Tutorials

USER DEFINED DATA TYPES

2014-05-01T05:51:00.001-07:00

C++ allows us to define our own types based on other existing data types. In order to do that we shall use keyword typedef, whose form is:

typedefexisting_typenew_type_name ;

whereexisting_type is a C++ fundamental or any other defined type and new_type_name is the name that the new type we are going to define will receive. For example:

typedef char C;
typedef unsigned int WORD;
typedef char * string_t;
typedef char field [50];

In this case we have defined four new data types: C, WORD, string_t and field as char, unsigned int, char* and char[50] respectively, that we could perfectly use later as valid types:

C achar, anotherchar, *ptchar1;
WORD myword;
string_t ptchar2;
field name;

typedef can be useful to define a type that is repeatedly used within a program and it is possible that we will need to change it in a later version, or if a type you want to use has too long a name and you want it to be shorter.

Unions allow a portion of memory to be accessed as different data types, since all of them are in fact the same location in memory. Its declaration and use is similar to the one of structures but its functionality is totally different:
unionmodel_name {
type1 element1;
type2 element2;
type3 element3;
.
.
} object_name;
All the elements of the union declaration occupy the same space of memory. Its size is the one of the greatest element of the declaration. For example:
unionmytypes_t {
char c;
inti;
float f;
} mytypes;
defines three elements:
mytypes.c
mytypes.i
mytypes.f
each one of a different data type. Since all of them are referring to a same location in memory, the modification of one of the elements will afect the value of all of them.
One of the uses a union may have is to unite an elementary type with an array or structures of smaller elements. For example,

unionmix_t{
long l;
struct {
short hi;
short lo;
} s;
char c[4];
} mix;

Data Types in C++

2014-04-27T23:52:00.002-07:00

While doing programming in any computer programming language, we need to use various variables in order to store various data. Variables are nothing butspecially reserved memory locations which stores differentvalues. It means that when we create a variable we actually reserve some space in memory.

We may even like to store information of various data types like character, Boolean, wide character, floating point, integer, double floating point etc. It is based on the data type of a specific variable, the operating system allocates specified memory and decides on what can be stored in that reserved memory.

Here is the list of data types used in C++ language programming along with their range and Bit Width

Type	Typical Range	Typical Bit Width
char	-127 to 127 or 0 to 255	1byte
unsigned char	0 to 255	1byte
signed char	-127 to 127	1byte
int	-2147483648 to 2147483647	4bytes
unsigned int	0 to 4294967295	4bytes
signed int	-2147483648 to 2147483647	4bytes
short int	-32768 to 32767	2bytes
unsigned short int	0 to 65,535	Range
signed short int	-32768 to 32767	Range
long int	-2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647	4bytes
signed long int	same as long int	4bytes
unsigned long int	0 to 4,294,967,295	4bytes
float	+/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 digits)	4bytes
double	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits)	8bytes
long double	+/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits)	8bytes
wchar_t	1 wide character	2 or 4 bytes

STRUCTURE OF C++ LANGUAGE PROGRAM

2014-04-26T05:33:00.000-07:00

The best way to under the structure of a program is by using an small and simple example.

Input:

// first program in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}

Output:

Hello World!

Lets study each step in detail:

// my first program in C++

All lines beginning with two slash signs (//) are considered comments and do not have any effect on the behavior of the program

#include <iostream>

Hash sign (#) are directives for the preprocessor. The directive #include <iostream> tells the preprocessor to include the iostream standard file.
using namespace std; It uses the standard library, and in fact it will be included in most of the source codes.

int main () This line corresponds to the beginning of the definition of the main function. The main function is the pointby where all C++ programs start their execution

cout << "Hello World!";
cout represents the standard output stream in C++

return 0;
The return statement causes the main function to finish.

C++ LANGUAGE: INTRODUCTION

2014-04-25T04:06:00.004-07:00

C++ is a general purpose language used for programming that is free-form as well as compiled. C++ is regarded as intermediate level language that is it comprises of both, high-level as well as low-level language features. It provides object oriented, imperative and generic programming features in its programs.

