Python Programming

Call Center Operation in Covid-19

2020-07-13T13:23:00.004+05:30

Call Center Operation in Covid-19

Introduction

A call center is a department or a office in which incoming or outgoing calls from customers(either new or existing) are handled by the team of agents. Main functions of call centers are as follows:-

Handling the problems of customers
Offering customer support
Provide product and service information to customers
Upsell products and services
Document all call information according to standard operating procedures

There are much more functions that are performed at call center. We are not going into details.In addition to servicing customers’ needs, phone calls handled by call centers are valuable touchpoints with customers. With some products or services, phone calls are the only interaction that brands have with their customers. Now let us see the impact of Covid-19 on call centers.

Virtual Call Centers

A virtual call center enables you to connect call directly to your agent's mobile phone. Instead of typical traditional call center's setup where agents are tied to the desks, a virtual call centers enables agents to work remotely from anywhere,anytime. As the virtual call centers are cloud based there is no need of setting up the costly equipment.

While people aren’t turning to robotics quite yet, transitioning to a
virtual call center has become a reality for many — thanks to COVID-19. The Covid-19 pandemic ha changed the way call centers handles their customers around the world.

When COVID-19 hit, most contact centers were unprepared to transition to the workfrom home model (WFH). During the transition, it was difficult for managers and agentsto handle the stress of trying to replicate the necessary hardware and software.More than ever, managers maintaining operations from this new model are beginning to see the importance of a virtual call center.

A complicated structure that requires very heavy hardware and software is now replaces is now replaced with cloud bases services and is going to continue after this pandemic also.As managers are starting to quickly realize, this recent pandemic came with new

maintenance and customer service expectations, they moving to cloud based platforms like TCN.

Flexibility in work

Flexibility to quickly and dynamically change the physical location of your contact center is another essential continuity planning tool in handling fast-moving emergencies. It enables flexibility in work life balance. Now can the agents can give equal time to work and their families.

The quality of service your agents provide is critical in the eyes of most customers. In fact, 55% of customers in a recent survey said they switched to another company after a bad customer experience. If you want to retain your customers, you need to make sure your call center agents are providing satisfying customer care. And by the nature of human we can say that a man feel more relaxed at home than at workplace so customers will be more satisfied by the service provided to them.

Service Reliability

The top priority for any contact center is to engage with customers when and where they want, be it a toll-free phone line, chat room, Twitter feed or a myriad of other channels. And if they don’t find you there, there’s little to stop them from moving on to your competition—especially when that competition is there when you’re not.Delivering this level of connectivity and engagement goes beyond just setting up a phone line or chat room. It also necessitates constantly maintaining it. And businesses that choose to manage their own communications are finding that this is no simple task.

Paramount to providing service in the event of a pandemic like COVID-19 affecting your area is to ensure that customers are always able to reach the contact center even in the event of network or voice service outages. This is ensured by many companies and to ensure it ,it requires flexibility with low cost and excellent customer service which has became possible in this pandemic by using virtual call centers and many other ways.

In the case of Microsoft, customers calling into Microsoft Support or using their Virtual Assistant are provided the choice to ‘message an Expert’. Upon choosing this option, customers receive an instant text message with a link to a messenger widget. This enables Microsoft to leverage its fans’ knowledge and enthusiasm to resolve customer queries regarding managing user accounts, billing and subscriptions.

AI and chatbots has made it possible to give an excellent customer service. Through AI, chatbots and expert customer service gig workers, brands are riding the wave of disruption and making a solid attempt at business as usual during highly unusual times.

Automation

Call Center Automation is the technology that automates the work done by a call center agent like using the pre-recorded audio instead of real agent. Call Center Automation software helps in improving the productivity and compliance of call center.It resolves customer problems faster while reducing costs.

These are some automation trends in call center:-

Desktop Automation
RPA Robotic Process Automation
Visual IVR
Chatbots
Big Data Analytics

Now we are not going to deep dive into it but you can study about them on google.

Inbound and Outbound call center services

Inbound call center services are referred to one where a customer initiates to a call center to get his queries resolved whereas Outbound services are where call center agents make calls to prospective or existing customers.

The main difference between an inbound and outbound call center is the way the calls take place. While many call centers handle both incoming and outgoing calls, when the majority of calls are inbound, it’s considered an inbound call center. Same goes for when the majority of calls are outbound.

In this time of pandemic,the call centers that are focused on inbound calls will make the most of the voicebots if they deploy them next to real agents so that routine calls can be taken over automatically by voicebots, and real agents can focus on upselling and issue solving in more complex calls.And the call centers focused purely on outbound, non-selling calls will absolutely relish voicebots as they will enable a fully automatic mode for communication with clients.

Customer Support

When it comes to customer support. it's the most important part of call center as a bad customer support may lead in losing the customers. Customer support and service representatives who work in the call center field phone calls made from customers who need help addressing a specific issue.

As we have talked about automation in earlier part, we can use it in many ways in customer services like using chatbots,using pre-recorded calls for most asked queries.Apart from this every customer has their own unique needs and goals that are specific to their situation. Recognizing these differences and adapting your communication to align with each customer is a great way to build rapport.

