Mirror Of Bangladesh

Chittagong Port - The Largest Sea Port of Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Wed, 06 Jun 2012 14:45:00 +0000

The Port of Chittagong is the principal Port of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. It is situated on the right bank of the river Karnafuli at a distance of about 9 nautical miles from the shore line of the Bay of Bengal. River Karnafuli rising in the Lushai Hill falls in the Bay of Bengal after taking a winding course of 120 nautical miles through the districts of Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Chittagong Port Office

The history of Chittagong Port can be traced back to the 4th century BC. During the 9th-15th century AD, Chittagong was known as ‘SHETGANG’ to earlyEuropean mariners. In the 16th century, Portuguese sailors took great interest in the locality around Chittagong which was then popularly known as ‘PORTE GRANDE’. The port was established at its present location in 1887. By 1910, four jetties were constructed to handle 0.5 million tons of cargo annually. Since then the port has grown gradually to its present shape.

SEAWARD LIMIT

With Patenga Beacon as centre if an arc is drawn seaward with a radius of 5.5 nautical miles till it intercepts the coast line at positions :-

Lat 220 18'45" N. Long. 91046'30"E in the North and Lat 22008'13"N.Long 91050'00"E in the South, the area enclosed within the extremities if the arc will from the Seaward limit of the Port of Chittagong.

SERVICE AND FACILITIES

Pilotage is compulsory for ocean going vessels. The entrance to the river is constantly changing and no vessel should attempt to enter without pilot. Pilot boards approximately 2 nautical miles seaward of the outer Bar Buoy.

In the moderate heavy weather a lee must be made for the Pilot Boat. The vessel receiving a Pilot is required to wait at the pilot ground near the entrance all clear of anchor taking into consideration the effect of tide and other conditions to facilitate boarding of the pilot in good time to be able to avail of the tide for entering and berthing etc. The propelling distance from the pilot ground to the main jetties is approximately 11 nautical miles and the distance has to be covered at variable speed in defferent sections of the river. Inward ships must present themselves at pilot ground at least 3 hours before the high water to enter on a particular day. This of course, is subject to the availability of berth and having permissible draft and length etc.

The ship movements generally commence about 5 to 5 hours before the day's high water and the tides have been termed Day or Night taking this factor into consideration.

During the spring tide/Freshet/Foul weather vessels under 7 knots will not be normally handled and such vessels will be classed grade 2 for operation purpose. Agents of such vessel are required to consult the Deputy conservator well in advance.

Masters are advised to manoeuvre with great care while receiving and disembarking pilots.

Vessels due for entering in the next 24 hours must anchor in Anchorage B. Keep R.T. Watch at least 3 hours before the pilot boarding time and also display her signal letters.

Incoming vessels normally enter with the flood time. The normal manoeuvre is to snub with the starboard anchor and proceed to berth/mooring after heaving up and finally go alongside using the port anchor.

NIGHT NAVIGATION

Night Navigation vessels upto 153.00M length with draft having 0.50M less than the days permissible draft will be allowed to take berth during Night (6 pm to 6 AM) at the Jetties from J/ltoj/13, MPB/1, MPB/2, DDJ/1, DDJ/2 and CUFLJ only.

Vessels with midship bridge upto 165.00 m & Vessels with AFT. Bridge upto 153.00 M Length having 0.30m (1.ft) Less than the day's permissible draft will be allowed to sail out during Night from j/1 to j/13, MPB/1, MPB/2, CCJ, GSJ, TSP, DOJ. DDJ/1, DDJ/2, & CUFL only.

Vessels with bridge on the BOW & vessels having containers on deck obstructing clear view of forward, will not be handled during night.

Vessel will not be allowed to take berth at or to sail out from jetty no.14,15,17, RM/3, RM/5, RM/6, RM/8 & RM/9 During night.

CPA'S JETTY BERTH

There are 15 Jetties of which 13 are provided with shore cranes and Railway tarcks, 11 are provided with Transit sheds. Vessels upto 185.91 M (LOA) may be berthed at a single cement concrete main Jetty. Backyard facilities are there for handling container/container cargo vessels.

PUBLIC SECTOR JETTIES

For bulk cargoes like Wheat, Cement Clinkers, Rock Phospates and Urea Fertilizer etc. the following Jetties are available.

(A) FOR OCEAN GOING VESSELS

1) Cement Clinker Jetty for vessels upto 167.63M.

2) Grain Silo Main Jetty for vessels upto 185.91 M. LOA.

3) T.S.P Jetty for Vessels upto 175.25M.

4) DDJ/1 & DDJ/2 Two or more vessels having total LOA 302M and having draft not more than 7.00 M may be berthed.

5) Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Jetty for Vessels upto 176M. can be loaded upto maximum draft of 8.50 M.?

6) KAFCO-1 (UREA) & KAFCO-2 (AMONIA) Vessels having maximum length upto 185.91M and be loaded upto maximum draft of 9.14 M. (To be commissioned soon) .

(B) FOR COASTERS AND INLAND VESSELS

Grain Silo Lighter Jetty for inland vessels and I.W.T. Vessels/crafts.

LIGHTER JETTIES

(1) L.J. NO.1 - Permanent cement concrete Jetty with 122 M. Jetty face at Sadarghat for coasters and inland vessels upto 70M. length vessels with dry cargo.

(2) L.J. No.2 - with Pontoon and shore connection (at New Mooring) for coasters and inland vessels upto 76M. With dry cargo.

(3) L.J. No.3 - with Pontoon and shore connection (jamuna) for inland tankers and vessels upto 76M. with POL in Bulk.

(4) L.J. No.4 - with Pontoon and shore connection (Meghna) for inland tankers and vessels upto 75M. with POL in Bulk.

(5) L.J. No.5 - with Pontoon and shore connection (ITT) for inland tankers and vessels upto 75M. with edible oil in Bulk.

(6) L.J. No.6-with cement concrete Jetty (PADMA) for inland tankers and vessels upto 70M. for bulk Pol.

MOORING BERTHS

1) River Mooring No.3 for ships upto 182.87 M. LOA and 7.61M. Draft with dry cargo and edible oil for over side work.

2) River Mooring No.4-with Pontoon and shore connection for vessels upto 170.67M. LOA and 9.14M. draft with edible oil and POL in bulk.

3) River Mooring No.5-with Pontoon ans shore connection for vessels upto 185.91 M. LOA and 9.14M draft with POL.

4) River Mooring No.6-with Pontoon and Shore connection for vessels upto 185.91 M. LOA and 9.14 M. Draft with POL.

5) Dolphine Oil Jetty: For vessels upto 185.91 M.LOA and 9.14 M draft for discharging Crude Oil.

6) River Mooring No. 8 for vessels upto 185.91 M. LOA and 8.0M draft with dry bulk cargo for handling through lighters.

7) River Mooring No.9-for vessels upto 185.91 M. LOA and 6.OM draft for repair of vessels.laying off.

HANDLING EQUIPMENT

(A) Shore Crane

There are 32 portal level luffing Electric cranes of 3 tons capacity each with 2 radius of 19.81 and 25M.

(B) Other Handling Appliances

Description Capacity Number Fork Lift Truck 5 Ton 7 Nos (1 at LCD) Fork Lift Truck 3 Ton 43 Nos. Mobile Crane 30 Ton 2 Nos. Mobile Crane 20 Ton 3 Nos. Mobile Crane 10 Ton 5 Nos. Mobile Crane 6 Ton 11 Nos. Heavy Tractor 25 Ton 5 Nos. Light Tractor 6 Ton 18 Nos. Heavy Trailer 25 Ton 15 Nos. Light Trailer 6 Ton 37 Nos.

Other Appliances JCBC handling attachment 7 Nos. Drum handling attachment 9 Nos. Bale handling attachment 1 Nos. Fork extention 6 Nos.

CLEARANCE OF CARGO FROM THE PORT

This port is connected with the hinterland by Bangladesh Railway, the inland Water ways through the Bay of Bangal and the Road net work.

Clearance of Dry cargo from the Port by the three modes of transport viz. Rail, Road and River, were approximately 4,93,578 M.T. 36,59,859 M.T. & 8,96,744 M.T. respectively during the period 1994-95.

LIGHTERAGE OF CARGO

The deep draft vessels can be lightered at the Outer Anchorage. This is to be restored to for vessels of deeper draft kutubdia. Depending on the Quanram involved in lighterage T-2 Type tankers and liberty vessels are arranged on character by the concerened Agencies from abroad or from the Bangladesh Shipping Corporation. Except the Ocean going Tankers and Vessels of Bangladesh Shipping Corporation engaged in lighterage, local lighterage, fleet consist of tankers each of approximately 1,000 tons capacity and coaster each of the capacity of 300 to 1000 tons owned by the Public and Private Sectors are deployed. Besides these country craft each of 20 to 80 tons capacity in private sector and steel barges each of 300 to 500 tons capacity in the public and private sectors are available to carry out lighterages work. The cargo from such lighters intended to be discharged at the Chittagong port is handled at a vacant jetty or in between the two vessels alongside the jetties. Cargo discharged into lighters at Outer Anchorage may also be directly transported to inland river ports and Mongla Port the Second international Port f the country, with prior permission of the port and Customs Authorities.

Due to rough sea during inclement weather, lightered at outer Anchorage and also Kutubdia during Mid April to Mid October might become difficult and Uncertain at times.

SUPPLY OF WATER, BUNKER & PROVISION

Fresh water is available at all the Chittagong Port Authority Jetties. Water is also supplied by Propelled water Barges to vessels inside Port and at the Outer Anchorage. Due to rough sea and inclement weather, water supply at the outer anchorage is affected often during Mid April to Mid October. Oil bunkers can be supplied to the vessels at the Oil Moorings. In emergent cases, Oil companies may undertake supply of Bunkers by inland tankers.

Coal Bunkers are available and supplies can be obtained by the Master/Local Agents through the Assistant Controller of Coal, Chittagong.

Fresh meat, fish, vegetable, milk, egg, rice, wheat, bread abd butter etc, are available for supply.

MEDICAL FACILITIES

Necessary medical facilities to offers and Crews of vessels may be made available at Chittagong Port Authority Hospital On request against payment of this may be privately arranged through the local Agents concered.

REPAIRING FACILITY

Quite a good number of small Marine Workshop are available and they can carry out the repair of the vessels. There is one ship Reparing Yard in Chittagong in which ships upto 560 ft. 10A 16,500 DWT can be drydocked. A few number of electric workshop are also available in Chittagong.

Repairing facility at the Moorings used for Dry Cargo may be allowed only for reasonable period with the prior permission of the Deputy Conservator and the Director Traffic.

UNDER WATER DIVING SERVICE

Such services can be made available by the Port Authority on hire charge basis.

MARINE SALVAGE FACILITIES

The Port Authority operates a small Marine Salvage Unit Services of personnel and equipment are available on hire charge basis.

RAIL & AIR TERMINALS

Chittagong is a terminal of Bangladesh Railway. There is an Airport close to the Harbour and regular Air Services are available from Chittagong to the rest of the Country.

There is regular communication by sea with the Port of the World.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - The Father Of Nation

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sun, 03 Jun 2012 09:52:00 +0000

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Some of the biographers of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman have said that he was the most astonishing and much talked about leader in South East Asia. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman charismatic leader, President and Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Bangabandhu, the architect of Bangladesh, was a founding member of the East Pakistan Muslim Students League (est. 1948), one of the founding joint secretaries of the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League (est. 1949), general secretary of the awami league (1953-1966), president of the Awami League (1966-1974), president of Bangladesh (in absentia from 26 March 1971 to 11 January 1972), prime minister of Bangladesh (1972-24 January1975), president of Bangladesh (25 January 1975-15 August 1975).

Birth:

Born on 17 March 1920 in the village Tungipara under the gopalganj Sub-division (currently district) in the district of Faridpur. He was born in a middle class Bangalee family. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's father, Sheikh Lutfar Rahman, was a serestadar in the civil court of Gopalganj.

Education:

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman passed his matriculation from Gopalganj Missionary School in 1942, IA (Twelfth Grade) from Islamia College, Calcutta in 1944 and BA from the same College in 1947.

Early Political Life:

His political life began as an humble worker while he was still a student. He was fortunate to come in early contact with such towering personalities as Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy and A K Fazlul Huq, both charismatic Chief Ministers of undivided Bengal. Adolescent Mujib grew up under the gathering gloom of stormy politics as the aging British raj in India was falling apart and the Second World War was violently rocking the continents. He witnessed the ravages of the war and the stark realities of the great famine of 1943 in which about five million people lost their lives. The tragic plight of the people under colonial rule turned young Mujib into a rebel.

This was also the time when he saw the legendary revolutionary Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose challenging the British raj. Also about this time he came to know the works of Bernard Shaw, Karl Marx, Rabindranath Tagore and rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam. Soon after the partition of India in 1947 it was felt that the creation of Pakistan with its two wings separated by a physical distance of about 1,200 miles was a geographical monstrosity. The economic, political, cultural and linguistic characters of the two wings were also different. Keeping the two wings together under the forced bonds of a single state structure in the name of religious nationalism would merely result in a rigid political control and economic exploitation of the eastern wing by the all-powerful western wing which controlled the country’s capital and its economic and military might.

Early Movement:

In 1948 a movement was initiated to make Bengali one of the state languages of Pakistan. This can be termed the first stirrings of the movement for an independent Bangladesh. The demand for cultural freedom gradually led to the demand for national independence. During that language movement Sheikh Mujib was arrested and sent to jail. During the blood-drenched language movement in 1952 he was again arrested and this time he provided inspiring leadership of the movement from inside the jail.

In 1954 Sheikh Mujib was elected a member of the then East Pakistan Assembly. He joined A K Fazlul Huq’s United Front government as the youngest minister. The ruling clique of Pakistan soon dissolved this government and Shiekh Mujib was once again thrown into prison. In 1955 he was elected a member of the Pakistan Constituent Assembly and was again made a minister when the Awami League formed the provincial government in 1956. Soon after General Ayub Khan staged a military coup in Pakistan in 1958, Sheikh Mujib was arrested once again and a number of cases were instituted against him. He was released after 14 months in prison but was re-arrested in February 1962. In fact, he spent the best part of his youth behind the prison bars.

Supreme Test:

Bangabandhu In 7 March 1971

March 7, 1971 was a day of supreme test in his life. Nearly two million freedom loving people assembled at the Ramna Race Course Maidan, later renamed Suhrawardy Uddyan, on that day to hear their leader’s command for the battle for liberation. The Pakistani military junta was also waiting to trap him and to shoot down the people on the plea of suppressing a revolt against the state. Sheikh Mujib spoke in a thundering voice but in a masterly well-calculated restrained language. His historic declaration in the meeting was: "Our struggle this time is for freedom. Our struggle this time is for independence." To deny the Pakistani military an excuse for a crackdown, he took care to put forward proposals for a solution of the crisis in a constitutional way and kept the door open for negotiations.