C++ is also standardized by quality check organization the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). C++ was initiated in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup working at Bell Labs. Originally it was named as "C with Classes" but in the year 1983, it was renamed to C++ due to its object oriented programming which was an enhancement to C language programming and hence the increment operator was added to C and it became C++ (pronounced as see plus plus).
Philosophies for developing C++:

• It should be driven by actual problems and the features should be useful immediately in real world programs.
• Every feature should be easily implementable.
• Programmers should be completely free to pick their own program style and that style should be supported by C++.
• Allowing useful feature is of utmost importance rather than preventing possible misuse of C++.
• Making user created types should have equal support and performance as that of built in types.
• Any features which you do not use, you never pay for.
• No language beneath C++

IMPORTATNT PROGRAMS OF C LANGUAGE

2014-04-24T04:44:00.003-07:00

C language programming is considered to be the basic s of any programming language. so any developer or programmer is assumed to know some basic of C language programming. When we face any interview, the chances are quite high that the interviewer will ask some basic programs of C language because apart from programming skills, it also checks the problem solving skills of an individual.

So here are few important C language programs which are frequently asked in many interviews.

1. FIBONACCI SERIES

/* Fibonacci Series in C language */

#include<stdio.h> /* header file */

int main() /*initiate program*/
{
int n, first = 0, second = 1, next, c;

printf("Enter the number of terms\n");
scanf("%d",&n); /*input number*/

printf("First %d terms of Fibonacci series are :-\n",n);

for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ ) /*initiate loop*/
{
if ( c <= 1 )
next = c;
else
{
next = first + second;
first = second;
second = next;
}
printf("%d\n",next);
}

return 0; /*display output*/
}

2. PALINDROME

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char a[100], b[100];

printf("Enter the string to check if it is a palindrome\n");
gets(a);

strcpy(b,a);
strrev(b);

if( strcmp(a,b) == 0 )
printf("Entered string is a palindrome.\n");
else
printf("Entered string is not a palindrome.\n");

return 0;
}

3. ARMSTRONG NUMBER

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int number, sum = 0, temp, remainder;

printf("Enter an integer\n");
scanf("%d",&number);

temp = number;

while( temp != 0 )
{
remainder = temp%10;
sum = sum + remainder*remainder*remainder;
temp = temp/10;
}

if ( number == sum )
printf("Entered number is an armstrong number.\n");
else
printf("Entered number is not an armstrong number.\n");

return 0;
}

4. FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int c, n, fact = 1;

printf("Enter a number to calculate it's factorial\n");
scanf("%d", &n);

for (c = 1; c <= n; c++)
fact = fact * c;

printf("Factorial of %d = %d\n", n, fact);

return 0;
}

5. PRIME NUMBER OF A NUMBER

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int n, i = 3, count, c;

printf("Enter the number of prime numbers required\n");
scanf("%d",&n);

if ( n >= 1 )
{
printf("First %d prime numbers are :\n",n);
printf("2\n");
}

for ( count = 2 ; count <= n ; )
{
for ( c = 2 ; c <= i - 1 ; c++ )
{
if ( i%c == 0 )
break;
}
if ( c == i )
{
printf("%d\n",i);
count++;
}
i++;
}

return 0;
}

HEADERS IN C LANGUAGE

2014-04-23T00:22:00.001-07:00

A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions and to be shared between many several source files. There are two kinds of header files: the files that the programmer writes and the files that come with your compiler.
You request the use of a header file in your program by including it, with the C preprocessing directive #include like you must have seen inclusion of stdio.h header file as wll which comes along with the compiler.

Including a header file is equivalent to copying of the content of the header file but we do not do it because it will be very much error-prone and it is not a good idea to copy the content of header file into the source files, especially if there are multiple source file comprising our program.
In a simple practice program in C language, the place where we keep all the macros, constants, system wide global variables and function prototypes in the header files and include that header file wherever it is required.

SYNTAX:

Both user and system header files are included using the preprocessing directive #include. It has following two forms:

#include <abc>
This form of header is used in system header files. In this, it searches for a file named "abc" in a standard list of system directories. You can prepend directories to this list with the -I option while compiling your source code.

#include "abc"
This form of header file is used in your own programs .In this header, it searches for a file named abc in the directory containing the current file. You can also prepend directories to this list with the -I option while compiling your source code.

SCOPE OF VARIABLE IN C LANGUAGE

2014-04-21T22:47:00.003-07:00

SCOPE: A scope in any programming language is the region of that program where this defined variables can have their own existence and beyond this scope of a particular variable, that variable can't be accessed.
What is Local Variable?
Variable whose existence is known only to the main program or functions are called local variables. Local variables are declared within the main program or a function.
Syntax
auto data_type identifier

What is The Scope of Local Variables?
Local variables have a scope inside the function it is declared and not outside it.