Call center in India

Having a call center in India is the norm for several global companies today. In order to meet the growing international demand for cost-effective, customer-oriented call centers, many organizations worldwide are outsourcing these services by setting up call centers in India.India has the largest English speaking audience after US which makes India a better choice for companies investing in India.

There is the large IT industry in India and many students and adults wants to grow their future in this industry which attracts companies.

In a call center operation, manpower typically accounts for 55 to 60 percent of the total cost. In India, manpower is available at a fraction of the cost that is prevalent overseas. However, some people get deterred by the fact that cost savings are not seen immediately.

Conclusion

From our above discussion, we can conclude that in this pandemic time the technology has helped call centers to grow and enhance their customer Service experience. Hope you like this blog . If you have any weird experiences with call centers,then please share with us in comments.

Importance of AI in COVID-19

2020-07-12T19:48:00.001+05:30

Importance of AI in COVID-19

Introduction

COVID-19 has brought the great changes in our lives, from ruining the economy to making the country so much digitally forward in such a less amount of time. India’s internet consumption rose by 13% since the nationwide lockdown was put in place to check the spread of Covid-19, according to telecom ministry data that showed Indians consumed 308 petabytes (PB) or 308,000 terabytes (TB) of data daily on an average for the week beginning March 22 .

Online classes to work from home all things require you to have an internet connection. That means we require online applications to help in these process.Now you might be wondering that what is the role of AI in this process.Let us first talk about what is AI.

What is AI ?

AI stands for artificial Intelligence. Now as the word itself suggest, the task which require human brain to be done but can be done by machines by applying some algorithms.

AI systems will typically demonstrate at least some of the following behaviours associated with human intelligence: planning, learning, reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, perception, motion, and manipulation and, to a lesser extent, social intelligence and creativity.

We encounter AI in our daily life . Here are some examples :-

Search engines like google use it for showing the most optimal search results(algorithms like Rankbrain)
Gmail uses machine learning to identify the spam mails and much more
Automated marketing emails use AI to figure out what emails to send based on how you’ve interacted with a business or website
Ads which you see on a website or youtube are more of your interests
Voice Searches on smart speakers or smartphones uses AI.

There are many more fields where AI is used. AI generally uses Python or R. We are not deep diving into working of AI but you can study these languages online.

Testing of Covid-19

We can see that a Danish pipetting robot is automating covid testing process around Europe. The benefit of testing via robots is that we can prevent the spread of Covid-19 to a much larger extent as there is no human intervention in this process. The robots like this are all working on AI. We train them and maintain their accuracy.

Since the beginning of May 2020, Flow Robotics has been helping to optimise the intensive work of analysing coronavirus samples in Denmark. Now, a team of robotics engineers at the University of Southern Denmark have developed a device that can automatically perform throat swabs without a human clinician being in the vicinity.

Many chatbots are now in use that can help in detecting the symptoms of covid-19. They require no human interaction for working. We can just train them and they can give the answers to the questions that are asked and can themselves identify the probability of the person having covid-19.

Enabling remote screening of patients will reduce the contact time between patients and frontline healthcare workers and, critically during the COVID-19 pandemic, can reduce the use of facemasks and other personal protective equipment during patient intake. Automation of lab and testing services: Robots can also automate manual operations that are labour-intensive, time-consuming and repetitive in order to reduce the burden on frontline healthcare worker.

These tasks are quite challenging but if implemented at large scale can be very beneficial in fighting with this pandemic.

Work From Home

Work from home is the thing that has grown at tremendous rate in lockdown. Thousands of employees are working from home. Many meetings,seminars and webinars are held using zoom,Skype, etc.These all apps works on AI.Using AI, it converts all the speech from a meeting into text and even identifies each speaker.

As working from home has increased the productivity of many employees, companies are looking to implement WFH as a permanent strategy for a percentage of their employees. As work from home is a big success, companies will continue it after lockdowns also. So in future it will require much more things than now which is possible using machine learning and AI.

AI pre-screening of candidates before inviting the most suitable in for interviews is an increasingly common practice at large companies which make thousands of hires each year, and sometimes attract millions of applicants.

Conclusion

Her we can conclude that AI is playing a greater role in making our lives easy and it will continue growing in future.

Big tech-giants like Google,Facebook use AI at very large scale and there are many job opportunities in this field and it will continue to grow in near future as it produced outstanding results. Hope you like this post. Comment down your experiences of AI.

Keith Number

2020-06-14T19:57:00.003+05:30

KEITH NUMBER

Before moving on to code let us talk about what is Keith number . A number is said to be Keith Number, if it appears in the sequence where first n numbers are digits of number itself and rest are formed by repeatedly adding the previous n numbers of the sequence . It is illustrated in the example below:

eg.

1. 14 is a Keith number

Sequence formed by 14 is 1, 4, 5, 9, 14, . . . .

First two numbers(1, 4) are digits of number(14) itself and rest are formed by adding the previous two numbers of sequence(1+4=5, 5+4=9, 9+5=14).

2. 197 is a Keith number

Sequence formed by 197 is 1, 9, 7, 17, 33, 57, 107, 197, . . . .

First three numbers(1, 9, 7) are digits of number(197) itself and rest are formed by adding the previous two numbers of sequence(1+9+7=17, 9+7+17=33, 7+17+33=57 ,17+33+57=107 , 33+57+107-=197).