The crackdown, however, did come on March 25 when the junta arrested Sheikh Mujib for the last time and whisked him away to West Pakistan for confinement for the entire duration of the liberation war. In the name of suppressing a rebellion the Pakistani military let loose hell on the unarmed civilians throughout Bangladesh and perpetrated a genocide killing no less than three million men, women and children, raping women in hundreds of thousands and destroying property worth billions of taka. Before their ignominious defeat and surrender they, with the help of their local collaborators, killed a large number of intellectuals, university professors, writers, doctors, journalists, engineers and eminent persons of other professions. In pursuing a scorch-earth policy they virtually destroyed the whole of the country’s infrastructure. But they could not destroy the indomitable spirit of the freedom fighters nor could they silence the thundering voice of the leader. Tape recordings of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib’s 7th March speech kept on inspiring his followers throughout the war.

Return and Reconstruction:

Forced by international pressure and the imperatives of its own domestic predicament, Pakistan was obliged to release Sheikh Mujib from its jail soon after the liberation of Bangladesh and on 10 January 1972 the great leader returned to his beloved land and his admiring nation.

But as he saw the plight of the country his heart bled and he knew that there would be no moment of rest for him. Almost the entire nation including about ten million people returning from their refuge in India had to be rehabilitated, the shattered economy needed to be put back on the rail, the infrastructure had to be rebuilt, millions had to be saved from starvation and law and order had to be restored. Simultaneously, a new constitution had to be framed, a new parliament had to be elected and democratic institutions had to be put in place. Any ordinary mortal would break down under the pressure of such formidable tasks that needed to be addressed on top priority basis. Although simple at heart, Sheikh Mujib was a man of cool nerves and of great strength of mind. Under his charismatic leadership the country soon began moving on to the road to progress and the people found their long-cherished hopes and aspirations being gradually realized.

Assassination:

But at this critical juncture, his life was cut short by a group of anti-liberation reactionary forces who in a pre-dawn move on 15 August 1975 not only assassinated him but 23 of his family members and close associates. Even his 10 year old son Russel’s life was not spared by the assassins. The only survivors were his two daughters, Sheikh Hasina - now the country’s Prime Minister - and her younger sister Sheikh Rehana, who were then away on a visit to Germany. In killing the father of the Nation, the conspirators ended a most glorious chapter in the history of Bangladesh but they could not end the great leader’s finest legacy- the rejuvenated Bengali nation. In a fitting tribute to his revered memory, the present government has declared August 15 as the national mourning day. On this day every year the people would be paying homage to the memory of a man who became a legend in his won lifetime. Bangabandhu lives in the heart of his people. Bangladesh and Bangabandhu are one and inseparable. Bangladesh was Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s vision and he fought and died for it.

Sundarban Bangladesh - World Biggest Mangrove Forest

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sun, 03 Jun 2012 09:11:00 +0000

The Sundarbans are the largest littoral mangrove belt in the world. In Bangladesh tourism, Sundarban plays the most vital role. A large number of foreigners come to Bangladesh every year only to visit this unique mangrove forest. Besides, local tourists also go to visit Sundarban every year. The area of great Sundarban is approximately 6000 sq. km.

General Information about Sudarban:

Sundarban

AREA:

Nearly 2400 sq. miles or 6000 sq. km. FOREST LIMITS: North-Bagerhat, Khulna and Sathkira districts : South-Bay of Bengal; East-Baleswar (or Haringhata) river, Perojpur, Barisal district, and West-Raimangal and Hariabhanga rivers which partially form Bangladesh boundary with West Bengal in India.

The forests aren't just mangrove swamps though, they include some of the last remaining stands of the mighty jungles which once covered the Gangetic plain. The Sundarbans cover an area of 38,500 sq km, of which about one-third is covered in water. Since 1966 the Sundarbans have been a wildlife sanctuary, and it is estimated that there are now 400 Royal Bengal tigers and about 30,000 spotted deer in the area.

CLIMATE:

Rainfall is heavy and humidity high (80%) due to the proximity of the Bay of Bengal. About 80% of the rain fall in the monsoon, which lasts from June to October. Mean annual rainfall varies from about 1,800mm at Khulna, north of the Sundarbans, to 2,790mm on the coast. There is a six-month dry season during which evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Conditions are most saline in February-April, the depletion of soil moisture being coupled with reduced freshwater flow from upstream. Temperatures rise from daily minima of 2-4°C in winter to a maximum of about 43°C in March and may exceed 32°C in the monsoon. Storms are common in May and October-November and may develop into cyclones, usually accompanied by tidal waves of up to 7.5m high (Seidensticker and Hai, 1983). Climatic data for Khulna are summarised by Christensen (1984).

Royal Bengal Tiger

MAIN ATTRACTIONS:

Wildlife photography including photography of the famous Royal Bengal Tiger, wildlife viewing, boating inside the forest will call recordings, nature study, meeting fishermen, wood-cutters and honey-collectors, peace and tranquility in the wilderness, seeing the world's largest mangrove forest and the riverine beauty.

FAMOUS SPOTS:

The main tourist spots in Sundarban are Karamjol, Katka, Kochikhali, Hiron point and Mandarbaria. Hiron Point (Nilkamal) for tiger, deer, monkey, crocodiles, birds and natural beauty. Katka for deer, tiger, crocodiles, varieties of birds and monkey, morning and evening symphony of wild fowls. Vast expanse of grassy meadows running from Katka to Kachikhali (Tiger Point) provides opportunities for wild tracking. Tin Kona Island for tiger and deer.

CULTURAL HERITAGE:

There is archaeological evidence of earlier human occupation on the deltaic islands. The human settlements are indicative of the former presence of abundant freshwater, both from the Ganges and from non-saline ground water. Human occupation ceased in the 17th century, reportedly due to pirate attacks (Christensen, 1984).

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND FACILITIES:

Considerable research has been carried out on the Sundarbans ecosystem and its wildlife. Hendrichs (1975) undertook a three-month field study of tiger, concentrating on the problem of man-eating, and other vertebrates and invertebrates, in 1971. Other fauna1 surveys include those of Gittins (1981) and Khan (1986) for rhesus macaque, Khan (1986) for spotted deer, Sarker and Sarker (1986) for birds, and Sarker (1985a, 1985b) and Sarker and Sarker (1985) for birds of prey. About 500 foreign tourists visited the area in 1996 plus 5000 domestic tourists, the majority at the South Wildlife Sanctuary.

Life in Forest:

Only means of transportation inside the forest is boat. There is no road, no trail of a path anywhere. The wood-cutters make temporary dwellings at the edge of the forest at a height of 8-10 feet for fear of wild animals others live on boats. In the chandpai region it is fascinating to see the nomadic fishermen (living with families on boats) catching fish with the help of trained offers. Exciting activities take place in Dublar Char in the forest where fishermen from Chittagong gather for four months (mid Oct. to mid Feb.) to catch and dry fish. But the most daring and exciting of all activities is presented by the honey-collectors who work in groups for just two months (April-May) and it is interesting to see how they locate a hive and then collect honey.

Tourist season & Shooting:

Best time to visit the Sundarbans is from November to March. Exciting honey collection season is during April-May. Hunting is prohibited by law in the country for the preservation of wildlife. Certain species of birds, however, can be shot with prior permission of the Divisional Forest Officer, Khulna.

Sundarbans is home to many different species of birds, mammals, insects, reptiles and fishes. Over 120 species of fish and over 260 species of birds have been recorded in the Sundarbans. The Gangetic River Dolphin (Platanista gangeticus) is common in the rivers. No less than 50 species of reptiles and eight species of amphibians are known to occur. The Sundarbans now support the only population of the Estuarine, or Salt-Water Crocodile (Crocodylus parasus) in Bangladesh, and that population is estimated at less than two hundred individuals.

Here land and water meet in many novel fashions, Wildlife presents many a spectacle. No wonder, you may come across a Royal Bengal Tiger swimming across the streams or the crocodiles basking on the river banks. With the approach of the evening herds of deer make for the darking glades where boisterous monkeys shower Keora leaves from above for sumptuous meal for the former. For the botanist, the lover of nature, the poet and the painter this land provides a variety of wonder for which they all crave.

It's beauty lies in its unique natural surrounding. Thousands of meandering streams, creeks, rivers and estuaries have enhanced its charm. Sundarbans meaning beautiful forest is the natural habitat of the world famous Royal Bengal Tiger, spotted deer, crocodiles, jungle fowl, wild boar, lizards, theses monkey and an innumerable variety of beautiful birds. Migratory flock of Siberian ducks flying over thousands of sail boats loaded with timber, golpatta (round-leaf), fuel wood, honey, shell and fish further add to the serene natural beauty of the Sundarbans

“Bangladesh is considered to be falling behind in the race to have its Sunderbans selected as one of the seven wonders of nature in the world. But the title of natural wonder is urgent for branding Bangladesh successfully. All should vote for the Sundarbans, particularly because the answer is: the coming days will be competitive for Bangladesh to survive as a competitive nation.”

The economic value of being voted as one of the New7Wonders of Nature was highlighted in April in an independent impact report by Grant Thornton, an international organization of chartered accountants and management consultants. The report put the figure at $US1 billion over five years for each winner.

Conservation and preservation of this rich, rare and pristine ecosystem, is our highest priority, as you explore the magnificence of the largest mangrove in the world.

Mahasthangarh (City Of Pundravardhan) – One Of The Tourist Attraction In Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sat, 02 Jun 2012 07:12:00 +0000

Mahasthangarh (Physical setup) so far the oldest archaeological site of Bangladesh, lies on the western bank of river karatoya, about 12 km north of Bogra town, and is connected by a good metalled road.

This 3rd century archaeological site is still held to be of great sanctity by the Hindus.

Mahasthan, the present name of the ancient city known as "Pundurunagar (Pundranagar)". The word ‘Mahasthan’ means a place that has excellent sanctity and ‘garh’ means fort. The extensive ruins of Mahasthangarh presents a glorious past of about two thousand and five hundred years of Pundranagar, the capital city of ancient Pundra Vardhan Bhukti. About four thousand years ago Pundurunagar was an affluent and strong settlement.

The mighty Maurya, Gupta and other rulers had their provincial capital there. Even the initial capital of the Pal dynasty was Pundurunagar. The ruins of this great ancient city is situated on the western bank of river Korotoa, which is indeed a past glory not only of Bogra but also of whole Bangladesh.

From the archaeological evidence it is proven that the site was provincial capital of the Mauryans, the Guptas, the Palas, and the fudal Hindu kings of later period. Beyond the citadel, other ancient ruins found within a radius of 7/8 km in a semi-circle in the north, south, and west which testify the existence of extensive suburbs. It is worth quoted that Yuen Chwang, the famous chinese pilgrim visited the Pundra Vardhana in between 639-645 A.D. Sir Alexandar Cunningham rightly identified the current Mahasthangarh as Pundranagar at 1879 following the description left by Yuen Chwang.

The whole area is rich in Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim sites. The Buddhists were here until at least the 11th century. Their most glorious period was the 8th to the 11th centuries, when the Buddhist Pala emperors of North-Bengal ruled. It is from this period that most of the visible remains belong. The citadel was probably first constructed under the Mauryan empire in the 3rd century B.C. It fell into disuse around the time of Mughal invasions. Most of the visible brickwork dates from the 8th century, apart from that added during restoration. Outside the citadel, there is a remaining of a 6th-century Govinda Bhita Hindu Temple, which looks like a broken-down step pyramid.

After the Muslim conquest of Bengal in the early 13th century, the city lost its role of capital. It was nevertheless occasionally occupied through the centuries, as attested by the mosque and the tomb of Shah Sultan Mahisawar (17th century).

The spectacular site is imposing landmarks in the area having a fortified, oblong enclosure measuring 5000 ft. by 4500 ft. with an average height of 15-ft. form the surrounding paddy fields. Beyond the fortified area, other ancient ruins find out within a semicircle of about five miles radius. Several isolated mounds, the local names of which are Govinda Bhita Temple, Khodai Pathar Mound, Mankalir Kunda, Parasuramer Bedi, Jiyat Kunda etc. surround the fortified City.

Every year (mid-April) and once in every 12 years (December) thousands of Hindu devotees join the bathing ceremony on the bank of river Karatoa. A visit to the Mahasthangarh site museum will open up for you wide variety of antiquities, ranging from terracotta objects to gold ornaments and coins recovered from the site.

Tourist Attraction In Mahasthangarh

· Bairagir Bhita: Excavation findings include base ruins of temples, two sculptured sand stone pillars constructed and renovated between: 4th and 11th century.

· Khodarpathar Bhita: Artifacts found here includes pieces of stone carved with transcendent Buddha along with devotees kneeling with folded hands.

· Parasuramer Prasad: Contains remains of three occupation periods between 800 - 1800AD.

· Mankalir Dhap: Features base ruins of a 15-domed mosque built around 15thcentury. Terracotta plaques, bronze Ganesha and bronze Garuda were discovered during excavation works.

· Bangla-French exploration: Features 18 archaeological layers buried within a soil depth of around 17 meters. The layers are dated between 5th century BC and 12th century AD.

Beyond the fortified area, other ancient ruins are spread out within a radius of about 8 km. The significant sites are:

· Govinda Bhita: Situated 185 m north-east of the citadel and opposite the site museum. Base remains of two temples from 3rd century BC to 15th century AD has been discovered.

· Totaram Panditer Dhap and Narapatir Dhap: Both sites are located in the village Basu Vihara, about 6 km north-west of the citadel. Excavations found structural remains of ancient monasteries and temples. This place was once visited by Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) in the 7th century AD.

· Gokul Medh: Features a terraced podium with 172 rectangular blind cells. It is dated back to 6th-7th century. Local mythology associates it with legendary Lakshmindara-Behula.

· Khulnar Dhap: Situated in village Chenghispur, 700 m west of the north-west corner of the citadel, features remains of a temple.

The small museum at Mahasthangarh exhibits an interesting collection of recovered archaeological artifacts including statues of Hindu Gods, Terracotta Plaques and Bronze Statues mostly found in monasteries from the Pala period.

Rickshaw Art - A beautiful Creativity

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Fri, 01 Jun 2012 20:03:00 +0000

Rickshaw is not only moves with the passenger and other load, but it moves with a museum full of folk arts. Every inch of the Rickshaw is well decorated with paintings, tassels, tinsel and colourful plastic and hood works. Rickshaw hoods, foot holds, seats and in the back side, even in frame and in chassis there is a sign of art. A painted rectangular metal board at the backside, between the two wheels, leaves a trail of passion that the Rickshaw artist puts in his creations. In a word a Rickshaw of Bangladesh is a burn of colours

In eighties to nineties the elites of Bangladesh scorned rickshaw art as vulgar while at the same time many fine artists of the country took it seriously as an expression of the taste and interests of the masses. What sort of art is rickshaw art? I consider it “peoples’ art”. It is not necessary to force it into a unitary category as it combines folkloric, movie, political and commercial imagery and techniques. It serves the expression of heart’s desires of the man in the street for women, power, wealth, as well as for religious devotion. Rickshaw art also serves prestige and economic functions for the people who make use and enjoy it.

