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Corrientes" /><category term="osteoporosis" /><category term="inmunizacion" /><category term="Sony" /><category term="medicina personalizada" /><category term="Influenza-like illness" /><category term="Oseltamvir" /><category term="PCR" /><category term="mortalidad perinatal" /><category term="opiniones" /><category term="FeedBlitz" /><category term="John Lennon" /><category term="fibrilaciorn auricular" /><category term="AstraZeneca" /><category term="seguridad social" /><category term="New York Times" /><category term="Hospital" /><category term="Japan" /><category term="valor predictivo positivo" /><category term="Pain management" /><category term="Open Access" /><category term="Anal cancer" /><category term="nice" /><category term="medwatch" /><category term="Jornada" /><category term="traqueostomia" /><category term="Disaster Relief and Recovery" /><category term="ministerio de salud" /><category term="zeitgeist" /><category term="consumaciencia" /><category term="leche" 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/><category term="placebo" /><category term="bata blanca" /><category term="Dialectical behavior therapy" /><category term="Public health" /><category term="gastritis cronica" /><category term="Sidney Wolfe" /><category term="informacion medica" /><category term="Symptom" /><category term="clinical studies" /><category term="Relemed" /><category term="blog" /><category term="herramientas" /><category term="enfermedades cronicas" /><category term="caterizacion" /><category term="Alfredo Zurita" /><category term="Hong-Kong" /><category term="asociacion" /><category term="salud comunitaria" /><category term="error medico" /><category term="Automated external defibrillator" /><category term="Public  Citizen" /><category term="Health care" /><category term="Data" /><category term="articulos de interes" /><category term="tiotropio" /><category term="Paisa" /><category term="Paul Slovic" /><category term="conflict of interest" /><category term="religion" /><category term="god" /><category term="Climate change" /><category term="Nicotine patch" /><category term="contraception" /><category term="Legal Framework" /><category term="Leon Gieco" /><category term="factor de necrosis tumoral" /><category term="leucoencefalopatia" /><category term="Juan Gérvas" /><title>Medicina General y Familiar</title><subtitle type="html" /><link rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/" /><link rel="next" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false&amp;v=2" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><generator version="7.00" uri="http://www.blogger.com">Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>842</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/cRSlP" /><feedburner:info uri="blogspot/crslp" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUAEQXc6eSp7ImA9WhRUFkU.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-6877769539557893790</id><published>2012-01-27T15:08:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T15:08:20.911-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-27T15:08:20.911-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="america latina" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="South America" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="software" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="investigacion clinica" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Argentina" /><title>Investigacion y ciencia en America Latina</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USLA_logo2009.png" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="English: New USLA (Usuarios Software Libre Arg..." height="130" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/USLA_logo2009.png" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="206" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 206px;"&gt;Image via &lt;a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USLA_logo2009.png"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Via: Salud Loreto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Investigar en America Latina, parece ser uno de los mayores problemas existentes. Pese a que &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-34.6,-58.3833333333&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=-34.6,-58.3833333333%20%28Argentina%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Argentina"&gt;Argentina&lt;/a&gt; ha repatriado investigadores, muchos de ellos no cobran en tiempo y forma. Nuestro desarrollo tecnologico se basa en leyes, como la ley del &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_software" rel="wikipedia" title="Computer software"&gt;software&lt;/a&gt;, defienden el copyright, y nuestros programadores se han transformados casi en lideres mundiales en software .......pero de juegos informaticos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Incluso gran parte de nuestros ordenadores, se fabrican en Tierra del fuego, mas como ensamblaje que como diseños originales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Aun asi, muchas provincias, y aun el estado Argentino, ha repartido netbooks entre estudiantes, desafortunadamente la mayoria del mismo con software propietario (lease guindos).......pero en muchos lugares olvidaron instalar el wi fi necesario para acceder a la web, como las escuelas del Gobierno de la&amp;nbsp; Ciudad de Buenos Aires. E incluso gran cantidad de papers escritos por investigadores argentinos, se han hecho, al menos en el campo farmaceutico, con grants otorgados bajo escaso presupuesto. Solo como ejemplo, la evaluacion de una tecnologia, es pagada con 2 tratamientos mensuales, cuando de tecnologias emergentes hablamos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;La propia atencion primaria aparece carente de investigaciones, ya que la mayoria de las universidades no financian las mismas, y por ende solo sectores privados pueden financiarlas, lo que da lugar a graves conflictos de intereses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;En esto no estamos solos, esto sucede en toda America Latina, y a mal de muchos consuelo de tontos, les muestro un interesante video que habla sobre la investigacion en Peru&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0pt 0pt;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2012/01/26/new-book-proposes-open-internet-policies-for-latin-america/"&gt;New book proposes open Internet policies for Latin America&lt;/a&gt; (advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org)&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div class="white-article" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C4_g8TRC9Jw/Tg8zCmjEwTI/AAAAAAAAB3A/GLYDMG_0680/s1600/pbe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C4_g8TRC9Jw/Tg8zCmjEwTI/AAAAAAAAB3A/GLYDMG_0680/s1600/pbe.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajano_Boccalini" rel="wikipedia" title="Trajano Boccalini"&gt;Boccalini&lt;/a&gt; S, Azzari C, Resti M, Valleriani C, Cortimiglia M, Tiscione E&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;. Economic and clinical evaluation of a catch-up dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine" rel="wikipedia" title="Vaccine"&gt;vaccine&lt;/a&gt; in children already immunized with three doses of the 7-valent vaccine in &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=41.9,12.4833333333&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=41.9,12.4833333333%20(Italy)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Italy"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22008820" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Vaccine.2011;28;29:9521-8&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="d.o.i.: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.013." target="_blank"&gt;D.O.I.: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.013.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Revisores:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ochoa Sangrador C&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Andrés de Llano JM&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Virgen de la Concha. Zamora (España).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General del Río Carrión. Palencia (España).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Correspondencia&lt;/em&gt;: Carlos Ochoa Sangrador. Correo electrónico:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="mailto:cochoas@meditex.es" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;cochoas@meditex.es&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Palabras clave:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzggIWbI3Ru0NhicHRDsk8GNpaS_F7DOFgp9APlsJk638CYxS8kmWDZ" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;vacunas neumocócicas&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzO8Y7sicdkb3a8a3tpH_4p1V_xzJkGVB2DLfJZdMe9Wo16nrdmOax2PIv6_gwz6Xc" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;neumonía&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzr5UdlMRKMlpAsT36fOtvlAM0F2GSmWrtAYPwlgUPfvu6zxR5JqINg" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;neumococo&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmxOIxPAqD9LkuwROxhqr752YeOWnn9Ht5HUBoNYe8ouCiEFopKwjt_ZFKX4K10DoM8" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;mortalidad&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmwqgLZMp_lQ7iTZRpakRQzkP0wOIs9ppH9GxIc7GS0aN57Lm_tlRdd-fomTbd9uEAg" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;infecciones neumocócicas&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzNZSjd03Tj-QracGhFlzVBVEiekK9uhsK2oQ8ee9VVsIYfUOozNmW1i6vxFfz5_2o" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;hospitalización&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzUrHpaW-s18yKghqKKYCyvsBn_BhlvwtVWSN2Cv0UOh9y20Zvz02IWKMH-SbuEiJg" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;análisis coste-beneficio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzggIWbI3Ru0NhicHRDsk8GNpaS_F7DOFgp9APlsJk638CYxS8kmWDZ" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;pneumococcal vaccines&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzO8Y7sicdkb3a8a3tpH_4p1V_xzJkGVB2DLfJZdMe9Wo16nrdmOax2PIv6_gwz6Xc" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;pneumonia&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzr5UdlMRKMlpAsT36fOtvlAM0F2GSmWrtAYPwlgUPfvu6zxR5JqINg" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;pneumococcus&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmxOIxPAqD9LkuwROxhqr752YeOWnn9Ht5HUBoNYe8ouCiEFopKwjt_ZFKX4K10DoM8" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;mortality&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmwqgLZMp_lQ7iTZRpakRQzkP0wOIs9ppH9GxIc7GS0aN57Lm_tlRdd-fomTbd9uEAg" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;pneumococcal infections&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzNZSjd03Tj-QracGhFlzVBVEiekK9uhsK2oQ8ee9VVsIYfUOozNmW1i6vxFfz5_2o" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;hospitalization&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmzUrHpaW-s18yKghqKKYCyvsBn_BhlvwtVWSN2Cv0UOh9y20Zvz02IWKMH-SbuEiJg" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;cost-benefit analysis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Fecha de recepción:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="lowercase" style="text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;23/01/2012&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Fecha de aceptación:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="lowercase" style="text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;24/01/2012&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Fecha de publicación:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="lowercase" style="text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;26/01/2012&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="contentsarticle" style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -15px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Resumen Estructurado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objetivo:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;realizar una evaluación clínica y económica de la administración de una dosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;adicional de puesta al día de la vacuna 13-valente en niños de hasta cinco años.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diseño:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;análisis de coste-efectividad y coste-utilidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emplazamiento:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;el entorno del estudio fue tanto hospitalario como en Atención Primaria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Población de estudio:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;población residente en la provincia de , a 1 de enero de 2010, agrupada por tramos de edad, previamente inmunizada con vacuna 7-valente. Se utilizaron registros del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y registros de un hospital pediátrico de Florencia. Las tasas de hospitalización, costes y mortalidad fueron extraídas de estudios italianos. Los parámetros clínicos y epidemiológicos usados en el modelo principal incluían la eficacia de la vacuna frente a hospitalización por meningitis/sepsis, neumonías hospitalarias y ambulatorias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intervención:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se evaluaron cuatro posibles estrategias para ponerse al día con la vacuna 13-valente (menores de 24, 36, 48 y 60 meses). Se utilizó un modelo matemático de simulación ya desarrollado para estimar el impacto de la transición de los programas de inmunización.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Medición del resultado:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se estimó el impacto en un periodo de 5,5 años tras la inmunización, considerando como resultados de infección por&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;S. pneumoniae:&lt;/em&gt;hospitalización por meningitis/sepsis, neumonías bacteriémicas hospitalizadas (complicadas y no complicadas), neumonías no bacteriémicas ingresadas y neumonías ambulatorias. Se asumió la eficacia de ensayos clínicos con vacuna 7-valente (94% para meningitis neumocócica, 87,5% para neumonías hospitalizadas y 20,5% para neumonías ambulatorias). Se calculó el número de casos evitados por tipo de enfermedad neumocócica, el número de muertes evitadas y años de vida ganados, los costes para el tratamiento de la casos prevenidos, el coste de la vacunación, el coste promedio por caso evitado y el coste por año de vida ganado. El análisis no tuvo en cuenta los costes directos no médicos ni los indirectos asociados a la pérdida de productividad. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para coberturas de vacunación, coste de la vacuna, incidencia de las enfermedades neumocócicas, tasas de letalidad y cobertura de serotipos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resultados principales:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;las muertes evitadas con el rescate hasta los 24 meses de edad serían 2,5 por 100 000 niños, que ascenderían, con la ampliación hasta los 60 meses de edad, a 6,6 por 100 000. Los años de vida ganados en este programa hasta los 24, 36, 48 y 60 meses de edad serían 191, 322, 423 y 483 por cada 100 000 niños. El coste medio por caso evitado hasta los 24 meses de edad fue 1674 euros, aumentando a 2522 euros al ampliar hasta los 60 meses. El coste por año de vida ganado fue de 12 250 euros para los niños hasta 24 meses de edad y de 22 093 euros para los niños hasta 60 meses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusión:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;vacunar a los niños de hasta 24 meses de edad con un programa de rescate con vacuna neumocócica 13-valente está justificado desde el punto de vista económico. Extenderlo a menores de 60 meses de edad, también está justificado tanto desde el punto de vista económico como clínico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conflicto de intereses:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;los autores declaran la ayuda del laboratorio Pfizer Italia S.r.l.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fuente de financiación:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;El trabajo ha sido financiado por Pfizer Italia S.r.l.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Comentario Crítico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Justificación:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;la generalización de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada en la primera infancia ha permitido reducir el riesgo de infección neumocócica grave. Existe suficiente evidencia sobre la eficacia de la vacuna 7-valente para prevenir infecciones graves, fundamentalmente sepsis y meningitis, aunque la efectividad a medio-largo plazo podría verse reducida por cambios espontáneos o inducidos en el perfil de serotipos. La disponibilidad de nuevas vacunas con mayor cobertura de serotipos ofrece una oportunidad para mejorar la prevención. Para plantear la conveniencia de realizar una campaña de rescate con estas vacunas en población previamente vacunada interesa establecer su coste-efectividad y su coste-utilidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Validez o rigor científico:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;el planteamiento del estudio está bien formulado en cuanto a la intervención evaluada, las medidas de resultado consideradas (coste por episodio evitado, coste por año de vida ganado) y la perspectiva (sistema sanitario). Las estimaciones de costes no se detallan, aunque se refieren a trabajos del mismo entorno que se citan. Sin embargo, las estimaciones de efectividad no están correctamente justificadas. Se ha asumido la eficacia observada en ensayos clínicos de la vacuna 7-valente en población menor de dos años&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmUz0gz7cL4FACEsqAKc7RA3IDIht1lKDE8YGr_17B0blXsgobZ7HBfm1TOyWWGbMfA#Bibliografía" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, para un programa de rescate, del que solo se disponen estudios de inmunogenicidad y seguridad, sin justificarse la aplicabilidad de las cifras de efectividad elegidas. Por ejemplo, no se ha valorado la menor eficacia a partir del primer año de vida o las diferencias de eficacia según serotipos&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmUz0gz7cL4FACEsqAKc7RA3IDIht1lKDE8YGr_17B0blXsgobZ7HBfm1TOyWWGbMfA#Bibliografía" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Esta asunción puede resultar especialmente crítica en cuanto a la eficacia asumida para neumonías ambulatorias (que influirá en el coste por episodio evitado) y para la reducción de mortalidad (no detallada y que influirá en el coste por año de vida ganado). Se ha realizado un ajuste temporal y un análisis de sensibilidad, en el que se explora el efecto de variaciones en varias asunciones del modelo, pero no en las de efectividad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importancia clínica:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se ha estimado que una campaña de rescate con vacuna antineumocócica 13-valente en niños menores de 60 meses previamente inmunizados frente a siete serotipos permitiría evitar un episodio de infección neumocócica a un coste de 2522 euros. Para juzgar la importancia clínica de esta estimación debería haberse especificado el coste para evitar episodios graves (sepsis/meningitis y neumonías bacteriémicas), presumiblemente mayor. En cuanto al coste por año de vida ganado (22 093 euros), si aceptamos las asunciones de eficacia planteadas en el estudio, estaría bajo el umbral de los 30 000 euros (aceptado para otras intervenciones). No obstante, creemos que las asunciones realizas en cuanto a la reducción de la mortalidad de la campaña de rescate (no demostrada) podrían verse comprometidas por variaciones en la efectividad o cambios en el perfil epidemiológico de serotipos. Un estudio referido a Estados Unidos, que consideraba la prevención de otitis (no contemplada en este estudio) ha estimado un coste de la campaña hasta 60 meses por año de vida ajustado por calidad de 73 564 dólares (solo resultaban rentables las estimaciones en las que se asumía la existencia de protección indirecta sobre población no vacunada)&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmUz0gz7cL4FACEsqAKc7RA3IDIht1lKDE8YGr_17B0blXsgobZ7HBfm1TOyWWGbMfA#Bibliografía" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;las estimaciones aquí referidas al sistema sanitario italiano podrían ser adaptables a nuestro entorno, ajustándolas con datos epidemiológicos propios. Si las estimaciones fueran similares en nuestro entorno parece lógico plantearse la oportunidad de realizar una campaña de rescate, aunque, a falta de estudios de eficacia (no previsibles), deberá supeditarse a su competencia con la financiación de otras intervenciones en función de su coste-utilidad. En este sentido, interesaría saber, mediante la realización de nuevos estudios, si variaciones en las asunciones de eficacia de la intervención o en el perfil de serotipos podrían comprometer su utilidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conflicto de intereses de los autores del comentario:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;no existe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;amp;postID=2630594871428971054&amp;amp;from=pencil" name="Bibliografía" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Cómo citar este artículo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://tinyurl.com/7ap8ewk" target="_blank"&gt;Ochoa Sangrador C, Andrés de Llano JM. ¿Es coste-efectiva la vacunación de rescate frente a 13 serotipos de neumococo? Evid Pediatr. 2012;8:10.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Bibliografía&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B, Lewis E, Ray P, Hansen JR&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Group.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10749457" style="cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:187-95&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Black SB, Shinefield HR, Ling S, Hansen J, Fireman B, Spring D&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Effectiveness of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children younger than five years of age for prevention of pneumonia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12352800" style="cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:810-5&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Rubin JL, McGarry LJ, Strutton DR, Klugman KP, Pelton SI, Gilmore KE&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;. Public health and economic impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the United States.&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Rubin%20McGarry%2013-valent" style="cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Vaccine. 2010;28:7634-43&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/E-Ose1O2eCwaxI41jS83rTUsMUo/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/E-Ose1O2eCwaxI41jS83rTUsMUo/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/qXJ4objIeTg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/2630594871428971054/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=2630594871428971054" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/2630594871428971054?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/2630594871428971054?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/qXJ4objIeTg/economic-and-clinical-evaluation-of.html" title="Economic and clinical evaluation of a catch-up dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children already immunized with three doses of the 7-valent vaccine in Italy" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C4_g8TRC9Jw/Tg8zCmjEwTI/AAAAAAAAB3A/GLYDMG_0680/s72-c/pbe.jpg" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/economic-and-clinical-evaluation-of.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;A08BQ3o9fyp7ImA9WhRUFk8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-3978422700316894924</id><published>2012-01-26T23:04:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T23:04:12.467-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-26T23:04:12.467-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Francis Bacon" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="metablogs" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="informacion libre" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="internet" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Netvibes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="google" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Netflix" /><title>Metablogs..........readers</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crunchbase.com/company/netvibes" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Image representing Netvibes as depicted in Cru..." height="59" src="http://www.crunchbase.com/assets/images/resized/0000/2974/2974v8-max-450x450.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="223" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 223px;"&gt;Image via &lt;a href="http://www.crunchbase.com/"&gt;CrunchBase&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;El tiempo corre mas veloz que lo que quisieramos, no todo lo que esta disponible en la web es posible de leer, mucho tiempo atras, propusimos la creacion de un metablog, con los mejores posts que tuvieramos del habla hispana. Fue Rafael Cofiño quien a traves de google readers, armo algo asi como un meta-reader, un lugar donde desde herramientas como &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.feedly.com/" rel="homepage" title="feedly"&gt;Feedly&lt;/a&gt; podiamos leer mas facilmente todo lo que se publicaba en la web, tal cual se puede leer en excelentes &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.netvibes.com/" rel="homepage" title="Netvibes"&gt;Netvibes&lt;/a&gt;, que forman parte de los enlaces de este blog.&lt;br /&gt;
