Armadia Notes

Why Business Owners Are Heading Back to Campus

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 04:42:00 +0000

here's no substitute for the education entrepreneurs get in the competitive trenches, starting and running their own business. But there are cases in which a return to the classroom is the best--if not the only--way to get ahead. Some seek the type of immediate and tangible returns that come from learning a new language or skill, while others are searching for long-term solutions to jump-start stagnant businesses. And no matter their motivation for hitting the books, they're also challenged with keeping their companies afloat while they do it. These entrepreneurs are taking the leap--making a return trip to academia in search of the expertise they can't get on the job.

Motivation for More Education
New York City photographer Chris Corradino is among many successful entrepreneurs who are becoming serial students, perpetual pupils fortifying their skills, knowledge bases and résumés with additional academic work in the hope it will translate directly into growth for their ventures, either now or in the future. Corradino says the six-week "Writing for the web" course he took this summer through Media Bistro for $500 has already paid for itself in new clients, while also generating a pipeline full of new prospects, plus a sharp uptick in website traffic and Facebook followers. "I wanted to use my blog to take my business to the next level. It seems to be working."
Corradino says he's now considering a creative writing class to further expand his skills—and his opportunities. So what motivates him and other entrepreneurs to take on the new responsibilities that come with continuing their education, even as they continue running a business?

"Usually it's because they have a found a gap in their background that's troubling them," says Tom Kinnear, managing director of the Zell Lurie Institute for Entrepreneur Studies within the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business.
"I felt like something was missing--that getting an MBA might be a good thing to do," explains Verdi Ergn, a first-year MBA candidate at Ross who, after selling two successful food service ventures he started as an undergraduate, recently launched Own, a point-of-sale cashiering system developer. "There's a lot out there that I don't know."
For Gayle Reaume, the journey back to the classroom began with the hard-to-swallow realization that beyond a sluggish economy and escalating competition, perhaps her own limitations were holding her small company back.
"We certainly weren't growing as fast as I wanted to grow," Reaume, says of the Money Academy, the Austin venture she founded in 2005 to provide financial education programs for young people. "Growing a company means you need to know how the whole company works--every part of it. I've always been strong at certain things, like marketing, but I could see I was struggling with the intricacies of building and running a growth-oriented company."
Then Reaume had an epiphany, realizing that as the person who nurtured her own company from idea to successful enterprise, she also had the power to lead it to new heights. But doing so would require a little extra professional seasoning that she wasn't likely to get on the job. It was time, Reaume concluded, to go back to school.
"I'm a huge proponent of staying on top of your game through education," she explains. "It helps us stay engaged with a business landscape that is changing really fast."
Reaume's educational muse led her to enroll in ACTiVATE, a Texas State University postgraduate CEO development program for women entrepreneurs. Even before completing the year-long program (through evening courses that accommodated her ongoing duties running a company and a household), the $2,000 she paid in tuition has already produced big benefits by helping her land angel funding and scale up the company, she says. "I would have paid $10,000 for it. It's been a godsend."
For entrepreneurs like Reaume, the bottom-line benefits of executive education--whether via a quick, no-cost one-day online workshop, a full-blown, big-ticket MBA program at a top-flight brick-and-mortar institution or one of the many options in between--far outweigh the costs.
For entrepreneurs such as Jennifer Escalona and Dario Passadore, the educational impetus came from a desire to diversify and grow their companies. Escalona, an Atlanta-based social media consultant, departed this summer for a two-month Spanish language immersion course in Colombia, hoping it would help her build a Spanish-speaking clientele. Likewise, Passadore, president of Darmic Consulting, a consulting firm in Boca Raton, Fla., immersed himself in ISO training courses earlier this year, intent on steering his company into the international standards compliance arena. So far, so good, he says. "It allowed us to make a radical change in the company, to establish a whole new division. We went from zero to 100 in a couple months. Now [standards compliance consulting] is the main focus of our go-to-market strategy. That part of our business is really kicking."
Newly armed with an MBA in marketing that she earned on weekends while running her New York City-based public relations firm, ProwessPR, Erin Freeley says she now has the ability to deliver fully integrated PR and marketing plans. "And having my MBA makes my recommendations more credible, I think."
But continuing education is about more than building credibility, says Passadore. "It's about your own personal and professional growth--building the skills to make you a better leader, a better manager, a better entrepreneur."
Nonetheless, those skills are also marketable and bankable, an important consideration for entrepreneurs for whom the back-to-school end game is business growth. "My clients are excited about it because gaining access to the Hispanic market is big for them, too," says Escalona. "I see [learning Spanish] as giving me a big advantage over my competition."
Instant Grad-ification
Another huge benefit of straddling the line between student and business owner is the opportunity to use what you learn in class almost immediately to solve real-world business problems. "I've definitely gotten ideas in class, especially on the marketing side, that have been really useful to my company," says Rebecca Andino, who's working toward her MBA at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., while running Highlight Technologies, a Fairfax, Va., tech and support services company that makes its living largely from government contracts.
What's more, notes Reaume, by fortifying your knowledge base, "you can look to yourself for solutions instead of counting on other people to come in and solve your problems."
Access is another major perk of an executive education. The networking opportunities and contacts made through educational programs can prove invaluable. Today's classmates, professors and alumni might prove to be tomorrow's client, funding source, business partner board member or trusted strategic advisor. "You enter into a network where suddenly all these resources open up to you," says Kinnear.
Executive education also provides business owners who have been immersed in the day-to-day workings of their companies with a much-needed outside perspective, says Alana Muller, president of the Kauffman Foundation's FastTrac educational program for entrepreneurs. "It forces them to take a good, hard look at their business as it currently stands. That's vital for taking a business to the next level."
Balancing Act
The educational path a business owner takes to find that next level depends largely on two key resources: time and money. Adding academic responsibilities to an already heavy workload might be more than some entrepreneurs can handle. "I recently stopped using the word 'busy' and replaced it with 'productive,'" quips Corradino. "And there were a few times where I definitely found myself overly productive."
Here are some pointers for finding a program that's right for you--and successfully getting what you want from it:

Don't let ambition cloud good sense. Sometimes a quick-hit workshop or a single course is all you need.
Seek out flexibility. Find programs that fit your schedule; many institutions offer weekend, evening and online courses.
If you can afford it, pay the freight for a top-flight program. "They will give you the best education and preparation, along with more credibility, and more marketing and branding power," says Passadore.
Don't over-commit professionally or academically. "You'll do a disservice to yourself, your clients and your course work," says Freeley.
Try to preserve a semblance of balance. "You don't want to do a half-good job of running a business or a half-good job of being a student," says Kinnear. If, for MBA candidates, that means taking just a course or two at a time, or taking a semester off when business or family commitments dictate, so be it, adds Andino.

Once all the personal and professional factors have been weighed, says Kinnear, the decision to attempt the back-to-school balancing act comes down to simple costs and benefits. "The program has to be highly relevant to make it worthwhile."

David Port is a freelancer based in Denver who writes on small business, and financial and energy issues.

New Peterpan - cuplikan album baru yg segera launching

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 23 Apr 2010 06:38:00 +0000

Beberapa hari ini lg asik nyari mp3 lagu pribumi terbaru, ehh ada yg menarik perhatian saya... ya anda benar sesuai judul post ini, ada lagu new peterpan. Seperti yg kita ketahui bersama klo peterpan telah berganti nama seiring perubahan formasi personelnya, dari yg dulu PETERPAN (Ariel, Uki, Loekman, Reza, Andika, dan Indra.) menjadi NEW PETERPAN (Ariel, Uki, Loekman, Reza, dan Davied.)

Dengan formasi barunya ternyata tidak serta merta menjadikan 'warna musik' peterpan 'berasa' lain, justru semakin membuat sahabat peterpan penasaran :-D . Kalau anda juga penasaran seperti saya, silahkan coba cicipi beberapa cuplikan lagu baru mereka ini :

Apa komentar anda setelah mendengarkannya? adakah yg berubah dibandingkan dengan warna musik PETERPAN yg dulu?

Ngajarin si kecil berenang :)

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Mon, 19 Apr 2010 09:13:00 +0000

hari minggu kemaren 19 April 2010, saya meluangkan waktu untuk berenang bersama si kecil Rangga (10 bulan), ya memang idealnya buat karyawan yg bekerja 6 hari kerja dalam seminggu, hari minggu lah waktunya untuk mencurahkan perhatian kepada keluarga, karena mungkin tanpa disadari, orang orang terdekat kita merasakan kurangnya perhatian kita di hari hari kerja.

Dan mungkin karena sudah terbiasa mandi pakai air dingin sejak umur 6 bulan, rangga ga kenal lagi rasa takut air seperti balita lain yg sebaya dengannya, bahkan saking asiknya dia ga bisa diem selama saya ajak berenang, selalu aktif menggerakkan kaki dan tangannya sambil ngoceh gak karuan!, sungguh sangat mengasikkan, sudah seperti perenang pro aja gayanya nih :)

Akhirnya setelah cukup lama bermain dengan air di kolam renang favorit :) (yg pernah berenang disini pasti tahu banget) Rangga bersantai ria di tangga tamannya...

Lama ga posting

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Wed, 14 Apr 2010 03:41:00 +0000

wow !!! klo melihat tanggal terakhir post artikel disini rasanya seperti dejavu aja..... perasaan baru kmaren :ngakaks ternyata sudah sekian tahun man!... padahal produk yg saya muat di artikel tersebut juga masih ada di etalase salah satu toko komputer di jogja :) (ini yg jalan ditempat produknya atau teknologynya sih??)

dengan kesibukan yang itu dan ini, mudah mudahan niat baik dan keinginan untuk blogging ria bisa kembali lagi . . . ., twitter, facebook, kaskus, e-commerce,..... semuanya telah menjauhkanku dari blog ini.... dan ternyata ada rasa kangen untuk kembali kesini :)

see you all on next post :)

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 28 Nov 2008 07:20:00 +0000

Point Of View GF9800GTX+ specs detailed:

nVidia GT200 65nm 1400 juta transistor.
216Unified Shaders 28ROPs PCIE 2.0.
896Mb DDR3 448bit.
DX10.0 SM4.0. NVIDIA PhysiC Enable
Core 576MHz Mem 999MHz (1998) Shader 1242MHz.