Rickshaw Painter

Rasid, a rickshaw painter, paints a tin plate fixed to the lower rear part of the rickshaw body at a garage in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Thursday, Sept. 3, 2009. Rickshaw painting is a unique art and the tricycle Rickshaw is one of the most popular modes of transport in Bangladesh.

Kaptai Dam - Karnafuli Hydro Power Station, Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Fri, 01 Jun 2012 06:01:00 +0000

Kaptai dam is the one and only dam of Bangladesh that is used to generate hydro-electric power. The only hydropower plant in the country is located at kaptai, about 50 km from the port city of chittagong. This plant was constructed in 1962 as part of the 'Karnafuli Multipurpose Project', and is one of the biggest water resources development project of Bangladesh. The water storage capacity of the Kaptai dam is 11000 km2.

Kaptai Dam

After being commissioned in 1962, the plant could feed the national grid with 80 MW of electricity. In later years, the generation capacity was increased in two phases to a total of 230 MW. The plant not only plays an important role in meeting the power demand of the country but is also vital as a flood management installation for the areas downstream.

Under the guidance of then Chief Engineer (Irrigation) Khwaja Azimuddin, the construction site was chosen at present location of the dam in 1951. The International Engineering Co. Inc. (IECO) was engaged for a study on the project. Utah International Inc. was selected as construction contractor.

The earth-filled dam Kaptai is an earth-fill dam. It is 45.7m (36m MSL or mean sea level) high and 670.6m long. The maximum width is 7.6m and width at the foot is 45.7m. The 16-gated spillways, each 12.2m by 11.3m, can together pass a flow of 625,000 cusec. The average annual flow in the reservoir is approximately 15,646 MCM. The flood absorption capacity is 8.25 million Ac-ft and the flooded area at 33m MSL is 777 sq km.

In 1962, the the dam, spillway, penstock and two units of powerhouses were built. Each of the powerhouses was capable of generating 40MW of electricity. In November 1981 another 50MW generating unit was completed. In October 1988 the 4th and 5th generating units were installed which raised the total generation capacity to 230MW. The total cost of Unit 1, Unit 2 and a part of Unit 3 was Rs. 503 million and the total cost of extension was Tk. 1,900 million. The spillways was constructed on the left side of the main dam. The 16 gated (each 12.2 m X 11.3 m) spillway have discharge capacity of 625000 cusec. The construction of these system (dam, spillways and others) required to excavate 113400 cubic m. The dead storage at 23.16m above MSL is 1.18 million ac-ft. Flood storage capacity is 0.83 million ac-ft.

Climate

The project area lies in the path of heavily moisture-laden monsoon winds. The rainy season extends from June through November and about 80% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in this season. The annual rainfall in the area is estimated at 2,200 mm to 3600 mm. Although the humidity is 35-45% from November through March, it becomes 80% or even higher during the rainy season. Most of the evaporation is concentrated in the dry season. The average annual evaporation is about 500 mm. Wind is generally considered to be mild except during strong thunderstorms and cyclones. The maximum wind velocity recorded is 96.54 km/h.

Flooding

Normally, large floods occur during the monsoon from June to October. High floods stay for periods of 4 to 5 days and are likely to occur during spring high tides. The flood condition is aggravated by typhoon rainstorms, which tend to raise the tidal level. The major cause of severe flooding in low-lying areas downstream is synchronization of the flood peaks of the karnafuli and the relatively sluggish halda river.

Power generation

The project was inaugurated in early 1962, with two of its three planned generators putting 80 MW of electricity into the national power grid. The third generator of 50 MW started power generation in January 1982. A feasibility study revealed that the reservoir had a 25% higher capacity than what was originally computed. The operating data also revealed a higher value of inflow than had initially been calculated. In order to exploit this additional potential, two more generators having 50 MW capacity each was installed in 1988.

The power available from this dam has accelerated the establishment and expansion of industries in Bangladesh and has resulted in an appreciable saving in foreign exchange required for the import of manufactured goods. The power generated also permits pumping of water to achieve widespread irrigation and drainage. The reservoir storage designed to prevent serious flood has already saved the city of Chittagong from severe damage. Fishing in Kaptai reservoir annually produces more than 7,000 tons of freshwater fish. Right above the dam there is the unending vista of a smooth sheet of water up to all conceivable corners of chittagong hill tracts made negotiable by launches, boats and other craft to the farthest Barkal rapids to the east and Kasalong forest reserves to the north, past rangamati. At Kaptai, all floating cargoes are transported across the dam by electric overhead trolleys.

Kaptai dam can reduce the downstream flood peak in the Karnafuli river by 50% by storing water in the reservoir. Kaptai dam is 670.56m long and 45.7m high. The width at the foundation level is 45.7m and at crest level 7.6m. The crest level is 36m above mean sea level (MSL).

The 11000 km2 catchment area of the reservoir of the Kaptai dam claims 220 km2 of cultivable land of which 40% cultivable land in this area and displace 18000 families submerging a total of 655 km2.

Fokir Lalon Shah - Lord Of Folk Song

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Fri, 01 Jun 2012 05:52:00 +0000

Fokir Lalon Shah

Fakir Lalon Shah also known as Lalon Shah (c.1774–1890), was a Bengali philosopher poet. He lived in the village of Cheuria in the area known as Nodia in the Bengal Presidency of British India, corresponding to the district of Kushtia in present-day Bangladesh. Lalon composed numerous songs and poems which describe his philosophy.

Among his most popular songs are khachar bhitor auchin pakhi, jat gelo jat gelo bole, dekhna mon jhokmariay duniyadari, paare loye jao amay, milon hobe koto dine, aar amare marishne maa, tin pagoler holo mela, etc.

Lalon Shah Fakir was a Baul guru , and singer and composer of Baul songs .According to tradition, he was born into a Kayastha family in the village of Bhandara in Kushtia .As a young boy, Lalon caught smallpox and was abandoned in a critical condition by his parents . Siraj Sain , a Muslim faqir , picked up the child and nursed him back to health . Lalon was later inducted as baul faqir . He set up his akhda at Chheuriya , where he lived with his wife and a few disciples .

As a humanist who completely rejected all distinction of caste and creed .He was also a fine poet and lyricist , whose songs are sung not only by his followers but also by non-Bauls .In 1963, a mausoleum and research centre were built at the site of his akhda. Thousands of Bauls come to the akhda twice a year, on Dol-purnima in the month of Falgun(February-March) and in October, on the occasion of his death anniversary .During these three-day song melas, Bauls pay rich tributes to their spiritual; leader.

Lalon Shaha left no written copies of his songs, which were transmitted orally and only transcribed later by his followers .Kangal Harinath Majumdar (1833-1896) was his direct disciple. Rabindrnath Thakur was also inspired by his songs and published some of them in the monthly Probashi magazine of Kolkata . Lalon died at Chheuriya at the age of 116 on 17th October 1890.

Lalon lived in the village of Cheuriya which now falls in Kushtiya district in Bangladesh; but like Rabindranath Tagore, he is one of the few people whom a mere political boundary cannot take away from his lovers and admirers in “Indian” Bengal . Lalon was neither a follower of Islam nor Hinduism. What he truly followed was a mixture of the postulates and philosophies from both these religions and very truly. “He was none of these so he was both”. In the long course of his life he attracted a large number of followers, both Hindus as well as Muslims, mainly from the then demarcated lower strata of the society through his songs of universal equality and Dehatatwa.

Lalon always kept silent about his origin so that he does not get typecast into any particular religious group. He was observant of the social conditions around, and this reflects through his songs which spoke of day to day problems, in his simple yet deeply moving language. It is said that he had composed about 10,000 songs of which 2000-3000 can be tracked down today while others are lost in time and hearts of his numerous followers. Most of his followers could not read or write and so unluckily for the lovers of Baul, very few of his songs are found in written form. Lalon had no formal education as such but his songs can educate the most educated of minds throughout the world. Long before free thinkers around the globe started thinking of a classless society, Lalon had already composed around 1000 songs on that theme.

Many a times Lalon, through his songs, has hinted various organs of the human body, metaphorically and in a very mystic and extremely subtle ways. The basic senses are termed as “6 thieves”, and the Snai as “The Man of Heart”. Even in the first of the translated songs (below), one can see the allegorical references of a house with eight rooms and nine doors which is nothing but the human body itself with various major organs and senses being compared to the doors and rooms. In the second translated piece below you can see the human body compared to a house where one can easily find the neighbor Shnai very near to his house, but Lalon is sadly lamenting that still now they have not meet.

A Strange Bird

Look, how a strange bird flits in and out of the cage! O brother, I wish I could bind it with my mind’s fetters. Have you seen a house of eight rooms with nine doors Closed and open, with windows in between, mirrored? O mind, you are a bird encaged! And of green sticks Is your cage made, but it will be broken one day. Lalon says: Open the cage, look how the bird wings away!

(Translated by Azfar Hussain)

The land of mirrors

A neighbor is always staying there.

But alas! Not even for one day could I see him.

There is one land of mirror very near to my house...

Perhaps the greatest influence that Lalon has had was on India’s greatest literary and renaissance figure and poet, Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore visitedKushtiya in 1892 just two years after Lalon’s death and for the first time in his life experienced folk culture as a representation of society. In fact, Tagore managed to write and compose nearly 150 songs, influenced from those of Lalon, at his akhra (residing place) Cheuriya, from which only a few songs were published in the monthly Probashi as 'Haramoni' in 1920. Tagore said that here, in these songs, “Hindus and Muslims have been united under the same sky - there is no barrier of caste or creed...”

Tagore wrote that it is a fact that he infused the tune of Baul (Lalan) in many of his songs and dramas. Dusan Zbavitel, a Czeck Folklorist wrote that 'it is my firm belief that if Tagore had not stayed in the countryside (Selaidah in Kushtiya), he would not have become, what he was, as a man or a poet. Now the scholars are discovering the Baul-motifs in his songs, dramas and poems, which merit elaborate discussions (Folklore, II, Calcutta, vol. 14, 1961).

American humanitarian and Beat poet Allen Ginsberg was influenced by Lalon’s doctrines and wrote a poem named “After Lalon”. Allen even followed Lalon’s writing style by including the poet’s name in his workings – which was essentially a form of Lalonesque so to speak.

Farida Parveen from Bangladesh, folk bands like Dohar and Bangla, and quite a few Bengali singers from India are doing noteworthy works now in recording different Lalon songs and bringing them to everyone’s ears. If one remembers Lennon pieces like “Imagine” or “Give peace another chance”, which also speak of classless society, he can easily appreciate how much ahead of his time Lalon was.

At the site of his shrine (Bengali: Akhara) in Bangladesh, a mausoleum and an academy of study on his work have been built. Thousands of his admirers visit twice a year – once during Holi and a second time on his death anniversary during October. There is a song festival (Mela) held on October’s occasion which goes on for 3 days during which Bauls, Fakirs, people from rural and urban places all pay tributes to this great mind of Bengal.

The great Lalon was not famous in life time. But his baul philosophy was introduced by Rabindranath and contemporary scholars. He was the greatest mystic-singer of the subcontinent. Lalon believed, the ‘body’ is the universe and the universe is the body. He was revolutionary, challenged to contemporary life style, religions and practices with simple word of songs.

In Kushtia at the Lalon shrine every year held “Lalon Festival” the biggest gathering of Bauls and Bauls’ performance. Nowadays in Bangladesh modern signers also following the folk approach and word of Lalon songs. Bengali Folk music is incomplete without Lalon and so is the Bengali renaissance which started with him, as a movement to abolish the darker aspects of our society, including doing away with demarcation with respect to religion or caste. Long before any of the eminent social personalities started to speak on these, Lalon sang about them in powerful yet simple verses. Tagore was deeply indebted to him for opening his horizons to rural and real Bengal. So, one can very well understand, the great difficulty of penning down Lalon’s enormous contribution in one sentence. All Bangladeshi appreciate very much Lalon song, particularly for its deep spiritual meanings and inspiration.

Hilsa – The Most Popular Bengali Fish

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Thu, 31 May 2012 17:29:00 +0000

Bangladesh is known as to her citizens as the Sonar Bangla, Golden Bengal, because of the richness of her land that takes on golden hue when the rice crop is ready for harvesting. Bangladesh is also known as the Land of the Royal Bengal Tiger, for the mangrove forests of Bangladesh plays host to some of the most magnificent specimens of the big cat.

Hilsha

But, to me, her most cherished treasure is the ilish, or the Hilsa Shad fish. Hilsa shad, one of the most important tropical fish of the family clupeidae under the genus Tenualosa and species ilisha is anadromous in nature, not a common phenomenon in tropical water compared to temperate and arctic regions, lives in the sea for most of its life, but migrates at least 1,200 km up in some river system in Indian sub-continent for spawning behavior. Distances of 50-100 km are more typical in Bangladesh.

Bangladeshis and Bengalis are noted for their love of fish, and God could not have rewarded them better than providing her waters with this most exquisitely delicious fish to titillate the palates of Bangladeshis.

Hilsa shad contributing 30 % of total fish production of Bangladesh, and about 40 % fishermen or 2 % of total population of the country earn their livelihood depending on Hilsa fishery directly or indirectly. Therefore economic contribution from this single species of fish is very high, in an agricultural based country like Bangladesh.

Three separate species of Hilsa Shad are found in Bay of Bengal, they are Hilsa kelee, Hilsa toli and Hilsa ilisha now Tenualosa ilisha. Tenualosa ilisha is considered as anadromous species while the other two species are restricted to marine environment. And in this report we are dealing only with anadromous stock.

In the case of Bangladesh, even the fishermen enjoying the current glut of Hilsa (which has caused the government to lift the winter ban) realize that this may be too much of a good thing. However, the prospect of a winter without empty rice bowls and hungry children has largely overcome their concern.

Hilsa, a national favorite and related to chad, has a mild flavor like walleye, sunfish or trout. Last year, in season, these popular fish sold for about $6 per kilo. This year, in the off-season, but also largely because of the glut, the price is half that.

Not only are these migratory (anadromous) fish abundant, but their size defies explanation. Normally, Hilsa caught during winter are immature, ranging from 4 to 15 centimeters (or cm; 1.57 to 5.9 inches) in length and weighing half a kilogram at most. Mature Hilsa are generally 32 to 55 cm (about 12.5 to 21.5 inches) long and weigh from 1 to 1.5 kilograms (or 2.2 to 3.3 pounds).

