that much small than we neglect him as his early successes were greatly erased by his later defeats by his main role in the history is the changing the minds. He is symbol of the courage had height of individual achievements. if we say he is the idol of inspiration for the courageous youth would not be false. The envious youth symbolize him as he becomes a emperor from second lieutenant. Though, he was not the sole man to go that much high rank. Here is our area people symbolize late General and governor Mohammad Musa Khan Hazara as he become general of great country that now become two important countries of south Asia Pakistan and Bangladesh. HE fought a successful war in 1965 war between India and Pakistan. He recruited as constable but become general. Napoleons are a hero for many youths but now days a concept of the heroes has degraded greatly by the filmic heroes. The people have mixed between the famous and celebrities and the heroes. Eros are not necessarily the famous people but hero is one who does a great task that look impossible sometimes heartlessly and sometimes by scarifying their lives. The main feature of a hero is that he seeks struggle and fight for the truth. But filmic heroes are just mere symbol of barbarian violence, sexuality and fashion. They just advertise the style that has mainly commercial purpose. This concept of the heroes affected the psyches youth. Youths commonly don’t seek the truth and the tasks in the way of truth but they seek visibility and lusty affections of the opposite sex either by the mad styles or by copying barbarian violence of the filmic heroes. John Dalton is an important in creative history of men that by presenting a technique of scientific thinking opened the door for innovating research in chemistry and physics that all natural sciences put their bases on them and filled the in treasure of men as much compounds and instrument that men could call themselves explorer of the nature. Dolton’s concept of the atoms as bases of elements and compound really started a new era in creative achievements of men that greatly influence the active achievements of men. Without the compounds that introduce by later research under light of this concept many events that are now part of our history would not be in these manners so we can say Dalton indirectly shaped the later on history of men. Dalton concept of compounds on the atomic bases shows the power of the method of thinking and techniques for thinking. The Dalton is also to symbolize for the affect of struggle or way of struggle of an individual of the whole mans lives and later on history. So we need today most individually and in organization to give special attention on the developing of techniques for minds and along with search for findings of the practical significance that develop the technological advances which are the base of economic growth as hub of the activity of men. Because may open a door that revolutionize the technology. Darwin like Dalton proposed a technique of the organic life that causes sudden evolution of understandings, explanation and research in organic life. Men being part of the organic life start looking at every aspect of life from lenses of evolution. Men’s politics, economics, distribution of population, social life and cultures and history all are looked and interpreted from view of the evolutions. These all certainly affect the relationship and behavior in the interactions. Earth history got great ventures tits principals and method of research from the evolution theory specially in aging the rock strata of the basis of fossils. These all are no doubt had affected on the materialistic growth of men as growth and development of history modern life of men concretely based on the raw materials and sources of energy. And evolution theory greatly helped in exploring them as by aging and understanding of the strata and their relationship with each other it become possible to map those sights that were out of the sights in the depths of earth or covered under alluvial or plantations, etc and hence helped in exploitation of raw material and petroleum and economical costs. The theory of relativity in reality was like a mutation in human understanding. The survival of the fittest have affect of positive and negative aspects. Negative in the sense the powerful erase the weak considering it a natural process as unfits cant survive and their vanishing is a natural process. Positive in this sense that the people struggle to become fit that could survive in the presence of the criminal minds and hearts filled with prejudices. Louis Pasteur is like Dalton and Darwin was a creative man that introduced the concept of the germs and the vaccination and prevention methods like pasteurization. May be that much not killed by arms that much human lived saved by the vaccination after the discovery of vaccination. This is the effect of the creativity that a single man can do for men that men can’t do for him. It is not known and may be no one will know that the Pasteur by the discovering the vaccination method have saved the lives of how much of the great men that after him played important part in the history or will play. From this point of view the Pasteur had shown that the force of the creativity has long lasted effects in the human history. Graham bell, put the base of what today we call the global village by inventing the telephone and made possible the telecommunications, fast and cheap. Today people may think and feel hopefully about the global civilization though there are political and economical barriers. I am very hopeful that the speed, fast and mass communications that are going all over the globe will speed up the understanding of the people of the world that scattered all over the globe with their own distinctions. May be more of the prejudices are due to limitedness and lack of the communication hence ignorance. But the global civilization requires the creative intellects of high capacity open mindedness that are filled with humanity. Today’s emptiness of intellects and the abstract fashion of creative men is discouraging point that men still failed to develop a global civilization though the technological advancements have provided much to them. It looks that the technology are much advanced from the philosophical, cultural and spiritual achievements of the men. I think it is the most suitable time intellectual again stands for the moral rearmament as extent morality can be only thread that we bind the beads of the diversity of the human cultures and achievements .Though the economic globalization is more practical but there would be always unpredicted situations and relationships in the economic medium. So the economy must work as a tool under the rule of morality. I know the men still is not that much evolved the agree or acts to follow such a way as the powerful knows no law were always the principal of the men but just can hope is just for the civilized men not the so called civilized men. Civilization is the surplus product of the materialistic needs but in the artificial needs and the mirage of the markets there is no surplus by the name of humanity or morality. Upon all degradation again the telecommunication is an effective tool in understanding an coming close, which may lead us toward a pseudo global civilization which will be based on abstraction. Graham Bell is a really put base of the new eras in the human history by his creative achievements. If we have to understand what means speed due to creative mass production the Thomas Edison is the best example. He is the miraculous inventor as his inventions exceeds a thousand and this number of inventions and their impacts reveal another face of the creativity and the activity. The inventions based on the earlier inventions or in other words the creative additions speed up the rate of everything. And the speed is the most prominent feature of the impacts of Edison’s inventions. Today we all experience the speed in every field of life and the rate of speed is increasing. This is the same as in case of Edison. Today there is no great discovery, inventions and any other eye catching progress in science but there are flood of the new, complex, better and cheap products in the market. The technology is running faster than access and the needs of the common men. This speed though has activated men in every corner of the world but they changed badly the senses of men. If I say the equation of the senses of the modern men had distributed and it has distributed men’s psych to an irreversible extent it would not be false, as the men are more familiar with external hardware and software then their internal hardware and software. Men have perceived or they habitually believed in more reality of the external world then internal world and then it is the most illogical behavior of the modern men. Edison to me is the pioneer of the mass production. Edison’s stronger influence on the history is his behavior in a following field. His nonstop and team work experiments