Quizàs, no todos, podian entender de que iba esto, sin duda el analfabetismo informatico dentro de los mèdicos es mayor al que podemos imaginar.&lt;br /&gt;
A quien le interesa el periodico de ayer si puede leer on line las noticias por google, que por cierto, con su doble standard, ha borrado todos los videos del &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.nejm.org/" rel="homepage" title="The New England Journal of Medicine"&gt;NEJM&lt;/a&gt; que habiamos subido, ya que no esta disponible para todos los paises. El copyright ya es historia, pero hoy tambien estamos escribiendo historia como ha sucedido en las redes sociales en el golpe de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=14.1,-87.2166666667&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=14.1,-87.2166666667%20(Honduras)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Honduras"&gt;Honduras&lt;/a&gt;, la mal llamada "primavera arabe", los indignados de España o los mismos Ocuppacy Wall Street, que los grandes medios de comunicaciòn se ocuparon de ocultar. El derecho a ver una pelicula en Series Yonkis, o bajar un libro porque simplemente esta disponible en la web. Pagamos nuestro derecho a estar en la web, y aun asi google suspendio el contenido del blog medicinafamiliar.info, el cual solo se puede ver parte de el. El panico ha invadido a los grandes servers, como tambien a aquellos que contrataban sus servicios a traves de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=33.617409,-111.90477&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=33.617409,-111.90477%20(Go%20Daddy)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Go Daddy"&gt;GoDaddy&lt;/a&gt;, Si quieren ver una pelicula, habra que pagar por ello a &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.netflix.com/" rel="homepage" title="Netflix"&gt;Netflix&lt;/a&gt; o quien sea. Pero en America Latina, eso no esta al alcance de la mayoria. Ni siquiera la suscripciòn a una revista mèdica. Acaso somos ladrones por simplemente intentar entrar en servidores para bajar un articulo mèdico gratuito ? Lo queremos para nosotros ? O lo queremos para poder ejercer nuestra ciencia de la mejor manera posible. Ya hace años, en otro de los tantos blogs que he migrado, mostrabamos las ventajas de la web 2.0, un futuro donde el copyright fuera cosa del pasado.&lt;br /&gt;
Pero no se trata solo del copyright, se trata de que hoy cualquier persona puede con &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://google.com/" rel="homepage" title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; Hearth, de pago, acceder a una simple foto de un top less de algun famoso en una playa. Se trata que nuestros propios telefonos tienen un &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" rel="wikipedia" title="Global Positioning System"&gt;GPS&lt;/a&gt;, tal que si lo perdemos, con nuestras tablets o notebooks podemos saber donde esta.&lt;br /&gt;
Ciertamente hay pro y contras. La ciencia y la tecnologia, nunca han sido neutrales. Tampoco lo somos nosotros. Pero intentamos llevar distintos puntos de vista, incluso aquellos en los que no estamos de acuerdo, a todo lugar que podamos.&lt;br /&gt;
Nuestro amigo Martin Zurro, hoy envio una invitacion en facebook a un ciber-apagon a fines de Marzo. Sin duda alli estaremos, como esperamos que ustedes tambien.&lt;br /&gt;
Un tal anonymous se ha convertido en la pesadilla de los gobiernos, lo que ayer veiamos como teorias conspirativas, se hicieron realidad con el cierre de Megaupload, un lugar donde guardaba mis archivos simplemente porque esta maquina esta sobrecargada de ellos. No importa que use windows o ubuntu. Soy un usuario normal, que intenta aprovechar todo aquello que la tecnologia nos ofrece, lo que se diria, un tomador rapido de tecnologias, muchas de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_pronouns" rel="wikipedia" title="Spanish pronouns"&gt;las cuales&lt;/a&gt; luego fracasan.&lt;br /&gt;
Los libros que se reparten, no son para uso propio, de hecho creo no haber leido ninguno de los que he publicado. Pero si son importantes para los muchos, que incluso en una Europa en crisis, hoy no pueden costear este material.&lt;br /&gt;
El conocimiento es poder, decia &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon" rel="wikipedia" title="Francis Bacon"&gt;Francis Bacon&lt;/a&gt;, un par de siglos atras, y si los datos generan conocimiento, el mismo no se regala, y solo tenemos las sobras de la informaciòn. No he leido en ninguna revista medica estos dias, un compromiso con la difusion del conocimiento. Ni siquiera una editorial, aunque si sobre la crisis financiera.&lt;br /&gt;
Promovemos y actuamos por una informaciòn libre para todos, somos trabajadores de la salud, aunque un gobierno no nos reconozca como trabajadores. Muchos tienen precarios empleos que los obligan a ir de un lado a otro. Simplemente para llegar a fin de mes. Y esto en una Argentina que supuestamnte no esta en crisis. Y aun en lo personal, resulta dificil saber cual sera mi futuro laboral en este año.&lt;br /&gt;
Quizas, lo unico certero, es que el imperio ha decidido controlar nuestra informacion, y de esta manera, poder tomar todo el petroleo que les falta, con el viejo argumento de las armas nucleares.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://techcrunch.com/2011/11/02/ex-google-reader-product-manager-posts-scathing-review-of-reader-redesign/"&gt;Ex-Google Reader Product Manager Posts Scathing Review Of Reader Redesign&lt;/a&gt; (techcrunch.com)&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div class="cab-entrada estirar" style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;h2 class="entry-header entry-title item" style="font: normal normal normal 33px/35px Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; letter-spacing: -1px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span class="fn url"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Fuente: El Pais (España)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class="entry-header entry-title item" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font: normal normal normal 33px/35px Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; letter-spacing: -1px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 11px;"&gt;Por:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 11px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong class="fn" rel="author" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 11px;"&gt;Esther Samper&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 11px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="date-header date-int updated" style="color: #3eb70c; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font: normal normal bold 11px/11px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 11px;" title="2012-01-26T14:19+02:00"&gt;|&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="day"&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="month"&gt;enero&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="year"&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="entry-content estirar" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div class="entry-body estirar" style="font: normal normal normal 14px/18px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 13px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.elpais.com/.a/6a00d8341bfb1653ef01630019a232970d-pi" style="color: #3eb70c; float: right; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Reportero" class="asset  asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfb1653ef01630019a232970d" src="http://blogs.elpais.com/.a/6a00d8341bfb1653ef01630019a232970d-320wi" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 530px;" title="Reportero" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Decía &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.perezreverte.com/" rel="homepage" title="Arturo Pérez-Reverte"&gt;Arturo Pérez-Reverte&lt;/a&gt; en uno de sus&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.perezreverte.com/libro/52/territorio-comanche/" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;míticos libros&lt;/a&gt;: "Para un reportero en una guerra, territorio comanche es el lugar donde el instinto dice que pares el coche y des media vuelta..." Los profesionales sanitarios también tienen sus territorios comanches particulares, donde el instinto les dice que es mejor no insistir y mirar para otro lado. Uno de ellos tiene nombre propio:&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Fármacos de nula o dudosa utilidad terapéutica&lt;/strong&gt;. No arriesgan sus vidas, pero sí (a veces) sus carreras y/o su reputación para mostrar al mundo lo que está ocurriendo, no el terreno de la muerte, sino en el de la vida, en el de la medicina.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 13px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Pero para comprender la realidad de una historia que tiene lugar en territorio comanche médico, comencemos por el principio. Existen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;múltiples enfermedades que pueden desgastar o dañar al cartílago&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;presente en nuestras articulaciones pero, con diferencia, la más frecuente es la&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrosis" style="color: #3eb70c; font-weight: normal; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;artrosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. El cartílago, rico en en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condroit%C3%ADn_sulfato" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;condroitín sulfato&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y en proteínas que contienen&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamina" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;glucosamina&lt;/a&gt;, actúa como un amortiguador entre los huesos y permite que los movimientos se realicen con suavidad y sin dolor. Cuando este cartílago se va desgastando, van apareciendo los dolores al movimiento y la inflamación, con una progresiva pérdida de la movilidad conforme más vaya avanzando esta enfermedad.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="" id="more" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="entry-more"&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;El gran inconveniente es que el cartílago que se pierde a lo largo de la vida ya no se recupera (porque es un tejido que prácticamente no tiene regeneración). Como además la pérdida de cartílago se asocia al envejecimiento, cada vez es un problema de mayor magnitud.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Ante este gran problema de salud pública a alguien se le ocurrió la siguiente idea:&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;"¿y si damos medicamentos que sean ricos en los componentes con los que está formado el cartílago para ver si así se protege o incluso se recupera?"&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Esta idea que es, hasta cierto punto, lógica, fue el origen de lo que antes se llamaban&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;condroprotectores&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;y hoy reciben el críptico nombre de&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;SYSADOA&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(que significa "fármacos sintomáticos de acción lenta para la artrosis"). En realidad, algunos de ellos no se tratan de fármacos en el sentido más estricto de la palabra sino de suplementos dietéticos (y así se venden en Estados Unidos y más países).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;La cuestión es que la comercialización de los SYSADOA indicados para la artrosis se asentó en una evidencia científica inicial muy débil y dudosa. Se sabían que eran muy seguros pero lo que no estaba nada claro era que fueran realmente efectivos en retrasar la degeneración del cartílago o incluso repararlo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;¿Sería cierta la hipótesis de "lo que se come, se cría"?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Con el paso de los años, y con la aparición de más y más estudios independientes y de mayor calidad que comparaban la eficacia de los condroprotectores con el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://blogs.elpais.com/la-doctora-shora/2011/09/las-extra%C3%B1as-formas-del-placebo.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;placebo&lt;/a&gt;, se iba perfilando un resultado cada vez más claro y demoledor:&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;La mayoría de los estudios científicos mejor realizados o no encontraban diferencias apreciables con respecto al placebo o los resultados no eran relevantes clínicamente&lt;/strong&gt;. Las consecuencias no tardaron en llegar y países como Estados Unidos, Australia, Holanda y Reino unido los consideran suplementos dietéticos sin eficacia demostrada. Otros países, como Suecia y Dinamarca, que anteriormente financiaban los condroprotectores en sus sistemas de salud, los retiraron por la misma razón (&lt;a href="http://www.hemosleido.es/?p=1199" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;Fuente&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Y ahora es cuando aterrizamos en nuestra querida España.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;En nuestro país los condroprotectores siguen estando financiados por la Seguridad Social&lt;/strong&gt;. Dado que nuestro sistema sanitario no pasa precisamente ahora por su mejor momento económico, muchos profesionales de la salud se han metido en territorio comanche y han hecho un llamamiento para dejar de financiar aquellos fármacos que tengan una eficacia terapéutica dudosa o nula (hay muchos, se sorprenderían), pues supondría un ahorro importante para las arcas de la Sanidad.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Entre los valientes profesionales sanitarios que han hecho este llamamiento, se encuentra&lt;strong&gt;Cecilia Calvo&lt;/strong&gt;, farmacéutica y antigua redactora de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.elcomprimido.com/" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;El Comprimido&lt;/a&gt;, una publicación del Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares. Cecilia Calvo no sólo tuvo la osadía de escribir&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.elcomprimido.com/articulos%20PDF/elcomprimido_n18_cast.pdf" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;una revisión sobre la eficacia terapéutica de los condroprotectores&lt;/a&gt;, sino que&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;se atrevió a preguntar qué sentido tenía que estuvieran financiados por la Seguridad Social&lt;/strong&gt;(suponen un coste 100 millones de euros anuales). Las consecuencias no tardaron mucho en llegar...&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Bioibérica&lt;/strong&gt;, una empresa farmacéutica española que vende, entre otros fármacos, condroprotectores&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;denunció judicialmente al Instituto Balear de Salud&lt;/strong&gt;alegando que con el mencionado artículo del Comprimido&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.diariodemallorca.es/mallorca/2012/01/13/farmaceutica-medicamento-avalo-bestard-demando-salud/735535.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;se estaba cometiendo una ilegalidad al hacer recomendaciones sobre medicamentos y que "vulneraban la libertad de prescripción"&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Poco tiempo después, como si fuera obra de la casualidad, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;director General del Instituto Balear de Salud Juan José Bestard envió un email&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;a todos los médicos de atención primaria y coordinadores&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://rafabravo.wordpress.com/2012/01/06/increible-pero-cierto/" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;desautorizando el artículo publicado&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;en el Comprimido y defendiendo la libertad de prescripción&lt;/a&gt;. La Sociedad Balear de Medicina Familiar&lt;a href="http://www.mallorcadiario.com/sanidad-y-salud/actualidad/la-sociedad-balear-de-medicina-familiar-acusa-a-bestard-de-injerencia-90224.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;&amp;nbsp;no tardó en manifestar su opinión sobre el email de su director general con lo siguiente&lt;/a&gt;: "su&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;más absoluta indignación&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;por el contenido de la misma, que interpreta como una injerencia inadmisible de un cargo directivo en las labores estrictamente técnicas de la evaluación farmacológica"&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;A los pocos días, como una carambola guiada del destino,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://elcomprimido-ibsalut.blogspot.com/2011/12/molts-danys.html" style="color: #3eb70c; font-weight: normal; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;Cecilia Calvo fue despedida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&lt;a href="http://www.nogracias.eu/2012/01/07/requiem-por-el-comprimido/" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;su trabajo en el Comprimido&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Eugènia Carandell&lt;/strong&gt;, responsable en funciones del gabinete técnico de Atención Primaria&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;dimitió&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;con&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.diariodemallorca.es/mallorca/2012/01/12/conoce-servei-salut/735244.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;las siguientes palabras&lt;/a&gt;: "Ha sido una actitud individual por una postura ética. Ni los gestores ni los políticos deberían cuestionar el trabajo de los técnicos."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;El último capítulo de esta historia la escribe la Sociedad Española de Farmacología&lt;a href="http://reflexionesrafaolalde.blogspot.com/2012/01/eramos-pocos-mal-avenidos-y-encima-pare.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;mostrando su apoyo a los condroprotectores&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;y defendiendo, ante todo, la libertad de prescripción del médico. Pero la bola de nieve no deja rodar... y no sería extraño que sucediera algo más.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Como pueden ver, lo que debía ser un sosegado análisis científico de la real evidencia terapéutica de los condroprotectores se ha convertido en un territorio comanche donde las&lt;strong&gt;balas políticas y judiciales&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;campan a sus anchas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Valientes aquellos que se enfrentan a los "pistoleros", para reflejar la verdad de la medicina&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;Para saber más:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://w3.icf.uab.es/notibg/item/1189" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;¿Disponemos de fármacos condroprotectores?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.actasanitaria.com/opinion/el-mirador/articulo-quelantes-del-hierro-y-condroprotectores-peligrosa-independencia-en-canada-y-en-baleares.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;Quelante del hierro y condroprotectores: peligrosa independencia, en Canadá y en Baleares&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 18px !important; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.diariodemallorca.es/mallorca/2012/01/13/farmaceutica-medicamento-avalo-bestard-demando-salud/735535.html" style="color: #3eb70c; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; text-decoration: none;" target="_self"&gt;La farmacéutica del medicamento que avaló Bestard demandó antes a Salud&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hasta cuando seguiremos aceptando estos consensos sin fundamentos cientificos ? La ciencia se rige por las pruebas, por el metodo inductivo-deductivo-abductivo, por la experimentacion, pero nunca por el consenso de "expertos" que no declaran sus conflictos de intereses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marksdailyapple.com/top-6-anti-inflammatory-foods/"&gt;My Top 6 Anti-Inflammatory Foods&lt;/a&gt; (marksdailyapple.com)&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;Estimados colegas, enviamos alerta por aumento de casos de coqueluche con las estrategias implementadas y las nuevas recomendaciones de vacunación.