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The Future of Space Exploration: Latest NASA, ISRO, SpaceX & ESA Missions Explained

2025-11-22T09:30:00.000+05:30

Beyond Earth: The Future of Space Exploration & Missions

Humanity has always looked up at the night sky with a mixture of curiosity, wonder, and ambition. What once seemed unreachable is now becoming possible, as global space agencies push the boundaries of scientific discovery and engineering excellence. Today, we are on the edge of a new space age—one shaped by lunar exploration, human spaceflight, advanced telescopes, and even the possibility of life beyond Earth.

In this blog, we’ll delve into the latest developments from NASA, ISRO, SpaceX, and ESA; explore India’s upcoming missions, including Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-4, and Aditya-L1; examine the Artemis program; and discuss future possibilities, such as asteroid mining and Mars colonization.

This is your full, in-depth guide to the most exciting space missions humanity is launching in the 2020s and beyond.

1. NASA: Leading the Charge Into the Cosmos

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) continues to set global standards for exploration, scientific discovery, and deep space missions. As the world moves toward a multi-planet future, NASA is at the forefront of missions that will change humanity’s understanding of the universe.

1.1 Artemis Program: Humanity’s Grand Return to the Moon

NASA’s Artemis program is one of the most ambitious space initiatives ever designed. Its goal is simple yet transformative: return humans to the Moon—and stay there.

What Artemis Aims to Do

Land the first woman and the first person of color on the lunar surface
Build long-term infrastructure like the Lunar Gateway
Develop technologies needed for Mars missions
Explore the Moon’s south pole—home to frozen water deposits

The first step, Artemis I, already flew successfully, proving the Orion spacecraft can make the journey around the Moon. Artemis II will send astronauts around the Moon, while Artemis III aims to land humans near the south pole.

This is more than exploration—this is the blueprint for building a permanent human presence beyond Earth.

1.2 James Webb Space Telescope: Peering Into the Dawn of Time

Launched in 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is rewriting cosmic history.

Its infrared eyes have:

Discovered some of the earliest galaxies ever formed
Found potential signs of life-supporting atmospheres on exoplanets
Observed stellar nurseries with unprecedented clarity

Webb is pushing astronomy into a revolution, answering questions about:

How galaxies formed
How stars are born
Whether life may exist elsewhere in the universe.

1.3 Mars Exploration: From Rovers to Human Missions

NASA’s Perseverance rover continues to explore Mars, collecting samples that future missions will return to Earth. The Ingenuity helicopter—a technical marvel—has now proven that powered flight is possible on another world.

NASA's long-term plan:
Send humans to Mars by the mid-2030s.

To achieve this:

Artemis will test deep-space habitation
New propulsion technologies are being developed
Space radiation research is underway

NASA’s Mars plan is not just theoretical—it's happening step by step.

2. ISRO: India’s Rising Power in Space Exploration

India’s space agency, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), is rapidly becoming one of the world’s leading forces in space.

Following global successes like Chandrayaan-3, ISRO has garnered immense respect for delivering high-impact missions at a low cost.

Here’s what’s coming next.

2.1 Gaganyaan: India’s First Human Spaceflight

Gaganyaan is India’s bold leap into human spaceflight.

Mission Goals

Send Indian astronauts (Vyomnauts) to Low Earth Orbit
Demonstrate India’s capability for crewed missions
Develop spaceflight training, life support systems & re-entry tech

ISRO has already:

Tested the crew escape system
Built a human-rated launch vehicle (HLVM3)
Established astronaut training programs

Once launched, India will become only the fourth nation to send humans to space independently.

2.2 Chandrayaan-4: India’s Lunar Sample Return Mission

After the historic success of Chandrayaan-3, ISRO is preparing the ambitious Chandrayaan-4.

This mission aims to:

Land on the Moon
Collect samples
Bring them back to Earth—the first time any country except the U.S. and USSR has attempted it

Bringing lunar soil back to Earth opens the door to research on:

Moon’s formation
Resources like helium-3
Potential use in fusion energy
Future Moon bases

2.3 Aditya-L2: India’s Solar Mission

Aditya-L1, India’s first mission to the Sun, marked a major milestone, and the follow-up—Aditya-L2—is expected to go even deeper.

This mission will:

Monitor solar storms
Improve space weather prediction
Observe solar corona, flares, and magnetic fields

Solar weather influences:

Satellites
GPS navigation
Power grids
Radio communication

As reliance on technology grows, solar studies become critical.

3. SpaceX: The Private Company Transforming Spaceflight

If NASA symbolizes government-led exploration, SpaceX represents the future of commercial space travel.

Elon Musk’s company continues to break records with rapid innovation, reusable rockets, and visions for Mars colonization.

3.1 Starship: The Most Powerful Rocket in History

SpaceX’s Starship system has one mission:
Take humans to Mars.

