TrAvEl around the world

Oman photos

2013-05-28T21:44:00.000-07:00

Oman's history tells stories of heroism, courage, wisdom, patriotism, love and devotion to homeland. This brings us closer to understanding the richness of the Omani cultural experience which has contributed to the building of modern Oman.

Oman’s strategic location has played a major role in many campaigns and regional conflicts in this region. Oman overlooks the Arabian Sea, the Sea of Oman and the Arabian Gulf. It also controls the Strait of Hormuz, which is one of the most important facilities in the region, linking the Sea of Oman with the Arabian Gulf. The Strait of Hormuz is a gateway to all ships coming from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea.

Al Wattih in Muscat Governorate is one of the first inhabited cities. Modern archaeological discoveries suggest that humans settled in it during the Stone Age, i.e. more than 10,000 years ago.

The Babylonians and the Assyrians settled in Oman because they wanted to control the trade route that linked Asia to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

With the spread of Islam, and Mazin Bin Gadhubah joining Islam as the first person in Oman and his emigration to Medina to meet the Prophet, Peace be upon Him, the first mosque was built in Oman. This is Al Midhmar Mosque that still stands to this day in Wilayt Samail . These events paved the way for the two kings of Oman at that time, Jua’fer and Abd Ibni Al Jalandi, to enter Islam wholeheartedly and with utter conviction after receiving a letter from the Prophet, Peace be upon Him. A Hadith mentions that the Prophet, Peace be upon Him, said “God’s mercy be on the people of Al Ghubaira” (i.e. the people of Oman). “They have believed in me although they had not seen me”. Also stated in the sermon our Master Abu Bakr Al-Sidiq, the caliph of the Prophet, Peace be upon Him, to the people of Oman: “People of Oman you, you have entered Islam voluntarily although the Prophet has not come to your land on foot or on horse. You have not opposed him as other Arabs opposed him, and you have not called for separation or dispersion. May God unite you in benevolence.”

With the election of Ibn Masood, the first imam, in 751 AD, the Imamate era began in Oman and lasted four centuries until 1154. Several attempts were made to restore the rule of the Imamate in Oman in the mid-fifteenth century, but did not succeed.

During the period 1498-1507 AD, the Portuguese tried to control Oman. Omani history tells the story of the Omani people who expelled the Portuguese with their struggle and heroism. Nasser bin Murshid was elected Imam in 1624.

Because of the coastal location of Oman, the Omani navy occupied a leading position regionally. This sparked the ire of the Portuguese, who did not forget their devastating defeat. Fierce battles erupted between the Portuguese Navy (which had made India its base after the liberation of Oman) and the strong Omani navy. After a fierce battle, the Omani fleet was able to defeat the Portuguese fleet.

In 1698, the Omani Empire then expanded to include the cities of the African east coast, stretching from Mombasa to Kila, Zanzibar, Pemba and Bata. Mozambique remained under Portuguese rule until the twentieth century.

Oman had been the target of a number of attempts by the Persians to invade its territory, but the steadfastness and heroism of the Omanis were successfully combined to defeat the occupier. The invaders were defeated, underscoring the exploits of Omani heroes in defending their lands. This great victory was achieved at the hands of Imam Ahmed bin Saeed Al Busaidi, who defeated the Persians and was elected imam.

With the advent of 1970 came the dawn of a modern renaissance in the Sultanate, with the beginning of the prosperous era of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said, may God protect him.

here are some pictures from Oman

المانيا والنمسا ميزانية قليله,,

2013-05-19T23:11:00.001-07:00

من المحبب لنا ان نسافر الى دول اوروبا ولكن المادة تمنعنا في كثير من الاحيان,,
ولكن مع التخطيط الجيد سترى ان الملبغ الى ماليزيا سيكفي الى اوروبا,,

سأضع جدول بسيط للراغبين بالسفر الى المانيا والنمسا فهما دولتين قريبتين من بعضهما..

خط سير الرحلة:
ميونخ - جارمش- زيلامسي-ميونخ

اولا وقبل كل شي يجب ان نحدد موعد السفر وان يكون السفر في وقت لا تغلب عليه الامطار وشدة البروده
وهي من شهر ابريل الى شهر اكتوبر تقريبا..

1/ حجز تذاكر السفر:-
يجب ان تبحث عن ارخص تذكرة.. بالامكان المتابعه من مواقع الطيران وسعر التذكرة تتراوح بين 1000 الى 2000 دولار حسب
الفترة.. والحجز المبكر.. احيانا التذكرة تكون اقل من 1000 دولار بالحجز المبكر..
مصاريف التذاكر لشخصين ستكون اقل من 2000 دولار.. لنفرض انها 1500 دولار او اقل بقليل,,
كذلك يجب عليك ان توافق وقت الوصول على ان يكون نهارا اما اذا كان ليلا فلديك خيارات سأطرحها تباعا,,

2/حجز سيارة :
يعتبر افضل بكثير من المواصلات وبالاستمتاع بالطبيعه بشكل افضل احيانا السيارة ارخص بكثير من وسائل النقل فسيارات الاجرة جدا غالية,,
كيف احجز السيارة؟؟ هناك موقعين شهيرين لحجز السيارة وهو يورب كار وموقع سكست.. وبالامكان ان تدخل على موقع الشركتين وتختار السيارة الانسب لك.. علما بأن حجز السيارة يتبعا حجز لضعف مبلغ السيارة كتأمين وسيتم ارجاعه لك قبل العودة الى ارض الوطن.. وسعر متوسط السيارات هي 60 يورو في اليوم الواحد.. لنفرض انك جلست 14 يوم سيكون سعر السيارة 840 يورو

3/ حجز الفنادق عن طريق booking
يوجد العديد من خيارات الفنادق ستجد الرخيص والغالي اختر ما يناسبك.. والافضل السكن بعيدا عن المدن,, لأنها ارخص وأوفر بكثير.. ويفضل حجز الشقق لأنها ارخص وبإمكانك الطبخ فيها

..........................