influence others to follow him in the same pattern. His successes in inventions also enlightened the importance of the technique for thinking. Experimentation in real sense is a technique of the mind to evaluate the logic. Sigmund Freud, men whose creative work were man centered. The re attention of men though in terms of psychology is a big achievement and impact of the fried in the human history. This achievement is more important than the correctness or the falsehood of the Freud’s view of the psychology. Psychology still could not prove itself as a real so how it can make modern men believe that their internal world are so much real than external world. There is a clear lack of the mechanism. The mechanism lack as men has intelligence. As the mechanism developed men go beyond the mechanism due to their intelligence. It looks creativity are too much evolve than the creative work that creative work will never get it. Extent morality can be only thread that we bind the beads of the diversity of the human cultures and achievements .Though the economic globalization is more practical but there would be always unpredicted situations and relationships in the economic medium. So the economy must work as a tool under the rule of morality. I know the men still is not that much evolved the agree or acts to follow such a way as the powerful knows no law were always the principal of the men but just can hope is just for the civilized men not the so called civilized men. Civilization is the surplus product of the materialistic needs but in the artificial needs and the mirage of the markets there is no surplus by the name of humanity or morality. Upon all degradation again the telecommunication is is an effective tool in understanding a coming close, which may lead us toward a pseudo global civilization which will be based on abstraction. Graham Bell is a really put base of the new eras in the human history by his creative achievements. If we have to understand what means speed due to creative mass production the Thomas Edison is the best example. He is the miraculous inventor as his inventions exceeds a thousand and this number of inventions and their impacts reveal another face of the creativity and the activity. The inventions based on the earlier inventions or in other words the creative additions speed up the rate of everything. And the speed is the most prominent feature of the impacts of Edison’s inventions. Today we all experience the speed in every field of life and the rate of speed is increasing. This is the same as in case of Edison. Today there is no great discovery, inventions and any other eye catching progress in science but there are flood of the new, complex, better and cheap products in the market. The technology running faster than access and the need of the common men. This speed though has activated men in every corner of the world but they changed badly the senses of men. If i say the equation of the senses of the modern men had distributed and it has distributed men’s psych to an irreversible extent it would not be false, as the men are more familiar with external hardware and software then their internal hardware and software. Men have perceived or they habitually believed in more reality of the external world then internal world and then it is the most illogical behavior of the modern men. Edison to me is the pioneer of the mass production. Edison’s stronger influence on the history is his behavior in a following field. His non stop and team work experiments influence others to follow him in the same pattern. His successes in inventions also enlightened the importance of the technique for thinking. Experimentation in real sense is a technique of the mind to evaluate the logic. Sigmund Freud, men whose creative work were man centered. The re attention of men though in terms of psychology is a big achievement and impact of the fried in the human history. This achievement is more important than the correctness or the falsehood of the Sigmund Freud’s view of the psychology. Psychology still could not prove itself as a real so how it can make modern men believe that their internal world are so much real than external world. There is a clear lack of the mechanism. The mechanism lack as men has intelligence. As the mechanism developed men go beyond the mechanism due to their intelligence. It looks creativity are too much evolve than the creative work that creative work will never get it. The conscious study of men may devise a mechanism to suite the common men but it would never be unrevealed the creative men as they are except of the some explanation for their resultant works. Wrights brother’s creative work opened to men doors of not only new world inside world but also some new experiences of views and routs and also new means of power. Men for the thousands years experienced the land and the water but not the air. There were the world of the air that men lived under but not in. the inventions of airplanes brought men even beyond the world of the air into the world of the space. To me the Wright brothers are proved that the men are not evolved as Darwin perceived of the animals due the adaptation of the environment or the struggle for the survival. Men change the creativity and activity of the men goes beyond the struggle for their survival into their curiosity. The flight through the influenced the history of the men as it change the perception of the men about the life and living by new experiences. Albert Einstein’s most fascinating influence on men is the introduction of the theoretical science as real science. Men’s imagination is an endless laboratory with the most sophisticated equipments and most evolved systems. A creative men can use a mobile and in an expensive laboratory to his own courage and passion in the creativity. Majority of the population is poor to the existence and too poor in access to the knowledge though there are improvements in the literacy rate. This majority can’t imagine participating in sharing to the knowledge of the men generally and to the science especially. Albert Einstein’s most influencing role is his message that every men the chance to share by his n mind. Laboratory in real sense is hardware facilitation and every men has gifted by the hardware as brain. The real matter is software. it is why every student of science is not a scientist and every student of art is not artist. The main thing is creativity that by guidance finds its own inspiration. The relativity, time, space, matter and energy were original world that Einstein experienced in his imaginations. Others thought try to experience the same through his formulas but they can as much as their imagination allows them. As Einstein is the symbol of great mind and also he made the symbolic use of mind in the solving of the great mysteries mostly depended in his creative imagination so it is better beside this great mind discuss some short points about creativity as creativity is the great driving agent of the history. The natural phenomena and everything that is part of being or in other words have a existence is called facts. Every men observe, thing, learn, experience, feel,etc but all the men don’t have all this perception, approach, understanding and force of analyzing and expressing, Why? Even in same conditions and at same situations men have different thesis about same thing. Does taking this line will help us in understanding the different between great men and common men? OR Does analyzing the great men’s life give us certain set of principals based on which we design our ways. Or does their situation help us in revealing those process which them great men that we masked such an environment that would help us in producing great and unique men? My answer is no. We can’t design such a system that ensure producing great and unique men because every system produce controlled men can’t be great men as great men are unique and developed out of common way or controlled way. But it does not mean we became hopeless and do not try to develop our system or let our system go randomly or abstractly. there are four factors that our system designs always remain incompetent to the great men.1)The great amen are always thing or aim more advance than their present system and advancements and this make themunique.2)the design of a system requires times and energy to settle but the changes are to speed that our system could compete with them.3)the common men is too slow in adaptation of new system that encourage the continuous growth and development of the system in increasing speed.4)the restriction make stiff and tough but stop or slow down innovations and freedom encourage laziness and abstractness. It is very difficult to maintain the balance between freedom and blossom innovation and restrict ness that make prevent spoiling of the seeds. But upon all these the most promising point is inspiration. Inspiration is the strongest tools in producing the great men as inspiration do not touch only a single factors or point. But it