What is Lifetime?
The time period for which a variable exists in the memory is known as lifetime of variable.

What is Lifetime of Local Variable?
Lifetime of a local variables starts the moment when programmer enters the function inside which the variable is declared and gets destroyed when programmer exists from the function.

What is Global Variable?
Variables whose existence is known to the both main() as well as other functions are called global variables. Global variables are declared outside the main() and other functions.
What is The Scope of Global Variable?
Global variables as the name says can be accessed from any part of a program and can be used in multiple functions. for this, the variables are defined before the "main" function

What is The Lifetime of Global Variable?
Global variables are bound to exist in the memory for as long as the program is in running state. These variables get are destroyed as soon as the program terminates. These variables occupy memory for a longer duration in comparison with than local variables.

INPUT/OUTPUT FILES IN C LANUGAGE

2014-04-21T03:20:00.001-07:00

In C programming, when the program is closed, all the data and results are lost. In order to keep that enormous amount of data safe from getting deleted and used for future purpose, we need to form files to save those data into secondary memory. For these, different commands were needed to solve our purpose of creating, editing and closing of a file.
There are a lot of functions in C language for handling of input and output of a file. Here we’ll show you some of important commands for you to increase your understanding with C language programming.
High level file I/O functions can be divided into 2 categories as:
1. Text file
2. Binary file
File Operations

1. Create a new file
2. Open an existing file
3. Read from and write information to a file
4. Close a file
Working with file
To working with a file, we need to declare pointer of that type of file. This declaration is required to communicate between a file and a program.
FILE *ptr;
Opening a file
In C language, a file is opened using a library function fopen().
The syntax used for opening a file in standard I/O is:
ptr=fopen("fileopen","mode")

For Example:
fopen("E:\\cprog\file.txt","w");

Here, E:\\cprog\file.txt is the location where file is to be created while "w" represents the mode for writing.
Here, the program.txt file is opened for writing mode.

File Mode	Meaning of Mode	During Inexistence of that file
r	Open for reading	fopen() returns NULL
w	Open for writing	File will be created
a	Open for edit/append	File will be created
r+	Open for both reading and writing	fopen() returns NULL
w+	Open for both reading and writing	File will be created
a+	Open for both reading and appending	File will be created

Close a File
A file is to be closed after reading or writing of a file. To close a file, a library function fclose() is used.
fclose(ptr);
Here, ptr is a file pointer which is used to associate the program with the file to be closed.

The Functions fprintf() and fscanf()
The functions of fprintf() and fscanf() is same as that of printf() and scanf(). The difference lies between them is that fprintf() and fscanf() are used to refer to a particular file.
Writing to a file
Here is an example of writing a file:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
FILE *fptr;
fptr=fopen("C:\\prog.txt","w");
if(fptr==NULL)
{
printf("Error!");
exit(1);
}
printf("Enter n: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
fprintf(fptr,"%d",n);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}
In this program it takes a number from user and stores it into a file. After the program is compile and run, we will see can a text file prog.txt created in C drive of our computer. When we will open that file, we’ll see the integer we entered.
Similarly, fscanf() function is used to read data from a file.
Reading from file
Example of file reading

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
FILE *fptr;
if ((fptr=fopen("C:\\program.txt","r"))==NULL)
{
printf("Error! opening file");
exit(1);
}
fscanf(fptr,"%d",&n);
printf("Value of n=%d",n);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}
If you have run program above to write in file successfully, you can get the integer back entered in that program using this program.
Other functions like fgetchar(), fputc() etc. can be used in similar way.

POINTERS IN C LANGUAGE

2014-04-18T02:14:00.003-07:00

Pointers, as the name says points towards a memory location. This not only gives great flexibility and power to programmers in creating a program, but it also one of the great hurdles that the beginner must overcome in using the language.
All variables in a program will reside in memory; the statements
float x;
x = 6.5;
request that the compiler reserve 4 bytes of memory (on a 32-bit computer) for the floating-point variable x, then put the ``value'' 6.5 in it.
There are times when we wish to know that where a variable resides in the memory. The address (location in memory) of any variable is obtained by placing the operator ``&'' before its name. Hence address of x is &x. C programming allow us to go a step further and defines a variable better known as a pointer, which contains the address of other variables. This can be seen in following example:
float x;
float* px;

x = 6.5;
px = &x;
defines px to be a pointer objects of type float and it sets equal to the address of x:

Pointer use for a variable

The content of the memory location referenced by a pointer is obtained using the ``*'' operator (this is called dereferencing the pointer). Thus, *px refers to the value of x.