With the largest thrust ever created, Starship aims to:

Carry cargo and humans to the Moon and Mars
Enable deep-space travel at lower costs
Revolutionize reusable rockets

NASA has already chosen Starship to land astronauts on the Moon for Artemis missions.

Once fully reliable, Starship could reshape global transport—Musk even proposes Earth-to-Earth travel in under one hour.

3.2 Mars Colonization: Musk’s Multi-Planet Vision

SpaceX believes humanity needs to be a multi-planet species.

Their roadmap includes:

Building the first Mars base
Shipping life-support systems
Manufacturing oxygen and fuel on Mars
Creating sustainable habitats

Challenges include:

Toxic atmosphere
Extreme cold
High radiation

But SpaceX argues that with technology and determination, a Martian settlement could be reality by the 2050s.

4. ESA: Europe’s Bold Scientific Missions

The European Space Agency (ESA) is a silent but powerful force behind some of the most sophisticated deep-space missions.

4.1 JUICE: Exploring Jupiter’s Icy Moons

JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer) is one of the most exciting ESA missions ever launched.

It will explore:

Europa
Ganymede
Callisto

These moons contain massive oceans beneath their icy crusts—making them top candidates for extraterrestrial life.

4.2 ExoMars: Searching for Life on Mars

ESA and Roscosmos designed ExoMars missions to look for biosignatures, chemical traces of life.

Though delayed, the planned rover will:

Drill underground samples
Study ancient chemicals
Analyze microbial life signatures

If successful, ExoMars could answer humanity’s biggest question:
Are we alone?

5. Artemis Program: Humanity’s Return to the Moon

We touched on this briefly under NASA, but the Artemis program deserves its own spotlight.

Artemis is not just about reaching the Moon—it’s about staying there.

Artemis Will Build:

Lunar Gateway: A small lunar orbiting space station
Habitation modules: For long-term stays
Lunar base camps: With power systems
Robotic mining systems: To extract resources

Why the Moon first?

It has water ice (fuel + life support)
Lower gravity makes it a launch point for Mars missions
It's perfect for testing long-term living systems

Artemis is essentially a rehearsal for multi-planet life.

6. Asteroid Mining: The Next Economic Revolution?

Asteroids contain:

Rare metals
Precious minerals
Water ice

Some are richer in gold and platinum than Earth itself.

Companies and agencies worldwide are studying how to:

Mine asteroids
Extract water for fuel
Redirect resources for building space stations
Manufacture in space

Why is this important?

6.1 Resources Are Running Out

As Earth faces resource limitations, asteroid mining could supply:

Silicon
Iron
Nickel
Water
Precious metals

6.2 Mars & Moon Colonies Need Materials

Shipping from Earth is expensive; mining in space makes colonies sustainable.

6.3 Global Economic Transformation

Experts predict asteroid mining could create a trillion-dollar economy.

6. Asteroid Mining: The Next Economic Revolution?

Asteroids contain:

Rare metals
Precious minerals
Water ice

Some are richer in gold and platinum than Earth itself.

Companies and agencies worldwide are studying how to:

Mine asteroids
Extract water for fuel
Redirect resources for building space stations
Manufacture in space

Why is this important?

6.1 Resources Are Running Out

As Earth faces resource limitations, asteroid mining could supply:

Silicon
Iron
Nickel
Water
Precious metals

6.2 Mars & Moon Colonies Need Materials

Shipping from Earth is expensive; mining in space makes colonies sustainable.

6.3 Global Economic Transformation

Experts predict asteroid mining could create a trillion-dollar economy.

6. Asteroid Mining: The Next Economic Revolution?

Asteroids contain:

Rare metals
Precious minerals
Water ice

Some are richer in gold and platinum than Earth itself.

Companies and agencies worldwide are studying how to:

Mine asteroids
Extract water for fuel
Redirect resources for building space stations
Manufacture in space

Why is this important?

6.1 Resources Are Running Out

As Earth faces resource limitations, asteroid mining could supply:

Silicon
Iron
Nickel
Water
Precious metals

6.2 Mars & Moon Colonies Need Materials

Shipping from Earth is expensive; mining in space makes colonies sustainable.

6.3 Global Economic Transformation

Experts predict asteroid mining could create a trillion-dollar economy.

Why This Era Is Called “The New Space Age”

Several forces combined to create a golden age of space exploration:

7.1 Technology Is Advancing Faster Than Ever

Reusable rockets, powerful telescopes, AI simulations, and lightweight materials have dramatically reduced costs.

7.2 Private Companies Are Joining the Race

SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, and more are making space accessible to the public.

7.3 Global Collaboration Is Increasing

NASA, ISRO, ESA, JAXA, and private partners now collaborate on missions.

