<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794</id><updated>2024-11-01T18:28:07.005+07:00</updated><category term="pengetahuan"/><category term="serba-serbi"/><category term="hiburan"/><category term="Serba INDONESIA"/><category term="jepang corner"/><category term="keajaiban"/><category term="cerpen"/><category term="kumpulan puisi"/><category term="lirik"/><category term="Foto"/><category term="binatang"/><category term="english corner"/><category term="my novel"/><category term="video"/><title type='text'>a journey</title><subtitle type='html'> you can find everything here</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>154</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-1679831632911388620</id><published>2016-01-16T22:52:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2016-01-16T23:10:52.020+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="my novel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="serba-serbi"/><title type='text'>Novel karya Armadi S. Pambudi</title><content type='html'>Artikel kali ini akan sedikit mengulas novel-novel karya Armadi S. Pambudi. Penulis merupakan alumni SMA N 1 Surakarta ( Kasmaji 2012) dan sedang menempuh semester akhir di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Statistik. Padahal yang nulis artikel ini ya Armadi S. Pambudi. he he he. gak papa lah narsis dikit.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;1. Another The Precognitive Girl&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Merupakan novel misteri remaja yang menceritakan tentang Lintang dan rahasia tergelapnya. Mengambil setting Perusahan Besar yang di novel ini disebut perusahaan super power yang merupakan kisah fiksi. Dan merupakan buku pertama dari series Another.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hallo, Aku Lintang Kejora. Aku dijuluki seorang Precognitive Dreamer oleh sahabatku. Precognitive Dreamer adalah orang yang memiliki kemampuan menerima informasi mengenai apa yang akan terjadi melalui mimpi. Aku merupakan siswi yang sangat ceria dan aktif di SMA NUSANTARA. Kehidupanku begitu sempurna bersama empat sahabatku yang kebetulan satu kelas dengan dirinya. Suatu hari Aldila, orang yang aku suka secara diam-diam mengajakku untuk nge-date.　　　　 Namun sehari setelah itu, aku menerima surat ancaman yang berisi agar aku menjauhi orang-orang yang aku sayangi, tapi aku tidak peduli dengan ancaman itu. Malam hari nya aku mendapatkan gambaran mimpi tentang kematian salah satu sahabatku. Keesokan harinya saat makan siang peristiwa itupun terjadi. Dewi, salah satu sahabatku tergeletak lemas di meja makan sesuai dengan mimpi yang ku terima. &lt;br /&gt;
Setelah kejadian itu, aku mendapatkan surat berisi nama urutan orang yang akan menjadi korban selanjutnya dengan kata penutup yang bertuliskan “Salam dari gadis yang selalu datang dalam mimpimu.”. Cinta yang awalnya bersemi dalam hatiku kini berubah menjadi rasa takut akan bayang-bayang kematian yang menghantui orang-orang yang aku sayangi. &lt;br /&gt;
Kasus : Misteri percobaan pembunuhan terhadap sahabat-sahabatku.&lt;br /&gt;
Misiku :Menemukan pelaku sebelum semua sahabatku menjadi korban kekejaman pelaku.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;2. Seriously, I&#39;m In Love (SIL)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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SIL merupakan novel yang bercerita tentang Riana yang sudah tidak bisa menahan kekesalan dan ingin balik ke kampung halamannya, Solo. Hal yang menarik dari novel ini adalah perang batin para tokoh utama dan memiliki sudut pandang dua orang. Hal tersebut menjadikan novel ini patut dibaca dan dinikmati. Satu lagi, banyak hal gaje di dalamnya.&lt;br /&gt;
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Sinopsis&lt;br /&gt;
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Tinggal bersama Ayah yang terus menerus mengungkungnya dari kebebasan membuat Riana ingin sekali kembali ke kota kelahirannya, Solo. Hubungannya yang tidak harmonis dengan adik tirinya, Rasya, serta ibu tirinya, Tante Lidya, pun memperburuk kehidupannya. Beruntung, sahabatnya mampu membuatnya bertahan.&lt;br /&gt;
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Tapi masalah kembali bermunculan ketika dirinya kembali tinggal di Solo. Pertemuan dengan cowok yang mirip cinta masa kecilnya membuatnya semakin gundah. Namun, dengan bertemu sahabat baru, mengenal budaya baru, akankah membuat Riana baik-baik saja?&lt;br /&gt;
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Itulah sedikit yang bisa saya bocorkan. Armadi S. Pambudi tahun ini tengah berusaha menyelesaikan 3 proyek besar.&lt;br /&gt;
1. Novel Another: The Perfect Girl&lt;br /&gt;
2. Lite Novel Rassian&lt;br /&gt;
3. Skripsi&lt;br /&gt;
LOL</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/1679831632911388620/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2016/01/novel-karya-armadi-s-pambudi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/1679831632911388620'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/1679831632911388620'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2016/01/novel-karya-armadi-s-pambudi.html' title='Novel karya Armadi S. Pambudi'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7GvOK_qTMoRC2eDyezZXdWVOvTdvXEHvEaqOvYGvX7I9nO0lCluOKFAIAd-C4Tuq2oN-psmSxIf3XLWsZ98yhI7mEdCS9bvjm5mu2pJ1U1dDHhJOnAZy-61xMyTGsgTum1UQ9TdKW0aHx/s72-c/11070381_1061308997216335_2521610721708653212_n.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-2590891093643167451</id><published>2016-01-16T22:03:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2016-01-16T22:04:33.179+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="my novel"/><title type='text'>Seriously, I&#39;m In Love</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0hyphenhyphenNCTk_4Byd8T3aO3rbl2D_gAmCISII9nXcviXC3RNC3bVX_kaVy74F69azGaCbrkhVY19XR0NpVyTiBzuQPFtSw1pgvXlnxSQ3SSdPqizuRRmlUbu2tQgretb6SjvFG_KWHWIvL59RE/s1600/10286983_1255249154502099_7434154171434148208_o.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0hyphenhyphenNCTk_4Byd8T3aO3rbl2D_gAmCISII9nXcviXC3RNC3bVX_kaVy74F69azGaCbrkhVY19XR0NpVyTiBzuQPFtSw1pgvXlnxSQ3SSdPqizuRRmlUbu2tQgretb6SjvFG_KWHWIvL59RE/s320/10286983_1255249154502099_7434154171434148208_o.jpg&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tinggal bersama Ayah yang terus menerus mengungkungnya dari kebebasan membuat Riana ingin sekali kembali ke kota kelahirannya, Solo. Hubungannya yang tidak harmonis dengan adik tirinya, Rasya, serta ibu tirinya, Tante Lidya, pun memperburuk kehidupannya. Beruntung, sahabatnya mampu membuatnya bertahan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tapi masalah kembali bermunculan ketika dirinya kembali tinggal di Solo. Pertemuan dengan cowok yang mirip cinta masa kecilnya membuatnya semakin gundah. Namun, dengan bertemu sahabat baru, mengenal budaya baru, akankah membuat Riana baik-baik saja?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Alhamdulillah ini adalah novel pertama yang tersebar luas hampir ke seluruh Indonesia meski bukan novel pertama yang kubuat, sebelumnya ada another: the precognitive girl hanya terbatas di jawa tengah sama jawa timur dan sukses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Semoga aku bisa terus belajar dan bersyukur, aku berharap dukungan teman-teman semua agar karya ku yang lain juga bisa diterbitkan dan tersebar luaskan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Mimpi lama akhirnya terwujud sekarang. </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/2590891093643167451/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2016/01/seriously-im-in-love.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2590891093643167451'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2590891093643167451'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2016/01/seriously-im-in-love.html' title='Seriously, I&#39;m In Love'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0hyphenhyphenNCTk_4Byd8T3aO3rbl2D_gAmCISII9nXcviXC3RNC3bVX_kaVy74F69azGaCbrkhVY19XR0NpVyTiBzuQPFtSw1pgvXlnxSQ3SSdPqizuRRmlUbu2tQgretb6SjvFG_KWHWIvL59RE/s72-c/10286983_1255249154502099_7434154171434148208_o.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-675562738288667894</id><published>2015-12-10T12:01:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2015-12-10T12:01:08.797+07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;goodreadsGiveawayWidget165027&quot;&gt;
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    &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goodreads.com/&quot; target=&quot;_new&quot;&gt;Goodreads&lt;/a&gt; Book Giveaway
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/27985640&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Seriously I&#39;m In Love by Armadi S. Pambudi&quot; src=&quot;https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1448551991l/27985640.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Seriously I&#39;m In Love by Armadi S. Pambudi&quot; width=&quot;100&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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          &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/27985640&quot;&gt;Seriously I&#39;m In Love&lt;/a&gt;
      &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;
          by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/14222546.Armadi_S_Pambudi&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Armadi S. Pambudi&lt;/a&gt;
      &lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;giveaway_details&quot;&gt;
Giveaway ends January 06, 2016.
          &lt;br /&gt;
See the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goodreads.com/giveaway/show/165027&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;giveaway details&lt;/a&gt;
            at Goodreads.
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&lt;script charset=&quot;utf-8&quot; src=&quot;https://www.goodreads.com/giveaway/widget/165027&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/675562738288667894/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2015/12/seriously-im-in-love-by-armadi-s-pambudi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/675562738288667894'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/675562738288667894'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2015/12/seriously-im-in-love-by-armadi-s-pambudi.html' title=''/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-2416312653522104602</id><published>2013-09-07T02:06:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2013-09-07T02:06:34.836+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Teori Sosiologi</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot;&gt;TEORI SOSIOLOGI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Suatu
teori pada hakikatnya merupakan hubungan antara dua fakta atau lebih, atau
pengaturan fakta menurut cara-cara tertentu. Dalam bentuknya yang paling sederhana,
suatu teori merupakan hubungan antara &lt;i&gt;dua variabel &lt;/i&gt;atau lebih, yang
telah diuji kebenarannya. Dalam sosiologi teori-teori mempunyai beberapa
kegunaan antara lain:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.45pt 86.2pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Suatu
teori atau beberapa teori merupakan ikhtisar daripada hal-hal yang telah
diketahui serta diuji kebenarannya yang menyangkut obyek yang dipelajari
sosiologi;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.45pt 86.2pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Teori
memberikan petunjuk-petunjuk terhadap kekurangan-kekurangan pada seseorang yang
memperdalam pengetahuannya di bidang sosiologi;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Teori
berguna untuk lebih mempertajam atau lebih mengkhususkan fakta yang dipelajari
oleh sosiologi;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.45pt 86.2pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Suatu
teori akan sangat berguna dalam mengembangkan sistem klasifikasi fakta, membina
struktur konsep-konsep serta memperkembangkan definisi-definisi yang penting
untuk penelitian;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;e.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Pengetahuan
teoritis memberikan kemungkinan-kemungkinan untuk mengadakan proyeksi sosial,
yaitu usaha untuk dapat mengetahui ke arah mana masyarakat akan berkembang atas
dasar fakta yang diketahui pada masa yang lampau dan pada masa dewasa ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Perhatian Terhadap Masyarakat
Sebelum Comte&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Masa
Auguste Comte dipakai sebagai patokan istilah awal sosiologi. Akan tetapi
pemikiran-pemikiran tentang masyarakat manusia telah dimulai sebelumnya
seperti:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;a. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Plato&lt;/i&gt;
(429-347 S.M), seorang filosofi Romawi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Plato menyatakan bahwa masyarakat sebenarnya
merupakan refleksi dari manusia perorangan. Manusia perorangan memiliki tiga
unsur keseimbangan jiwa yang terdiri dari: nafsu, semangat dan inteligensia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;b.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Aristoteles&lt;/i&gt;
(384-322 S.M), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Aristoteles menggarisbawahi kenyataan bahwa
basis masyarakat adalah moral (etika dalam arti yang sempit).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;c. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Ibn Khaldun&lt;/i&gt;
(1332-1406), seorang ahli filsafat Arab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ibn
Khaldun mengemukakan prinsip pokok yang mengatakan bahwa bersatunya manusia di
dalam suku-suku, negara, dan sebagainya adalah rasa solidaritas. Faktor inilah
yang menyebabkan adanya ikatan dan usaha-usaha atau kegiatan-kegiatan bersama
antara manusia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;d.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Thomas
More, Campanella, N. Machiavelli &lt;/i&gt;(1200-1600) =&amp;gt; politik dipisahkan dari
moral sehingga terjadi suatu pendekatan yang mekanis terhadap masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;e.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Hobbes
&lt;/i&gt;(1588-1679) =&amp;gt; Orang-orang sepenuhnya mematuhi fihak yang mempunyai
wewenang sehingga masyarakat dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pemikiran-pemikiran
pada abad ke 17 masih ditandai dengan anggapan-anggapan bahwa lembaga-lembaga kemasyarakatan
terikat pada hubungan-hubungan yang tetap.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;f.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;John
Locke&lt;/i&gt; (1632-1704) =&amp;gt; mengatakan bahwa manusia pada dasarnya mempunyai
hak-hak asasi yaitu hak untuk hidup, kebebasan dan hak atas harta benda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;g.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;J.
J. Rousseau &lt;/i&gt;(1712-1778) =&amp;gt; kontrak antara pemerintah dengan yang
diperintah menyebabkan tumbuhnya suatu kolektivitas yang mempunyai
keinginan-keinginan sendiri, yaitu keinginan umum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;i.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;Saint-Simon
&lt;/i&gt;(1760-1825) =&amp;gt; menyatakan bahwa manusia hendaknya dipelajari dalam
kehidupan berkelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Sosiologi Auguste Comte
(1798-1853)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Inti
pokok dari ajaran &lt;i&gt;Comte&lt;/i&gt; adalah
pembagian atas tiga tahap pemikiran manusia yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Tahap
teologis atau fiktif, suatu tahap di mana manusia menafsirkan gejala-gejala di
sekelilingnya secara teologis yaitu dengan kekuatan-kekuatan yang dikendalikan
roh dewa-dewa atau Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Tahap
metafisik, di mana pada tahap ini manusia menganggap bahwa di dalam setiap
gejala terdapat kekuatan-kekuatan atau inti tertentu yang pada akhirnya akan
dapat diungkapkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Tahap ilmu
pengetahuan positif, yang merupakan lanjutan dari tahap metafisik. Pada tahap
sebelumnya manusia masih terikat pada oleh cita-cita tanpa verifikasi, oleh
karena itu diperlukan suatu realitas tertentu untuk menemukan hukum-hukum alam
yang seragam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 21.8pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Menurut &lt;i&gt;Comte&lt;/i&gt;,
suatu ilmu pengetahuan yang positif apabila ilmu pengetahuan tersebut
memusatkan pada gejala-gejala yang nyata dan kongkrit, tanpa ada halangan dari
pertimbangan-pertimbangan lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Teori-teori Sosiologi
Sesudah Auguste Comte &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Teori-teori
sesudah &lt;i&gt;Comte&lt;/i&gt; banyak dipengaruhi oleh
ilmu-ilmu lain dan dikelompokkan kedalam beberapa mazab:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Mazhab
Geografi dan Lingkungan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; penganut ajaran ini
antara lain: &lt;i&gt;Edward Buckle &lt;/i&gt;dari Inggris&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;(1821-1862),&lt;i&gt; Le Play &lt;/i&gt;dari
Perancis ( 1806-1888) dan &lt;i&gt;E. Huntington&lt;/i&gt; (1915).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Mazhab
Organis dan Evolusioner &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;=&amp;gt; penganut ajaran ini: &lt;i&gt;Herbert
Spencer&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp; dari Inggris (1820-1903), &lt;i&gt;W.
G. Summer&lt;/i&gt; (1840-1910), &lt;i&gt;Emile Durkheim&lt;/i&gt; (1855-1917), &lt;i&gt;Ferdinand
Tonnies&lt;/i&gt; dari Jerman (1855-1936).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Mazhab
Formal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; penganut ajaran ini yang menonjol
sebagian besar dari Jerman seperti: filsafat &lt;i&gt;Immanuel Kart&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;George
Simmel&lt;/i&gt; (1858-1918), &lt;i&gt;Leopold von Wiese &lt;/i&gt;(1876-1953) dan &lt;i&gt;Alfred
Vierkandt&lt;/i&gt; (1867-1953).&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Mazhab
Psikologi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; penganut ajaran ini adalah &lt;i&gt;Gabriel
Tardc&lt;/i&gt; dari Perancis (1843-1904), &lt;i&gt;Albion Small&lt;/i&gt; dari Amerika (1854-1926),
&lt;i&gt;Richard Horton Cooley&lt;/i&gt; dari Amerika (1864-1924), &lt;i&gt;L.T. Hobhouse&lt;/i&gt;
dari Inggris (1864-1929).&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;e.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Mazhab
Ekonomi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; &lt;i&gt;Karl Marx&lt;/i&gt; (1818-1883) dan &lt;i&gt;Max
Weber&lt;/i&gt; (1864-1920).&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.95pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.95pt; text-indent: -21.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;f.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Mazhab
Hukum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; &lt;i&gt;Emile Durkheim&lt;/i&gt; (1855-1917), &lt;i&gt;Max
Weber&lt;/i&gt; (1864-1920), &lt;i&gt;Lawrence M. Friedman&lt;/i&gt; dari Amerika pada tahun 1960
an, &lt;i&gt;Daniel S. Lev&lt;/i&gt; tahun 1970 an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;METODE-METODE DALAM SOSIOLOGI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada dasarnya
terdapat dua jenis cara kerja atau metode yang dipakai dalam Sosiologi (dan
juga ilmu-ilmu lainnya), yaitu: metode &lt;i&gt;kualitatif &lt;/i&gt;dan &lt;i&gt;kuantitatif&lt;/i&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Metode Kualitatif &amp;nbsp;yang mengutamakan bahan yang sukar diukur
dengan angka atau ukuran lainnya terdiri dari:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 86.2pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.45pt; text-indent: -72.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;metode
historis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 86.2pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.45pt; text-indent: -72.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;metode
komparatif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 86.2pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 14.2pt list 35.45pt; text-indent: -72.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;metode
studi kasus, dengan memakai alat-alat:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 15.8pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; i.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
wawancara (&lt;i&gt;interview&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 15.8pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ii.&amp;nbsp; pertanyaan-pertanyaan (&lt;i&gt;questionnaires&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 15.8pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; iii.
&lt;i&gt;participant observer technique&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;Metode
Kuantitatif yang mengutamakan bahan keterangan dengan angka-angka, sehingga
gejala-gejala yang diteliti dapat diukur dengan menggunakan skala, indeks,
tabel dan formula. Yang termasuk jenis metode kuantitatif adalah metode
statistik yang bertujuan menelaah gejala-gejala sosial secara matematis. Alat
ukur yang terkenal adalah Sosiometri, yaitu dengan mempergunakan skala atau
angka untuk mempelajari hubungan-hubungan antar manusia dalam masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Disamping dua
metode tersebut ada satu metode yang digunakan dalam sosiologi yaitu metode
fungsionalisme yang bertujuan untuk meneliti kegunaan lembaga-lembaga
kemasyarakatn dan struktur sosial dalam masyarakat =&amp;gt; dipopulerkan oleh &lt;i&gt;Bronislaw
Malinowski &lt;/i&gt;dan &lt;i&gt;A. R. Radcliffe Brown&lt;/i&gt;. Sedangkan &lt;i&gt;Talcott Parsons&lt;/i&gt;
dan &lt;i&gt;Robert K. Merton&lt;/i&gt; menggunakan pendekatan fungsional terhadap
masyarakat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;PERKEMBANGAN SOSIOLOGI DI INDONESIA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;PT-BR&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pada awalnya Sosiologi
dianggap sebagai ilmu pembantu bagi ilmu-ilmu pengetahuan lainnya. Seiring dengan
berkembangnya teknologi dimana beberapa sarjana Indonesia belajar di luar
negeri Sosiologi makin berkembang. Disamping itu dengan munculnya
perguruan-perguruan tinggi dan kesadaran bahwa sosiologi sangat penting dalam
menelaah masyarakat Indonesia yang semakin berkembang maka sosiologi menempati
tempat yang penting dalam daftar kuliah beberapa perguruan tinggi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/2416312653522104602/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/09/teori-sosiologi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2416312653522104602'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2416312653522104602'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/09/teori-sosiologi.html' title='Teori Sosiologi'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-3576670025742746871</id><published>2013-04-22T14:09:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2013-04-22T14:09:10.671+07:00</updated><title type='text'>TRIAS POLITICA DAN CHECK AND BALANCE</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam
demokrasi dikenal konsep Rechstaat (negara hukum). Rechtstaat (negara hukum)
diartikan sebagai negara yang penyelenggaraan pemerintahannya berdasarkan
prinsip- prinsip hukum untuk membatasi kekuasaan pemerintah. Menurut Frederik
Julius Stahl, salah satu unsur dalam konsep Rechstaat adalah negara didasarkan
kepada Trias Politica (pemisahan kekuasaan negara atas kekuasaan legislatif,
kekuasaan eksekutif dan kekuasaan yudisial). Menurut Carles de Secondat Baron
de Labriede et de Montesquieu:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.