C allows us to perform arithmetic operations using pointers, but beware that the ``unit'' in pointer arithmetic is the size (in bytes) of the object to which the pointer points. Let’s take an example, if px is a pointer to a variable x of typefloat, then the expression px + 1 refers not to the next bit or byte in memory but to the location of the next float after x (4 bytes away on most workstations); if x were of type double, then px + 1 would refer to a location 8 bytes away, and so on. Only if x is of type char will px + 1 actually refer to the next byte in memory.

Thus, in

char* pc;

float* px;

float x;

x = 6.5;

px = &x;

pc = (char*) px;

(the (char*) in the last line is a ``cast'', which converts one data type to another), px and pc both point to the same location in memory--the address of x--but px + 1 and pc + 1 point to different memory locations.

Consider the following simple code.

void main()

{

float x, y; /* x and y are of float type */

float *fp, *fp2; /* fp and fp2 are pointers to float */

x = 6.5; /* x will now contain value 6.5 */

/* print contents and address of x */

printf("Value of x is %f, address of x %ld\n", x, &x);

fp = &x; /* fp now points to location of x */

/* the content of fp is printed */

printf("Value in memory location fp is %f\n", *fp);

/* change content of memory location */

*fp = 9.2;

printf("New value of x is %f = %f \n", *fp, x);

/* perform arithmetic */

*fp = *fp + 1.5;

printf("Final value of x is %f = %f \n", *fp, x);

/* transfer values */

y = *fp;

fp2 = fp;

printf("Transfered value into y = %f and fp2 = %f \n", y, *fp2);

}

OPERATORS IN C PROGRAMMING

2014-04-17T04:19:00.000-07:00

First of all let us know what an operator actually means? Well in layman term, an operator is a special symbol used on C programming which instructs compiler to specified mathematical or logical operation. Various operators are pre-defined in C language which proves to be useful for programmers in programming different software.
There are mainly 5 kinds of operators, namely:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators

Arithmetic Operator
This operator is used to most of the mathematical calculations in a c programming.
See the table given bellow to understand what arithmetic operators are:
(let A=30 and B=15)

Operator	Description	Example
+	Adds two operands	A+B will give 45
-	Subtracts operand	A-B will give15
*	Multiplies both operands	A*B will give 450
/	Divide operands	A/B will give 2
%	Modulus Operator	A%B will give 0
++	Increment	A++ will give 31
--	Decrement	B-- will give 14

Relational Operator
Relational operators are those symbols which are used to compare two or more operands. Examples of relational operator are equal to, less than, more than, more than or equal to, less than or equal to, not equal to etc.
We’ve already discussed about Relational Operator in our previous blog.
Click Here to See

Logical Operator
Logic operators work like logic gates that are OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate etc. They only work in case of binary code i.e. 1 or 0.
Here are logical operators used in C language programming.
(Let A=1 and B=0)

Operator	Description	Example
&&	AND operator	(A && B) gives False
\|\|	OR Operator	(A \|\| B) gives True
!	NOT Operator	A! gives False; B! gives True

Bitwise Operator
Bit-wise operator first covert a number into its binary code and then operate upon it to give the result.
Following are the results of bitwise operation:

u	v	u&v	u\|v	u^v
0	0	0	0	0
0	1	0	1	1
1	1	1	1	0
1	0	0	1	1

These are bitwise operator:
(Let A=60 and B=13)
A= 00111100
B= 00001101

Operator	Description	Example
&	Binary AND gate	(A & B) will give 12, which is 00001100
\|	Binary OR gate	(A \| B) will give 61, which is 00111101
^	Binary XOR gate	(A ^ B) will give 49, which is 00110001
~	Binary Compliment	(~A ) will give -60, which is 11000011
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator	A << 2 will give 240, which is 11110000
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator	A >> 2 will give 15, which is 00001111

Assignment Operator

These operator perform following tasks in C language programming:

Operator	Description	Example
=		A+B=C, C will be A+B
+=		C+=A, C will be C+A
-=		C-=A, C will be C-A
*=		C=A, C will be CA
/=		C/=A, C will be C/A
%=		C%=A, C will be C%A
<<=		C<<=2, C will be C<<2
>>=		C>>=2, C will be C>>2
&=		C&=2, C will be C&2
^=		C^=2, C will be C^2
\|=		C\|=2, C will be C\|2

C LANGUAGE COMMANDS

2014-04-16T03:19:00.001-07:00

Here is a list of various commands used in C language programming:

1. Comments
Used to add any comment in a program, it does not participate in programming sequence.
Syntax: /* add your comment */
2. For
This command is used to create for loops where we can add the number of times a process should keep on running in a loop according to our need.
Syntax: for( initialization ; test; increment)
{
statements;
}
3. Include
It’s a preprocessor directive which is mandatory to load required directories into the program and it is included on top of a program.
Syntax: # include <file.h>
4. main
Main function tells when to initiate the main body of a program. All the main processes come under this command.
Syntax: int
main(void)
{
statements;

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
5. Printf
This command is used to show output anything or display any result.
Syntax: printf( format string, variable list);
6. scanf
Scanf is used to input any data from user of input any result from any other part of program.
Syntax: scanf( format string, list of &variables);
7. int
This command is used to initialize that output or input will be in the form of integer.
Syntax: int variable list and initial values;
8. float
This command is used to initialize that output or input will be in the form of integer or decimal.
Syntax: float variable list and initial values;
9. double
This command is used to initialize that output or input will be in the form of integer or decimal of large value.
Syntax: double variable list and initial values;
10. char
This command is used to initialize that output or input will be in the form of characters which includes alphabets and numbers.

Syntax: char variable list and initial values;

FEATURES OF C LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

2014-04-15T02:47:00.001-07:00

Relational Operators:

>	Greater than	7 > 5
<	Less than	5 < 7
>=	Greater than or equal to	6 >= 6
<=	Less than or equal to	5 <= 6
==	Equal to	8 == 8
!=	Not equal to	5 != 7

If condition:
If condition is used to put a condition, so that the program should proceed if the condition is satisfied.
Syntax:
if ( statement is TRUE )
Execute this line of code
In this, if condition will first check if the condition is true or not, if it stands true it will execute the next line and if it’s not it will stop.

ELSE
Else is used to give other alternate if the “if” condition stands false, so there’s another statement to execute.
Syntax is:
if (TRUE) {
Execute these statements if TRUE
}
else {
Execute these statements if FALSE
}
Else if:
This function is used to run a loop using this command. This comprises of both functions “if” and “else” both.

For example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int age;
printf( "Please enter your age" );
scanf( "%d", &age );
if ( age < 100 ) {
printf ("You are pretty young!\n" );
}
else if ( age == 100 ) {
printf( "You are old\n" );
}
else {
printf( "You are really old\n" );
}
return 0;

C LANGUAGE: 101

2014-04-12T00:02:00.001-07:00

Tokens: Tokens are either keyword, identifier, constant, string or symbol which are used in C language programming.

For example:
printf(“Hello everyone”);
Here the tokens are:
1) printf
2) (
3) “
4) Hello everyone
5) ;

Use of Semicolons:
Semicolons are used as sentence terminators. Whenever the compiler see a semicolon, it takes the sentence preceding it as one complete instruction and first runs that command and then moves to next line.

Comments:

Comments are added in C language program so as to improve the readability of a program. Adding comments make it easy for others as well as programmers who programmed it easy to spot which part of program performs which function.
Comments are added by adding prefix /* and suffix */

For example:

/* this is my first comment */
The comment portion does not participate in programming and are for helping/ marking purpose only.
Keywords:
Keywords are reserved words which have special functions defined in the program. These words cannot be used for some other purposes or as a constant.

Some of the example of keywords are:

Auto, else, long, switch, break, enum, register, typedef, case, extern, return, union, char, float, short, unsigned, const, for, signed, void, continue, goto, sizeof, volatile, default, if, static, while, do, int, struct, _Packed, double and many more.