هذه اهم الامور في السفر.. كذلك لتخفيف اعباءك المالية خذ مؤونه تكفيك من البلد مثل الارز والخبز والجبن والعسل والقشط وغيرها
لأن اغلى شي عندهم الاكل.. ويمكنك الطبخ في الشقة المستأجرة ..

السفر مع الاطفال

2013-05-19T22:43:00.001-07:00

هل تفكرين ان تتركي اطفالك والسفر بدونهم؟؟

لا لا,,

السفر مع الاطفال شي ممتع للغاية صحيح انه متعب ولكن من الصعب ان تترك الام ابناءها وتسافر بدونهم..

يجب عليك سيدتي ان تتخذي اجراءات عديده قبل السفر مع الاطفال.

اخذ الكفاية من الحليب والحفاضات والملابس للطفل..

كذلك لا تنسي اخذ الادوية الخاصة بالحمى والمغص,,

سوف تستمتعين بالسفر مع اطفالك وسكون قلبك مرتاح البال كون طفلك معك اينما ذهبتي..

العديد من النساء تترك اطفالها ولكن قلبها يكون مشغولا بهم دائما.. حتى لا تضيعي طعم السفر اصطحبي اطفالك

حاولي ارضاعه قبل الاقلاع وبعد الهبوط حفاظا على اذنيه..

الحياة جميلة لا تضيعيها بدون اطفالك..

زيلامسي.. بلد الطبيعة الساحرة والجمال

2013-05-06T21:03:00.000-07:00

زيلامسي Zell Am See زيل أم سي (زيلامسي) (بالألمانية: Zell am See) قرية صغيرة على ضفاف بحيرة تقع في منطقة كابرون في النمسا ضمن إقليم سالزبورج النمساوي.

تعتبر زيل أم سي (زيلامسي) من أروع منتجعات العالم من حيث الطبيعة والهدوء، حيث يقصدها أثرياء العالم وسكان دول الخليج العربي لقضاء فصل الصيف هناك حيث يكون الجو رائعاً للتنزه في الحدائق أو التزلج على الجبال الثلجية.

تبعد زيل أم زية عن مدينة سالزبورج حوالي الساعة والنصف بالقطار وعن مدينة ميونخ الألمانية حوالي الثلاث ساعات.

اترككم مع الصور الجميله والساحرة من زيلامسي..

srange hanbags

2012-09-11T02:06:00.002-07:00

strange things in all the world

handbags for women

it is relay strange

you can follow me

:the first one

it is a keyboard

seconed

this is a cassette

third

it is relay strange i can not use at all

forth

it is frog

oh my god

frooooog

that is all

thaaanks

Salalah /Oman

2012-09-10T20:50:00.005-07:00

Yes it is Salalah

the beautiful place in Oman in summer

Salalah located in the south of Oman

it takes by plane one hour from Muscat

it is 1000 K from Muscut

too far but when you reach it you will forget yourself

it has good nutre especially for Arab people because

most Arab countries are very hot on summer

i have many and many pictures

i will try to put them here

Salalah has special clothes for men and women

this is for women

and this is for men

it looks like very old clothes but it is made from good clothes

also men wear this clothes as all omani men

that all

thank you

ماليزيا بميزانية اقتصادية جدا..

2012-09-10T01:48:00.007-07:00

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

التوقيت شهر اكتوبر

نهاية التقرير المصاريف كاملة..

الناقل الرسمي الطيران القطري

سعر التذكرة 170 ريال
لشخصين 340 ريال

الانطلاق من مطار مسقط ترانزيت في قطر ساعتين تقريبا..

طريق الرحلة في ماليزيا

ليلة في كولالمبور / 3 ليالي في لنكاوي/ ليلتين في بينيج/ 4ليالي في الكاميرون/ ليلتين في كولا لمبور

ملاحظة: الحجزوات كلها في ماليزيا لم نحجز عن طريق النت نصيحة للمغامرين ان يحجزا من الفندق مباشرة دون النت
لأنه بالامكان تغيير الوجهه بسهوله

اولا كولا لمبور::

اليوم الاول:

الوصول للمطار الدولي في كولا لمبور الساعة 10 مساء,,,

حجز تذكرتين لطيران اسيا اير التذكرة ,نصيحة حجز التذاكر من النت او المطار مباشرة بس قبل بفترة..

اول ليله المبيت في فندق واخذ تكسي للمطار الداخلي صباحا

اليوم الثاني /الثالث/الرابع

التنزه بالقرب من الفندق صباحا ومن ثم في المطار الداخلي

الوصول الى لنكاوي خلال ساعة, كانت جميلة جدا ,, بعد وصولنا اخذنا شركة سياحيه لرحلات عده.

فندق في لنكاوي اسمه سيتين,, رخيص وجميل

تمشينا كثير في لنكاوي كانت رهيبة

اليوم الخامس

وصلنا بينيج,,

المهم وصلنا الفندق كان ب26 ريال الليلة شفناه غالي جلسنا فيه ليلة وحدة,, اصلا الفنادق كانت مصفوفة على جوانب الشارع بسهولة تقدر تحجز.. طلعنا بالليل نتمشى ورحنا نشوف اسعار الفنادق,, حصلنا كثير اسعار حلوة وفنادق نظيفة صراحة
خذنا فندق ب10 ريال في اليوم مع الافطار

ذهبنا الى بينينج هيل حلوة تطلع بالقطار,,اتجهنا لها بالباص لرخصه وارخص عن التكسي تقريبا ب10 مرات ..

من محل الباصات اخذنا تذكرتين رخيصة الى الكاميرون

اليوم السادس والسابع والثامن والتاسع

وصلنا الكاميرون جوها رهيب افضل الاماكن على الاطلاق,, سألنا راعي الباص عن فندق رخيص وحلو شلنا فندق هل ان فيو,,
فندق رخيص وجميل بدون فطور

جلسنا فيها اخذنا من الفندق رحلة سياحية رخيصه الى عدة اماكن منها مزارع الشاي والفراوله

اليوم العاشر والحادي عشر

الوصول الى كوالا,, عن طريق الباص..