Testbed:
Q6600, GA EP45-DS3, Adata EXTREEM 2GB 6400 CL4, Antec 430W.
WinXP Home SP2. 3DMark06, CPU-Z1.48, GPUZ0.28

Performance 3Dmark06 = 12898

Overclocking TEST:
Core 825MHz Mem 1200MHz (2400) Shader 2046MHz.
Q6600 @ 3.15GHz
Adata Vitesta Extreem @ 840 CL4

Performance 3Dmark06 OC = 15985.

Point Of View GTX260 Premium specs detailed:

nVidia GT200 65nm 1400 juta transistor.
216Unified Shaders 28ROPs PCIE 2.0.
896Mb DDR3 448bit.
DX10.0 SM4.0. NVIDIA PhysiC Enable
Core 576MHz Mem 999MHz (1998) Shader 1242MHz.

Testbed:
Q6600, GA EP45-DS3, Adata EXTREEM 2GB 6400 CL4, Antec 430W.
WinXP Home SP2. 3DMark06, CPU-Z1.48, GPUZ0.28

Performance 3Dmark06 = 13147

Overclocking TEST:
Core 700MHz Mem 1125MHz (2250) Shader 1509MHz.
Q6600 @ 3.15GHz
Adata Vitesta Extreem @ 840 CL4

Performance 3Dmark06 OC = 16691

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 03:17:00 +0000

Round UP Test Gigabyte Geforce 9400GT to 9500GT.

Dalam minggu ini tak terasa banyak Hardware menumpuk untuk dijadikan bahan uji coba, diantaranya adalah 5 VGA geforce 9 series dari gigabyte (9400GT 512, 9400GT OC 1G, 9500GT OC 512, 9500GT OC 1G, dan 9500GT 512 DDR3) tak lupa beberapa test yg lalu POV 9400GT 1G, 9500GT 512 DDR2 dan 9500GT 512 DDR3 sebagai perbandingan.

Berikut ini adalah Spesifikasi dari masing masing VGA yg ditest kali ini :

NAME	GPU	STREAM UNIT	VRAM CONFIG	CLOCK SPEED CONFIG
GA 9400GT 1G D2	G96 65nm	16 SPU / 8 ROPs	1024Mb DDR2 128bit	Core 650MHz / Mem 800MHz / Shader 1625MHz
GA 9400GT 512 D2	G96 65nm	16 SPU / 8 ROPs	512Mb DDR2 128bit	Core 550MHz / Mem 800MHz / Shader 1400MHz
GA 9500GT 1G D2	G96 65nm	32 SPU / 8 ROPs	1024Mb DDR2 128bit	Core 650MHz / Mem 800MHz / Shader 1625MHz
GA 9500GT 512 D2	G96 65nm	32 SPU / 8 ROPs	512Mb DDR2 128bit	Core 650MHz / Mem 1000MHz / Shader 1625MHz
GA 9500GT 512 D3	G96 65nm	32 SPU / 8 ROPs	512Mb DDR3 128bit	Core 700MHz / Mem 1600MHz / Shader 1750MHz

Untuk kinerja ataupun performa yg dihasilkan, berikut ini ScreenShot dan Chart perbandingannya :
Geforce 9400GT 512 DDR2

Geforce 9400GT OC 1G DDR2
Geforce 9500GT OC 512 DDR2Geforce 9500GT OC 1G DDR2Geforce 9500GT 512 DDR3

*Yang istimewa dan merupakan kelebihan dari GIGABYTE adalah penggunaan feature ULTRA DURABLE 2 pada VGA diatas, menjadikannya mampu bekerja diatas kemampuan standart(referensi nVidia).
**Dengan hasil test diatas, saya simpulkan bahwa performa yg ditawarkan oleh Geforce 9400GT dan 9500GT khususnya dari GIGABYTE ini terbukti mampu memberikan performa yang bersaing, bahkan lebih tinggi dari Geforce 8500GT (untuk 9400GT) dan Geforce 8600GT(untuk 9500GT DDR2) bahkan Geforce 8600GTS(untuk 9500GT DDR3).

"Melihat penawaran harga yang diberikan 9400GT dan 9500GT ini, sudah seharusnya dan selayaknya kita meninggalkan seri 8500GT, 8600GT, 8600GTS yang seharga namun tidak memberikan performa lebih baik dari seri 9"

Testbed:
Q6600, EP45-DS3, ADATA EXTREEM 2GB KIT, SAMSUNG 160SATA, ANTEC 430W.
Windows XP Home SP2, 3DMark06, GPUZ 0.28, CPUZ 1.48

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 02:34:00 +0000

1^st impression GA EP45-DS3

Setelah sekian lama menunggu kehadiran board dengan chipset P45 dengan harga terjangkau ini, akhirnya bulan ini barang yg saya tunggu tunggu ini datang. Melihat spesifikasi dan bentuk fisiknya seakan tidak ada perbedaan jika dibandingkan dengan TESTBED sebelumnya GA EP43-DS3L, hanya saja yg ini menggunakan chipset P45, dengan dukungan FSB lebih tinggi, 2 Slot PCIeX untuk CrossFire, 2 GBE LAN, dan HD Audio yg lebih baik. selebihnya sama saja...

Model	GA-EP43-DS3L(rev. 1.0)	GA-EP45-DS3(rev. 1.0)
CPU Type	Socket 775	Socket 775
FSB	(1600)/1333/1066/800 MHz FSB	1600/1333/1066/800 MHz FSB
Chipset	Intel P43 Express Chipset	Intel P45 Express Chipset
Memory type	Dual Channel, DDR2 1200+/1066/800/667 MHz	Dual Channel, DDR2 1333+/1066/800/667 MHz
Memory socket	DDR2 *4	DDR2 *4
Max. Memory	16GB	16GB
Graphics interface	PCI-Express (2.0) x16	PCI-Express (2.0) x16
PCI-Express X16 (X16)	1 (1x16)	2 (1x16 or 2x8)
PCI-Express X1 (X2,X4)	4 (PCI-Ex1)	3 (PCI-Ex1)
PCI	2	2
VGA	N/A	N/A
Storage Interface	6* Serial ATA 3Gb/s / 1*PATA	6* Serial ATA 3Gb/s / 1*PATA
eSATAII	0	0
RAID Function	N/A	N/A
LAN	GbE LAN(Realtek 8111C Gigabit LAN Controller)	2 GbE LAN(Realtek 8111C Gigabit LAN Controller)
Audio	HD Audio (Realtek ALC888)	HD Audio (Realtek ALC889A)
Codec channel	8	8
SPDIF IN/OUT	Yes/Yes	Yes/Yes
IEEE 1394	0	3
USB 1.1	Same as USB 2.0	Same as USB 2.0
USB 2.0	12 (4 by cable)	12 (4 by cable)
COM	1	1
Ultra TPM	N/A	N/A
DualBIOS	Yes	Yes
Thermal Solution	Heat Sink	Heat Sink
Form Factor	ATX	ATX
PCB size	30.5*21.0 CM	30.5*24.4 CM

berikut ini gambar perbandingannya...

Untuk performa yg dihasilkan ternyata memang menunjukkan beberapa peningkatan pada board ini, namun memang tidak signifikan atau ga kasat mata, cuma bisa dilihat dari hasil Benhmark PCMARK05nya.

PCMARK System Score* Standart

PCMARK System Score* Overclock
Soo, untuk keperluan harian lebih baik gunakan EP43-DS3L, but untuk keperluan overcloking lebih baik gunakan EP45-DS3.

Testbed:
Q6600, GA EP45-DS3, ADATA EXTREEM 2GB Kit, SAMSUNG 160SATA, ANTEC 430W.
Windows XP Home SP2, PCMArk05.

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Wed, 24 Sep 2008 08:15:00 +0000

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Mon, 15 Sep 2008 08:29:00 +0000

ASUS GF8500GT SilentMagic VS GIGABYTE GF8500GT TurboForce

Kali ini kita akan melakukan komparasi performa dari kedua produk sejenis, dari produsen berbeda, untuk lebih fair mari kita rujuk kepada spesifikasi Reference dari nVIDIA untuk Geforce 8500GT:
CoreClock: 450MHz, MemClock: 400MHz (800), ShaderClock: 900MHz
16 Unit Stream Processors, DX.10.0, MS.4.0
512Mb DDR2 128bit

Sedangkan Spesifikasi dari ASUS EN8500GT SILENT MAGIC adalah:
CoreClock: 459MHz, MemClock: 333MHz (666), ShaderClock: 918MHz
16 Unit Stream Processors, DX.10.0, MS.4.0
512Mb DDR2 128bit
Bisa dibilang ASUS melakukan downclock pada memory yang digunakan, mungkin hal ini dilakukan berdasarkan pertimbangan pendingin yang digunakan(SILENT Heatsink Only) ataupun untuk menekan harga jual agar lebih ekonomis dengan menggunakan VRAM berkecepatan lebih rendah sehingga biaya produksi juga lebih rendah, who knows?.