affects all points from emotion of the work. Mentality, or intellectually that is the seed of the innovations and spirit that is the source of hope and triumphs. Psychologists believe that it is the emotion that makes a personality. Some other believes that the greatness is born out of the poverty as sense of poverty always scratches the minds to think. Some other believe that the kind of a education that one make a set up for their minds that make them introspect into nature of things uniquely,...etc and many other reasoning. But there is a common thing an all great men of all the fields throughout of the history that is passion. All great are passionate to their fields or cause. So it is the sole point that can lead us an understanding at least the way if not the method of greatness passions have roots in the emotions, intellectually, knowledge, involvements, spiritually equally. Understanding of the source of the passion depends on the awareness of the processes that goes inside. The awareness can get though the practice and teachings. The most prominent factors in seeding as well as growing passion, is inspiration. If the creativity and intellectually were rooted in the emotions than there are people which had lost their lives in the extremities of the emotions. Every man suffers from a kind of an emotional disturbance at any stage of life. if there is a reasoning that the emotions in the childhood is the factor that seed the personalities in the live ahead then there were nations that are thousands of year old and there poor and wealthy families among but they again failed in producing great men. If the poverty is the machine of the producing great men than the majority of the men had suffered and are suffering from the poverty. As the source of all knowledge is the human mind so it is better discussing about the set up of minds as part of a technique worth as a working method . Roger Sperry research says that though the both hemispheres look alike and their primary motor and sensory areas also function in the same way. But the both hemispheres function quiet differently. In the left hemispheres there are logical, mathematical and function quite differently. In the left hemisphere there are logical, mathematical and linguistic abilities and the right hemispheres lack all these but there are functions of the imagination, spatial perceptions, artistic and emotional abilities. As every man have the brain and their brain do not lack right or let hemispheres so everyone must have both logical or scientific abilities as well as artist abilities. Certainly every normal man has but some are extra ordinary, why? The answer is simple that an artist uses more his right cerebral hemisphere them his right and a scientist use more the left hemisphere. The reason to use a point more than the other is ultimately due to the interest and the interest due to the inspiration. There is point to remember and that is the inspiration is not just from men but source of inspiration may be anything. It may be an idea, an event, an object an individual, a system, an environment or set up. Giving importance to the creative and active people in a society and exposing them as heroes and respected part of society may help in the burning minds and inspire people. Inspiration is the driving force of the thinking which is the key to tie creativity and activity because it is thought on bases of which we decide. The above short discussion is an approach which can help us to design our environments according to our situations if we wish our offspring become great men that shape the future history of the men based on the justice. Lenin was a real active man as he made possible the ideology of the Marx into the work in a large area and large population and made Russia, Soviet Union, a super power of his time. Lenin proved that the activity based on the innovations have a force to not only demolish the old structure but also make workable even a rigid ideology like Marxism. Though the Marxism ruined to the resident force of the history but it was an innovative ideology in its time that turned the modern history of the men. the most significant result that Marxism taught the world in its experimental destiny is that system based on logic and innovations have no match to the systems based on the religion or beliefs in durability, as beliefs are self sustained system that can survive in every situation except the deviations in the beliefs and the laws themselves as evidenced from religious history. This also mark it clear the innovations in the main structure in the main system is not durable but the prohibition of the innovation make the system jam as the life is evolving and history is the record of the changes. Innovations under the guidance true teachings of the religion are the neutral behavior. Innovations under deviations and similarly the deviations under the innovations are the extremism that may fail in the experiments as logic and nature based on which we put our ideas are always not supporting each other. Lenin was an active man though his selections are not justifiable. Alexander Fleming’s discovery of the penicillin was the result of the innovative observation that changed the living standard of the men by effecting on both health and economy and also new ways of understanding and observing the living world. The discovery of the Fleming made the conscious of being alert and prepared for the chances. This idea in itself is innovating that there are chances but it is if not prepared to cash them. When there is preparation for seeking the chances became visible this kind of a behavior has a real affect on the history as it is a creative attitude that is the driving agent of the history. Adolph Hitler was an active man that though had major opponents but proved the force of the activity even it is in single men. Active men can active a nation that can change the fortune of the earth. Though, it is true that there is not any stability in the friendship or in the enmity of the nations. But that an active men that guide a nation that make recognition for a nation as particular nature based on the activation.
Mao se dong, was in real sense responsible for the awakening the lion that had slept for the thousands of the years. The great potential and power that China had didn’t expose her to the external world. It was the creative activity of Mao that unearthed this potential. He did not follow the exact Marxism but mold it according to the needs and the nature of his people and country. The most significant behavior of the Mao was his revolutionary nature. He had realized the importance of the activity so he made the revolution inside the revolution. The more changes in China after Mao are in the real sense of the following of the same attitude though not the same lines. It is the activity by the force of the revolution that this great potential of the energy or as termed the slept lion could remain alive. This is not true only for the China. The creative activity can suite every nation. Without of the activation also a nation can survive physically but not in history. Mao’s role in the modern history of the men is still continuous and the men in future will see more effects on the history of the modern men. Imam Khomeini is a sole man in the modern history that truly understood the nature of the man and makes a neutral walk in the extremities of the modern world. He based his revolution on the beliefs that a modern man has neglected as a un real. the equation between the internal and external world is a neutral behavior that modern men had lost Imam Khomeini’s contribution is not only the changing of the lives of the Iranian masses, but his real contribution is the opening of a new way for the guidance of modern man. His revolution is the awakening of the modern men from the deep of the unconsciousness of the materialistic world as a real perception. His revolution is call for a neutral behavior, the modern unconsciousness is looking unbreakable but the more evolution will ultimately lead men to the super consciousness. I have presented the creativity and activity as the driving agents of the history and also stressed that these driving agents have driven the history through masses also civilizations and also through individuals that were active, creative or active creative. the thing that is to say at last is the creativity and activity are no doubt are driving agents of the history but history of men are not always triumphant because of the activity and activity but there were senses of the revolution to the judgments of the human values also. Hence the history says to us that the activity and creativity require under the guidance of the human values. Though the active and creative men never like the limits but the human beings are not the limiting agents and they are the shaping agents. They concentrate the energy of the men. What limit the evaluation of the men is the prohibition of the creativity and activity not the guidance of the creativity and activity.