7.4 Human Curiosity Is Growing

People want to know:

What lies beyond Earth?
Did life exist elsewhere?
How did the universe begin?
Can we live on another planet?

Space exploration offers answers.

What the Future Holds

By the 2030s and 2040s, we may witness:

Humans living on the Moon
The first crewed Mars mission
Space tourism is becoming mainstream
Mining operations on asteroids
Interplanetary internet
Ultra-fast Earth-to-Earth travel

Space exploration is no longer science fiction.
It is humanity’s next giant leap.

Conclusion: A Universe of Possibilities

From NASA’s Artemis missions to ISRO’s Gaganyaan and Chandrayaan-4, from SpaceX’s Starship to ESA’s exploration of alien oceans—our species is pushing forward into the cosmic unknown.

This new age of exploration will define the future of humanity.
It will change how we live, how we communicate, how we power our world, and how we understand our place in the universe.

As we move forward, one thing is clear:

The stars are no longer a distant dream. They are our next destination.

AI and Automation in Everyday Life

2025-10-25T08:45:00.000+05:30

AI and Automation in Everyday Life: How Technology Is Transforming India in 2025

In just a few years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gone from being a buzzword in sci-fi movies to an invisible yet powerful presence in our daily lives. From how we shop and travel to how we work, learn, and even relax, AI and automation have quietly taken over many of the small (and big) decisions we make every day.

And this isn’t just happening in Silicon Valley — it’s happening right here, in Indian homes, offices, and streets. Let’s explore how AI is reshaping everyday life in India, the opportunities it’s opening up, and the subtle risks that come with letting machines think for us.

The Invisible Assistant: How AI Saves Time Without Us Realizing

It’s 8 a.m. in Mumbai. Your alarm rings — not because you set it, but because your phone’s AI noticed your calendar and adjusted it for the day’s meeting schedule. You check your commute route, and Google Maps reroutes you away from traffic congestion caused by a protest you didn’t even know about. By the time you sit down for breakfast, your grocery app has already suggested items you’re about to run out of.

That’s AI in action — silent, predictive, and incredibly efficient.

In India, tools like Google Assistant, Alexa, and JioVoice have become household companions. According to a 2025 report by Nasscom, nearly 74% of urban Indian smartphone users now interact with voice-based AI at least once a day. Whether it’s setting reminders, controlling smart bulbs, or searching recipes in Hindi or Tamil, these digital helpers are quietly saving time — often two to three hours a week — by automating small decisions.

Take Ankita Sharma, a marketing manager based in Pune. “Between client calls and managing home, I barely had breathing space,” she says. “Now, I use Notion AI and GrammarlyGO to draft reports faster, and Zapier automations to send updates to my team automatically. It saves me almost two hours every day.”

That’s the first wave of everyday automation — not futuristic robots, but everyday workflows becoming faster and more intelligent.

Smart Homes: When Gadgets Learn How You Live

Remember when a “smart home” sounded like something out of Iron Man? Now, it’s just a Flipkart search away. India’s smart home market has exploded — valued at $8 billion in 2024, and expected to grow by 25% annually, according to Statista.

Today, devices like Mi Smart Bulbs, Philips Hue, and Tata Power EZ Home systems let you control lighting, fans, and even geysers with your phone or a voice command.

But the real power comes from machine learning — devices that learn your habits.

Your smart thermostat can predict when you’ll be home and pre-cool the room. Your security camera recognizes familiar faces and alerts you only for strangers. Your refrigerator can reorder milk before it runs out (Dunzo, Blinkit, or Zepto integrated).

In Bengaluru, IT professional Rohit Nair set up a simple home automation system using Alexa and Wipro Smart Plugs. “When I say ‘Goodnight Alexa,’ it turns off all lights, locks the main door, and starts my white noise machine,” he laughs. “I sleep better — and my electricity bill has gone down 15%.”
Automation isn’t just a luxury now — it’s practical efficiency, especially in cities where time is the most expensive resource.

AI at Work: The New Colleague That Never Sleeps

Workplaces have seen perhaps the biggest AI revolution. From content creation to data analysis, AI tools are now everyday colleagues.

For example, Indian startups like Peppertype.ai, Writesonic, and Jasper India help professionals write marketing content in minutes. Platforms like Yellow.ai are transforming customer service, replacing traditional call centers with intelligent chatbots that handle thousands of conversations simultaneously — in English, Hindi, Tamil, and Bengali.

Meanwhile, in finance, companies such as ZestMoney and Groww use AI to assess creditworthiness or suggest personalized investment plans.

According to a Deloitte India report (2025), companies that adopted AI-powered workflow automation saw productivity improvements of up to 35% and a significant drop in repetitive task loads.

At a Hyderabad-based fintech firm, employees use an AI bot named Anya to prepare data summaries for weekly reports. “It pulls data from our CRM, formats it, and generates insights overnight,” says team lead Rachit Mehta. “What took three hours every Monday now takes 15 minutes.”