التسوق من العاصمه
اليوم الاخير المغادرة الى ارض الوطن

المصاريف:

تذكرتين/ 340 ريال عماني
الفنادق/ 200 ريال عماني ل12 ليله
التنقل /150 ريال عماني ** منها تذكرتين الى لنكاوي الطيران الداخلي
دخول الاماكن والرحلات السياحية/50 ريال
الاكل والتسوق 100 ريال

Give your loved one a ring to remember

2011-11-29T21:37:00.000-08:00

Buying jewellery can be an exciting and confusing time. There are so many options to choose from that it can be a bit overwhelming. There are a few things that need to be discovered before making a large jewellery purchase.

The first thing that you will want to know is if you are allergic to any of the metals that are commonly found in jewellery. It would be a shame to buy a very expensive piece of jewellery only to discover that you are allergic to it. Also before you make an expensive jewellery purchase make sure that you know what you want and what you like. Buy something that you will be able to appreciate for many years to come.

Birthstones are a very popular gift giving idea and make lovely presents. When purchasing a birthstone for a loved one be sure that you know which birthstone they prefer. Several months have more than one birthstone option to choose from. Also be sure to buy jewellery that goes well with your size and frame. A large thick gold chain on a small or petite woman will look very silly. Likewise a thin gold chain would not be a good choice for a large man.

Five Great Jewellery Gifts for Her

2011-11-01T02:35:00.000-07:00

Jewellery is the most romantic of all gifts. If romance is your end, then jewellery is the means to achieve it. The gift of jewellery speaks a thousand words: it talks about the seriousness of a relationship, the seriousness of one's intentions, and the amount of thought and passion invested in a gift selection.

When it comes to jewellery there are five gift choices: a broach, a pair of earrings, a bracelet, a necklace, and the ring.

1. The broach
A rule of thumb: jewellery items that are worn further away from the ring finger are less intimate. Jewellery worn closer to the ring finger are always more intimate, romantic and much more serious. With this in mind, a broach is the ideal first-time jewellery gift. It is a jewellery item that is classy, without being misunderstood.

2. The earrings
Women have adorned themselves with earrings for thousands of years. Even multiple ear piercings are not new; Egyptian women loved wearing numerous earrings. As a gift, earrings can be casual or formal, depending on your budget and the impression you choose to make.

3. The bracelet
Bracelets are available in two kinds: wrist bracelets and ankle bracelets. Wrist bracelets are more personal and intimate, while ankle bracelets are more casual and fun. Ankle bracelets are also deemed a sexy jewellery, so it all depends on what impression you want to make.

4. The necklace
Necklaces, by virtue of being worn close to the heart, are romantic and intimate gifts. Necklaces can be stylish and trendy or classic and traditional. They can be short or long, they can come with or without a pendant. Adding a pendant to a necklace is an extra personal touch. Pendants can also be engraved with a message.

5. The ring
Rings are the ultimate in romantic jewellery gifts and almost always symbolize a new phase in a relationship. There are rings to suit every budget, mood, and message. Rings can also be fun and casual, but they are always intimate symbols of romance.

Garnet Jewellery - Express your love

2011-09-11T23:35:00.001-07:00

Garnet is the birthstone for people born in the month of January and it is supposed to contain powers that will facilitate your night vision and help you to achieve success. It is also the traditional stone that symbolizes the second marriage anniversary. In the past, some archeologists have found different types of garnet jewellery in the lake dweller graves. According to them, garnet was a popular form of jewellery in the Bronze Age. Today, you can find garnet mines in India, Brazil, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Siberia and Africa.

Not all the garnets are a high quality gem but the ones that are of high quality, they are more than just priceless. You buy a garnet ring once, it is for life! They are available in a broad spectrum of colours except in blue. You will find a vibrant orange garnet ring, lime green garnet ear rings, pink garnet in affordable jewellery, and even shades of violet.

Garnet consists of certain minerals like Pyralspites (aluminum), Ugrandites (calcium), Pyrope, Uvarovite, Almandine, Andradite etc. Apart from pure varieties of garnets, there are some mixed varieties like malaia or malaya, and grandite. Another type of garnet comes in a hue of purple and it is called rhodolite. As far as the colour of garnet is concerned, there is a special type of garnet called the Spessartite garnet.

Spessartite garnet is ideochromatic, which means that is gets its colour from magnesium. Magnesium produces the vibrant orange in garnets, which has become irresistible and popular. Now if you mix some iron in the form of almadine, then the garnet will produce a deeper red colour, more like the red wine and is as intoxicating. Did you know that the garnet actually got its name from the Latin word granatum meaning grain?

Garnets are available in two different forms, the igneous and the metamorphosed rock formations. These rocks are formed due to intense heat like the one produced by volcanoes. Garnets hold a strong reputation of being tough and they are used as a gemstone and also in the abrasive industry. It is an excellent substitute for mineral slag and sand in blast cleaning treatments.

One of the new found type of garnet is the Spessarite garnet. Most Spessartite garnets are available in three different categories. The light colored garnet and bright ones with deep orange or red colour comes from Nigeria. There is the spectacular tangerine orange or mandarin garnets, which come from Namibia and they are a class by themselves.

The Spessartite garnet has a deep red colour but it will look its best in incandescent light. So if you are planning to buy one then check it under the incandescent light. The garnet is quite a strong stone and measures 6.5 to 7.5 on the Moh's scale and this means that it can stand the test of time just your love. When you gift a garnet then it becomes symbolic of your love and devotion for that person.

حفظ محادثات شات الفيس بوك بطريقة مذهلة...save chat of facebook

2011-08-02T22:41:00.000-07:00

هل تريد حفظ محادثات الفيس بوك؟؟؟
do u want to save chat of facebook??