External Resources:

1. The Peking Man (Hominide Fossil), World Heritage in China;
http://www.unesco.org/ext/field/beijing/whc/pkm-site.htm

2. Ice Age Civilization;
http://www.valdostamuseum.org/hamsmith/iceciv.html

3. Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses;
http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/ancient-egyptian-gods.html

Emotional intelligence or emotional wisdom?

2012-01-14T20:37:00.001-08:00

There are several points that ask our attentions to redefine and rethink the issues related to emotions:

1- The prefix phobia is a reality that can be attached to any noun to describe a person’s fear. One may amazed when see that almost all individuals have some kind of phobia. But this is also a fact that these phobias could be overcome by the exposure to the source of fear. Some people are feared from some other people, areas or some objects but working with those sources of fears make brave enough to champion them.

2- Every work looks hard and even impossible and unbearable at start but as one stand on it, the work start easing and the standing individual proud to have overcome the hardships and have mastered it. It is very famous the distance looks long but by traveling it shortens or the hands is brave and eyes are coward. It means eyes message to brain that the work is hard but as hands is

3- Teenagers are violent and adults have mature emotions that are developed to suite their work and social requirements. There are vast contrast between emotional reactions of teenagers and adults. Individuals who were violent in their teen ages become emotionally matured and responsible members of their society. This development indicates that these individuals have learned to become wiser through their experience.

4- The nomads are more conservative and violent than villagers and villagers are more conservative and violent than city dwellers. Dwellers of suburban areas of more violent than city centers. Dwellers of small cities are more violent than large cosmopolitan cities. These developing facts indicate that emotional maturity requires learning.

5- The illiterate is more violent than learned individuals. As one the level of learning grows one become emotionally more mature.

6- Unskilled people are more violent than skilled individuals. The same is true for level of experience. The more experienced is one the emotionally mature one becomes.

7- The poor is more violent than rich. The poor has less opportunity to participate in social events and use the new technologies or attend learning programs. Their lives surround around their survival and existence.

8- The underdeveloped nations are more violent than developing and developing nations are more violent than developed nations.

9- The areas ruled by tribal laws are more violent than areas ruled by states. The people of weak estates are more violent than estate with established laws. The estate with poor laws and poor governance the tribal laws replace estate laws and people become more violent for their identities and getting larger shares.

We can add to this list but the above facts indicate to one very important point and that is emotional maturity comes from learning and experience. This was expressed by Bernard Shaw as, “One who is not leftist in his youth has some problems with his heart and one who is not rightist in his matured age has problems with his mind”. Now a day, there is a term used like emotional intelligence. Is really emotions are the product of intelligence? Let’s look for some more examples:

1- The learned people weren’t always bright students. They had one common thing and that was the passion for learning. The students who have passion for learning grow to learned individuals irrespective of their educational records. The dull and medium students have crossed intelligent and bright students.

2- Silent and less social students who were more comfortable in their solitude than in crowds and among people are growing to show good judgments and expressional skills in very creative manners in arts and literature. It was all their sensitivity that was keeping them out of crowd and in their own inner selves. It was their sensitivities that made them able to be different from others.

3- Some individuals get popularity due their easiness in communicating the people. It is not their intelligence but it is their emotional maturity in accepting the people and the differences that exist.

4- There are many successful people with most basic writing and reading skills who manage and lead very bright minds, professional people and highly literate and skilled people. The success of these individuals is mostly due their passions, consistency and hard works rather their intelligence.

5- The people are more creative, productive and active where people feel no hesitation in appreciating good ideas, works and efforts. Similarly people don’t hesitate in accepting their mistakes and failures. Simply in areas where people frequently use the two words of thank you and sorry people are more productive and peaceful than in areas where people feel it ashamed to accept their mistakes and ask apologies for them and similarly feel disgraced by recognizing others and thanks for their good works.

Again we make add to this list but my main aim is neither listing the characteristics of the emotional intelligence nor do I aim to emphasize on the role of the emotional maturity in the progress of an individual and a group of a people. The most important point to note is that, “Emotional maturity is not a function of intelligence but it is learned irrespective of intelligence levels”.

This is a very crucial definition of emotional maturity which make to erase confusion that whether there is existence of emotional intelligence or not? Surely! Intelligence is a composite ability of brain to adapt and survive in a composite environment. Everyone’s success is a function of their environment that causes a particular ability of brain more develop out of its composite abilities.

Now! When it is set that the emotional maturity is learned so it is mostly a function of experience and wisdom. So it is better to tell the emotional maturity as emotional wisdom rather than emotional intelligence. Experience is a function of wisdom. When we say that emotional wisdom is learned then it become very important tool to evaluate the societies, laws organizations and cultures by comparing the emotional maturity of people based on their principles, set of beliefs and codes of ethics. Emotional intelligence is also very important tool for evaluating the societies and their values against the emotional maturity of people and the rate of progress and productivities of people.

Composite Intelligence

2012-01-14T20:32:00.000-08:00

How we infer intelligence? Surely! From behavioral study! Neither thought processes nor imaginations and perceptions are visible. We get to know all processes of the brain which we normally call as mind by actions and behaviors. Behavioral studies are common in studies of the intelligence of all organisms. It is customary to attach intelligence to humans but behavioral studies have proved all organisms have intelligence. We can observe the intelligence from behaviors and products of organism. Studying product of intelligence will help us to understand the evolution of intelligence. Beside the behavioral studies and products of intelligence, the comparative studies of the brain of animals also help us to understand the intelligence. The most interesting resemblance is in three areas of brain with brains of reptiles, Mammals and a special area peculiar of human brain.

There are confusions and disagreement about the intelligence. We haven’t any single definition of intelligence due to main following reasons:

1- We have focused on particular aspects of intelligence so observational differences and conclusions are ultimate.

2- We always tried to understand intelligence as a single entity. Even the hypothesis of multiple intelligences is based on the particular aspects of the single intelligence.

It is also interesting to note that unicellular organisms have behaviors that indicate the diversity of their intelligence but the multicellular organisms of plant group that have much diversified evolutions show no peculiar organ for intelligence as animals have like brain. The movements and complexity of relationships have helped evolution of intelligence. The carnivorous animals have larger brains than herbivorous animals which indicate the relations of evolutionary adaptations brain and intelligence.