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;Es necesario fortalecer la sospecha y notificación de casos de coqueluche, efectuar control de foco, aplicar todas las vacunas del calendario para no perder oportunidades de inmunizar a la población y la recomendación de vacunar embarazadas con vacuna triple bacteriana acelular a partir de la vigésima semana de embarazo, con el propósito de proteger a los lactantes menores de 1 año, que sufren la mayor morbimortalidad, &amp;nbsp;contra la tos convulsa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;Solicitamos dar difusión.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;Fuente: Ministerio de Salud Argentina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;Articulos Relacionados:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.losmicrobios.com.ar/microbios/bordetella.html"&gt;http://www.losmicrobios.com.ar/microbios/bordetella.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;Bajar desde aqui:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1220200/alerta-tos-convulsa25ene2012.pdf"&gt;http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1220200/alerta-tos-convulsa25ene2012.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000066; font-family: Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/rxzEVLZDzRt2cFZtT8i1xk4HrfE/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/rxzEVLZDzRt2cFZtT8i1xk4HrfE/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/5XeRBsQdteU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/8834550132892042006/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=8834550132892042006" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/8834550132892042006?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/8834550132892042006?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/5XeRBsQdteU/coqueluche.html" title="Coqueluche" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/coqueluche.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0YARHo7cCp7ImA9WhRUFEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-2113654884700190037</id><published>2012-01-25T01:19:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T01:19:05.408-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-25T01:19:05.408-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="patentes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="conocimiento" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Organizacion Mundial de Comercio" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ATTAC" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Susan George" /><title>El precio del conocimiento</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fuente: ATTAC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/AOiRp_dT-qAG9CJGI-2a4G7n0p8/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/AOiRp_dT-qAG9CJGI-2a4G7n0p8/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/uHonCm1Flow" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/2113654884700190037/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=2113654884700190037" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/2113654884700190037?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/2113654884700190037?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/uHonCm1Flow/el-precio-del-conocimiento.html" title="El precio del conocimiento" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/el-precio-del-conocimiento.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;D0AFRHg8eSp7ImA9WhRUFEg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-674458954029426151</id><published>2012-01-24T22:35:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-24T22:41:55.671-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-24T22:41:55.671-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="YouTube" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="United States" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="megaupload" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GoDaddy" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hosting" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="google" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Massachusetts Medical Society" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Professors in the United States" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="otitis media" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Intellectual Property" /><title>Disculpas</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crunchbase.com/company/google" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Image representing Google as depicted in Crunc..." height="99" src="http://www.crunchbase.com/assets/images/resized/0002/9578/29578v7-max-450x450.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 250px;"&gt;Image via &lt;a href="http://www.crunchbase.com/"&gt;CrunchBase&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Por razones que ya son de publico conocimiento a nivel mundial, la mayor parte del material (libros, audio, documentales , archivos personales ), no se encuentra disponible en varios blogs. Incluido material personal que hace a mi propio trabajo. La razon por la que el material estaba ahi, no era otra que la falta de disponibilidad de un servidor propio (algo que no esta al alcance de un usuario medio, como es mi caso ). Del mismo modo, material que habia subido a youtube ha sido eliminado por &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://google.com/" rel="homepage" title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;, quien aduce que se infringen los derechos de autor. Asi dice el mail recibido hace una hora.&lt;br /&gt;
Por otro lado, material que estaba en otros sitios tambien ha sido eliminado. Como es de conocimiento publico, muchos lugares que ofrecian el servicio de poder subir archivos y usarlos como repositorio, estan borrando todo en forma indiscriminada. El unico material disponible es el que se encuentra en los discos duros de mis respectivas maquinas, o en accesorios como &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive" rel="wikipedia" title="USB flash drive"&gt;pendrives&lt;/a&gt;, disco externo, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
Por ende, agradecemos que nos informen que material esta sin su link para poder eliminar los posts.&lt;br /&gt;
Del mismo modo, y desconozco la causa, todos los posts presentes en medicinafamiliar.info no estan accesibles, ni tampoco el servicio tecnico sabe que esta sucediendo. El servicio de Ibumu (donde realmente estan los servidores) , contrata a &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=33.617409,-111.90477&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=33.617409,-111.90477%20(Go%20Daddy)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Go Daddy"&gt;GoDaddy&lt;/a&gt;, empresa que hacia ya unas semanas estaba advirtiendo de esta situacion. Sin embargo, se solicito que se apuntaran los &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System" rel="wikipedia" title="Domain Name System"&gt;DNS&lt;/a&gt; a Google u otro lugar, pero no tuvimos respuesta, y ni siquiera sabemos si ese es el motivo por el cual gran parte del material no esta accesible.&lt;br /&gt;
La situacion generada tras el cierre de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.megaupload.com/" rel="homepage" title="Megaupload"&gt;Megaupload&lt;/a&gt;, ha llevado a que la mayoria de los servicios esten ejerciendo la peor de las censuras, tal cual es la autocensura. Propia solo de estados totalitarios y fascistas, como parece que EE.UU. está cayendo en este momento.&lt;br /&gt;
Por ahora, la unica forma segura de seguir accediendo a informacion parece ser a traves de servicios P2P, o torrents, cuyos nombres mas comunes son Ares o &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.emule-project.net/" rel="homepage" title="EMule"&gt;Emule&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr valign="center"&gt;&lt;td align="left" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="180"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="YouTube" border="0" height="33" src="http://s.ytimg.com/yt/img/email_logo_no_tagline.png" width="175" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="right" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://support.google.com/youtube/bin/static.py?page=start.cs" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;help center&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/account_notifications" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;e-mail options&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;div class="im" style="color: #500050;"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Dear rubenroa:&lt;/h2&gt;We have disabled the following material as a result of a third-party notification from &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Medical_Society" rel="wikipedia" title="Massachusetts Medical Society"&gt;Massachusetts Medical Society&lt;/a&gt; claiming that this material is infringing:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Artrocentesis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o93Grt8Jgc" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;v=1o93Grt8Jgc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
We have disabled the following material as a result of a third-party notification from Massachusetts Medical Society claiming that this material is infringing:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.nejm.org/" rel="homepage" title="The New England Journal of Medicine"&gt;NEJM&lt;/a&gt; TensionArterial&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fScnPGCdjzc" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;v=fScnPGCdjzc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
We have disabled the following material as a result of a third-party notification from Massachusetts Medical Society claiming that this material is infringing:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media" rel="wikipedia" title="Otitis media"&gt;Otitis Media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh0UdLFpOiM" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;v=Wh0UdLFpOiM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="im" style="color: #500050;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Please Note:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Repeat incidents of copyright infringement will result in the deletion of your account and all videos uploaded to that account. In order to prevent this from happening, please delete any videos to which you do not own the rights, and refrain from uploading additional videos that infringe on the copyrights of others. For more information about YouTube's copyright policy, please read the&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/t/howto_copyright" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;Copyright Tips&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;guide.&lt;br /&gt;
If one of your postings has been misidentified as infringing, you may submit a &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Copyright_Infringement_Liability_Limitation_Act" rel="wikipedia" title="Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act"&gt;counter-notification&lt;/a&gt;. Information about this process is in our&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/t/copyright_counter" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;Help Center&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Please note that under Section 512(f) of the Copyright Act, any person who knowingly materially misrepresents that material was disabled due to mistake or misidentification may be liable for damages.&lt;br /&gt;
Sincerely,&lt;br /&gt;
— The YouTube Team&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #cccccc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 50px;"&gt;© 2012 &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.youtube.com/" rel="homepage" title="YouTube"&gt;YouTube, LLC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
901 Cherry Ave, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.6252777778,-122.425277778&amp;amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;amp;q=37.6252777778,-122.425277778%20(San%20Bruno%2C%20California)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="San Bruno, California"&gt;San Bruno, CA&lt;/a&gt; 94066&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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Los datos corresponden al último parte epidemiológico emitido por el Ministerio de Salud de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-34.6008333333,-58.3688888889&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=-34.6008333333,-58.3688888889%20%28La%20Naci%C3%B3n%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="La Nación"&gt;la Nación&lt;/a&gt; con fecha de 20 de enero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;El titular de la cartera sanitaria de la nación Juan Manzur dijo que  todos los hospitales están en alerta y las fronteras reforzaron las  medidas de prevención para evitar el contagio en nuestro país.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;El mismo parte indica que desde el 3 de julio a la fecha se  notificaron en todo el país 689 casos, de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_pronouns" rel="wikipedia" title="Spanish pronouns"&gt;los cuales&lt;/a&gt; sólo 3 fueron  confirmados como casos de dengue. El primero fue detectado en &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.tucuman.gov.ar/" rel="homepage" title="Tucumán Province"&gt;Tucumán&lt;/a&gt; en  la semana epidemiológica 27 (3 al 9 de julio). Los otros dos casos se  registraron en &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_capital" rel="wikipedia" title="Federal capital"&gt;Capital Federal&lt;/a&gt;, uno durante la semana epidemiológica 43  (23 al 29 de octubre) y el segundo en la SE 44 (30 de octubre al 5 de  noviembre). Las tres personas afectadas habían viajado –previo al inicio  de los síntomas de la enfermedad- a zonas con circulación viral de  dengue (&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-25.2666666667,-57.6666666667&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=-25.2666666667,-57.6666666667%20%28Paraguay%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Paraguay"&gt;Paraguay&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=14.1,-87.2166666667&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=14.1,-87.2166666667%20%28Honduras%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Honduras"&gt;Honduras&lt;/a&gt; e India respectivamente).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;En el último mes, el 43,1% de los casos notificados se registró en la  región del NEA; el 32,3% en el Centro y el 22,7% restante en el NOA.  Entre las provincias que registraron mayores notificaciones se  encuentran Santa Fe con el 22,8%, Chaco con el 21% y &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.misiones.gov.ar/" rel="homepage" title="Misiones Province"&gt;Misiones&lt;/a&gt; con el  16,8%, en el mismo período. En la región Sur no se notificaron casos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Fuente: La Voz del Interior (Argentina) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-pixie" style="height: 15px; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://www.zemanta.com/" title="Enhanced by Zemanta"&gt;&lt;img alt="Enhanced by Zemanta" class="zemanta-pixie-img" src="http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=178841dd-57d7-4b1f-879a-b1819ba05d7b" style="border: medium none; float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;!--
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/iStNuqNyRSwhtMNNY-exAAltJxI/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/iStNuqNyRSwhtMNNY-exAAltJxI/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/7wRyhCd1r90" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/6585512754542217604/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=6585512754542217604" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/6585512754542217604?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/6585512754542217604?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/7wRyhCd1r90/alerta-por-dengue.html" title="Alerta por Dengue" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/alerta-por-dengue.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C0cESXozcSp7ImA9WhRUE00.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-7833286355332476255</id><published>2012-01-23T01:45:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-23T03:43:28.489-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-23T03:43:28.489-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pediatria basada en pruebas" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="YouTube" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="prematuros" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Javier González de Dios" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="John Lennon" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cristobal Buñuel Alvarez" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Spain" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Celine Dion" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Gore Verbinski" /><title>Hospital de Alicante y niños prematuros</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/58419132@N03/5506443644" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Servicios_UCI Neonatal" height="160" src="http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5058/5506443644_17d5a50c9a_m.jpg" style="border: medium none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 240px;"&gt;Image by &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/58419132@N03/5506443644"&gt;USP Hospitales&lt;/a&gt; via Flickr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Desde el blog de&lt;a href="http://www.pediatriabasadaenpruebas.com/2012/01/nuestros-prematuros-mucho-mas-que.html" target="_blank"&gt; Pediatria Basada en Pruebas&lt;/a&gt;, incansables amigos como Javier Gonzalez de Dios, y Cristobal Buñuel Alvarez, nos acercan un video que bien vale la pena ser visto. &lt;/span&gt;El mismo puede ser visto desde el blog de este activo colectivo hispano,&lt;a href="http://www.pediatriabasadaenpruebas.com/2012/01/nuestros-prematuros-mucho-mas-que.html" target="_blank"&gt; a traves de este enlace&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pediatriabasadaenpruebas.com/" target="_blank"&gt;.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;El día 17 de noviembre se ha declarado como el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.pediatriabasadaenpruebas.com/2011/11/proxima-celebracion-del-dia-europeo-del.html" target="_blank"&gt;"Día Europeo del Niño Prematuro"&lt;/a&gt;. De ello informamos oportunamente en este blog, pues es ese día tuvimos la oportunidad de que nuestro hospital (&lt;a href="http://www.dep19.san.gva.es/" target="_blank"&gt;Hospital General Universitario de Alicante&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;-HGUA-, junto con la Asociación Valenciana de Padres de Niños Prematuros -&lt;a href="http://www.avaprem.org/avaprem_cas/index.html" target="_blank"&gt;AVAPREM&lt;/a&gt;-) organizara los actos correspondientes a la &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelme_%28cycling_team%29" rel="wikipedia" title="Kelme (cycling team)"&gt;Comunidad Valenciana&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Ese  17 de noviembre de 2011 fue una fecha especial para todos los  profesionales sanitarios que trabajamos en la &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.uci.ch/" rel="homepage" title="Union Cycliste Internationale"&gt;UCI&lt;/a&gt; Neonatal del HGUA.  Dentro del programa científico y social tuvimos la oportunidad de  elaborar el&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;vídeo "Nuestros Prematuros, mucho más que estrellas de cine"&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;y que hoy os presentamos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Cuando  buscamos en la Red (en &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.youtube.com/" rel="homepage" title="YouTube"&gt;YouTube&lt;/a&gt; principalmente) no encontramos ningún  vídeo que reflejara (a nuestro gusto) con rigor y emoción las grandes  vivencias que pacientes, familiares y profesionales sanitarios viven  entre las paredes de una UCI Neonatal, alrededor del cuidado y atención  de los recién nacidos (con el prematuro como estrella). Por ello  decidimos realizar "nuestro" vídeo, un vídeo que implica mensaje y  emoción con dos claros objetivos: rendir un homenaje al niño prematuro,  sus padres y familiares; y otro, no menos importante, como sentir que  todos los profesionales sanitarios que trabajamos con niños prematruos  nos sintiéramos orgullosos de nuestra labor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;El vídeo se presenta en&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"&gt;tres clásica partes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;, con tres canciones diferenciadores para acompañar a la imagen y al mensaje:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-En la primera parte del video (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"&gt;introducción&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;)  del vídeo presentamos la UCI Neonatal y a sus profesionales. Se  acompaña del tema principal de la B.S.O. de la película Piratas del &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=15.0,-75.0&amp;amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;amp;q=15.0,-75.0%20%28Caribbean%20Sea%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Caribbean Sea"&gt;Mar  Caribe&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/gore_verbinski" rel="rottentomatoes" title="Gore Verbinski"&gt;Gore Verbinski&lt;/a&gt;, 2003)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-En &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.lasegunda.com/" rel="homepage" title="La Segunda"&gt;la segunda&lt;/a&gt; parte (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"&gt;núcleo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;)  hablamos del prematuro y su entorno médico y humano. El tema es  "Beautiful boy", una canción de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/john_lennon" rel="rottentomatoes" title="John Lennon"&gt;John Lennon&lt;/a&gt; interpretada en esta ocasión  por &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/celine_dion" rel="rottentomatoes" title="Celine Dion"&gt;Celine Dion&lt;/a&gt;, madre de niños prematuros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-En la tercer parte (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: bold;"&gt;colofón&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;) abordamos la Misión, Visión y Valores de nuestra UCI Neonatal. Se acompaña del tema "Time" de Elan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cinco valores nos definen:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;excelencia,  liderazgo, comunidad, sensibilidad y humanización. Y en ellos estamos  comprometidos todos: neonatólogos, especialistas pediátricos,  residentes, enfermeras, auxiliares y personal de apoyo. Porque si el  gran avance de la Neonatología en el siglo XX fue paralelo a los avances  técnicos, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;gran avance de la Neonatología en el siglo XXI viene de la mano de la HUMANIZACIÓN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Porque  el prematuro necesita 5 cosas PARA SER FELIZ (humanizar el ambiente,  atender a las familias, abrir las puertas dela UCI, apoyar la lactancia  materna y fomentar el método canguro), nuestra UCI Neonatal está  convencida de ello y, para conseguirlo, debe trabajar con las "4H":  Hacerlo bien (calidad profesional), Hacerlo (compromiso), Hacerlo mejor  (desarrollo) y Hacerlo juntos (equipo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;GRACIAS&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;a  todos los compañeros del HGUA, a todos los que trabajan por la salud y  cuidados de niños prematuros en hospitales comarcales y en hospitales de  referencia, de día y de noche.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gracias a los prematuros, nuestro presente..., nuestro futuro.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Y a los padres y familiares que cedieron las imágenes para realizar este reportaje.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Porque  en un momento laboral actual tan complicado para los profesionales de  salud, nuestra fuerza es sentirnos orgulloso de nuestro trabajo, así  como de la importancia científica y humana de nuestra misión, visión y  valore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;s".&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-pixie" style="height: 15px; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;!--