NOTE:t is recommended that you first try this question by yourself.

Python Code

# Program to check for  keith number

t=int(input("Enter the number of times you want to execute the program "))
#This loop is for the number of  times you want to execute the program.. You don't have to restart the program again and again
for _ in range(t):
    n=input("Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number ")
    length=len(n)
    lst=[]
    # Appending the digits of number to a list
    for i in n:
        lst.append(int(i))


    sum=0
    c=0

    # We will break the loop when  sum of the last n numbers of seequence will be greater than n itself
    while sum<int(n):
        #There is no  keith number from 1 to 10
        if int(n)>=0 and int(n)<=10:
            break

        # Adding the last n numbers from the sequence
        sum=0
        for i in range(len(lst),len(lst)-length,-1):
            sum+=lst[i-1]
        lst.append(sum)

        # If sum is equal to n then break the loop and initialize c to 1
        if sum==int(n):
            c=1
            break
    if c==1:
        print(f"{n} is a Keith number")
    else:
        print(f"{n} is a not Keith number")

Output:

Enter the number of times you want to execute the program 6

Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number 14

14 is a Keith number

Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number 12

12 is a not Keith number

Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number 5752090994058710841670361653731519

5752090994058710841670361653731519 is a Keith number

Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number 197

197 is a Keith number

Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number 47

47 is a Keith number

Enter a number to be checked for a Keith number 565

565 is a not Keith number

Please share this post if this was useful and comment below your doubts and questions

Printing pattern A using A's and * 's

2020-02-07T16:58:00.001+05:30

Printing pattern A using A's

We are going to write our first pattern program in python. Printing pattern A using A's is much simple in python as compare to any other programming language.

We will simply be using for loop and if-else statement for constructing a pattern A. Here is the code of how you will do that.

# Program to print a pattern A using A's
str=" "
var="A"
j=1
for i in range(10,0,-1):
    print(str*85,end="")
    print(str*i+var,end="")

    if i==10:
        continue
    elif i==4:
       print(str+var+str+var+str+var+str+var+str+var+str+var+str)
       j=j+2           else:
      print(str*j+var)
      j=j+2

Output:

           A          
         A   A
        A     A
       A       A
      A         A
     A A A A A A A 
    A             A
   A               A
  A                 A

Printing pattern A using *'s

Now, lets directly see the code.

# Program to print a pattern A using A's
str=" "
var="*"
j=1
for i in range(10,0,-1):
    print(str*1,end="")
    print(str*i+var,end="")

    if i==10:
        continue
    elif i==4:
       print(str+var+str+var+str+var+str+var+str+var+str+var+str)
       j=j+2
    else:
      print(str*j+var)
      j=j+2

Output:

           *         
         *   *
        *     *
       *       *
      *         *
     * * * * * * * 
    *             *
   *               *
  *                 *

String methods in python

2020-02-03T17:00:00.001+05:30

Python String Methods

Python has very large set of in-built functions in strings which we can use directly without writing any extra code.

Note: We can store the result after applying methods into variables. There will be no change in the original string after applying these methods.

We will the methods step by step with examples.

1.) capitalize()

It capitalizes the first letter of our string.

eg.

str = "i am a word"
m=str.capitalize()

print(m)

Output:

I am a word

2.) casefold()

It converts the characters of string into lowercase.

eg.

str = "SUN RISES IN EAST"
m=str.casefold()

print(m)

Output:

sun rises in east

3.) count()

It returns the count of character that is passed.

eg.

str = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
m=str.count("b") # returns cont of small b
n=str.count("B") # returns cont of capital B

print(m)
print(n)

Output:

You can also specify the starting and ending points in a string.It will count the elements within specified length.

eg.



str = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"m=str.count("b",20,40) # returns cont of small between 20 and 40n=str.count("butter",30,50) # returns cont of capital butter between 30 and 50
print(m)
print(n)

Output:

4.) endswith()

This method returns true if a string ends with a word or

character specified in brackets.

eg.

str = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
m=str.endswith("b") # returns cont of small b
n=str.endswith("butter") # returns cont of capital B

print(m)
print(n)

Output:

True

False

You can also specify the starting and ending points in a string.It will check the ending characters within specified length.

eg.

str = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
m=str.endswith("u",20,40)

n=str.endswith("butter",40)


print(m)
print(n)

Output:

True

False

5.) find()

Searches the string for a specified value and returns the index of string where it was found. If the specified value occurs for more than one then it will return the index of string which it encounter first.

eg.

str = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
m=str.find("b")

n=str.find("butter")


print(m)
print(n)

Output:

You can also specify the starting and ending points in a string.It will find the string within specified length.

eg.

str = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
m=str.find("b",30,50)

n=str.find("butter",40)


print(m)
print(n)

Output:

6.) index()

It works in the same way as find works.Just you have to replace index with find.