Emotional intelligence and its evidences in the rate of the success of people is another important area that reveal least understood and least studied and focused part of intelligence. A simple comparative study of the rational and emotional intelligence will reveal the relations between two intelligences and importance of the emotional intelligence.

Beside the emotional intelligence there is another intelligence which is intelligence of non living objects which we know as artificial intelligence. Our reliance on accuracy, speed, flexibility and potentials of artificial intelligence has made the understanding of the intelligence more confusing and complex.

If we focus on following points the understanding of the intelligence become obvious and easy:

1- Non-living objects have intelligence. The artificial intelligence is the proof of such intelligence. The natural non living objects also have intelligence. The physical and chemical processes are the evident of this intelligence. Evolutionary structures of the compounds are best example of these intelligent behaviors. Artificial intelligence has led the atomicity of the intelligence beyond the DNA (An organic molecule) to atomic and subatomic levels.

2- Unicellular organisms have intelligence. Microbial and viral intelligence all well known especially the bacterial response to the use of antibacterial medicines developed by fungi and human. Antibacterial medicines are the battle ground of the intelligence of bacteria and human. It is really interesting that Human despite of a much evolved brain have come very late in conscious battle against the bacterial intelligence.

3- Plants played key role in diversifying the life and they have diversified and evolved to intelligent adaptations. Food chain start from plants and end on plants but again despite the diversity and evolutions of plants they haven’t evolved a specialized organ for intelligence responses.

4- Animals have developed a specialized organ of intelligence by name of brain. The brains have evolved along evolutions of organisms so today men can compare the brains the animals and correlate them with levels of their intelligent acts. These comparative studies have helped men understand the evolution of brain and intelligence.

5- Carnivorous animals have larger brain as they are more evolved than herbivorous animals and more complex life styles that requires advanced intelligences as compared to herbivorous life styles.

6- Human brain has three main areas similar to reptilian brain, mammalian brain and Homo sapiens brain. We can relate the functions and specialties of human brain and intelligence to these areas as follows:

a- Reptilian brain: The intelligence that emerges out of reptilian brain is the intelligence of basic survival. People who live in harsh environments like nomads, desert dwellers, glacier dwellers and rough and rigid areas have good skills of basic survival. It is not only nomads but many in big cities love hard manual and physical jobs than mental works, love sports than creative works and love army than official jobs. Certainly these individuals have dominant reptilian intelligence which govern over two other mammalian and Homo sapiens intelligences.

b- Mammalian brain: Mammals have characteristically evolved social lives and their brain has to support intelligence required for socialization. A quick glance around us and thinking about people we know very closely, we find that some people are quiet intelligent in socializing. They make friends and love to meet new people and have strong relations within relatives. The socialization skills are mainly based in mammalian brain. It dominates over reptilian and Homo sapiens brain and uses them for socializing.

c- Homo sapiens brain: The cerebrum has two distinct hemisphere specialized for creative mental processes peculiar of Humans.

i- Left hemisphere is home to rational intelligence. Individuals whose left hemisphere is dominant over other areas of brain are good in abstract thinking like mathematics and understanding real world in abstract manners. Logical and analytical thinking are the distinctions of these groups of individuals. This group of people thinks very oddly that look complex and idiot to common people. Their left hemisphere dominates over other brain and uses their potential for logical and analytical thinking and activities.

ii- Right hemisphere is home to imaginative intelligence. Creative thinking is the distinction of this brain. Perceptions and imaginations of this group of individuals usually cross the real world. Arts and literature are main products of imaginative intelligence. Individuals with dominant imaginative intelligence use all other areas of their brain to serve the imaginations of the right hemisphere.

Result:

As I have discussed above the intelligence is not a single phenomenon of the brain. It exists beyond brain even in non living objects in form of what we know as artificial intelligence. Brain is a special organ evolved by animals to adapt their complex life styles. Plants haven’t developed such organ but yet they have intelligence. The evolutions, diversifications and adaptations of plants are evident of their intelligence. Still brain is not a single entity but it has special areas for specific intelligent acts. Hence despite of trying to understand the intelligence as a single entity and confuse ourselves it is better to classify the intelligence based on their specializations and dominance and study them. It is very clear that our intelligence is composite and by classifying them we will explore hidden potentials of different intelligence that we have.

Clash of mentalities

2012-01-14T20:29:00.000-08:00

Introduction

Everyone has heard about use of brainwashing through mass media by large corporate businesses (Commonly known as multinational companies) that has extended their businesses throughout the globe. The mass media's advertisements of products makes people confuse of their needs and they become customer of products that they didn't actually needed. There are many products which we have bought that have replaced our more needed products. But the brainwashing of people is not limited just for making customers but it is also used for political purposes. Goverments and groups of special interests use propaganda machines of mass media to make people rally for their political objectives.

Unfortunately, the social sciences have proved as very useful and powerful tools for making peoples judgments weak by confusing them. Modern men have developed faith in knowledge, sciences and data and statistics. They mostly accept them without knowing the background realities or digging out in the facts to have a healthy judgments.

One of the most influential misuse of socail science subject was the paradigm of clash of civilizations that presented by Samuel Huntington. Certainly, it is a natural process for a socail scientist to present possiblities in global politics but it was unnatural to exploite this paradigm for particular political purposes.

From Colonization of lands to colonization of minds

Reproduction and developments are two key characteristics of life beside others like movements and exchange of materials with environments. Reproductions and developments led organism to grow. Growth is the matter of survival of organisms so it is natural to expand and exploite environments for survival.

Growth and expansion is the core policy of every nation so we find forms of colonization in every time in history. The colonization that we are familiar most with is Colonization of Asia, Africa, Australia and American continents by European colonial empires. It was colonization of lands. Colonial empires were searching for new lands to expand and grow. At that time the largest trade items were either agricultural products or related to agricultural products.
Then we see a period of decolonizations as a results of world war II that resulted in decline of the colonial powers.

But cold war and following globalization by advent of world wide web changed the pattern of colonization. Now it was the thoughts and decisions of people that are determining the trading and political success or failures so the age of massive colonization of minds began.

Just as compass, gun powder and later on stem engine made the colonizations of lands possible so is modern mass media like TV, world wide web, Mobile phones, computers, etc is making massive colonization of minds possible.

The psyche of people are measure of success or failure of colonization of their minds so governments, politicians, religious groups, special interest groups and businessmen are exploiting sensations of people to their likes and unlike and make fake likes and unlikes in them to suite their agendas.