اليكم الطريقة:

this is the way:

اولا يجب ان يكون المتصفح fire fox

u must have fire fox

حمل هذه الصفحة

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/facebook-chat-history-manager/

download this site

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/facebook-chat-history-manager/

اذهب الى شريط الفاير فوكس الى ادوات
facebook history maneger
craet acount
سيظهر لك خانة اكتب فيها اسمك في الفيس بوك مع الرقم السري.
من وقتها سيبدأ في حفظ المحادثات

go to tools on fire fox
facebook history maneger
craet acount
enter your name and passward

finish

strange but cute

2011-07-17T20:47:00.000-07:00

new style in your life.. just see the pictures i think there are cute

The Perfect Wedding Ring Material - Which Metal Suits You Best

2011-07-15T21:53:00.000-07:00

Wedding ring, a band to symbolize an endless circle of love and the commitment of marriage vows for the wedding couple is use in most marital ceremonies. To show the love and commitment that the couples have for one another, the ring is usually not taken down.

A married couple will wear their wedding ring for most of the time; this makes the wedding ring material a very important aspect to consider when choosing a suitable ring. Unless you do not have the budget to choose from a wide variety of rings with different material, it is good to have a basic understanding of the different type of material available and their pros and cons.

The most commonly use material is gold. One of the most important aspects with regards to gold is how many carats you want the ring to be. Gold is a very soft metal by itself. In its pure form known as twenty-four-carat gold, it can be bent easily and is thus not suitable for making jewelry. Therefore gold are commonly mix and hardened with copper, tin and bismuth. The concentration of alloy metals used in gold is measure in carats. The higher carats the gold is, the softer the material would be.

A general rule of thumb would be to use eighteen carat gold for wedding rings, as anything above that would be too soft, bent easily and is unsuitable for setting any precious stones. When using gold, make sure not to use too low a carat rating like nine or ten, as they tarnish and turns green or black easily. In short, eighteen carat gold is still the prefer rating nowadays that is both sturdy and of high quality. Be sure to request for it of you decided on a gold wedding ring.

Platinum, a stronger and more enduring material is getting more popular than ever. Platinum does not oxidize and can be used without worry by the person compare to gold that has higher chances of tarnish and smudges on the wearer's finger.

There is also a trace of noble characteristics attach to it. In the 18th century, platinum's rarity made King Louis XV of France declare it as the only metal fit for a king wear. It is more precious than gold and the price of platinum fluctuate with its availability on the market. Normally platinum will costs slightly less than twice the price of gold.

While most religious marital ceremonies accept a band of any material to symbolize the taking of marriage vows, it is important to get the most suitable one for yourself. After all, it is a ring of commitment that will follow you till old.

omani clothes

2011-07-03T21:38:00.000-07:00

The traditional Omani clothes which consist of Dishdasha, Masar and Wizar have been the formal dress for the Omani man for hundreds of years It distinguishes the Omani citizen from other nationalities in the world as it is only unique for this Peaceful gulf county. As an Omani citizen you are not allowed to wear suit or casual for the passport photo. It might make the Omanis proud of themselves, but on the other hand it may cause problems for them in the western countries airports.

Unfortunately we are living in a world where people are judged by the way they look and dress rather than who they are and what they do. The moment they the airports customs see the man’s photo with the dishdasha and Masar, they get the impression that they are dealing with a very dangerous Middle Eastern terrorist. Things will have been easier if our passports and license photos are ordinary like the rest of the world.

The second point is a bit sensitive to talk about, but someone has to say something about it. It is about what is called Wizar. I personally think wizar is impractical dress and should be replaced y trousers as some gulf countries do. Despite its restriction to the man’s movement, wizar has failed so many times to act as a reliable cover to the man’s private parts. I know it may sound funny or ironic but it is damn true. The wizar become exposed if the man fall down, climb up or even sometime when setting inappropriately. Some old people exposed their wizar whiteout releasing.

This disadvantage of Wizar has been admitted formally by the government but not fully for the problem to be solved. Indians in Omans are not allowed to wear wizar when they go out of their houses and if the police catch them they will be fined. But why it is only Indians who are penalized and not everyone. Some Omani also wear wizras without dishdasha outside their houses.
To sum up, keeping our traditions is a very good thing as long as it doesn’t create further problems, contradict with our religion and put us in some embarrassing situations

omani jewellery

2011-07-01T22:09:00.000-07:00

Silver jewellery has always been an important part of the traditional Omani attire. Necklaces, bracelets, ear rings, anklets, ear pendants, bangles and hair decorations are typical examples of this craft as well as the famous Khanjar (curved dagger), the national symbol of Oman. Nizwa is famous for the silver souq where you can find decorative jewellery and Khanjars.

Also Mutrah souq is an important souq in Oman. It is famous because it is old and it has the oldest things like silver jewelle. I hope you will visit it.

my country style

2011-06-21T20:56:00.000-07:00

In my country women wear three pieces..scarf , dress and trousers.
Usually, dress is very complicated, it has many things, you can see this picture.

Also trousers is complicated, scarf is very simple.
The price of all of these are expensive, it reach sometimes to 2000 $ .
And sometimes it is very simple and cheap, 50 $ only. You can by them from traditional complex.
Omani women wear this mostly in special days like wedding

On the other side the man wear
many things. Like this picture
this is dishdashah :

this is Massar:

this is kumah:

this is khanjar:

finally:

what is perfumes made of

2011-06-21T00:30:00.000-07:00

Background
Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have attempted to mask or enhance their own odor by using perfume, which emulates nature's pleasant smells. Many natural and man-made materials have been used to make perfume to apply to the skin and clothing, to put in cleaners and cosmetics, or to scent the air. Because of differences in body chemistry, temperature, and body odors, no perfume will smell exactly the same on any two people.

Perfume comes from the Latin "per" meaning "through" and "fumum," or "smoke." Many ancient perfumes were made by extracting natural oils from plants through pressing and steaming. The oil was then burned to scent the air. Today, most perfume is used to scent bar soaps. Some products are even perfumed with industrial odorants to mask unpleasant smells or to appear "unscented."

While fragrant liquids used for the body are often considered perfume, true perfumes are defined as extracts or essences and contain a percentage of oil distilled in alcohol. Water is also used. The United States is the world's largest perfume market with annual sales totalling several billions of dollars.