7.) isalnum()
It returns true if the characters in the string are alphanumeric(i.e it must be combination of alphabets and numbers, no other symbol is allowed) else return False.

eg.

string="Python123" # alphanumeric(combination of alphabets and numbers)
string1="Python 123" # Space is included
string2="Python" # only alphabets
string3="1234" # only numbers
string4="Python123$%^." # special characters included
b= string.isalnum()
b1= string1.isalnum()
b2= string2.isalnum()
b3= string3.isalnum()
b4= string4.isalnum()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)
print(b3)
print(b4)

Output:
True
False
True
True

False

8.) isalpha()
It returns true if all the characters in a string are alphabets else return false.
eg.

string="Python123" # alphanumeric(combination of alphabets and numbers)
string1="Python " # Space is included
string2="Python" # only alphabets
b= string.isalpha()
b1= string1.isalpha()
b2= string2.isalpha()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)

Output:
False
False

True

9.) isdigit()
It returns true if all the characters in a string are numbers.
eg.

string="Python123" # alphanumeric(combination of alphabets and numbers)
string1="Python" 

string2="123" 

b= string.isdigit()
b1= string1.isdigit()
b2= string2.isdigit()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)

Output:
False
False

True

9.) isidentifier()
It returns true if all the characters in a string are valid identifiers.

A string is considered a valid identifier if it only contains alphanumeric letters (a-z) and (0-9), or underscores (_). A valid identifier cannot start with a number, or contain any spaces.

eg.

string="Python123_" # alphanumeric(combination of alphabets and numbers)
string1="_Python123" 

string2="123" 

string3="1python"

b= string.isidentifier()
b1= string1.isidentifier()
b2= string2.isidentifier()
b3= string3.isidentifier()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)
print(b3)

Output:
True
True
False
False

10.) islower()
It return true if all values in a string are in lowecase.

eg.

string="python123_" # alphanumeric(combination of alphabets and numbers)
string1="_Python123" # Space is included
string2="123"
string3="1python"b= string.islower()
b1= string1.islower()
b2= string2.islower()
b3= string3.islower()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)
print(b3)

Output:
True
False
False

True

10.) isupper()

It return true if all the characters in string are in uppercase.

eg.

string="PYTHON123_" # alphanumeric(combination of alphabets and numbers)
string1="_Python123" # Space is included
string2="123"
string3="1Python"b= string.isupper()
b1= string1.isupper()
b2= string2.isupper()
b3= string3.isupper()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)
print(b3)

Output:
True
False
False

False

11.) isspace()
It return true if all the characters in a string are spaces.
eg.

string=" "
string1="_ Python123"
string2=" g   "
b= string.isspace()
b1= string1.isspace()
b2= string2.isspace()

print(b)
print(b1)
print(b2)

Output:
True
FalseFalse

12.) lower()
It converts all the characters in the string to lowercase.
eg.

string="PYTHON "
string1="_ Python123"

b= string.lower()
b1= string1.lower()

print(b)
print(b1)

Output:
python
_ python123

g

13.) replace()

It replaces the specified character or string with a particular character or word.
eg.

string = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
b= string.replace("butter","milk")

b1= string.replace(",","-")

print(b)
print(b1)

Output:
Betty bought a bit of milk, But the milk was so bitter, So she bought some better milk, To make the bitter milk better

Betty bought a bit of butter- But the butter was so bitter- So she bought some better butter- To make the bitter butter better

:We can also specify the number of occurrences upto which we want to replace the number.
eg.

string = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
b= string.replace("butter","milk",3)

b1= string.replace(",","-",2)

print(b)
print(b1)

Output:
Betty bought a bit of milk, But the milk was so bitter, So she bought some better milk, To make the bitter butter better

Betty bought a bit of butter- But the butter was so bitter- So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better

14.) split()
Split returns a list on the basis of separator you specify. By default it takes space as separator.
eg.

string = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
b= string.split()

b1=string.split(",")

print(b)
print(type(b))
print(b1)
print(type(b1))

Output:
['Betty', 'bought', 'a', 'bit', 'of', 'butter,', 'But', 'the', 'butter', 'was', 'so', 'bitter,', 'So', 'she', 'bought', 'some', 'better', 'butter,', 'To', 'make', 'the', 'bitter', 'butter', 'better']
<class 'list'>
['Betty bought a bit of butter', ' But the butter was so bitter', ' So she bought some better butter', ' To make the bitter butter better']

<class 'list'>

You can also specify the maxsplit in the given string.
eg.

string = "Betty bought a bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better"
b= string.split(" ",3)

b1=string.split(",",2)

print(b)
print(type(b))
print(b1)
print(type(b1))

Output:
['Betty', 'bought', 'a', 'bit of butter, But the butter was so bitter, So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better']
<class 'list'>
['Betty bought a bit of butter', ' But the butter was so bitter', ' So she bought some better butter, To make the bitter butter better']

<class 'list'>

You can also take input using split() method.
eg.

user_input=input("Enter string separated by spaces").split()

print("Your given input in list format is",user_input)

m,n=input("Enter two numbers seperated by space").split()

print("Two inputs are :",m,n)

Output:
Enter string separated by spaces 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Your given input in list format is ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7']
Enter two numbers seperated by space 2 3

Two inputs are : 2 3

There are many more methods but these are the most important methods that we will be using.