Untuk GIGABYTE GV-NX85T512HP, spesifikasinya yaitu:
CoreClock: 600MHz, MemClock: 400MHz (800), ShaderClock: 1570MHz
16 Unit Stream Processors, DX.10.0, MS.4.0
512Mb DDR2 128bit
Yang unik dari spesifikasi Geforce 8500GT dari Gigabyte ini adalah, Core Clock (600) dan Shader Clock (1570) yang digunakan jauh diatas Referensi dari nVIDIA (Core 400, Shader 900). Hal ini merupakan kebalikan dari langkah yang ditempuh ASUS, tampaknya Gigabyte cukup Percaya diri dengan kualitas komponen yang digunakan, mengingat pendinginan yang digunakan hanya type PASIF COOLING(hanya menggunakan Heatsink tanpa Kipas). Sedikit banyak hal ini cukup memperkuat image gigabyte tentang teknology ULTRA DURABLE nya.

TestBed Benchmark kali ini menggunakan System yang lebih Value dibandingkan benchmark terdahulu dengan Core2Quad :
Intel E2140 @2.4GHz
Gigabyte GA-G31M-S2C
Adata DDR2 800 2Gb x 2
Samsung Spinpoint 160Gb SATAII
ANTEC 430Watt
Windows XP Home SP3
3DMark01SE, dan 3DMark06

Untuk benchmark 3DMark01SE, GF8500GT dari ASUS mendapatkan Score sebesar : 18639 3Dmark01SE, sedangkan Gigabyte GF8500GT meraih 23187 3Dmark01SE Score!, cukup fantastis, Gigabyte unggul dengan performa 24.4% lebih baik dari pada ASUS.

Sedangkan pada benchmark 3DMark06, Gigabyte 8500GT mendapat score 2981 3DMark06, ASUS 8500GT kali ini membukukan score sebesar 2136 3DMark06, whoa? pada benchmark kali inipun Gigabyte mengungguli ASUS dengan selisih 39.5% diatas kinerja ASUS.

Berikut ini ada sedikit benchmark tambahan, yaitu dengan melakukan overcloking terhadap VGA dengan menggunakan software RIVA TUNER, dan overclok stabil yang saya dapatkan untuk ASUS 8500GT sebesar : Core 550MHz, Mem 400MHz, Shader 1100MHz, sedangkan pada Gigabyte 8500GT mencapai : Core 700MHz, Mem 500MHz, Shader 1832MHz. dan mencapaian score hasil benchmark sebesar 20730 3Dmark01SE dan 2521 3Dmark06 untuk ASUS 8500GT SILENT MAGIC, sedangkan Gigabyte 8500GT TurboForce mencatat 25314 3Dmark01SE dan 3562 3Dmark06, Lagi-lagi Gigabyte menunjukkan kualitasnya dengan pencapaian Score yang 22% lebih baik untuk 3DMark01SE dalam kondisi teroverclock, dan 41% lebih Kuat pada 3Dmark06. The Winner's absolutely Gigabyte!!!.

ENDWORDS: "Untuk yang lebih mementingkan kualitas dan investasi, Gigabyte jawabannya..."

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:33:00 +0000

Sekilas Performa ASUS EN9600GT Black Pearl.Salah satu penawaran baru dari ASUS dengan desain yang lebih eksklusif, antara lain penggunaan PCB berwarna hitam, HeatsinkFan dari Zalman VF900 juga dengan warna hitam, berikut dengan penggunaan SOLID Kapasitor, semua itu demi memberikan nilai prestisius yang lebih kepada pemilik VGA ini, adapun spesifikasi dari Geforce 9600GT kali ini adalah :

GPU G94, rev A1, 65nm, 505juta transistor, realease date Februari 2008.
64 Unified Shader, 16ROPs, PCIE2.0, DX10 / SM4.0.
512Mb GDDR3, 256bit memory Interface.
Core 700MHz, Mem 950MHz(1900), Shader 1750MHz.

Untuk Testbed kali ini masih tetap menggunakan :

Intel Core2Quad Q6600 @ 3.0GHz
Gigabyte GA-EP43-DS3L
DDR2 1GB PC6400 CL4 x 2 (Dual Channels total 2GB)
ExcelStor 160GB SATA2
Antec 430Watt
Windows XP PRO SP2, 3dmark06.

Adapun hasil benchmark yang didapatkan sebesar 13442 3DMark06, score yang diatas rata rata Geforce 9600GT, hal yang lumrah karena ASUS seri BlackPearl ini secara default menggunakan konfigurasi Clock diatas referensi atau standart nVidia (Core 650MHz, Mem 900MHz(1800), Shader 1650MHz).

Apakah hanya sebesar itu saja kemampuan overclock dari VGA ini? untuk menjawabnya mari kita coba tuned up dengan riva tuner..., dan ternyata hasil maksimal yang saya dapatkan dengan hanya mengandalkan produk ini apa adanya, tanpa pendinginan ekstra dan hardware mod, mendapatkan konfigurasi Core 750MHz, Mem 1000MHz(2000), Shader 2000MHz. dan score yang dihasilkan sebesar 14142 3DMark06, not bad, mengingat rata rata produk yang sudah teroverclok secara pabrikan biasanya susah untuk 'ditarik' lebih tinggi lagi. Beriku ini ScreenShootnya:
EndWords: "VGA dengan kemampuan ekstra dan nilai prestige yang lebih membuatnya menjadi masuk akal ketika kita melihat harganya yang diatas rata rata Geforce 9600GT standart"

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Tue, 09 Sep 2008 04:40:00 +0000

ASUS EN8400GS Silent VS EN7200GT SILENT

Geforce 8400GS secara spesifikasi hanya menggunakan GDDR dengan konfigurasi 64bit saja, dibandingkan dengan Geforce 7300GT yang menggunakan Memory 128bit, tentunya sekilas saja kita langsung menilai kinerja atau performa 8400GS pasti berada dibawah 7300GT, hhmmhhmm apakah kita yakin 100% dengan pendapat itu? untuk lebih "Fair" nya, mari kita test secara langsung kinerja dari kedua VGA tersebut...

Spesifikasi EN8400GS SILENT:

GPU : G98, 65nm, release 2008
Clock: Core 567MHz, Mem 500MHz, Shader 1400MHz
16 Shader Unit, 4ROPs, 512Mb DDR2 64bit, DX10.0/SM4.0

Spesifikasi dari EN7300GT SILENT :

GPU : G73, 80nm, release 2006
Clock: Core 400MHz, Mem 400MHz
8Pixel Pipeline, 4Vertec shader, 8ROPs, 512Mb DDR2 128bit, DX9.0c/SM3.0

Spesifikasi TESTBED:

Intel Core2Quad Q6600 @ 3.0GHz
Gigabyte GA-EP43-DS3L
DDR2 1GB PC6400 CL4 x 2 (Dual Channels total 2GB)
ExcelStor 160GB SATA2
Antec 430Watt
Windows XP PRO SP2, 3dmark06.

Ternyata hasil yang didapatkan pada 3Dmark06 untuk GF8400GS sebesar 2147 point, sedangkan GF7300GT sebesar 2238point. nahh??? ternyata selisih kinerja dari 8400GS dan 7300GT tidak kentara? bisa dibilang Kedua VGA ini mempunyai performa yang sama untuk kinerja grafisnya. brikut ini ScreenShootnya :

NB: perbandingan kinerja kali ini menggunakan windows XP dengan dukungan directX9.0c, sehingga kemampuan sebenarnya dari Geforce 8400GS (G98) dengan DirectX10.0 dan SM4.0 belum terlihat . . .

EndWords : "saat ini saat yang tepat untuk beralih ke Windows VISTA SP1, dan VGA dengan dukungan directX10"

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Sat, 06 Sep 2008 04:38:00 +0000

POV GeForce 9500 GT (GDDR2 vs GDDR3)

Sesuai judul diatas, kali ini kita akan membandingkan seberapa besar selisih performa dari kedua VGA yang dari segi fisik seperti Kembar siam. (lihat gambar dibawah ini)
Perbedaan yang paling mencolok secara fisik adalah Heatsink Fan pada versi GDDR3 lebih tebal sekitar 1cm. berikut spesifikasi dari masing masing VGA :

POV GeForce 9500 GT 512Mb DDR2
GPU : G96 Rev. A1, 65nm, release date July 2008, jumlah transistor = 314Juta
Shader Prosesor : 32 Unit, 8ROPs, DX10.0 SM4.0
GDDR : 512Mb, DDR2, 128bit
Core Clock : 550MHz, Mem Clock : 400MHz (800), Shader Clock : 1375MHz

POV GeForce 9500 GT 512Mb DDR3
GPU : G96 Rev. A1, 65nm, release date July 2008, jumlah transistor = 314Juta
Shader Prosesor : 32 Unit, 8ROPs, DX10.0 SM4.0
GDDR : 512Mb, DDR3, 128bit
Core Clock : 550MHz, Mem Clock : 800MHz (1600), Shader Clock : 1375MHz

Sedangkan Testbed yang digunakan sbb:

Intel Core2Quad Q6600 @3.0GHz
Gigabyte EP43-DS3L
DDR2 800 CL4
ExcelStor 160 SATA
ANTEC 430W
Samsung 632NW
Windows XP SP2, 3Dmark06.

hasilnya?, untuk seri GDDR2 mempunyai score 5262 3DMark06, sedangkan seri GDDR3 mencapai 7006 3DMark06, merupakan selisih yang cukup signifikan, mencapai 33%!!!.
Diatas ini adalah ScreenShoot hasil benchmark dari 9500GT DDR2
Diatas ini adalah ScreenShoot hasil benchmark dari 9500GT DDR3

NB: Ada catatan sedikit tentang kelebihan dari 9500GT DDR3 ini, hasil test untuk kemampuan overclokingnya ternyata cukup baik, bahkan boleh dibilang memuaskan, score 3DMark06 yang diraih mampu mencapai 8292 3DMark06. suatu pencapaian yang sewajarnya, mengingat jenis GDDR yang digunakan dari Samsung dengan rating 1ns, sehingga seharusnya memory dapat berjalan dengan baik pada 1000MHz(2000). ScreenShootnya dapat dilihat dibawah ini :
End Words: "Geforce 9500GT DDR3 dengan kapasitas 512Mb dan kemampuan overclocking yang baik menjadikan VGA ini sebagai pilihan yang tepat untuk Gaming dengan Budget terbatas"

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 06:50:00 +0000

Hasil Pencarian :

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 03:42:00 +0000

Optimalisasi PC Anda :

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 03:19:00 +0000

Get the latest Driver from Nvidia...