History
According to the Bible, Three Wise Men visited the baby Jesus carrying myrrh and frankincense. Ancient Egyptians burned incense called kyphi—made of henna, myrrh, cinnamon, and juniper—as religious offerings. They soaked aromatic wood, gum, and resins in water and oil and used the liquid as a fragrant body lotion. The early Egyptians also perfumed their dead and often assigned specific fragrances to deities. Their word for perfume has been translated as "fragrance of the gods." It is said that the Moslem prophet Mohammed wrote, "Perfumes are foods that reawaken the spirit."

Eventually Egyptian perfumery influenced the Greeks and the Romans. For hundreds of years after the fall of Rome, perfume was primarily an Oriental art. It spread to Europe when 13th century Crusaders brought back samples from Palestine to England, France, and Italy. Europeans discovered the healing properties of fragrance during the 17th century. Doctors treating plague victims covered their mouths and noses with leather pouches holding pungent cloves, cinnamon, and spices which they thought would protect them from disease.

Perfume then came into widespread use among the monarchy. France's King Louis XIV used it so much that he was called the "perfume king." His court contained a floral pavilion filled with fragrances, and dried flowers were placed in bowls throughout the palace to freshen the air. Royal guests bathed in goat's milk and rose petals. Visitors were often doused with perfume, which also was sprayed on clothing, furniture, walls, and tableware. It was at this time that Grasse, a region of southern France where many flowering plant varieties grow, became a leading producer of perfumes.

Meanwhile, in England, aromatics were contained in lockets and the hollow heads of canes to be sniffed by the owner. It was not until the late 1800s, when synthetic chemicals were used, that perfumes could be mass marketed. The first synthetic perfume was nitrobenzene, made from nitric acid and benzene. This synthetic mixture gave off an almond smell and was often used to scent soaps. In 1868, Englishman William Perkin synthesized coumarin from the South American tonka bean to create a fragrance that smelled like freshly sown hay. Ferdinand Tiemann of the University of Berlin created synthetic violet and vanilla. In the United States, Francis Despard Dodge created citronellol—an alcohol with rose-like odor—by experimenting with citronella, which is derived from citronella oil and has a lemon-like odor. In different variations, this synthetic compound gives off the scents of sweet pea, lily of the valley, narcissus, and hyacinth.

Just as the art of perfumery progressed through the centuries, so did the art of the perfume bottle. Perfume bottles were often as elaborate and exotic as the oils they contained. The earliest specimens date back to about 1000 B.C. In ancient Egypt, newly invented glass bottles were made largely to hold perfumes. The crafting of perfume bottles spread into Europe and reached its peak in Venice in the 18th century, when glass containers assumed the shape of small animals or had pastoral scenes painted on them. Today perfume bottles are designed by the manufacturer to reflect the character of the fragrance inside, whether light and flowery or dark and musky.

Raw Materials
Natural ingredients—flowers, grasses, spices, fruit, wood, roots, resins, balsams, leaves, gums, and animal secretions—as well as resources like alcohol, petrochemicals, coal, and coal tars are used in the manufacture of perfumes. Some plants, such as lily of the valley, do not produce oils naturally. In fact, only about 2,000 of the 250,000 known flowering plant species contain these essential oils. Therefore, synthetic chemicals must be used to re-create the smells of non-oily substances. Synthetics also create original scents not found in nature.

Some perfume ingredients are animal products. For example, castor comes from beavers, musk from male deer, and ambergris from the sperm whale. Animal substances are often used as fixatives that enable perfume to evaporate slowly and emit odors longer. Other fixatives include coal tar, mosses, resins, or synthetic chemicals. Alcohol and sometimes water are used to dilute ingredients in perfumes. It is the ratio of alcohol to scent that determines whether the perfume is "eau de toilette" (toilet water) or cologne.

The Manufacturing Process
Collection
•1 Before the manufacturing process begins, the initial ingredients must be brought to the manufacturing center. Plant substances are harvested from around the world, often hand-picked for their fragrance. Animal products are obtained by extracting the fatty substances directly from the animal. Aromatic chemicals used in synthetic perfumes are created in the laboratory by perfume chemists.
Extraction
Oils are extracted from plant substances by several methods: steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, maceration, and expression.

•2 In steam distillation, steam is passed through plant material held in a still, whereby the essential oil turns to gas. This gas is then passed through tubes, cooled, and liquified. Oils can also be extracted by boiling plant substances like flower petals in water instead of steaming them.
•3 Under solvent extraction, flowers are put into large rotating tanks or drums and benzene or a petroleum ether is poured over the flowers, extracting the essential oils. The flower parts dissolve in the solvents and leave a waxy material that contains the oil, which is then placed in ethyl alcohol. The oil dissolves in the alcohol and rises. Heat is used to evaporate the alcohol, which once fully burned off, leaves a higher concentration of the perfume oil on the bottom.
•4 During enfleurage, flowers are spread on glass sheets coated with grease. The glass sheets are placed between wooden frames in tiers. Then the flowers are removed by hand and changed until the grease has absorbed their fragrance.
•5 Maceration is similar to enfleurage except that warmed fats are used to soak up the flower smell. As in solvent extraction, the grease and fats are dissolved in alcohol to obtain the essential oils.
•6 Expression is the oldest and least complex method of extraction. By this process, now used in obtaining citrus oils from the rind, the fruit or plant is manually or mechanically pressed until all the oil is squeezed out.
Blending
•7 Once the perfume oils are collected, they are ready to be blended together according to a formula determined by a master in the field, known as a "nose." It may take as many as 800 different ingredients and several years to develop the special formula for a scent.
After the scent has been created, it is mixed with alcohol. The amount of alcohol in a scent can vary greatly. Most full perfumes are made of about 10-20% perfume oils dissolved in alcohol and a trace of water. Colognes contain approximately 3-5% oil diluted in 80-90% alcohol, with water making up about 10%. Toilet water has the least amount—2% oil in 60-80% alcohol and 20% water.