C Programming: Introduction

2014-04-11T03:59:00.000-07:00

C is a high level programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie. Originally developed for UNIX operating system and was first implemented in the year of 1972 on Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11.
There are in total 3 level of languages:
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
• High Level Language
Machine Language deals with binary codes that is on and off (1’s and 0’s). This language is easily understood by machine and hence called as machine language.
Assembly Language can understand few words like add for addition, sub for subtraction. Programmers had to memorize all those mnemonics to create a program.
High Level Language are modern level programming platforms which in most efficient and easy to use as compared to other level of programming. Here we can use phrases or words which are similar to what we read or write.
C Programming language is widely used because of many reasons, few are listed bellow:
• Very easy to learn
• Language is structured
• Creates efficient programs
• Handle low level tasks like accessing low level memory
• Can be operated in various computers

2014-04-03T02:18:00.002-07:00

What CSS means.?

CSS is an acronym for Cascading Style Sheets. Styles are used to define HTML elements. Styles were added to HTML 4.0 and can solve a variety of problems.External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files and can make our work easier.

SAMPLE CODE:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body
{
background-color:green;
}
h1
{
color:white;
text-align:center;
}
p
{
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-size:20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>infotuck!</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this initially the background color is set to green. This can be varied accordingly to our needs by changing the name of color corresponding to background-color:.

Now heading is set along with the color of the font. In above stated example the color is set to white and can also be changed accordingly.

HTML BEGINEER

2014-03-27T04:44:00.001-07:00

HTML can be edited by using a professional HTML editor like :

Adobe Dreamweaver
Microsoft Expression Web
CoffeeCup HTML Editor

However, for learning HTML we recommend a text editor like Notepad (PC).We believe simplicity will be the best start.
Following 4 steps is sufficient to create your first web page using Notepad

Step 1: Start Notepad
To start Notepad go to:
Start
All Programs
Accessories
Notepad

Step 2: Edit Your HTML with Notepad
Type your HTML code into your Notepad:

Step 3: Save Your HTML
Select Save as.. in Notepad's file menu.
Use the extension .html or .htl to save the file
Save in any folder, like infotuck.

Step 4: Run the HTML in Your Browser
Double click on your HTML file and your first web page will open.

he <p> element:
<p>My Paragraph.</p>
The <p> symbol is used to define paragraph.
It has a start point <p> and an end point </p>.
The content is: My Paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
The <body> symbol is used to define the body of an HTML file.
The symbol has a start point <body> and an end pont </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink.
The html link:
A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document.
The pointer turns into a little hand when we hover the pointer over the link
The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the link's destination.

HTML Link Syntax
The HTML code for a link is an easy piece of cake. It looks like this:
Syntax:
<a href="url">Link text</a>
Example
<a href="http://tutorialterminal.blogspot.in/">Visit our blog</a>

HTML BASICS

2014-03-26T03:47:00.000-07:00

HTML BASICS

In our previous blog, we’ve told what HTML really is along with the very basic pre-requisite of it. And now we’ll start with the basic working of HTML and how HTML codes are generated.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is used almost every day by us in our day to day life and one such example is the World Wide Web (www). Everything in internet consists of HTML and HTML links..

So, starting with the basic program. Initially we start with giving HTML file a name.
For example we want to create a HTML file which will display one heading and a part of a paragraph.

So the syntax will be:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Output is:

My First Heading

My first paragraph.

Anything which is written between <h1> and </h1> will be the heading and anything written between <p> and </p> will be part of paragraph.

You can put up any number of heading and paragraphs.

<h1> means the first heading n will be the biggest in size. To put up a smaller heading keep on incrementing the number and size of heading will reduce. For example <h2> heading will be smaller as compared to <h1> heading and so on.

This can be seen with the following source code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>
</body>
</html>

The output will be:

This is heading 1

This is heading 2

This is heading 3

This is heading 4

This is heading 5

This is heading 6

This way we can display anything we want in our HTML page. Hope this tutorial helps you.

Introduction to HTML

2014-03-19T23:19:00.001-07:00

Before you begin, it's important that you know Windows or Unix. A working knowledge of Windows or Unix makes it much easier to learn HTML. You should be familiar with:

You should be familiar with:
• Basic word processing using any text editor.
• How to create directories and files.
• How to navigate through different directories.
• Basic understanding on internet browsing using a browser like Internet Explorer or Firefox etc.

Introducing HTML:

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the most widely used language to write Web Pages. As its name suggests, HTML is a markup language.

• Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML documents) are linked together. When you click a link in a Web page, you are using hypertext.
• Markup Language describes how HTML works. With a markup language, you simply "mark up" a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers.
All you need to do to use HTML is to learn what type of markup to use to get the results you want.