Autobikes-info

Electric Bicycles Summary: The Razor Pocket Mod Scooter

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Mon, 4 Jul 2011 15:39:00 -0700

For the reason that our kids are sure to inherit the earth, whatever condition it is in, it is crucial that, as long as we are here, we make certain to protect and safeguard it. When a child receives a bicycle, it's generally regarded as a milestone in their development. This is also a fact whenever they start driving—this is a main step toward adulthood. If you want to incorporate a sense of awareness about environmental issues in your youngsters, you need to realise that there is a an eco-friendly choice that entails not just pedalling or not just operating a motor vehicle, but both. What are we referring to? The electric bicycle, of course! Electric bicycles are a perfect means of showing your child the significance of taking care of and appreciating their environment, and they can get versions suited for them. Read on the learn about the Razor Pocket Mod electric scooter.

Electric Bicycles: Major Characteristics of the Razor Pocket Mod Electric Scooter

It will cost under £320.00 to purchase the Razor Pocket Mod for your youngster. Having been motivated by customary styles of past times, this unique scooter narrows the gap between pedalled and fossil-fuel power vehicles. Electric bicycles are power driven with robust, rechargeable motors which do not have very much effect on environmental aspects. This Pocket Mod is equipped with a step through frame plus 30cm pneumatic tyres. The frame is made from steel, so it's sure to endure the rigours of belonging to a youngster. Of course, it is not a toy. The high torque motor and chain drive propel the scooter along at a maximum speed of about 9kph. The battery has a range of about 10 miles before it needs recharging. The bicycle’s retractable centre-mounted kickstand is also a component we particularly favour.

Electric Bicycles: More About the Razor Pocket Mod

Just the same as a bike, this Pocket Mod is constructed with a secure hand-controlled rear brake. It is effortless to activate via a direct start twist-grip throttle. It has a weight of merely 26kg, which enables the battery to last longer before charging. There is a useful storage section underneath the seat to store those significant childhood belongings. The scooter measures 127cm x 45cm x 76cm (L x W x H). It is made for kids 13 years old and older; it will withstand a maximum user weight of 77kg.

Electric Bicycles: Some Concluding Comments Regarding Safety

You have the option to buy some fundamental and enjoyable accessories for this Pocket Mod such as Rider H&B helmets and also pad sets for both males and females. Furthermore, you can get a Bell Faction helmet with a matte black finish. Whichever helmet you pick out, make certain you get the proper helmet to fit your child’s head. It needs to fit on top of his/her head and have 2 finger widths of room between the eyebrows and the helmet. When you fasten this helmet’s strap, there should be exactly one finger’s width of slack. Remember, that there may be hidden damages, if the youngster has a accident whilst wearing this helmet. Therefore, it would be better to get rid of and replace the helmet.

Just the same as electric bicycles, scooters such as the Razor Pocket Mod would be a terrific gift for a kid.

two strokes engine performance

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 16:01:00 -0700

1. Ignition and piston work.
At this point the fuel property will decide the heat release, at which time the fuel will produce work. A well designed fuel is an important factor to race engines. The heat release time from combustion is mainly decided from the fuel properties, air/fuel ratio and cylinder head design. The fuel ratio of H/C (hydrogen/carbon) in the CnHm molecules varies, n and m takes certain values for different fuels. During the combustion, the molecules break down step by step with different heat release at each step. 50% of the available heat is usually released within 5° -10° ATDC (After Top Dead Center).
The picture shows the relationship to crank angle and crank moment. As a schedule example, if fuelblend 1 releases most of the energy in a very short time after TDC with a high pressure peak and blend 2 in a longer period of time with a moderate pressure peak then the moment on the crank will be different over the time for the two cases.
(Pressure in MPa creates an additional piston force)

Fuel blend 1
P1 = 10 MPa
L1 = 5mm (5-10 deg ATDC)
P2 = 1 MPa
L2 = 20mm (60 deg ATDC)

M1 = 10*5 = 50
M2 = 1*20 = 20
.
Fuel blend 2
P1 = 8 MPa
L1 = 5mm (5-10 deg ATDC)
P2 = 2 MPa
L2 = 20mm (60 deg ATDC)

M1 = 8*5 = 40
M2 = 2*20 = 40

The resulting power output will be an integral of crank moment over time. If the pressure on the piston varies as in the picture at a certain rpm, the area below the curve could represent the work. (A1 and A2)
Note that A1 could be equal to A2 !
A high pressure peak for a short time might produce less work than a low peak for a long time at a certain rpm. This means that a low rpm engine will produce less power with the fast burning fuel and visa versa. The engine stress and detonation risk would also increase with the higher peak.