Kekuasan Legislatif adalah sebagai pembuat undang- undang;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.
Kekuasaan Eksekutif adalah sebagai pelaksana undang- undang;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;c.
Kekuasaan Yudikatif adalah kekuasaan untuk menghakimi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam
sistem ketata negaraan Indonesia pasca Amandemen ke- empat Undang- Undang dasar
1945 kekuasaan Legislatif dilaksanakan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dan
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) selain itu Presiden juga mempunyai hak untuk
mengajukan rancangan undang- undang dan turut serta dalam pembahasan rancangan
undang- undang bersama Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR). Kekuasaan Eksekutif
dilaksanakan oleh Presiden. Kekuasaan Yudikatif dilaksanakan oleh Mahkamah
Agung (MA) dan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam
rangka menjamin bahwa masing- masing kekuasaan tidak melampaui batas
kekuasaannya maka diperlukan suatu sistem checks and balances system (sistem
pengawasan dan keseimbangan). Dalam checks and balances system, masing- masing
kekuasaan saling mengawasi dan mengontrol. Checks and balances system merupakan
suatu mekanisme yang menjadi tolok ukur kemapanan konsep negara hukum dalam
rangka mewujudkan demokrasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam
konstitusi Indonesia, fungsi kontrol Legislatif terhadap Eksekutif meliputi
persetujuan terhadap kekuasaan Presiden untuk menyatakan perang, membuat
perdamaian dan perjanjian dengan negara lain; review terhadap Peraturan
Pemerintah Pengganti Undang- Undang (perpu) yang dibuat oleh Presiden,
pembahasan Rancangan Anggaran dan Pendapatan Belanja Negara (RAPBN) bersama
Presiden. Selain fungsi kontrol tersebut, DPR juga dapat mengajukan usul kepada
Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) untuk memberhentikan Presiden karena
melakukan pengkhianatan terhadap negara, korupsi penyuapan, tindak pidana berat
lainnya, perbuatan tercela mau pun bila terbukti tidak lagi memenuhi syarat
sebagai Presiden. Dalam pelaksanaan fungsi kontrol tersebut peran DPD sangat
minim, yaitu sebatas “dapat melakukan pengawasan atas pelaksanaan undang-
undang mengenai : otonomi daerah, pembentukan, pemekaran dan penggabungan
daerah, hubungan pusat dan daerah, pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan sumber daya
ekonomi lainnya, pelaksanaan anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara, pajak,
pendidikan, dan agama”. DPD tidak berwenang secara langsung untuk menindak
lanjuti hasil pengawasan tetapi hanya sebatas menyampaikan hasil pengawasannya
itu kepada DPR sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk ditindaklanjuti. Dalam
menjalankan fungsi kontrol terhadap kekuasaan Yudikatif (MA dan MK), DPR
berwenang melakukan penyaringan terhadap para calon hakim agung dan mengajukan
tiga dari sembilan orang hakim konstitusi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Di
Amerika Serikat sebagai kiblat konsep checks and balances system, dalam hal
pelaksanaan fungsi kontrol kekuasaan Eksekutif terhadap Legislatif, Presiden
diberi kewenangan untuk memveto rancangan undang- undang yang telah diterima
oleh Congress (semacam MPR), akan tetapi veto tersebut dapat dibatalkan oleh
Congress dengan dukungan 2/3 suara dari House of Representative (semacam DPR)
dan Senate (semacam lembaga utusan negara bagian). Dalam Undang- Undang Dasar
1945 tidak terdapat ketentuan mengenai hak veto tersebut tetapi pembahasan
setiap rancangan undang- undang dilakukan oleh DPR dan Presiden untuk mendapatkan
persetujuan bersama. Selain hak pembahasan dan persetujuan bersama, Presiden
juga diberikan hak untuk mengajukan rancangan undang- undang kepada DPR[9].
Keterlibatan Presiden sebagai pemegang kekuasaan Eksekutif dalam kegiatan
membuat undang- undang membuatnya juga memegang kekuasaan Legislatif sehingga
Presiden mempunyai kekuasaan ganda. Hal tersebut tidak konsisten dengan asas
Trias Politica (pemisahan kekuasaan). Sejauh ini di negara- negara yang
menganut sistem presidensial, kekuasaan Legislatif diserahkan kepada parlemen,
sedangkan Presiden mempunyai hak veto. Diantara negara- negara tersebut hanya
konstitusi Indonesia dan Puerto Rico yang memberikan hak legislasi bersama
parlemen kepada Presiden. Sedangkan dalam fungsi kontrol tehadap kekuasaan
Yudikatif, Presiden diberikan kewenangan untuk menyetujui dan menetapkan calon
hakim agung sebagai hakim agung, selain itu Presiden juga diberikan kewenangan
untuk mengajukan tiga dari sembilan orang hakim Konstitusi dan menetapkan para
hakim Konstitusi tersebut.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam
rangka fungsi pengawasan kekuasaan Yudikatif terhadap kekuasaan Eksekutif, MA
diberikan kewenangan untuk menguji peraturan perundang- undangan yang
kedudukannya dibawah undang- undang terhadap undang- undang. Berdasarkan
Undang- Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-
Undangan, bentuk- bentuk dan tata- urutan perundang- undangan meliputi:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Undang-
Undang Dasar (UUD) dan perubahan UUD.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Undang-
Undang dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang- Undang (Perpu).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Peraturan
Pemerintah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Peraturan
Presiden.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Peraturan
Daerah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menurut
pendapat Jimly Asshiddiqie, dalam praktik disamping peraturan perundang-
undangan tersebut masih banyak bentuk peraturan perundang- undangan lain
seperti Peraturan Menteri, Peraturan Bank Indonesia, Peraturan Mahkamah Agung,
Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Peraturan dan Keputusan Badan Pemeriksa
Keuangan, dll. Kewenangan tersebut diberikan kepada MA karena Indonesia belum
membentuk MK. Dengan dibentuknya MK sebagai “pengawal konstitusi” dan untuk memperingan
tugas MA maka sebaiknya kewenangan menguji MA diserahkan kepada MK. Hal
tersebut juga supaya semua peraturan perundang- undangan dapat diuji terhadap
undang- undang dasar sehingga dapat terwujud supremasi konstitusi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selain
hal tersebut, MK juga diberikan kewenangan untuk memutus sengketa kewenangan
lembaga negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang- Undang Dasar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam
rangka melaksanakan konsep checks and balances yang lazim, sebaiknya Presiden
tidak boleh turut bersama Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dalam pembahasan
rancangan undang- undang dan hak Presiden untuk mengajukan rancangan undang-
undang sebaiknya dihapus. Sebagai mekanisme kontrol terhadap Legislatif,
Presiden sebagai pemegang kekuasaan eksekutif diberikan hak veto atas rancangan
undang- undang yang akan disahkan Legislatif. Perubahan tersebut wajib
dicantumkan dalam amandemen undang- undang dasar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selain
hal tersebut, hak uji peraturan perundang- undangan sebaiknya diberikan kepada
Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) sehingga semua peraturan perundang- undangan diuji
terhadap undang- undang dasar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/3576670025742746871/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/trias-politica-dan-check-and-balance.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3576670025742746871'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3576670025742746871'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/trias-politica-dan-check-and-balance.html' title='TRIAS POLITICA DAN CHECK AND BALANCE'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-3940626802354545921</id><published>2013-04-20T00:39:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2013-04-20T00:39:13.369+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>Pentingnya Gizi Bagi Balita</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya, masa
emas pertumbuhan seorang manusia ada pada masa-masa awal kehidupannya. Terutama
pada usia balita. Sehingga, sangat penting bagi seorang balita untuk memiliki
gizi yang seimbang pada usianya. Selain itu, ada banyak dampak buruk yang dapat
terjadi apabila seorang balita tidak memiliki gizi yang seimbang (kekurangan
dan kelebihan), yaitu &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Timbulnya berbagai macam penyakit&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Jenis penyakit gangguan gizi yang sering menimpa penduduk terutama anak
balita di Indonesia adalah :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;a. Gangguan gizi akibat kekurangan energi dan protein (KEP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;b. Gangguan gizi akibat kekurangan vitamin A (KVA)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;c. Gangguan gizi akibat kekurangan besi (Anemia gizi)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;d. Gangguan gizi akibat kekurangan yodium&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ke-empat gangguan gizi diatas berdampak meluas
kepada banyak penyakit dan infeksi lain, seperti &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;meningkatkan
angka kematian ibu dan anak serta berbagai penyakit akibat infeksi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -21.3pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Kekurangan Gizi Mikro (KGM)
menurunkan kecerdasan anak serta produktifitas kerja.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Gizi
seimbang yang diberikan kepada balita akan mempengaruhi tumbuh kembangnya. Bila
gizi yang diberikan baik dan seimbang, anak tersebut akan tumbuh dan berkembang
dengan baik pula. Adapun tanda-tanda umum balita dan anak bergizi baik antara
lain adalah:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Pertama,
bertambah umur, berat dan tinggi badan pun bertambah.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Kedua,
postur tubuh tegap dan otot padat. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan rangka tubuh
diukur dengan cara berdiri tegak. Pertumbuhan otot dilihat dengan pengukuran
lingkar lengan atas yang sesuai dengan usianya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ketiga,
rambut berkilau dan kuat. Anak yang memenuhi kriteria ini memiliki cukup asupan
makronutrien, seng, serta vitamin C dan E.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Keempat,
kulit serta kuku bersih dan tidak pucat. Kulit lembab dan tidak bersisik itu
cukup asupan vitamin A, C, dan E.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Kelima,
wajah ceria, mata bening, dan bibir segar. Kejiwaan anak ditandai dengan sifat
ceria, aktif berkomunikasi, dan mau berteman.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Keenam,
gigi bersih dan gusi merah muda. Gigi anak berkilat, gusi merah muda berkilat,
dan lidah bersih segar artinya anak memiliki kecukupan acupan niasin, asam
folat, riboflavin, dan vitamin B 12.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ketujuh,
nafsu makan baik dan buang air besar teratur.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Kedelapan,
anak bergerak aktif dan berbicara lancar sesuai umur. Fungsi motorik anak yang
sehat bila anak bergerak aktif sesuai umur, lincah bermain sesuai umur, dan
berbicara lancar sesuai umur.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Kesembilan,
anak sehat itu penuh perhatian dan bereaksi aktif. Kecerdasan anak diartikan
dengan sikap penuh perhatian, rasa ingin tahu, bereaksi aktif, dan berprestasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;DE&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;&quot;&gt;Kesepuluh,
anak dapat tidur nyenyak. Status gizi memengaruhi kebiasaan tidur anak. Menurut
dr Anie, ada hubungan antara indeks masa tubuh dan kebiasaan tidur anak.
Misalnya anak perempuan (sekitar 13 tahun) yang langsing tidur lebih lama dan
nyenyak daripada yang gemuk. Anak bergizi baik (tidak kegemukan) tidur lebih
banyak. Dengan kecukupan asupan zat gisi dan serat dari makanan diharapkan anak
bisa buang air besar lancar, nafsu makan baik, dan tidur nyenyak.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 17.85pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/3940626802354545921/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/pentingnya-gizi-bagi-balita.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3940626802354545921'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3940626802354545921'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/pentingnya-gizi-bagi-balita.html' title='Pentingnya Gizi Bagi Balita'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-5462111864051552520</id><published>2013-04-20T00:30:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2013-04-20T00:34:01.399+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="jepang corner"/><title type='text'>Takoyaki</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Awalnya, takoyaki atau octopus balls hanyalah snack bulat berdiameter 3-5
cm yang diisi dengan potongan gurita di dalamnya, disajikan dengan saus.
Takoyaki ini dijual menggunakan tusukan bambu berisi 3 bulatan per tusuknya,
saat membeli kita bisa melihat aksi penjualnya yang asik mombolak-balik
takoyaki di atas wajan hingga berbentuk bulat dan matang.&lt;br /&gt;
Dalam penyajiannya, takoyaki selalu dijual dalam bentuk porsian. 1 porsi
biasanya berisi 3-10 buah dalam 1 wadah, yang selalu disertakan tusuk gigi atau
sumpit sekali pakai. Di negeri asalnya takoyaki biasa dijual dalam wadah
berbentuk perahu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Takoyaki&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;sangat tenar di Jepang, khususnya
Kansai, Tokyo dan Osaka. Snack mungil ini paling nikmat bil disantap dalam
keadaan panas sebagai camilan, dan saat ini di Jepang takoyaki sudah dapat
dibeli dalam kondisi beku (frozen), sehingga pembeli tinggal memanaskan dalam
microwafe.Bahkan tiap rumah di Osaka biasanya memiliki wajan (loyang) takoyaki.
Takoyaki digunakan sebagai makanan kebanggaan, yang sering dijadikan lauk untuk
makan nasi putih. Bahan-bahan untuk membuat takoyaki tersedia secara lengkap di
toko.&lt;br /&gt;
Wajan takoyaki merupakan salah satu perabot rumah tangga yang seharusnya
dihadiahkan orangtua kepada anak perempuan yang menjadi pengantin.&lt;br /&gt;
Bahan asinan jahe berwarna merah (benishoga) sering pula dicampurkan ke dalam
adonan. Penjual yang senang berkreasi kadangkala menambahkan keju atau konnyaku
ke dalam takoyaki.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Saus yang dipakai biasanya adalah saus okonomiyaki walaupun ada juga saus
khusus untuk takoyaki yang rasanya tidak jauh berbeda dengan saus okonomiyaki.&lt;br /&gt;
Takoyaki dengan isi yang disukai penduduk setempat (kadang-kadang tanpa gurita)
berusaha diperkenalkan di negara-negara yang penduduknya merasa ngeri memakan
gurita.&lt;br /&gt;
Saat ini, kita dapat menjumpai takoyaki dijual dengan pilihan isi dan disajikan
dalam wadah cup kertas, kantung kertas maupun box mungil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bahan dan alat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Takoyaki-ki&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: sebutan untuk wajan dengan
bulatan-bulatan cekung yang berfungsi sebagai loyang sewaktu memasak takoyaki.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tusuk besi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; dengan pegangan dari kayu/tusuk
sate : digunakan untuk membolak-balik adonan hingga menjadi bulat benar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tepung terigu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: gunakan tepung terigu protein
rendah agar hasilnya putih, lebih lunak dan gurih.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Konnyaku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: sejenis jelly yang kaya akan
serat. Digunakan sebagai variasi isi takoyaki.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Benishoga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: asinan jahe (sushi gari) yang
dicincang, digunakan untuk menambahkan citarasa pedas dan asam pada takoyaki.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Konbu/kombu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: ganggang laut (rumput laut) yang
berbentuk lembaran. Digunakan sebagai bahan dasar kaldu (dashi). Ada juga yang
berfungsi sebagai lapisan pana tarabagani sushi (capit kepiting besar).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tenkasu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: cereal berjenis rice crispy
berfungsi untuk menambah rasa krispi pada takoyaki.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Katsuo-bushi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: dibuat dari ikan cakalang. Ada 2
jenis yaitu bubuk dan lembaran serat berwarna kecoklatan. Digunakan untuk
pendamping pada masakan Jepang serta dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kaldu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Saus okonomiyaki&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;: saus yang digunakan untuk
okonomiyaki (jenis masakan teppanyaki) sebagai lauk biasanya berasa pedas
manis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tips membuat takoyaki&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Saat mencampur adonan, cukup diaduk hingga rata agar adonan tidak terlalu
mengembang sehingga didapatkan bentuk ideal yaitu bulat sebesar bola pingpong.&lt;br /&gt;
Pastikan cetakan takoyaki panas benar untuk membentuk tekstur yang bagus.&lt;br /&gt;
Konbu dapat diganti dengan rebusan kepala udang.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Resep Takoyaki (Octopus Balls)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bahan isi takoyaki :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Baby octopus (bayi gurita) 200 gram, rebus
dan cincang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tenkasu (rice crispy) secukupnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bahan adonan dasar takoyaki :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Air 400 ml&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Konbu 10 cm, potong selebar 2 cm&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Katsuo-bushi 15 gram&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tepung terigu protein rendah 200 gram&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Putih telur 4 butir&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kuning telur 2 butir&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Margarin 2 sendok makan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pendamping takoyaki :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bulldog saus 50 ml&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Saus inggris 25 ml&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mayones 50 gram&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Benishoga (acar jahe) secukupnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cara membuat adonan dasar takoyaki :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Masukkan konbu dalam panci, masak di atas
api kecil. Angkat beberapa saat sebelum air mendidih.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Campur katsuo-bushi dalam air rebusan
konbu sambil di aduk selama 2 menit. Saring dan dinginkan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Campur terigu, telur dan garam. Tuang air
kaldu, aduk hingga rata. Sisihkan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Cara membuat takoyaki :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tuang adonan takoyaki pada cetakan yang
sudah diolesi dengan margarin hingga penuh.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Taburi bagian atasnya dengan rice crispy
dan masukkan baby octopus (bayi gurita). Masak di atas api kecil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bila sudah setengah matang, balik adonan
dengan bantuan tusuk sate/ tusuk besi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Masak hingga berwarna kecoklatan. Angkat
dan sajikan bersama saus pendamping dan benishoga.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk 15 buah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/5462111864051552520/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/takoyaki.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/5462111864051552520'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/5462111864051552520'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/takoyaki.html' title='Takoyaki'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-2073087853976735594</id><published>2013-04-19T23:43:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2013-04-19T23:43:52.664+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>Civil Society</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Pengertian Masyarakat Sipil (&lt;i&gt;civil society&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Istilah &lt;i&gt;“civil society”&lt;/i&gt; masih menjadi perdebatan
baik secara terminologis maupun etimologis. Beberapa kalangan akademisi di &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Indonesia&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
menterjemahkan kata &lt;i&gt;“civil society”&lt;/i&gt; sebagai “masyarakat madani”
(Nurcholish Madjid, 1999; Dawam Rahardjo, 1999), “masyarakat warga” (Lembaga
Etika Atmajaya, 1997), dan “masyarakat sipil” (Mansour Fakih, 1996).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Harus diakui, konsep &lt;i&gt;civil society &lt;/i&gt;dipahami dari
perspektif yang berbeda-beda dan hal itu merupakan perkembangan yang dinamis
sesuai dengan konteks, &lt;i&gt;setting&lt;/i&gt;, ideologi dan kepentingan setiap subjek
(INCIS, 2002). Dalam pendekatan Hegelian, penekanannya lebih pada pentingnya
kelas menengah dan pemberdayaannya, khususnya pada sektor ekonomi, bagi
pembangunan &lt;i&gt;civil society &lt;/i&gt;yang kuat. Sementara itu dalam perspektif
Gramscian penguatan&lt;i&gt; civil society &lt;/i&gt;sebagai alat untuk menghadapi hegemoni
ideologi negara. &lt;i&gt;Civil society &lt;/i&gt;adalah sebuah arena tempat para
intelektual organik dapat menjadi kuat yang tujuannya adalah mendukung upaya
melakukan perlawanan terhadap hegemoni negara. Dalam pendekatan Tocquevellian,
penguatan &lt;i&gt;civil society &lt;/i&gt;lebih menekankan pada penguatan
organisasi-organisasi dan asosiasi independen dalam masyarakat dan melakukan
inkubasi budaya keadaban (&lt;i&gt;civic culture&lt;/i&gt;) untuk membangun jiwa demokrasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Terlepas dari beragamnya pendekatan dalam memahami &lt;i&gt;civil
society&lt;/i&gt;, sepertinya relevan untuk mengemukakan definisi&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;civil society &lt;/i&gt;menurut Alfred Stepan
(1988) :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;... &lt;i&gt;arena where manifold social movement (such as
neighborhood associations, women’s groups, religious groupings, and
intellectual currents) and civic organization from all classes (such as
lawyers, journalist, trade union, and enterpreneurs) attempt to constitute
themselves in an ensemble of arrangements so that they can express themselves
and advance their interest.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dari definisi Stepan ini, sesungguhnya secara eksplisit
mengisyaratkan bahwa &lt;i&gt;civil society &lt;/i&gt;bukan sekedar arena di luar negara
yang berusaha untuk mengartikulasikan kepentingan mereka, tetapi juga ada
kesadaran secara horizontal dari kelompok masyarakat untuk menghimpun dirinya
dalam asosiasi dan organisasi sukarela bekerjasama dalam bingkai keteraturan (&lt;i&gt;ensemble
of arrangement&lt;/i&gt;). Hal ini dikemukakan pula oleh AS. Hikam (1996), bahwa &lt;i&gt;civil
society &lt;/i&gt;adalah wilayah-wilayah kehidupan sosial yang terorganisasi dan
bercirikan antara lain: kesukarelaan (voluntary), keswasembadaan
(self-supporting), kemandirian tinggi “berhadapan” dengan negara, dan
keterikatan tinggi dengan norma-norma atau nilai-nilai hukum yang diikuti
warganya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/2073087853976735594/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/civil-society.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2073087853976735594'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2073087853976735594'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/civil-society.html' title='Civil Society'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-1331176604157443922</id><published>2013-04-19T23:40:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2013-04-19T23:41:56.710+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>Perbedaan fertilitas di kota dan desa</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Pada umumnya tingkat fertilitas di daerah pedesaan lebih
besar daripada di daerah perkotaan. Hal ini di kemukakan berdasarkan tinjauan
dari berbagai aspek dan variabel, diantaranya adalah aspek pendidikan, tingkat
mortalitas anak dll&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQi9WwskaHBv01QBn-jv_sB4c0yGQyiBTVg73uWet6uh5otm0hWeWeuZa30M92lIlexds_Xq0TsoVbrMJq0-EMRTDIDQASbA65BZtx2CdBsOULx8I3tfcJKwtTG62_HRv41_Q1uC3jGOhz/s1600/fertilitas.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;140&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQi9WwskaHBv01QBn-jv_sB4c0yGQyiBTVg73uWet6uh5otm0hWeWeuZa30M92lIlexds_Xq0TsoVbrMJq0-EMRTDIDQASbA65BZtx2CdBsOULx8I3tfcJKwtTG62_HRv41_Q1uC3jGOhz/s200/fertilitas.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Perbedaan karena pendidikan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Umumnya wanita di daerah pedesaan berpendidikan rendah&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Karena lingkungan berpendidikan rendah maka cenderung
keinginan memiliki anak lebih tinggi dari di kota&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Perbedaan karena mortalitas anak&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Di daerah desa pelayanan fasilitas kesehatan terbatas
sehingga kemungkinan kematian bayi atau anak semakin tinggi sehingga cenderung
untuk memiliki banyak anak sebagai penanggulangan maslah tersebut&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Perbedaan karena umur kawin pertama&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Didaerah pedesaan umumnya menikah diusia muda sehingga
peluang wanita untuk melahirkan setelah tahun pertama lebih besar dari daerah
kota&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Perbedaan Lingkungan tempat tinggal&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Menurut teori transisi, penurunan fertilitas terlebih dahulu
terjadi di kota dan berlanjut perlahan ke daerah desa&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Perbedaan pendapatan&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Di desa dengan pendapatan kecil akan mendorong mempunyai
banyak anak, karena banyakk anak banyak rezeki&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Perbedaan kontrasepsi&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Pengetahuan masyarakat desa yang kurang mengetahui dengan
alat kontrasepsi sehingga fertilitas di desa lebih tinggi&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/1331176604157443922/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/perbedaan-fertilitas-di-kota-dan-desa.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/1331176604157443922'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/1331176604157443922'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/04/perbedaan-fertilitas-di-kota-dan-desa.html' title='Perbedaan fertilitas di kota dan desa'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQi9WwskaHBv01QBn-jv_sB4c0yGQyiBTVg73uWet6uh5otm0hWeWeuZa30M92lIlexds_Xq0TsoVbrMJq0-EMRTDIDQASbA65BZtx2CdBsOULx8I3tfcJKwtTG62_HRv41_Q1uC3jGOhz/s72-c/fertilitas.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-231840084180877101</id><published>2013-03-12T18:12:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2013-03-12T18:12:41.724+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Perbedaan  antara pengumpulan informasi ilmiah dengan statistika inferensial</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Perbedaan
nyata antara pengumpulan informasi ilmiah dengan &lt;i&gt;statistika inferensial.&lt;/i&gt; Statistika inferensial telah menghasilkan
sejumalah alat bantu analitis yang memungkinkan para ahli teknik dan ilmuwan
untuk lebih memahami sistem sistem yang menghasilkan data tersebut. Hal ini
mencerminkan&amp;nbsp; sifat sebenarnya dari ilmu
pengetahuan yang kita sebut sebagai statistik inferensial, yaitu stattistik
yang menggunakan teknik teknik yang memungkinkan kita untuk tidak sekedar
melaporkan data, tetapi bahkan memungkinkan kita menarik sebuah kesimpulan
(inferensia) tentang sistem ilmiah. Para statistisi menggunakan hukum dasar
probabilita dan iinferensi statistik untuk menarik kesimpulan dari sistem
ilmiah. Informasi dikumpulkan dalam bentuk &lt;b&gt;sampel&lt;/b&gt;,
atauu kumpulan pengamatan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sampel
dikumpulkan dari populasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari semua individu dari
suatu jenis tertentu. Kadang kadang suatu populasi menandai suatu sistem
ilmiah. Sangat penting untuk mengumpulkan data saintifik secara sistematis,
dengan perencanaan yang matang pada agenda. Kadang kadang perencanaan, karena
keharusan sangat terbatas. Seorang ahli teknik mungkin perlu mengkaji efek
keadaan proses, suhu, kelembapan, jumlah komposisi tertentu dan lain lain pada
keluaran produk. Secara sistematis ia dapat memindahkan faktor faktor in
ketingkat manapun yang disarankan sesuai dengan resep apa saja atau &lt;b&gt;design percobaan &lt;/b&gt;yang diinginkan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/231840084180877101/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/03/perbedaan-antara-pengumpulan-informasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/231840084180877101'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/231840084180877101'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/03/perbedaan-antara-pengumpulan-informasi.html' title='Perbedaan  antara pengumpulan informasi ilmiah dengan statistika inferensial'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-6532311303184450763</id><published>2013-03-12T18:09:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2013-03-12T18:09:14.162+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Serba INDONESIA"/><title type='text'>SEJARAH LAHIR DAN PERKEMBANGAN KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;SEJARAH LAHIR DAN PERKEMBANGAN
KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Para pendiri Negara Kesatuan Republik
Indonesia telah sepakat utntuk menyusun sebuah Undang-Undang Dasar sebagai
konstitusi tertulis dengan segala arti dan fungsinya. Sehari setelah proklamasi
kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia pada 17 Agustus 1945, konstitusi Indonesia
sebagai sesuatu&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;”revolusi grondwet”&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;telah disahkan pada 18
Agustus 1945 oleh panitia persiapan kemerdekaan Indonesia dalam sebuah naskah
yang dinamakan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia. Dengan demikian,
sekalipun Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 itu merupakan konstitusi yang sangat singkat
dan hanya memuat 37 pasal namun ketiga materi muatan konstitusi yang harus ada
menurut ketentuan umum teori konstitusi telah terpenuhi dalam Undang-Undang
Dasar 1945 tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pada dasarnya
kemungkinan untuk mengadakan perubahan atau penyesuaian itu memang sudah
dilihat oleh para penyusun UUD 1945 itu sendiri, dengan merumuskan dan melalui
pasal 37 UUD 1945 tentang perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar. Dan apabila MPR
bermaksud akan mengubah UUD melalui pasal 37 UUD 1945 , sebelumnya hal itu
harus ditanyakan lebih dahulu kepada seluruh Rakyat Indonesia melalui suatu