A large-sized hilsa weighs about 2.5 kg. Hilsa is primarily a plankton feeder and feeds on blue-green algae, diatoms, desmids, copepods, cladocera, rotifers, etc. A change in season and age varies the feeding habit of the fish. Female hilsas grow faster, and are usually larger than males. The hilsa is known to be a fast swimmer and can cover even 60 kilometers at a time. It attains maturity in one to two years.Hilsa is a Pariah fish. Though basically a marine fish it thrives in estuarine and riverine environments. The fish is found in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Vietnam Sea and China Sea. Their habitat covers the Satil Arab, and the Tigris and Euphrates of Iran and Iraq, the Indus of Pakistan, the rivers of Eastern India, the Irawaddy of Myanmar, and the Padma, Jamuna, Meghna, Karnafully and other coastal rivers of Bangladesh. It swims upstream as the inland stretches of these rivers are the breeding grounds for the fish. In West Bengal Hilsa is available in five regions - from Farakka to Konnagor, in the sweet water region; Konnagor to Diamondharbour, in the slope of Ganges; from Diamondharbour to Sandhead, in the distributaries region of Bay of Bengal. Besides hilsa is also available in Matla and Rupnarayan River.

Ahsan Monzil - The Pink Palace

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sat, 26 May 2012 10:28:00 +0000

AHSAN MANZIL

Ahsan Manzil is known as majestic pink palace and one of the most finest and old structures in Dhaka and significant architectural monuments of Bangladesh. It occupies a prominent place in the history of Dhaka as well as East Bengal from the mid-nineteenth century to the first quarter of the twentieth century. Ahsan Manzil being the residence and official center of the East Bengal's most influential Zamindars (landowner) who were later conferred the title of Nawab by the British Government, was the nerve center in the political, communal, economical and civilizing life of East Bengal and the Nawab Family played a key role in the independence movement and politics of the Indian subcontinent

Once the home of the Nawab of Dhaka, to days renovated Ahsan Manzil a monument of enormous historical beauty with 23 galleries displaying portraits, furniture and other objects used by the Nawab located on the banks of the Buriganga River in Dhaka. It is best seen from the river Buriganga but can be approached from Islampur road.

This stately building offers the visitors a feeling of the life-style of the Nawabs of Dhaka. Basically, the edifice of the palace was begun in 1859 and completed in 1872. Abdul Ghani named it Ahsan Manzil after his son Nawab Khwaja Ahsanullah. The newly built palace first came to be known as the Rang Mahal. On April 7, 1888, a windstorm caused severe smash up to Ahsan Manzil, Andar Mahal, the older part of the palace, was completely devastated. During the reconstruction of the Andar Mahal a good part of the palace was overhauled and repaired, and the exquisite dome of the present Rang Mahal was added. Ahsan Manzil was again damaged by an earthquake in 12 June 1897 and again repaired by the Nawab Ahsanullah.

There is a wonderful auditorium inside the Ahsan Manzil . To construct the auditorium of Ahsan Manzil, the square room on the ground floor was given a encircling shape with brickwork in the corners. The room was then given an octagonal shape near the roof. This octagonal shape took the form of the drum of the auditorium.

Internally, the castle is divided into two equal parts on either side of the auditorium. There is a large drawing room in the east wing of the first floor. On its northern side there is a library and a card room, and in the eastern corner there are four square rooms.

On the western section of the first floor there is a large Jalsaghar(recreation house) with a decorated room on the northern part and four square rooms in the western corner of Ahsan Manzil . The glittering artificial ceilings, made of wood, in the drawing room and the Jalsaghar, look very gorgeous. The floors of these two rooms are made of wooden boards. On the ground floor there is a big dinning corridor and six square rooms in the eastern part. In the western side, there is a extremely large Darbar hall (court) and to its north is a billiard room.

Ahsan Manzil, an architectural treasure, is a witness to many historical events of Bangladesh. From the last part of the 19th century to the initial years of Pakistan, the Muslim leadership of East Bengal emerged from this palace. The nawabs of Dhaka used it as a house of village council. Almost all the Viceroys, Governors and deputy Governors of British India who visited Dhaka spent some time at the Ahsan Manzil. Almost all political activities of Nawab Khwaja sallimullah centred round this palace.

Knowing the chronological and architectural significance of the Ahsan Manzil, the government of Bangladesh took the project to repair it. In 1985 Ahsan Manzil and its surroundings were attained. After the ending of the reconstruction work in 1992, it was taken under the control of Bangladesh National Museum. A museum has been launched there.

Ahsan Manjil museum Open for public visiting from 9 am- 5 pm from Saturday to Wednesday and 3-5 pm on Friday. Thursday is close.

Royal Bengal Tiger- National Animal of Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Wed, 23 May 2012 15:51:00 +0000

Royal Bengal Tiger

Royal Bengal Tiger is without question the most amazing wild animal these days. It is the national animal of Bangladesh. It has decided the roost of significant feild types for most part of the present millennium. Royal Bengal Tiger is crimson red with filter dark-colored, greyish or darkish lines, usually in a straight route. The bottom is rich and steamy or white; a unusual version has a chalky bright cover with deeper lines and icy red sight. The weight is, men 225 kg , women 135 kg. It is known as so because of its royal look and is available in Bengal or Bangladesh (Sundarbans). It for on method to large fodder such as hogs, deer, antelopes, and buffalo.

Tiger is the biggest living member of the cat household. It has a elegant designed. The crimson yellow-colored cover with dark-colored lines gives it a elegant look. Ventrally it is bright. Its hearing are dark-colored on the outside and each of them has a popular bright spot on it. The scientific name of tiger is 'Panthera tigris'. The source of the cat household from what we know these days is Siberia. From there, they moved down southern region as the environment became chillier.

Tigers are discovered in Siberia, Manchuria and the Oriental place. In Japan, Native indian and Malaysia are the two popular nations where lions live. The Native indian lions, the Royal Bengal lions are the most elegant creatures discovered in Sundarban in Bengal.In Native indian we had over 40 million lions in the beginning of the Last millennium. Today it is very sad to observe that the research is much lower.

The reasons for competition becoming an vulnerable types are out of hand downing of plants leading to the shrinking of the environment of the competition, loss of preys, increase of poaching for its wonderful skin. The cure of annihilation pressured the govt of Native indian to start the 'Project Tiger' on the first of April 1973 when the tiger population was less than 2000. Originally nine tiger supplies were chosen. This number has now improved.The tiger life in different environments open woods, moist time tested jungles and apple grove swamps. Its diet comprises mainly of deer, antelopes, gaurs and outrageous hogs.

Some interesting facts:
1. Since tigers hunt mostly at dusk & dawn their stripes help them hide in the shadows of tall grasses. They stalk & pounce because they are unable to chase prey a long distance.

2. The territorial men tiger usually moves alone, labels his restrictions with pee, excrement, and the beginning represents to notify off trespassers.

3. A tiger can eat as much as 40 kg (88 lb.) of various meats in one providing.

4. Tigers may move their fodder to water to eat. They are generally seen in the color or going in regularly to cool off.

5. Since white tigers have pigmented lines and blue eyes, they are not albinos.

6. It is approximated that there are less than 3,000 Bengal tigers remaining in the wild.

Land Of Rickshaw - Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sun, 20 May 2012 16:17:00 +0000

Rickshaw

One of the most typical types of transportation in Bangladesh is by rickshaw. These three rolling bike operated carriages transportation more than 80% of the inhabitants (my estimate). Vehicles that are motivated by taking once lifestyle psychological medical center escapees transportation the rest of the inhabitants.

In Bangla wallah is a individual who does, it is a individual used in a certain potential or linked with a certain factor or action. For example, a pc wallah is a pc professional. A rickshaw wallah pushes a rickshaw and these unsung men and young kids spend enough energy in one day to energy an planes service provider on a number of journeys returning and forth across the Hawaiian.
The cost of a rickshaw trip is determined by (1) the range, (2) the elements, (3) whether you appear to be wealthy or inadequate, (4) whether you are Bangladeshi or a foreigner. I ask Bangladeshis how much they pay and then I pay that plus about 10% more. People from other countries are required to pay more and many have no concept what the going amount is for a trip. Generally, a two range trip on a excellent day expenditures about 10 to 15 taka (.15 to .20 US cents).

All rickshaw wallahs be familiar with the tale of the wealthy international man who got on a rickshaw, befriended the please wallah and then bathed him, his household (depending on the story) his town .... with holders of cash. I am assured that when they huddle up at their tea booths they think about this tale in its various types and hope that these days will be their day.

Ricksahaw Puller Of Bangladesh

Rickshaw wallahs not only offer transportation, they will question you as to whether you are in need of ganga, cannabis or "good pussy". It seems that the rickshaw wallahs do not know of any bad vagina. All the vagina they know is excellent. And that a good sign; the lifestyle of the rickshaw wallah must be much better than one would think about.

There are several magic about these loin towel dressed in, darkish skinned, betal nut eating labourers. One, they always know where you stay. You don't have to tell them your deal with. You basically say, "ami jabo house." I am going house. And they will take you house. Rickshaw wallahs obviously news more than grandmas seated on the backporch taking coffees because these folks know where we stay, who are kids are, what we purchased at the food market and when we are going on holiday.
One rickshaw wallah kind of chastised me the other day. He informed me that I have not ridden on his rickshaw since Oct of 2005. One must take this in pace and provide a bit more of a tip at the end of the voyage.

Most rickshaw wallahs are from towns outside the town. They appear with very little cash and big ambitions about creating their lot of money. The actuality is that rickshaws are usually rental out at 150 taka per day and the regular rickshaw wallah can only generate roughly 300 taka on a regular day. With the staying 150 taka, he must pay for his hovel, his meals and then handle to preserve enough to deliver some cash returning to his, usually huge, household in the town. A complicated lifestyle indeed, excellent vagina aside.

Sylhet - One of the Source of Natural Beauty in Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Wed, 16 May 2012 21:12:00 +0000

Sylhet has also a very interesting and rich history. Before the conquest by the Muslims, it was ruled by local chieftains. In 1303, the great Saint Hazrat Shah Jalal came to Sylhet from Delhi with a band of 360 disciples to preach Islam and defeated the then Raja Gour Gobinda, Sylhet thus became a district of saints, shrines and daring but virile people.

Tea Garden of Sylhet

The Sylhet valley has a good number of haors which are big natural depressions. During winter these haors are vast stretches of green land, but in the rainy season they turn into a turbulent sea. These haors provide a sanctuary to the millions of migratory birds who fly from across the Himalayas to escape the severe Siberian winters.

Greater Sylhet is virtually one broad valley, fringed by the Khasi and Jaintia hills to the north and the hills of Tripura to the south. Just to the north is Tamabil, the border outpost with Meghalaya of India. There exists a convenient route to make travel to this part of India through Tamabil border and we organise regular tours to Shillong and adjoining areas both for the local and foreign guests. Cherrapunjee, the wettest place on earth is in Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya. Jafflong, with picturesque surrounding, lies just adjacent to Tamabil and the area is also famous for stones and boulders. Every day hundreds of people are found collecting stones and boulders from this area, which are exported to other districts as quality construction materials. The Surma and the Kushiara rivers, which are fed by innumerable hill streams from the north and the south, form the Sylhet valley. There are good numbers of haors, which are big natural depressions. During the winter these haors are vast stretches of green land but in the rainy season they turn into turbulent seas. These haors provide a sanctuary to millions of migratory birds that fly from Siberia across the Himalayas to avoid severe cold there. This region is famous as tea growing area and the majority of the tea estates belong to Srimongol. For miles and miles around, visitors can see the tea gardens spread like green carpets over the plain land or on sloping hills. The region has very high precipitation and its rainforests are habitat of primates and other rare species of wild animals and birds. Added attraction is the high percentage of ethnic people, belonging to the colourful Monipuri, Khasia, Garo and Tripura living in this region. Near Lawacherra Forest in Srimongol, the movie 'Around the World in 80 Days' was shot.

TRAVEL INFORMATION

HOW TO GET THERE

Sylhet possesses the third international airport after Dhaka and Chittagong. Regular international flights arrive here from UK and middle-east. There are several domestic flights arriving from Dhaka. Intercity train runs regularly from Dhaka and Chittagong to Sylhet via Srimongal. Very good public a/c coach services are available from Dhaka.

PLACES OF INTEREST

We have made a short list of the places of interest in this region.

Tea Plantation: Tea is the heart of life in the Sylhet division. It produces over 55 million kg of tea annually from more than 150 tea estates spread over 40,000 hectares. You can stroll in the tea estate and wander a short way into the bushes and talk to the tea-pluckers and learn something about the processes that culminate into our morning tea.

The Shrine of Hazrat Shah Jalal: Among the several places of historical interest in Sylhet town is the shrine of Saint Hazrat Shah Jalal. Even today, more than six hundred years after his death, the shrine is visited by innumerable devotees of every caste and creed, who make the journey from far away places. Legend says, the great saint who came from Delhi to preach Islam and defeated the then Hindu Raja (king) Gour Gobinda, transformed the witchcraft followers of the Raja into catfishes which are still alive in the tank adjacent to the shrine Swords, the holy Quran and the robes of the holy saint are still preserved in the shrine.

Hairpur Gas Field and other spots: Twentytwo kilometers from Sylhet town is the Haripur Gas Field and at 35 km. point is the Jaintiapur's Rajbari.

Only 5 km. from Jaintiapur is Jaflong, a scenic spot amidst tea gardens. At about 35 km. north-west of Sylhet town, linked by rail, road and river is Chhatak, the seat of Assam Bengal Cement Factory, Chhatak is famous for orange garden.

Tamabil - Jaflong

Tamabil-Jaflong: Situated amidst splendid panorama, Tamabil is a border outpost on Sylhet-Shilong Road about 55 km. away from Sylhet town. Besides enchanting views of the area one can also have a glimpse of the waterfalls across the border from Tamabil. Jaflong is also a scenic spot nearby amidst tea gardens and rate beauty of rolling stones from hills.

Manipuri Dance: An interesting feature of Sylhet region is the aboriginal tribes such as the Tipperas, the Monipuris, Khasis and Garos who still live in their primitive ways in the hills, practising their age-old rites, rituals, customs and traditions. During festivals such as, Rash Leela (Full-moon night in February) and Doljatra, the attractive young girls dressed in colorful robes, dance with the male members of their choice & love. The Monipuris perform their famous dance, based on allegorical love themes of the ancient mythology.

Handicrafts: Sylhet is well-known for its wide variety of exquiste handicrafts. Well-known Sylhet cane products such as chair, table, tea trays, flower vases, bags and the exquisitely designed fine Sital Pati (a kind of mattress having natural cooling effect) are colorful souvenirs.

For accommodation at Sylhet town, some reasonably good hotels are available. Rest-house accommodation at Srimangal and other places are also available for tourists.

Temple of Sri Chaitannya Dev: About 500 years old famous temple of Sri Chaitanya Dev is located at Dhaka Dakhin about 45 km south-east from Sylhet town. The place is revered from being the ancestral home of the famous Vaishnava saint. Yearly fair is organised on the fullmoon day of the Bangla month Falgun. Hundreds and thousands of devotees from home and abroad attend this colorful fair.

Shahi Edgah: Three kilometers to the north-east of the circuit house, the Shahi Eidgah was built on a hill by the Mughal Emperor Aurangazeb in the 17th century. It looks like a grade fort but is actually meant for Eid congreation-the two biggest Muslim festivals

Gour Gobinda Fort: The Murarichand Government College is situated in a beautiful surrounding on a hillttop. To the north-west of the college lie the remains of King Gour Govinda's Fort.