One may have heard one or several following arguments:

1- Human are spiritual by born as he/she is connected to his/her mother through the feelings of affection. Neither left hemisphere of his/her brain has developed nor its product, rational mind.

2- Human are materialist and capitalist by born as he/she is just struggling for his/her survival. Competing with others over resources starts in womb. It is observed that twins competes each other in womb and it is enough to know the instinct of human as materialist or capitalist.

3- Human are socialist by born as one's existence is totally dependent on community in which he/she born. He/she is relying on community for his/her existence, so his/her survival depends on the survival of community.

4- Human are innocent by born. One comes to this world with empty mind. It is the society that shapes his/her thoughts and behaviors.

5- Human are sinful by born. Adam and Eve did sin in paradise so they were descended to earth. It was a punishment to the sin they did. All spirits dwell in paradise and they are descending to earth to wash the sins did by Adam and Eve to become able to ascend back to paradise.

6- Human are ranked by born. Those who are evolved have better adaptability than inferior ones. Intelligence and physical fitness are the genetic expressions of inherited genes, so the advanced nations are superior by born as they have more evolved genes.

7- Human are equal by born. It is the social norms and systems that excel the mental and physical growth or slows it down.

The idea of clash of civilizations in a time when men and women brought up under cold war period psychology made its way easily into popular acceptance as men have become habitual of clashes. Men can’t think of world without clashes and it is believed consciously and unconsciously that men are competitive by nature. The misuse of language and science have played main role in making this belief more concrete. Look to the following duality of the adjectives in language that construct the ideas or mentality in people.

Empty # full, good # bad, superior # inferior, rich # poor, masculine # feminine, spiritualist # materialist, Black # white, Easterner # Westerner and so on.

These adjectives are used in language to describe that what is praising or hatful, what are acceptable and what are not. These adjectives and uses of them in descriptions construct a mindset that divides people and making them in a particular behavior and making them view the world and fellow men in particular perceptions. The concept of clash of civilizations is a mentality born out of the cold war. When cold war finished the West that have been accustomed to clashes searched for new rivals. There were emerging forces in world but as Islamic forces had their own ideologies which could digest the modernization within their versions based on their ideologies, so they were the most suitable rivals. It also had the historical basis in the form of crusade wars of medieval ages. The ideologies have the potentials to mold the progress in their own cast and shape the society in their own systems.

Image source:
http://www.the-dogs-of-war.com/Crusades1.jpg

Comment on images:

Both Islam and Christianity is a religions of peace. But both Muslims and Christians have violent histories that contradicts with what they are claiming. Crusades and Jihads are holy wars often used for political purposes to use the religious mentality of people for clashes that fulfill certain political and economical purposes. It is still continues but every time they are represented in a new frame. Old corpses new coffins.

Religious people are the softest targets for political exploitations. It is really evident in modern history that even children who live in Afghanistan, Pakistan and neighboring countries can tell that how religion is used to create militias under title of Mujaheddin against Soviet Union. Again religion is used to to create Taliban against Mujaheddin. In both these examples from modern history, religion is used for political purposes. Neither Mujaheddin nor Taliban represent Muslim or Islam but they were and are political parties using religious sentiments of people. As we earlier mentioned religious people are softest target because they heavily rely on their intuitions rather on reasoning.

Still if we look to our modern history we see,

1- Religion is used to confront religion (Sectarian violence in India, between Muslims, Sikh, Hindu and Christianity,...........Sectarian violence in Lebanon among Christians, Sunni and Shiites, Sectarian violence in Palestine and Israel among Muslims and Jews, Sectarian violence in Iraq, North Africa, Philippine, Indonesia, etc)

2- Religion is used to confront Marxism: Certainly, the atheistic foundations of Marxism is challenged and used in cold war. Certainly! the communist has to lose the war because they were had faith on their system and this system had to be tested in physical world. While religious people had also faith on their beliefs and their beliefs had to be tested in next world.
3- Religion is used to confront Science. The liberal atheist are using Darwinism and evolution to challenge the religious beliefs. Here religions have to lose the war. Why? Because contrary to Marxism and religions wars that both had faith on their set of principles, here those who rely on Science do not bother if a scientific theory is failed because it is part of the scientific process to challenge existing theories by new evidences and experiments to put a better explanation or theory. On the other hand religions have to be always true and do not fail. Certainly! in wars of reasoning Science has to win over religion because a theory does not become part of science if it is not based on reasoning, evidences and experiments. These mental clashes is natural and will continue but they are also easy to be exploited. These clashes could be used for political purposes that will widen these mental clashes into fault lines that will become violent. It should be noted that religions are part of human societies and they shouldn't be attacked as a whole. But it doesn't mean to allow people deny human rights and enforce their beliefs and practices on others. Attacking on religions is attacking on human rights and giving free hands to people for inhumane practices in the name of religions is also against human rights.

Image source:
http://drjamesgalyon.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/gatesofconst.jpg

Does the clash of civilization is real? Let’s ask from history:

1- In crusade wars the European alliance and the Turkish forces were rivals. But now Turks are the main alliance of the western forces.

2- The African blacks were the main source of slave industry in USA but later on they were the cause of war between north and south regions of current U.S.A. Again the black were the victims of the apartheids but now the black Americans are competing for president of U.S.A. The black Nelson Mandela is a global hero both for black and white.

3- In time Bolshevik Revolution, the Russian riches and capitalists were hated and were the victims of the class struggle. The same were happened in communist revolution of China. The Russian and Chinese elite classes were known as symbols of evils and exploitations but now the same Russians and Chinese masses are praising the wealth and are struggling to become rich and wealthy.

4- The Jews were hated by in Western societies as the enemy of Christ and the source of the wealth exploitations. The Nazi movements and the resulting Second World War brought close the west world and the Jews that the west can’t think of an alliance without Israel and participation of Jewish communities.

5- The Hindu and Muslim clashes under British rule caused the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. There were follow up wars between these two countries that resulted in breakup of Pakistan into Bangladesh and Pakistan. But again there are struggles to turn these rivalries into friendship based on their common cultures. Once there were stress on dividing cultures and now there is stress on uniting cultures.