In short, AI has become the employee that never sleeps.

When Automation Goes Wrong: The Hidden Risks

For all its convenience, automation isn’t without risks.

Sometimes, over-dependence on AI can dull our problem-solving skills. Many employees now rely entirely on tools like ChatGPT or Canva AI to create reports or presentations without truly understanding the process.

Then there’s the data privacy angle. The more AI learns about you, the more data it needs — your voice patterns, buying history, location data, even facial recognition.

In India, where data protection laws are still evolving, the misuse of AI data could have serious consequences. For example, an AI-driven recruitment tool at a major firm was found to be biased against female candidates, echoing patterns from its training data.

Even smart devices can backfire — a Delhi resident reported her voice assistant ordering groceries she never requested after misinterpreting a background conversation.

Automation saves time, yes — but without human oversight, it can amplify mistakes faster than ever before.

The Human Touch: Balancing Tech with Thought

The future isn’t about man versus machine — it’s about finding harmony.
AI can predict, automate, and optimize, but it can’t feel empathy, context, or creativity the way humans do.

That’s why the next generation of AI adoption in India is focusing on augmented intelligence — tools that assist humans, not replace them.

For instance:

Healthcare AI like Qure.ai helps radiologists detect anomalies faster — but final diagnosis remains human.
EdTech tools such as Byju’s AI mentor personalize learning, but teachers guide emotion and discipline.
Agritech AI startups like CropIn and Fasal help farmers predict yield and weather patterns — yet the farmer’s intuition remains irreplaceable

In Maharashtra, farmer Suresh Patil uses an AI-driven app to monitor soil moisture through his phone. “Earlier I’d water my fields daily,” he says. “Now the app tells me the right day and time — I save water and money.”

It’s a perfect example of AI empowering, not replacing human judgment.

What the Next 5 Years Could Look Like

As we move towards 2030, AI and automation in India will shift from novelty to necessity. Expect:

AI-driven public services (smart traffic lights, automated healthcare scheduling).
Personalized education systems driven by adaptive algorithms.
Voice-first experiences in regional languages, expanding accessibility.
And yes, smarter homes that practically anticipate our moods.

But perhaps the biggest change won’t be in the technology itself — it’ll be in how we adapt our mindset.
Instead of fearing automation, individuals and businesses must learn to collaborate with it.

AI is not the enemy of jobs; it’s a catalyst for new types of jobs — AI trainers, automation auditors, data ethicists, and digital storytellers.

The Final Word: Automation Should Make Us More Human

If used wisely, AI isn’t about surrendering control — it’s about reclaiming time.
Every minute saved from repetitive work is a minute earned for thinking, creating, connecting, and living.

As Ankita, our marketing manager from Pune, puts it: “AI doesn’t replace my work — it gives me space to do the part that matters most: thinking big.”

So, whether you’re automating your morning routine, setting up a smart office, or using AI to craft your next masterpiece — remember:

The real power of technology isn’t in making life faster.
It’s in making life smarter — and, ideally, more human.

The Hollow Between Worlds

2025-10-22T18:22:00.000+05:30

The Door That Breathed

The sea didn’t crash that night.
It whispered.

Each wave dragged across the rocks below the Morren’s Edge cliffs with the sound of wet silk, too slow, too deliberate. The air was cold enough to sting. Above, the moon had turned the color of blood—a red coin suspended in bruised clouds—and everything felt tilted, like the world had forgotten which way was up.

Elara Quinn pulled her hood tighter. “I swear the ocean’s louder when it’s not making noise.”

“Exactly!” Jace beamed, balancing his camera on his shoulder. “That’s how you know the place is haunted. Empty sound. Negative space.”
His breath puffed white. “Welcome back to JaceQuest Paranormal! Tonight, we chase the legend of the Wailing Door!”

“Wow,” Nia muttered, “what a totally safe way to spend a school night.”

Elara smiled despite the unease twisting in her gut. She’d grown up hearing stories about these cliffs—witches buried upright, salt rituals, lost fishermen—but no one ever found anything except fog and broken shells. Still, the eclipse had called to her. For days, she’d dreamed of the cliffs breathing.

Now she could hear them do it.

The sound rose again—a drawn-out inhale through stone lungs. Pebbles trembled near her sneakers.

“Okay,” Jace said, aiming his flashlight toward the ground, “that wasn’t wind.”

The beam caught a jagged line snaking between their feet. The crack widened with a groan, coughing up a smell like old pennies and seaweed. The three of them stepped back as soil collapsed inward, revealing something black underneath—smooth, glistening, alive.

“What the heck…” Nia whispered.

It was a door.