Jaintiapur: Situated 43 km. to the north of Sylhet town, on the Sylhet- Shillong road, Jaintiapur was the capital of an ancient kingdom which included the khasi and Jaintia Hills and plains of Jainta. Interesting ruins of this forgotten period lie scattered throughout Jaintiapur. A drive to Jaintiapur is an interesting and worthwhile experience

Srimongol: Srimongal is famous for the largest tea gardens of world covered by lush green carpet. One can have a look into the spectacular tea processing at Tea Research Institute. Bangladesh produces and exports a large quantity of high quality tea every year. Most of the tea estates are in Sremongol. It is called "The land of two leaves and a bud". It is also called camellia, green carpet or Tea Mountain. There are a lot of tea estates including the largest one in the world. The terraced tea garden, pineapple, rubber and lemon plantations from a beautiful landscape. It is known as the tea capital in Bangladesh. Just offer entering into the tea estates the nice smells and green beauty will lead you many kilometers away.

Lawacherra Rain Forest: Lawacherra Rain Forest is one of the important & well-reserved forests in Bangladesh. Here visitor may see gibbons swimming through the trees and birds like bee-eater owls parrot. It is a good habitant of Deer, leopard, wild chicken, squirrel, and python. Don't miss it especially if you are bird watcher. The terrain is hilly and vegetation is fairly thick. Only one rare Chloroform tree of Asia is here and a prime attraction of travel

Khasia & Manipuri is two important ethnic-tribe live here. Manipuri is famous for its rich culture especially for dancing, singing. They are also famous for their traditional weaving. You can buy their handicrafts exquisitely woven woolen. Shawls, Sharee, Napkin, bed-cover and some should a bags. It is known as colorful community. Kasia tribe is famous for their betel leaf cultivation. They make their villages high on hilltop in deep forest and so far from town. It is like " a Piece of paradise". Certainly it will please you.

Pineapple cultivation in numerable rows of Pineapple cultivation covering largest area is very amazing and fascinating. Largest quantity of pineapple grown here of Bangladesh. It is also sweetest and best quality. Pineapple is really a greatest offer of summer but now it is cultivated all the year round. So, you can enjoy the juicy summer fruit in any time coming to its real field. Just after entering into pineapple plantation. It can be highlight for you in Sremongol.

Madhabkunda Waterfall

Madhabkunda: Madhabkunda surrounded by lush tea estates and full of waters lilies is a unique one. Magurchara ruined gas & Oil reserved field, which was blasted while digging 3 years ago and was burning an 500-feet height for more than 3 months. A lot of burnt trees now carrying the symbols of digester. Ever where a lot of rubber & lemon plantation form a beautiful landscape. And you can have a visit to Madhobkundo water fall .

Sylhet is the land of Shrine’s, natural Hills, forests, beautiful tree plantations and lots of Haors. It is an old city with full of natural beauties. A large number of tourists come every year to visit Sylhet. The main attraction of Sylhet city is the Shrine of Hajrat Shahjalal(R) and Hajrat Shah Poran (R). Shrine of Hajrat Shahjalal (R) is on the top of a hillock (tilla) in Sylhet city. Thousands of visitors are coming everyday in this Shrine. Shrine of Hajrat Shah Paran (R) is eight km far from Sylhet town on the Sylhet-Jaflongroad where also thousands of visitors visits this Shrine everyday. Road journey to Sylhet is an wonderful experience through roads running ups and down the hills and green lush tea gardens of nature at its best.Sylhet Travel Tips is essential for a good know-how of the country.

Dying Bangladeshi Pride "Jamdani Saree"

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Tue, 15 May 2012 16:59:00 +0000

Jamdani (Bengali: জামদানি) - one of the most beautiful and practical textiles of Bengal. History, legend and tradition are woven into the fabric along with the unique patterns that make jamdani so sought after. Jamdani is a hand loom woven fabric made of cotton, which historically was referred to as muslin. The Jamdani weaving tradition is of Bengali origin. It is one of the most time and labor intensive forms of weaving hand loom weaving.Wearing Saree is an age old tradition among Bangladeshi women. Its an integral part of Bangladeshi culture and heritage. It’s a tradition of Bangladeshi women to wear gorgeous Saree in weeding ceremony It is also a habit of a woman to wear Saree in their daily life.

Jamdani Saree

Jamdani Saree is very favorite to a woman among the large varieties of Saree produced in Bangladesh. The word Jamdani is derived from Persia, where ‘Jam’ means flower and ‘Dani’ means a vase or a container. Jamdani is world famous for it’s eye catching artistic and expensive ornamental fabric. It’s made of high quality cotton muslin of Bengali origin, with colored stripes and patterns.

History

The earliest mention of Jamdani and its development as an industry is to be found in Kautilya's Arthashashtra (book of economics) wherein it is stated that this fine cloth used to be made in Bengal and Pundra (parts of modern Bangladesh). Jamdani is also mentioned in the book of Periplus of the Eritrean Sea and in the accounts of Arab, Chinese and Italian travelers and traders.

The base fabric for Jamdani is unbleached cotton yarn and the design is woven using bleached cotton yarns so that a light-and-dark effect is created. Alexander the Great in 327 B.C mentions "beautiful printed cottons" in India. It is believed that the erstwhile Roman emperors paid fabulous sums for the prized Indian cotton.

Jamdani, because of its intricate patterns, has always been a highly expensive product. According to historical accounts, Jamdanis custom made for the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the 17th century cost over thirty pounds; evidently the jamdani fabric was essentially meant only for the affluent nobility, in those days.

The region in and around Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) became synonymous with this wonder fabric. For the Mughals it was fashioned into elaborate angarkhas (upper garment/shirt) worn by both men and women; it also travelled from Dhaka through Agra, to Bukhara, Samarkand and other parts of West Asia. In the centuries that followed Jamdani was procured European export companies which retailed it in cites like Hamburg, London, Madrid, Copenhagen and so forth.

Design

The method of weaving resembles tapestry work in which small shuttles of coloured, gold or silver threads, are passed through the weft. The jamdani dexterously combines intricate surface designs with delicate floral sprays. When the surface is covered with superb diagonally striped floral sprays, the sari is called terchha. The anchal (the portion that goes over and beyond the shoulder) is often decorated with dangling, tassel like corner motifs, known as jhalar

The most coveted design is known as the panna hazaar (literally: a thousand emeralds) in which the floral pattern is highlighted with flowers interlaced like jewels by means of gold and silver thread. The kalka (paisley), whose origin may be traced to the painted manuscripts of the Mughal period, has emerged as a highly popular pattern. Yet another popular pattern in jamdani is the phulwar, usually worked on pure black, blue black, grey or off-white background colours.

Colors

The traditional nilambari, dyed with indigo, or designs such as toradar (literally: a bunch or bouquet) preserved in weaving families over generations are now being reproduced. Other jamdani patterns are known as phulwar, usually worked on pure black, blue black, grey or off-white background colours.

Weave

For traditional jamdani weaving, a very elementary pit loom is used and the work is carried on by the weaver and his apprentice. The latter works under instruction for each pick, weaving his needle made from, buffalo horn or tamarind wood to embroider the floral sequence. With a remarkable deftness, the weft yarn is woven into the warp in the background colour from one weaver to the other

The butis (motifs) across the warp, the paar (border) and anchal (the portion that goes over and beyond the shoulder) are woven by using separate bobbins of yarn for each colour. The fine bobbins are made from tamarind wood or bamboo. After completion the cloth is washed and starched.

Varieties of Jamdani Work

Mainly Jamdani work used for sarees, scarves and handkerchiefs. The types of Jamdani sarees are Daccai Jamdani, Tangail Jamdani, Shantipur Jamdani, Dhaniakhali Jamdani.

Bangabondhu Jamuna Memorial Bridge - One of our proud

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Mon, 14 May 2012 07:47:00 +0000

Bangabandhu Bridge, also called the Jamuna Multi-purpose Bridge (Bengali: যমুনা বহুমুখী সেতু Jomuna Bohumukhi Shetu), is a bridge opened in Bangladesh in June 1998. It connects Bhuapur on the Jamuna River's east bank to Sirajganj on its west bank. It was the 11th longest bridge in the world when constructed in 1998[1] and currently the 6th longest bridge in South Asia. It was constructed over the Jamuna River, one of the three major rivers of Bangladesh, and fifth largest in the world in terms of volumetric discharge.

The bridge established a strategic link between the eastern and western parts of Bangladesh. It generates multifarious benefits for the people and especially, promotes inter-regional trade in the country. Apart from quick movement of goods and passenger traffic by road and rail, it facilitated transmission of electricity and natural gas, and integration of telecommunication links. The bridge is located on the Asian Highway and the Trans-Asian Railway which, when fully developed, will provide uninterrupted international road and railway links from South-east Asia through Central Asia to North-west Europe.

The bridge was constructed at a cost of $962 million. The cost of construction was shared by IDA, ADB, OECF of Japan, and the government of Bangladesh. Of the total, IDA, ADB and OECF supplied 22% each, and the remaining 34% was borne by Bangladesh. The components of the project's cost were: bridge and viaducts - $269 million (28%); river training works - $323 million (35%); roads and embankments - $71 million (7%); consultancy - $33 million (3%); land, resettlement and environment - $67 million (7%); establishment - $13 million (1%) and others - $186 million (19%).

Considering the fact that the width of the main channel does not exceed 3.5 km, and after making allowances for FLOODs, a bridge length of 5 km was considered adequate. In October 1995, one year after the commencement of physical work of the bridge, a bridge length of 4.8 km, instead of a flood-width of the river at 14 km, was finalised. This narrowing was essential to keep the overall project cost within economic viability. It has, however, required considerable river training work to keep the river under the bridge.

To withstand predicted scourge and possible EARTHQUAKEs, the bridge is supported on 80-85 m long and 2.5 m and 3.15 m diameter steel piles, which were driven by powerful (240-ton) hydraulic hammer. The superstructure of the bridge is pre-cast segments erected by the balanced cantilever method. Basic features of the bridge are: length (main part) - 4.8 km; width - 18.5 metre; spans - 49; deck segments - 1263; piles - 121; piers - 50; road lanes - 4; railway tracks - 2.

After the independence of Bangladesh, the new government publicly stated its intention in 1972 to construct a bridge over the Jamuna and budgetary provisions were kept for the purpose in the 1972-73 budget. On being invited by the Bangladesh government, the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) undertook a feasibility study in 1973 on the construction of a road-cum-rail bridge over the Jamuna.

The JICA study, completed in 1976, concluded that the Jamuna project would cost $683 million with an economic rate of return (ERR) of only 2.6%. Considering that the project is not technically and economically viable, the government had abandoned the project. The government had, however, revived it later in 1982 and commissioned a new study to determine the feasibility of transferring natural gas to western parts of the country across the Jamuna. The study concluded that an independent gas connector was not economically viable. However, the consultants made an assessment of the engineering feasibility and cost of a combined road-cum-gas transmission bridge, which introduced the concept of a multipurpose bridge. It was estimated that a 12-km long bridge with three road lanes would cost $420 million. Upon consideration of the report, the cabinet made a decision to take immediate steps in pursuit of the project.

The Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority (JMBA) was set up by an ordinance promulgated by the President on 3 July 1985 to implement the project. For mobilisation of domestic resources, another ordinance was promulgated by which a Jamuna Bridge surcharge and levy were introduced. A total of Tk 5.08 billion was mobilised in the process till its abolition.

In 1986, phase-I feasibility study for the bridge was carried out when the site between Sirajganj and Bhuapur (Tangail) was found to be the best. Between 1987 and 1989, the phase-II feasibility study was carried out when a road-cum-rail-cum-power bridge was found both economically and technically viable. Funding arrangements for the bridge were finally made with IDA, ADB and OECF of Japan by the government of Bangladesh in 1992. Tenders were invited through international bidding for construction contracts in 1993. Contracts for the bridge, river training works and two approach roads were awarded in March 1994. The foundation stone of the bridge was laid on 10 April 1994. Physical implementation of the project commenced on 15 October 1994, and all the components except gas transmission line were completed by June 1998. The bridge was opened for traffic on 23 June 1998.

The construction of Bangabandhu Bridge has ushered is a new era in the transport and communication systems of Bangladesh. It has paved the way for harmonious development of agriculture, industry, electricity, forest and natural wealth in both the regions.

The Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge has added a new dimension in the national, social and economic life of the people.

The Historic Shat Gambuj Mosque

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sun, 13 May 2012 08:39:00 +0000

The Shat Gambuj Mosque is one of the greatest tourist attractions and best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. It is one of the oldest mosques of Bangladesh. It is situated in city of Bagerhat under the Khulna division. Bagerhat district is located in the south west of Bangladesh which is about 200 miles away from the Capital of Bangladesh (Dhaka). Here “Shat” means “Sixty” and “Gambuj” means “Pillar”. “Shat” is a Bengali word and “Gambuj” is an Arabic or Urdu word. The mosque has been recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO under criteria (IV), "as an outstanding example of an architectural ensemble which illustrates a significant stage in human history" in 1983. This is a great tourist attraction of Bangladesh and also the South Asia.

Bagerhat city was founded a Muslim colony near the seacoast in the District of Bagerhat in mid 15th century by the saint Ulugh Khan Jahan. He was a warrior, Turkish general and saint. He was well known for his unique capability in the administration and a builder, but also as a Pir (a saintly person). In the reign, he was one of the earliest torchbearers of Islam. In the 15th century this Bagerhat town known as Khalifatabad and nicknamed the "Mint Town of the Bengal Sultanate".

This historic city is spread over an area of 50 square kilometers on the banks of the Bhairab River. It is one of the 15 lost cities in the world. More than 50 Islamic monuments have been found after many centuries. This district was a part of the Sundarbans mangrove forest.

The Shat Gambuj Mosque is a Tughlaq styled mosque. This mosque constructed in the mid 15th century (1440) and it is completed in the year1459 with 60 pillars that support 77 exquisitely curved "low squat domes". This mosque lay over an area of 160 feet (49 m) x108 feet (33 m) size. That means it is 160 feet long and 108 feet wide. This historic mosque described the golden era of Muslim Bengal. This mosque has seven four sided central domes. The wall of this mosque is 6 feet (1.8 m) thick with a slight taper over the hollow and round walls.

Khan Jahan Ali used this mosque for prayers and it was also used as an assembly hall and Madrassa. This mosque has four towers. Seventy seven domes are over the roof and four smaller ones at the four corners of towers. Two towers were used to call Azan. The vast prayer hall has 11 arched doorways on the east and 7 each on the north and south. These doors are provides ventilation and light in the hall. There are also 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays in the midst of slim columns made of stone. These columns support the curving arches that are overlaid by the domes. The west wall of this mosque is decorated with stonework and terracotta and the flooring is of brickwork. It has eleven mihrabs. The full mosque is a wonderful archeological beauty which is the signature of 15th century.