Aging
•8 Fine perfume is often aged for several months or even years after it is blended. Following this, a "nose" will once again test the perfume to ensure that the correct scent has been achieved. Each essential oil and perfume has three notes: "Notes de tete," or top notes, "notes de coeur," central or heart notes, and "notes de fond," base notes. Top notes have tangy or citrus-like smells; central notes (aromatic flowers like rose and jasmine) provide body, and base notes (woody fragrances) provide an enduring fragrance. More "notes," of various smells, may be further blended.
Quality Control
Because perfumes depend heavily on harvests of plant substances and the availability of animal products, perfumery can often turn risky. Thousands of flowers are needed to obtain just one pound of essential oils, and if the season's crop is destroyed by disease or adverse weather, perfumeries could be in jeopardy. In addition, consistency is hard to maintain in natural oils. The same species of plant raised in several different areas with slightly different growing conditions may not yield oils with exactly the same scent.

Problems are also encountered in collecting natural animal oils. Many animals once killed for the value of their oils are on the endangered species list and now cannot be hunted. For example, sperm whale products like ambergris have been outlawed since 1977. Also, most animal oils in general are difficult and expensive to extract. Deer musk must come from deer found in Tibet and China; civet cats, bred in Ethiopia, are kept for their fatty gland secretions; beavers from Canada and the former Soviet Union are harvested for their castor.

Synthetic perfumes have allowed perfumers more freedom and stability in their craft, even though natural ingredients are considered more desirable in the very finest perfumes. The use of synthetic perfumes and oils eliminates the need to extract oils from animals and removes the risk of a bad plant harvest, saving much expense and the lives of many animals.

The Future
Perfumes today are being made and used in different ways than in previous centuries. Perfumes are being manufactured more and more frequently with synthetic chemicals rather than natural oils. Less concentrated forms of perfume are also becoming increasingly popular. Combined, these factors decrease the cost of the scents, encouraging more widespread and frequent, often daily, use.

Using perfume to heal, make people feel good, and improve relationships between the sexes are the new frontiers being explored by the industry. The sense of smell is considered a right brain activity, which rules emotions, memory, and creativity. Aromatherapy—smelling oils and fragrances to cure physical and emotional problems—is being revived to help balance hormonal and body energy. The theory behind aromatherapy states that using essential oils helps bolster the immune system when inhaled or applied topically. Smelling sweet smells also affects one's mood and can be used as a form of psychotherapy.

Like aromatherapy, more research is being conducted to synthesize human perfume—that is, the body scents we produce to attract or repel other humans. Humans, like other mammals, release pheromones to attract the opposite sex. New perfumes are being created to duplicate the effect of pheromones and stimulate sexual arousal receptors in the brain. Not only may the perfumes of the future help people cover up "bad" smells, they could improve their physical and emotional well-being as well as their sex lives.

Cheap Fashion Jewelry Why Women Like?

2011-06-20T23:58:00.000-07:00

Chinese people have a good habit in this regard. In a word, if wearing a piece of jewelry can set one's heart at rest, then why not wearing discount jewelry? What's more, most qualities of cheap fashion jewelry are very hard. As long as no one damages it, it can be kept for a long time, that's to say, jewelry can increase its value in the future. When you're impoverished, you will hug yourself for being so lucky since you have a piece of valuable and precious yiwu jewelry. So most families like using cheap jewelry as their heirlooms in ancient times. Most merchants like buying luxurious jewelry when they have successful enterprises or storing gold to wait for them to increase values. In modern society, it's a spiritual sustenance when we're pursuing our happiness. In fact,love really need the support in spiritual.

Cheap Fashion Jewelry Why Women Like?As long as you're a woman, cheap jewelry you will like the feeling to be cherished. While the most common things that women like doing is to wear various cheap fashion jewelry to show their beauties and charms. They believe that there are no ugly woman; there are only women who do not know how to look pretty. Women are also very vain. So they prefer to wear stylish jewelry to make up themselves.

ry to imagine this, if a man uses a current passbook to propose marriage rather than a engagement diamond ring, I think you must be worried about your marriage. Excepting different morals of those discount fashion jewelry, they also have different functions, such as jade can ward off evil, crystal can improve the fortunes. Though we can know if it's true about those wording, it must have its special reason rather than be created out of nothing. Cheap jewelry Welcome to our cheap Hair Accessories.

Every woman like wearing various fashion jewelry in their life. It's a pity if a woman doesn't have a piece of fashion or luxurious jewelry in her whole life. Therefore, don't speak that women can only like those useless jewelry. In their eyes, those shining jewelry are the embodiments of their values. So if you love a woman deeply, then send her a piece of exquisite cheap costume jewelry, even if it's a piece of small crystal. But you should keep in mind that don't send replicas jewelry since it will make your sincerity greatly reduced. If you truly love a woman, the give her what you like.

Indian Clothing

2011-06-20T21:28:00.000-07:00

People in India wore mostly cotton clothing. India was the first place where cotton was grown, even as early as 2500 BC in the Harappan period.
By the Aryan period, women wore one very long piece of cloth called a sari, that they wrapped around themselves in different ways. The word “sari” comes from a Sanskrit word that just means cloth. Saris are first mentioned in the Vedas, about 600 BC. Rich women wore saris made of silk, but most women wore cotton ones.There were many different ways of draping saris – to dress up women wore them like skirts with a top part thrown over their shoulder or worn over their heads as a veil. Working women often pulled their sari up between their legs to make a sort of pants. Women who were fighting with the army tucked in the top part of the sari in the back, to free up their arms for fighting. Most saris were five or six yards long, although some saris were nine yards. Younger women generally wore brightly colored saris, but widows and other women in mourning wore only white ones.

How to put on a sari

Men also wore one long piece of cloth called the dhoti, which was generally white. They wrapped the dhoti (DOE-tee) around their legs to make sort of pants like the working women. Dhotis though were shorter so they didn’t have the part that covered the chest and shoulders. Men also often wore long cotton cloths wrapped around their heads as turbans.
With the Islamic invasions around 1000 AD, Persian fashions in clothing entered India and became popular especially in the north, though they never replaced the sari or the dhoti. Both women and men began to sometimes wear trousers with long tunics over them down to their knees. The trousers are called churidar. Women generally wore churidar with a long veil or scarf over it.

Indian women who could afford it generally wore a lot of silver or gold jewelry, especially earrings and nose-rings. Sometimes they also put a spot of red on their foreheads called a bindi (BINN-dee) as a decoration.