Not built into the rock but grown from it, veins of onyx coiling along its frame. Spirals covered its surface, shifting whenever the light moved. When Elara crouched, she saw her reflection bend and stretch as if she were peering through deep water.

Her pulse synced to the faint rise and fall beneath her fingertips.
The door was breathing.

“Jace, get that camera away from it,” she said.

“Are you kidding? This is gold!” He zoomed in, grinning. “Imagine the clicks. Morren’s Edge—real haunted door!”

The moment his fingers brushed the handle—a curved black hook—the spirals tightened, like muscles flexing. A faint heartbeat pulsed through the ground.
Elara grabbed his sleeve. “Stop! Something’s—”

Then the cliff inhaled.

Air whipped past them, dragging their hair toward the opening. The door’s surface rippled and a sound like a thousand whispers burst out. For an instant, Elara saw inside—a corridor lined with wet stone, shadows fluttering along the walls, and at the end, a tall figure facing away from her.

It turned.

Her lungs forgot to work.
The figure’s face was her own.

Not a mirror version, not a trick of light—her. But pale as driftwood, eyes milk-white, lips moving soundlessly.

Then everything went black.

When Elara woke, dawn bled orange across the horizon. Grass clung to her cheek; the sea roared like nothing had happened. Jace and Nia lay sprawled nearby, breathing but motionless. The fissure was gone. The cliff looked untouched.

“Guys?” Her voice cracked.
No answer.

Her phone buzzed weakly in her pocket. One new notification:
JaceQuest uploaded a new video—“THE DOOR THAT BREATHED | Blood Moon Special”

Elara’s fingers shook as she tapped Play.

Static.
Then the cliffs, lit red by the eclipse. Jace laughing. Nia shouting. The camera jerks toward the black surface. The door opening wider than she remembered—darkness blooming like ink. And then—

The figure stepped forward.
Not hooded this time. Not distant.

It leaned toward the lens until its face filled the screen.
Elara’s own eyes stared back—blank, glassy, grinning too wide.

A whisper leaked through the speakers, low and wet, forming her name.

“Elara… you left the door open.”

The video ended with a single frame frozen: her doppelgänger reaching through the screen, fingertips almost touching the glass.

Her phone vibrated again—notification sound repeating exactly in time with her heartbeat.
But this time, it wasn’t from JaceQuest.

New Message (Unknown Sender):
📁 DoorFootage.MP4 — downloaded

“This one’s from your side.”

Quasars 2

2023-10-23T10:21:00.007+05:30

Quasars also exhibit forbidden spectral emission lines previously observed only in hot,low-density gas nebulae that are too diffuse to generate the observed power and fit into deep gravity wells.There are also serious concerns about the idea of cosmologically distant quasars. A strong argument against them is that the energies they imply far exceed known energy conversion processes, including nuclear fusion. It has been suggested that quasars are composed of a previously unknown stable form of antimatter in a similar unknown region of space,which may be responsible for their brightness. Other speculate that quasars are white holes holes at the end of wormholes or chain reaction of numerous supernovae.

Commencement throughout the 1970s, much evidence(including the first X-ray observatories, erudition of black holes, and modernistic cosmological models) convincingly showed that quasar redshits are factual and that quasars are indeed mighty and formed because of the the expansions of space are as far away as Schmidt and some other astronomers suspected, and their source of energy is material from the accretion disk falling on the supermassive black hole. These include important evidence from optical and X-ray explaining various spectral anomalies,observations through gravitational lensing, Gunn's 1971 revelation of galaxies comprising of quasars have the same redshift as quasars, and Christian;s 1973 discovery that many quasars have "fuzzy environments with lass luminous parent galaxies.

This model also agrees well with other observations showing that numerous or even most galaxies have a massive central black hole. This could also explicate why quasars were most prevalent in the early universe; as quasars pulled matter from their accretion disks, there was a point near which there was less matter, and as the quasars essentially became even more mundanely, energy production would diminish or pause the galaxy altogether.

Modern observations(1970s onward)

Later, it was found that not all quasars emit strong radio waves; only sbout 10% are extremely loud. Hence,these objects are referred to as "QSOs" (quasi-stellar objects) as well as "quasars", further classified into the "radio-loud" and "radio-quiet" classes. There were many implications of the quasar discovery in the 1960s, including a closer link between physics and astronomy. Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity predicted the gravitation lens effect, which was confirmed by images of the double quasar 0957+561 in 1979.

Researches reported in February 2021 that quasars are more prevalent towards Hydra than they are in the opposite direction,indicating that the Earth is moving that way. This dipole,however, is located about 28° away from the direction of the Earth's moon relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation.

The first polarized-based image of a black hole was presented, in March 2021, by a collaboration of scientists related to the Event Horizon Telescope, revealing the forces that create quasars, in particular the black hole at Messier 87, a elliptical galaxy located approximately 55 million light years away in Virgo.