Few examples that I have quoted above are enough that the clashes are not rooted in civilizations but it is rooted in mentalities. Civilizations have both points of differences and commonalities. It depends on a mentality that which one should be stressed. If the common values and cultures are stressed and promoted, sure people come closer but if the points of differences are stressed then the divisions and rivalries are ultimate.

To elaborate this notion let’s take a few more examples from daily lives within a civilization. There are clashes common within every civilization over whether one is theist or atheist,

spiritualist or materialists, leftist or rightist, moralists or immoralists, rich or poor, neat or clean, obedient or disobedient and so on. These clashes ranges from individualistic levels to families to circle of friends and to coworkers and colleagues and to societal levels.

Even a single country is filled with clash of mentalities. The clash of mentalities just in USA is enough to understand the diversity of internal cash of mentalities,

1- Creationists Vs evolutionist

2- Environmentalists Vs Industrialists

3- Colored Vs whites

is the three major clash of mentalities that have well known history and popular division of society. But clash of mentalities do not limit itself to these major issues but there is more mentalities that colonize minds which are related to the major mentalities, for example,
Stem cells, Cloning, Abortion is related to roots of creationist Vs evolutionist clashes. Certainly! divisions on stem cells, cloning and abortion would dissolve out as biology progresses to solve the problems of people and these divisions will vanishes out by passing laws related to them but new issues will replace them. So it is a nonstop clash of mentalities. Why? Because religious groups will always be skeptical of biological advances and theories and the atheists will always remain skeptical of religious beliefs.

Similarly, usage of lands, water sources, exploitations of minerals and fossil fuels and new chemical, biological and nuclear projects will continue to create clash of mentalities as industrialists will continue to focus on more profits and people will focus on their health and environments.

Besides the cultural and racial differences will also continues, though civil rights movements have matured people enough to accept people of color equal to themselves but history of black slavery, immigrations of Latin Americans and historical division of crusades and jihad will continue to clash but in new shapes and forms.

Result: It is easy both to understand and experience those clashes and conflicts in human societies that are rooted in mentalities not in civilizations. A change in mentality (perceptions and behavior) changes the perception of a whole world. It is the attitude that determines the fate of men not civilizations. These are the attitudes that make people categorize each other and either accept them or reject them.

Tactics are mechanisms of success

2012-01-14T20:22:00.000-08:00

All living organisms have some tactics in maintaining their lives. In evolutionary language we know these tactics as adaptations. We all have developed and learned some tactics that helps us in making our lives easy and our tasks successful but successful men and women have developed some special tactics that have lead them to success. Tactics are mostly used for military purposes though it is not specifically a military term. I use tactics because life is in large is a struggle for survival and struggle for dominance. As wars are also struggles for survival and dominance hence using tactics is more appropriate than adaptation because all do not feel using words like adaptations that are linked with evolution.

We usually learn tactics by the following methods:

1- Experience and experimentation:

It is the most common method that we all start to learn tactics. A baby starts learn some basic tactics of survival in adapting his environment by experimenting and experience. He repeats every action till wiping out mistakes and masters them. This process ends with ending life, so it is a long life experience. It is not only babies but all men in their all developmental stages, in every era; with every level of skills, knowledge and wisdom continuously learn through experimentations and experiences. This process has an alternative name also and that is “error and trial”. It is the base of science and engineering. In science hypothesis are tested by experiments and judged by them for their factuality. Same is in engineering. Every new design and idea is tested until it is ensured their stability and workability and then it is worked out. A successful tactician gives importance both to his own and others experiments and experiences because they are the sources for successful tactics. A more focus on experience provide with plenty of tactics that could work or reworked in new situations for success.

2- Observation:

Though observation is sometimes classified under experience but it is not part of experience. It is more evolved form of experience and is rooted in one’s wisdom and intelligence. An observation is an objective studying of something. Sure! A good observation requires knowledge and experience, hence a good tactician a good learner and always ready to learn. Observation also requires getting interests in everything and not neglecting anything. Narrowing the knowledge or interest weakens the observations because our world is relative and everything works and exists relative to each other. Narrowing knowledge will miss out important points that are essential in understanding the relations of objects and processes to each other and hence there are great chances of failure due to misunderstanding. Hence a good tactician is tries to sharpen and widen his observations by understanding things in their contexts.

3- Thinking habits:

Though everyone think but it is levels of thinking and methods of thinking that matters. Though there is no specific methods of thinking but as men have adapted thinking as their most superior tactics for survival so it is natural that we all think for solving problems. In schools, colleges, universities and other educational institutions use these adaptations of men in their learning processes and pedagogies. For any subject the problems and tasks are best ways to make students think and hence helping them develop their thinking methodologies. Everyone think in their own ways when they struck a problem or they have a task to be done. It is thinking levels that make difference between positions of men in society and in their professions and achievements. As I mentioned earlier that there is no thinking method but we have to have problems and tasks to make ourselves thinking. Still there are tactics or techniques that can help develop our thinking levels and hence imaginations and creativity. One such technique that really works is giving importance to your ideas and making an archive of your ideas. If one adapts to write his ideas and classify them, surely he will evidence that his ideas will reveal his opinions on certain issues. He also can judge his ideas and compare them with others. Others can also give response to them. Hence making him to think about his ideas, opinions and thinking strategies. This process will grow to make him concentrate in his observations, experiments, experiences, readings and studies and hence forth. Thinking process is the brain in making tactics and making one as best tacticians.

4- Education:

Education is a set of essential and collective learning process that makes students able to become a productive part of society. Education prepares students to only adapts his environments in best ways but also evolve the society using their evolved adaptations. As society is organic and evolving so is education. As by passing time, evolution of society gets momentum and speeds up its evolution so is the society. As needs of society changes, so is the education system. Inquiry based learning was introduced to fulfill the needs of industrialization but as world shifted from industrialization to services so the creativity got more importance hence education systems are started focusing on creativity beside inquiry based learning. Education is a continuous learning process so it is divided into different categories. Beside formal education different varieties and kinds of informal educations are there to educate people. Informal education became an integral part of large institutions to introduce people to their works and achievements. Almost every medium that have a reach to people are used as in informal education to increase the levels of order in society and help to evolve. Normally alternative words like growth are used instead of evolution.