Most of the damages of this mosque have been rectified. It is a great pleasure for us that, the UNESCO has been recognized this Shat Gambuj Mosque as a World Heritage Site in 1983. Besides these monuments, UNESCO also includes among the unique monuments: the mausoleum of Khan Jahan, Bibi Begni, and the mosques of Singar, Zindavir and Reza Khoda. At present a picnic spot has been established near this heritage site at the historical Ghora Dighi. It is the largest historical mosque of Bangladesh. If you come Bangladesh, don’t miss to visit this wonderful historic mosque in the South Asia.

How to go:

From DHAKA, the capital city of BANGLADESH , you can go by Bus service such as SHOHAG , HANIF, EAGLE for go to DHAKA to KHULNA. If you want to journy by launch or Stemar , you can go 1st MONGLA which is one of the best port area of BANGLADESH. You can also travell by Train.From Khulna it's distance may be 7 km. So you can go by RICKSHAW or Microbus .

For stay:

If you want to stay there , some hotels are ready to help you. SAGORIKA , RAHMOT HOTEL , MOHANA HOTEL , RAHAT HOTEL is for you .Shat gombuj mosque is one of the attractive place of world for tourists for its stately historical magnificence.. So you must WELLCOME to visit this historical place of BANGLADESH .

What to see:

Around Shat Gumbad are three other smaller, but equally worthy mosques, and all in good condition. These are Bibi Begni’s Mosque, which has some interesting floral motifs and is located about 500m behind Shait Gumbad Mosque and across a large pond. Then there is the bulbous Chunakhola Mosque, in a paddy field about 500m behind Bibi Begni’s Mosque; and Singar Mosque, across the highway from Shait Gumbad. The newly repaired Nine-Domed Mosque is an impressive structure. The niches in the mosque are embellished with terracotta floral scrolls and foliage motifs, with a prominent chain-and-bell terracotta motif in the centre. You may also check out the Zinda Pir Mosque, and about 2 km away from the Shait Gumbad, the Ronvijoypur Mosque.

Buddha Purnima & Buddhism

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sat, 05 May 2012 15:45:00 +0000

One of the biggest religious instructors of human creatures which Bharat has created is certainly, Buddha. Edwin Arnold has fittingly known as him the "Light of Asia". Buddha's concept has visited far and large and taken the thoughts and hearts and thoughts of immeasureable individuals outside Bharat also.

Siddhartha, the only son of Shuddhodana, the Master of Kapilavastu located at the feet of Himalayas, was prophesied by the elegant astrologer to become either a well-known emperor or a world-renowned ascetic. The dad, troubled that his son should not take to the thorny direction of a recluse, took outstanding safety measures to prevent every scenario which would trigger such ideas in his daughters thoughts.

Siddhartha matured of age without ever understanding what agony or sadness was. One day the elegant prince preferred to see the town. The Master requested that the town should be all gay and huge, so that everywhere his son would fulfill with only attractive attractions. However, an old and reduced man by the curbside occurred to get Siddhartha's eye.

It was a vision never experienced before by the prince: a submerged experience, a toothless lips, all the hands or legs emaciated, the whole human body curved and going for walks with excessive problems. The not guilty elegant prince requested who that being was. Chenna, the charioteer, responded that he was a individual who had become old. To further inquiries of Siddhartha, Chenna advised that the old man was of excellent appearance in his younger age and that every individual had to become like him after the younger times are previous. The perturbed elegant prince came back to the structure, greatly immersed in troubled ideas.

Master Shuddhodana, to be able to brighten up his mood, again requested for his daughters procession in the investment, but on following units, Siddhartha came across a tired man and a corpse being taken to the burial floor. Again it was Chenna, the charioteer, who described that human creatures were vulnerable to sickness and that loss of lifestyle certainly anticipated man at the end. As success would have it, on his last circular, Siddhartha saw a individual, his experience glowing with job and relaxed atmosphere, and observed from Chenna that he was an ascetic who had triumphed over the lifestyle cravings, concerns and sorrows and accomplished the best enjoyment of lifestyle.

And that clinched the ideas of the younger elegant prince. He was then hardly twenty-nine. In that complete flowers of younger generation, in the night time of a full-moon day, he bade good-bye to his special mother and dad, his dearest spouse Yashodhara and lovely little kid Rahul and all the elegant treats and splendid luxuries, and left to the woodlands to search for for himself solutions for the riddles of individual agony.

For seven lengthy decades, Siddhartha roamed in the woods, experienced serious austerities and lastly, on the Vaishaakha Poornima Day, the better lighting of Understanding dawned on him. He thereafter became Buddha, the Educated One. When he was an itinerant monk, he was known as Gautama and now he became well-known as Gautama Buddha. Buddha's stocked full really like for the downtrodden and displaced functioned as one of the biggest aspects for public balance and rights to the sluggish areas in the community.

Buddha's lifestyle increases in such circumstances when he recognized and upheld the cleanliness and commitment of the lowliest in the community. Once Buddha had camped in australia of Bindusara. The master - a disciple of Buddha - recognized his Expert with chariots-loads of elegant provides and promotions. The other followers also, many of them wealthy, created promotions to the best of their capability. At the end, an old and inadequate lady trekked gradually to the use of Buddha, provided a little pomegranate seed extract and flattened at his toes, Buddha requested the gong of recognition to be step in her name for that day, to the complete shock of the master and his topics.

The religious and ethical makes produced by Buddha have increased and overflowing Hinduism and assisted to wear it from perversions which had set in then.

The present-day elegant ideas and prosecutions of a typical Hindu owe not a little to the lifestyle and preachings of Buddha. And Buddha himself has been recognized as an Avataar of God by Hindus. Buddha Gaya where he accomplished his better enlightenment has to this day stayed one of the most sanctified locations of pilgrimage for the whole Hindu Community.

Buddha's philosophical research of the primary issue of individual struggling and agony assisted to carry before the typical man a filtered and simple Eight-Fold Direction of Answer, i.e., the right form of life-view, of objective, of conversation, activity, living, attempt, mindset and of attention. Buddha, like Mahaveera, denounced the pet forfeit in the yajnas and yagas and himself was as the very embodiment of sympathy to all existing creatures. He also powerfully introduced house the restricted advantage of such traditions and burdened that the achievement of Last Beatitude is the summum bonum of individual lifestyle.

As times approved, the impact of Buddha's lessons not only affected the Hindu many individuals but provided decisively in increasing emotionally several competitions distributing over a wide area of the planet, such as places such as the present-day Syria, The red sea, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Brahmadesh, Siam, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Annam, Cochin, Chinese suppliers, Sumatra, Coffee, Borneo, Malaya, Chinese suppliers, The philipines, Asia, Tibet and Khotan in Main Asia.

To this day most of these nations look upon Buddha as their better religious redeemer.

Buddha approved into everlasting after finishing his Sahasra Chandra Darshana i.e., 1000 complete celestial satellite times (80th year) on the complete celestial satellite day of Vaishaakha - the day of his beginning as also of his Enlightenment. And to this day, Buddha life on as a beacon-light to millions the planet over, who desire the serenity and well-being of all existing generation.

Mainamati - A Sign of Our History

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Wed, 25 Apr 2012 14:05:00 +0000

It is known as the Chair of Missing Dynasties. About 8 km to the western of Comilla city, located 114 km south of Dhaka, can be found a variety of low mountains known as the Mainamati-Lalmai variety, which was an comprehensive hub of Buddhist lifestyle. On the runs or these mountains lie spread a value of details about the beginning Buddhist world (7th-12th Millennium AD)

Mainamati is an separated low, lumpy variety of mountains. filled with more than 50 historical Buddhist negotiations of the 8th to Twelfth millennium AD known as Mainamati-Lalmai variety are prolonged through the hub of the section of Comilla.

Salban Vihara, almost in the center of the Mainamati-Lalmai mountain variety includes 115 tissues. designed around a huge courtyard with cruciform forehead in the hub experiencing its only entrance complicated to the northern similar to that of the Paharpur Monastery.

Kotila Mura located on a compressed hillock. about 5 km. northern of Salban Vihara in the Comilla Cantonment place is stunning Buddhist organization. Here three stupas are discovered part by part comprising the Buddhist "Trinity" or three jewelry i.e. the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.

Charpatra Mura is an separated little rectangular shrine located about 2.5 km. north-west of Kotila Mura stupas. The only strategy to the shrine is from the Eastern through a entrance which causes a huge lounge.

The Mainamati website Art gallery has a wealthy and different selection of birdwatcher clothing, silver and money and 86 brown things. Over 150 brown art forms have been retrieved mostly from the monastic tissues, brown stupas, rock art forms and thousands of terra-cotta plaques each calculating on a typical of 9" great and 8" to 12" large.

Mainamati is only 105 km from Dhaka town and is just a daily journey by street on the way to Chittagong.

Mainamati an separated variety of low mountains in the southern edges of deltaic Bangladesh, about 8 km to the western of Comilla city is a very acquainted name in our social record, where historical excavations have unveiled very considerable components. A milestone of our historical record, it symbolizes a little huge of quasi-lateritic old alluvium. The variety, set in the wide area of the rich reduced Meghna sink, expands for about 17 km north-south from Mainamati city on the Gumti Stream to Chandi Mura near the Lalmai train place. In its greatest components, the variety is about 4.5 km across and its maximum mountains obtain a size of about 45 meters. These highlands were once heavily forest with an large quantity of outrageous lifestyle, but contemporary improvements have rudely disrupted its peaceful and heavenly establishing.

he double brands - Lalmai- Mainamati - of the position have considerable weblink with the past: Lalmai or the the southeast part of aspect is similar with Lalambi-vana of the Chandra epigraphs, while the south aspect recaptures the name of the renowned Chandra king 'Maynamati', described in regional ballads and folk-songs. The historical discovers have now founded beyond any question that the social and governmental hub of historical Vanga-Samatata (southeast Bengal) was situated here. The wonder and value of that amazing previous is undoubtedly reveal in the numerous ancient monuments, piles and excavated continues to be, effectively compounded by an amazing range of run discovers from the position. Mainamati these days is, however, better known for its Buddhist continues to be revealed by excavations. Here, indeed, can be found the biggest system of historical Buddhist continues to be in Bangladesh.

The Development During the course of restoring the old axial street through these mountains in 1875, employees unintentionally found the remains of what at that time was believed to be 'a little stone fort'. It was actually a Buddhist monastery. Some 72 decades previously (1803), from the same position, was found the first Mainamati relic, the copperplate of Ranavankamalla Harikaladeva, old 1220 AD, which details a details of the investment of Pattikera as 'adorned with fortifications and monasteries'. The name now endures in the contemporary Patikara pargana of the vicinity.

The Mainamati remains were found during the Second Community War. While establishing up an enhance get away, the army came across historical continues to be at a variety of factors in the variety. In the rushed study that followed, 18 websites were recognized and secured by the govt. In more frequent and methodical internet surveys performed between 1955 and 1957, when the whole variety was secure by individual profession, more than 50 websites were situated. Most of those websites lie in the south 50 percent of the variety, now within the Cantonment. Archaeological excavations began in Jan 1955. In several stages of excavation of the 50 odd websites nine have so far been revealed. Though the excavations have not yet been accomplished and have been restricted in many aspects, the outcomes so far acquired and the details acquired offer a audio historical base for the renovation of the lifestyle and record of the beginning interval of this previously unknown area.

Most important among the excavated sites is shalvan vihara, which can be found about the center of the variety in the area of the present day Bangladesh Academia for Non-urban Progression (BARD) at Kotbari. Excavations have revealed a huge paharpur type Buddhist monastery and a money of content things datable from the 7th to Twelfth decades AD. The findings from the website involve eight engraved copperplates, about 400 gold and money, many clay-based and prepared clay-based closes and sealings, a lot of sculptural types in rock, brown and clay-based found in situ or otherwise. The huge monastery together with its main shrine was designed by Shri Bhavadeva, it all leader of the beginning deva empire of devaparvata, sometime towards the end of the 7th or beginning 8th millennium AD.

At kutila mura, the best pile in the east aspect of the variety near ananda vihara, were found the most eye-catching typical monuments in Mainamati The excavated typical monuments involve three key stupas and a variety of additional chapels and chaitya-halls designed around them, all of which were encased by a large edge wall. Exciting and complex architectural types and eye-catching designs have been safeguarded at the website. Excavations have not yet been accomplished here; the monastery in the south end and two huge stupas in two pizza of the website stay to be removed yet. The excavated proof indicates 7th millennium AD as the date of the beginning of these typical monuments. The website stayed filled until the Thirteenth millennium AD as indicated by an Abbasid money retrieved from an in the of the website.

charpatra mura is a fascinating little website, located in the south aspect of the variety in about the hub of the Cantonment area, where was found the continues to be of a little Hindu forehead old in the Chandra period (10th-11th millennium AD). It is one of the first known illustrations of Hindu forehead structure in Bangladesh. Four copperplates were found in this monument and hence the name Charpatra (four plates) Mura.

Among the many unexcavated sites, discuss may be made of the Bairagir Mura, a medium-sized great pile immediately to the european of Kutila Mura in the Cantonment. Brickbats, potsherds and parts of rock pictures found spread on the exterior highly indicate its historical significance. The website has been horribly broken by the development of two large water septic tanks on its top for drinking water to the Cantonment. A variety of things were found during development work; only two (dated in the Chandra period) have found their place into the regional art gallery - the reduced aspect of an engraved heavy rock picture status on a lotus throne, and the brown life-size head of a Bodhisattva picture.

The development of a heavy brown gong, large clothed rock rectangle prevents (presumably main bases), one copperplate, and one rock cavity enducing oral plaque identities, and a variety of brown and clay art forms clearly indicate the value of the Rupban Kanya Mura, located in the center of the Kotbari area. But the website has now been levelled to provide the celebration ground and car ports of the Cantonment.

The Kotbari Mound revealed clear records of a Shalvan Vihara type monastery with a cruciform shrine in the hub. A huge mosque and its connected graveyard have taken over the website.

Pakka Mura is an essential unexcavated website (274m by 91m, 15m high) on the european side of the variety, about a kilometer and a half free airline of the Kotbari remains. The need for the website can be found in its following expansion to its reduced base on the european, presumably after the stream had dry or modified its course. A aspect of the silted up riverbed was modified into a large water container called Tara Dighi, the further main aspect of which has now been modified into two modern septic tanks. While developing the larger container, about two miles in dimension, two exciting black rock pictures of Visnu, one life-size and the other a bit lesser, displaying older Sena-Deva features, were found. Among other associated discovers most significant is a copperplate wording of Dasharathadeva (13th century), son and heir of Damodaradeva of the later Deva empire.

The comprehensive great pile on the european side of the variety, about 2.5 km to the north west of the most southern website of Chandi Mura, in the area known as Rupban Mura, had noticeable architectural continues to be in the shape of a round dome at the top of the pile. Treatment of stones by regional population has already triggered devastation of the revealed architectural continues to be. The website has the potential of producing essential continues to be.