Current Understanding

Currently, we know that quasars are extremely distant but extremely bright objects, so any light that reaches the Earth is redshifted.

It is estimated that quasars contain up to a thousand times the energy output of the Milky Way, which contains 200–400 billion stars. This makes them among the most luminous, powerful, and energetic objects in the universe. There is a uniform emission of this radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to the far infrared, with a peak in the ultraviolet optical bands, with some quasars also emitting radio waves and gamma rays. With high-resolution imaging from ground-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope, the "host galaxies" surrounding the quasars have been detected in some cases.These galaxies are normally too dim to be seen against the glare of the quasar, except with special techniques. Most quasars, with the exception of 3C 273, whose average apparent magnitude is 12.9, cannot be seen with small telescopes.

It is believed and in numerous cases confirmed that quasars form from the accumulation of material in supermassive black holes at the cores of distant galaxies, as Edwin Salpeter including Yakov Zeldovich proposed in 1964. Light and other radiation cannot escape a back hole's event horizon. The enrgy produced by a quasar is generated outside the black hole through gravitational force and tremendous friction within material closest to the black hole as it orbits and falls inwards. The huge luminosity of quasars originates from the accretion disk of the central supermassive black hole, which can convert 5.7% to 32% of the object's mass into energy while the p-p chain nuclear fusion process that dominates it can only convert 0.7% of the energy in star-like suns. Using reverberation mapping, the central mass of the quasar was measured to be between 105 and 109 solar masses. Dozens of nearby large glaxies,including the Milky Way, which do not have active centers and do not eshibit quasar activity, have been shown to contain similar supermassive black holes at their cores(the galactic center). So now all large galaxies are thought to have this type of black holes.but only a small percentage have enough matter in the right orbit at their center to become active and produce radiation, so they are considered quasars.

In the early universe, quasars were more common because this energy production ended when the supermassive black hole consumed all the gas and dust surrounding it. Thus, most galaxies, including the Milky Way, may have gone through an active phase, appearing as quasars or other active galaxies, depending on how much black hole matter there was and how fast it was accreting. Due to a lack of matter to feed into their central black holes, they are now quiescent.

As matter accretes onto the black hole, it will have some angular momentum around the black hole, which will cause it to collect in an accretion disc. Quasars may also be re-ignited when galaxies merge and a fresh source of matter is infused into the black hole. Approximately 3–5 billion years from now, when the Andromeda Galaxy collides with the Milky Way galaxy, a quasar is likely to form.

According to unified models developed in the 1980s, quasars are a type of active galaxy, and in many cases, it is simply their viewing angle that differentiates them from other active galaxies, such as blazars and radio galaxies.

With a redshift of 7.54 [51], ULAS J1342+0928 (as of December 2017) corresponds to a comoving distance of approximately 29.36 billion light-years from Earth. The universe is expanding, which means light cannot travel the same distance as it can in its 13.8 billion-year history.

As we know now, many quasars are triggered by collisions between galaxies, which drive the galaxies' mass into the supermassive black holes at their centers.

Properties

As of August 2020, more than 750,414 quasars have been discovered, most of which are part of Sloan Digital Sky Survey. All observed quasar spectra have redshifts between 0.056 and 7.64(as of 2021). Applying Hubble's law to these redshifts shows that they are between 600 million light-years and 29.36 billion light years away from us(in terms of co-moving distance). Because quasars are so far away from the most distant quasars and the speed of light is limited, they and the space around them appear as they did in the early universe.

Quasars get their power from supermassive black hole, which are believed to exist at the cores of most galaxies. Doppler shifts of stars near the galaxy's core indicate that they are orbiting a massive mass with a very steep gravitational gradient, suggesting the presence of a black hole.

Although quasars appear faint when viewed from Earth,they can be seen from extremely large distances and are among the most luminous objects in the known universe. The brightest quasar in the sky is 3C 273 in the constellation Virgo. It has an average apparent magnitude of 12.8(bright enough to be seen with medium-sized amateur telescopes), but an absolute magnitude of -26.7. From a distance of about 33 light-years, the object will shine as brightly in the sky as the Sun. Therefore, the luminosity of this quasar is about 4 trillion(4× 10¹²) times the luminosity of the Sun, or about 100 times the total luminosity of giant galaxies such as the Milky Way. It is assumed that quasar emits energy in all directions, but the active galactic nucleus emits preferentially in the direction of its jet. In a universe with hundreds of billions of galaxies,most of which had active nuclei billions of years ago but are only visible today,it is statistically certain that thousands of energy beams should be aimed at Earth,some of which are more straightforward than others. In many cases, the brighter the quasar, the more directly its beam is aimed at Earth. Such quasars are called blazars.