14.) strip()
An in-built function in python which remove all trailing and leading spaces.
eg.

my_str="      strip is used  to remove spaces from start and end      "
print(my_str)
print("length of  original string",len(my_str))

my_str1=my_str.strip()
print(my_str1)
print("Length of string after removing spaces",len(my_str1))

String Slicing in python

2020-02-01T19:33:00.001+05:30

String Slicing Python

Slicing refers to extracting some words from a string. As in many other languages there are many different concepts for extracting a letters or words from a string ,in python we are having the concept of slicing. We can also the same things using looping, we will learn about it in our next tutorials.

Indexing in Strings

Before starting slicing, we need to understand the indexing in python. We have the concept of positive indexing and negative indexing.

Positive indexing starts from 0 to (length of string).It goes from forward to backward.

Negative indexing starts from -1 to -(length of string + 1).

It is illustrated in below example

Below are some examples of how to use string slicing to extract characters from string.

Accessing the characters in a string using positive index

eg.

string="We are studying string slicing"
s=string[0] # A single character will be printed present at index 0
w=string[4] # A single character will be printed present at index 4
q=string[6]# A space is being stored in q as space is stored at index 6
print(s)
print(q) # A single space will be printedprint(w)

Output:

Accessing the characters in a string using negative index

eg.

string="We are studying string slicing"
s=string[-1] # Last character from the string will be printed
w=string[-5] #  -5 index is equivalent to 25
t=string[25] 
print(s)
print(w)
print(t)

Output:

Slicing

We can extract the range of characters from string by providing indices in square brackets as [x:y:z]

where,

x= Starting Index (from where you want to extract)

y= Ending Index(upto where you want to extract)

z= Jump(Number of characters you want to jump)

Note: Always keep one thing in mind that characters are printed from index x to y-1

We will understand the following with the help of examples:

eg.

string="We do great things here"
s=string[0:5]

w=string[-4:-1] 

t=string[6:-5]
print(s)
print(w)
print(t)

Output:

We do

her

great things

eg.

string="We do great things here"
s=string[0:5:2]

t=string[6:-5:3]
print(s)
print(t)

Output:

W o

gatn

Here we are seeing that string skips number of positions that is given in z position i.e

s will print characters at 0,2 and 4 index

t will print characters at 6,9,12 and 15 index

Slicing without some parameters

eg.

string="We do great things here"
s=string[0::2]

m=string[::]

p=string[1:]

q=string[:7]

t=string[:-5:3]

print(s)
print(m)
print(p)
print(q)
print(t)

Output:

W ogettig ee

We do great things here

e do great things here

We do g

Wdgatn

Here we see that string slicing also work when no arguments are given.It automatically takes whole string if no arguments are given.

Type Casting and Type Conversion in python

2020-01-31T18:28:00.000+05:30

Difference between Type Casting and Type Conversion

The basic difference between type casting and type conversion is that type conversion is made automatically made by the interpreter or compiler whereas type casting is to be explicitly done by the developer.

We need type casting and type conversion when we need to convert the type of one variable to another type. When we want to perform addition or subtraction,the datatype of both variables .Type casting can be defined as, casting of one data type to another data type, by the programmer, at the time of program design.

Automatic Type Conversion(Implicit Type Conversion)

The interpreter only converts lower datatypes into higher datatypes.It cannot automatically convert higher datatype to lower datatype . It is also called Implicit Type Conversion

We can understand it by taking a real world example.Suppose that there is a person in a company who is working at a higher post, he cannot be automatically demoted by company, instead he has to be forced for doing that. Likewise, we may have other person in the company who is working at lowest position. If we want to promote him then it will happen very smoothly and the person is not required to be forced.

eg.

var_1=80
var_2=100.98
print("Type of var_1 is ",type(var_1))
print("Type of var_2 is ",type(var_2))

var_3=var_1+var_2

print("Type  of var_3 is ",type(var_2))
print("Value of var_3 is ",var_3)

Output:

Type of var_1 is <class 'int'>

Type of var_2 is <class 'float'>

Type of var_3 is <class 'float'>

Value of var_3 is 180.98000000000002

In this example we see that int(lower data type) is automatically converted to float(higher data type).

eg.

var_1="80"
var_2=100
print("Type of var_1 is ",type(var_1))
print("Type of var_2 is ",type(var_2))

var_3=var_1+var_2

print("Type  of var_3 is ",type(var_2))
print("Value of var_3 is ",var_3)

Output:

Type of var_1 is <class 'str'>

Type of var_2 is <class 'int'>

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "C:/Users/your name/PycharmProjects/firstproj/newfile.py"., line 5, in <module>

var_3=var_1+var_2

TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

In the above example we are getting typeerror as interpreter cannot perform implicit type conversion

Explicit Type Conversion

If we convert some data type to other datatype forcibly(i.e. manually) then it is called explicit type conversion.