Healthy Clothing and Linens

2011-06-19T20:44:00.000-07:00

Choosing fabrics that make the least ecological impact can save valuable energy and keep dangerous chemicals out of the earth, air, and water. And how you clean them counts, too. (See Appliances and Electronics, and Dry Cleaning for laundry tips.)

Careful

Purchase well-made clothing and textiles that will last a long time. A wide selection of cheap, trendy items is available, but these will likely fall apart after a couple of seasons. Classics will outlive fads, and favoring them over disposable options helps to conserve resources.

More Careful

Try shopping at vintage and secondhand stores. Decorating with vintage linens, in particular, is a wonderful way to add character to your home. Give things that you no longer need to friends or charities. Reuse items that can't be passed along -- make T-shirts into rags or transform old sheets into children's costumes.

Most Careful

If you're concerned about the chemicals used to make fabrics, look for organic versions of natural fibers, such as cotton, linen, and wool (you'll find more on this below). Purchase items that are natural dyes and are open about how they make their clothing and linens.

Cotton

Eco Impact

Soft, absorbent, and comfortable, cotton is an affordable option for your favorite T-shirts, bedsheets, and bath towels. But despite its wholesome image, most cotton comes at a high cost to the environment. Conventional cotton occupies only 3 percent of the world's farmland but is sprayed with 25 percent of all insecticides, posing a particular threat to farm workers. Making fabric also involves using a great deal of chemicals, including carcinogenic dyes and textile finishing (such as wrinkle-free, flame-retardant, and stain-resistant treatments). Growing cotton, making fabric, and sewing clothes uses a lot of resources, and even the finished product is high-maintenance: A 2006 University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing study found that machine washing, drying, and ironing account for more than half of a cotton T-shirt's lifetime energy use.

make up

2011-06-18T20:44:00.000-07:00

Foundation is exactly as the word implies : it is the foundation (basis) for a beautiful face. The purpose of foundation is to even out the skin tone and hide imperfections. Its purpose is not to disguise the face, draw attention to inevitable flaws, or even shock the viewers. It is the primer for which to showcase the features that we most adore.

Types of Foundation

Foundation comes in three basic forms; liquid, cream, and powder. Given these three forms, combinations arise such as moose foundation, cream to powder foundation, mineral foundation, and tinted moisturizer.

Foundations may also come with specialized formulas to fit the needs of specific skin types. For instance, foundations are made for sensitive skin, oily skin, and dry skin. There are foundations for rosacea, birthmarks, and scars.

With so many types of foundations to choose, let's begin with the basics: liquid, cream, and powder.

Liquid

Liquid foundations are wonderful because they are easy to apply and are very natural looking. Liquid foundations offer medium coverage. They are well suited for dry skin types because of the high moisture content. Look for liquid foundations that are oil free. Brands like Clinique and Clarins have a selection of foundations formulated to meet most skin types.

Cream Foundation

Cream foundation offers excellent coverage that is milky and flawless. Cream foundations come in a compact or stick. They are convenient and quick to apply. Cream foundations are so versatile that they can be used as a corrector. With a high moisture content, the cream foundation is a perfect choice for dry skin. Look for creams that contain moisturizer for a smooth finish. Arbonne stick foundation provides botanical ingredients to improve the quality of the skin. A promising product to try is Cover FX . This cream foundation comes in a compact and is recommended by dermatologists for rosacea and acne.

Powder Foundation/Cream to Powder Foundations

Powder foundation can be found in a loose powder form or in a compressed powder form. Powders are often used as a quick foundation fix for a face that needs just a slight evening out or to set the makeup already in place. It is an excellent choice for oily skin or for makeup in high humidity. Powder foundation is also available in a cream to powder form. This type of foundations combines the smoothness and flawless coverage of a cream with the fast drying and setting of a powder. It is a terrific foundation for someone with combination skin or someone with time restrictions. Every minute saved does count.

Choosing a Foundation

Equally important in choosing the form of foundation, is deciding upon the color. Most women are well-suited to yellow-based foundations. A yellow based foundation neutralizes pink or red undertones. Using a pink based foundation will make the skin appear too pink if you already have pink undertones. A blue based foundation may cause skin with blue undertones to look ashy.

It is best to invest in a quality foundation from a cosmetic consultant instead of a drug store brand. You will want to test the foundation before purchasing. Apply the foundation the lower part of the cheek and allow it to dry. It should invisible, or nearly. Remember: The purpose is to even out skin tone. Leave the color to the rouge, shadow, and correctors.

Applying Foundation

1. Use your finger or a sponge when applying foundation.

2. Divide the face in half and use a method called "combing the face" to apply the foundation. Distribute the foundation on the cheek area and distribute in a downward motion towards the jaw line and neck and then upward towards the hairline. I use this method to eliminate a line of demarcation around the jaw line and hairline. Using this method also lessens the amount a foundation used on the neck, saving trips to the cleaners.

3. Set the foundation with translucent powder, pressed or loose, to give a matte, shine free finish. Loose powder will give a sheer, more natural look.

4. Pressed powder can be applied throughout the day to freshen up the makeup or help control shine.

You're on Your Way

What Is a Fashion Emergency?

2011-06-18T20:26:00.000-07:00

A fashion emergency can be best described as a state in which a person does not fit into the current, acceptable modes of fashion. Usually, mismatched, ill-fitting or strange clothes are considered to be the source a fashion emergency, but accidents that ruin clothes can also be thought of as fashion emergencies. Bad makeup or hair also has the potential to be called a fashion emergency if it does not complement an outfit or flatter the wearer.

The term "fashion emergency" can refer to the appearance of someone who has fallen into a rut with his or her personal style. People who have this problem can find themselves dressing in the same way every day, often in styles of fashion that can be perceived as outdated or strange. As a result, they might enlist the help of another person, such as a friend, relative or even a personal stylist, to aid them in adopting a fashion style that is more attractive or becoming.