When the super luminous quasar APM 08279+5255 was discovered in 1998,its absolute magnitue was -32.2. High-resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope and the 10m Keck Telescope suggest that the system is gravitational lensing . Examination of the system's gravitational lensing effect revealed that the emitted light was amplified by a factor of about 10. It is still much brighter than nearby quasars such as 3C 273.

Quasars were significantly more typical in the early universe than they are today. This revelation by Maarten Schmidt in 1967 was serious areas of strength for early against consistent state cosmology and for the Enormous detonation cosmology. Quasars show the places where supermassive dark openings are developing quickly (by growth). Itemized recreations revealed in 2021 showed that cosmic system structures, for example, winding arms, utilize gravitational powers to 'slow down' gas that would somehow or another circle world focuses always; rather the slowing down component empowered the gas to fall into the supermassive dark openings, delivering colossal brilliant energies. These dark openings co-develop with the mass of stars in their host system in a way not completely perceived as of now. One thought is that planes, radiation and winds made by the quasars shut down the development of new stars in the host system, a cycle called "criticism". The planes that produce solid radio discharge in certain quasars at the focuses of bunches of systems are known to have sufficient ability to forestall the hot gas in those groups from cooling and falling on to the focal universe.

Quasars radiances are variable, with time scales that reach from months to hours. This implies that quasars create and radiate their energy from a tiny district, since each piece of the quasar would need to be in touch with different parts on such a period scale as to permit the coordination of the glow varieties. This would imply that a quasar fluctuating on a period size of half a month can't be bigger than a couple of light-weeks across. The emanation of a lot of force from a little district requires a power source definitely more proficient than the atomic combination that powers stars. The change of gravitational possible energy to radiation by infalling to a dark opening believers somewhere in the range of 6% and 32% of the mass to energy, contrasted with 0.7% for the transformation of mass to energy in a star like the Sun.[43] It is the main cycle realized that can create such high control over an extremely long haul. (Heavenly blasts, for example, cosmic explosions and gamma-beam explodes, and direct matter-antimatter demolition, can likewise deliver extremely high power yield, yet supernovae just keep going for quite a long time, and the universe doesn't seem to have had a lot of antimatter at the significant times.)

Since quasars show every one of the properties normal to other dynamic systems, for example, Seyfert worlds, the emanation from quasars can be promptly contrasted with those of more modest dynamic universes controlled by more modest supermassive dark openings. To make a glow of 1040 watts (the regular brilliance of a quasar), a supermassive dark opening would need to consume what could be compared to 10 sun powered masses each year. The most splendid realized quasars gobble up 1000 sunlight based masses of material consistently. The biggest known is assessed to consume matter identical to 10 Earths each second. Quasar glows can differ impressively over the long run, contingent upon their environmental factors. Since it is hard to fuel quasars for a long time, after a quasar wraps up accumulating the encompassing gas and residue, it turns into a normal world.

Radiation from quasars is somewhat "nonthermal" (i.e., not because of dark body radiation), and around 10% are seen to likewise have planes and curves like those of radio cosmic systems that additionally convey critical (however inadequately comprehended) measures of energy as particles moving at relativistic velocities. Incredibly high energies may be made sense of by a few components (see Fermi speed increase and Divergent instrument of speed increase). Quasars can be recognized over the whole discernible electromagnetic range, including radio, infrared, noticeable light, bright, X-beam and even gamma beams. Most quasars are most brilliant in their rest-outline bright frequency of 121.6 nm Lyman-alpha emanation line of hydrogen, yet because of the gigantic redshifts of these sources, that top glow has been seen as far to the red as 900.0 nm, in the close to infrared. A minority of quasars show solid radio emanation, which is created by planes of issue moving near the speed of light. When seen descending, these show up as blazars and frequently have areas that appear to get away from the middle quicker than the speed of light (superluminal development). This is an optical deception because of the properties of exceptional relativity.

Quasar redshifts are estimated from areas of strength for the lines that rule their apparent and bright outflow spectra. These lines are more splendid than the ceaseless range. They show Doppler expanding relating to mean speed of a few percent of the speed of light. Quick movements unequivocally show a huge mass. Outflow lines of hydrogen (predominantly of the Lyman series and Balmer series), helium, carbon, magnesium, iron and oxygen are the most brilliant lines. The iotas producing these lines range from nonpartisan to profoundly ionized, leaving it exceptionally charged. This extensive variety of ionization shows that the gas is exceptionally lighted by the quasar, not only hot, and not by stars, which can't deliver such an extensive variety of ionization.

Like all (unobscured) dynamic universes, quasars can areas of strength for be beam sources. Radio-noisy quasars can likewise deliver X-beams and gamma beams by reverse Compton dispersing of lower-energy photons by the radio-producing electrons in the jet.[59]

Iron quasars show solid discharge lines coming about because of low-ionization iron (Fe II, for example, IRAS 18508-7815)

Quasars 1

2023-10-19T11:30:00.005+05:30

What are Quasars?