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 29 Aug 2008 08:06:00 +0000

GIGABYTE RADEON HD4850 512 DDR3 Ref. (GV-R485-512H-B)

"Kali ini, mari kita lihat seberapa baik kemampuan VGA yang merupakan salah satu VGA paling diminati dan cukup ramai dibicarakan di berbagai forum review."

Spesifikasi HD4850

Powered by Radeon HD 4850 GPU
Supports PCI Express 2.0
Microsoft DirectX 10.1 and OpenGL 2.1 support
Integrated with the industry's best 512MB GDDR3 memory and 256-bit memory interface
Supports CrossFireX™ and Avivo™HD technology
Features dual DVI-I / D-sub / HDMI / HDCP

Benchmark Specs:

Windows XP Pro SP2
3DMark06
Q6600
GA-EP43-DS3L
2x Hynix FP-S6 512Mb DRR2 800
160Gb SATA2 ExcelStor
ANTEC 430W

dengan menggunakan konfigurasi testbed seperti diatas didapatkan skor 3dmark06 yang cukup tinggi. mencapai 11714 point (dengan kondisi VGA dan CPU default).

sedangkan dengan overclock prosesor mencapai 3GHz (Default 2.4GHz) dan VGA 700Mhz Core 1100MHz(2200) Vram (default 625MHz Core, 993MHz(1986) Vram). Score 3DMark06 yang didapatkan mencapai 13648point.

Ternyata Peningkatan performa yang dihasilkan mencapai 16.5%.

"suatu pencapaian yang cukup baik mengingat suhu kerja dari VGA ini yang secara defaultnya saja cukup tinggi (kisaran 70C), dan hal ini membuktikan kualitas komponen yang digunakan oleh Gigabyte diatas rata rata"

NB: ScreenShoot disebelah menunjukan seberapa besar peningkatan performa yg didapatkan dengan overclock, baik itu CPU atau VGA.

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 22 Aug 2008 07:43:00 +0000

Quick Test POV 9800GTX EXO, GTX260, GTX280.

Spesifikasi Teknis : Geforce 9800GTX EXO

GPU G92, Rev.A2, 65nm (die 330mm², 754M Transistors) release date APRIL 2007.

128 Unified Shader, 16 ROPs, DX 10.0, SM 4.0. Memory Type GDDR3 256bit

Core Clock 725 MHz, Memory Clock 1150 MHz (2300MHz), Shader Clock 1813MHz.

Hasil Benchmark dari 3DMark06 = 7162

Spesifikasi Teknis : Geforce GTX 260

GPU GT200, Rev.A2, 65nm (die 576mm², 1400M Transistors) release date JUNI 2008.

192 Unified Shader, 28 ROPs, DX 10.0, SM 4.0. Memory Type GDDR3 448bit

Core Clock 576 MHz, Memory Clock 999 MHz (1998MHz), Shader Clock 1242MHz.

Hasil Benchmark dari 3DMark06 = 7150

Spesifikasi Teknis : Geforce GTX 280

GPU GT200, Rev.A2, 65nm (die 576mm², 1400M Transistors) release date JUNI 2008.

240 Unified Shader, 32 ROPs, DX 10.0, SM 4.0. Memory Type GDDR3 512bit

Core Clock 602 MHz, Memory Clock 1107 MHz (2214MHz), Shader Clock 1296MHz.

Hasil Benchmark dari 3DMark06 = 7244

Testbed yang digunakan :
Intel E2140 (1.6GHz, 1Mb L2 Cache, FSB 1066)
Jetway 946GZM3 (Intel 946GZ)
FAST DDR2 667 512Mb x 2
ANTEC 430W.
WINDOWS XP PRO SP2.

NOTE :
Untuk pencapaian Score 3DMark06 dari masing masing VGA pada Quick test ini belum dapat memberikan perbedaan performa yang signifikan, padahal dari segi spesifikasi ketiga VGA ini sangat berbeda, 9800GTX 128 Unified Shader, 16 ROPs, 256bit GDDR3, pada GTX260 192 Unified Shader, 28 ROPs, 448bit GDDR3, untuk GTX280 240 Unified Shader, 32 ROPs, 512bit GDDR3.
Kemungkinan besar hal ini disebabkan karena keterbatasan TESTBED yang digunakan, E2140 dengan clock 1.6GHz dan L2 Cache 1Mb, dan WINDOWS XP PRO SP2 (DirectX 9.0C) belum dapat memaksimalkan kinerja dari VGA HighEnd tersebut, terutama GT200 Series dengan CUDA nya.
Semoga dalam waktu dekat ini testbed dengan Spesifikasi :
Core2Quad Q6600, Board dengan chipset P45, DDR2 1066MHz, dan Windows VISTA SP1 telah siap untuk digunakan . . . , sehingga dapat menjawab semua rasa penasaran yang ada.

FASTA Q Series

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Thu, 14 Aug 2008 09:24:00 +0000

FASTA Q Series

·Core2Quad Q6600 (2.4GHz x 4, FSB 1066MHz, 8Mb L2 Cache)
· Gigabyte G31M-S2C (Ob VGA GMA3100, Ob 6CH HDAudio, Ob 10/100 LAN)
· Kingston KVR667 DDR2 1GB x 2 (Dual Channels DDR2 PC5300)
· Samsung 80G SATA (8Mb Buffer SATA 3Gbs)
· Samsung DVDRW 20X
· Chase EZCool Rxx (500Watt PSU)
· Keyboard + Mouse Optic

Harga pada Kurs $9200 (Price List 13 Agustus 2008) Rp. 3.967.200

NB: Dalam spek kali ini sengaja tidak kami cantumkan monitor dan speaker karena kedua hardware tersebut tidak mempengaruhi kompatibilitas dan lebih tergantung pada selera dan budget dari user.

TEST & PERFORMANCE REVIEW

Beberapa ScreenShot dibawah ini menunjukan seberapa baik performa system diatas.

Dibawah ini contoh spek untuk mewujudkan suatu system computer berbasis quadcore dengan dana terjangkau

	Multimedia Q6600				$	9215

NO	Pheriperal	Name	Qty	Price$	PriceRp.	Subtotal
1	Processor	Q6600 Core2Quad (2.4GHz x 4)	1	211		1944365
2	Motherboard	GIGABYTE GA-G31M-S2C (ob VGA, Sound, LAN, USB)	1	68		626620
3	Memory	Fast DDR2 512Mb PC5300 x 2 (1GB Dual Channels)	2		170000	0
4	Harddisk	Samsung 80Gb SATA2 (8Mb Buffer)	1	39		359385
5	Optical Drive	Samsung DVDRW 20X (Tray)	1	27		248805
6	Chase	ErSys EZCOOL R5 Series (500W PSU)	1		300000	0
7	VGA	OnBoard GMA 3100 DVMT 256Mb (DX9.0c Ready)				0
8	SoundCard	OnBoard 6CH HD Audio (Realtek RTL8101E)				0
9	KeyB+Ms	Standart Optic Series	1		47000	0
10	Monitor	Optional				0
	TOTAL PRICE	3696175

	Mild Gamers Q6600
NO	Pheriperal	Name	Qty	Price$	PriceRp.	Subtotal
1	Processor	Q6600 Core2Quad (2.4GHz x 4)	1	211		1944365
2	Motherboard	GIGABYTE GA-G31M-S2C (ob VGA, Sound, LAN, USB)	1	68		626620
3	Memory	Kingston DDR2 1Gb PC5300 x 2 (2GB Dual Channels)	2	23		423890
4	Harddisk	Samsung 160Gb SATA2 (8Mb Buffer)	1	47.5		437713
5	Optical Drive	Samsung DVDRW 20X (Tray)	1	27		248805
6	Chase	ErSys EZCOOL R5 Series (500W PSU)	1		300000	0
7	VGA	GIGABYTE GF8500GT TurboForce 256Mb DDR2	1	66		608190
8	SoundCard	OnBoard 6CH HD Audio (Realtek RTL8101E)				0
9	KeyB+Ms	Standart Optic Series	1		47000	0
10	Monitor	Optional				0
	TOTAL PRICE	4636582.5

KENAPA HARUS QUADCORE?
Beberapa tahun yang lalu prosesor dual core sudah lebih dari cukup untuk menjalankan segala keperluan Multitasking yang ada, karena software yang kita gunakan pada tahun tersebut didesain atau diciptakan untuk berjalan secara maksimal pada komputer berbasis dualcore saja, kebanyakan juga masih singlecore .

Sekarang ini sudah banyak software yang diciptakan untuk bisa berjalan maksimal pada komputer yang berbasis multicore, sehingga saat ini dan beberapa tahun kedepan, penggunaan komputer dengan 4 core prosessor didalamnya merupakan hal biasa. . ., dan hal tersebut hanya masalah siapa yang mau memperkenalkan terlebih dahulu, atau menunggu dikenalkan oleh orang lain.

Untuk lebih mudahnya, dapat kita lihat contoh gambar disebelah, dimana pada gambar paling atas kita lihat visualisasi atau gambaran cara kerja prosesor singlecore (1 Core) ketika menjalankan 2 Software secara bersamaan (contohnya mediaplayer untuk memutar musik pada saat mengerjakan laporan dengan menggunakan word office), maka yang terjadi adalah eksekusi program dijalankan secara bergantian oleh prosesor, lain halnya dengan prosesor dualcore (2 Core), program dijalankan secara bersamaan oleh masing-masing Core. Untuk prosesor quadcore (4 Core) tentunya performa diatas rata rata yang akan dinikmati.