At the excessive the southeast part of end of the variety, about 1.6 km to the north west of Lalmai train place, is a popular pile (457m by 183m, 18m high), in the area called Chandi Mura. The website comes its name from the double wats of Chandi built on the peak of the pile, some 250 in the past by a Maharaja of Tripura. The historical personality of the website is undisturbed; the pile probably contains the continues to be of a huge forehead. The top of the pile was horribly broken, first by the development of the Chandi wats, and later by modern designs performed by individuals associated with the wats. However, the historical continues to be at the 'abnormal' amounts may still be unchanged.

Among other unexcavated websites, discuss may be made of Mainamati Mound 2, Abbas Ali Mura, Station Commander's Property, Hatigara Mound, Ujirpur Mound, Ghila Mura and Balaghazir Mura. All these websites have produced proof of continues to be of historical significance. Most of these websites are now in bad shape due to obstinate or unwillful carelessness of the individuals using the piles or their local community.

Antiquities The Mainamati excavations have produced an extremely rich collect of useful antiquities such as 12 copperplate funds and reduced image-inscriptions, over 400 precious steel money, numerous clay-based and clay-based closes and sealings, some Neolithic rock axes and chisels, a huge collection of rock, brown, stucco and clay-based art forms, rock and clay-based pellets, silver, silver and brown decorations, attractive clay-based and structural pieces, steel and clay-based containers, dishes, attractive accents and items, oil lighting fixtures and a variety of other things of daily use. The majority of these things comes from Shalvan Vihara, the most consistently excavated website. Together, they lead considerably to our knowledge of historical Vanga-Samatata, protecting a period of about seven century from the 6th to Thirteenth decades AD.

About a number of floor and refined narrow-butted hand-axes and chisels, mainly of traditional wooden, have been retrieved from the excavations. Latest search have discovered a few Neolithic negotiations in southeast the Mainamati variety. The gathered kinds must have initially come from there. They display obvious appreciation with the Neolithic sectors of Western Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Mainamati excavations have, thus, tossed a overflow of light on almost every element of the life and lifestyle of the south eastern element of Bengal. It has offered information regarding the public, financial and governmental scenario of the area and has led to the development of the amazing beginning Deva empire and of Balabhatta, the creator of Devaparvata. It has resolved a number of traditional and regional concerns, for example, concerning the level and range of Samatata, the place of Devaparvata, Pattikera and Lalambi-vana, and the scenario of Harikela. More important, with the analysis and analysis of clay and the explanation and series relationship of the ceramic kinds and other typical things, Mainamati has now offered set a feasible base for further analysis and analysis in the area. Mainamati discovers have no question enhanced the skyline of our knowing of our previous.

Tribal Of Bangladesh - Chakma

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Fri, 20 Apr 2012 07:48:00 +0000

Chakma is the name of the largest tribe present in the hilly area of eastern Bangladesh known as the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Their name was first used by British census-takers to portray sure hill people.

LOCATION

The Chakma population is estimated to be around 550,000. It is spread over different countries. The majority (about 300,000 people) can be present in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. There's also about 80,000 Chakmas in Mizoram State in India, and twenty,000 in Burma (Myanmar).

The Chakmas are a Mongoloid people related to people of southwestern Burma. The Chittagong Hills form part of the western fringe of the mountain regions of Burma and eastern India. The region has warm temperatures, monsoon rains, and high humidity.

LANGUAGE

The Chakmas speak a dialect of Bengali (Bangla) and use the standard Bengali alphabet.

RELIGION

The Chakmas are Buddhists. Chakmas officially follow the Southern, or Theravada, kind of the Buddhism. But, their kind of Buddhism has aspects of Hinduism & traditional religions as well.

Every Chakma village has a Buddhist temple (kaang). Buddhist priests or monks are called Bhikhus. They preside at religious festivals & ceremonies. The villagers support their monks with food, gifts, & offerings to Buddha.

The Chakmas also worship Hindu deities. Lakshmi, for example, is worshipped as the Goddess of the Harvest. Chakmas offer the sacrifice of goats, chickens, or ducks to calm the spirits that are believed to bring fevers & disease. Although animal sacrifice is against Buddhist beliefs, the Chakma Buddhist priests ignore the practice.

MAJOR HOLIDAYS

Chakmas celebrate various Buddhist festivals. The most important is Buddha Purnima. This is the anniversary of important events in Buddha's life - his birth, his attainment of enlightenment, and his death. It is observed on the full moon day of the month of Vaisakh (usually in May).

On this and other festival days, Chakmas put on their best clothes and visit the temple. There, they offer flowers to the picture of Buddha, light candles, and listen to sermons from the priests. Alms (offerings) are given to the poor, and feasts are held for the priests.

The three-day festival known as Bishu , which coincides with the Bengali New Year's Day, is celebrated with much enthusiasm. Houses are decorated with flowers, young children pay special attention to the elderly to win their blessings, and festive dishes are prepared for guests.

RELATIONSHIPS

Chakma hospitality is overflowing. Guests are given home-brewed liquor and the hukka (hooka) pipe. The hukka is a pipe used for smoking tobacco. It's a long flexible tube attached to a water bottle. The smoke is cooled by passing over the water before being inhaled by the smoker.

Chakmas greet each other with the traditional cry, Hoya! This exuberant shout is also used to express pleasure at victory in sports such as tug-of-war that accompany the numerous hill festivals held all year long. After living for so lots of years near Muslims, some Chakmas use the Muslim greeting, Salaam.

LIVING CONDITIONS

Chakmas build their houses on slopes near the banks of a river or a stream. A few related families may build on the same plot of land, making a homestead (bari). Baris cluster together to form hamlets (para) & a variety of hamlets make up a village (gram).

The traditional Chakma house is made of bamboo. It is constructed on a bamboo or wooden platform about meters (six feet) above the ground. The house is built on the rear of the platform. Mat walls divide the house in to separate compartments. A porch in the front of the house is divided in by a mat partition. area is used by men & boys & the other by ladies & girls. Small compartments may be built for storage of grain & other possessions. Household objects ranging from baskets to pipes for smoking tobacco are made out of bamboo.

FAMILY LIFE

Chakmas are divided in to clans (gojas), which are further subdivided in to subclans (guttis). Members of the same subclan are prohibited to marry each other. Parents arrange marriages, although the wishes of sons and daughters are taken in to account. A bride cost (goods given by groom's relatives to bride's relatives) is fixed when the families negotiate the marriage.

The marriage ceremony is called Chumulong and is performed by Buddhist priests. If young people elope, the marriage can be formalized on payment of fines. Polygyny (marriage to over spouse) is acceptable but rare. Divorce is allowed, as is remarriage after the death of a partner.

CLOTHING

Chakma men have given up their traditional clothes for Western-style shirts and trousers. It is the ladies who maintain the traditional Chakma style of dress, which consists of pieces of cloth. is worn as a skirt, wrapped around the lower part of the body and extending from waist to ankle. Its traditional color is black or blue, with a red border at top and bottom.

The second piece of cloth is a breast-band, woven with colored designs, that is tightly wrapped around the upper body. This is worn with a variety of necklaces, bracelets, anklets, rings, and other ornaments. Chakma ladies are expert weavers and make their own cloth.

FOOD

The staple food of the Chakmas is rice, supplemented by millet, corn (maize), vegetables, and mustard. Vegetables include yams, pumpkins, melons, and cucumbers. Vegetables and fruit gathered from the forest may be added to the diet. Fish, poultry, and meat (even pork) are eaten, despite the Buddhist taboo on consuming animal flesh.

Traditional diets have slowly been abandoned, as the Chakmas have been made to run away their homeland. Some typical Chakma dishes include fish, vegetables, and spices stuffed in to a length of bamboo and cooked in a low fire; foods wrapped in banana leaves and placed beside a fire; and eggs that are aged until they are rotten.

Chakmas do not like milk. They drink alcoholic drinks freely, and every household makes its own rice liquor. Alcohol is consumed at all festivals and social occasions.

EDUCATION

Chakmas live in isolated areas of Bangladesh. They are not part of the majority population and are poor by Western standards. They don't have access to Western-style schooling. Literacy (ability to read and write) among men of the hill tribes is about 15 percent. This figure drops to 7 percent for females.

CULTURAL HERITAGE

Buddhists books, translated in to Chakma and written on palm leaves, are known as Aghartara. The Tallik is a detailed account of medicinal plants, methods of their preparation, and their use in the treatment of illness.

Traditional musical instruments include a bugle made from buffalo horn, a circular piece of iron with a string stretched across it that vibrates to produce sound, and a drum. The bamboo flute is played by all Chakma youth. Unlike other tribal groups of the eastern hills, dancing is not an important part of Chakma life.

Folk music is a major aspect of Chakma tribal culture. It includes romantic love songs known as Ubageet. The Genkhuli ballads relate incidents from the past. There's also epic poems like Radhamon and Dhanapati.

RECREATION

Traditional forms of recreation include popular folk songs and music, and jatra, the village opera. Wrestling and other sports held at fairs are popular. Historicallyin the past, hunting and fishing were favourite pastimes.

CRAFTS AND HOBBIES

The Chakma are expert at making a variety of household goods from bamboo, often using nothing over a simple knife. Ladies are specialist weavers and dyers and make their own cloth called Alam. They are expert in the art of making baskets from bamboo.

Cox's Bazar - A largest resource of natural beauty in the world

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Sat, 14 Apr 2012 10:52:00 +0000

Cox's Bazar, the world's longest natural sandy sea beach with its wonderful 125 km length, & most visited tourist destinations in Bangladesh. It is as well as a contemporary town; widely known fishing port as well as a district headquarter in Bangladesh.It is a district in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh near the border of Myanmar. The town is located 150 kilometer south of Chittagong. Due to lack of development, publicity & mismanagement; the spot has so far to become a most desirable international tourist location in Asia.

Alternative Name: "Panowa" means "yellow flower".
Elderly Name: "Palongkee".

Modern Cox's Bazar: The modern Cox's Bazar gained its name from British-Indian Captain Hiram Cox in the 18th century. They was an officer of British East India Company. They did several social works here as the Superintendent of Palongkee outpost before they died in 1799. The works they had done made him a place in the hearts of the locals. As a result, to commemorate Cox's role in social work a market was established here & named after him as "Cox's Bazar" ("Cox's Market") with time it turn as Cox's Bazar.

Cox's Bazar city is not so large. It's only 6.85 km² of area. But its weather condition is always nice for healthy life. Bangladesh is situated in the monsoon area. So in the Cox's Bazar there is seasonal alter. In this region most of the time there stay high temperature, heavy rainfall excessive humidity because of the Bay of Bengal. The weather is controlled by the beautiful sea Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal in Cox's Bazar is a small port & health resort.

Near the Cox's Bazar city there's several places to visit which places are beautiful for the tourists. Himchari, Laboni Beach, Sonadia Island, Maheshkhali, Teknaf, ST Martin Island etc places are fascinating & enjoyable spot for the viewers.

The best outstanding scenery of Cox's Bazar is the dawn & sundown scenery. You can enjoy there with water-related activities. Lots of tiny shopping mall can be found here you can get lovely handmade clothes, Barmiz shoes, dress & various types of showpieces. You will also get various kinds of food. The traditional Achar (pickle) & Shutki (dry fish) of Cox's Bazar are famous around the globe.

Cox's Bazar is a great place to visit for a tourist. Every year a giant number of tourists come here from across the world. Lots of high class hotels are driving their business in the Cox's Bazar. So, don't think for accommodation. It is a matter of sorrow for the country that a few number of foreign tourists come here for visiting. However, for the shortage of publication the spot cannot assault more visitors which ought to be. But recently, the administrations take some step to increase its facilities & publicities.

Cox's Bazar's Environment

The main attraction of Cox's Bazar is the world longest but least-crowded sandy beach which stretches from the mouth of the Bakkhali River and going all the way to Teknaf. Though normally known as Cox's Bazar beach, but the beach stretches far beyond the region designated as Cox's Bazar town. The setting for the beach with its silvery gold sand is tropical-forested hills.

"Miles of golden sands, surfing waves, rare conch shells, towering cliffs, pleasant seafood, tribes, colorful pagodas and Buddhist temples" - this is not a literary description for Cox's Bazar beach, it's an illustration for the keen who need to imagine the beach. The beauty of the beach cannot be described by writing as no suitable word you can get to explain it.

Mineral content in beach sand:

Hornblende
Garnet
Epidote
Ilmenites
Magnetite
Rutile
Pyrite
Hydroxides

Bathing: The rise & fall of the tide is not great here; so, it is a better place for sea-bathing. However, the shark free warm waters are lovely for swimming & bathing. On the other hand, the sandy beaches offer sun-bathing opportunity.

Best Time for Tour: September and October

Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit here is at dawn and sundown while the sand changes colors.

Activities: Watching the sun set; it is wonderful and everybody watches it. Best place for capturing pics.

Hazard: In the event you are a foreigner, everybody would need to speak to you. They also have their picture taken with you. It is a lit-bit annoying. However, it is a great way to get opportunity to speak to local people and know their culture and custom. In the event you are in bikini or western dress, locals' eye may embarrass you.

Beaches & Tourist Place In Cox's Bazar

Laboni Beach
Laboni beach is regarded as the main beach area of Cox's Bazar as is at the central location and close to town. The beach is always crowded by tourists. Visitors can sunbathe, surf, jog, cycle, and swim. It is best for swimming and relaxation. Numerous memento shops around the area can attract tourist to buy the souvenirs, beach accessories and some other stuffs.

Inani Beach
Inani beach is famous for its golden sand. The pretty beach attracts most of the tourist who appreciate warmly the wonders of nature. With flights often available at http://www.fly.com/ to the nearby Cox's Bazar airport, it's no wonder that this has become a popular holiday location. Tourists like to come here for relaxing as it is free from the crowd of visitors who are usually seen at the Laboni beach. The beach is usually thought about to be the world's longest beach.

Location: Located about 32 km to the south of the famous tourist location of Cox's Bazar

Attraction:

Backdrop of lush green hills rising up on the east.
The sea stretching out endlessly to the west.
Unusual formed rock & coral boulders scattered lavishly in the beach & trough the sea.
Fringed with tall palm trees swaying gently in the breeze.
Seashells of different colors, shapes, & sizes are found along here.
Calm lagoon which is brilliant for the small ones to paddle in.
Getting on the rock & coral boulders with the waves washing up on the shore around you, will be an therapeutic experience.
Beach combing.
Shark free water is suitable for sea bathing.

Note: Every year numerous foreign & local tourists come here to spend their leisure in Inani Beach. However, it lacks several amenities that visitors can expect. It is wise to take a packed lunch & water with you when you visit the beach. But those individuals who have taken the time to explore the beach can testify that its beauty & cold breeze far outweighs anything it might be lacking in amenities. When visiting Inani Beach, make positive you have camera along to capture the wonderful sight of the sun setting over the sea.

Location: Located 12 km south of Cox's Bazar Town & 6 km from the Kalatali beach by the hill.