referendum.(Tap no.1/ MPR/1983 pasal 105-109 jo. Tap no.IV/MPR/1983 tentang
referendum)&lt;sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;sdfootnote4anc&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Perubahan UUD 1945
kemudian dilakukan secara bertahap dan menjadi salah satu agenda sidang Tahunan
MPR&lt;a href=&quot;&quot; name=&quot;sdfootnote5anc&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dari tahun 1999 hingga perubahan ke empat
pada sidang tahunan MPR tahun 2002 bersamaan dengan kesepakatan dibentuknya
komisi konstitusi yang bertugas melakukan pengkajian secara komperhensif
tentang perubahan UUD 1945 berdasarkan ketetapan MPR No. I/MPR/2002 tentang
pembentukan komisi Konstitusi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dalam sejarah
perkembangan ketatanegaraan Indonesia ada empat macam Undang-Undang yang pernah
berlaku, yaitu :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Periode 18 Agustus 1945 – 27 Desember 1949&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Penetapan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Saat Republik
Indonesia diproklamasikan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, Republik yang baru ini
belum mempunyai undang-undang dasar. Sehari kemudian pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945
Rancangan Undang-Undang disahkan oleh PPKI sebagai Undang-Undang Dasar Republik
Indonesia setelah mengalami beberapa proses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Periode 27 Desember 1949 – 17 Agustus 1950&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Penetapan konstitusi Republik Indonesia
Serikat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Perjalanan negara baru
Republik Indonesia ternyata tidak luput dari rongrongan pihak Belanda yang
menginginkan untuk kembali berkuasa di Indonesia. Akibatnya Belanda mencoba
untuk mendirikan negara-negara seperti negara Sumatera Timur, negara Indonesia
Timur, negara Jawa Timur, dan sebagainya. Sejalan dengan usaha Belanda tersebut
maka terjadilah agresi Belanda 1 pada tahun 1947 dan agresi 2 pada tahun 1948.
Dan ini mengakibatkan diadakannya KMB yang melahirkan negara Republik Indonesia
Serikat. Sehingga UUD yang seharusnya berlaku untuk seluruh negara Indonesia
itu, hanya berlaku untuk negara Republik Indonesia Serikat saja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Periode 17 Agustus 1950 – 5 Juli 1959&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Penetapan Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara
1950)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Periode federal dari
Undang-undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Serikat 1949 merupakan perubahan
sementara, karena sesungguhnya bangsa Indonesia sejak 17 Agustus 1945
menghendaki sifat kesatuan, maka negara Republik Indonesia Serikat tidak
bertahan lama karena terjadinya penggabungan dengan Republik Indonesia. Hal ini
mengakibatkan wibawa dari pemerintah Republik Indonesia Serikat menjadi
berkurang, akhirnya dicapailah kata sepakat untuk mendirikan kembali Negara
Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Bagi negara kesatuan yang akan didirikan jelas
perlu adanya suatu undang-undang dasar yang baru dan untuk itu dibentuklah
suatu panitia bersama yang menyusun suatu rancangan undang-undang dasar yang
kemudian disahkan pada tanggal 12 Agustus 1950 oleh badan pekerja komite
nasional pusat dan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan senat Republik Indonesia
Serikat pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1950 dan berlakulah undang-undang dasar baru
itu pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1950.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Periode 5 Juli 1959 – sekarang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Penetapan berlakunya kembali
Undang-Undang Dasar 1945)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dengan dekrit Presiden
5 Juli 1959 berlakulah kembali Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Dan perubahan Majelis
Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara Orde Lama pada masa 1959-1965 menjadi Majelis
Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara Orde Baru. Perubahan itu dilakukan karena
Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara Orde Lama dianggap kurang mencerminkan
pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 secara murni dan konsekuen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;PERUBAHAN KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dalam Perubahan IV UUD 1945 diatur
tentang tata cara perubahan undang-undang. Bersandar pada pasal 37 UUD 1945
menyatakan bahwa :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Usul perubahan pasal-pasal undang-undang dasar dapat diagendakan dalam
sidang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat apabila diajukan oleh sekurang-kurangnya
1/3 dari jumlah anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Setiap usul perubahan pasal-pasal undang-undang dasar diajukan secara
tertuli sdan ditunjukkan dengan jelas bagian yang diusulkan untuk diubah
beserta alasannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Untuk mengubah pasal-pasal Undang-Undang dasar, sidang Mejlis
Permusyawaratan Rakyat dihadiri oleh sekurang kurangnya dilakukan 2/3 dari
jumlah anggota majlis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Putusan untukmengubah pasal-pasal Undang-undang Dasar dilakukan dengan
persetujuan skurang-kurangnya lima puluh persen di tambah satu anggota dari
seluruh anggota Majlis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Perubahan-perubahan UUD :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar 1945 (18 Agustus 1945-27 Desember 1949).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Serikat (27 Desember 1949-17 Agustus 1950).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar Sementara Republik Indonesia 1950 (17 Agustus 1950-5
Juli 1959).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar 1945 (5 Juli 1959-19 Oktober 1999).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar 1945 dan Perubahan I (19 Oktober 1999-18 Agustus 2000).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar 1945 dan Perubahan I dan II (18 Agustus 2000-9 November
2001).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar 1945 dan Perubahan I,II danIII ( 9 November 2001-10
Agustus 2002).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Undang-undang Dasar 1945 dan Perubahan I, II, III dan IV (10 Agustus 2002).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI PIRANTI DEMOKRATIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Konstitusi yang dapat
dikatakan demokratis mengandung prinsip-prinsip dasar demokrasi dalam kehidupan
bernegara, yaitu :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Menetapkan warga negara sebagai sumber utama kedaulatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Mayoritas berkuasa dan terjaminnya hak minoritas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Adanya jaminan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak individu warga negara dan
penduduk negara, sehingga dengan demikian entitas kolektif, tidak dengan
sendirinya menghilangkan hak-hak dasar orang perorang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pembatasan pemerintahan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Adanya jaminan terhadap keutuhan negara nasional dan integritas wilayah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Adanya jaminan keterlibatan rakyat dalam proses bernegara melalui pemilihan
umum dan bebas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Adanya jaminan berlakunya hukum dan keadilan melalui proses peradilan yang
independen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pembatasan dan pemisahan kekuasaan negara yang meliputi :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;©&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pemisahan wewenang kekuasaan berdasarkan trias politika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;©&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kontrol dan keseimbangan lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;LEMBAGA KENEGARAAN PASCA AMANDEMEN UUD
1945&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;★&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Lembaga Legislatif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;★&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Lembga Eksekutif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;★&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Lembaga Yudikatif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;★&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Badan Pemeriksa
Keuangan (BPK)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f8eeff; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;TATA URUTAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN INDONESIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;I.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Ketetapan MPRS NO. XX/MPRS/1966 lampiran 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Undang-undang
Dasar 1945.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ketetapan
MPR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Undang-undang
atau peraturan pemerintah pengganti undang-undang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Peraturan
pemerintah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Keputusan presiden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;6.&amp;nbsp; Peraturan-peraturan
pelaksananya, seperti:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Peraturan
Menteri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b.&amp;nbsp; Instrukti
Menteri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Dan
lain-lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 22.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;II.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ketetapan MPR NO. III/2000 :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;Undang-undang Dasar 1945.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;Ketetapan Majelis
permusyawaratan rakyat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;Undang-undang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti
Undang-undang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan pemerintah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;6.&amp;nbsp;Keputusan presiden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;7.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan daerah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;III.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;UU No. 10/2004 tentang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan (PPP) :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;Undang-undang Dasar 1945.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;Undang-undang /peraturan
pemerintah pengganti undang-undang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan pemerintah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan Presiden.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan daerah yang meliputi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;a.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan
Daerah Propinsi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;b.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan
Daerah Kabupaten/Kota.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F8EEFF; line-height: 23.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;c.&amp;nbsp;Peraturan Desa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/6532311303184450763/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/03/sejarah-lahir-dan-perkembangan_12.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/6532311303184450763'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/6532311303184450763'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/03/sejarah-lahir-dan-perkembangan_12.html' title='SEJARAH LAHIR DAN PERKEMBANGAN KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-4369235749322603756</id><published>2013-02-06T14:31:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2013-02-06T14:31:03.023+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>TEORI INVESTASI</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;TEORI INVESTASI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Investasi Dalam Konteks Ekonomi Makro&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Investasi merupakan konsep aliran karena besarnya dihitung selama satu
interval periode tertentu. Tetapi investasi akan mempengaruhi jumlah barang
modal yang tersedia pada satu periode tertentu. Tambahan stok barang modal
adalah sebesar pengeluaran investasi satu periode sebelumnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Investasi dalam bentuk barang modal dan bangunan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Merupakan pengeluaran – pengeluaran untuk membeli pabrik – pabrik, mesin
– mesin, peralatan – peralatan produksi dan bangunan gedung yang baru.Karena
umurnya biasanya diatas setahun biasanya disebut investasi dalam bentuk harga
tetap (fixed investment)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Investasi Persediaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selain barang jadi, investasi dalam bentuk persediaan bisa juga
dilakukan dalam bentuk persediaan bahan baku dan barang setengah jadi / sedang
dalam proses penyelesaian. Tujuan kebijaksanaan persediaan ini juga tetap dalam
konteks meningkatkan pendapatan atau keuntungan di masa depan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nilai Waktu dari Uang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tahukah anda bahwa nilai uang yang sekarang tidak akan
sama dengan nilai di masa depan. Ini berarti uang yang saat ini kita pegang
lebih berharga nilainya dibandingkan dengan nilainya nanti di masa mendatang.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Coba bayangkan ketika anda memiliki uang satu juta rupiah
di tahun 1970. Dengan uang sebesar itu anda sudah bisa hidup mewah bagaikan
milyuner di masa kini. Tahun 1990 uang satu juta sudah mengalami penurunan
namun nilai wah dari uang satu juta masih termasuk lumayan dan dapat menghidupi
keluarga secara wajar. Namun uang satu juta di masa sekarang jelas sudah tidak
ada apa-apanya. Orang yang kaya di jaman dulu disebut juga dengan sebutan jutawan,
namun kini sebutan tersebut perlahan menghilang dan digantikan dengan sebutan
milyuner.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jika kita melakukan investasi, maka konsep nilai waktu
uang harus benar-benar dipahami dan dimengerti sedalam mungkin. Jangan sampai
kita tertipu oleh angka-angka yang fantastis, namun di balik angka yang besar
itu kenyataannya justru kerugian yang kita dapatkan. Contoh kasusnya adalah
jika kita berinvestasi 10 juta rupiah untuk jangka waktu 20 tahun dengan total
pengembalian atau return sebesar 50 juta rupiah. Jika kita lihat dari nilai
sekarang 50 juta adalah angka yang fantastis dibandingkan dengan 10 juta. Namun
setelah 20 tahun berikutnya belum tentu nilai 50 juta lebih baik dibandingkan
dengan nilai 10 juta saat ini.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1. Rumus Nilai Masa Depan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;FV = Po (1 + r) ^n&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Keteragan :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;FV = Future Value / Nilai Mendatang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Po = Arus Kas Awal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;r = Rate / Tingkat Bunga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;^n = Tahun Ke-n (dibaca dan dihitung pangkat n)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Contoh : Jika kita menabung 1 juta rupiah dengan bunga 10% maka setelah
satu tahun kita akan mendapat :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;FV = 1.000.000 (1 + 0,1) ^1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;FV = 1.100.000 rupiah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2. Rumus Nilai Sekarang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PV = Fn / (1 + r) ^n&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Keterangan :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PV = Present Value / Nilai Sekarang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Fn = Arus kas pada tahun ke-n&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;r = Rate / Tingkat bunga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;^n = Tahun Ke-n (dibaca dan dihitung pangkat n)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Contoh : Jika di masa yang akan datang kita akan punya saldo sebesar 1,1
juta hasil berinvestasi selama satu tahun, maka uang kita saat ini adalah
sebesar :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PV = 1.100.000 / (1 + 0,1) ^1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PV = 1.000.000 rupiah&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tambahan :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1 / (1 + r) ^n disebut juga sebagai discount factor&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kriteria Investasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kriteria untuk
menentukan kelayakan suatu investasi adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Payback Period (PP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teknik penilaian
terhadap jangka waktu (period) pengembalian investasi proyek atau usaha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ada 2 Model perhitungan
PP :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a. Apabila kas bersih
setiap tahun sama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PP =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Investasi&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;X 12 bulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kas bersih / tahun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b. Apabila kas bersih
setiap tahun berbeda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PP =&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;Sisa Investasi&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; X 12 bulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Kas bersih sesudahnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk menilai usaha
layak diterima atau tidak dari segi PP, maka hasil perhitungan tersebut harus
sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;PP sekarang lebih kecil dari umur investasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;Dengan membandingkan rata – rata industri unit usaha
     sejenis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;Sesuai dengan target perusahaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kelemahan metode ini :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;a&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;Mengabaikan time value of money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;Tidak mempertimbangkan arus kas yang terjadi setelah
     masa pengembalian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Average Rate of Return (ARR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mengukur rata – rata
pengembalian bunga dengan cara membandingkan antara rata – rata laba setelah
pajak (EAT) dengan rata – rata investasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rumus menghitung ARR
sbb:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;ARR % = &lt;u&gt;Rata – rata
EAT&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Rata – rata investasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rata – rata EAT = &lt;u&gt;Total
EAT&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Umur ekonomis (n)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rata – rata investasi = &lt;u&gt;Investasi&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Net Present Value (NPV)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Nilai bersih sekarang
merupakan perbandingan antara PV Kas Bersih (PV of proceed) denhgan PV
investasi (capital outlays) selama investasi. Selisih antara kedua PV
tersebutlah yang kita kenal Net Present Value (NPV)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rumus :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;NPV = &lt;u&gt;Kas bersih 1&lt;/u&gt;
+ &lt;u&gt;Kas bersih 2&lt;/u&gt; +...+ &lt;u&gt;Kas bersih N&lt;/u&gt; - Investasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1+r)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (1+r)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
(1+r)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Setelah memperoleh hasil
yang dengan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;NPV positif, maka
investasi diterima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;NPV negatif,sebaiknya
investasi ditolak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Internal Rate of Return (IRR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Alat untuk mengukur tingkat
pengembalian hasil intern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rumus = P1 – C1 X &lt;u&gt;P2
– P1&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C2 – C1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dimana: P1 tingkat bunga
1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; P2 tingkat bunga 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C1 NPV1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C2 NPV2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Apabila IRR lebih besar
dari bunga pinjaman maka diterima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Apabila IRR lebih kecil
dari bunga pinjaman maka ditolak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0cm;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Profitability Index (PI)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Profitability index atau
benefit and cost ratio merupakan rasio aktifitas dari jumlah nilai sekarang
penerimaan bersih dengan nilai sekarang penerimaan bersih dengan nilai sekarang
pengeluaran investasi selama umur investasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rumus : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PI = &lt;u&gt;∑ PV kas bersih&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; X 100 %&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ∑ PV investasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Faktor – faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Investasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sebagai sebuah keputusan yang rasional, investasi sangat
ditentukan oleh dua faktor utama, yaitu tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan
dan biaya investasi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan (Expected Rate of Return)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kondisi Internal Perusahaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kondisi Eksternal Perusahaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Biaya Investasi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/4369235749322603756/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/02/teori-investasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/4369235749322603756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/4369235749322603756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/02/teori-investasi.html' title='TEORI INVESTASI'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-5456584168540802750</id><published>2013-02-06T14:29:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2013-02-06T14:29:19.981+07:00</updated><title type='text'>TEORI KONSUMSI</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;TEORI KONSUMSI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pengeluaran konsumsi terdiri atas konsumsi pemerintah dan konsumsi rumah
tangga. Untuk saat ini yang akan dibahas hanya konsumsi rumah tangga karena :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pengeluaran konsumsi rumah tangga memiliki
porsi terbesar dalam total pengeluaran agregat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ø&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Konsumsi rumah tangga bersifat endogenus,
artinya besarnya konsumsi rumah tangga berkaitan erat dengan faktor – faktor
lain yang dianggap mempengaruhinya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Teori Keynes (Keynesia Consumption Model)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Hubungan Pendapatan Disposabel dan Konsumsi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menurut Keynes, ada batas konsumsi minimal yang tidak tergantung tingkat
pendapatan. Artinya, tingkat konsumsi tersebut harus dipenuhi,walaupun tingkat
pendapatan sama dengan nol. Itulah yang disebut dengan konsumsi otonomus.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;C ; Co + b Yd&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dimana :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;C&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : konsumsi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Co&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : konsumsi otonomus&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : marginal propensity to
consume (MPC)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yd&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : pendapatan disposable&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;0 ≤ b ≤ 1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kecenderungan Mengonsumsi Marjinal (Marginal Prospensity to Consume)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;MPC adalah konsep yang memberikan gambaran tentang beberapa konsumsi
akan bertambah bila pendapatan disposable bertambah satu unit.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;MPC &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[if gte msEquation 12]&gt;&lt;m:oMath&gt;&lt;m:f&gt;&lt;m:fPr&gt;&lt;span
   style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
   font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;;
   mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
   color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:fPr&gt;&lt;m:num&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;∂C&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:num&gt;&lt;m:den&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;∂Yd&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:den&gt;&lt;/m:f&gt;&lt;/m:oMath&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !msEquation]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shapetype coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:formulas&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;
  &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;
 &lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;
 &lt;v:path gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;
 &lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 23.25pt; width: 16.5pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata chromakey=&quot;white&quot; o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kecenderungan Mengonsumsi Rata – rata (Average Propensity to Consume)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;APC adalah rasio antara konsumsi total dengan pendapatan disposable
total.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;APC = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[if gte msEquation 12]&gt;&lt;m:oMath&gt;&lt;m:f&gt;&lt;m:fPr&gt;&lt;span
   style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
   font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;;
   mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
   color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:fPr&gt;&lt;m:num&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;C&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:num&gt;&lt;m:den&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;Yd&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:den&gt;&lt;/m:f&gt;&lt;/m:oMath&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !msEquation]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 22.5pt; width: 11.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata chromakey=&quot;white&quot; o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;d.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Hubungan Konsumsi dan Tabungan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan disposable yang diterima rumah tangga sebagian besar
digunakan untuk konsumsi,sedangkan sisanya untuk ditabung.Dengan demikian kita
dapat menyatakan : &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yd &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : C + S&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte msEquation 12]&gt;&lt;m:oMath&gt;&lt;m:f&gt;&lt;m:fPr&gt;&lt;span
   style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
   font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;;
   mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
   color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:fPr&gt;&lt;m:num&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;Yd&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:num&gt;&lt;m:den&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;Yd&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:den&gt;&lt;/m:f&gt;&lt;/m:oMath&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !msEquation]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 22.5pt; width: 11.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata chromakey=&quot;white&quot; o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[if gte msEquation 12]&gt;&lt;m:oMath&gt;&lt;m:f&gt;&lt;m:fPr&gt;&lt;span
   style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
   font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;;
   mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
   mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
   color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:fPr&gt;&lt;m:num&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;C&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:num&gt;&lt;m:den&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;Yd&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:den&gt;&lt;/m:f&gt;&lt;/m:oMath&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !msEquation]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 22.5pt; width: 11.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata chromakey=&quot;white&quot; o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;+ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[if gte msEquation 12]&gt;&lt;m:oMath&gt;&lt;m:f&gt;&lt;m:fPr&gt;&lt;span
   style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
   font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;;
   mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
   mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
   color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/m:ctrlPr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/m:fPr&gt;&lt;m:num&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;S&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:num&gt;&lt;m:den&gt;&lt;i
   style=&#39;mso-bidi-font-style:normal&#39;&gt;&lt;span lang=EN-US style=&#39;font-size:12.0pt;
   line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:
   &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;
   mso-themecolor:text1&#39;&gt;&lt;m:r&gt;Yd&lt;/m:r&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/m:den&gt;&lt;/m:f&gt;&lt;/m:oMath&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !msEquation]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;height: 22.5pt; width: 11.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
 &lt;v:imagedata chromakey=&quot;white&quot; o:title=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\Asus\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png&quot;&gt;