Adobe Photoshop CS3 merupakan salah satu contoh software yang didesain untuk dapat memanfaatkan kekuatan dari prosesor multicore, sehingga dapat dirasakan peningkatan kecepatan dan kemampuan olah graphic (physic) secara signifikan (dibandingan dengan hanya menggunakan prosesor dualcore).

Dua gambar disamping (1-2 dari bawah) menunjukkan contoh nyata peningkatan kinerja hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan penggunaan prosesor dualcore.

“Dengan budget hanya 4jt an kita sudah dapat mewujudkan system berbasis QuadCore, tunggu apalagi ? ? ?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”

UFD KINGSTON DT100

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Sat, 05 Apr 2008 06:01:00 +0000

TEST UFD Kingston DT100 Series

DT100 1GB Benchmark result

DT100 2GB Benchmark result

DT100 4GB Benchmark result

Final words : "DT100 1GB still the best choice for maximum performance"

TCP/IP Fundamentals

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Thu, 22 Mar 2007 04:38:00 +0000

OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline

This seminar will present TCP/IP communications starting from Layer 2 up to Layer 4 (TCP/IP applications cover Layers 5-7)

IP Addresses
Data Link Layer
- Network Frames
- Address Resolution Protocol
Network Layer
- Internet Protocol
- IP Routing
- ICMP Error Reporting
Transport Layer
- User Datagram Protocol
- Transmission Control Protocol
Session through Application Layers
- Domain Name System
Final example tracing DNS transaction through a router

Definitions

Physical network - a collection of computers, communications devices, wiring, etc. that communicate directly with one another (e.g., Ethernet, Token Ring)
Host - A computer, connected to a physical network, that exchanges information with another computer via TCP/IP
Gateway - A computer that interconnects two or more physical networks and that routes TCP/IP information among those networks (accurately referred to as a router)

IP Addresses

IP addresses

are unique, 32-bit addresses
correspond to connections, not hosts (generally, move connection ==> change IP address)
are referenced by humans via dotted decimal (or dotted quad) notation, one number per 8 bits (1 octet or byte), e.g., 128.192.6.7
consist of three primary classes A, B, and C (class D is for multicast) of the form [netid,hostid]

Class formats

Subnet Mask (netmask)

32-bit value
Generally used to subdivide (subnet) a given IP class network into smaller (sub)networks
Netmask determines which portion of an IP address is the network address and which is the host address
- An IP address bit is a network address bit if the corresponding netmask bit is 1
- An IP address bit is a host address bit if the corresponding netmask bit is 0
"Natural netmask" has all netid bit locations = 1 and all hostid bit locations = 0
(e.g., 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0 for class A, B, and C networks, respectively)
Netmask example:

Netid and hostid conventions:

Network addresses have hostid with all bits = 0 (e.g., 128.192.0.0 with netmask=255.255.0.0 and 128.192.6.0 with netmask=255.255.255.0)
Directed broadcast addresses have hostid with all bits = 1 (e.g., 128.192.255.255 with netmask=255.255.0.0 and 128.192.54.255 with netmask=255.255.255.0)
"Limited" broadcast has all bits = 1 (e.g. 255.255.255.255)
Loopback address 127.xxx.yyy.zzz used for internal testing, no traffic generated (typically 127.0.0.1)

IP network ranges by class:

Class A ==> 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0
Class B ==> 128.xxx.0.0 - 191.xxx.0.0
Class C ==> 192.xxx.yyy.0 - 223.xxx.yyy.0
Class D ==> 224.xxx.yyy.zzz - 239.xxx.yyy.zzz (multicast IP)

Hosts with multiple IP addresses per interface and/or on multiple interfaces are called multi-homed hosts.

Data Link Layer

Network Frames

The basic unit of a physical network is a frame
General form of a network frame
Network frame formats
- Ethernet frames
  - Version 2 format
  - IEEE 802 format
- Token Ring frames
  - IEEE 802 format
Every physical network has a maximum frame size called the maximum transfer unit (MTU)
- Ethernet MTU - 1500 bytes
- Token Ring MTU - 4192 bytes
Some physical networks have a minimum frame size and must be padded (typically with bytes of "zeroes") to that size when the actual data size is smaller (Ethernet has a minimum frame size of 60 bytes)

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate physical network card addresses (MAC addresses) with IP addresses.
Encapsulation of ARP message in a physical frame
ARP message format
ARP process
1. ARP requestor sends a broadcast frame with the destination IP address, its source IP address and MAC address, asking for the destination MAC address.
2. Host with destination IP address sends a directed frame back to ARP requestor filling in its MAC address and storing the MAC address of the sender in an ARP table (or cache).
3. Optionally, all other hosts within the same broadcast domain add the sender's MAC and IP addresses to its ARP cache.
Ethernet example:

Source IP address = 128.192.6.7 (80 C0 06 07)
Source MAC address = 00 00 C0 8D 9C FB
Destination IP address = 128.192.6.193 (80 C0 06 C1)
Destination MAC address = 00 00 1D E5 A3 B9
1. ARP Request
2. ARP Response

ARP Table (or Cache)

To minimize broadcasts due to ARP requests, IP hosts and gateways store tables of MAC and IP addresses (called ARP tables or cashes)
Each entry in the cache contains (IP address, MAC address, Time to Live)

Sample ARP cache:

IP address	MAC address	TTL
128.192.6.111	00:00:C0:B8:A5:E3	155s
128.192.10.141	08:00:20:7C:7F:7E	246s
128.192.106.159	00:05:02:E6:48:41	626s
128.192.153.21	00:00:1B:16:F7:FF	332s
128.192.237.52	00:00:0C:4E:60:8F	185s
128.192.26.126	00:00:94:21:66:14	439s

The Time to Live (TTL) field has either a fixed or adjustable maximum (usually a workstation or router, respectively)
TTL is set to maximum when ARP request received, not set when communicating with another host
Tools to display ARP info (TTL usually not displayed):
- arp (Windows 9x/NT/2000)
- arp (Unix)

Proxy ARP

Some devices (such as routers) respond to ARP requests for IP addresses connected to other networks by providing their MAC address in an ARP reply
This behavior is called proxy (or promiscuous) ARP
Proxy ARP example:

Network Layer

Internet Protocol

The Internet Protocol (IP) is an:
- unreliable (delivery not guaranteed)
- connectionless (packets independent of one another)
- best-effort (attempt to deliver packets)
packet delivery mechanism
Basic unit is the datagram (up to 65,535 bytes)
Encapsulation of IP datagram in a physical frame
IP datagram format
Network MTU and fragmentation
- IP hosts send datagrams up to the MTU size of the physical network
- Routers *may* have to fragment datagrams if outbound MTU smaller than inbound frame size
  - Each fragment has the format of an IP datagram
  - Fragments reassembled at receiving host (may be inefficient)
  - Higher probability of retransmission --> losing one fragment loses entire datagram
IP Options
- Loose and strict source routing - used to route a datagram along a specific path
- Record route - used to trace a route
- Internet timestamp - used to record timestamps along the route

IP Routing

Both hosts and routers participate in routing
Direct routing - transmitting a datagram from one computer directly to another on same physical network
Indirect routing - destination host not on same network --> datagram sent to a router for delivery
Routing based on IP routing table of the form (netmask, net-address, next-hop)
Routing algorithm
1. Extract destination IP address ipdest from datagram
2. Starting at the beginning of the routing table (and for each entry)
  1. Calculate network portion of ipdest --> ipnet = AND(netmask, ipdest)
  2. If ipnet equals net-address, send datagram to next-hop
  3. If ipnet does not equal net-address, repeat steps a. and b. for next entry
  4. If no table entry matches, declare a routing error
Routing table order:
1. Directly connected networks (DCN)
2. Host-specific routes (HSR)
3. Net-specific routes (NSR)
4. Default route (DR)
Hosts have minimal routing tables (usually two entries - directly connected network and default route)
Network for host routing examples

Routing table for host H1

entry	netmask	net-address	next-hop	hop-count	(comments)
1	255.255.0.0	128.192.0.0	128.192.6.7	0	DCN
2	0.0.0.0	0.0.0.0	128.192.1.1	1	DR

Host routing example 1:

Datagram ipdest=128.192.254.100

Calculate network portion of ipdest using 1st routing table entry netmask:

       ipdest = 10000000 11000000 11111110 01100100 (128.192.254.100)       netmask = 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 (255.255.0.0) AND operation   -----------------------------------        ipnet  = 10000000 11000000 00000000 00000000 (128.192.0.0)

Compare ipnet and 1st routing table entry net-address

          128.192.0.0 equals 128.192.0.0

Since they match, send it to next-hop=128.192.6.7, i.e., communicate directly with destination host

Host routing example 2:

Datagram ipdest=131.144.4.10

Calculate network portion of ipdest using 1st routing table entry netmask:

       ipdest = 10000011 10010000 00000100 00001010 (131.144.4.10)       netmask = 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 (255.255.0.0) AND operation   -----------------------------------        ipnet  = 10000011 10010000 00000000 00000000 (131.144.0.0)

Compare ipnet with 1st routing table entry net-address

          128.192.0.0 does *not* equal 131.144.0.0

Since they don't match, calculate network portion of ipdest using 2nd routing table entry netmask:

       ipdest = 10000011 10010000 00000100 00001010 (131.144.4.10)       netmask = 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 (0.0.0.0) AND operation   -----------------------------------        ipnet  = 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 (0.0.0.0)