Himchari
Himchari is of the most attractive places for the visitors. Journey to Himchari is also fascinating because the road to Himchari runs by the lovely green hills on side & open blue sea on the other side. The scenery of the side of the road pleased all.

Area: 1,729 hectare

Getting there: From Kalatali stand, it is only 15-minute ride to entry; in case you take a taxi or chander gari (local transport). You can also rent a automobile from Cox's Bazar.

Outstanding Features:

Pretty Waterfall
Himchari National Park
Broken Hill
Christmas Tree

Pretty Waterfall: The amazing waterfall of Himchari is a very rare scene to enjoy. The waterfall from the green hill is comparatively strange to look at. However, in the winter it dwindles whereas in the rainy season it is amazing & full waterfall could be enjoyed.

The spot is ideal for picnic, shooting, relaxing & sunbathing. But every time you have sunbathing locals can rush around you as Bangladeshi's are not used to see ladies in swim costume. Here you get pretty hilltop resort center where you can stay for relaxing & can listen to the shore of the Bay of Bengal.

2. Himchari National Park: The Park is a pretty tropical rain forest (evergreen & semi-ever-green) around the South Asia. The park was established in 1980. This place is maintained, protected and secured by the government for the foreign tourists and the local visitors. The Park is not only beautiful for the tourists it is also beautiful for the biologist.

The park gets high forest, low forest & grasslands with a few trees. Around 58 species of trees, four species grasses, 15 species of shrubs, 19 climbers and 21 species of herbs altogether 117 plant species are available here. In the forest area there's at least0 kinds of important herbs like Curculigo recurvata, Swintonia floribunda and Alpinia nigra are available which most valuable plant are for the biologist.

The park is also regarded as a paradise of birdwatcher. Lots of bird watchers are gathered here for the seeing the different kinds of birds, as over 286 species of birds found there. Additionally, 55 species of mammals, 56 species of reptiles and 13 species of amphibians are present in the evergreen forest. A little number of elephants and leopard also found here. The US administration already made an agreement with Bangladesh government to induct tigers in to the forest areas.

Wild life: Elephant, Tigers, Capped Langur, Gibbon, Rhesus Macaque, Dhole, Sloth Bear, Hirundo Rustica, Indian Muntjac, Wild Boar, Cypsiurrus Parvus Leopard Cat, Jungle Cat, Fishing Cat, & Acridotheres.
Adventure: Picnic, Shooting & Bird safari
Entry Fee: Tk. 500/ Person
Present Visitors: 2,00,000 / Year

Broken Hills: It is also an attraction for most of the visitors. Come & see what wonder waiting for you.

Christmas Tree: The Christmas tree of here is another famous attraction for the tourist.

Best Time to Visit: September 01 to October 31

Accommodation: After visiting Himchari in case you need to stay at night, ought to stay in Cox's Bazar. You will receive a considerable number of hotels & restaurants there with different budget.

Note: You can reach Himchari only by the beach. So, make definite you are back to town before high tide rise in the evening. It is not wise to stay here after sundown.

Accommodation Place For Tourist In Cox's Bazar

Cox's Bazar, questionably the hot tourist spot in Bangladesh. The place visited by numerous tourist from all over the world every year including UK, Korea, Japan, USA, India, Australia, Nepal, Pakistan. There is no exact record in Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation (BPC) on usually how plenty of tourist visit Cox's Bazar every year. However, an AFP document says in the coursework of the winter over ten,000 obtainable rooms in Cox's Bazar beach area hotels usually stay occupied seven days each week.

Most of the Cox's Bazar hotels provide quality service with reasonable cost. Accommodation close to the beach differs from a pricey range to an affordable cost. It is always nice to make a reservation before you come here as your budget. Here you get some hotel address to book your reservation to keep away from any hassle.

Hotels in Cox's Bazar:

SEAGULL HOTEL

Rank: five star
Rooms: 182 well appointed visitor rooms. (Regular Rooms - 120, Deluxe Rooms - 41, Suite Rooms -twenty, Presidential Suite - 01)

Services & Facilities:

Central Air-conditioning Process
24 Hours Room Service
Travel Table
Coffee Shop-serving Multi-cuisine Menu
Specialty Restaurants
Lawn Tennis
Swimming Pool
Safe Deposit Locker
Beauty parlor
Barbar Shop
Bar-well Stocked Choice of Liquors Available
Doctor on Call
Left Luggage Room
Running Hot and Cold water
Elevator- three Units
Money Exchange
Power Generators
Business Middle
Rent - A - Automobile Service
Shopping Arcade
Valet Service
Laundry Service
Airport Transfers
Gym
Sauna
Steam Bath
Hot Spa Therapy & Massage

Accommodation Cost:

Regular - Sea View (Single Bed) BDT 2,590/=
Regular - Sea View (Double Bed) BDT 3,190/=

Regular - Hill View (Single Bed) BDT 2,420/=
Regular - Hill View (Double Bed) BDT 2,970/=

Deluxe - Sea View (Single Bed) BDT 3,300/=
Deluxe - Sea View (Double Bed) BDT 3,850/=

Deluxe - Hill View (Single Bed) BDT 3,080/=
Deluxe - Hill View (Double Bed) BDT 3,630/=

Suites BDT 7,700/=
President Suite BDT 25,000/=

Above rates are subject to addition of 10% Service charge and 15% VAT.

HOTEL SEA PALACE LIMITED
Rank: five star

Services & Facilities:

Gym
Swimming Pool
Water sports
Billiard Room
Burmese Shopping Arcade
Business Middle Facilities
Ball Room
Conference Room
Board Room

Accommodation Cost:

Presidential Suite: BDT 60,000/=
Royal Suites: BDT twenty,000/=
Honeymoon Suite: BDT 15,000/=
Crown Regular Suite (Twin bed): BDT 6,000/=
Crown Regular Suite (Couple bed): BDT five,000/=
Tremendous Deluxe Room (Twin bed): BDT four,500/=
Deluxe Room (Couple bed): BDT four,000/=
Regular Room (Couple bed): BDT three,000/=

15% value added Tax & 10% service charges will be included with each of above.

Some Other Cox's Bazar Hotels Knowledge:

Hotel Sea Palace
Kalatoli Road, Cox's Bazar
Cell: +88-01714-652227, 01714-652228
Ph: +88-0341-63692, 63792, 63794, 638260, 63853
eMail: seapalace@gmail.com

Saint Martin Resort
Plot # ten, Block- a, Kalatali Road, Cox's Bazar Bangladesh
Ph: +88-0341-62862, 64275
eMail: info@hotelsaintmartin.com.bd

Hotel Daffodil International
Kalatoli Road, Sea Beach r/A, Cox's Bazar
Cell: +88-0189-874064, 01711-761672
Ph: +88-0341-64637, 62544
Fax: +88-0341-62544

Hotel Media International
Hotel Media Zone, Sea Beach Road, Cox's bazar
Cell: +88-01711-341164, 0189-519719
Ph: +88-0341-62881 -5
eMail: shahin@bttb.net.bd

Hotel Sayeman
Hotel Sayeman Road, Cox's Bazar
Cell: +88-01711-022088
Ph: +88-0341-63900 -4, 63703 -7
Fax: +88-0341-64231
eMail: sayeman@bttb.net.bd

Hotel Shaibal
Ph: +88-0341-63274
Fax: +88-0341-64202

Hotel Panwoa Limited
Prodhan Shorok, Cox's Bazar 4000 Bangladesh
Ph: +88-0341-63282

Hotel Phanthonibash
Ph: +88 0341-64703
Fax: +88-0341-62223

Motel Probal
Ph: +88-0341-63211

This is the short description about Cox's Bazar. If you want to enjoy the whole beauty of nature you have to come Cox's Bazar must.........

Celebrating Pohela Boishakh In Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Fri, 13 Apr 2012 12:37:00 +0000

Bangladeshi people are well-known for their custom, culture, hospitality & for their divine power of adaptation through adversities. Well, their celebration in different festivals is a part of their custom & they know well how to celebrate.

The first day of the new year is celebrated in a befitting manner all over the world. Bangladeshi people are no exception in this respect.

This time it is 1419 on Bangla calender; but ought to it suggests & indicate that life did start 1418 year ago? If fact it was a non-Bengali Mughol king, Emperor Akbar - who introduced Bangla calender based on Gregorian calender , Boishakh being the first month of the year- coinciding his antecedence to the Mughol throne. So each year, knowingly or unknowingly, when they celebrate Pohela Boishakh, we're also celebrating the coronation day of the Emperor Akbar.

Akbar's idea of introducing Boishakh as the first month of the year gained immense popularity because for a long time it was already the month of new harvests & celebration among Bangali people.

People from all walks of life celebrate this great occasion with enthusiasm & funfair. On major religious celebrations, like- Eid, X-mas & so on; people from a specific religion celebrates the event with great spirit & joy. But Pohela Boishakh is the day which is celebrated by the people of all religions, ethnicity, languages, think, race & age. The harmony of this celebration is brilliant & inspiring. Pohela Boishakh opens a new year on Bangla calender & inspires all of us to start a new fresh life with hopes, aspiration & prosperity.Pohela Boishakh lasts for a day but it remains in our mind for a long period. This is the day to access our past, draw new hopes & aspiration for the future.

The whole Bangladesh celebrates the day in every way feasible and definitely they celebrate the day in Bangali culture and custom. Housewives cook appetizing dishes including 'Panta-Vat' and 'Pitha-Payesh' and everybody tries to wear new dresses. The costume reflects our traditions ans nationality as females wear sharee & males wear Lungi/Pagama -pungabi. The occasion is immense. Even for day we're Bangali in every way feasible. kids & teenagers use tattoos of different types- mostly the welcoming verses of Pohala Boishakh or NoboBorsho to show the importance of their celebration mood. Pohala Boishakh is celebrated all over the Bangladesh & west Bengal in India as well as different countries including USA & UK among Banglai community.The celebration is immense both in towns & country sides as well.

Village people mostly take the day of from their works & enjoy the day with relatives members. They take their kids to fairs & bazaars & buy them different toys, dolls, dresses, sweet-meats & flutes. Flute is of the most favourite items among kids & the sound is in every single place. Halkhata- which is a widely known party for rural people based on the day, Pohela Baishakh. The businessmen of all kinds close the debit-credit that day & open new note-books/ debit-credit khata & as to make the event more fascinating & acceptable there is a party thrown by them. Sweetmeat & Luchi is the main food offered in the party of the Halkhata. In the fairs people watches different shows , play on nagordolas & enjoys with great enthusiasm. People sometimes walk having their kids on top of their shoulders- mile after mile- to take their kids to the fairs & bazaar. Ladies prepare foods for the relatives members, wears new sharee (specially Red & White) & visit neighbors. Parents give their kids money to visit the fairs & to buy toys & foods. The rural & sub-urban dwellers celebrate the day as a outstanding day of the year.

In towns and giant cities, various social-cultural organizations arrange cultural and other programs including country songs , traditional dance, discussion, poem reciting etc. In Dhaka the first program of the day takes place at Ramana Batamul organized by leading cultural organizations. Baishakhi Mela at the Dhaka University is of the main attractions and people from all part of the city collect there. People also organize cultural programs in various places of the city. Girls and boys wear traditional costumes including sharee, Pungabee, gamsa and sandals. City people eat traditional 'Panta-Ilish' in the morning and other expensive foods and dishes at lunch and dinner.This is a national holiday and people enjoy the day every way feasible. The city dwellers have limited time to enjoy and refrain from works and this is of the days they live a full life.

There is in fact no New year or Pohela Boishak , because time flowing perpetually is eternal in indivisible. Yet people around the globe divide and picture time in to years, months, weeks, days, so on and forth. Bangali are no exception and they have the New Year of their own and it's Pohela Boishakh. Bangali celebrate the Pohela Boishakh to access their past, draw new hopes and aspiration for the future with great enthusiasm and excitement. Pohela Boishakh thus the day day they cherish, the day they celebrate, the day they become complete Bangali, forget our past errors and the day for a better future.

History About Bangladesh

noreply@blogger.com (Mirror Of Bangladesh) — Thu, 12 Apr 2012 18:10:00 +0000

The 13th & 15th Century

From the 13th century A.D. the Buddhists & Hindus were swamped by the floodwater of Muslim conquerors & the tide of Islam up to 18th century. Sometimes there were independent rulers like the Hussain Shahi & Ilyas Shahi dynasties, while at other times they ruled on behalf of the Imperial stool of Delhi.

From the 15th century, the Europeans, namely Portuguese, Dutch, Italian & British traders exerted an economic influence over the region. British political rule over the region began in 1757 A.D., when the last Muslim ruler of Bengal was defeated at Palassey. In 1947 the subcontinent was partitioned in to India & Pakistan. Present Bangladesh became the Eastern Wing of the then Pakistan. But the movement for autonomy of East Pakistan started within a couple of years because of language & cultural differences & economic disparity between the wings.

The Language Movement

The Language Movement of 1952 to recognize Bangla as a state language may be termed as the first step towards independence.

Political & economic deprivation of the Bengalees prompted Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Brother of the Nation, to put forward in 1966 his historic six points, the "Magna Carta" which in effect structured the foundation for East Pakistan's future independence.

The War of Liberation

In the 1970 elections, although the Awami League emerged as the largest party in Pakistan Parliament, it was not allowed to form the government by the ruling military junta. In the backdrop of a non-cooperation movement launched against the military regime by Awami League.

Bangabandhu declared at a historic public meeting held at Ramna Race Coursework (renamed Suhrawardy Uddyan) on 7 March, 1971, attended by around two million people, "The struggle this tune is the struggle for freedom, the struggle this tune is the struggle for independence." It was a defacto declaration of independence.

Thus in a preplanned manner on 25th March 1971. The Pakistan army embarked on what may be termed as history's worst genocide. A military crackdown was ordered, & Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib was arrested & taken away to West Pakistan. But before they was arrested they sent out a demand the liberation war to start. Known as the Declaration of (lie War of Independence, this hurriedly written historic document read as follows:

"Pak Army suddenly attacked EPR Base at Pilkhana, Rajarbagh Police Line & killing citizens. Street battles are going on in every street of Dacca. Chittagong. I appeal to the nations of the world for help. Our freedom fighters are gallantly fighting with the enemies to free the motherland. I appeal & order you all in the name of Almighty Allah to fight to the last drop of blood to liberate the country. Ask Police, EPR, Bengal Regiment & Ansar to stand by you & to fight. No compromise. Victory is ours. Drive out the enemies from the holy soil of motherland. Convey this message to all Awami League leaders, workers & other patriots & lovers of freedom. May Allah bless you. Joy Bangla".

Independence

Sister of the Nation Bangahandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the founder- president of Bangladesh. He was subsequently assassinated on 15th August, 1975 by a group of conspirators. After 21 years of military & authoritarian rule, Bangabandhu's party-Bangladesh Awami League led by his illustrious daughter Sheikh Hasina, swept hack to power through a free & fair parliamentary election held under a Caretaker Government in June. 1996.