5- Reading, searching and research:

Ideas rule our intentions. Intentions born out of ideas. Hence reading, searching and research lead us to a lot of ideas. They also lead us to judge our own ideas. Reading evolves our understanding. Surely, those with reading habits are of full of ideas and if they are good thinker beside their good readings so they also can be good tacticians. Reading expose us to others experiences, understandings of things and processes, their tactics, visions and so on. Reading let us know the alternative worlds that people have created and lived in and inspired people. Hence for doing good experiments, having good observations and thinking correctly on correct lines we have to read. I remember of an open debate between me and my class fellow. It looked a one sided reasoning as the other students pressed down under my reasons. I was feeling a superiority and satisfaction inside. No doubt the other student was one of the best and a competitive one. But my sense of superiority vanished out by judgment of our teacher. Teacher told me, yes it is sure that you gave solid reasons but it is not the difference of wisdoms between you two but the difference of readings. He pointed to me and told I am sure that you have read more books than your class fellow, so it is why you had available ideas to reason on. Surely! In world of knowledge and tactics, a single idea and a piece of knowledge make big difference. It is also true for tactics. A single piece of knowledge can result in better tactics.

6- Apprenticeship:

Working with experienced men is a way to get experience and master more reliably. In apprenticeship one not only tests its knowledge but also get a tested knowledge and guidance. One of the profound effects of apprenticeship is getting confidence and vision simultaneously. Surely it is a tested way to success.

7- Counseling/Advise:

Advise is the most common learning method in all societies and professions. We can say it is most ancient and primitive methodology of learning, because it is an essential part of religious teachings and religions is the first civilized and learned movement of men. Even we can say that it is in instinct of men as men of all ages, all professions, people with all levels of knowledge and especially guardians like mothers use it. Advice and counseling is part of every culture in different manners to impart wisdom with younger generation or with less experienced people. Even most professional and leaned people needed to be advised regularly as everyone has their limitations in both knowledge and experience. Wise individuals always love to sit in discussions and conversations with older and more experienced knowledge to have share in their practical wisdom and make their success more solid and certain. It is certain that most of time a result that come out of more heads is better than a result of conclusion come out of a single head. Assemblies, meetings, conferences, etc are based on this principle, so counseling is just like advice but here it is flavored with collective wisdom.

There are some qualities that make the learned tactics more specialized and personalized as follows

1- Conscious learning or objective learning

2- Ambition

3- Discussion

Some exemplary tactics:

1- Be with spirit of time:

Every time has their own life that is characteristics of them. Living in a time without understanding and connecting with spirit of it make one a failure in adaptations. Every period of past has its own spirits. Sticking to a spirit make one life evolved under its influences. It is possible to live with spirit of any time, whether any period of past, present or future. It needs just connection. Understanding and adapting them as lifestyle is the way one connects. Spirit of time is values that it carries. How much one has acquired and mastered this values are measure of his connection with that time’s spirit.

2- It is important what to be but it is more important what to do:

As everything evolve, so is with objectives and visions. It is a natural phenomenon that all focus in what to be. As one’s destiny become obvious by his perusing career or by growing an age in enter in professional life, then the it is become more and more important that what to do. With growing age a sense of self-accountability also grows. Hence it is right the focus in education should be on what one wants to be but it shouldn’t be neglected that what they are going to use or to do with their knowledge, skills they have learnt. In short what will be their use of life? This is a critical question. Most of people lack achievements not because they haven’t the skills, potentials, will or chances but because they have no purpose and hence no tasks in their minds. Even most skilled and educated men become frustrated and helpless as they think there is no useful use of their knowledge and skills despite attractive jobs, salaries or positions.

3- Having an acceptance and visions of developmental stages:

Everything that grow have developmental stages, hence accepting this facts and adapting this approach in planning and managing works and achievements make works, results and expectations more realistic. The highest benefit of this approach is help in consistency. When one have a clear approach and understanding of developmental stages he thinks, expects and works more logical and hence both passion and patience remain intact. This approach also helps in keeping struggles ahead for continuous growth. One has in mind that life is the alternative name of growth so one has to grow to be called alive.

4- Dare to follow your purpose and express yourself and ideas:

Daring is more important than wisdom. Though it daring is dangerous when accompany foolery but how many common men are there who succeeded just because they have dared. And how many creative, experienced, wise and knowledgeable individuals are there who have wasted their talents because they have not dared to use them or to expose them.

5- Grow patience and passion in what you are interested in much:

Passion is a strength and weakness at same time. If it is inside, it is strength but when it is outside and visible it is a source of weakness. As passion keeps you energetic and passionate about your objectives and provides extra energies for more lively life but people will exploit it as a source of your weakness. Business and politics and socialization are the areas that exposed passions are most exploited.

6- Organize yourself by your visions and your followers by common good of your visions: As unity is a source of strength for a social group similarly, it is a source of strength for an individual also. Vision is a mental process that unites all other mental processes. Hence vision is necessary to maximize utility of potentials of an individual. It uses all your energies in one direction that ensure success. Vision, not only unite an individual but it also helps unite others to help you or follow you to achieve them. Sure! Every vision has its values which inspire and guide people to work for achieving them. It is a success in itself that your visions unite your all potentials and energies and inspire other to follow you for a particular purpose.

7- Consistency is the most common and experienced way to success:

Consistency is a way of mastering. Masters are synonyms with success as they know how to do things successfully. Consistency is coinciding with mastering through experience or five senses. It doesn’t require special abilities. For easy understanding just take example of a baby. A baby still hasn’t developed conscious or rational mind but yet he is learning by experience or practicing or doing something until mastering in it. Surely an adult who has developed rationality to some level will succeed in mastering anything if he keeps practicing. Consistency is not only a way of mastering but it is a creator of opportunities. A Persistent one surely grows than others and hence become able to solve problems that others can’t do. This is a process of making position in society. And every position has its own opportunities. Consistency is also providing visibility which is in it a tactic for success.

8- Visibility:

Visibility is the door to opportunities. It is why individuals, businesses and organizations focus it as part of their important strategy. Visibility attracts success and even make a share to others success. People make different strategies to become visible. Tactics that I have mentioned above all are collective and related to each other so they work as visibility strategies.

9- Participation:

Participation is the most effective way for visibility. It is also a source of learning and shaping an individual. Participation makes visible and open door to opportunities.

Tactics are mechanism of success. This is a vast topic but not specialized topic. Personal experiences and observations are more important and effective than bookish knowledge so I invite individuals to share their tactics and experiences.