&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : APC + APC &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Faktor – faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Konsumsi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;v&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Faktor – faktor Ekonomi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Empat faktor ekonomi yang menentukan tingkat konsumsi adalah :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan rumah tangga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kekayaan rumah tangga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jumlah barang – barang konsumsi tahan lama dalam masyarakat&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tingkat bunga&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;5)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Perkiraan tentang masa depan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;6)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kebijakan pemerintah mengurangi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;v&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Faktor – faktor Demografi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yang tercakup dalam faktor – faktor kependudukan adalah :&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jumlah penduduk&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Komposisi Penduduk&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;v&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Faktor – faktor Non-Ekonomi&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Faktor – faktor nonekonomi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi
adalah faktor social-budaya masyarakat.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/5456584168540802750/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/02/teori-konsumsi.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/5456584168540802750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/5456584168540802750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/02/teori-konsumsi.html' title='TEORI KONSUMSI'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-7981372804897496361</id><published>2013-01-12T01:25:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2013-01-12T01:25:16.108+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>Critical Reading</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;
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&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;
  &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;
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  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;
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   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;
   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;What
is &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;documentdescription&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Study guide &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;opening&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Critical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g is an important precursor &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;tocritical&lt;/span&gt; writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g. This Study Guide expla&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;s &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;whycritical&lt;/span&gt;
read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g is important, and gives some
ideas about how you might &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;come a
more &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; reader. Other Study
Guides you may f&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;d useful are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/careers/ld/resources/writing/writing-resources/critical-writing&quot; title=&quot;Critical writing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;What is &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt;
writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/careers/ld/resources/writing/grammar/grammar-guides/paras&quot; title=&quot;Using paragraphs&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Us&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g paragraphs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/careers/ld/resources/writing/writing-resources/editing&quot; title=&quot;The art of editing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The art of edit&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;What is &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt;
read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The most
characteristic features of &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt;
read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g are that you will:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;exam&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;e the evidence or arguments
     presented;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;check
     out any &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;fluences on the
     evidence or arguments;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;check
     out the limitations of study design or focus;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;exam&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;e the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretations made; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;decide&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; what extent you are prepared &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; accept the authors’ arguments, op&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ions, or conclusions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Whydoweneedto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; take a &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; approach &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Regardless
of how objective, technical, or scientific the subject matter, the author(s) will
have made many decisions dur&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g the
research and writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g process, and each
of these decisions is a potential &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;pic
for exam&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ation and debate, rather
than for bl&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;d acceptance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;You
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needtobe&lt;/span&gt; prepared &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; step &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;into&lt;/span&gt;
the academic debate and &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; make your
own evaluation of how much you are will&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; accept what you read.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A
practical start&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g po&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;t therefore, is &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; consider anyth&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g you read not as fact, but as the
argument of the writer. Tak&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g this
start&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g po&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;t you will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; ready &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;
engage &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;incritical&lt;/span&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Critical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;es
not have &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;tobe&lt;/span&gt; all negative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The
aim of &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g is not &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; f&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;d
fault, but &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; assess the strength of
the evidence and the argument. It is just as useful &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; conclude that a study, or an article,
presents very strong evidence and a &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;ll-reasoned
argument, as it is &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; identify the
studies or articles that are &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;ak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Evidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Depend&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g on the k&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;d of writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g it is, and the discipl&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;e &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;
which it sits, different k&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ds of
evidence will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; presented for you &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; exam&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;e.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;At
the technical and scientific end of the spectrum, relevant evidence may &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;clude &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;formation
on: measurements, tim&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g, equipment,
control of extraneous fac&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;rs, and
careful follow&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g of standard procedures.
Specific guidance will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; available
with&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; specialties on what &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; look for.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;At
the other end of the spectrum is writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g
where there is clearer scope for personal &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretation,
for example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;analysis
     of &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;dividuals’ experiences of
     healthcare;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     translation of a text from a foreign language; or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     identification and analysis of a range of themes &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; a novel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;In&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; these cases the
evidence may &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;clude items such as
quotes from &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terviews, extracts of
text, and diagrams show&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g how themes
might connect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The
nature of the evidence presented at these two extremes is different, but &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; both cases you &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needto&lt;/span&gt; look for the rationale for the
selection and &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretation of the
evidence presented, and the rationale for the construction of the argument.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Broaden&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g the def&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ition of evidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;This
Study Guide takes a broad view of evidence: it ma&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ta&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;s
that all that you read can &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;
considered as evidence, not purely the actual data collected/presented. This
encompasses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     report of the context with&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;
     which the data &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;re collected or
     created;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     choice of the method for data collection or selection;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     audit trail for the analysis of the data i.e.: the decisions made and the
     steps &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; the analysis process;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     rationale for the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretations
     made and the conclusions drawn;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;the
     relevance of, and the use made of the theoretical perspective, ideology,
     or philosophy that is underp&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;n&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g the argument.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;L&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;k&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g evidence &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; argument&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;On
its own, evidence cannot contribute &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;
academic debate. The &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretation
and presentation of that evidence with&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;
an argument allows the evidence &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;
make a contribution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;The
term ‘argument’ &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; this context means
the carefully constructed rationale for the enquiry, and for the place of its
results with&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; the academic arena. It
will expla&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; for example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
     the authors considered that what they did was worth &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;doin&lt;/span&gt;g;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
     it was worth &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;doin&lt;/span&gt;g &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; that particular way;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
     the data collected, or the material selected, &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;re the most appropriate;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;how
     the conclusions drawn l&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;k &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; the wider context of their enquiry. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Even
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; the most technical and scientific
discipl&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;es, the presentation of
argument will always &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;volve elements
that can &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; exam&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ed and questioned. For example, you could
ask:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
     did the writer select that particular &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;pic
     of enquiry &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; the first place? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
     did the writer decide &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; use that
     particular metho&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;logy, choose
     that specific method, and conduct the work &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; that way? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Why&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;
     did the writer select that particular process of analysis?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Note tak&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;As
you read, it can &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; helpful &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; use a table &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; record the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;formation that you know you will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;need&lt;/span&gt; later. &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;In&lt;/span&gt; addition &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; the usual bibliographical details, you
can devise your own list of extra &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;formation
you want &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; collect at the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;itial read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g stage. Some suggestions are given &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;low.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Two
important po&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ts about us&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g such tables are:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;it is essential that you devise
     your own list of &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;formation &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; collect from each source, based on
     what you know you will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needto&lt;/span&gt;
     comment upon; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;realistically, it is probably &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;st not &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; try &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; collect this &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;formation from every s&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;gle source you use, only from those
     you decide &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; refer &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;toin&lt;/span&gt; your report or assignment.
     Otherwise it could really slow &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;wn
     your background read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g, and
     result &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; the collection of a
     mass of material that you never use.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Descriptive details you may want &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; record about sources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sett&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Type
  of data &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sample
  size&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Use
  of theory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sample
  profile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Equipment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Follow
  up&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Style
  of writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Statistics
  used&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 5;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sources
  of bias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 6;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Questions
  raised&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Limitations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Ma&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; arguments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;In&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;tended
  audience&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Some &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretative
questions you may &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needto&lt;/span&gt; ask about
sources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;These
are questions that &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;need&lt;/span&gt; more &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;put from you as the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; reader. You will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needto&lt;/span&gt; make judgements about your ans&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;rs, and will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needto&lt;/span&gt; record the reasons for your ans&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;rs. This list is a mix of arts and
science-based questions, as there are several areas of common &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;How
     &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;ll-developed are the themes or
     arguments?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Did
     the theoretical perspective used &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;troduce
     any potential bias?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Are
     you conv&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ced by the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;terpretations presented?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Are
     the conclusions supported firmly by the preced&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g argument?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;How
     appropriate are the comparisons that are used?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Did
     the response options, or measurement categories or techniques used affect
     the data that &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;re collected?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Have
     any ethical considerations &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;en
     adequately addressed?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;If
you take a &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; approach right
from the start of your read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g and
note tak&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g, it can save a lot of time
later on. When you come &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; write your
assignment or thesis, you will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needto&lt;/span&gt;
comment on the validity of the writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g
that you refer &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;. So, if you have
kept a systematic record of the results of your &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;critical&lt;/span&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g, you will &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; able &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;
refer &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; it easily. If you have not,
you will f&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;d yourself wast&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g a lot of time re-read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g material, and re-review&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g the evidence presented.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Helpful guidance from other sources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;There
are many sources of guidance on how &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;
engage &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;incritical&lt;/span&gt; read&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g: some are &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; books on general study skills; others are
on the &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;ternet. Chapter 10 of the
‘Study Skills Handbook’ by Stella Cottrell (2003) Bas&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;gs&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;ke:
Palgrave Macmillan, is particularly recommended. The follow&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g questions are based on material from
that chapter:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;es
     the writ&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g assume a causal
     connection when there may not &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;
     one?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Are
     general conclusions drawn based on only a few examples?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Are
     &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;appropriate comparisons &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;bein&lt;/span&gt;g made?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Might
     there &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;be&lt;/span&gt; other explanations apart
     from the one proposed?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Are
     there any hidden assumptions that &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;needtobe&lt;/span&gt;
     questioned?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Is
     enough evidence presented &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;
     allow readers &lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; draw their own
     conclusions?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;es
     the l&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;e of reason&lt;span class=&quot;highlightedsearchterm&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;g make sense?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: .75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;==================================================&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;www.services.unimelb.edu.au/asu/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;What is critical thinking?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Critical thinking is the central intellectual skill that a
tertiary education seeks to develop in students. It involves taking an attitude
of &lt;b&gt;reflective skepticism&lt;/b&gt;towards what we read and what people tell us.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;“&lt;b&gt;Reflective&lt;/b&gt;” means thinking seriously about what we have
read or heard; “&lt;b&gt;skepticism&lt;/b&gt;” means not taking it for granted that what we
have read or heard is true or correct. Instead, we seek to &lt;b&gt;evaluate &lt;/b&gt;or &lt;b&gt;assess
&lt;/b&gt;the &lt;b&gt;validity &lt;/b&gt;of the information and opinions we encounter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;NOTE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;: “critical” in this context
does &lt;i&gt;not &lt;/i&gt;just mean looking for mistakes and weaknesses. It means judging
what is good and what is not in the reading, and why. Critical evaluation is a
higher order intellectual skill, and can therefore be a demanding intellectual
task. One of the purposes of a university education is to develop your capacity
to do this, and it does take time.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;What is critical reading?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Sometimes we read just for pleasure or entertainment; sometimes we
read just toobtain information, taking it for granted that the information is
reliable. Critical readingmeans analysing and evaluating what we read – to
repeat, working out what is goodand what is not, and why.Understanding the
argument in a text is essential to critical evaluation – we cannotevaluate
something we do not understand. We then seek to identify the strengths and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;weaknesses or limitations in the author’s argument and evidence,
and to challenge anyassumptions that the author might have made.We need to keep
in mind that we are evaluating an author’s ideas in the context of aspecific
discipline. There are variations among disciplines as to what
constitutesevidence and how it might be used to support an argument. For
example, approachesand assumptions used in medical research might not be
appropriate in a history orsociology paper, and vice-versa.The following pages
suggest a number of questions that may help you to develop acritical evaluation
of what you read.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Arial Black&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;1.
Putting the text into context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Find out anything you can about the &lt;b&gt;author &lt;/b&gt;– who she/he is,
what else she/he haspublished, what work she/he does. The &lt;b&gt;gender &lt;/b&gt;and &lt;b&gt;cultural
background &lt;/b&gt;of the authormay have a bearing on the author’s perspective.
Some of this information can begained from the foreword, introduction or the
back of a book, or at the bottom corner ofthe first page of an article most
academics these dayshave their own webpage, describing their work and listing
their publications.This information may give you some indication of the
author’s &lt;b&gt;purpose&lt;/b&gt;, the&lt;b&gt;audience(s) &lt;/b&gt;she/he typically writes for, who
she/he typically &lt;b&gt;collaborates &lt;/b&gt;with inresearch, her/his &lt;b&gt;ideological
orientation &lt;/b&gt;or &lt;b&gt;conceptual framework&lt;/b&gt;.It is important to note the &lt;b&gt;date
of publication &lt;/b&gt;of a text. The historical context in whicha text is written
can influence the author’s thinking and preoccupations, and the datecan tell
you how up-to-date the material in the text is.The&lt;b&gt;context &lt;/b&gt;in which an
article has been published is relevant to your evaluation aswell. In a book
that is a collection of articles on a particular topic, the &lt;b&gt;editors’introduction
&lt;/b&gt;usually provides a very useful summary of each article and the
overalltheoretical and research context of the volume. You will learn that in
each disciplinesome &lt;b&gt;journals &lt;/b&gt;are considered particularly important, and
particular journals are oftenassociated with particular theoretical approaches.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;2. Reading the text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;You should begin to critically evaluate as you preview material,
and as you read, but it isalso useful to critically review the text as a whole
after you have finished reading it. Thefollowing questions will help you
undertake your critical evaluation of a text.As you read a section of a book or
article, look for information to help you answer thefollowing questions &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;The author’s purpose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Why has the author written the material? Are these purposes explicitly
stated? Arethere other implicit purposes?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• For whom is the material intended?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;The author’s approach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What theoretical perspective has the author taken? How does this
perspective relateto other material in the field?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What are the author’s underlying assumptions? Are these
explicitly stated?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Is there any evidence of covert or overt bias in the
interpretation of material or in thechoice of sources and information?