Type conversion can be done by assigning the required data type function to the expression.

eg.

var_1="80"
var_2=100
print("Type of var_1 is ",type(var_1))
print("Type of var_2 is ",type(var_2))

var_1=int(var_1) # Converting string to integer datatype
var_3=var_1+var_2

print("Type of var_1 after conversion is is ",type(var_1))
print("Type  of var_3 is ",type(var_2))
print("Value of var_3 is ",var_3)

Output:

Type of var_1 is <class 'str'>

Type of var_2 is <class 'int'>

Type of var_1 after conversion is is <class 'int'>

Type of var_3 is <class 'int'>

Value of var_3 is 180

In the above example we are converting string to integer datatype using int() function

eg.

var_1="80"
var_2=100
print("Type of var_1 is ",type(var_1))
print("Type of var_2 is ",type(var_2))

var_2=str(var_2) # Converting integer to string datatype
var_3=var_1+var_2

print("Type of var_2 after conversion is ",type(var_2))
print("Type  of var_3 is ",type(var_3))
print("Value of var_3 is ",var_3)

Output:

Type of var_1 is <class 'str'>

Type of var_2 is <class 'int'>

Type of var_2 after conversion is <class 'str'>

Type of var_3 is <class 'str'>

Value of var_3 is 80100

In the above example we are converting integer to string datatype using str() function

eg.

var_1=100.58
var_2=100
print("Type of var_1 is ",type(var_1))
print("Type of var_2 is ",type(var_2))

var_1=int(var_1) # Converting string to integer datatype
var_3=var_1+var_2

print("Type of var_1 after conversion is is ",type(var_1))
print("Type  of var_3 is ",type(var_2))
print("Value of var_3 is ",var_3)

Output:

Type of var_1 is <class 'float'>

Type of var_2 is <class 'int'>

Type of var_1 after conversion is is <class 'int'>

Type of var_3 is <class 'int'>

Value of var_3 is 200

In the above example we are converting float to integer datatype using int() function.

Similarly we can convert a datatype to float using float() function.Syntax is same.

Converting user input to int()

eg.

a=int(input("Enter first value")) # Converting input to integer
b=float(input("Enter second value"))# Converting input to float
c=int(input("Enter third value"))# Converting input to integer
print("Type of a is",type(a))
print("Type of b is",type(b))
print("Type of c is",type(c))
print("Addition of numbers is",a+b+c)

Output:

Enter first value23

Enter second value34.56

Enter third value12

Type of a is <class 'int'>

Type of b is <class 'float'>

Type of c is <class 'int'>

Addition of numbers is 69.56

In the above example we are converting user input to integer and float. By default the input() takes values as string. To know more Click here

Taking user input in python

2020-01-30T18:08:00.000+05:30

Taking user input in python

Programmers and developers might often need a data to be entered by the user. Like you might have seen many websites asking for your username and password for logging in such Facebook, Twitter, Gmail, etc. You need to enter your details to use these websites.This is just one application of importance of user inputs. This will stop you at a certain point and will move forward when you enter details

To take user input from keyboard we just need to use an inbuilt function input() in our program

Note: Here we are discussing python 3.0 and above .The older versions have some different format so don't confuse with them

SYNTAX:
input ( prompt )

eg.

print("Enter your username")
username=input()
print("Enter your password")
password=input()
print("Your username is :",username)
print("Your password is :",password)

Output:

Enter your username
mohit@yopmail.com
Enter your password
123+-[]@
Your username is : mohit@yopmail.com Your password is :123+-[]@

Or instead of using print (for specifying which input you want to take from user), you can simply use a statement inside input() function as specified in the example:

eg.

username = input("Enter your username")
password = input("Enter your password")
print("Your username is", username)
print("Your username is", password)

Output:

Enter your username ankit@hotmail.com
Enter your password ankit1234@#
Your username is ankit@hotmail.com Your username is ankit1234@#

Remember that the input() function takes input in the form of string.Numbers can also be taken as strings.It is illustrated in below example:

eg.

a=input("Enter first value ")
b=input("Enter second value ")
c=input("Enter third value ")
print("Output is",a+b+c) #Strings get concatenated when + operator is used

Output:

Enter first value 45

Enter second value 67

Enter third value 90

Output is 456790

We can be double sure about it if we use type() function for checking type of variables.

a=input("Enter first value")
b=input("Enter second value")
c=input("Enter third value")
print("Output is",a+b+c)
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))

Output:

Enter first value hii

Enter second value67.89

Enter third value][\\

Output is hii 67.89][\\

Printing value multiple times :

a=input("Enter first value ")
b=input("Enter second value ")
c=input("Enter third value ")
n=10print((a+b+c+"\n")*10)

Output:

Enter first value Hey!

Enter second value Subscribe

Enter third value this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Hey! Subscribe this blog

Variables in Python and checking the type of variable

2020-01-29T17:42:00.000+05:30

What are Variables?

Variables are nothing but the reserved memory locations where you can store some values. When a variable is created it automatically allocates some memory for itself.

How declaration in python is different from other programming languages??

If you have been to other programming languages previously like java ,c or c++ then you need to give the datatype of the variable you want to use. But Python is a bit more flexible and intelligent you need not to specify the datatype of variable, python will automatically detect the datatype of variable will perform the operations accordingly.Python variables do not need explicit declaration to reserve memory space.

Assigning values to variables

You can simply assign values to variables by just putting an equals to(=) sign between variable and value.You can simply create a python file in pycharm

eg.

 a=10  # An integer variable

 b=45.67 # floating point variable

 c="Hii this is a string "

 print(a)
 print(b)
 print(c)

45.67

Hii this is a string

Multiple Assignments

You can assign multiple values to different variables

eg.

 a=b=c=10                     # integer variables print(a)
 print(b)
 print(c)

Output:

eg.

 a,b,c=10,20,30                     # An integer variable print(a)
 print(b)
 print(c)

Output:

How to check the type of variables?