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&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism" rel="wikipedia" title="Atheism"&gt;Atheists&lt;/a&gt; We Distrust&lt;br /&gt;
Subjects believe that people behave better when they think that &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God" rel="wikipedia" title="God"&gt;God&lt;/a&gt; is watching over them &lt;br /&gt;
By Daisy Grewal &amp;nbsp;| January 17, 2012&amp;nbsp;| 124 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; Pherhaps this is the reason why most of people believe in a dollar than other things: "in God we Trust"........&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For jobs that require a lot of trust, people tend to prefer the faithful Image: iStock/Classix &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Atheists are one of the most disliked groups in America. Only 45 percent  of &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.history.com/topics/states" rel="historycom" title="The States"&gt;Americans&lt;/a&gt; say they would vote&amp;nbsp;for a qualified atheist presidential  candidate, and atheists are rated as the least desirable&amp;nbsp;group for a  potential son-in-law or daughter-in-law to belong to. Will  Gervais at the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=49.2669222222,-123.247466667&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=49.2669222222,-123.247466667%20%28University%20of%20British%20Columbia%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="University of British Columbia"&gt;University of British Columbia&lt;/a&gt; recently published a set  of studies&amp;nbsp;looking at why atheists are so disliked. His conclusion: It  comes down to trust.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gervais and his colleagues presented participants with a story about a  person who accidentally hits a parked car and then fails to leave behind  valid insurance information for the other driver. Participants were  asked to choose the probability that the person in question was a  Christian, a Muslim, a rapist, or an atheist. They thought it equally  probable the culprit was an atheist or a rapist, and unlikely the person  was a Muslim or Christian. In a different study, Gervais looked at how  atheism influences peopleâ€™s hiring decisions. People were asked to  choose between an atheist or a religious candidate for a job requiring  either a high or low degree of trust. For the high-trust job of daycare  worker, people were more likely to prefer the religious candidate. For  the job of waitress, which requires less trust, the atheists fared much  better.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It wasnâ€™t just the highly religious participants who expressed a  distrust of atheists. People identifying themselves as having no  religious affiliation held similar opinions. Gervais and his colleagues  discovered that people distrust atheists because of the belief that  people behave better when they think that God is watching over them.  This belief may have some truth to it. Gervais and his colleague Ara  Norenzayan have found that reminding people about Godâ€™s presence has  the same effect as telling people they are being watched&amp;nbsp;by others: it  increases their feelings of self-consciousness and leads them to behave  in more socially acceptable ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When we know that somebody believes in the possibility of divine  punishment, we seem to assume they are less likely to do something  unethical. Based on this logic, Gervais and Norenzayan hypothesized that  reminding&amp;nbsp;people about the existence of secular authority figures, such  as policemen and judges, might alleviate peopleâ€™s prejudice towards  atheists. In one study, they had people watch either a travel video or a  video of a police chief giving an end-of-the-year report. They then  asked participants how much they agreed with certain statements about  atheists (e.g., â€œI would be uncomfortable with an atheist teaching my  child.â€ ) In addition, they measured participantsâ€™ prejudice towards  other groups, including Muslims and &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews" rel="wikipedia" title="Jews"&gt;Jewish people&lt;/a&gt;. Their results showed  that viewing the video of the police chief resulted in less distrust  towards atheists. However, it had no effect on peopleâ€™s prejudice  towards other groups. From a psychological standpoint,&lt;br /&gt;
God and secular authority figures may be somewhat interchangeable. The  existence of either helps us feel more trusting of others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gervais and Norenzayanâ€™s findings may shed light on an interesting  puzzle: why acceptance towards atheism has grown rapidly in some  countries but not others. In many &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" rel="wikipedia" title="Scandinavia"&gt;Scandinavian&amp;nbsp;countries&lt;/a&gt;,  including Norway and Sweden, the number of people who report believing  in God has reached an all-time low. This may have something to do with  the way these countries have established governments that guarantee a  high level of social security for all of their citizens.&amp;nbsp; Aaron Kay and  his colleagues ran a study&amp;nbsp;in Canada which found that political  insecurity may push us towards believing in God. They gave participants  two versions of a fictitious news story: one describing Canadaâ€™s  current political situation as stable, the other describing it as  potentially unstable. After reading one of the two articles, peopleâ€™s  beliefs in God were measured. People who read the article describing the  government as potentially unstable were more likely to agree that God,  or some other type of nonhuman entity, is in control of the universe. A  common belief in the divine may help people feel more secure. Yet when  security is achieved by more secular means, it may remove some of the  draw of faith.&lt;br /&gt;
The findings on why we distrust atheists also point towards another  potential way of reducing such prejudice: by reminding people of  charitable and altruistic acts committed in the name of atheism. In  recent years, there has been a growing number of virtual communities  dedicated to those interested in atheism. Some of these communities have  begun to organize charitable efforts. For example, the Haiti earthquake  led members of Richard Dawkinsâ€™ foundation to launch a campaign  entitled Non-Believers&amp;nbsp;Giving Aid. In December the Reddit.com  online atheism community managed to raise over $200,000 worth of  donations&amp;nbsp;for Doctors Without Borders. It is possible that greater  public awareness of altruistic atheists may help alleviate some of the  distrust that many Americans feel towards nonbelievers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Are you a scientist who specializes in neuroscience, cognitive science,  or psychology? And have you read a recent peer-reviewed paper that you  would like to write about? Please send suggestions to Mind Matters  editor &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_Cook" rel="wikipedia" title="Gareth Cook"&gt;Gareth Cook&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/" rel="homepage" title="Pulitzer Prize"&gt;Pulitzer prize&lt;/a&gt;-winning journalist at &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/" rel="homepage" title="The Boston Globe"&gt;The Boston  Globe&lt;/a&gt;. He can be reached at garethideas AT &lt;a href="http://gmail.com/" target="_blank"&gt;gmail.com&lt;/a&gt; or Twitter @garethideas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; Via: Carlos Alberto Morales Paitán&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; Source : Forum Salud Loreto&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1988930525"&gt; www.karlmoralesp2010.blogspot.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.karlmoralesp2010.blogspot.com/%20" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;com &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0pt 0pt;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=in-atheists-we-distrust"&gt;In Atheists We Distrust&lt;/a&gt; (scientificamerican.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://richarddawkins.net/articles/644624-update-related-article-in-atheists-we-distrust"&gt;[Update-related article] In Atheists We Distrust - Daisy Grewal - Scientific American&lt;/a&gt; (richarddawkins.net)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://freethoughtblogs.com/camelswithhammers/2012/01/17/how-to-make-god-die-a-little-more/"&gt;How To Make God Die A Little More&lt;/a&gt; (freethoughtblogs.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://richarddawkins.net/articles/644624-in-atheists-we-distrust"&gt;In Atheists We Distrust - Daisy Grewal - Scientific American&lt;/a&gt; (richarddawkins.net)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://mindblog.dericbownds.net/2011/12/good-minus-god-distrust-of-atheists.html"&gt;Good minus God - distrust of atheists&lt;/a&gt; (mindblog.dericbownds.net)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scienceblogs.com/tfk/2011/11/too_few_people_know_that_they_1.php"&gt;Too few people know that they know an atheist, redux [Thoughts from Kansas]&lt;/a&gt; (scienceblogs.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-11/uobc-use112911.php"&gt;UBC study explores distrust of atheists by believers&lt;/a&gt; (eurekalert.org)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Believers+distrust+atheists+more+than+people+competing+religious+groups+study/5792250/story.html"&gt;Believers distrust atheists more than people in competing religious groups: UBC study&lt;/a&gt; (vancouversun.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/11/why-dont-people-trust-atheists.html"&gt;Why Don't People Trust Atheists?&lt;/a&gt; (andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://jonathanturley.org/2011/12/06/poll-religious-people-trust-atheists-as-much-as-rapists/"&gt;Poll: Atheists Trusted As Much As . . . Rapists&lt;/a&gt; (jonathanturley.org)&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/sUalDNV5g6dDA2rxyx5AZsXENvA/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/sUalDNV5g6dDA2rxyx5AZsXENvA/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/Vy9awWr4Nic" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/9207431377093873697/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=9207431377093873697" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/9207431377093873697?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/9207431377093873697?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/Vy9awWr4Nic/in-atheists-we-distrust.html" title="In Atheists We Distrust" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/in-atheists-we-distrust.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DU4BQXs6fip7ImA9WhRUEUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-5423512459855528104</id><published>2012-01-21T17:32:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-21T17:32:30.516-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-21T17:32:30.516-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Stanford" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Evidence-based medicine" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ioannina" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Effect size" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Clinical trial" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Statistical significance" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Stanford University School of Medicine" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Cochrane Library" /><title>Risk factors and interventions with statistically significant tiny effects</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/6.cover.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/6.cover.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Risk factors and interventions with statistically significant tiny effects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;George CM Siontis1 and John PA Ioannidis1,2,*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;+ Author Affiliations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;1Clinical Trials and &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" rel="wikipedia" title="Evidence-based medicine"&gt;Evidence-Based Medicine&lt;/a&gt; Unit and the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/Clinical_trials" rel="wikinvest" title="Clinical trials"&gt;Clinical&lt;/a&gt; and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=39.6175,20.8408333333&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=39.6175,20.8408333333%20(University%20of%20Ioannina)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="University of Ioannina"&gt;University of Ioannina&lt;/a&gt; School of Medicine, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.ioannina.gr/" rel="homepage" title="Ioannina"&gt;Ioannina, Greece&lt;/a&gt; and 2Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine" rel="wikipedia" title="Stanford University School of Medicine"&gt;Stanford University School of Medicine&lt;/a&gt;, Stanford, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;↵*Corresponding author. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.4225,-122.165277778&amp;amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;amp;q=37.4225,-122.165277778%20(Stanford%2C%20California)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Stanford, California"&gt;Stanford, CA&lt;/a&gt; 94305, USA. E-mail: jioannid@stanford.edu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Accepted May 19, 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Background Large studies may identify postulated risk factors and interventions with very small &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_size" rel="wikipedia" title="Effect size"&gt;effect sizes&lt;/a&gt;. We aimed to assess empirically a large number of statistically significant relative risks (RRs) of tiny magnitude and their interpretation by investigators.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Methods RRs in the range between 0.95 and 1.05 were identified in abstracts of articles of cohort studies; articles published in NEJM, JAMA or Lancet; and &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane_Library" rel="wikipedia" title="Cochrane Library"&gt;Cochrane reviews&lt;/a&gt;. For each eligible tiny effect and the respective study, we recorded information on study design, participants, risk factor/intervention, outcome, effect estimates, P-values and interpretation by study investigators. We also calculated the probability that each effect lies outside specific intervals around the null (&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate" rel="wikipedia" title="Heart rate"&gt;RR interval&lt;/a&gt; 0.97–1.03, 0.95–1.05, 0.90–1.10).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Results We evaluated 51 eligible tiny effects (median sample size 112 786 for risk factors and 36 021 for interventions). Most (37/51) appeared in articles published in 2006–10. The effects pertained to nutrition (n = 19), genetic and other biomarkers (n = 8), correlates of health care (n = 8) and diverse other topics (n = 16) of clinical or public health importance and mostly referred to major clinical outcomes. A total of 15 of the 51 effects were &amp;gt;80% likely to lie outside the RR interval 0.97–1.03, but only 8 were &amp;gt;40% likely to lie outside the RR interval 0.95–1.05 and none was &amp;gt;1.7% likely to lie outside the RR interval 0.90–1.10. The authors discussed at least one concern for 23 effects (small magnitude n = 19, residual confounding n = 11, selection bias n = 1). No concerns were expressed for 28 effects.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Conclusions &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance" rel="wikipedia" title="Statistical significance"&gt;Statistically significant&lt;/a&gt; tiny effects for risk factors and interventions of clinical or public health importance become more common in the literature. Cautious interpretation is warranted, since most of these effects could be eliminated with even minimal biases and their importance is uncertain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/ktb9umnYCabAR3zj2TPR6Z1MqAE/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/ktb9umnYCabAR3zj2TPR6Z1MqAE/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/F4mt53hMUXM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/6907952606032733013/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=6907952606032733013" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/6907952606032733013?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/6907952606032733013?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/F4mt53hMUXM/buscando-informacion.html" title="Buscando informacion" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/buscando-informacion.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkMGQnw6eSp7ImA9WhRUEUw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-8125367556137630096</id><published>2012-01-20T19:39:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-20T23:53:43.211-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-20T23:53:43.211-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="USA" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="United States" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="megaupload" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="China" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="S.O.P.A." /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Adam Smith" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="google" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="El Salvador" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="busqueda de informacion" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="George Nash" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Argentina" /><title>Por una internet libre</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crunchbase.com/company/google" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Image representing Google as depicted in Crunc..." height="99" src="http://www.crunchbase.com/assets/images/resized/0002/9578/29578v7-max-450x450.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 250px;"&gt;Image via &lt;a href="http://www.crunchbase.com/"&gt;CrunchBase&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Los derechos de autor, el copyright, cualquier argumento de esos cae rendido en esta epoca. Todo lo que alguna vez circulo de una maquina a otra, y aun las propias, son susceptibles de ser invadidas. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pero esto no solo pasa por ahi, las dificultades que tenemos para  acceder a articulos, que no son para nosotros sino para otros. O aun yo  mismo que no puedo leer un par de articulos que escribi en alguna  revista, y no se si fue editado, solo aparecio en el indice. Todos lo  conocemos. No creo que alguien se sienta ofendido si le divulgan un  libro, salvo que solo trabaje de escritor, pero quien haya publicado  uno, sabe que la ganancia es exigua en dinero, pero sin duda prestigia.  De hecho soy autor de 3 libros, y participe en otros dos, de esos dos,  no me alcanza el dinero para pagarlos. Paradojico no? Y en todo caso,  quien de aca no ha bajado algun libro de algun blog mio ? O visto un  paper conseguido de prestado. No somos ladrones, me gustaria poder  disfrutar de la lectura mucho mas. Y no solo leer el abstract. Porque no  leemos para nosotros, sino para ser mejores medicos, para poder ayudar,  o al menos creo eso. No soy librero. Y si pague a megaupload un dinero  para poder alojar mis cosas porque mi disco duro no da mas. No tengo la  suerte de poder cambiarla. Los organismos internacionales pagan, pero no  tanto. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mas alla de eso subyacen otros problemas, como estar actualizado con  una revista que va a liberar la informacion dentro de 3 años ? Claro  que en Argentina es considerada un pais de mediano ingreso por PBI, y  por ello lo unico gratis que tenemos es el &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.nejm.org/" rel="homepage" title="The New England Journal of Medicine"&gt;NEJM&lt;/a&gt; y PLOS. De Cochrane ni  hablar. Y los paises que si pueden acceder, porque su PBI per capita es  muy bajo, apenas tienen computadoras. Y encima esta todo en ingles, y no  todos los medicos lo hablamos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cuantos ECAs nos estaremos perdiendo de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=39.9166666667,116.383333333&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=39.9166666667,116.383333333%20%28China%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="China"&gt;China&lt;/a&gt; por no saber  cantones siquiera. Porque el n seguro les sobra. Años atras, un grupo de  editoriales decidio liberar los papers a los 6 meses. Nadie cumplio.  