(Emotional language can be a clue to this.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Is the writer simply presenting information, or is she/he
presenting an argument?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;- 3 -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• If an argument, what is the writer’s &lt;b&gt;thesis &lt;/b&gt;– i.e., the
statement or proposition thatshe/he is arguing to support?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• How does the author develop the thesis from one point to
another?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What evidence, examples or explanations are used to support the
thesis?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Are the supporting evidence, examples and explanations well
researched and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;accurate?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Which aspects of the topic has the author chosen to concentrate
on? Which aspectshas the author not included or discussed?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Is the material comprehensive and accurate, or is the subject
treated superficially?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Are there alternative explanations for the material or data
presented? Has the authoraddressed these alternative explanations?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Does any graphic or quantitative material illustrate or restate
the written content?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• If there are any visual images, how are they linked with the
written text?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• How do the contents relate to what you know about the topic?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Which of your own questions about the subject does the author
answer? Which arenot answered?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Do any items puzzle or intrigue you?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Is a clear, logical framework used to organise the material?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• How does the author introduce the argument?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Are the main points organised, linked and balanced?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• How is the supporting material organised and developed within
the framework?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Does the author recapitulate what has been said at appropriate
points?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Style and format&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• In what style has the material been written? For example, is it
formal or informal,simple or complex, descriptive or critical, didactic or
persuasive, narrative oranalytical?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• How does the style and format influence your own reaction to the
material?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;These questions will help you critique or evaluate a text at quite
a detailed level ofanalysis. Not all of them will be relevant to &lt;b&gt;all &lt;/b&gt;your
reading; you need to keep yourpurpose in mind. Nevertheless, reading for
lectures, tutorials and essays always requires&lt;b&gt;some &lt;/b&gt;level of critical
analysis. Answering the questions on the author’s approach andthe questions
dealing with content should provide a good understanding of what the
textcontributes to the topic.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Research articles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Research articles are typically structured in a particular way
(Introduction, Method,Results, Discussion). In addition to the questions on the
author’s approach, you willneed to ask the following questions when evaluating
them:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What were the authors trying to discover?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Why is the research important?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;- 4 -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What information is given about the sample (the people or
materials selected&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;for study)?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Were appropriate methods used for data collection and analysis?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What was measured?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What were the results?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What do the authors conclude?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Can you accept the findings as true?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• Can you apply the findings to your own work?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;• What if different studies have contradictory results?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;3. Developing your own view&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;Your own life experiences can help you think about the validity of
an argument or pointof view. Does it make sense in terms of your own
experience? Does it, perhaps, makeyou question your own assumptions and
prejudices?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;In developing your own thinking in relation to a text, you will
draw upon ideas presentedin lectures and from other texts that you have read.
These offer points of view that youcan use to help you evaluate the
text.Comparing authors with different points of view on the same topic can also
help you toidentify their ideological framework and their inherent assumptions.
Can theassumptions each author makes be challenged? Why and how are these
writersinterpreting the same events, data or evidence differently?If you are
having difficulty identifying the argument and/or finding things to say
aboutthe text, try discussing the text with friends, with fellow students in
tutorials and with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;anyone else who might be interested. Discussion can generate ideas
and help you clarifyyour thinking. Finally, if you enjoy a good argument, you
should explore the wealth ofmaterial in the resources listed below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9161366565394235794&quot; name=&quot;_GoBack&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: .75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;What is critical reading?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;The
most characteristic features of critical reading are that you will:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;examine the evidence or arguments presented;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;check out any influences on the evidence or
arguments;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;check out the limitations of study design or focus;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;examine the interpretations made; and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;decide to what extent you are prepared to accept
the authors&#39; arguments, opinions, or conclusions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9161366565394235794&quot; name=&quot;Main&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;&quot;&gt;Why do we need to take a critical approach to reading?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;&quot;&gt;Regardless of how objective, technical, or scientific the subject
matter, the author(s) will have made many decisions during the research and
writing process, and each of these decisions is a potential topic for
examination and debate, rather than for blind acceptance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;&quot;&gt;You need to be prepared to step into the academic debate and to make
your own evaluation of how much you are willing to accept what you read.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;&quot;&gt;A practical starting point therefore, is to consider anything you
read not as fact, but as the argument of the writer. Taking this starting point
you will be ready to engage in critical reading.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;color: windowtext; font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;&quot;&gt;Critical reading does not have
to be all negative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;&quot;&gt;The aim of critical reading is not to find fault, but to assess the
strength of the evidence and the argument. It is just as useful to conclude
that a study, or an article, presents very strong evidence and a well-reasoned
argument, as it is to identify the studies or articles that are weak.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Evidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Depending
on the kind of writing it is, and the discipline in which it sits, different
kinds of evidence will be presented for you to examine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Broadening the definition of evidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;This
Study Guide takes a broad view of evidence: it maintains that all that you read
can be considered as evidence, not purely the actual data collected/presented.
This encompasses:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the report of the context within which the data
were collected or created;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the choice of the method for data collection or
selection;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the audit trail for the analysis of the data i.e.:
the decisions made and the steps in the analysis process;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the rationale for the interpretations made and the
conclusions drawn;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; margin-right: 7.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the relevance of, and the use made of the
theoretical perspective, ideology, or philosophy that is underpinning the
argument.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;At
the technical and scientific end of the spectrum, relevant evidence may include
information on: measurements, timing, equipment, control of extraneous factors,
and careful following of standard procedures. Specific guidance will be
available within specialties on what to look for.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;At
the other end of the spectrum is writing where there is clearer scope for
personal interpretation, for example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;analysis of individuals&#39; experiences of healthcare;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the translation of a text from a foreign language;
or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;the identification and analysis of a range of
themes in a novel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;In
these cases the evidence may include items such as quotes from interviews,
extracts of text, and diagrams showing how themes might connect.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;The
nature of the evidence presented at these two extremes is different, but in
both cases you need to look for the rationale for the selection and
interpretation of the evidence presented, and the rationale for the construction
of the argument.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border-bottom: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; border: none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5A82AD 1.5pt; mso-outline-level: 2; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 2.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: .75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Linking evidence to argument&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;On
its own, evidence cannot contribute to academic debate. The interpretation and
presentation of that evidence within an argument allows the evidence to make a
contribution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;The
term &#39;argument&#39; in this context means the carefully constructed rationale for
the enquiry, and for the place of its results within the academic arena. It
will explain for example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;why the authors considered that what they did was
worth doing;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;why it was worth doing in that particular way;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;why the data collected, or the material selected,
were the most appropriate;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;how the conclusions drawn link to the wider context
of their enquiry. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Even
in the most technical and scientific disciplines, the presentation of argument
will always involve elements that can be examined and questioned. For example,
you could ask:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Why did the writer select that particular topic of
enquiry in the first place? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Why did the writer decide to use that particular
methodology, choose that specific method, and conduct the work in that way? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; margin-right: 7.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bookman Old Style&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;&quot;&gt;Why did the writer select that particular process
of analysis?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: #F0F0E1; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/7981372804897496361/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/01/critical-reading_12.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7981372804897496361'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7981372804897496361'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/01/critical-reading_12.html' title='Critical Reading'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-4658648759442113481</id><published>2013-01-08T01:14:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2013-01-08T01:14:37.903+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>Pendapatan NASIONAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
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 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
	{mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
	mso-style-noshow:yes;
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
	mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
	mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
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	line-height:115%;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
	mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PERHITUNGAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Beberapa istilah Pendapatan Nasional :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Produk Domestik Bruto (Gross Domestic Product)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dapat diartikan barang dan jasa yang
diproduksikan bukan saja oleh perusahaan milik penduduk Negara tersebut tetapi
oleh penduduk Negara lain.Selalu didapati produksi nasional diciptakan oleh
faktor – faktor produksi yang berasal dari luar negeri. Dalam istilah Inggris
disebut Gross Domestic Product(GDP).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Produk Nasional Bruto (Gross National Product)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Atau dalam bahasa inggris dinamakan Gross National Product (GNP) yakni
nilai barang atau jasa yang dihitung dalam pendapatan nasional hanyalah barang
dan jasa yang diproduksikan oleh faktor – faktor produksi yang dimiliki oleh
warga Negara dari Negara yang pendapatan nasionalnya dihitung. Sifat hubungan
diantara Produk Domestik Bruto dan National Bruto, yaitu seperti dinyatakan
sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PDB = PNB – PFN dari LN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PFN dari LN adalah pendapatan faktor – faktor produksi yang diterima
dari luar negeri dikurangi dengan pendapatan faktor – faktor produksi yang
dibayarkan di luar negeri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Produk National Bruto (Net National Product)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Apabila PNB dikurangi dengan depresiasi akan diperoleh Produk National
Neto (PNN).Apabila PNN dihitung pada harga faktor,nilainya dinamakan Pendapatan
Nasional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan Nasional (National Income)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan Nasional (PN) merupakan balas jasa atas seluruh faktor
produksi yang digunakan. PN = PNN-PTL+S, dimana PTL (Pajak Tidak Langsung), S
(Subsidi).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan Personal (Personal Income)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan Personal (PP) adalah bagian dari pendapatan nasional yang
merupakan hak individu – individu dalam perekonomian, sebagai balas jasa atas
keikutsertaan mereka dalam proses produksi.Adapun rumusnya sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PP = PN-LTB-PAS+PIGK+PNB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;LTB&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;= Laba Tidak Dibagikan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PAS&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;= Pembayaran Asuransi Sosial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PIGK = Pendapatan Bunga yang diterima pemerintah dan konsumen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PNB&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;= Pendapatan Nonbalas Jasa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;6)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pendapatan Personal Disposabel (Disposable Personal Income)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Merupakan pendapatan personal yang dapat dipakai individu, baik untuk
membiayai hidupnya atau ditabung.Besarnya pendapatan personal dikurangi pajak
atas pendapatan personal (PAP).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Metode – metode Perhitungan Pendapatan Nasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Ada tiga cara perhitungan pendapatan nasional, yaitu metode output
(output approach), metode pendapatan (income approach) dan metode pengeluaran
(expebditure approach) :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;A.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Metode Output (Output Approach) atau Metode Produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Cara perhitungan dengan praktis adalah dengan membagi – bagi
perekonomian menjadi beberapa sector produksi.Dalam perhitungan PDB dengan
metode produksi, yang dijumlahkan adalah nilai tambah (value added) masing –
masing sector. Yang dimaksud nilai tambah adalah selisih antara output dengan nilai
input.NT = NO – NI. Aktivitas produksi yang baik NT &amp;gt; 0. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;PDB = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;&quot;&gt;
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 

 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;NT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Dimana : I = sector produksi ke 1,2,3,…,n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;B.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Metode Pendapatan ( Income Approach)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Metode pendapatan memandang nilai output perekonomian sebagai nilai
total balas jasa atas faktor produksi yang digunakan dalam proses produksi. Hubungannya
sebagai berikut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Q = f (L, K, U, E)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Dimana:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: output&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;L&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: tenaga kerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;K&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: barang modal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;U&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: uang/financial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;E&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:kemampuan entrepreneur
atau kewirausahaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Total balas jasa atas seluruh faktor produksi disebut Pendapatan
Nasional (PN)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PN : w +I +r + π&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Dimana :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;w&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: upah/gaji&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;i&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: pendapatan bunga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: pendapatan sewa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;π&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: keuntungan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Di Indonesia perhitungan ini tidak dipublikasikan, di Amerika Serikat
digunakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;C.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Metode Pengeluaran (Expenditure Approach)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menurut metode ini ada beberapa jenis pengeluaran agrerat dalam suatu
perekonomian :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Konsumsi Rumah Tangga (Household Consumption)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Konsumsi Pemerintah (Government Consumption)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Pengeluaran Investasi (Investment Expenditure)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Ekspor Neto (Net Export)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Nilai PDP berdasarkan metode pengeluaran adalah nilai
total lima jenis pengeluaran tersebut :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;PDB&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: C +G + I +
(X-M)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Di mana : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;C&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: konsumsi
rumah tangga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;G&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: konsumsi
/ pengeluaran pemerintah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;I&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: PMTDB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;X&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: ekspor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;M&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;: impor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menghitung pendapatan suatu Negara bukanlah kerja yang
mudah. Dalam perekonomian tidak terdapat informasi yang lengkap mengenai
kegiatan produksi dan nilai barang dan jasa diwujudkan oleh setiap kegiatan
ekonomi. Masalah utama yang dihadapi dalam menghitung pendapatan nasional
adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Masalah mengumpulkan data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Masalah menentukan jenis kegiatan yang
produksinya perlu dihitung dalam menghitung menentukan pendapatan nasional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Perlu dipikirkan dalam menghitung pendapatan nasional :
masalah perhitungan dua kali, masalah menentukan harga barang, dan masalah
kenaikan harga dan perubahan kualiti barang yang perlu dipertimbangkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Kegunaan utama data pendapatan nasional adalah :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Mengetahui tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang
berlaku dari tahun ke tahun dan dalam jangka panjang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menentukan prestasi kegiatan ekonomi pada
suatu waktu tertentu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menunjukkan peranan tiap sector dalam
perekonomian dan peranan berbagai komponen pengeluaran agregat,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menentukan perubahan struktur ekonomi yang
berlaku dalam suatu periode tertentu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menggambarkan taraf kemakmuran masyarakat dan
perubahannya dari tahun ke tahun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;Menyediakan data untuk meramalkan kegiatan
ekonomi di tahun berikutnya dan merencanakan perkembangan ekonomi di masa depan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/4658648759442113481/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/01/pendapatan-nasional.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/4658648759442113481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/4658648759442113481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2013/01/pendapatan-nasional.html' title='Pendapatan NASIONAL'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-3353163966675151154</id><published>2012-12-26T08:20:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-12-26T08:20:55.405+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>TEORI TERBENTUKNYA NEGARA</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
 mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
 mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;
  &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;
  &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt;
 &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;
  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;
  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;
  &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;
  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;
  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;
  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
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  &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;
  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;IN&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;
  &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;
  &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;
  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;
   &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;
   &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;
   &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;
   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;
   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;
   &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;
   &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;
  &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;
  &lt;m:mathPr&gt;
   &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;
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   &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;
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   &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  DefSemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 108.0pt 126.0pt 144.0pt 162.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 234.0pt 252.0pt 270.0pt 288.0pt 306.0pt 324.0pt 342.0pt 360.0pt 378.0pt 396.0pt 414.0pt 432.0pt 450.0pt 468.0pt 486.0pt 504.0pt 522.0pt 540.0pt 558.0pt 576.0pt; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Teori tentang asal mula atau teori
terbentuknya Negara dapat dilihat dari dua segi, yakni : (a) teori yang
bersifat spekulatif, dan (2) teori yang bersifat evolusi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 108.0pt 126.0pt 144.0pt 162.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 234.0pt 252.0pt 270.0pt 288.0pt 306.0pt 324.0pt 342.0pt 360.0pt 378.0pt 396.0pt 414.0pt 432.0pt 450.0pt 468.0pt 486.0pt 504.0pt 522.0pt 540.0pt 558.0pt 576.0pt; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;a) Teori yang Bersifat Spekulatif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 108.0pt 126.0pt 144.0pt 162.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 234.0pt 252.0pt 270.0pt 288.0pt 306.0pt 324.0pt 342.0pt 360.0pt 378.0pt 396.0pt 414.0pt 432.0pt 450.0pt 468.0pt 486.0pt 504.0pt 522.0pt 540.0pt 558.0pt 576.0pt; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Teori yang bersifat spekulatif, meliputi
antara lain : teori teokratis, teori perjanjian masyarakat, dan teori kekuatan/
kekuasaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 108.0pt 126.0pt 144.0pt 162.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 234.0pt 252.0pt 270.0pt 288.0pt 306.0pt 324.0pt 342.0pt 360.0pt 378.0pt 396.0pt 414.0pt 432.0pt 450.0pt 468.0pt 486.0pt 504.0pt 522.0pt 540.0pt 558.0pt 576.0pt; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1. Teori Teokrasi (ketuhanan) menurut teori
ketuhanan, segala sesuatu di dunia ini adanya atas kehendak ALLOHU Subhanahu
Wata’ala, sehingga negara pada hakekatnya ada atas kehendak ALLOH. Penganut
teori ini adalah Fiedrich Julius Stah, yang menyatakan bahwa negara tumbuh
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bangsa dan negara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2. Teori perjanjian masyarakat. Dalam teori
ini tampi tiga tokoh yang paling terkenal, yaitu Thomas Hobbes, John Locke dan
J.J. Rousseau. Menurut teori ini negara itu timbul karena perjanjian yang
dibuat antara orang-orang yang tadinya hidup bebas merdeka, terlepas satu sama
lain tanpa ikatan kenegaraan. Perjanjian ini diadakan agar kepentingan bersama
dapat terpelihara dan terjamin, supaya ”orang yang satu tidak merupakan
binatang buas bagi orang lain” (homo homini lupus, menurut Hobbes). Perjanjian
itu disebut perjanjian masyarakat (contract social menurut ajaran Rousseau).
Dapat pula terjadi suatu perjanjian antara daerah jajahan, misalnya :
Kemerdekaan Filipina pada tahun 1946 dan India pada tahun 1947.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 108.0pt 126.0pt 144.0pt 162.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 234.0pt 252.0pt 270.0pt 288.0pt 306.0pt 324.0pt 342.0pt 360.0pt 378.0pt 396.0pt 414.0pt 432.0pt 450.0pt 468.0pt 486.0pt 504.0pt 522.0pt 540.0pt 558.0pt 576.0pt; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3. Teori kekuasaan/ kekuatan. Menurut teori
kekuasaan/kekuatan, terbentuknya negara didasarkan atas kekuasaan/kekuatan,
misalnya melalui pendudukan dan penaklukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 18.0pt 36.0pt 54.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt 108.0pt 126.0pt 144.0pt 162.0pt 180.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 234.0pt 252.0pt 270.0pt 288.0pt 306.0pt 324.0pt 342.0pt 360.0pt 378.0pt 396.0pt 414.0pt 432.0pt 450.0pt 468.0pt 486.0pt 504.0pt 522.0pt 540.0pt 558.0pt 576.0pt; text-autospace: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Segoe Print&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ditinjau dari teori kekuatan, munculnya
negara yang pertama kali, atau bermula dari adanya beberapa kelompok dalam
suatu suku yang masing-masing dipimpin oleh kepala suku (datuk). Kemudian
berbagai kelompok tersebut hidup dalam suatu persaingan untuk memperebutkan
lahan/wilayah, sumber tempat mereka mendapatkan makanan. Akibat lebih jauh
mereka kemudian berusaha untuk bisa mengalahkan kelompok saingannya. Adagium
thomas Hobbes yang menyatakan ”Bellum Omnium Contra Omnes” semua berperang
melawan semua, kiranya tepat sekali untuk memotret kondisi mereka dalam
persaingan untuk memperebutkan sesuatu. Kelompok yang terkalahkan kemudian
harus tunduk serta wilayah yang dimilikinya diduduki dan dikuasai oleh sang
penakluk, dan demikian seterusnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/3353163966675151154/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/12/teori-terbentuknya-negara.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3353163966675151154'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3353163966675151154'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/12/teori-terbentuknya-negara.html' title='TEORI TERBENTUKNYA NEGARA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-5862960358266633691</id><published>2012-12-26T07:49:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-12-26T07:59:58.271+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cerpen"/><title type='text'>INDONESIAKU</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
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 mso-style-noshow:yes;
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 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:115%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
INDONESIAKU&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%px;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 

 
 
 
 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Biar saja ku tak sehebat
matahari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;api slaluku coba tuk
menghangatkanmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Biar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;saja ku tak setegar batu karang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;api&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;lalu ku coba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;tuk melindungimu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;” Itulah
mottoku yang akan selalu kupegang sebagai panduan hidup untuk membanggakan
negaraku, Negara Indonesia. Motto itu sering kugunakan untuk memacu semangatku
saat waktu latihan untuk kompetisi boxing. Namaku adalah Pandu Prostar, aku
sekolah di SMA School Before University. Sekolahku ini adalah sekolah bertaraf
internasional dan termasuk sekolah favorit di wilayahku. Walaupun aku tidak
berprestasi di bidang akademik tetapi aku telah mengahumkan nama sekolah
beberapa kali dalam turnamen boxing kebanggaanku ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Seperti biasa aku bergegas berlari menuju ke sekolah, jam
arloji yang berada di tanganku sudah menunjukan pukul 06.55. Aku terus berpikir
kenapa aku selalu bangun kesiangan padahal alarm di hpku sudah ku aktivkan.