The different heat release properties will suite different engine characteristics and should be orchestred with the actual exhaust port height, which decides the opening pressure, i.e. the charge pressure to the exhaust pipe !

Fuel blend 1 will produce a lower pipe charge pressure than fuel blend 2 with the same exhaust port. This could mean that the first choice is less sensitive to exhaust pipe changes and more sensitive to cylinder head geometry at a certain rpm.

2. Cylinder Head
The two heat release curves from above could also represent 2 different types of cylinder head geometries with the same fuel. The first curve could use a high efficient squish band, which speeds up the combustion by adding more kinetic (velocity dependent) energy to the gas mixture. That will also transfer more heat into the head wall surface, which will be a measured as a power loss in the end through the cooling system. Why?
If you move your hand quickly in warm water or blow on your skin in a hot sauna you will feel that the skin get warmer due to heat transfer from velocity. In the Bimotion Advanced Head program, this factor is called the Area/Volume factor. If a geometry change would give a higher factor with the same squish velocity, then we could expect more heat loss due to the increased area. The actual value don't need to be focused, but the changes to different head shapes are interesting to observe, especially if cooling is a critical factor in the original configuration.
With high performance engines kinetic energy is needed and with short compression times (due to high rpm and short connecting rods) the heat transfer will not necessarily be too high to the cooling system. (Adiabatic compression). A head designed to a high tuning degree will work best with a high speed engine, and a moderate tuned engine will feel a great improvement with a moderate tuned head instead of an head without a tuned squish band at all. As you probably already noticed, the head geometry will be somewhat dependent on the fuel type for a critical tuned GP engine and needs a lot of testing.
.The mechanism of a squish band is to push the gas as close to the spark as possible at the ignition phase. During the squish, the gas will also increase the vaporizing of the fuel and add kinetic energy which increases burn efficiency. This is one of the reasons why the ignition timing needs to be reduced with higher crank speed in a 2-stroke engine. The charging from the exhaust pipe is another.
Usually, squish velocities of 25-50 m/s are the upper limit dependent on design, materials, cooling, fuel, etc. Too high squish velocity will transfer too much heat from the gas to the surrounding metal and will make the gas self detonate due to the energy increase. The fuel usually burn with this mentioned speed and it will serve as a good limit for the squish velocity. Detonation is an explosive behavior with reaction velocities in the region of 6000 m/s. A bad designed squish band will cause such detonations which will destroy the surrounding metal and sometimes hammer the piston, making it plastic deformed over a big area and size due to the expansion.

When the gas at the squish band is moving into the center, it will have to increase its velocity due to the fact that the area is decreasing. The red length is shorter than the blue length in the picture and the gas must pass these gates.

To optimize the squish behavior we need to have a constant squish velocity over the squish band. This is achieved by tapering the squish band height with the corresponding area ratio, so that A is the Squish Gap and B is the reduced height found as Y(C4) in the coordinate table of the program. This height reduction also reduces the inefficient burned volume. The blue line shows the mathematical correct squish band shape. We can see that a strait line will approximate the shape perfect over the squish band width.
The squish taper angle is not constant, it increases with increased squish gap A. The taper angle is tangent with the piston edge at B.

The Head geometry gets more important with high squish velocities, the surrounding surface needs to be protected from the heat transfer. This can be achieved by different thermal barriers (surface treatment) and with the gas itself. The secret key is to avoid the hot gas to transfer heat. This is why we like sharp inside corners from multistage heads. The two pictures below shows the difference.
In the upper right picture there is no barrier to the head surface, more heat transfer to expect due to high gas velocity next to the head surface.
In the picture below right , the small gas pocket above the red line forms a natural barrier to heat transfer with low gas velocity next to the surface.