Cuantos papers hay en la llamada literatura gris, que es desechada pero  valiosa. No seamos hipocritas, no es lo mismo si escribe un medico de  John Hopkins que otro de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=13.6666666667,-89.1666666667&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=13.6666666667,-89.1666666667%20%28El%20Salvador%29&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="El Salvador"&gt;El Salvador&lt;/a&gt;. Claro que la prevencion  cuaternaria y las guerras no son topicos de la lista, aunque mueran  miles diariamente por ello. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quien de aqui no ha visto algo en youtube, pagando solo el abono  de su conexion ? &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://google.com/" rel="homepage" title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; roba ? Creo que la web 2.0 o 3.0 no ha llegado a  muchos, y me niego a ser como China que restringe la informacion a sus  habitantes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Los invito a que vean una mente brillante, una vieja pelicula  que trataba de un matematico "esquizofrenico". Pues bien, ese hombre  desde Princeton gano un premio nobel en 1994. Y lo gano por su teoria de  los modelos cooperativos. Algo asi como que si reparto parte de lo que  tengo, y todos lo hacemos, todos ganamos mucho mas. Pueden leer el  dilema del prisionero, que es mas claro que yo para explicarlo, esta en  la wikipedia. Pero bueno, que yo sepa la wikipedia no tenia fines de  lucro, y tambien esta en la mira. Sin irme del tema, lo que &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nash_%28cricketer%29" rel="wikipedia" title="George Nash (cricketer)"&gt;George Nash&lt;/a&gt;  planteaba, no era mas ni menos que la mayor critica al modelo  capitalista de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" rel="wikipedia" title="Adam Smith"&gt;Adam Smith&lt;/a&gt;. No parece ser un tema menor supongo. Un  estadounidense destrozo 200 años de teorias economicas, y es un  desconocido para la mayoria. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No se trata de megaupload, se trata de que si pido un articulo  aqui y me lo mandan, con esa ley aprobada, estaran infringiendo la ley  de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.history.com/topics/states" rel="historycom" title="The States"&gt;EEUU&lt;/a&gt;. Porque uso gmail y los servidores de gmail son los de google, y  estan en territorio de EEUU. Con toda humildad, los invito a pensar en  esto, porque mañana u otro dia, la internet sera privada si dejamos  avanzar esto, y la realidad, es que la internet nacio en universidades  de EEUU, para descifrar codigos alemanes y japoneses. Y luego, mucho  despues, alguien nos puso una pc en cada escritorio, y hoy el mundo gira  alrededor de esto. No seria mas sano controlar la informacion de los  brokers que trabajan 24 horas por dia, para no perderse ningun mercado  del mundo jugando a la ruleta, en lugar de esta parodia que estamos  viviendo ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internet nacio con un sentido militar, y no hace muchos años, se  planteo otra internet de uso exclusivamente militar. No sera que  necesitan de esta ? Me imagino a &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1037756-jfk" rel="rottentomatoes" title="JFK"&gt;JFK&lt;/a&gt; mirando las fotos de los misiles  cubanos, y hoy mirandolos por 400 dolares, via Google Hearth. Saludos.  RR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-pixie" style="height: 15px; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://www.zemanta.com/" title="Enhanced by Zemanta"&gt;&lt;img alt="Enhanced by Zemanta" class="zemanta-pixie-img" src="http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=c469866c-9641-40e6-80d3-e8225e4299fe" style="border: medium none; float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;!--
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/fZEGohOaVHmIKF6HVqxONLuXU84/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/fZEGohOaVHmIKF6HVqxONLuXU84/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/9kmhg-bbvEA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/8125367556137630096/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=8125367556137630096" title="4 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/8125367556137630096?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/8125367556137630096?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/9kmhg-bbvEA/por-una-internet-libre.html" title="Por una internet libre" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>4</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/por-una-internet-libre.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CkUFRno7fip7ImA9WhRUEE4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-9051441389926118344</id><published>2012-01-20T00:30:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-20T00:30:17.406-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-20T00:30:17.406-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="United States" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Aqui" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Facebook" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="China" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="S.O.P.A" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Esta" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Latin America" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Electronic Arts" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sony" /><title>Digamos no a S.O.P.A.</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.daylife.com/image/0c1R24330u2IO?utm_source=zemanta&amp;amp;utm_medium=p&amp;amp;utm_content=0c1R24330u2IO&amp;amp;utm_campaign=z1" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 18:  Protesters demonst..." height="100" src="http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0c1R24330u2IO/150x100.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="150" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 150px;"&gt;Image by &lt;a href="http://www.daylife.com/source/Getty_Images"&gt;Getty Images&lt;/a&gt; via &lt;a href="http://www.daylife.com/"&gt;@daylife&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://secure.avaaz.org/es/save_the_internet/?avuAwcb"&gt;https://secure.avaaz.org/es/save_the_internet/?avuAwcb&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #ff0099; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;¡Diles que archiven &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.laleysite.com/" rel="homepage" title="La Ley (band)"&gt;la ley&lt;/a&gt; hoy!&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class="action-container-text" style="background-color: white; color: #121213; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;lh2&gt;¡Dile a los que respaldan la ley que la archiven!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #38acec;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Senador &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://reid.senate.gov/" rel="homepage" title="Harry Reid"&gt;Harry Reid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;b&gt;Teléfono&lt;/b&gt;: +1(202) 224-3542&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;E-mail:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;http://reid.senate.gov/contact/index.cfm&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/HarryReid" style="color: #ff0099; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Haz clic para poner un comentario en el Facebook del Senador Reid&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://twitter.com/home?status=%E2%80%A4%40HarryReid+Defienda+la+libertad+de+Internet+y+diga+no+%23SOPA+ni+%23PIPA+%23wikipediablackout+http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2Fx7qOki" style="color: #ff0099; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Haz clic aquí para hacer un tweet automático: @HarryReid Defienda la libertad de Internet y diga NO #SOPA ni #PIPA #wikipediablackout&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Puntos de apoyo para la llamada:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Para defender el Internet libre, le pido que por favor retire el proyecto PIPA de la agenda legislativa en el &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=40.4205555556,-3.71277777778&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=40.4205555556,-3.71277777778%20(Senate%20of%20Spain)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Senate of Spain"&gt;Senado&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Más de un millón de personas de todo el mundo están en contra de la censura de EE.UU. a Internet.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Esta ley haría de EE.UU. uno de los peores censores de la red del mundo -- igualándose a países com &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=39.9166666667,116.383333333&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=39.9166666667,116.383333333%20(China)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="China"&gt;China&lt;/a&gt; e Irán.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Existen otras maneras menos lesivas de proteger los derechos de autor y los intereses comerciales de EE.UU.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #38acec;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ahora dile No al lobby corporativo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;Rupert Murdoch, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.sony.com/" rel="homepage" title="Sony"&gt;Sony&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.ea.com/" rel="homepage" title="Electronic Arts"&gt;Electronic Arts&lt;/a&gt; y otras compañías están presionando fuertemente para que se aprueben estas leyes de censura de Internet. Mostrémosles que la opinión pública mundial está en contra de sus posturas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://twitter.com/home?status=S%C3%AD+al+Internet+libre+%40rupertmurdoch+%40Sony+%40EA+Digan+no+%23SOPA+ni+%23PIPA+%23wikipediablackout+http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2Fx7qOki" style="color: #ff0099; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Haz clic aquí para enviar un tweet automático: Sí al Internet libre @rupertmurdoch @Sony @EA Digan no #SOPA ni #PIPA #wikipediablackout&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Mensaje de ejemplo para Facebook:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Le pido que defienda un Internet libre y abierto y que se oponga al &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protect_IP_Act" rel="wikipedia" title="Protect IP Act"&gt;Protect IP Act&lt;/a&gt; y al Stop Online Piracy Act.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Nota: Antes de poder comentar en sus páginas de Facebook, estás obligado a hacer clic en el botón de "Me gusta" para poder dejar el comentario en la página de estas empresas:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.facebook.com/FoxMovies" style="color: #ff0099; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Haz clic aquí para dejar un comentario en el Facebook de Rupert Murdoch&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/Sony?sk=wall" style="color: #ff0099; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Haz clic aquí para dejar un comentario en el Facebook de Sony&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/EA" style="color: #ff0099; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Haz clic aquí para dejar un comentario en el Facebook de Electronic Arts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/lh2&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://kitiloves.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/things-that-made-my-day/"&gt;Things that made my day&lt;/a&gt; (kitiloves.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div class="copete" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Demasiada casualidad para mi gusto.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Un día después de la protesta contra el proyecto de ley para regular los contenidos en la web, el&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Departamento de Justicia de EEUU&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;llevó a cabo "una de las mayores acciones vinculadas con derechos de autor" en ese país&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;img "="" src="http://america.infobae.com/adjuntos/jpg/2012/01/106911.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px;" width="600" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="clear" style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;div class="nota-desc" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;div id="cuerpoNoticia" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div id="cuerpoNoticia" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Sólo un día después de la protesta por la posible aprobación de una nueva ley antipiratería en EEUU,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Megaupload&lt;/strong&gt;, uno de los mayores sitios de la web para el intercambio de archivos, fue desactivado a instancias del FBI, según informó el&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.publico.es/culturas/417601/mas-de-60-000-paginas-secundaron-el-apagon-de-internet-en-eeuu" style="color: #346da4; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;em style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Los sitios asociados&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Megavideo y Megaporn&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;también fueron afectados por el bloqueo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;No obstante, fuentes citadas por el WSJ aseguraron que la operación nada tuvo que ver con la protesta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;Tras dos años de investigación, agentes del FBI detuvieron a siete personas acusadas de delitos de piratería en Internet. Los cargos incluyen&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;conspiración para cometer delitos y violación de derechos de autor&lt;/strong&gt;. El Departamento de Justicia acusa a seis de los responsables de estas compañías de crimen organizado y asegura que son "responsables" de "piratería masiva en todo el mundo de diferentes tipos de obras protegidas por derechos de propiedad intelectual". Además, en el comunicado difundido este jueves, se asegura que estas páginas han generado más de 175 millones de dólares en actividades delictivas y que han causado "más de 500 mil&amp;nbsp;millones de dólares en daños a los propietarios de las obras protegidas".&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;En total, el FBI ha presentado cargos contra siete personas. Cuatro de ellas se hallan ya bajo arresto. Se trata, entre otros, del fundador de la empresa, Kim Dotcom (alias Kim Schmitz, Kim Tim Jim Vestor y Mathias Ortmann); el jefe de ventas y marketing Fin Batato; y el director de desarrollo Sven Echternach.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;El sitio aseguró, hace apenas una semana en entrevista con el&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Nouvel observateur&lt;/em&gt;, que tenía mil millones de usuarios, lo que representa 4% de Internet. Se defendían de las acusaciones de piratería diciendo que sólo eran un sitio de almacenamiento, "&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;somos vuestro disco duro a distancia&lt;/strong&gt;", dijo Emmanuel Gadaix, director técnico y vocero de Megaupload.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Megaupload.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ya está involucrada en una disputa legal con&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Universal Music Group.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;El pasado diciembre, Megaupload lanzó un video en el que grandes estrellas de la música, que trabajan con las mayores discográficas del mundo, mostraban su apoyo al servicio. Entre&amp;nbsp;los artistas que hablaban de las ventajas de Megaupload estaban&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;P Diddy, Will.i.am, Alicia Keys, Snoop Dogg, Kanye West o Lil John&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Si bien la operación se produce un día después de que una serie de páginas web protestaran por la iniciativa SOPA, que busca promulgar una ley que permita bloquear páginas web extranjeras que perjudiquen obras protegidas por derechos de autor, fuentes policiales citadas por el&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;WSJ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;aseguran, sin embargo, que no hay conexión entre esta operación, llevaba a cabo tras una investigación de dos años, y la polémica sobre la SOPA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Megaupload,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;que desde la tarde del jueves se encuentra inaccesible,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;es una de las más importantes páginas web de intercambio de archivos del mundo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Está en funcionamiento desde&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;2005&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;y permite "subir" todo tipo de archivos que después pueden ser descargados en cualquier otro ordenador. Asimismo, Megavideo permite a cualquier usuario publicar videos que después pueden visualizarse en cualquier parte, como hace&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;YouTube&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Ambas páginas web han sido señaladas por las compañías de contenidos por facilitar la descarga y visualización de obras protegidas por derechos de autor. Ambos sitios, que muchos consideran centros de las descargas no autorizadas de música, películas, series o libros protegidos, ha sido perseguidos por la industria del porno, las autoridades inglesas, francesas, italianas e incluso estadounidenses, Google y la RIAA a través de Mastercard, entre otras.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;Hasta ahora, la compañía había resistido amparada en que, además de alojar contenido protegido por derechos de autor, había muchos usuarios que utilizaban el servicio de intercambio de archivos de forma&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;legítima y privada&lt;/strong&gt;. Además, no dudaba en eliminar todo el contenido susceptible de estar protegido que las compañías reclamaban.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/VILEYCWim-x_nzoCAYlbKgAfFsc/1/da"&gt;&lt;img src="http://feedads.g.doubleclick.net/~a/VILEYCWim-x_nzoCAYlbKgAfFsc/1/di" border="0" ismap="true"&gt;&lt;/img&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~4/kVz3XC_meB0" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/feeds/4505948833291016697/comments/default" title="Post Comments" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4587998847033873398&amp;postID=4505948833291016697" title="0 Comments" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/4505948833291016697?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4587998847033873398/posts/default/4505948833291016697?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/blogspot/cRSlP/~3/kVz3XC_meB0/cierre-de-megaupload.html" title="Cierre de megaupload" /><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05807797400752431382</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="32" height="32" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T-CJVInhkOI/Ti3vj-xZ2aI/AAAAAAAAB88/CJQIbXq1Z6Y/s220/photo.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://medicina-general-familiar.blogspot.com/2012/01/cierre-de-megaupload.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkcCQnwyeyp7ImA9WhRVGUo.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4587998847033873398.post-230256486483661250</id><published>2012-01-19T10:01:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T10:01:03.293-03:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T10:01:03.293-03:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nuclear weapon" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Weapons" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="United States" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kelpers" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nuclear" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Iran" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Malvinas" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Falklands" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Iran Nuclear Program" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Argentina" /><title>I see this movie.....we don`t want any war</title><content type="html">&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;iframe width="480" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ba2_83QWdrM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=51.5,-0.116666666667&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=51.5,-0.116666666667%20(United%20Kingdom)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="United Kingdom"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt; is sending a nuclear submarin to the south pacific in order to "protect" Malvinas from &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-34.6,-58.3833333333&amp;amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;amp;q=-34.6,-58.3833333333%20(Argentina)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Argentina"&gt;Argentina&lt;/a&gt;. We are a country without weapons, no &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" rel="wikipedia" title="Nuclear weapon"&gt;nuclear bombs&lt;/a&gt;, so most of us hate the war in any country. Really, we don`t want no more want. We want to see the future, we want to be free even from our past. Financial crisis is trying to be hidden by another war by UK. Just again, we don`t need a war. We fight for our present and our future. And that`s all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://alethonews.wordpress.com/2011/12/23/uk-flexes-nuclear-muscles-against-argentina/"&gt;UK flexes nuclear muscles against Argentina&lt;/a&gt; (alethonews.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://fidlerten.com/2012/01/18/the-thirst-for-oil-and-nuclear-annihilation/"&gt;The Thirst for Oil and Nuclear Annihilation&lt;/a&gt; (fidlerten.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/01/this-day-in-history-january-17th-a-b-52g-bomber-collides-with-another-plane-over-spain-dropping-four-nuclear-bombs-on-accident/"&gt;January 17th: A B-52G Bomber Collides with Another Plane Over Spain, Dropping Four Nuclear Bombs on Accident&lt;/a&gt; (todayifoundout.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/rssReference.php?headline=Iran+nuclear+bomb+still+far+off%3A+US&amp;amp;NewsID=315805"&gt;Iran nuclear bomb still far off: US&lt;/a&gt; (thehimalayantimes.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://tarpon.wordpress.com/2012/01/16/iran-closer-to-bomb-than-world-realizes/"&gt;Iran Closer to Bomb Than World Realizes?&lt;/a&gt; (tarpon.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://io9.com/5874089/live-life-like-a-bond-villain-in-your-very-own-nuclear-bomb+proof-satellite-tracking-station"&gt;Live like a Bond villain in your very own nuclear bomb-proof satellite tracking station [Space]&lt;/a&gt; (io9.