Sesampai di sekolah, halaman sekolah sudah sepi yang menandakan kelas sudah
dimulai. Aku berlari menuju ke kelas sambil berharap bahwa guruku belum datang
ke ruang kelas. Saat didepan kelas aku langsung masuk karena ku mengira bahwa
guru belum masuk kelas. Ternyata Pak Sureboningrat guru Bahasa Jawa sudah masuk
ke kelas. Sambil malu aku maju kekelas menemui Pak Rebo untuk meminta maaf,
untungnya aku dimaafkan dan langsung disuruh duduk. Aku langsung saja duduk di
tempat biasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“Hei, kamu selamat kali ini, untung gurunya Pak Rebo” Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Suara uitu mengagetkanku, karena yang ku tahu sahabat ku
yang bernama Rifad ini sedang berada di Jakarta untuk mengikuti kompetisi OSN
Matematika tingkat nasional. Temanku yang satu ini memang pintar, dia sangat
unggul dibidang akademik daripada teman temannya yang lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“Kamu dah balik fad? Gimana lombanya?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“Ayo main tebak tebakan, aku menang nggak?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“Sepertinya sih menang, ekspresimu aja kaya gitu.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“Bener”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sudah tidak mengejutkan lagi Rifad memenangkan lomba OSN
tersebut, kepintaraanya sudah menyebar ke berbagai daerah. Dan juga dia
memiliki motto yang hampir sama denganku yaitu”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Heading1Char&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Biar saja ku tak seharum bunga mawar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;api
slalu kucoba tuk mengharumkanmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; Biar saja ku tak seelok
langit sore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;api slalu kucoba tuk mengindahkanmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;” Motto itulah yang selalu
membuat Rifad bersemangat untuk memenangkan lomba agar dia bisa mengharumkan
nama Bangsa Indonesia di kanca internasional. Ia juga ingin memperindah nama Indonesia
di telinga orang orang asing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Jam pelajaran pun berakhir, bel sekolah menandakan kemenangan sebagian
siswa berkumandang dengan indahnya. Aku dan Rifad keluar dari gerbang sekolah
sambil bercakap cakap.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Habis ini mau kemana kau fad?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Habis ini aku mau pulang ganti baju terus balik ke sekolah lagi untuk
pelatihan Olimpiade tingkat Internasional.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Ha? Udah mau lomba lagi kamu? Apa nggak capek?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Mau nggak mau harus gini, lombanya tinggal 1 bulan lagi.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Satu bulan lagi? Itu hampir bersamaan dengan kompetisi internasional
boxing”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Kalau begitu bagus, kita bisa berjuang bersama demi Indonesia”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;lirikline&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Akhirnya kita saling berpisah di perempatan jalan. Setelah pulang aku dan Rifad
masing masing menuju ke tempat latihan. Rifad pergi ke sekolah kembali
sedangkan aku menuju ke tempat latihan boxing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Keesokan harinya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; di halaman sekolah, “ Hei, kalian jangan berkelahi, disini
bukan tempat untuk berkelahi, jika ingin berkelahi carilah tempat lain jangan
di sekolah” kata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, mencoba untuk melerai perkelahian antara &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; dan Steven.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Dia dulu yang ngajek berantem, bisa bisanya dia bilang kalau solo itu seperti
cow, bagaimana aku nggak marah?” kata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Apa benar begitu eee…?” Tanya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 304.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“ Steve namaku Steve, I’m
Australian. Aku di transfer from my country yesterday. And I did not say that
solo is cow but I said that solo is crowded” Jelas Steven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Kamu gimana sih Ndu? dia bilang crowded (ramai) bukan cow (sapi)” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; menjelaskan apa yang
dikatakan oleh Steve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Maaf aku kan nggak semahir kamu
dalam bahasa inggris, aku kan mahirnya dibidang bela diri boxing” kata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ kamu said boxing? I can boxing
too”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bunyi bel tanda masuk berbunyi, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; dan aku pergi
bersama ke kelas sedangkan Steve sendirian tertinggal dibelakang kami. Kami &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;saling beercanda gurau sambil berjalan menuju
ke kelas kami yaitu kelas XI-12. Setibanya di kelas kami menuju ke bangku kami masing
masing yang memang bersebelahan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Jam pertama ini apa?” Tanya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Bahasa Inggris, hari ini ulangan
lho. Kamu dah…”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Apa? Ulangan? Aduuuh… aku belum
belajar sama sekali, gimana nih? Aku nyontek kamu ya &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;” kat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;kaget dan memohon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Enak aja, aku susah susah belajar.
Enaknya kamu minta dicontekin, berdoa aja soalnya gampang semua.” Kata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; tak mau membantu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Kamu kok gitu…”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Eh, gurunya datang”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Guru bahasa inggris yang terkenal
killer ini bernama Bu Jandayani. Setelah masuk ke kelas, dia menyuruh ketua
kelas untuk memimpin teman temannya untu berdoa. Kemudian ketua kelas
menyiapkan dan memimpin doa. Setelah itu ketua kelas mengakhiri doa dan kembali
duduk. Bu Jandayani si guru killer pun duduk ditempatnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Anak anak, kalian ingatkan apa
yang ibu katakan pada pelajaran sebelumnya bahwa hari ini kita akan ulangan?”
kata Bu Jandayani dengan sok lembut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Enggak bu, ibu nggak pernah
bilang” Semua siswa serempak menjawab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ HARI INI HARUS ULANGAN!” bentak Bu
Jandayani sambil memukulkan penggaris di meja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Semua siswa terdiam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“ Tetapi sebelum itu, kalian akan
mendapatkan teman baru”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Kemudian Bu killer itu melambaikan
tangan ke luar kelas, menandakan bahwa dia sedang menyuruh seseorang untuk
masuk ke kelas. Dan masuklah seorang bule yang sepertinya pernah ku lihat. Ya
memang benar dia adalah Steve, orang yang hampir saja dihajar oleh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. Bu Jandayani killer
itu menyuruh Steve untuk memperkenalkan diri. Dia langsung memperkenalkan
dirinya dengan bahasa Indonesia bercampur bahasa Inggris yang sanggat janggal
untuk didengar dengan angkuhnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, yang sepertinya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; membuat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; mengerti mengapa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;diriku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; sangat membencinya
dan hampir saja menghajarnya habis habisan. Ketika Steve selesai memperkenalkan
diri, Bu Jandayani yang sekarang sok lembut seperti menjaga image nya itu
mempersilahkan duduk si bule angkuh itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Ayo anak-anak keluarkan kertas kalian untuk ulangan, waktu ulangan hanya 30
menit saja dan soalnya berjumlah 60.” Kata bu killer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Semua
siswa pun mengeluarkan kertasnya, sedangkan Bu Jandayani mulai membagikan
kertas soal ulangan kepada semua siswa. Bagi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; sih soal ulangan ini
nggak susah susah banget, tetapi bagi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; soal ini bagaikan soal yang tak
pernah akan terpecahkan seumur hidupnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aku berpikir bahwa Rifad memikirkan ini
saat melihatku “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aku
sebenernya kasihan tapi kalo aku bantu sama saja aku membunuh temen baikku
sendiri. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;30
menit berlalu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
WAKTU HABIS! Anak anak ayo kumpulkan kertas ulangan kalian!”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Semua
murid langsung saja mengumpulkan kertas ulangan mereka tak peduli sudah selesai
maupun belum, mereka tak berani menentang sang guru killer ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Kita akan langsung cocokkan” sambil membagi kertas ulangan kepada siswa yang
berbeda namanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Setelah
semuanya terbagi, si guru killer itu pun memulali menulis jawaban ulangan tadi
di papan tulis, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad melihatku dengan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; kasihan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;karna aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; khawatir dengan
nilai yang akan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;kudapat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; sih optimis nilai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;nya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; akan paling bagus sekelas.
Bukannya so&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;k tahu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, tetapi itu sudah terbukti dalam pelajaran bahasa inggris
nilai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;nya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
selalu yang terbaik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Saya akan membacakan nilai ulangan kalian” Bu killer itu mulai membacakan
nilai, memang ternyata nilai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 98. Siapa yang akan mengalahkan
nilai sebagus nilai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;nya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. Bu Jandayani sudah membacakan nilai sampai yang terakhir
yaitu si bule angkuh itu, dan ternyata nilainya adalah 100, nilai yang sangat
mengejutkan bagiku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; juga Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. Memang benar dia orang asing yang keseharianya ngomong pakai
bahasa inggris, tapi bagaimana bisa dia mengalahkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Ya itulah nilai kalian, dan untuk &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; dan Pandu, kalian dipanggil
oleh kepala sekolah di ruanganya.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kami
berdua langsung saja pergi ke ruang kepala sekolah, sebenarnya kami tidak
penasaran kenapa kami berdua dipanggil kepala sekolah. Setibanya di depan ruang
kepala sekolah kami langsung mengetuk pintu, dan dipersilahkan masuk oleh kepala
sekolah yang bernama Bapak Dudamanto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Silahkan duduk” kata Bapak Dudamanto dengan ramah. Kami berdua duduk di depan
Pak Dudamanto yang baik ini berbeda dengan Bu Jandayani.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Kalian tahu kan, kenapa kalian dipanggil kemari?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Tau Pak” Jawab kami serempak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kami
berdua dipanggil oleh Pak Dudamanto karena kami adalah siswa terpilih, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;adalah pemenang
olimpiade matematika tingkat Nasional dan 1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;bulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; lagi akan mengikuti olimpiade
matematika tingkat Internasional. Sedangkan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; adalah pemenang bela diri
boxing Nasional yang akan bertanding di kejuaraan dunia boxing &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1 bulan
lagi juga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Kalian sudah bersiapkan? Dan untuk Pandu, saya punya lawan latih tanding buat
kamu, yaitu Steve, dia adalah wakil dari Australia untuk kejuaraan boxing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kami
berdua terkejut, ternyata Steve adalah wakil boxing Australia. Kami bertiga
pergi ketempat latihan boxing di sekolah, di sana Steve dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; akan berlatih
tanding. Sesampai di sana &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;kami&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; langsung berlatih setelah bersiap siap. Dan yang tak kalah
mengejutkan adalah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;kalah telak melawan Steve angkuh dari Australia itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
So, This your ability, aku dissopointed sama kamu. Ternyata Indonesian is not
strong, but only stupid cow.” Ejek Steve.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Apa kamu bilang!!” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Tenang ndu, kamu hanya perlu mbuktikan pada kejuaraan aja” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; berusaha menenangkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;bulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
kemudian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aku
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;dit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;emani
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
ke Singapore, tempat di mana kejuraan boxing dunia berlangsung sekaligus tempat
olimpiade akan berlangsung 4 hari lagi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Saat
pertandingan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; berhasil melaju ke semifinal dengan mudah, tetapi di
semifinal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; akan melawan Steve. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;u akan menghadapi orang yang
telah mengalahkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; dengan mudah pada sesi lawan tanding dulu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Di
ring&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Aku nggak akan kalah dengan mudah, saat ini aku memikul nama Indonesia, nama
bangsaku. Aku akan mengharumkan nama negaraku” kata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;bersemangat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Let see later” kata Steve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bunyi
bel berdering, bertanda pertandingan dimulai. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; mengambil start dengan mencoba
memukul kepala Steve, tetapi Steve dengan cekatan menghindar. Setelah
menghindar Steve meluncurkan beberapa pukulan di bagian perut, untung saja hanya
2 pukulan yang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;terima karena pukulan lainnya berhasil &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;blok. Steve
meluncurkan lagi pukulan di bagian kepala, kali ini pukulanya kena telak. Dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; terjatuh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
It is right, kau too weak, with this aku win” kata Steve senang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Tunggu dulu aku belum kalah, aku masih bisa” kata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; sambil bangkit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; bangkit dan berhasil berdiri lagi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;“
Aku nggak akan kalah, karena aku membawa nama baik Indonesia, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;demi nama
baik para pahlawan yang telah memperjuangkan kemerdekaan.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; berlari menuju ke Steve, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;lalu ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;luncurkan tinju ke bagian perut Steve. Steve
sedikit tertunduk, pada kesempatan itu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;u luncurkan uppercut yang
mengenai kepala Steve. Steve langsung terjatuh dan tak bisa melanjutkan
pertandingan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dengan
uppercut tadi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; berhasil memenangkan pertandingan tadi dan menuju ke final.
Sayangnya di final &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku harus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; kalah oleh wakil dari China yang bernama Chin Odla Duk.
Tetapi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
telah membuktikan bahwa memikul nama Indonesia bisa membuat diri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; lebih kuat dengan
mengalahkan Steve yang dulu telah mengalahka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;nku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; dengan telak. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aku &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;telah mengharumkan
nama Indonesia dengan mendapatkan perak di kejuaraan bergengsi itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4
hari kemudian…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sekarang
giliran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; untuk mengharumkan nama Indonesia di kanca Internasional.
Tetapi yang ku harap &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;dia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; bisa mengerjakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;dan berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; nama bangsa. Dan
ternyata &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
terkejut bahwa nama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; berada di pemilik nilai tertinggi, sehingga &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; mendapatkan emas
untuk Indonesia. Betapa senangnya aku dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Rifad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; bisa mengharumkan bangsa Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; Sungguh
bangga ketika bendera Indonesia berkibar tinggi. Aku dan Rifad berjanji akan
mempertahankan bendera Indonesia tetap berkibar di&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ujung tiang tertinggi di Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;&quot;&gt;
Karya: ARIF ADI NUGROHO &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/5862960358266633691/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/12/indonesiaku.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/5862960358266633691'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/5862960358266633691'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/12/indonesiaku.html' title='INDONESIAKU'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-3915712903532292225</id><published>2012-11-28T23:55:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-28T23:55:20.072+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Perubahan Sosial Di Abad Ke 20</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Perubahan Sosial Di Abad Ke 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Berakhirnya
Perang Dunia II diikuti perubahan-perubahan sosial besar di kawasan Asia,
Afrika dan Amerika Selatan dimana mayoritas masyarakat hidup. Akibatnya, muncul
berbagai teori mengenai perubahan-perubahan di negara-negara yang diberi
berbagai julukan seperti ”Masyarakat-masyarakat Dunia Ketiga”, ”Negara-negara
Terkebelakang”, ”Negara-negara Sedang Berkembang”, atau ”Negara-negara
Selatan”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Gidden&lt;/i&gt; mengemukakan bahwa proses
peningkatan kesalingtergantungan masyarakat dunia yang dinamakannya globalisasi
ditandai oleh kesenjangan besar antara kekayaan dan tingkat hidup masyarakat
industri dan masyarakat Dunia Ketiga. Selain itu ia mencatat tumbuh dan
berkembangnya negara-negara industri baru, dan semakin meningkatnya komunikasi
antar negara sebagai dampak teknologi komunikasi yang semakin canggih. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Teori perubahan sosial pada abad 20 yang
terkenal adalah:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Teori Modernisasi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Teori Modernisasi menganggap bahwa negara-negara terbelakang akan menempuh
jalan sama dengan negara industri maju di Barat sehingga kemudian akan menjadi
negara berkembang pula melalui proses modernisasi. Teori ini berpandangan bahwa
masyarakat yang belum berkembang perlu mengatasi berbagai kekurangan dan
masalahnya sehingga dapat mencapai tahap ”tinggal landas” ke arah perkembangan
ekonomi. Menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni-Halevy&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni&lt;/i&gt; transisi dari keadaan
tradisional ke modernitas melibatkan revolusi demografi yang ditandai
menurunnya angka kematian dan angka kelahiran; menurunnya ukuran dan pengaruh
keluarga; terbukanya sistim stratifikasi; peralihan dari stuktur feodal atau
kesukuan ke suatu birokrasi; menurunnya pengaruh agama; beralihnya fungsi
pendidikan dari keluarga dan komunikasi ke sistem pendidikan formal; munculnya
kebudayaan massa; dan munculnya perekonomian pasar dan industrialisasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Teori Ketergantungan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut
teori ketergantungan yang didasarkan pada pengalaman-pengalaman negara Amerika
Latin bahwa perkembangan dunia tidak merata; negara-negara industri menduduki
posisi dominan sedangkan negara-negara Dunia Ketiga secara ekonomi tergantung
padanya. Perkembangan negara-negara industri dan keterbelakangan negara-negara
Dunia Ketiga, menurut teori ini, berjalan bersamaan: di kala negara-negara
industri mengalami perkembangan, maka negara-negara Dunia Ketiga yang mengalami
kolonialisme, khususnya di Amerika Lain, tidak mengalami ”tinggal landas”
tetapi justru menjadi semakin terkebelakang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Teori Sistem Dunia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Teori yang dirumuskan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Immanuel Wallerstein&lt;/i&gt; mengatakan bahwa perekonomian kapitalis dunia
tersusun atas tiga jenjang: negara-negara inti, negara-negara semi-periferi,
dan negara-negara periferi. Negara-negara inti terdiri atas negara-negara Eropa
Barat yang sejak abad 16 mengawali proses industrialisasi dan berkembang pesat,
sedangkan negara-negara semi- periferi merupakan negara-negara di Eropa Selatan
yang menjalin hubungan dagang dengan negara-negara inti dan secara ekonomis
tidak berkembang. Negara-negara periferi merupakan kawasan Asia dan Afrika yang
semula merupakan kawasan ekstern karena berada di luar jaringan perdagangan
negara-negara inti tetapi kemudian melalui kolonisasi ditarik ke dalam sistem
dunia. Kini negara-negara inti (yang kemudian mencakup pula Amerika Serikat dan
Jepang) mendominasi sistem dunia sehingga mampu memanfaatkan sumberdaya negara
lain untuk kepentingan mereka sendiri, sedangkan kesenjangan yang berkembang
antara negara-negara inti dengan negara-negara lain sudah sedemikian lebarnya
sehingga tidak mungkin tersusul lagi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DI ASIA TENGGARA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Kemajemukan masyarakat di Asia
Tenggara telah memunculkan berbagai konsep dan teori yang dilandaskan pada
pengalaman khas berbagai masyarakat Asia. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Hans-Dieter
Evers&lt;/i&gt; menyunting berbagai tulisan dan merangkumnya menjadi konsep &lt;i&gt;dual
societies, plural societies &lt;/i&gt;dan&lt;i&gt; involution.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Dual Societies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Bocke&lt;/i&gt; dalam masyarakat Timur, kapitalisme bersifat merusak –
ikatan-ikatan komunis melemah, dan taraf hidup masyarakat menurun – karena
telah mengakibatkan terjadinya ekonomi dualistis. Dalam masyarakat dualistis
dijumpai sejumlah antitesis, yaitu pertentangan antara (1) faktor produksi pada
masyarakat Barat yang bersifat dinamis dan masyarakat pribumi di pedesaan yang
bersifat statis, (2) masyarakat perkotaan (orang Barat) dengan masyarakat
pedesaan (orang Timur), (3) ekonomi uang dan ekonomi barang, (4) sentralisasi
administrasi dan lokalisasi, (5) kehidupan yang didominasi mesin (masyarakat
Barat) dan didominasi kekuatan alam (masyarakat Timur), dan (6) perekonomian
produsen dan perekonomian konsumen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Evers&lt;/i&gt;, ciri dualistis adalah adanya masyarakat yang terkebelakang
yang hidup berdampingan dengan masyarakat maju. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Plural Societies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Furnivall&lt;/i&gt; memberikan contoh pada
masyarakat Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia terdiri atas sejumlah tatanan sosial
yang hidup berdampingan tetapi tidak berbaur, namun menurutnya kelompok Eropa,
Cina dan pribumi saling melekat laksana kembar siam dan akan hancur bilamana
dipisahkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Evers&lt;/i&gt; konsep ini bisa dikembangkan dan diuji pada masyarakat lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Involution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Geertz&lt;/i&gt; pengaruh kapitalisme Barat terhadap masyarakat pedesaan di
Jawa tidak menghasilkan perubahan secara evolusioner, melainkan suatu proses
yang dinamakan involusi. Penetrasi kapitalisme Barat terhadap sistem sawah di
Jawa membawa kemakmuran di Barat tetapi mengakibatkan suatu proses ”tinggal
landas” berupa peningkatan jumlah penduduk pedesaan. Ternyata kelebihan
penduduk ini dapat diserap sawah melalui proses involusi, yaitu suatu kerumitan
berlebihan yang semakin rinci yang memungkinkan tiap orang tetap menerima
bagian dari panen meskipun bagiannya memang menjadi semakin mengecil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Konsep &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Geertz&lt;/i&gt; ini banyak digunakan oleh ilmuwan sosial lain. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Armstrong&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Terry McGee&lt;/i&gt; mengaitkan konsep involusi dengan sistem pasar di
daerah perkotaan Dunia Ketiga, yang senantiasa mampu menyerap tenaga kerja. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Evers&lt;/i&gt; (1974) lebih mengaitkan konsep
involusi dengan perubahan struktural di daerah perkotaan; meskipun penduduk
bertambah, namun kurang terjadi diferensiasi sosial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/3915712903532292225/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/perubahan-sosial-di-abad-ke-20.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3915712903532292225'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/3915712903532292225'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/perubahan-sosial-di-abad-ke-20.html' title='Perubahan Sosial Di Abad Ke 20'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-7081442788038498860</id><published>2012-11-28T23:54:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-28T23:54:17.167+07:00</updated><title type='text'>POLA PERUBAHAN SOSIAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: FI;&quot;&gt;Pola Perubahan Sosial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: FI;&quot;&gt;Pola
Linier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: FI;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni-Halevy&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni&lt;/i&gt; (1973) perkembangan masyarakat
mengikuti suatu pola yang pasti. Contoh yang diberikan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni-Halevy&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni&lt;/i&gt;
adalah karya &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Comte&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Spencer&lt;/i&gt; yang menyatakan bahwa kemajuan
progresif peradaban manusia mengikuti suatu jalan yang alami, pasti, sama, dan
tak terelakkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: FI;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Teori
”Hukum Tiga Tahap” yang dikemukakan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Comte&lt;/i&gt;
menyatakan bahwa sejarah memperlihatkan adanya tiga tahap yang dilalui
peradaban. Pada tahap pertama yang diberinya nama tahap Teologis dan Militer, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Comte&lt;/i&gt; melihat bahwa semua hubungan
sosial bersifat militer; masyarakat senantiasa bertujuan menundukkan masyarakat
lain. Semua konsepsi teoritis dilandaskan pada pemikiran mengenai
kekuatan-kekuatan adikodrati. Pengamatan dituntun oleh imajinasi; penelitian
tidak dibenarkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: FI;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Tahap
ke dua, tahap Metafisik dan Yuridis, merupakan tahap antara yang menjembatani
masyarakat militer dengan masyarakat industri. Pengamatan masih dikuasai
imajinasi tetapi lambat laun semakin merubahnya dan menjadi dasar bagi
penelitian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;FI&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: FI;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pada
tahap ke tiga dan terakhir, tahap Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Industri, industri
mendominasi hubungan sosial dan produksi menjadi tujuan utama masyarakat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Imajinasi telah digeser oleh pengamatan
dan konsepsi-konsepsi teoritis telah bersifat positif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari
apa yang telah dikemukakan Comte tersebut—perubahan yang pasti, serupa, tak
terelakkan, dapat kita lihat bahwa pandangannya mengenai perubahan sosial
bersifat unilinear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pemikiran
uniliniear kita jumpai pula dalam karya &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Spencer&lt;/i&gt;.