The same principal can be used to minimize heat transfer at the squish band. The Yamaha TZ-head (right picture) uses both these ideas. The edges are marked.
The final conclusion from this discussion is that the squish band at all times will leak heat and transform useful piston work to kinetic gas energy, a power loss source we need to get as much out of the fuel as possible at combustion. If the squish band gets over dimensioned then there will be more energy loss but no improved combustion.

3. Exhaust port opening
Many people talk about a port area as a target value and indirect refers to a header area with an area factor for the port. That approach is a completely waist since port area don't give any information about port shape. Time area is still the standard unit for 2-stroke ports since at least 1971. An area change far up on the port will give a completely different change than on the bottom of the port. It would also affect the pipe different. The time area distribution is simply different over the port height because the port is open different periods of time during the stroke.
In the "Bimotion Advanced Port & Pipe" program we can see this distribution in a chart. (Se pictures below.) We should then be more careful with the machining precision as the curve height increases since that part of the port is open for a longer time.

A square port gives an increasing time area distribution with port height.

The distribution curve will also show the effect of auxiliary exhaust ports which adds blowdown time area.
We need a certain blowdown timearea to equalize the cylinder pressure to the crank case when the transfer ports opens. If this not works, we get blow back to the crank case and that will drop the power rapidly.

Auxiliary exhaust ports adds time area which can be seen in the distribution chart.

The same port but without auxiliary ports.

Now, the blowdown timearea is not just a figure to match, it is dependent on how strong pulses the pipe deliver. If the pipes tuning degree is high (strong pulses), then we get away with less blowdown time area !
And the transfer ports don't need so much time for scavenging since the pipe suction wave is strong, pulling out the gas from the crank case. We could then have wide and low transfer ports. With low ports we can go for higher rpm without getting blow back into the transfers.
Why do we need to take all this in consideration for the exhaust port design? The answer is that it is not only a time area target value, the whole system needs to be investigated since there is an interaction, a balance between pressures as the pipe is affecting even the reed valve and the carburator at BDC!!!
The normal procedure for race engine design would be to keep the exhaust port as low and wide as possible and to match the blowdown target (depending on pipe). The exhaust blowdown target is a statistical value for the tuning degree decided by the bmep target (braked mean efficient pressure). The port duration should not exceed the recommended value.

4. Expansion chamber
When the exhaust port shape is decided from time area targets etc. we can dimension the exhaust pipe header diameter. This is critical to the pipes blowdown efficiency and the pressure build up. We need to pressurize the pipe with a strong and not too short pulse and the length will interact with the pulse resistance to create the necessary pulse shape. This means that it is not always better to use a diverging header (L1), sometimes a diverging header may result in that the cylinder exhaust evacuation is too rapid and causes the pipe to 'loose the breath' during the stroke. It will gain power at high rpm but lose in the lower range, mostly okay for race engines though. The phenomena needs to be viewed in a simulator to be fully understood.
To simplify some we say that the first diffusor (L2) acts in the lower rpm range and the last diffusor (L4) in the upper range. The rear baffle (L6,L7) angle decides the top end rpm range and power 'hit'. Steeper angles will increase the pulse strength and decrease the pulse length, i.e. shorten the rpm range at which the usable power is produced. The internal length between the diffusors will also decide the power production characteristics, so if the first diffusor is relative long then it will gain power in the lower rpm range etc. A pipe that is pressurized with an early opened port (long duration) will be able to retain the pressure through the steep angles and deliver a strong suction pulse back at BDC. With strong pulses engaged we don't need too large/high transfer ports. The pipe will then help and pull out the gas from the crankcase, even manage to open the reed valve and pull more air through the engine. When the transfer ports are closed, a second returning wave in the pipe pushes back the fresh gas that was spilled out into the header, in the remaining blowdown window that is. The charging pressure is often in the region of two atmospheres (bar) and far over that.
This is why the pressurization of the pipe needs to be well investigated together with the exhaust port, we simply cannot fit any pipe to an engine. It have to fit the exhaust port and even the transfer ports too!!
Finally, the stinger need to be large enough to let the engine breathe. A small stinger diameter (and long stingers) will increase the internal pressure and power but also make the engine run hotter. The length becomes critical to pulse resonance over about 9000 rpm. At that point the plunging effect at the stinger end will interact with the pipes internal pressure and help to lower the evacuating pressure at piston BDC. However, for high rpm engines, the stinger in general needs to be smaller than on low rpm engines. High frequency pulses have shorter wave length and will fit a smaller pipe better. But since the high rpm engine also needs to breathe more this can often even out.