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.inquisitr.com/178337/iranian-and-venezuelan-presidents-joke-about-nuclear-bombs/"&gt;Iranian and Venezuelan Presidents Joke About Nuclear Bombs&lt;/a&gt; (inquisitr.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://r.zemanta.com/?u=http%3A//www.time.com/time/world/article/0%2C8599%2C2104184%2C00.html%3Fxid%3Drss-topstories&amp;amp;a=70514256&amp;amp;rid=c430852b-1d67-4591-afbd-377f26675a48&amp;amp;e=1688333ab82999bd32ea6011f292b57f"&gt;Bomb Kills Iranian Nuclear Expert&lt;/a&gt; (time.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/iran-to-make-its-nuclear-production-bombproof-20111215-1owyn.html"&gt;Iran to make its nuclear production bomb-proof&lt;/a&gt; (smh.com.au)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/4070387/David-Cameron-vows-to-defend-Falklands.html"&gt;David Cameron vows to defend Falklands&lt;/a&gt; (thesun.co.uk)&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;h1 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;AVC | Artículo valorado críticamente:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Newton AS, Gokiert R, Mabood N, Ata N, Dong K, Ali S&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;. Instruments to detect alcohol and other &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse" rel="wikipedia" title="Substance abuse"&gt;drug misuse&lt;/a&gt; in the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department" rel="wikipedia" title="Emergency department"&gt;emergency department&lt;/a&gt;: a &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review" rel="wikipedia" title="Systematic review"&gt;systematic review&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21646259" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Pediatrics. 2011;128:e180-92&lt;/a&gt;. D.O.I.: 10.1542/peds.2010-3727.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: white; color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Revisores:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;González Rodríguez MP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;, Velarde Mayol C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;sup style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;CS Barrio del Pilar. Área 5. Madrid (España).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;sup style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;CS de Segovia 1. Segovia. (España).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="background-color: white; clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Correspondencia&lt;/em&gt;: María Paz González Rodríguez. Correo electrónico:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="mailto:pazgonz@gmail.com" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;pazgonz@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Palabras clave:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmwFVAk-vwsuifV6jZ-76kbW6Qx35T6Y8NojVVaJrTCc7UmkBhFHAtgQu6MKuz_NOUI" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;adolescente&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmwREBN3-80y_8vz9kBRgJcVcszQb06_AfK94xUKJ_sxWA1QV9b3G8Yc" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;conducta adolescente&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmx17U1TWBK70ALAh56_SGDyoeG-c1Zk-whmkxb-j3LJ9MuMJGuJtylKSL0l4cIpoK4" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;cuestionario&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmyhA3H82l9N3xttPQfrpr88r-n19ndsAko-SAN1BsKtDcgvuJ_939RUQUvFakCtU78" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;detección de drogas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmwFVAk-vwsuifV6jZ-76kbW6Qx35T6Y8NojVVaJrTCc7UmkBhFHAtgQu6MKuz_NOUI" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;adolescent&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmwREBN3-80y_8vz9kBRgJcVcszQb06_AfK94xUKJ_sxWA1QV9b3G8Yc" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;adolescent behavior&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmx17U1TWBK70ALAh56_SGDyoeG-c1Zk-whmkxb-j3LJ9MuMJGuJtylKSL0l4cIpoK4" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;questionnaires&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="keywordLink lowercase" href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es/ListaArticulos/_lukXXz-ZZwFQ2rYFPAhwzKWD_2B799dyXjwXvXfWbmyhA3H82l9N3xttPQfrpr88r-n19ndsAko-SAN1BsKtDcgvuJ_939RUQUvFakCtU78" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;substance abuse detection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; text-align: -webkit-auto; width: auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: white; color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Fecha de recepción:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="lowercase" style="background-color: white; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;19/12/2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: white; color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Fecha de aceptación:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="lowercase" style="background-color: white; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;17/01/2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: white; color: #006699; font: normal normal bold 12px/normal Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Fecha de publicación:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="lowercase" style="background-color: white; text-transform: lowercase;"&gt;18/01/2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: white; color: #006699; line-height: 14px;"&gt;Objetivo:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; line-height: 14px;"&gt;evaluar la fiabilidad, validez y precisión diagnóstica de los test que detectan el abuso de alcohol y otras drogas en pacientes jóvenes que acuden a los servicios de urgencias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Fuentes de datos:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;la búsqueda se realizó en 14 bases de datos (que incluían Medline y Embase). Los estudios no publicados se consultaron en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Clinicatrials.gov&lt;/a&gt;. Se revisaron las citas bibliográficas, las publicaciones más importantes, y los resúmenes de conferencias. En algún caso, se contactó con los autores. El periodo fue de 1985-2010, con restricción a los idiomas inglés y francés.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Selección de los estudios:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se incluyeron los estudios que valoraban la validez y fiabilidad de los estudios psicométricos y la sensibilidad y especificidad de los estudios diagnósticos. Debían de ser realizados en el servicio de urgencias, en jóvenes de hasta 21 años.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Análisis de datos:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;la calidad de los estudios psicométricos se valoró mediante la lista-guía versión modificada de Downs and Black (rigor de los estudios psicométricos). La calidad de los estudios de diagnóstico se valoró con la lista-guía QUADAS&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(Quality Assement of Diagnosis Accuracy Studies),&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;siendo el patrón de referencia los pacientes diagnosticados de abuso o dependencia de alcohol o drogas, según los criterios del DSM-III-R o el DSM-IV. La valoración la realizaron dos revisores. Los desacuerdos se resolvieron por consenso o con un tercer&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;revisor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Las pruebas diagnósticas se evaluaron con el análisis de sensibilidad, especificidad y los cocientes de probabilidad (CP)&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#nota1" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;*&lt;/a&gt;. Cuando fue posible, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Resultados principales:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;de 1545 estudios, se incluyeron seis (año 2000-2009), que aportaron 11 cuestionarios, todos validados en Estados Unidos. Los motivos de consulta de los jóvenes fueron variados, aunque en ningún estudio se incluyeron los que acudieron a urgencias únicamente con problemas por consumo de sustancias. La fiabilidad interobservador (kappa = 0,87) y el QUADAS obtuvieron puntuaciones altas, pero no había cegamiento en la interpretación de los resultados, ni información sobre la administración de los cuestionarios o las pérdidas. El test más eficaz para detectar problemas por el consumo de alcohol fue uno de dos preguntas, basadas en el DSM-IV: “Durante el pasado año, ¿ha estado en alguna ocasión bajo la influencia del alcohol en situaciones que podría haber causado un accidente u otro daño?” “¿ha habido veces en que ha bebido más de lo que pretendía?” La sensibilidad fue de 0,88 y la especificidad de 0,90. El CP+ de 8,80 y el CP– 0,13. Los jóvenes que respondieron que sí, en al menos una de estas dos preguntas, tuvieron ocho veces más probabilidades de ser diagnosticados de abuso o dependencia al alcohol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;El test más eficaz para detectar problemas por el consumo de cannabis, fue la pregunta basada en el cuestionario DISC: “¿cuántas veces ha consumido cannabis en el último año?” El responder ≥ 2 consumos al año, tuvo una sensibilidad de 0,96 y especificidad 0,86. CP+: 6,83 (IC 95%: 5,31 a 8,80) y CP–: 0,05 (IC 95%: 0,02 a 0,16).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Conclusión:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;con las pruebas disponibles, es recomendable que en jóvenes que acudan a urgencias, se utilice un cuestionario con dos preguntas para detectar abuso de alcohol y con una pregunta para detectar el abuso de cannabis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Conflicto de intereses:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;ninguno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Fuente de financiación:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;beca Knowledge Syntesis 200805KRS del Instituto Canadiense de Investigaciones en Salud (CHIR).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="" name="nota1" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;*CP+: se considera evidencia fuerte &amp;gt; 10, evidencia moderada 5-10, débil 2 a 5, y cambio no significativo de 0,5 a 2. CP: se consideró evidencia fuerte &amp;lt; 0,1, moderada 0,1 a 0,2 y débil 0,2 a 0,5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #a99044; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Comentario Crítico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Justificación:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas afecta a grupos cada vez más jóvenes&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;1-2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. La droga ilegal más consumida en España es el cannabis&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Los jóvenes pueden conocer los efectos del consumo a corto plazo, pero no son conscientes del riesgo de dependiencia y abuso a largo plazo&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. En muchas ocasiones, los padres conocen que sus hijos consumen, cuando se produce un problema que precisa ser atendido en el servicio de urgencias. Cuanto antes se detecte el consumo, más fácil es intervenir y prevenir consumos mayores. Por ello sería útil el poder disponer de pruebas fiables y sencillas de aplicar en el ámbito de las urgencias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Validez:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;es una revisión sistemática bien planteada en cuando a los criterios de selección, búsqueda y los métodos de análisis. El patrón de referencia elegido (criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV) puede ofrecer dudas sobre la generalización de los resultados a la detección de problemas relacionados con el consumo. El objetivo del estudio es detectar el uso inadecuado de alcohol&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(misuse)&lt;/em&gt;, término empleado al hablar de consumo en jóvenes, más amplio que el de abuso&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(abuse)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;y dependencia&lt;em&gt;(dependence)&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;del DSM-IV. Sin embargo, los resultados hacen referencia indistintamente a los tres términos&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;(dependence, misuse, abuse),&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;lo que resulta confuso a la hora de interpretar los resultados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Se incluyeron los&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;test&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;más importantes validados en EE. UU. para la deteccion del consumo de drogas. La principal limitación es que solo incluyó publicaciones en inglés y francés, no tiene encuenta las publicaciones de países como latinoamerica (LILACS) y España, donde el consumo de alcohol es elevado (según la Organización Panmericana de Salud, el consumo es un 40% mayor que en el resto del mundo&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Esto disminuye su aplicabilidad. La heterogeneidad entre estudios (población encuestada, diferentes cuestionarios) impidió realizar un metaanálisis. La validacion de los test diagnósticos se realizó con el DSM-IV y cuando un test obtiene la mayor fiabilidad, la pregunta es igual que en el DSM-IV, lo que sobreestima la validez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Importancia clínica:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;los jóvenes que respondieron “sí” a alguna de las dos preguntas del test abreviado tuvieron ocho veces más probabilidad de tener problemas relacionados con el abuso de alcohol. Si respondieron ≥ 2 al cuestionario DISC, tenían siete veces más probabilidad de diagnóstico de abuso de cannabis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Para conocer la magnitud de este hecho en nuestro medio, sería preciso conocer la prevalencia de abuso de alcohol en este tramo de edad. Si utilizamos una prevalencia estimada del 36%&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, supone un riesgo si responde afirmativamente de 83,2% y si responde negativamente de 6,8%. Además, los datos disponibles informan de patrones de consumo que tienen que ver con altos consumos los fines de semana y la asociacion con borracheras, hábitos no incluidos en la clasificación del abuso de alcohol del DSM-IV. Es decir, que aunque el test propuesto detectase el abuso, no detectaría otros patrones de consumo de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos relacionados con el consumo de alcohol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Entre los cuestionarios más utilizados para la deteccion del abuso y dependencia de alcohol y drogas en los jóvenes, se encuentra el cuestionario AUDIT&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;7&amp;nbsp;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;desarrollado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud de diez ítems, y el cuestionario CRAFFT&lt;a href="http://www.evidenciasenpediatria.es//DetalleArticulo/_LLP3k9qgzIh7aNQBiadwmURYxhBxvNhwvGXkR5mcbFPK3ToL4CVJGNdMjAFbkHYlg3aO59EoVGnz4MkJUn-EFw#bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup style="display: inline; float: none; line-height: 4px; margin-left: 0px; vertical-align: 100%; width: auto;"&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;recomendado por la Academia Americana de Pediatría de seis ítems. Pero estos test requieren tiempo, motivo por el que es recomendable buscar otros cuestionarios mas abreviados en los servicios de urgencias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;Aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;la utilización del test propuesto, detectaría abuso de alcohol, pero excluiría a jóvenes que tienen consumos problemáticos mucho más prevalentes. No obstante, podría ser de utilidad disponer de un test sencillo y fiable para la deteccion de consumos de riesgo que se puedan realizar en los servicios de urgencias. Esta detección debería acompañarse de una intervención que prevenga el desarrollo de trastornos relacionados con el consumo de sustancias. No obstante, antes de aplicar estas preguntas deberían validarse en nuestro medio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="" name="bibliografia" style="color: #000066; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #a99044; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Cómo citar este artículo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;González Rodríguez MP, Velarde Mayol C. En urgencias podemos sospechar el abuso de alcohol o cannabis con una o dos preguntas sencillas. Evid Pediatr. 2012;8:9.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class="epigrafe-header" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #a99044; font: normal normal normal 18px/normal 'Arial Narrow', 'Arial MT Condensed Light', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Bibliografía&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 940px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style="line-height: 14px;"&gt;&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;EDADES 2005-6. Encuesta Domiciliaria Estatal sobre Alcohol y Drogas en España. Delegación Nacional del Gobierno para el PNSD [en línea][fecha de consulta: 2 - I - 2012]. Disponible en:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.pnsd.msc.es/Categoria2/observa/pdf/Domiciliaria2007.pdf" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.pnsd.msc.es/Categoria2/observa/pdf/Domiciliaria2007.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;ESTUDES 2008. Encuesta Estatal sobre el Uso de Drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias. Delegación Nacional del Gobierno para el PNSD [en línea][fecha de consulta: 2 - I - 2012]. Disponible en:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.google.es/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=estrategia%20nacional%20sobre%20drogas&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=0CCkQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnsd.msc.es%2Fnovedades%2Fpdf%2FEstrategiaPNSD2009-2016.pdf&amp;amp;ei=DSoVT5KlFoeXhQeq-cGgDA&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNE-Z6QPta8iLWjG7WL5HrPWyyMtFg&amp;amp;sig2=ibE9b2rWcCWNdeShC1IUSA&amp;amp;cad=rja" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.pnsd.msc.es/Categoria2/observa/pdf/Estudes2008.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.google.es/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=estrategia%20nacional%20sobre%20drogas&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;ved=0CCkQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnsd.msc.es%2Fnovedades%2Fpdf%2FEstrategiaPNSD2009-2016.pdf&amp;amp;ei=DSoVT5KlFoeXhQeq-cGgDA&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNE-Z6QPta8iLWjG7WL5HrPWyyMtFg&amp;amp;sig2=ibE9b2rWcCWNdeShC1IUSA&amp;amp;cad=rja" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong style="color: #006699;"&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Estrategia Nacional sobre Drogas.&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;2009-2016. Edita: Delegación del Gobierno para Plan Nacional de Drogas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Almazán Ortega R, Sousa Vila E, Fernández Soto N, Mate Sánchez FJ. Prevalencia y patrones de consumo de alcohol en una población de adolescentes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Almazan+Ortega[first+author]&amp;amp;cmd=detailssearch" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Aten Primaria. 2006;38:465-6&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Monteiro, Maristela G. Alcohol y Salud pública en las Américas. Un caso para la acción. Washington, D.C:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.google.es/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=alcohol%20y%20salud%20publica%20en%20las%20americas&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;sqi=2&amp;amp;ved=0CCoQFjAA&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paho.org%2Fspanish%2Fdd%2Fpin%2FA%26SP.pdf&amp;amp;ei=_IDLTrO0EoS08QPIwZn3Dw&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNHrCGyNELkX2FtIzTHm5GJpElQaFQ&amp;amp;sig2=lT0aNbtlo4PjS6hm1TqXxA&amp;amp;cad=rja" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Organización Panamericana de la Salud&lt;/a&gt;;2007.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Kelly TM, Donovan JE, Chung T, Bukstein OG, Cornelius JR. Brief screens for detecting alcohol use disorder among 18-20 year old young adults in emergency departments: comparing AUDIT-C, CRAFFT, RAPS4-QF, FAST, RUFT-Cut, and DSM-IV 2-Item Scale.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398161" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Addict Behav. 2009;34:668–74.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Manual de adiciones para médicos especialistas en formación. Cesar Pereiro Gómez.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.socidrogalcohol.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=16:manual-de-adicciones-para-medicos-especialis" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Socidrogalcohol. Delegación del Gobierno del Plan Nacional sobre drogas.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style="float: none; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Substance use screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for pediatricians. American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042818" style="color: #003366; cursor: pointer; float: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Pediatrics. 