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Spencer&lt;/i&gt; mengemukakan bahwa struktur
sosial berkembang secara evolusioner dari struktur yang homogen menjadi
heterogen. Perubahan struktur berlangsung dengan diikuti perubahan fungsi. Suku
yang sederhana bergerak maju secara evolusioner ke arah ukuran lebih besar,
keterpaduan, kemajemukan, dan kepastian sehingga terjelma suatu bangsa yang
beradab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Pola
Siklus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pola
Siklus menekankan bahwa masyarakat berkembang bagai roda: kadang di atas,
kadang di bawah. Pandangan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni-Halevy&lt;/i&gt;
dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni&lt;/i&gt; memandang bahwa kebudayaan
tumbuh, berkembang dan kemudian lenyap; ataupun laksana tahap perkembangan
seorang manusia – melewati masa muda, masa dewasa, masa tua, dan akhirnya punah
-.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pareto&lt;/i&gt; mengemukakan bahwa dalam tiap
masyarakat terdapat dua lapisan. Lapisan bawah atau non-elite dan lapisan atas
atau elite, yang terdiri atas kaum aristokrasi dan terbagi lagi dalam dua
kelas: elite yang berkuasa dan elite yang tidak berkuasa. Menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pareto&lt;/i&gt; aristokrasi senantiasa akan
mengalami transformasi; sejarah menunjukkan bahwa aristokrasi hanya dapat
bertahan untuk jangka waktu tertentu saja dan akhirnya akan pudar untuk
selanjutnya diganti oleh suatu aristokrasi baru yang berasal dari lapisan
bawah. Sejarah, menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pareto&lt;/i&gt;,
merupakan tempat pemakaman bagi aristokrasi. Aristokrasi yang menempuh segala
upaya untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan akhirnya akan digulingkan melalui gerakan
dengan disertai kekerasan atau revolusi.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pareto&lt;/i&gt; mengacu pada pengalaman
kaum aristokrasi di Yunani, Romawi dan sebagainya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;Gabungan
dari beberapa pola&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Beberapa
ahli melakukan penggabungan pola yang ada. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni-Halevy&lt;/i&gt;
dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni&lt;/i&gt; memberikan contoh tentang
teori konflik &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Karl Marx&lt;/i&gt;. Pandangan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Karl&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Marx&lt;/i&gt;
menyatakan bahwa sejarah manusia merupakan sejarah perjuangan terus- menerus
antara kelas-kelas dalam masyarakat sebenarnya mengandung benih pandangan
siklus karena setelah suatu kelas berhasil menguasai kelas lain menurutnya
siklus serupa akan berulang lagi. Ramalannya mengenai masyarakat komunis pun
mengandung pemikiran siklis, karena masyarakat komunis yang didambakan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Marx&lt;/i&gt; merupakan masyarakat yang menurut &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Marx&lt;/i&gt; pernah ada sebelum adanya
feodalisme dan kapitalisme – masyarakat yang tidak mengenal pembagian kerja,
yang di dalamnya konflik diganti dengan kerjasama. Namun dalam pemikiran &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Marx&lt;/i&gt; kita pun menjumpai pemikiran
linear: menurutnya perkembangan pesat kapitalisme akan memicu konflik antara
kaum buruh dengan kaum borjuis yang akan dimenangkan kaum buruh yang kemudian
akan membentuk masyarakat komunis. Pandangan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Marx&lt;/i&gt; mengenai perkembangan linear pun tercermin dari pandangannya
bahwa negara jajahan Barat pun akan melalui proses yang telah dialami
masyarakat Barat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;SV&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: SV;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni-Halevy&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Etzioni&lt;/i&gt; memberi contoh lain pemikiran &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Max Weber&lt;/i&gt; yang dinilai mengandung pemikiran siklus yaitu
pembedaannya antara tiga jenis wewenang: karismatis, rasional-legal dan
tradisional. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Weber&lt;/i&gt; melihat bahwa
wewenang yang ada dalam masyarakat akan beralih-alih: wewenang kharismatis akan
mengalami rutinitas sehingga beralih menjadi wewenang tradisional atau
rasio-legal; kemudian akan muncul lagi wewenang kharismatis, yang diikuti
dengan rutinisasi; dan seterusnya. Di lain pihak, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Weber&lt;/i&gt; pun melihat adanya perkembangan linear dalam masyarakat,
yaitu semakin meningkatnya rasionalitas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/7081442788038498860/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/pola-perubahan-sosial.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7081442788038498860'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7081442788038498860'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/pola-perubahan-sosial.html' title='POLA PERUBAHAN SOSIAL'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-7749664997288765743</id><published>2012-11-28T23:49:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-28T23:53:08.501+07:00</updated><title type='text'>PERUBAHAN SOSIAL</title><content type='html'>Dalam hidup bermasyarakat, dinamika masyarakat selalu terjadi, Salah satu bentuk dinamika masyarakat adalah perubahan sosial. Norma dijadikan sebagai pedoman perilaku. Akan tetapi, orang tidak dapat terus-menerus berpedoman pada satu norma saja. Pertama, individu itu dinamis (cenderung berkembang dan berubah), antara lain karena bertambahnya usia, semakin tingginya pendidikan, bertambahnya pengalaman, dan adanya peristiwa-peristiwa traumatik atau yang memuaskan. Kedua, lingkunganpun berubah (dengan ditemukannya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta semakin canggihnya sarana komunikasi, dan lain-lain). Misal, dulu belum ada keluarga berencana, telepon genggam dan faksimil, televisi, pesawat terbang, dan wanita yang bersekolah sekarang semuanya sudah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. 
Salah satu penelitian mengenai perubahan norma mengungkapkan bahwa dulu masalah khitan tidak pernah dipersoalkan, tetapi sekarang diperdebatkan dari sudut agama, kesehatan, hak asasi anak, dan sebagainya (Aldeeb, 1994). Penelitian lain juga mengungkapkan bahwa lulusan wanita dari Radcliff College, AS, angkatan 1964 lebih meragukan peran wanita dalam perkawinan daripada lulusan wanita angkatan 1947 dari college yang sama (Stewart &amp;amp; Ostrove, 1993).
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari perubahan norma dapat kita lihat, misalnya dalam peningkatan usia perkawinan, hubungan pria-wanita yang lebih longgar dan semakin serba boleh, kecepatan maksimum kendaraan di jalan raya (dulu 60 km, sekarang 100 km), semakin banyaknya jabatan yang dapat diisi oleh wanita, dan berbagai perubahan peraturan dalam tata-niaga, perbankan dan perekonomian, perubahan peraturan pemakaian radio amatir.
Perubahan-perubahan norma itu, yang semula berawal dari perubahan individu, pada gilirannya juga berpengaruh kembali pada perubahan individu itu sendiri. Jadi, perubahan sosial pada hakikatnya adalah kombinasi antara perubahan individu dan perubahan norma. Pendapat dan temuan para pakar mengenai hubungan antara perubahan individu dan perubahan sosial ini antara lain sebagai berikut:
1.	Menurut Smelser &amp;amp; Smelser (1990), perubahan sosial terjadi di berbagai tingkat, mulai dari tingkat pribadi, tingkat keluarga, lingkungan kecil sampai bangsa dan dunia. Tiap tahap ditandai oleh interaksi antara perubahan pribadi dan perubahan lingkungan. Kita harus mempelajari keduanya dan interaksi antar keduanya untuk dapat memperkenalkan perubahan sosial. Misalnya, wanita mengusahakan peningkatan derajat melalui berbagai proses dan kelompok. Mulai dari usaha pribadi (melarikan diri dari rumah, bersekolah, dan sebagainya), melibatkan wanita-wanita lain (organisasi wanita), sampai melibatkan organisasi-organisasi sosial, politik, keagamaan, pendidikan, organisasi campuran laki-perempuan, dan sebagainya (Mome, 1991).
2.	Ibu-ibu muslim di Inggris, walaupun mereka sendiri tidak sempat mengecap pendidikan tinggi, mengusahakan agar anak-anak perempuan mereka mendapat pendidikan yang lebih tinggi dari mereka sendiri (Osler &amp;amp; Hussain,1995).
3.	Di Ghana (Afrika), Islam merupakan jembatan dari pengobatan tradisional ke pengobatan modern (Barat) karena masyarakat mengidentifikasikan diri pada Islam dan Islam memperkenalkan pengobatan modern (Kirby, 1993).
4.	Keluarga-keluarga muslim di Malaysia, berada dalam konflik antara nilai-nilai adat, Islam, Cina, India, dan Eropa di lingkungan mereka sendiri (Kling, 1995).
5.	Dalam keadaan ragu atau kehilangan pedoman atau identitas diri diperlukan discounting, yaitu pengabaian ciri-ciri kelompok walaupun masih mempertahankan identitas kelompoknya melalui hal-hal berikut:
a.	Paksaan: misalnya harus tetap Islam walaupun ikut KB (pada masyarakat tertentu ciri Islam adalah tidak setuju KB).
b.	Pengecualian: dalam keadaan darurat boleh dilakukan sesuatu yang lazimnya dilarang, misalnya boleh ber-KB karena keadaan darurat walaupun Islam tetap melarangnya.
c.	Pengingkaran (denial): mengumpulkan ayat-ayat Al Qur’an dan hadis untuk membuktikan bahwa Islam pro-KB, tidak anti-KB.
d.	Penyembunyian (concealment): menyembunyikan hal-hal yang mendukung bahwa Islam anti-KB. 
6.	Dalam proses perubahan ini diperlukan pemimpin yang kuat untuk mempertahankan integrasi kelompok selama masa peralihan (Pestello, 1991). Di pihak lain, pemimpin yang kuat tidak berarti pemimpin yang terlalu ketat, kaku, dan otoriter. Kendali yang terlalu kuat dari pemimpin dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial dapat menyebabkan anggota kelompok berontak seperti yang terjadi pada anak-anak remaja yang memberontak pada orang tuanya yang terlalu keras (Franklin &amp;amp; Steeter, 1992).
7.	Prinsip untuk menjaga keutuhan dan stabilitas kelompok untuk jangka panjang dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial dan perubahan norma-norma yang terlalu cepat adalah harus selalu terbuka untuk negosiasi dengan anggota-anggota kelompok. Pendekatan yang terlalu menekankan pada nostalgia dan tradisional (upacara, ritual, kebiasaan, kenang-kenangan, dan lain-lain) harus diimbangi dengan pemberian kesempatan pada setiap individu untuk memilih alternatifnya sendiri (Settees, 1993).

</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/7749664997288765743/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/dalam-hidup-bermasyarakat-dinamika.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7749664997288765743'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7749664997288765743'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/dalam-hidup-bermasyarakat-dinamika.html' title='PERUBAHAN SOSIAL'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-7667873508398045453</id><published>2012-11-28T23:43:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-29T00:16:53.996+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>DEFINISI SEHAT DAN SAKIT</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;A.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sehat dari Berbagai Sudut Pandang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Konsep sehat dan
sakit sesungguhnya tidak terlalu mutlak dan universal karena ada faktor -faktor
lain di luar kenyataan klinis yang mempengaruhinya terutama faktor sosial
budaya. Kedua pengertian saling mempengaruhi dan pengertian yang satu hanya
dapat dipahami dalam konteks pengertian yang lain. Banyak ahli filsafat,
biologi, antropologi, sosiologi, kedokteran, dan lain-lain bidang ilmu
pengetahuan telah mencoba memberikan pengertian tentang konsep sehat dan sakit
ditinjau dari masing-masing disiplin ilmu. Masalah sehat dan sakit merupakan
proses yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan atau ketidakmampuan manusia beradap
-tasi dengan lingkungan baik secara biologis, psikologis maupun sosio budaya.
Berikut ini adalah berbagai sudut pandang yang mendefinisikan konsep sehat:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;msolistparagraph0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sehat
Menurut WHO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Menurut WHO
(1947), sehat&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dapat diartikan bahwa
suatu keadaan yang sempurna baik secara fisik, mental dan sosial serta tidak
hanya bebas dari penyakit atau kelemahan. Definisi WHO tentang sehat mempunyai
karakteristik berikut yang dapat meningkatkan konsep sehat yang po­sitif
(Edelman dan Mandle. 1994):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Memperhatikan
individu sebagai sebuah sistem yang menyeluruh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Memandang sehat dengan mengidentifikasi ling­kungan
internal dan eksternal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Penghargaan terhadap pentingnya peran individu
dalam hidup.&lt;br style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sehat Menurut Para Ahli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Neuman &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sehat adalah suatu
keseimbangan biopsiko – sosio – cultural dan spiritual pada tiga garis
pertahanan klien yaitu fleksibel, normal dan resisten.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Pender (1982)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sehat adalah perwujudan
individu yang diperoleh melalui kepuasan dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain
(Aktualisasi). Perilaku yang sesuai dengan tujuan, perawatan diri yang kompeten
sedangkan penyesesuaian diperlukan untuk mempertahankan stabilitas dan
integritas struktural.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;c.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Paune
(1983)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sehat adalah fungsi
efektif dari sumber-sumber perawatan diri (self care Resouces) yang menjamin
tindakan untuk perawatan diri ( self care actions) secara adekual. Self care
Resoureces : mencangkup pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap. Self care actions
adalah perilaku yang sesuai dengan tujuan diperlukan untuk memperoleh,
mempertahan kan dan menigkatkan fungsi psicososial dan spiritual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sehat Menurut Undang-Undang No.23 tahun
1992&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kesehatan adalah keadaan
sejahtera dari badan, jiwa dan sosial yang memungkinkan hidup produktif secara
sosial dan ekonomi. Dalam pengertian ini maka kesehatan harus dilihat sebagai
satu kesatuan yang utuh terdiri dari unsur-unsur fisik, mental dan sosial dan
di dalamnya kesehatan jiwa merupakan bagian integral kesehatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi sehat secara umum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sehat merupakan sebuah
keadaan yang sempurna dari seorang manusia, dimana tidak hanya terbebas dari
penyakit akan tetapi juga meliputi seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia yang
meliputi aspek fisik, emosi, sosial, mental dan spiritual yang memungkinkan
setiap orang hidup &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;produktif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt; secara
sosial dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;ekonomis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;B.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Definisi
Sakit dari Berbagai Sudut Pandang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;msolistparagraph0&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sakit Menurut UU No. 23 Tahun 1992&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Seseorang dikatakan sakit
apabila ia menderita penyakit menahun (kronis) atau gangguan kesehatan lain
yang menyebabkan aktivitas kerja atau kegiatannya terganggu. Walaupun seseorang
sakit, istilah masuk angin , pilek tetapi bila ia tidak terganggu untuk
melaksanakan kegiatannya maka ia dianggap tidak sakit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sakit Menurut Ahli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;a.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Parson (1972)
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sakit adalah gangguan dalam fungsi normal individu
sebagai totalitas, termasuk keadaan organisme sebagai system biologis dan
penyesuaian sosialnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;b.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Bauman (1965)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Seseorang
menggunakan tiga kriteria untuk menentukan apakah mereka sakit :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Adanya gejala
: naiknya temperature, nyeri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Persepsi
tentang bagaimana mereka merasakan : baik, buruk, sakit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kemampuan
untuk melaksanakan aktivitas sehari-hari : bekerja, sekolah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Definisi Sakit Secara Umum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Penyakit adalah suatu
keadaan abnormal dari tubuh atau pikiran berupa gangguan dalam fungsi normal
individu sebagai totalitas yang menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan disfungsi atau
kesukaran terhadap orang yang dipengaruhinya yang menyebabkan aktivitas kerja
atau kegiatannya terganggu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/7667873508398045453/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/definisi-sehat-dan-sakit.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7667873508398045453'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/7667873508398045453'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/definisi-sehat-dan-sakit.html' title='DEFINISI SEHAT DAN SAKIT'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-678031357152117792</id><published>2012-11-28T09:51:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-28T09:53:44.113+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pengetahuan"/><title type='text'>STATISTIKA DISKRIPTIF</title><content type='html'>PENGERTIAN STATISTIK DESKRIPTIF&lt;br /&gt;
.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Arti dan Kegunaan Data&lt;br /&gt;
Mengamati kehidupan sehari-hari dari seseorang/individu dapat dikumpulkan informasi mengenai berbagai hal tentang individu tersebut, misalnya: besarnya pendapatan perbulan, besarnya pengeluaran untuk makanan, minuman, sandang, perumahan dan lainnya perbulan. Begitu juga dalam sebuah rumah tangga, selain informasi tersebut di atas, informasi lainnya yang dapat dikumpulkan adalah antara lain: jumlah anak yang dimiliki, jumlah anggota rumah tangga seluruhnya, pendidikan kepala rumah tangga dan anggota rumah tangga lainnya, status kepemilikan rumah/tempat tinggal, jumlah kendaraan bermotor yang dimiliki dan lain sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;
Dalam skala besar, mengumpulkan informasi seperti tersebut di atas dari seluruhrumah tangga yang ada di negara ini juga dapat dilakukan. Dari hasil pengumpulan data ini dapat diketahui antara lain mengenai: jumlah penduduk seluruhnya, jumlah penduduk menurut propinsi, jumlah penduduk menurut tingkat pendidikan, jumlah rumah tangga, dan sebagainya. Data ini dapat dipakai sebagai acuan/dasar bagi pemerintah atau lembaga lainnya untuk merencanakan suatu program, mendapatkan solusi dari suatu permasalahan, mengambil suatu keputusan, dilakukan suatu kebijakan, dan sebagainya. Data yang dikumpulkan dapat dilakukan di berbagai bidang misalnya: perdagangan, perindustrian, kependudukan, sosial, jasa, pertanian, keuangan, pendidikan, dan sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;
Statistik Deskriptip:&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mengumpulkan data/informasi;&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mengolah data hasil pengumpulan;&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; menyajikan data hasil pengolahan;&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; menganalisis data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tipe Skala Pengukuran Data&lt;br /&gt;
a.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Skala Nominal&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ada 2 atau lebih spesifikasi&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Contoh:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Laki-laki ; Perempuan&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Gemuk ; kurus&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Besar ; sedang ; kecil&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Baik ; sedang ; buruk&lt;br /&gt;
b.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Skala Ordinal&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Data yang diukur mempunyai urutan kualitas&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Contoh:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ranking 1 ; ranking 2 ; ranking 3&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Jenderal ; Brigjen ; Letjen&lt;br /&gt;
-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Gol IV ; Gol III ; Gol II ; Gol I&lt;br /&gt;
c.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Skala Interval&lt;br /&gt;
Contoh:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ukuran temperatur udara 00 Fahrenheit = - 180 Celcius&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 00 Fahrenheit bukan berarti tidak ada temperatur&lt;br /&gt;
d.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Skala Ratio&lt;br /&gt;
Contoh: mengukur panjang, lebar, berat, tinggi, isi, dan sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Pengumpulan dan Pengolahan Data&lt;br /&gt;
Pengumpulan Data&lt;br /&gt;
a.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sensus&lt;br /&gt;
Mengumpulkan data dari seluruh obyek pengamatan/populasi.&lt;br /&gt;
b.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Survei&lt;br /&gt;
Mengumpulkan data dari sebagian obyek pengamatan/sebagian dari populasi.&lt;br /&gt;
Sebagian dari populasi = sampel&lt;br /&gt;
c.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Eksperimen&lt;br /&gt;
d.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Studi Kasus&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/678031357152117792/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/statistika-diskriptif.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/678031357152117792'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/678031357152117792'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/statistika-diskriptif.html' title='STATISTIKA DISKRIPTIF'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-6676361908398091730</id><published>2012-11-06T02:00:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-06T02:00:22.445+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="jepang corner"/><title type='text'>Jikoshoukai (Perkenalan Diri)</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
	{mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
	mso-style-noshow:yes;
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
	mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
	mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
	line-height:115%;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
	mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
	mso-fareast-language:JA;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Perkenalan
Diri (&lt;i&gt;Jikoshoukai&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;自己紹介&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hajimemashite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;はじめまして&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Senang bertemu Anda.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Watashi wa …. desu&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしは&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;です&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Saya (nama saya) adalah …&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Douzo yoroshiku&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;どうぞよろしく&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= Mohon bimbingannya (arti harfiahnya = mohon kebaikan Anda)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dalam Bahasa Jepang, Jikoshoukai biasanya
ada 3 urutan yang umum diucapkan, seperti pada contoh di atas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Memulai perkenalan diri. Senang
     berkenalan dengan Anda. Nice to meet you (dlm bhs Inggris). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hajimemashite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;はじめまして&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Memperkenalkan diri.