Getting the Perfect Motorcycle

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 15:20:00 -0700

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If you are thinking of purchasing a motorcycle then be prepared to feast your eyes on a variety of models out there. A motorcycle holds a special place in the heart of every rider and purchasing one needs careful consideration. In the past, there were one or two manufacturers who would bring out a few models in the market. The customer didn’t have much of a choice. However, those days are long gone and now you don’t have to worry about choice when it comes to a motorcycle. York has a number of good dealers that have some of the best two-wheelers in the country.

If you are out to buy a motorcycle then having an experienced rider with you is a great idea. He/she will be able to guide you along the buying process. Finding the right dealer is quite a challenging task and you need to put some time aside for it. Searching online for a reputable company is a good way to go. Make sure you find a dealer that has a large inventory for you to choose from. For example, a dealer that has two-wheelers of leading manufacturers such as Yamaha, Suzuki and Honda will offer a vast array of motorcycles to its prospective customers.

The Yamaha Super Ténéré is a superb choice with its 1199cc engine! For the adventure freak out there this bike is exactly what you need. Its tubeless tires are perfect for any terrain and reduce the risk of punctures. Its Antilock Braking System and Unified Braking system helps the rider to have total control over his/her motorcycle.

The Suzuki Hayabusa needs no introduction. A favorite of many hardcore ridersFree Reprint Articles, this motorcycle has specifications that can put any other bike to shame. It has a killer 1340cc engine and comes equipped with the Suzuki Drive Mode Selector which allows riders to choose between three different engine settings!

The 2012 Honda Gold Wing is up there with the big boys in the field of touring motorcycles. Its 1832cc liquid cooled fuel injected engine gives a lot of usable power to the rider. Its Tire Pressure Monitoring System allows you to check the pressure in your tires before you head out on your journey.

There are many more options when you’re in the market for a motorcycle. York bike owners trust only the best when it comes to purchasing motorcycle York and so should you.

Source: Free Articles from ArticlesFactory.com

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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If you want to buy a motorcycle, York has Action Motorsports. They have many models from which you can choose motorcycle York.

Tips for Selecting Good Motorcycle Race Tires

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 08:16:00 -0700

Motorcycle racing is a sport that has been around for centuries. This sport is enjoyed by experts and amateurs alike. There are several distinct kinds of motorcycle racing that are conducted and along with the sorts of racing there are a number of unique track sorts that are utilised as well. The varieties of racing that are the most well-known incorporate: Speedway racing, motorcycle trials, drag racing with motorcycles, motocross, ice racing and hill climbs.

Each and every different type of motorcycle race will demand a specific type of tire. As imagined all tires for any kind of motorcycle racing will need to have to have extreme traction. Most tires are created with extra grips on the surface. When racing a motorcycle it will grow to be essential to change the tires, just as you would if racing a car. This of course depends on the sort and length of the race you are involved in.

If purchasing a track day bike it will come stock with a super high quality race tire. This type of tire has been described as a racing tire that has been built for use on the street. DOT race tires will provide the rider the most grip of any tire and are created specially for motorcycle racing. These tires have a extremely brief tread life as they are not developed for riding for long periods of time. An off-road tire is knobby so it can dig into the dirt, mud, sand, or gravel.

There are no two tires that are created the identical. This is simply because there is a certain science behind the design of each and every motorcycle tire. These tires are all created for a certain style of riding. When racing motorcycles you will have to have to comprehend specifically what kinds of tires will give you the greatest feasible traction for the track that you are racing on.