To check the type of variable use we can simply use a built-in method called type().

SYNTAX:

type(object)
type(name, bases, dict)

We will understand it more clearly using examples:

eg.

a=10  # An integer variable
b=45.67 # floating point variable

c="Hii this is a string "
d=[1,2,4]


e={}

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))

Output:

Here we can see that type() method is returning the type of variables used in program

Escape Sequences in Python

2020-01-28T19:06:00.000+05:30

What are Escape Sequences?

Escape Sequences refers to the combination of characters that begin with the backslash(\). They are non-printable characters which convey some special meaning to interpreter like to change a line , leave seven spaces etc.An escape sequence is used when writing sections of code, like preprocessors definitions, to specify continuation characters,so that multiple lines of codes are consider as a single line by interpreter.

Escape Sequences are basically used for designing purposes. They can be used between the statements. An escape sequence contains more than one character but functions as a single character because there is no letter to textually represent escaped character.

How to use Escape Sequences?

The following is the list of some Escape sequences with the examples:

It is used to change the line. You can use it anywhere in the middle of statement.

eg. >>> print("I am here .\n You must come here"

Output: I am here.

You must come here

It is used to give a tab(seven spaces) in between two words in a single line.

eg. >>> print("I am here .\tYou must come here")

Output: I am here. You must come here

It is used to print a backslash(\) or to ignore some escape sequence.

eg. >>> print("\\")

Output: \

eg. >>> print("\\t got ignored")

Output: \t got ignored

eg. >>> print("C:\Users\name\AppData\Local\\testfile")

Output: C:\Users\name\AppData\Local\testfile

It is used to remove a character that is written previous to \b.

eg. >>> print("Removing a characters\b.")

Output: Removing a character.

Special character.

eg. >>>print("Hello World\f")

Output: Hello World

Prints a single quote '

eg. >>>print(" \' ")

Output: '

We have seen some important escape sequences that we will be using.Some of the other escape sequences, we will be seeing in our next tutorials.

Using Python as calculator and some operators

2020-01-27T18:23:00.000+05:30

Using Python as calculator

Python has the very large number of libraries and each library has its own specific use. But before heading towards advance Python, we must be knowing the basics of it.

What you have to do is to simply open your Python Console in pycharm and we are all set to go.In the Python Console as well as in our examples , input and output are distinguished by the presence or absence of prompts (>>> and …): to repeat the example, you must type everything after the prompt, when the prompt appears; lines that do not begin with the prompt are output from terminal .And we will be giving comments with #. Click here to know more about comments.

Now, open your python console and wait for the prompt(>>> ) to appear.(It must not take too long to appear)

eg.

#Some basic operations

>>> 67+89 ↵ #Input

156 #Output

>>> (659+567)/(456-345)*6 ↵

66.27027027027027 # Output Can also generate floating point output

# Now using /, // and % operators.

>>> 17/10 ↵ # simple division operation

1.7

>>> 17//10 ↵ # // returns floor value(discard fractional part)

>>> 17%10 ↵ # // return remainder

# Now using ** operators.

>>> 17**2 ↵ # return power of a number

1.7

# You can also give floating point numbers(Decimal numbers) as input .

>>> 18.0/2.0 ↵ # return floating point number

9.0

# You can also store numbers in a variable and then perform the same operations.

>>> a=2.0 ↵ # assign 2.0 to a

>>> b=3.0 ↵ # assign 3.0 to b

>>> a**b ↵ # calculating a to the power b

8.0 # Output

# We can also do above operations in this way:

>>> a=2.0 ↵ # assign 2.0 to a

>>> b=3.0 ↵ # assign 3.0 to b

>>> c=a**b ↵ # calculating a to the power b

>>> c ↵

>>> 8.0 # Output

# An error will occur if you try to access undefined variables

>>> k

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<input>", line 1, in <module>

NameError: name 'k' is not defined

# We can also use floating point and integer number together

>>> 8.0/3

2.6666666666665

NOTE: Remember that we cannot use ++ or -- operators in python as they are not supported and when used throw an error

Giving comments in python

2020-01-26T17:19:00.003+05:30

What are Comments ?

Comments are some statements or some expressions that we write for enhancing the readability of our code and making our program easier to understand. Python interpreter just simply ignore these comments and they doesn't become the part of program. We can simply say that we write them for simplicity and clarity of code.So that we face no problem in understanding them in future and comments also help other people to easily understand your code.

How to give comments in python?

There are basically two types of comments :-

1) Single Line Comment

These are the comments which we give in a single line.
These can be given by simply given by writing :
# followed by the statement that you want to give

eg. # I am a comment and python interpreter will definitely ignore me

eg. print("This is the comments tutorial")
# I am a print statement and this line will not affect your code

2) Multi Line Comment
If we want to give comments in multiple lines then instead
of using # in every line we can use ''' ''' or """ """

eg. ''' I am also a type of comment you can use me also .If
you got bored of using # then you can use me also '''

eg. # This is a comment
# given in more than
# one line
print("We are giving single line comments.")

''' This is a comment
given in more than
one line '''
print("We are giving multi line comments.")