Compare ipnet with 2nd routing table entry net-address

          0.0.0.0 does equal 0.0.0.0

Since they match, send it to next-hop=128.192.1.1, i.e., the default gateway

Network for gateway routing examples

Routing table for gateway G1

entry	netmask	net-address	next-hop	hop-count	(comments)
1	255.255.255.0	128.192.6.0	128.192.6.250	0	DCN
2	255.255.255.0	128.192.7.0	128.192.7.250	0	DCN
3	255.255.255.0	128.192.150.0	128.192.150.250	0	DCN
4	255.255.255.0	128.192.232.0	128.192.232.250	0	DCN
5	255.255.255.255	131.144.4.10	128.192.232.2	1	HSR
6	255.255.0.0	168.15.0.0	128.192.232.2	2	NSR
7	0.0.0.0	0.0.0.0	128.192.232.2	1	DR

Gateway routing example 1:

Datagram ipdest=128.192.150.24
Find routing entry in table in which network portion of ipdest matches net-address and send datagram to corresponding next-hop

                        (netmask) entry    netmask  AND(128.192.150.24)  net-address    result -----    -------      --------------   -----------    ------   1    255.255.255.0  128.192.150.0    128.192.6.0    no match   2    255.255.255.0  128.192.150.0    128.192.7.0    no match   3    255.255.255.0  128.192.150.0    128.192.150.0  send directly

Gateway routing example 2:

Datagram ipdest=168.15.44.39
Find routing entry in table in which network portion of ipdest matches net-address and send datagram to corresponding next-hop

                         (netmask) entry    netmask    AND(168.15.44.39)   net-address   result -----    -------        ------------    -----------   ------     1    255.255.255.0    168.15.44.0    128.192.6.0    no match   2    255.255.255.0    168.15.44.0    128.192.7.0    no match   3    255.255.255.0    168.15.44.0    128.192.150.0  no match   4    255.255.255.0    168.15.44.0    128.192.232.0  no match   5    255.255.255.255  168.15.44.39   131.144.4.10   no match   6    255.255.0.0      168.15.0.0     168.15.0.0     send to 128.192.232.2

Gateway routing example 3:

Datagram ipdest=193.24.56.149
Find routing entry in table in which network portion of ipdest matches net-address and send datagram to corresponding next-hop

                          (netmask) entry    netmask    AND(193.24.56.149)  net-address    result -----    -------        --------------  -----------    ------    1    255.255.255.0    193.24.56.0     128.192.6.0    no match   2    255.255.255.0    193.24.56.0     128.192.7.0    no match   3    255.255.255.0    193.24.56.0     128.192.150.0  no match   4    255.255.255.0    193.24.56.0     128.192.232.0  no match   5    255.255.255.255  193.24.56.149   131.144.4.10   no match   6    255.255.0.0      193.24.0.0      168.15.0.0     no match   7    0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0        send to 128.192.232.2                                                        (default gateway)

Routing Update Protocols

Routing update protocols are used to modify the routing tables in gateways
Autonomous system - a collection of networks and gateways controlled by a single authority
Two general types of update protocols
- Interior gateway protocols - Used among gateways within an autonomous system
  - Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RIP2)
  - Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Exterior gateway protocols - Used by gateways connecting autonomous systems
  - Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
  - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
OSPF & RIP used at UGA
- Only Foundry core routers communicate via OSPF
- Foundry routers broadcast RIP sometimes (don't listen)
- RIP turned off all other routers
- Hosts can listen to RIP but must *NOT* broadcast RIP

ICMP Error Reporting

Since IP networks are inherently unreliable, need a mechanism for reporting IP datagram delivery problems
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) used to report errors
- ICMP *required* implementation of any TCP/IP software
- Usually initiated by gateways, but can also be initiated by hosts
- ICMP messages are sent back to source IP host, not gateways
- ICMP messages delivered just like IP datagrams
- Problems delivering ICMP messages do *not* generate additional ICMP messages
- ICMP does not specify how to handle errors
ICMP Message Encapsulation
ICMP Message Format
ICMP Echo Request/Reply - Used to test whether a destination is reachable and responding (e.g., used by packet internet groper or ping)
ICMP Destination Unreachable - Used by a gateway to indicate that it cannot route or deliver an IP datagram
ICMP Source Quench - Used by a gateway to indicate that it is congested, source slows down rate it sends datagrams
ICMP Redirect - Used by a gateway to tell a directly connected host that a more efficient gateway should be used for a specific IP address
ICMP Time Exceeded - Used by a gateway to indicate that a routing loop has occurred (sent when the IP TTL value reaches 0 or when segment reassembly time exceeded)

Transport Layer

TCP/IP applications utilize client/server technology to exchange information
- Some hosts can offer a number of TCP/IP services concurrently
- Some hosts can execute multiple client TCP/IP applications concurrently
- Some can execute both client and server applications
When TCP/IP client and server applications want to send data to one another, they need a method of transporting that data to the correct application
Protocol ports are used to determine which application receives the data
- positive 16-bit integers
- well-known ports assigned by central authority (range 1-2047)
- User-defined ports (range 2048 or greater)
- destination port - used to specify the application on the destination host to receive the data (usually one of the well-known port assignments)
- source port - used to specify where replies on the source host are to be sent (generated by the source host)
Two methods of transporting data
- Connectionless, unreliable delivery (User Datagram Protocol)
- Connection-oriented, reliable delivery (Transmission Control Protocol)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

UDP provides an unreliable, connectionless delivery
Application programs using UDP are responsible for message loss, duplication, delay, out-of-order delivery, and loss of connectivity
Examples of applications that use UDP transport include Network Time Protocol (NTP), Sun's Network File System (NFS), and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Each UDP message is called a user datagram
UDP Message Encapsulation
UDP Message Format
UDP messages are stored in queues on destination host, one queue per destination port

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP provides reliable, end-to-end data transmission with flow control
Examples of TCP applications include Telnet, FTP, WWW, POP, IMAP, etc.
Basic features of TCP transmission:
- Streamed Data - Data from sender to receiver organized as a stream of bits divided into 8-bit bytes (data streams have no TCP imposed structure)
- Connection Oriented
  - Client host "calls" server host at a specific destination port
  - If receiver accepts call, a connection is established between the corresponding client and server applications
  - Information is transferred bi-directionally
  - Connection is closed ("call terminated") when client or server application finished or when certain communications errors detected
- Buffered Transfer - Applications send bytes to TCP software that delivers the stream of bytes in exactly the order sent (not necessarily grouped the same way)
- Full-duplex Transmission - Both hosts can send and receive data and control information independently
The unit of transfer in TCP is called a segment
TCP Segment Encapsulation
TCP Segment Format
Connection defined by the pair of numbers (source IP, source port) and (dest IP, dest port)
Different connections can use the same destination port on server host as long as the source ports or source IPs are different
TCP breaks data stream into segments
Sequence numbers used to place received segment data in the correct order
- Initial sequence number (ISN) marks the beginning of data stream
- ISN is random and negotiated when connection is established
Acknowledgement numbers tell sender that receiver expects *next* segment
When a segment is sent, a timer is started; if an ACK has not been received when the timer expires, the segment is resent
Sliding windows are used to transmit data stream efficiently and for flow control
All segments within the window are sent without waiting for acknowledgement (efficient transmission)
Window slides as acknowledgements received
Receiver sends acceptable window size to sender during each segment transmission (flow control)
- if too much data being sent, acceptable window size is reduced
- if more data can be handled, acceptable window size is increased
Actually four windows used, i.e., send and receive windows in both directions (full-duplex)
A TCP connection is established using a "three-way handshake"
A TCP connection is closed using a "modified three-way handshake"
A TCP connection is aborted via a connection reset (RST bit set in the CODE field)

Session through Application Layers

Domain Name System (DNS)

For human beings wanting to access Internet resources, names are much easier to remember than IP addresses
The Domain Name System (DNS) was created to provide a mapping between names for Internet resources and their associated IP addresses
Characteristics of DNS:
- Hierarchical naming scheme
- Delegation of authority for names
- Distributed databases of name to IP address (and IP to name) mappings
Each name authority must operate at least two DNS database servers (name servers) for their authorized domain
Every TCP/IP implementation has a software routine called the name resolver (NR) to request a DNS lookup from a name server (NS)
Two types of name resolution:
- Recursive resolution - NR asks NS to resolve names for which it does not have an authoritative answer by querying other name servers (predominant method)
- Iterative resolution - NR asks NS to provide the IP address of a NS that can provide an authoritative answer
Typical name resolution process:
1. NR receives a domain name from client TCP/IP application, formulates a DNS query and sends it to the first NS in its list
2. NS determines if it is the authority for the domain name
3. If so, it looks up the answer and sends an authoritative response back to client's NR
4. If not, it (typically) queries other name servers for an authoritative response, sends a non-authoritative response to the client's NR and caches the response in case it receives a NR request for the same name
5. The NR passes the response back to the application program and caches it for a period of time
6. If the NR does not received a response from the NS in a specified period of time, it sends the query to the next NS in its list

DNS message format:

Pointer queries

Some TCP/IP server programs are configured to verify that an IP address has a corresponding domain name
IP address to domain name mapping is performed though a pointer query
For a given IP address of the form www.xxx.yyy.zzz, the format for a pointer query is:

zzz.yyy.xxx.www.in-addr.arpa
NR sends the query (with a type of PTR) to name server
If it the authoritative NS for that IP address, it returns the corresponding domain name
If not, it queries a root NS for the authoritative NS, queries that NS, and returns the response to the NR

Domain suffix lists

Some name resolvers append a suffix name to the domain name from a domain suffix list before formulating a DNS query
A example of a domain suffix list is:

.ucns.uga.edu
.dev.uga.edu
.uga.edu
null
Some NRs automatically add domain suffixes one at a time to *all* domain names
Specifying a period (.) at the end of a domain name usually stops the NR from adding suffixes

Final Example

Establishing an FTP session between FTP client dmm.ucns.uga.edu (128.192.6.7) and FTP server ftp.uga.edu (128.192.252.5)
Network topology:
Process of establishing FTP session:
1. FTP client program sends domain name ftp.uga.edu to the name resolver (NR)
2. NR first looks in its DNS cache to see if it has an IP address for ftp.uga.edu
3. If so, NR passes the IP address back to the FTP client program
4. If not, NR sends a DNS query to the first name server in its list
  1. NR formulates a DNS query asking for an address record (A) for the domain name ftp.uga.edu with an Internet class (hex 01)
  2. NR passes DNS query to UDP module along with NS IP address (128.192.1.9)
  3. UDP module places UDP header around data with destination protocol port of 53 (domain name service), passing UDP datagram to IP module along with NS IP address
  4. IP module places IP header around UDP datagram with PROTOCOL field set to UDP, determines whether to directly deliver datagram or forward to a router (direct in this case), and passes the IP datagram and appropriate IP delivery address (128.192.1.9) to data link (DL) module
  5. DL module checks its ARP cache for a MAC address corresponding to the delivery IP address
  6. If found, DL module places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (0010FFD638A2) from ARP cache and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer to the router
  7. If not found, DL module issues an ARP request and router supplies its MAC address since it is performing proxy ARP functions
  8. When ARP response is received, DL module places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (0010FFD638A2) from ARP response and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer to the router
5. Router receives frame and forwards to destination network
  1. DL handler of router receives a frame with an IP Ethernet type, removes frame, and passes IP datagram to IP routing module
  2. IP routing module determines best route (direct on interface 128.192.1.250) and passes IP datagram (after decrementing TTL) to DL module along with IP delivery address (128.192.1.9)
  3. DL module checks its ARP cache for a MAC address corresponding to the delivery IP address
  4. If found, DL module places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (02608C2E8780) from ARP cache and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer
  5. If not found, DL module issues an ARP request and when ARP response is received, DL module places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (02608C2E8780) from ARP response and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer
6. Name server looks up DNS query and sends a DNS response
  1. DL handler of name server receives a frame with an IP Ethernet type, removes frame, and forwards the IP datagram to its IP module
  2. IP module sees UDP in PROTOCOL field, removes the IP header, and passes the datagram to the UDP module
  3. UDP module looks at destination port number (53) and places data in the DNS port queue
  4. Name server program (BIND on Unix) reads DNS query from queue, looks up answer in its database, builds the DNS response (two in Answer section -- one CNAME [ftp.uga.edu=cousteau.uga.edu], one A record [cousteau.uga.edu=128.192.252.5]; three in Authority section -- one for each name server [dns1.uga.edu, dns2.uga.edu, dns3.uga.edu]; and three in Additional Info section -- one A record for each name server [dns1.uga.edu=128.192.1.9, dns2.uga.edu=128.192.1.193, dns3.uga.edu=168.24.242.249]), and forwards response along with client IP address (128.192.6.7) and source and destination ports (reversed) to UDP module
  5. UDP module places UDP header around DNS response and forwards UDP datagram to IP module along with client IP address
  6. IP module places IP header around UDP datagram with PROTOCOL field set to UDP, determines whether to directly deliver datagram or forward to a router (router in this case), and passes the IP datagram and appropriate IP delivery address (128.192.1.250) to data link (DL) module
  7. DL module checks its ARP cache for a MAC address corresponding to the delivery IP address (which should already be in cache from previous ARP request) and places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (0010FFD63860) from ARP cache and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer to the router
7. Router receives frame and forwards to destination network
  1. DL handler of router receives a frame with an IP Ethernet type, removes frame, and passes IP datagram to IP routing module
  2. IP routing module determines best route (direct on interface 128.192.6.250) and passes IP datagram (after decrementing TTL) to DL module along with IP delivery address (128.192.6.7)
  3. DL module checks its ARP cache for a MAC address corresponding to the delivery IP address
  4. If found, DL module places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (0000C0EC2E25) from ARP cache and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer
  5. If not found, DL module issues an ARP request and when ARP response is received, DL module places an Ethernet frame around IP datagram with destination MAC address (0000C0EC2E25) from ARP response and an IP Ethernet type (hex 0800) and queues the frame for delivery via the physical layer
8. Client host processes frame containing DNS response
  1. DL handler of client host receives a frame with an IP Ethernet type, removes frame, and forwards the IP datagram to its IP module
  2. IP module sees UDP in PROTOCOL field, removes the IP header, and passes the datagram to the UDP module
  3. UDP module looks at source and destination port numbers and passes data to name resolver (NR)
  4. NR caches DNS response (domain name and IP address pair) and passes that information back to FTP client program
9. Client FTP program initiates three-way handshake to establish FTP session with destination host

Hacking WinXP (The Best Way)

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Sun, 11 Mar 2007 22:11:00 +0000

Here the best to get "administrator privilages" on windows XP, founded from THE CODE PROJECT articles by haitham hamed housin.

1-Introduction

This article introduce very simple way to get Administrator like account and do the job and after finish recover your way, after that Get Admin Password later in your home by Cracking, After get the Admin Password Create a hidden user account and do all your jobs free, and Explain how to make a USB Storage Device Bootable corresponding to any system boot, and how to bypass Mother Board password by Default Passwords, and how to extract it if you are in the system

2-To Hackers / Security Systems Engineers

First All must know that both Hackers / Security Systems Engineers Are 2 faces to the same coin Any way, I try this on Windows XP SP2 I want all to try it on Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista Any Windows NT and POST a Message to make all know what versions exactly this idea can apply for

3-Close Look to hole

Microsoft stores all Security Information in many files but the main file is the SAM file (Security Accounts Manager)! this file contain critical information about users account you can explore the folder
$windir$\system32\config
You will find all things and may discover some thing new, but what amazing here is that the file is available, so we can apply our idea

You will Not be able To copy them Under XP

4-Dose Microsoft Know and Why!?

Yes Microsoft Know all things, and done on purpose why? I always for many years ask my self why Microsoft doesn’t do real security on their systems from the CD setup to all security aspects In the system, I found(my opinion may wrong)that they need to achieve 2 strategic things

1-They need their software spread and all depend on it and in one day when they feel that they are the One The security will done and all money will go to One Pocket

2-They Forced/Like to Make Some Organizations Hack other systems

Proof:
They can make this File SAM Unavailable by storing the information in FAT, FAT32, NTFS Areas (Sectors reserved by The Operating SYSTEM to Store the Addresses of the files on the HardDisk File Allocation Table) So that it is hard to extract. But they don't!!!!!

5-Understand the Idea

The Idea is simple I will explain it manually and it can then be programmed it is so easy here is the idea

The SAM file is available and the SAM file contain a Security Information, so I created a Free Windows XP SP2 Logon account (Administrator Account without password) that means when windows Lunch it Will enter directly to the system without asking about any password And windows will store this Account in The SAM file on My PC So the SAM file on My PC contain an Account will Make you enter Directly to the Windows, so I will take My SAM File and Replace (by renaming, we will need the original file to recover our way) It with the other SAM File in The Other System or Machine So When you restart It will make you enter directly to the Windows With Administrator Like Account ,do what you need and then back all things to the previous state. All These Steps will be under other system bootable DOS, Knoppiex, Windows Live CD, Because Windows XP will not make u able to copy the Files

6-Get Admin Like Account (The Simple Way)

1- Download My 2 SAM files I Include them in Downloads
2- Go to the target Machine , and try to Access it and Boot from any device CD-ROM, Floppy, NIC if it haven't any of those Read Hint 9
3- After Get Access to the Boot Command prompt c:> or Boot Live OS CD, Go to the windows folder $windir$\system32\config And Copy the SAM File and System File (we will need it later) To other folder, Then go to $windir$\repair copy SAM file
And then Rename the 2 SAM Files to SAM1 in their original places
4- Copy My SAM/config File and Paste it in the windows folder $windir$\system32\config Copy My SAM/Repair File and Paste it in the windows folder $windir$\repair (may this step not required)
5- Reboot and Make windows enter Normally
6- Yeah, No You are in The System
7- Copy the files in step 3 to Floppy Disk or Flash Stick Or Send it to your mail via Internet
8- After finish repeat step 2 and delete My SAM files and Rename Both SAM1 to SAM
9- Reboot , Congratulation you recover your way

7-Crack the SAM-Know the real Admin Password and Apply Hint 8

There is many ways I will introduce 2 ways and explain 1 After you get the SAM File and System File there are Programs That extract the Accounts and their passwords, depending on the idea of cracking the HASH (the HASH is one way encryption method) so that The program will generate random passwords and convert them to HASH and then compare it with the HASHES in the SAM File , so it may take a long time but for fast you will pay more money for ready made HASHES with their user names and passwords the 2 program are

1-L0phtcrack v4.0 (LC4 alternate name) the most famous on the NET
2-SAMInside http://www.insidepro.com/I include on the Downloads

I will explain fast SAMInside

This is the main window press Ctrl+O or by mouse click Import SAM and SYSTEM

Window will open to import the 2 files and the program will start to crack the Accounts and get them, and then display users names and their passwords

Any other tool will do the job try all and select your best I Explain here SAMInside because he give me results with 6 character only password and get it FAST

8-Creat a Hidden User Accountn

Windows NT / Windows 2000 and Windows XP has a security setting to hide accounts from the Logon Screen/Control panel users accounts

Press
Ctrl+Alt+Delet
Give you another Access Dialog

Steps:

1-After getting Admin Password enter to the system
2-create an Account with password
3-click start - > Run - > type Regedit press Enter
4-Go to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\ CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList

5- Create a new DWORD Value on the UserList
6-Name it with Name of Account to be Hidden
7-set the Value Data of this DWORD Value to 0 to hide it /1 to appear it
8- close Regedit and Reboot
9- Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete when logon Screen Appear another login dialog appear type You hidden user name and password and press Enter

Note:

1- the account profile will be visible in \Documents and Settings, But it will be hidden from Logon Screen and User Account in the control panel

2-there is other method that Inject your Account directly to the Admin SAM without know the Admin Pass, but believe me you don't Expect the result, so if you want try it (if the password hard to get)

9-USB Boot for FAT32, NTFS or any File System

HP Always amazing me to do this we need 2 tools

1- HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool v 2.0.6 I include in Downloads If u want to find more go to http://www.hp.com/
2- NTFSDOS Professional Boot Disk Wizard I include in Downloads If u want to find more go to http://www.winternals.com/

Just connect your USB Storage
steps:
1- Prepare a Startup Disk or Startup CD , Or any Equivalent
2- In the HP tool select the Device->your USB Storage
3- Select File System FAT or FAT32
4- Check "create a DOS startup disk" checkbox and then select option "using DOS System Files Located at"
5- brows your location
6- Click Start
7- Now you have a Bootable USB Storage Device
8- Now in the NTFSDOS Professional Boot Disk Wizard follow the wizard and you will get a NTFS bootable USB Storage

Why we need NTFS ?
If the Partition of the Windows System is NTFS so with normal Startup you will not be able to access any files because the File System is not Recognized by MS-DOS when we install NTFSDOS Professional on the bootable disk it will allow you To Access any File Under NTFS

Note:
Make sure that the option in Mother board Setup of First Boot "USB-Hard Disk" if you want to boot from a USB

10-Mother Boards Default Passwords and how to extract it if you are in The system

This subject is huge I try to find simple or clever way but as u know many PC's many machines many bios versions and updates so I search the net for the best and I list below ,but if this doesn’t help I recommend you to find the bios version and the motherboard and search the net on Google, yahoo, yahoo groups and other you will find some thing help u

HOW TO BYPASS BIOS PASSWORDS
http://www.elfqrin.com/docs/biospw.html

Removing a Bios - CMOS Password
http://www.dewassoc.com/support/bios/bios_password.htm

How to Bypass BIOS Passwords
http://www.uktsupport.co.uk/reference/biosp.htm

How to Bypass BIOS Passwords
http://www.i-hacked.com/content/view/36/70/

Default Password List
2006-04-30
http://www.phenoelit.de/dpl/dpl.html

Award BIOS backdoor passwords:
ALFAROME--------BIOSTAR--------KDD--------ZAAADA-------- ALLy--------CONCAT--------Lkwpeter--------ZBAAACA-------- aLLy-------- CONDO--------LKWPETER--------ZJAAADC-------- aLLY--------Condo--------PINT--------01322222-------- ALLY--------d8on--------pint--------589589-------- aPAf--------djonet--------SER--------589721-------- _award--------HLT--------SKY_FOX--------595595-------- AWARD_SW--------J64--------SYXZ--------598598 AWARD?SW--------J256--------syxz-------- AWARD SW--------J262--------shift + syxz-------- AWARD PW--------j332--------TTPTHA-------- AWKWARD--------j322-------- awkward

AMI BIOS Backdoor Passwords:
AMI--------BIOS--------PASSWORD--------HEWITT RAND-------- AMI?SW--------AMI_SW--------LKWPETER--------CONDO

Phoenix BIOS Backdoor Passwords: phoenix--------PHOENIX--------CMOS--------BIOS

Misc. Common Passwords
ALFAROME--------BIOSTAR--------biostar--------biosstar-------- CMOS--------cmos--------LKWPETER--------lkwpeter-------- setup--------SETUP--------Syxz--------Wodj
Other BIOS Passwords by Manufacturer
Manufacturer--------Password
VOBIS & IBM-------- merlin
Dell--------Dell
Biostar-------- Biostar
Compaq--------Compaq
Enox--------xo11nE
Epox--------central
Freetech--------Posterie
IWill--------iwill
Jetway--------spooml
Packard Bell--------bell9
QDI--------QDI
Siemens--------SKY_FOX
TMC--------BIGO
Toshiba--------Toshiba
Toshiba--------BIOS

Most Toshiba laptops
and some desktop systems will bypass the BIOS password if the left shift key is held down during boot
IBM Aptiva BIOS
Press both mouse buttons repeatedly during the boot

Thanks To ALLAH

Get Paid for read

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Fri, 23 Feb 2007 21:45:00 +0000

GET PAID TO READ

TIPS & TRICKS

* I think is better to use the same email to sign for your GPTR programs, to get a better control. If you need a new one click here

* If you want to use your email programs (outlook express,incredimail,etc)you can create a new rule (It could be assign a particular color to emails coming from the email you choose for GPTR programs) , so you know wich are the emails that make you earn :).

*When you click on the link, you will be prompt to write your email, then you'll receive a new email, where you'll find a link, click on it (is to confferm your email address, then you'll get a page where you must fill with your name, mail address,please be sure you fill it correctly because is important for payments) .

*Create a new folder maybe called "email programs"or the name you prefer, and put on it all your conffirmation emails. As well will be great to open your note pad, and save all your "referral links" (that's the link you must to promote, to grow your downline and it will be usefull if you want to create a page to promote all your programs, then will be easy to find them.

*To earn money reading email, just search a special link like

Resource A Day

Cash Read

Have a try. Remember more than a million people use Internet every promotion hav a chance.!!!

Good Luck.!!!

FireFox2 "Fast and Secure"

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Wed, 21 Feb 2007 19:29:00 +0000

The award-winning Web browser is now faster, more secure, and fully customizable to your online life. With Firefox 2, we’ve added powerful new features that make your online experience even better.

Enjoy a Better Web Experience

Improved Tabbed Browsing
Spell Checking
Search Suggestions
Session Restore
Web Feeds (RSS)
Live Titles
Integrated Search
Live Bookmarks
Pop-up Blocker
Streamlined Interface
Accessibility

Stay Secure on the Web

Phishing Protection
Open Source, More Secure
Automated Update
Protection from Spyware
Clear Private Data

Personalize Your Browser

An Add-on for Everyone
Add-ons Manager for Extensions and Themes
Search Engine Manager

Yes its Some Reason why many people use Firefox to be their Favorite Browser..., Light, Fast, and Secure... i thinks its my own reason.

Get the Latest FF2 with Enchanted Google Toolbar. "Usefull not useless like the others"

GeForce 7300GT Extreme vs Radeon X1300XT

noreply@blogger.com (Armadia) — Tue, 20 Feb 2007 23:43:00 +0000

Manufacturer:	nVidia	ATi
Series:	GeForce 7	Radeon X1K
GPU:	G73	RV530
Release Date:	2006-05-15	2006-08-12
Interface:	PCI-E x16	PCI-E x16
Core Clock:	520 MHz	585 MHz
Memory Clock:	700 MHz (1400 DDR)	690 MHz (1380 DDR)
Memory Bandwidth:	22.4 GB/sec	22.1 GB/sec
Shader Operations:	4160 Operations/sec	7020 Operations/sec
Pixel Fill Rate:	2080 MPixels/sec	2340 MPixels/sec
Texture Fill Rate:	4160 MTexels/sec	2340 MTexels/sec
Vertex Operations:	650 MVertices/sec	731.25 MVertices/sec

Base on the data specification above we can see that HIS X1300XT is the Winner of 4 Categories, and the highlighted point here is the SHADER OPERATION of X1300XT is mostly Twice better than 7300GT... means that Theoritically X1300XT provide much better reallistic shading and lightning effect than 7300GT. But there is just Theoritical Opinion, how about the real experience? Lets share with me...
*Last Word is "Safe your Money, dont buy the brand, just performance, and enjoy it". Winfast GF7300GT Extreme 128DDR3 is the best choice for Vallues Performance.

Armadia Notes

Why Business Owners Are Heading Back to Campus

New Peterpan - cuplikan album baru yg segera launching

Ngajarin si kecil berenang :)

Lama ga posting

FASTA Q Series

UFD KINGSTON DT100

TCP/IP Fundamentals

Definitions

IP Addresses

IP addresses

Class formats

Subnet Mask (netmask)

Netid and hostid conventions:

IP network ranges by class:

Data Link Layer

Network Frames

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

ARP Table (or Cache)

Proxy ARP

Network Layer

Internet Protocol

IP Routing

Routing Update Protocols

ICMP Error Reporting

Transport Layer

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Session through Application Layers

Domain Name System (DNS)

Final Example

Hacking WinXP (The Best Way)

1-Introduction

2-To Hackers / Security Systems Engineers

3-Close Look to hole

4-Dose Microsoft Know and Why!?

5-Understand the Idea

6-Get Admin Like Account (The Simple Way)

7-Crack the SAM-Know the real Admin Password and Apply Hint 8

8-Creat a Hidden User Accountn

9-USB Boot for FAT32, NTFS or any File System

10-Mother Boards Default Passwords and how to extract it if you are in The system

Thanks To ALLAH

Get Paid for read

GET PAID TO READ

FireFox2 "Fast and Secure"

Enjoy a Better Web Experience

Improved Tabbed Browsing

Spell Checking

Search Suggestions

Session Restore

Web Feeds (RSS)

Live Titles

Integrated Search

Live Bookmarks

Pop-up Blocker

Streamlined Interface

Accessibility

Stay Secure on the Web

Phishing Protection

Open Source, More Secure

Automated Update

Protection from Spyware

Clear Private Data

Personalize Your Browser

An Add-on for Everyone

Add-ons Manager for Extensions and Themes

Search Engine Manager

GeForce 7300GT Extreme vs Radeon X1300XT