Motorcycle racing is a science as nicely as a sport. As with most sports there is a lot of behind the scenes preparation that is involved in getting ready for an event. Motorcycle racers recognize that in order to have the finest race possible they will want to invest time and effort in finding their bikes ready. The tires that are chosen are possibly 1 of the most essential aspects of the bike. Without the correct tire, turns will be harder and the track will be more hard to navigate. Of course the engine and other essentials are required as properly, but beginning with a good tire will help you win races.

Visit Motorcycle Tires Superstore for outstanding motorcycle gear, tires, and protective wear. The Komodo staff is an awesome source of information for analysis and buying products particular to your wants, Komodo has helped me obtain excellent items for my bike activity, and I am far from a racer!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6293727

What Makes Ducati Motorbikes So Desirable?

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 08:11:00 -0700

Some people ask what makes Ducati motorbikes so desirable. If you don't know anything about motorbikes than you're unaware that Ducati has been around since 1926. They're an Italian company with about 1,200 employees and they really know what they're making. Therefore they have had plenty of time to get their names out. They have become extremely popular every year since then. One reason this motorcycle manufacturer is so desirable is because it's all they make. They specialize in motorbikes and motorbikes only (besides accessories and merchandise). They're also not your average motorcycles, as these are high-performance. Riding one of these bikes gives a similar feeling children get on Christmas day. There are four key reasons these bikes are just so desirable. Well five, one being the Italian's passion, but we won't really be getting into that here.

The four key reasons of desire are easy to point out.

1. Speed:

Simply by looking at a "Duc" many people would guess they're fast. There's no denying that there's thrill-takers out there. Many of these people want the fastest car or motorcycle on the planet. That's just about what you're going to get with a Ducati. The truth is unless you're stunt devil on a closed course, you will never reach the full speed of a newer Ducati on the street (hopefully). These bikes will smoke anything on four wheels out of the water. It's been said that the Ducati 1098 has a zero to sixty miles per hour time of under three seconds! Let's also make a key-point that they have air-cooled engines to cool them down.

2. Style / Design:

These bikes are extremely unique because they are designed and not "decorated". I believe they are the most stylish bikes you can buy. They bring the high-performance engine to life in the design of the bike as well. These bikes can last a life-time and more from the inside and out. Like Ducati says themselves, "Engineered by the stopwatch. Designed by the race track"

3. Proven Racing Success:

Ducati has a long history with racing, they like to win and have MANY titles to back them up. Let's start with a title in 2007 at the MotoGP World Championship. How about thirteen coveted titles at the Superbike World Championship (SBK) ranging from 1990-2008. Four of those were won riding on a Ducati 916. That's not all ladies & gentlemen, eight titles at the British Superbike Championship, and two at the AMA Superbike Championship! These bikes obviously can race and the track results are there to prove it.

4. Enthusiasts groups:

A very smart thing Ducati has focused on since the 1990's is marketing. They have put together many things in connecting with branding efforts. This would include online communities and local enthusiast groups across the world which offer exclusive Ducati insurance. Here are some numbers based on groups: 400 Ducati clubs worldwide, 20,000 registered users of the Ducati Owners Club web site and 17,000 subscribers to the racing web site. People have their eyes on upcoming models and many purchase them on release day. If you haven't gotten the chance to see one in action let alone ride one, it's highly recommended!

Choosing the right bike for you can be difficult. Ducati bikes are not only fast and sporty, but also have dedicated enthusiast groups that offer discounted Ducati Insurance. Be sure to try out a Ducati bike before you make your decision.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6295571

Scooter: 4 Stroke Vs 2 Stroke

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 08:04:00 -0700

The price of crude oil is near an all time high, and as a result prices of everything are up. Most obviously in many of our daily lives is the price of gasoline. As a result, many people are looking for alternative options for making the morning commute easier and cheaper. For some people that means carpooling, telecommuting, or mass transit. Another great option for commuters is gas scooters.

The problem is that for many people, it is their first time on a motorized set of two wheels. One of the many questions asked is which is better, a 2 stroke or 4 stroke scooter?

Each of the types of scooters has their positives and negatives.

4 stroke Scooters

Speed

Four stroke engines are heavier and will make the scooter heavier. They tend to be slower at accelerating, partially due to their added weight. 4 stroke scooters may be heavier and have slower acceleration, but they tend to have overall more power and often can attain higher speeds.