2011;128;e1330-40&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;h6 class="kicker" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Source: nEW YORK TIME&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;h6 class="kicker" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;THE MEDIA EQUATION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;h1 class="articleHeadline" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.083em; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;nyt_headline type=" " version="1.0"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The Danger of an Attack on Piracy Online&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nyt_headline&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;nyt_byline style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;"&gt;&lt;h6 class="byline" style="color: grey; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px;"&gt;By&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class="meta-per" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/david_carr/index.html?inline=nyt-per" rel="author" style="color: #666699; text-decoration: none;" title="More Articles by David Carr"&gt;DAVID CARR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;/nyt_byline&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h6 class="dateline" style="background-color: white; color: grey; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Published: January 1, 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;div class="articleTools" id="articleToolsTop" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; float: right; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; width: 132px;"&gt;&lt;div class="box" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 232, 233); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(234, 232, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(234, 232, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(234, 232, 233); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: relative;"&gt;&lt;div class="inset" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;ul class="toolsList wrap" id="toolsList" style="list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 14px; margin-right: 12px; margin-top: 9px; padding-left: 0px;"&gt;&lt;li id="facebook_item" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0.45em; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 232, 233); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px; text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;&lt;a href="" id="facebook_button" style="background-image: url(http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/facebook.gif); background-position: -1px -1px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; display: block; line-height: 13px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;RECOMMEND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; margin-top: 1.5em;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Stay with me here.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;SOPA deals with technical digital issues that may seem to be a sideshow but could become crucial to American media and technology businesses and the people who consume their products. The legislation is the rare broadly bipartisan piece of apple pie. The House Judiciary Committee is expected to resume hearings on it this month and all indications are that it will approve the measure, setting up a vote in the full chamber. The Senate is also expected to vote on its own version of the bill when it returns from the holiday break.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Virtually every traditional media company in the United States loudly and enthusiastically supports SOPA, but that doesn’t mean it’s good for the rest of us. The open consumer Web has been a motor of American innovation and the attempt to curtail some of its excesses could throw sand in the works of a big machine on which we have all come to rely.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Rather than launch into a long-winded argument about why the legislation is a bad idea — it is, as currently written — I thought it might be worthwhile to boil SOPA down into a series of questions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A NONEXISTENT PROBLEM?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Hardly. Regardless of what Web evangelists tell you, SOPA is an effort to get at the very real problem of rogue Web sites — most operating from overseas — offering illicit downloads of movies, music and more. The Motion Picture Association of America&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.mpaa.org/resources/5a0a212e-c86b-4e9a-abf1-2734a15862cd.pdf" style="color: #666699;" title="News release from the M.P.A.A."&gt;cites figures&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;saying that piracy costs the United States $58 billion annually.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Mark Elliot, an executive from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/19/opinion/rogue-web-sites.html" style="color: #666699;" title="The letter from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce."&gt;said in a letter&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;to The New York Times that such piracy threatened 19 million American jobs. Those figures surely include some politically motivated hyperbole, but anybody who has spent time around a twentysomething consumer knows that piracy is a thorny fact of life for content companies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;In an effort to stanch the flow, on Oct. 26 Representative Lamar Smith, Republican of Texas,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.3261:" style="color: #666699;" title="The text of H.R. 3261, introduced by Mr. Smith."&gt;introduced the legislation&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that has come to be known as SOPA. The Senate version,&lt;a href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:S.968:" style="color: #666699;" title="The Library of Congress text of the bill."&gt;called the Protect IP Act,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;is seen by tech companies as less onerous because it targets domain name providers and ad networks and not Internet service providers. Both bills seek to create remedies to pirated content because most of the foreign-based sites operate outside of the United States’ legal system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WOULD IT FIX THE PROBLEM?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Probably not, and even if it made some progress toward reining in rogue sites, the collateral damage would be significant. Under the terms of each proposed bill, the federal Department of Justice, as well as copyright holders, could seek a court order against a Web site that illegally hosts copyrighted content and then wall off the site permanently.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Under the House version, private companies would be allowed to sue Internet service providers for hosting content that they say infringes on copyright. That represents a very big change in the current law as codified in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which grants immunity to Web sites as long as they act in good faith to take down infringing content upon notification.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WHY ALL THE ALARM?&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;The bill has exposed a growing fracture between technology and entertainment companies. Digitally oriented companies see SOPA as dangerous and potentially destructive to the open Web and a step toward the kind of intrusive Internet regulation that has made China a global villain to citizens of the Web.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Entertainment companies think that technology companies are aiding and abetting thieves on a broad scale, but the legislation is alarming in its reach, potentially creating a blacklist of sites and taking aim at others for unknowingly hosting a small fraction of copyrighted material. In a joint letter to Congress, Google, Facebook, Twitter, AOL, Yahoo, eBay and many other companies made it clear that they perceived a broader threat in the effort to thwart pirate sites.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;“We support the bills’ stated goals — providing additional enforcement tools to combat foreign ‘rogue’ Web sites that are dedicated to copyright infringement or counterfeiting,” the letter read, which&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://boingboing.net/2011/11/16/internet-giants-place-full-pag.html" style="color: #666699;" title="Text of the ad."&gt;was published in a full page ad&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in The Times.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;“Unfortunately, the bills as drafted would expose law-abiding U.S. Internet and technology companies to new uncertain liabilities, private rights of action and technology mandates that would require monitoring of Web sites.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Laurence H. Tribe, the noted First Amendment lawyer,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/75153093/Tribe-Legis-Memo-on-SOPA-12-6-11-1" style="color: #666699;" title="Mr. Tribe’s letter."&gt;said in an open letter&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on the Web that SOPA would “undermine the openness and free exchange of information at the heart of the Internet. And it would violate the First Amendment.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;You can see why big Internet guys are upset by SOPA. Maybe you and I should be, too.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WHY THE POLITICAL SUPPORT?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Various amendments intended to tone down SOPA or limit its damage were voted down by large majorities in the House Judiciary Committee in mid-December, an indication that the indignation of various constituencies on the Web is having little impact.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;That’s partly because entertainment companies have deep and long-lasting relationships inside the Beltway. Maplight, a site that researches the influence of money in politics, reported that the 32 sponsors of the legislation&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://maplight.org/content/72896" style="color: #666699;" title="The Maplight report."&gt;received four times as much&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in contributions from the entertainment industry as they did from software and Internet companies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;There is also a cultural divide at work, according to Yancey Strickler, one of the founders of Kickstarter, a Web site that helps raise funds for creative projects, and a critic of SOPA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;“The schism between content creators and platforms like Kickstarter, Tumblr and YouTube is generational,” he wrote in an e-mail. “It’s people who grew up on the Web versus people who still don’t use it. In Washington, they simply don’t see the way that the Web has completely reconfigured society across classes, education and race. The Internet isn’t real to them yet.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;The debate has highlighted how little Congress knows about the Internet they are proposing to re-tool. In a piece often cited on the Web, the computer culture journalist Joshua Kopstein watched the debate in Congress in which members bragged about their online ignorance, and he&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://motherboard.vice.com/2011/12/16/dear-congress-it-s-no-longer-ok-to-not-know-how-the-internet-works" style="color: #666699;" title="The letter on Motherboard."&gt;wrote an open letter&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on the technology Web site Motherboard titled, “Dear Congress, It’s No Longer O.K. to Not Know How the Internet Works.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Whether they know what they are doing or not, lawmakers seem intent on moving forward.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Congressional supporters of piracy legislation have been in a big hurry because the Web is starting to come alive with opposition — nearly 90,000 Tumblr users have phoned members of Congress and more than a million people have signed&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.avaaz.org/en/save_the_internet" style="color: #666699;" title="The onlinei petition."&gt;an online petition&lt;/a&gt;protesting the legislation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Last week, in a much talked about blog post,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.cnet.com/profile/declan00/" style="color: #666699;" title="His profile on CNet.com."&gt;Declan McCullagh&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;of CNet&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-57349540-281/sopa-opponents-may-go-nuclear-and-other-2012-predictions/" style="color: #666699;" title="Mr. McCullagh’s article on CNet."&gt;speculated that&lt;/a&gt;even though big Web companies like Google, Amazon and Facebook are outgunned in terms of political connections, they have the capability to turn their sites into billboards denouncing SOPA and utilizing their close, constant relationship with consumers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;I like my movies (and music and television) as much as the next couch potato, probably more. And I wouldn’t steal content for any reason, in part because I make a living generating a fair amount of it. But it’s worth remembering that the film industry initially opposed the video cassette recorder and the introduction of DVDs, platforms that became very lucrative businesses for them and remarkable conveniences for the rest of us.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Given both Congress’s and the entertainment industry’s historically wobbly grasp of technology, I don’t think they should be the ones re-engineering the Internet. The rest of us might have to just hold our noses and learn enough about SOPA to school them in why it’s a bad idea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;nyt_author_id&gt;&lt;/nyt_author_id&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="authorIdentification" style="margin-bottom: 2.8em;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;E-mail: carr@nytimes.com;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.467em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Twitter.com/carr2n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;nyt_correction_bottom&gt;&lt;div class="articleCorrection" style="margin-bottom: 2.8em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="italic" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Correction: January 5, 2012&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;span class="italic" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;The Media Equation column on Monday, about legislative measures to curb online piracy, misspelled the surname of a founder of the Web site Kickstarter, who commented on the effort. He is Yancey Strickler, not Stickler.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; line-height: 1.467em; margin-bottom: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nyt_correction_bottom&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nextlevelofnews.com/2012/01/david-carr-the-danger-of-an-attack-on-piracy-online-sopa.html"&gt;David Carr: The danger of an attack on piracy online (SOPA)&lt;/a&gt; (nextlevelofnews.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.npr.org/2011/12/28/144073696/david-carr-a-media-omnivore-discusses-his-diet?ft=1&amp;amp;f=1006"&gt;David Carr: A Media Omnivore Discusses His Diet&lt;/a&gt; (npr.org)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.npr.org/2011/12/28/144073696/david-carr-a-media-omnivore-discusses-his-diet?ft=1&amp;amp;f=1001"&gt;David Carr: A Media Omnivore Discusses His Diet&lt;/a&gt; (npr.org)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://policyabcs.wordpress.com/2011/12/26/rules-for-the-new-ways-of-watching-david-carr-nytimes-com/"&gt;Rules for the New Ways of Watching - David Carr - NYTimes.com&lt;/a&gt; (policyabcs.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://r.zemanta.com/?u=http%3A//www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-57360563-501465/rupert-murdoch-continues-to-attack-google-obama-over-sopa/&amp;amp;a=71507124&amp;amp;rid=95cf3c78-6635-4ab5-b015-6abe1c5a0eb4&amp;amp;e=01255d2ed1ca57c1c903eff233790a39"&gt;Rupert Murdoch continues to attack Google, Obama over SOPA&lt;/a&gt; (cbsnews.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://thewritershelp.wordpress.com/2012/01/18/website-was-seized-by-the-u-s-government/"&gt;website was SEIZED by the U.S. government&lt;/a&gt; (thewritershelp.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.france24.com/en/20120115-murdoch-criticizes-obama-twitter"&gt;You: Murdoch criticizes Obama on Twitter&lt;/a&gt; (france24.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://r.zemanta.com/?u=http%3A//news.sky.com/home/technology/article/16151329&amp;amp;a=71543681&amp;amp;rid=95cf3c78-6635-4ab5-b015-6abe1c5a0eb4&amp;amp;e=80ad41e8ad50b1d94ecd635f8048374a"&gt;Anti-Piracy Law Protest Sees Wikipedia Go Dark&lt;/a&gt; (news.sky.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.theawl.com/2011/12/have-you-started-running-out-the-clock-yet"&gt;Have You Started Running Out The Clock Yet?&lt;/a&gt; (theawl.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://r.zemanta.com/?u=http%3A//mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/carr-and-stelter-on-wikipedias-day-of-protest/&amp;amp;a=71438065&amp;amp;rid=95cf3c78-6635-4ab5-b015-6abe1c5a0eb4&amp;amp;e=511a51ba5cd7054a0722d798b2eddedc"&gt;Carr and Stelter on Wikipedia's Day of Protest&lt;/a&gt; (mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-pixie" style="height: 15px; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://www.zemanta.com/" title="Enhanced by Zemanta"&gt;&lt;img alt="Enhanced by Zemanta" class="zemanta-pixie-img" src="http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=95cf3c78-6635-4ab5-b015-6abe1c5a0eb4" style="border: none; float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;!--
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&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Fuente: Enrique Gavilan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Via: Lista MEDFAM-APS España&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;El &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://jama.ama-assn.org/" rel="homepage" title="Journal of the American Medical Association"&gt;JAMA&lt;/a&gt; acaba de publicar un artículo de análisis, que adjunto,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;intentando discutir las consecuencias que puede tener el reciente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;informe de expertos norteamericanos sobre detección precoz de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;hipercolesterolemia en niños y adolescentes (éste:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cvd_ped/summary.htm#chap9" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #1155cc; text-align: -webkit-auto;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;guidelines/cvd_ped/summary.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;htm#chap9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Sólo se salvan los bebés; a partir de los 2 añitos el sólo hecho de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;que tengas un padre con un infarto antes de los 55 años hace que te&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;lleves como mínimo 2 pinchazos para medir la &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/ldl-cholesterol-the-bad-cholesterol" rel="webmd" title="Ldl Cholesterol The Bad Cholesterol"&gt;LDL&lt;/a&gt;. Y a partir de los 9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;años, cribado universal...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;La consecuencia lógica es que se prescriban estatinas a partir de la&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;conjunción de dos astros y unos LDL de entre 130-160. Me quedo frío.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Y todo ello, por la simple aplicación de, de nuevo, silogismos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;fisiopatológicos y sin la más mínima evidencia, según el artículo del&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;JAMA, de que esta estrategia aporte más beneficios que riesgos. Salvo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;por el uso indebido, una vez más, de variables surrogadas, como el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;LDL.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Vale la pena leer el artículo, vale la pena...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Cuando sale este tema de los colesteroles en los niños siempre me&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;acuerdo de la anécdota que Petr Skranabek nos cuenta sobre la pequeña&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;Ariel y el helado furtivo. Vale la pena leerlo...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /&gt;&lt;a href="http://books.google.es/books?id=w_mdjxW5rjgC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=es#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=helado&amp;amp;f=false" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #1155cc; text-align: -webkit-auto;" target="_blank"&gt;http://books.google.es/books?&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;id=w_mdjxW5rjgC&amp;amp;printsec=&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;frontcover&amp;amp;hl=es#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;helado&amp;amp;f=false&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://es.scribd.com/doc/78668156/Universal-Screening-Treatment-Lipids-Children" style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto; text-decoration: underline;" title="View Universal Screening Treatment Lipids Children on Scribd"&gt;Universal Screening Treatment Lipids Children&lt;/a&gt;&lt;object data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" height="500" id="doc_378031505517878" name="doc_378031505517878" style="outline: none;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="100%"&gt;  &lt;param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="opaque"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=78668156&amp;access_key=key-1386qn9jr0asu8rl5bx0&amp;page=1&amp;viewMode=list"&gt;&lt;embed id="doc_378031505517878" name="doc_378031505517878" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=78668156&amp;access_key=key-1386qn9jr0asu8rl5bx0&amp;page=1&amp;viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="500" width="100%" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt; &lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;Salud. Clinimetria&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; float: right; font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;&lt;ins style="border-bottom-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; border-left-color: currentcolor; border-right-color: currentcolor; border-style: initial; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-width: initial; display: inline-table; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 280px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 336px;"&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ins style="border-bottom-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; border-left-color: currentcolor; border-right-color: currentcolor; border-style: initial; border-top-color: currentcolor; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 280px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 336px;"&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Por Alfredo Zurita*&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un colega después de leer mi nota anterior sobre el falso cáncer de la presidenta me sugiere la conveniencia de haber incluido teorema de Bayes en la misma, ya que este teorema explica la mayor o menor probabilidad de falsos positivos y negativos al realizar una prueba diagnóstica por la probabilidad previa a la prueba. Se trata de un teorema enunciado en 1763 por un matemático inglés. Lo intentare en esta nota.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.917969); color: #222222; font-family: tahoma, 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;"&gt;Sabemos desde tiempo inmemorial que algunos médicos son mejores que otros, y esta cualidad está ligada a su capacidad de razonar. El caso mas conocido es el profesor de medicina que inspiró el personaje de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" rel="wikipedia" title="Sherlock Holmes"&gt;Sherlock Holmes&lt;/a&gt;, muy citado en todo texto sobre razonamiento medico, y creado por uno de los discípulos de este profesor, novelista además de medico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Enseñamos anatomía, y muchas otras cosas a los &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estudiantes_de_Medicina" rel="wikipedia" title="Estudiantes de Medicina"&gt;estudiantes de medicina&lt;/a&gt;, pero no a razonar, puesto no sabemos como es que se razona más o menos bien, y dejamos eso librado a la inteligencia de cada uno. Tampoco se enseña en medicina lógica y matemáticas, las ciencias ligadas al razonamiento, entre otras cosas porque se asume que ya han estudiado esos temas en la secundaria, y quizás también por cuanto los estudiantes dicen decantarse hacia medicina en forma espontánea, al no ser buenos en matemáticas. Aún la regla de tres simple parece a muchos un misterio incomprensible, lo mismo que las formas válidas de los silogismos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Con la finalidad de mejorar los aciertos es de reciente aparición una disciplina, que algunos llaman clinimetria, y es aquí donde aparece el asunto de falsos positivos y negativos, modulados a su vez por el &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/teorema" rel="rottentomatoes" title="Teorema (Theorem)"&gt;Teorema&lt;/a&gt; de Bayes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Como es obvio mientras más exámenes diagnósticos se pidan, más probable es que aparezcan falsos positivos, y estudios realizados pidiendo “todos” los exámenes posibles, han mostrado que el razonamiento clínico es luego muy complejo, y lleva a más errores.&lt;br /&gt;