A fashion emergency also can refer to an accident that ruins the style, look or uniformity of an outfit. An example of this is pantyhose that has been snagged accidentally, causing a run. Torn pantyhose can take an outfit from appearing sharp to looking sloppy, so the wearers could consider this accident to be a fashion emergency. Wearers might carry extra pantyhose or products that can immediately mend the pantyhose if they should tear. Similarly, those who frequent restaurants can carry products that act as stain removers in case they spill food on their clothes, which is another potential source of a fashion emergency.

There are many products available that are marketed as being solutions to fashion emergencies, but consumers should also be aware that they can use common products to help stop potential fashion disasters. Carrying safety pins to mend torn hems or cuffs, nail polish remover pads to remove marker ink from leather and clear nail polish to stop runs in pantyhose can spare someone the embarrassment of a fashion emergency. Simply having a needle and thread handy can make a big difference for someone who needs to re-thread a button on a shirt or pair of pants.

Fashion emergencies can extend to personal grooming as well. Makeup and hair often complement the look of clothing, so these things can be important to fashion in general. Those who undergo wardrobe makeovers also can have beauty makeovers in which makeup is changed and hair is cut or styled to flatter the person's face. Good hair and makeup can make for a more cohesive look.

Functional Military Clothing inspires the latest winter boot trends

2011-06-18T02:05:00.001-07:00

Military fashion has been around since quite a while now but this year and this season it has usurped all other fashion trends and risen right to the top. Most trends burn out after a few seasons or years of being popular and then make a revival after a while that is a decade or so. But that is not the case with military fashion.
The military fashion colors are green and all possible shades of them teamed up with the kind of fabric that can be used for aviator boots, fashion boots or coat collars as well.

The right way to think of military fashion is to team it up with an inspiration from aviator or army. The versatility of these boots is such that they can be worn with élan with cargo pants or a trench coat or with a loose fitting dress as well.

These boots go very well to give you a sleek and chic look. They are perfect with slim cuts and transform into giving the wearer an overall slim silhouette.

You could try on different hues of greens and team them up with a range of other colors as well. Everywhere that you look around you, you are bound to see military boots all around you. They have been storming the fashion world and women can’t seem to get enough of them. A male bastion previously, these military boots work really well on women too and add on the right kind of oomph factor like seen never before.

Military boots is certainly not going to be one sweeping trend but will remain for a long time. this ensures that you can wear your military boots next winter season as well and still be trendy.

kids fashion

2011-06-18T01:56:00.000-07:00

Carrying fashion trends is not as easy as you think, and some people make a complete fool out of themselves because they do not know how to carry-out such trends. The most popular trendsetters are celebrities and movie stars who are seen in various media outlets. But in the end, it is the public who decides which is trendy and which is not.The world changes, progresses and grows every day, although at a different rate most of the time. But fashion is here to stay, and it changes along with other things. After all, change is the only permanent thing in this world.Fashion designers and trendsetters focus on originality, beauty, and ideals. It is one way of expressing yourself because it is a reflection of your mentality, cultural providence, feelings, and personality.Fashion trends are regarded as an art in pragmatic form, because it is a combination of aesthetics and practicality. It is usually influenced by many social and cultural factors, and each generation has its own distinct fashion characteristics or traits.Before, fashion fever involved only the adults, but today’s modern world has greatly changed. Even children are already in line with fashion trends.The fashion industry now caters to children’s designer clothing. Young children can now enjoy a varied and extensive range of fashion clothes, which helps them to set a fashion trend of their own.Even very young children have their own preferences, and many fashion designers are now focusing on babies and children’s wear. You can now find colorful, original, ingenious, stimulating, and appealing clothes for both the girls and the boys. You can now find superhero costumes and outfits, as well as accessorized girls dresses.Children of todays times are inclined towards aesthetics, originality, and beauty. Clothing stores for children provide a wide range of clothing choices for boys and girls; and so your little one is taught to choose a particular fashion trend at a very early age.Clothing lines today are equally attractive as children’s toys. There is an increasing awareness among children about the value of wearing fashionable clothes.Unlike before, children’s clothes are more affordable and this is due to emerging discount shops, import of clothes, and equal merchandise distribution between clothing stores and supermarkets.Another contributor to the reduction of children’s clothes prices is the increasing number of online stores. Most online stores offer high quality clothing articles at a much cheaper price. You can choose from among a wide variety of designer clothes and other cost cutting alternatives.Online stores, and local clothing stores, offer boys suits, shirts, trousers and girls dresses and capes. They also offer unisex items, along with children’s accessories like bow ties, booties, and shoes.If you want to save a lot of effort and time, you can make an online purchase. All you need is an Internet connection and you can choose from among the many websites that sells children’s clothing.But if you want to do a little shopping together with your kids, there are also many local stores in your area. Let your child choose among the magnificent displays of clothing line-ups. Your Childs creativity and aesthetic sense will reflect his or her choice of clothes.Do not let your child be left behind; give them the opportunity to keep up with fashion trends. Let them choose clothes which they feel are comfortable to wear and makes them look great.

gold shoes

2011-06-18T01:52:00.001-07:00

When you think of gold shoes, the first thing that might come to your mind is a wedding shoe, prom nights and special evenings. You might wonder if gold shoes are right for the daytime. There are several different shades of gold such as champagne and beige that look fabulous in summer. There is even a color that looks like faded gold. If you are looking forward to wearing gold during the day time then this is the kind of color that you should opt for. They look perfect when teamed up with wedges. Also, if you are a little scared of getting all gold on your shoes then you can team up gold with black. The metallic look that gold has looks perfect against the backdrop of gold.

If you are bold enough then you can go on and team up gold wedges sandals with a summery yellow dress to look fabulous in it. if you feel that you don’t want too much of gold on your shoes and yet love the color and what it can do for your looks, then tame it down with another color.

The shimmer in gold is certainly a good thing to get into your attire in summer. It is the perfect golden hue that reminds one of summer. Also, you can get gold in several different avatars and not the same one all the time. There is so much of variety in the color gold that you can go on to choose the one that best suits you and you are confident enough to carry it on you.

But, there is certainly something perpetually sinful and delightful at the same time of having got golden shoes at your feet. It can surely set your soul soaring.