Regular gas

With 4 Stroke Scooters, you pull up to the gas pump like everyone else and pump straight into the gas tank. There is no need to mix anything in with the gas.

Environmentally friendly

Scooters get great gas mileage, and are obviously better for the environment than driving around a big gas guzzling SUV when it is only you in the vehicle. Four stroke engines are cleaner and pollute less than their two stroke counterparts.

Easy on your ears

Four stroke engines are much quieter than two stroke engines because they are able to operate and sustain suitable power lower in the RPM range than two stroke engines.

2 stroke Scooters

Weight

Two stroke engines are lighter, and thus it makes the scooter lighter. The lighter weight of the scooter helps give quicker acceleration and this will help to get your scooter up to speed quicker after stopping at traffic lights.

EPA restrictions With increasing concerns about greenhouse gasses and pollution, the EPA has put stricter guidelines on engines which have hurt 2 stroke engines especially bad. Even though 2 stroke scooters still have great gas mileage, they pollute more than the government would like. As a result, more and more scooter manufacturers are switching over to 4 stroke models. Because of more restrictions, and fewer new 2 stroke models you may have to look for older models if you decide a two stroke scooter is right for you.

Mixed Gas

An inconvenient problem with two stroke engines in scooters is that you need to mixed the gas with an oil additive. You can't just pull up to the gas station and pump your gas. You will have to add a specific ratio of the additive for your scooter to perform correctly.

Noise Pollution

Two stroke scooters tend to operate at higher RPM's and therefore are considerably louder than other scooters. It may not be a problem to start with, but on longer rides you may get annoyed. However, many bikers live by the idea of "loud pipes save lives." So this can be in the benefit column or negative depending on how you look at the situation.

These are just a few of the things that you should consider when deciding on the right kind of scooter for you. Be careful and have fun riding!

I am a freelance writer, and scooter enthusiast. I hope to get more info about scooter riding and scooter insurance out to as many people as possible.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Pete_J._Williams

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6302955

Check Out the Assessment of the Performance Silencer Spyder Exhaust From Hindle

wahyu.reznorz@gmail.com (wahyu) — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 08:00:00 -0700

Whenever we report on motorbike components, gadgets, and clothing we look at a lots of Spyder exhausts each and every day, and many offerings out there are pretty bad. Even if they are fairly nice, they often end up lacking something that we end up wishing the manufacturers would have incorporated. Having said that, we can easily say that we like the Performance Silencer from Hindle given that it offers all the critical elements.

While you are out riding, having the correct Spyder parts, accessories, and clothes is critical to ensure that you make the most out of your ride. Getting the Performance Muffler will be a good choice because the Hindle exhaust system combines sporty looks with great sound.

If you don't get the right Spyder exhaust you will regret it. You shouldn't be wondering if the exhaust is the correct one while you are riding your Spyder. Happily the Performance Silencer won't leave you asking yourself if you purchased the proper one because it's 40% lighter than the stock pipe.

With the Performance Silencer you will find that it's ceramic-coated. Look around at all the alternative Spyder exhausts in the market and you will realise why we believe this is often a major factor and therefore why we regard the Performance Silencer so strongly.

OK, all of the above points are appealing, but how else does the Performance Silencer help to make itself it worth buying? Continue reading for more information!

We definitely like the Performance Silencer because it offers an additional 4 HP with the stock ECU file. This is not simply a minor factor if you're searching for a exhaust, it's a critical factor and Hindle makes sure that it's there.

You will enjoy the fact that you'll find that it looks great on your Can-Am Spyder. It's just another reason why the Performance Silencer is a wonderful Spyder exhaust.

So the following is the complete rundown on the Performance Silencer: Hindle exhaust system combines sporty looks with great sound. It's 40% lighter than the stock pipe. It's ceramic-coated for durability and appearance. It provides an additional 4 horse power with the bike's stock ECU file.

Buying a Spyder exhaust doesn't have to be a total annoyance. With any luck the above review really helped clean out some of the confusion and gives a much better idea of why the Performance Silencer is the best option.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6318805