     Perkenalkan nama, kebangsaan, pekerjaan, dll atribut Anda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi wa … desu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしは&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;です&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      = Saya (nama saya) adalah …&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi no namae wa … desu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしの名前は&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;です&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      = Nama saya adalah …&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Namae wa … desu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;名前は&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;です&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      = Nama (saya) adalah …&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi wa … to moushimasu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしは&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;と申します&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      = Saya dipanggil (nama saya) … &amp;lt;– jauh lebih sopan/ menghormat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mohon bombingannya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Yoroshiku, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;よろしく&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Douzo yoroshiku, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;どうぞよろしく&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 72.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Douzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;どうぞよろしくおねがいします&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
      &amp;lt;– paling sopan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pada bagian (2) memperkenalkan
atribut diri, bisa dikembangkan misalnya :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi wa
Indoneshia no Andi desu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしはインドネシアのアンディーです&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Saya Andi yang berkebangsaan Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi wa
Indoneshia jin desu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしはインドネシアじんです&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Saya orang Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi wa
Indoneshia kara kimashita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしはインドネシアからきました&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Saya datang dari Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Watashi wa
sensei desu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;わたしはせんせいです&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
= Saya adalah guru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Jika perkenalan diri sudah selesai,
maka pihak lawan bicara akan menjawab :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kochira
koso yoroshiku onegai shimasu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;こちらこそよろしくおねがいします&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Saya juga mohon bimbingan Anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Contoh
Percakapan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Misalnya, Andi, seorang mahasiswa
dari Indonesia datang ke Jepang, kemudian memperkenalkan diri kepada Tn Nakata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tn. Andi :
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hajimemashite. Watashi wa Andi to
moushimasu. Indoneshia kara kimashita. Watashi wa gakusei desu. Douzo yoroshiku
onegai shimasu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tn. Nakata
: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kochira koso yoroshiku onegai
shimasu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kosa Kata
Baru :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Na-ma-e, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;名前&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = nama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sen-sei, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;せんせい&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = guru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ga-ku-sei, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;がくせい&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = mahasiswa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ka-i-sya-in, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;かいしゃいん&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = karyawan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kei-sa-tsu-kan, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;けいさつかん&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = polisi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;I-sya, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;いしゃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = dokter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kan-go-fu, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;かんごふ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = perawat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hi-syo, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ひしょ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = sekretaris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;In-do-ne-shi-a, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;インドネシア&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; =
Indonesia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A-me-ri-ka, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;アメリカ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Amerika (Serikat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Me-ki-shi-ko, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;メキシコ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Meksiko&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fu-ran-su, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;フランス&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Perancis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;I-gi-ri-su, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;イギリス&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Inggris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Oo-su-to-ra-ri-a, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;オ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ストラリア&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = Australia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;お誕生日おめでとうございます&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Otanjoubi omedetou gozaimas&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat ulang tahun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;結婚おめでとうございます&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kekkon omedetou gozaimas&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat menikah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;明けましておめでとうございます&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Akemashite omedetou gozaimas&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat tahun baru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;お早うございます&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ohayou gozaimas&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat pagi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;こんにちは&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Konnichiwa&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat siang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;こんばんは&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Konbanwa&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat sore/ malam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;お休みなさい&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Oyasuminasai&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat malam (arti harfiahnya : selamat beristirahat)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;JA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;MS Mincho&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;さようなら&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sayounara&lt;br /&gt;
Selamat tinggal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/6676361908398091730/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/jikoshoukai-perkenalan-diri.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/6676361908398091730'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/6676361908398091730'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/jikoshoukai-perkenalan-diri.html' title='Jikoshoukai (Perkenalan Diri)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-6060880632726370928</id><published>2012-11-06T01:42:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-06T01:42:00.250+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Manfaat Sistem Informasi pada Statistika Indonesia</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;59&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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Sistem informasi merupakan hal yang penting bagi perstatistikan nasional karena dengan adanya informasi yang lengkap dan akurat maka mutu data yang akan di berikan BPS kepada masyarakat akan lebih cepat sehingga upddate data semakin cepat.Jika dikaji dari aspek pemanfaatan, karakteristik, dan sifat pertukarannya, informasi secara garis besar dipilah dalam tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah informasi yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan tugas pokok dan fungsi utama setiap organisasi; informasi tentang perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pemantauan pembangunan termasuk dalam kelompok ini. Kelom­pok kedua adalah informasi yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya pendukung bagi terselenggaranya tugas pokok dan fungsi utama setiap organisasi; informasi tentang keuangan, kepegawaian, per­lengkapan/inventaris, peraturan, pengelolaan dokumen, dan kegiat­an perkantoran, termasuk dalam kelompok ini. Kelompok ketiga adalah informasi yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan dan jasa serta penerangan bagi masyarakat yang bersifat umum, bebas, dan terbuka, yang berkenaan dengan berbagai kegiatan kehidupan; informasi tentang cuaca, jadwal perjalanan kereta api, investasi, industri dan teknologi, tenaga kerja, transportasi, perdagangan, dan masalah umum lainnya termasuk dalam kelompok ini. Dampak positif dari pengembangan sistem informasi yang telah dilaksanakan selama ini, antara lain tersedianya data dan informasi yang lebih akurat, lebih lengkap, dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, dan lebih mudah diakses; adanya perbaikan dalam pengelolaan administra- si; meningkatnya kecepatan proses, efisiensi dalam pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsi; meningkatnya komunikasi internal dan eksternal; serta meningkatnya produktivitas dan kemampuan sumberdaya manusia di bidang sistem informasi.Di bidang statistik, sasaran pembangunan statistik adalah berkem- bangnya sistem perstatistikan nasional yang makin terpadu dan andal, yang mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas pembangunan secara sektoral, lintas sektor, nasional, dan regional. Dengan demi- kian, diharapkan proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan di semua kegiatan, baik oleh pihak pemerintah maupun pihak swasta, dapat menggunakan data statistik yang akurat dan tepat-waktu. Sampai tahun ketiga Repelita VI, usaha pencapaian sasaran ini dilakukan melalui pelaksanaan program penyempurnaan dan pengembangan statistik, program pengembangan informasi statistik, serta program pendidikan, pelatihan, dan penyuluhan statistik. Dalam tahun 1996/97 program penyempurnaan dan pengem- bangan statistik, sebagai program pokok, dilakukan melalui kegiatan: pengumpulan dan pengolahan data statistik bidang pertanian, industri, distribusi, sosial kependudukan, dan neraca nasional; pengkajian dan analisis statistik; penyempurnaan teknik statistik; pengembangan sistem pengolahan dan penyajian; pengembangan tata-cara kerja dari kegiatan statistik, termasuk teknik pengumpulan data, cakupan data dan pembagian kerja antar instansi; pengembangan kelembagaan statis- tik di daerah, baik tingkat propinsi, kabupaten/kotamadya maupun kecamatan; serta penyempurnaan sarana dan prasarana yang mampu meningkatkan mutu, kelengkapan, dan kecepatan penyajian data statistik. Kegiatan penyempurnaan kelembagaan statistik pada tahun 1996/97 diarahkan untuk mendukung pengembangan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan statistik. Salah satu kemajuan penting dalam bidang perstatistikan adalah diundangkannya UU No. 16 Tahun 1997 Tentang Statistik pada bulan Mei 1997. UU ini menggantikan UU No. 6 tahun 1960 tentang Sensus dan UU No. 7 tentang Statistik tahun 1960. Dengan demikian diharapkan pembangunan bidang statistik, termasuk pengaturan kelembagaan statistik, dapat lebih berhasil-guna dan berdaya-guna di masa-masa mendatang.Pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM) di bidang informasi dan statistik mendapat perhatian yang besar. Hal ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan pendidikan dan pelatihan pada berbagai instansi, maupun pendidikan formal di bidang teknologi informasi di pusat dan daerah. Jumlah mahasiswa dan lulusan perguruan tinggi negeri dan perguruan tinggi swasta yang membuka program pendidikan bidang informatika/ komputer semakin meningkat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga profesional di bidang teknologi informasi.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/6060880632726370928/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/manfaat-sistem-informasi-pada.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/6060880632726370928'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/6060880632726370928'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/manfaat-sistem-informasi-pada.html' title='Manfaat Sistem Informasi pada Statistika Indonesia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9161366565394235794.post-2848382581262260150</id><published>2012-11-06T01:30:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-11-06T01:30:40.256+07:00</updated><title type='text'>JENIS SENSUS DAN SURVEY</title><content type='html'>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Badan Pusat Statistik adalah Lembaga Pemerintahan Non-Departemen yang bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden. Berdasarkan undang undang UU Nomor 16 tahun 1997, peranan yang harus dilakukan Badan Pusat Statistik&amp;nbsp; sebagai lembaga pencacahan yang independent memiliki dua program setiap tahunnya yaitu survey dan dalam jangka waktu beberapa tahun sekali akan dilakukan sensus.&lt;br /&gt;Sensus adalah cara pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui pemcacaham semua unit populasi di seluruh wilayah Republik Indonesia untuk memperoleh karakteristik suatu populasi pada saat tertentu dan dalam waktu tertentu. Sensus dilakukan dalam suatu ruang lingkup yang besar sehingga memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama dan tenggang satu sensus ke sensus yang lain pun lama dan memerlukan biaya yang lebih besar karena data ini sangat akurat dan dapat di pertanggung jawabkan.&lt;br /&gt;Didalam BPS terdapat banyak jenis sensus, diantaranya :&lt;br /&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sensus Penduduk&lt;br /&gt;Sensus penduduk adalah cara pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui pencacahan seluruh penduduk yang bertempat tinggal atau berada di wilayah Republik Indonesia untuk memperoleh karakteristik penduduk pada saat tertentu. Sensus penduduk dilakukan pada tahun yang berakhiran 0, Pencacahan dalam sensus penduduk dilaksanakan untuk mengumpulkan karakteristik pokok dan rinci terhadap seluruh penduduk.Karakteristik pokok dan rinci sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat mencakup karakteristik tentang penduduk, perumahan dan lingkungannya, dan karakteristik lain yang termasuk dalam lingkup statistik dasar bidang kependudukan. Sensus penduduk ini penting bagi Indonesia karena dapat menentukan kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh istana agar masalah kependudukan tidak menjadi buruk dan dapat ditangani secara optimal dan efisien. Selain untuk melihat dan merancang bagaimana pemerintah menyiapkan solusi buat permasalahan kependudukan yang akan dihadapi oleh pemerintahan Indonesia mendatang juga untuk melihat bagaimana pertumbuhan penduduk yang akan terjadi di masa datang dan cara mencegah pertumbuhan tersebut. Sensus penduduk juga bisa melihat margin antara laki laki dan perempuan sehingga dapat mengetahui perkiraan perkembangan di masa depan &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sensus Pertanian&lt;br /&gt;Sensus pertanian adalah cara pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui pencacahan seluruh petani, rumah tangga pertanian, dan perusahaan pertanian di wilayah Republik Indonesia untuk memperoleh karakteristik pertanian pada saat tertentu. Sensus pertanian di lakukan di tahun yang berakhiran 3 dan akan di lakukan tahun depan. Sensus Pertanian sangat di perlukan mengingat negara Indonesia adalah negara agraris dan perlu mengembangkan dengan pesat pertanian di Indonesia. Sekarang ini Indonesia sangat membutuhkan rencana untuk mengembangkan perekonomian yang saat ini banyak melakukan impor pangan, hal ini sangat ironis melihat betapa luas lahan yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia akan tetapi belum di optimalkan dan masih menjadi lahan kosong yang tak produktif. Dengan di laksanakanya sensus pertanian ini diharapkan pemerintah mampu meluhat dan menyusun rencana bagaimana mengoptimalkan lahan agar Indonesia tak lagi mengimpor bahan pangan dari luar negeri, selain bisa menguntungkan dan mengurangi beban APBN yang membengkak karena beban impor pangan yang terlalu berlebihan. Petani dan masyarakat bagaimana caranya agar melirik lagi agribisnis, selain itu kesejahteraan petani pun akan bisa terangkat karena data BPS akan membantu jika di analisis dan dicari solusinya dengan benar. Dengan sensus pertanian di harapkan mampu mengangkat ekonomi dan terus memanfaatkan lahan yang ada.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sensus Ekonomi&lt;br /&gt;Sensus ekonomi adalah cara pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui pencacahan seluruh usaha dan atau perusahaan non pertanian di wilayah Republik Indonesia untuk memperoleh karakteristik usaha dan atau perusahaan pada saat tertentu. Sensus ini di lakukan dengan tahun yang berakhiran angka 6. Sensus ekonomi mencacah ekonomi di indonesia selain pertanian. Ekonomi di indonesia sekarang ini mengalami tren naik yang lumayan baik dan mampu mengangkat derajat bangsa indonesia di kancah internasional. Akan tetapi menurut data BPS angka itu masih jauh dari ynag di harapkan karena perkiraan BPS lebih besar dari pada itu dan masih akan terus berjalan naik jika tak ada suatu hal yang membuat grafik tersebut jatuh. Sensus ekonomi ini sangat penting dalam merancang APBN sepuluh tahun kedepan. Ekonomi di indonesia umumnya belum di manfaatkan secra optimal. Dan perhatioan dari [pemerintah di pusat sangat kurang sehingga tak tahu bagaimana harus bertindak dan takut untuk gagal. Di sini sensus ekonomi sangat lah penting untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis ulang bagaimana pemerintah herus bertindak. Badan Pusat Statistik sangat mengharapkan pemerintah tanggap dan menanggapi data yang diberikan dan dianalisis dengan benar dan tak salah melakukan kebijakan yang tak berpihak untuk rakyat. Walaupun begitu sensus ekonomi ini tak akan membantu jika di biarkan menjadi data kosong yang tak ditanggapi dengan benar oleh pemerintah. Sensus ekonom mencatat berbagai kegiatan dan keadaan ekonomi di seluruh wilayah indonesia, jadi Badan Pusat Statistik mengetahui bagaimana keadaan indonesia yang sebenarnya, kesenjangan ekonomi pun sangat terlihat. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sensus Ternak Sapi&lt;br /&gt;Sensus sapi adalah pengumpulan data keberadaan dan jumlah sapi dan kerbau di seluruh wilayah Republik Indonesia. Sensus ini merupakan rangkaian dari sensus pertanian namun dilakukan di waktu yang berbeda sensus Ternak ini mencacah ternak sapi dan ternak kerbau yang ada di indonesia. Mencatat bagaimana dari berat dan jenis sapi dan kerbau di indonesia. Survey mencatat bahwa indonesia sapi nya kulaitas menengah kebawahkarena kesalahan pemeliharaan sapi yang sama sekali tak efektif dan tak ada penyuluhan dari pemerintah pusat. Sensus Ternak Sapi ini sangat penting untuk melihat bagaimana ternak ternak ini dan&amp;nbsp; keadaan sebenarnya. Seperti data yang lain, data itu bisa di olah dan nanti akan bertemu solusi yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya, sensus ternak ini jangan di sepelekan karena kebutuhan daging di indonesia banyak dan pengusaha ternak sapi pun masih terus berfikir ulang untuk menggeluti usaha ini. Dengan sensus ternak diharapkan mampu memberi gambaran yang jealas tentang ternak sapi maupun kerbau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sensus Industri Penggilingan Padi&lt;br /&gt;Sensus Industri Penggilingan Padi adalah pengumpulan data keberadaan, penyebaran, aktivitas dan karakteristik kegiatan penggilingan padi di wilsyah Republik Indonesia dalam waktu tertentu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Survey adalah kegiatan pengambilan data yang di lakukan secara sampling untuk melihat secara khusus suatu pendataan untuk memperkirakan karakteristik suatu populasi pada saat tertentu. Survey biasanya adalah turunan dari sensus sensus pokok yang di lakukan oleh BPS dan biasnya survey dilakuakan agar bisa mengontrol perkembangan dari tahun ke tahun.&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa contoh survey yang di laksanakan bps&lt;br /&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sarkenas&lt;br /&gt;Sarkenas atau survey angkatan kerja adalah pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui sampling untuk melihat berapa banyak jumlah angkatan kerja yang terdapat di Indonesia dan menghitung angkatan kerja yang masih produktif dan yang tidak produktif dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Dnegan dilakuklan sampling walau tak terlalu valid akan tetapi sudah mampu mewakili keadaan yang sebenarnya, sarkenas ini sangat penting di lakuakn karena bisa melihat berapa banyak angkatan kerja aktif maupun tak aktif yang ada di indonesia dan terus menerus mensosialisasikan angkatan kerja ini bisa menjadi angkatan kerja yang produktif, dengan SDM yang membaik di yakini bahwa kompetisi mencari pekerjaan pun semakin berat dari sebelumnya. Disinilah tugas pemerintah menganalisis data yang di beriakan oleh BPS agar dapat menemukan solusi yang bagus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Susenas &lt;br /&gt;Susenas atau survey sosial ekonomi nasional adalah pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui sampling untuk mencari data berapa tingkat status seseorang di masyarakat dan status ekonomi di tingkat nasional. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Survey penduduk antar sensus&lt;br /&gt;Survey penduduk antar sensus adalah pengumpulan data secara sampling untuk menghitung jumlah penduduk di Indonesia, survey ini mirip sensus penduduk dan di laksanakan di tengah tengah waktu rentan sensus penduduk yaitu pada tahun yang berakhiran lima. Survey ini mirip sensus kependudukan yang dilakukan setiap tahun yang berakhiran 0, fungsinya pun sama tak jauh beda, mungkin ketepatan saja lah yang membedakan keduanya. Sensus penduduk lebih tepat dari pada survey penduduk antar sensus. Walaupun begitu survey ini penting karena untuk melihat secara abstrak pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia bisa melihat dan menganalisis di data ini, dengan survey ini diharapkan mampu menghadirkan dan memberi penjelasan dan rencana selanjutnya untuk memilih kebijakan mengenai masalah kependudukan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Survey harga konsumen&lt;br /&gt;Survey harga konsumen adalah pengumpulan sampling yang dilakukan untuk menghitung tingkat konsumeris di Indonesia dan perbandingannya di lakukan pada waktu tertentu.&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/feeds/2848382581262260150/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/jenis-sensus-dan-survey.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2848382581262260150'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9161366565394235794/posts/default/2848382581262260150'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://icecreamcocholate.blogspot.com/2012/11/jenis-sensus-dan-survey.html' title='JENIS SENSUS DAN SURVEY'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10341131062200480024</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry></feed>