Deberían por tanto solicitarse solo los exámenes necesarios para el o los diagnósticos que se están considerando, y no una “rutina”, es decir una lista standard, como se acostumbra en los “chequeos”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si el cuadro clínico es muy obvio, o muy atípico, la mayoría de los exámenes no agregarán más que décimas a la precisión diagnostica confirmando, o descartando determinados diagnósticos. En ese caso no valen la pena, y es mas atinado razonar con la certidumbre clínica disponible, y tomar decisiones en consecuencia, o pasar directamente a pruebas de máxima validez. En el caso del cáncer por ejemplo, a la anatomía patológica, lo que se hizo en el caso de la presidenta, aunque aun estas pruebas de máxima validez presentaran falsos positivos de todos modos, que aumentarán si se comienza a hacer anatomía patológica a todo el mundo que tenga “algo” en el cuello, como parece haber pasado en los días posteriores al anuncio.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Esto es la esencia del teorema de Bayes para la medicina, mientras más exámenes se hagan a personas con sospechas muy ligeras, más falsos positivos habrá. Lo que pasaría si se hacen mamografías o papanicolau a todas las mujeres, con la mayor frecuencia posible, y situaciones similares. Más no es en este caso mejor, sino peor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Los exámenes complementarios parecen sobre todo útiles cuando el medico está dudoso entre dos diagnósticos con probabilidades mas o menos similares, y el resultado del examen inclinará hacia uno de ellos. No en otras situaciones, o mucho menos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sin embargo la actual tendencia de juicios esta llevando a lo que se denomina “medicina defensiva”. Pedir exámenes complementarios no necesarios para el diagnostico, sino para cubrirse ante un eventual juicio por mala praxis. El riesgo en este caso, como digo más arriba, es que mas exámenes significan aumentar el número de falsos positivos, con riesgo para la decisión médica posterior. No es una vía que mejorará la medicina, solo la encarecerá, y significará tratar más falsos positivos, con la eventual iatrogenia.&lt;br /&gt;
Como es sabido muchas obras sociales pagan más a los médicos más viejos, lo cual no sé si es acertado, pero al menos es más fácil de medir que la capacidad de razonar correctamente.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La investigación en razonamiento parece indicar que el de un buen médico es aún mas complejo que seguir reglas de clinimetria, pero éstas ofrecen algunos beneficios, evitando exámenes innecesarios.&lt;br /&gt;
En alguna ocasión observé a un colega una secuencia diagnóstica excesivamente larga, con mayoría de exámenes inútiles para la decisión clínica. Admitió que tenia razón, pero que se atenía al principio de “de lo mas simple a lo más complejo”, otro refrán de la medicina, difícil de extirpar, digan lo que digan Bayes o Sherlock Holmes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;incluyendo Bayes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;sin embargo Le Monde presenta la noticia copiando a alguien que dice de todos modos la cirujia no fue inutil, porque podrian haber microcanceres, y no se podrian hacer 80 punciones&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2012/01/07/la-presidente-argentine-cristina-kirchner-n-avait-pas-de-cancer_1627116_3222.html" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.lemonde.fr/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;ameriques/article/2012/01/07/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;la-presidente-argentine-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;cristina-kirchner-n-avait-pas-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;de-cancer_1627116_3222.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;dado que existen microcanceres en 50 % de las prostatas y mamas de personas sanas de 50 años, y la presidenta tiene 58, el juicio parece bastante acertado, porque no los habria en tiroides?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;se podra decir que el sistema inmunologico mantendra a raya al 99 % de estos canceres, pero quien correra el riesgo ?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;en africa existe una prospera industria de reciclado de electrodomesticos, simplificando todo aquello innecesario, por ejuemplo los 27 programas de las maquinas de lavar ropa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;seria una idea, a los 50 eliminar todo aquello que ya no es util, de este modo el mantenimiento seria mas sencillo, ya que habria menos piezas, u organos para el caso, a chequear&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Profesor Titular de Salud Pública&lt;br /&gt;
Facultad de Medicina&lt;br /&gt;
UNNE&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;table align="left" border="0" id="table1" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;table align="left" border="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" class="reviewer" style="font: normal normal normal 0.85em/normal Arial, sans-serif !important; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;By&amp;nbsp;Michael Smith, North American Correspondent, MedPage Today&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="color: #666666;"&gt;Published: January 17, 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Reviewed&amp;nbsp;by&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/reviewer.cfm?reviewerid=55" style="color: purple; font: normal normal normal 0.95em/normal Arial, sans-serif !important; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Robert Jasmer, MD&lt;/a&gt;; Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="right" style="padding-top: 5px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="float: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDisease/URItheFlu/30727?utm_medium=email&amp;amp;utm_campaign=DailyHeadlines&amp;amp;utm_source=WC&amp;amp;email=ruben.roa@gmail.com&amp;amp;eun=g147198d0r&amp;amp;userid=147198&amp;amp;mu_id=#rate" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif; padding-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;table align="right" border="0" style="width: 120px;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="right" valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://av.medpagetoday.com/upload/2012/1/17/30727.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="color: #151515;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A new review of the influenza drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) has raised questions about both the efficacy of the medication and the commitment of its maker to supply enough data for claims about the drug to be evaluated by independent experts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It also raises questions about the entire process of systematic review.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Researchers led by Tom Jefferson, MD, of the Cochrane Collaboration, pored over 15 published studies and nearly 30,000 pages of "clinical study reports."&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But, they reported, the clinical study information – data previously shared only with regulators – was only a part of what internal evidence suggested was available.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And many published studies had to be excluded because of missing or contradictory data, Jefferson and colleagues reported.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div id="closeDiv" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 5px;"&gt;&lt;div class="activateCME_L" id="activateBtn" style="background-color: #003b9b; border-bottom-color: red; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: red; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: red; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: red; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; color: white; float: right; font-weight: bold; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: -5px; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; width: 160px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Activate MedPage Today's CME feature and receive free CME credit on medical stories like this one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="APL" style="background-color: #dbe9f2; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; float: left; line-height: 13px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; width: 160px;"&gt;&lt;span class="bbr_hd" style="color: #006699; font-weight: 700; padding-left: 10px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Action Points&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;hr style="border-bottom-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: thin; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: thin; border-right-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: thin; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: thin;" width="90%" /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="APP" style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square; margin-left: -25px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Explain that a new review of an important flu drug has raised questions about the medication and the entire process of systematic review.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;li class="APP" style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square; margin-left: -25px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Point out that the review of oseltamivir showed that there was no evidence of effect on hospital admissions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The drug's maker, Switzerland-based Roche, had promised after a previous Cochrane review to make all of its data available for "legitimate analyses." After a request for the data, Jefferson and colleagues reported, the company sent them 3,195 pages covering 10 treatment trials of the drug.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;But, three of the reviewers noted in a parallel report in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;, the tables of contents suggested that the data were incomplete.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;"What we're seeing is largely Chapter One and Chapter Two of reports that usually have four or five chapters," according to the&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;article's lead author, Peter Doshi, PhD, of Johns Hopkins University.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Roche did not immediately respond to a telephoned request for comment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Requests for More Data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The researchers then asked the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the data, under a Freedom of Information request, and obtained a further 25,453 pages, covering 19 trials.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;But that data, too, was incomplete, they said, although the agency said it was all that was available.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The FDA is thought to have the complete reports, but has not yet responded to requests for them, the researchers reported.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Regulatory agencies such as the EMA and FDA routinely see the large clinical study reports, Jefferson and colleagues said in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ,&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;but systematic reviewers and the general medical public do not.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;"While regulators and systematic reviewers may assess the same clinical trials, the data they look at differs substantially," they said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The Cochrane group has been trying for several years to put together a clear-cut systematic review of the evidence on antivirals aimed at flu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In 2006,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDisease/URItheFlu/2511" style="color: purple; font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;the group concluded&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;that the evidence showed that oseltamivir reduced the complications of the flu. But that conclusion was challenged on the basis that a key piece of data was flawed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;An&lt;a href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDisease/URItheFlu/17392" style="color: purple; font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;nbsp;updated review&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 2009 – throwing out the flawed study -- concluded there wasn't enough evidence to show that the drug had any effect on complications.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For this analysis, the Cochrane reviewers had originally intended to perform a systematic review on both of the approved neuraminidase inhibitors – oseltamivir and zanamivir (Relenza), using the clinical study reports to supplement published trials.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In the end, they decided that for oseltamivir, they needed more detail in order to perform the review in its entirety. But, they reported, some conclusions could be drawn from published data on the 15 trials and from 16,000 pages of clinical study reports that were available before their deadline.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;They also decided to postpone analysis of zanamivir (for which they had 10 trials) because the drug's maker, GlaxoSmithKline, offered individual patient data which they wanted time to analyze.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The oseltamivir analysis showed:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The time to first alleviation of symptoms in people with influenza-like illness was a median of 160 hours in the placebo groups and about 21 hours shorter in those treated with oseltamivir. The difference, evaluated in five studies, was significant at&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;There was no evidence of effect on hospital admissions: In seven studies, the odds ratio was 0.95, with a 95% confidence interval from 0.57 to 1.61, which was nonsignificant at&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.86.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;A post-protocol analysis of eight studies showed that oseltamivir patients were less likely to be diagnosed with influenza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The data "lacked sufficient detail to credibly assess" any effect on influenza complications and viral transmission.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Data Discrepancies Found&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;But discrepancies between the published trial data and the clinical study reports "led us to lose confidence in the journal reports," Doshi and colleagues wrote in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For example, they noted that one journal report clearly said there were no drug-related serious adverse events, but the clinical study report listed three that were possibly related to oseltamivir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;As well, the sheer scope of the clinical study reports meant that much was left out of journal reports. One 2010 study, on safety and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir at standard and high dosages, took up seven journal pages and 8,545 pages of the clinical study report.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;But the researchers were also shaken, they said, by the "fragility" of some of their assumptions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;For instance, they found that the clinical study reports showed that in many trials, the placebo contained two chemicals not found in the oseltamivir capsules.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;"We could find no explanation for why these ingredients were only in the placebo," they wrote in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;, "and Roche did not answer our request for more information on the placebo content."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Jefferson and colleagues also reported they found disparities in the numbers of influenza-infected people reported to be present in the treatment versus control groups of oseltamivir trials.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;One possible explanation, they noted, is that oseltamivir affects antibody production – even though the manufacturer says it does not.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Gaps in Knowledge Remain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;That question is profoundly important, Doshi told&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;MedPage Today&lt;/em&gt;, because it may offer clues to how the drug works – one of the gaps in knowledge about oseltamivir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;"You can't make good therapeutic decisions if you don't know how the drugs works," he said – information that he and his colleagues suspect may be buried in the mass of missing data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;It's also important, he said, because public health agencies have been making decisions to stockpile oseltamivir without a clear understanding of the facts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Essentially, he said, those decisions have been based on the flawed study – a Roche-supported meta-analysis – that was thrown out of the 2009 Cochrane review.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;"They're taking the drug manufacturer's word at face value," he said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The results seem unlikely to resolve conflicts over the medical value of the drug, which is a major cash cow for Roche, adding some $3.4 billion to the company's bottom line in 2009 alone, according to Deborah Cohen, investigations editor of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;In an accompanying article, Cohen said that "clinicians can be forgiven for being confused about what the evidence on oseltamivir says."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;She noted that the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the CDC, and the World Health Organization "differ in their conclusions about what the drug does."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;As well, those conclusions are often contradicted by claims on the drug labels – themselves allowed by regulators, Cohen argued.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: #dbe9f2; border-bottom-color: rgb(141, 171, 188); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(141, 171, 188); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(141, 171, 188); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(141, 171, 188); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; float: left; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;"&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;The Cochrane reviewers reported grant support from the U.K. National Institute for Health Research and Jefferson and Doshi reported they had no recent financial links with industry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font: normal normal normal 1em/1.2em Arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Cohen is employed by&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Primary source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews&lt;br /&gt;
Source reference:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008965/abstract" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Jefferson T, et al "Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children" Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 12. Art. No.: CD008965.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Additional source:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;BMJ&lt;br /&gt;
Source reference:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e458" style="color: #003399; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Cohen D "Flu drugs: search for evidence goes on"&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;2012; 344: e458.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Additional source:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;BMJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Source reference:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.d7898" style="color: #003399; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Doshi P, et al "Rethinking credible evidence synthesis"&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;BMJ&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;2012; 344: d7898.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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