Output: We are giving single line comments.
We are giving multi line comments.

Attributes of print statement in python

2020-01-25T14:49:00.000+05:30

Python print() statement

In our previous tutorial we have seen how to use print() statement.

Click here! if you haven't seen that tutorial.

The full syntax of print() statement is

print("* The statement to be printed",sep="The separator you want to insert between words",end="What you want to print at end of line", file=sys.stdout ,flush=False)

Here,

* - Here * means that we can give more than one print statement separated by commas

sep - Separators can be used when uou want to sepereate Words by some specific character. Default value of separator is " "(single space)

end- It simply indicates that how do you want to end your line.Default value of end="\n"(leave a single line)

file-- We use this attribute to write something into a file. That text will not be displayed in the terminal.

flush - decides whether to flush the stream or not. Default Value="False"

Note: In python you can use both " "(double quotes) or ' ' (single quotes) they both convey the same meaning.

Examples:

>>> print("Where are you going?", "I am going to the shop")

Output : Where are you going? I am going to the shop

>>>print("Where are you going?", "I am going to the shop",sep="-")

Output : Where are you going?-I am going to the shop

>>>print("10","7","1965", sep="/")

Output : 10/7/1965

Notice that sep work on the values we assign to it. Default value of sep is " "(a single space).

You can simply go to your pycharm terminal and can run these commands or you can create a separate python file and run it

eg. print("Sun rises in east")

print("and sets in west")

Output : Sun rises in east

and sets in west

eg. print("Sun rises in east",end=" ")

print("and sets in west")

Output : Sun rises in east and sets in west

eg. print("Sun rises in east",end=" and")

print(" sets in west")

Output : Sun rises in east and sets in west

Note: We will see "file" attribute of print() statement in upcoming tutorials after studying "FILE HANDLING"

Hello World : Creating our first python program

2020-01-24T14:59:00.000+05:30

HELLO WORLD! Create first python program

In our previous tutorials we have seen the installation and setup of of Pycharm and IDLE

Saying Hello World! to Python

Now we will run our first program and see how to print hello world in python.

Step 1) Open your PyCharm Editor and click on "Create New Project"

Step 2) You will need to select a location.

You can select the location where you want the project to be created. If you don’t want to change location than keep it as it is but at least change the name from “untitled” to some other name .
PyCharm should have found the Python interpreter you installed earlier.
Next Click the “Create” Button

Step 3) Now go to "File" menu. Select "New".Then select "Python File"

Step 4) A pop-up will appear ,write the name of your Python File and hit enter.

Step 5) Now type a simple program

print("Hello World")

You can use " " as well as ' ' .In python they both have same meaning

Step 6) Click the right mouse button.You will see a run option as seen in above image.Click the run option

Step 7) A terminal will be opened and "Hello World " will be printed as shown in the image

Congrats! We have successfully ran our first program. In our next blogs we will try other programs

Using pip in python and modules

2020-01-23T19:30:00.000+05:30

What are packages?

A package contains all the files you need for a module.

Modules are Python code libraries you can include in your project.

What is pip?

Pip is the package manager for Python .There are many packages that are built-in in python and need not to be installed. Some of the examples of packages that are in-built in python are

tkinter, random, etc.

But many modules are there which need to be downloaded and installed from outside sources. Some of those modules are

matplotlib, django, pandas,kiwi,pygame, etc. To use these packages we need to install them .

How to use pip?

1.If you are using IDLE

Step 1) Open the location where your python is installed.

If you haven't changed the default location of installing

then this will be the location of your IDLE.

C:\Users\Your Name\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts

Step 2) Open Command Prompt and paste the location.Now try running the command(Please ensure that you have an active internet connection)

pip install pandas

Press Enter

Step 3) Successfully installed message will appear.Now you are all set.

2.If you are using PyCharm

Using Pycharm , it is very easy to use pip and install packages.

Just you have to open pycharm, go to the terminal and write the command

Try writing the command

pip install pandas

Now you are all ready! Jet set go and code

How to install python IDE ? IDLE and Pycharm

2020-01-23T13:14:00.001+05:30

How to install Python IDE on Windows 10(Pycharm and IDLE)?

Pycharm is the best Python IDE available.It comes with many in

-built features. We will discuss its shortcuts in our next blogs.Pycharm is a cross-platform editor developed by jetbrains.

Installing Python

Step 1) Visit the official website of python or click the below link

https://www.python.org/downloads/ .

Step 2) Click on Download Python

Step 3) After the download is complete ,open the exe file and click on Install now

Step 4) After the successful installation it will show you a message

Setup was successful

Step 5) Now go to your windows search bar and type "IDLE"
Press Enter and you will see that idle is opened

Installing Pycharm

Step 1) Go to the official website of Pycharm or simply click the link given below

https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/#section=windows

Step 2) If you are a beginner then download the community version as professional version is paid. Click on download under community section.

Step 3) Once the download is complete, run the exe for install PyCharm. The setup wizard should have started. Click “Next”.

Step 4) Simply click on the next buttons until installation starts

Step 5)Once installation finished, you should receive a message screen that PyCharm is installed. If you want to go ahead and run it, click the “Run PyCharm Community Edition” box first and click “Finish”.

Step 6) Following screen will appear when you click on "Finish