The word quasar stands for quasi-stellar radio source. Quasars got that name because they looked star-like when astronomers first began to notice them in the laste 1950s and early 60s. But quasars are not stars. Scientists now know they are young galaxies, located at vast distances from us, with their numbers increasing towards the edge of the visible universe. How can they be so far away and yet still visible?The answer is that quasars are extremely bright,up to 1000 times brighter than our Milky way galaxy. We know, therefore that they are highly active, emitting staggering amounts of radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

More than a million quasars have been found,with the nearest known being about 600 million light-years form Earth. he record for the most distant known quasar continues to change. In 2017,quasar ULAS J1342+0928 was detected at redshift z=7.54. Light observed form this 800 million solar-mass quasar was emitted when the universe was only 690 million years old.In 2020, quasar Pōniuāʻena or J100758.264+211529.207 or J1007+2115 was detected from a time only 700 million years after the big bang, and with an estimated mass of 1.5 billion times the mass of the Sun. In early 2021, the quasar OSO J0313-1806, with a 1.6 billion-solar-mass black hole, was reported at z=7.64, 670 million years after the Big Bang. Quasar discovery surveys have shown that quasar activity was more common in the distant past;the peak was approximately 10 billion years ago. Concentrations of multiple,gravitationally attracted quasars are known as large quasar groups and constitute some of the larget known structures in the universe.

Supermassive black holes power the bright nuclei of young galaxies in the early universe — quasars. But how do these black holes gain supermassive status in less than a billion years?

Supermassive Centers

Quasars are truly superlative objects — they are the brightest objects we know of, and some astronomers claim that they’re also the most interesting! Quasars are so luminous that we can observe them at outrageous distances — the most distant quasar discovered shines from roughly 13 billion light-years away. This vast distance means that we see quasars as they were when the universe was less than a billion years old, on the edge of the epoch of reionization(In the fields of Big Bang theory and cosmology, reionization is the process that caused electrically neutral atoms in the universe to reionize after the lapse of the "dark ages".), when the first stars and galaxies suffused the universe with photons and put an end to the cosmic dark ages. These ultra-bright objects are thought to be the nuclei of young galaxies, powered by the accretion of material onto a central supermassive black hole. The presence of supermassive black holes so early in the universe’s history poses a challenge for theorists. How, exactly, does a black hole amass so much material in just a few hundred million years?

Sensitive Spectroscopy

The size of a supermassive black hole in the early universe is determined by the masses of the smaller black hole “seeds” from which it forms as well as the rate at which it accretes gas from its surroundings. In order to determine the masses and accretion rates of young supermassive black holes, a team led by Jinyi Yang (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona) analyzed infrared spectra of 37 quasars with redshifts between 6.3 and 7.64 — roughly 700 to 900 million years after the Big Bang. Yang and collaborators calculated the masses of the black holes in their sample to be in the range of 300 million to 3.6 billion solar masses and found that they accrete at 0.26 to 2.3 times the Eddington limit — the theorized point at which the outward push of radiation generated by accretion is so strong that it balances the inward pull of gravity.

Gauging Growth

The authors estimate that the black holes in their sample must have arisen from black hole seeds no smaller than 1,000 to 10,000 solar masses — but it’s not clear what process could generate these seeds. The collapse of the first generation of stars is one possibility, but these massive stars likely only formed black holes of a few hundred solar masses. Another option is the collapse of gas clouds directly into black holes without first forming stars, but this process is thought to be extremely rare. Even if the seeds are small, rapid accretion could still bulk these early-universe black holes up to the masses we observe. However, in order to reach billions of solar masses, early-universe black holes would need nearly a billion years of sustained accretion at a rate far exceeding the Eddington limit — anywhere from a few to a few thousand times this limit, depending on the seed mass — and most of the quasars in this study are accereting too slowly. The jury is still out on how supermassive black holes in the early universe gain their impressive size — perhaps in addition to being the most luminous and most interesting objects in the universe, quasars are also the most mysterious!

Development of physical understanding (1960s)

Redshits at extreme can indicate great distance and velocity, but they can also be caused by extreme mass or some other unknown law of nature. In addition to extreme velocity and distance, extreme power output would also be inconceivable without an explanation. By interferometry and by observing how the quasar's output varied with time, as well as by their inability to be seen with even the most powerful visible-light telescopes as anything more than faint stars, the small size of the quasars was confirmed. The power output of such a system would have to be enormous and difficult to explain if it were small and far from the earth. It would also be easier to explain their apparent power output if they were smaller and closer to this galaxy, but less easy to explain their redshifts and lack of movement against the background of the universe if they were much smaller.

It was also noted by Schmidt that redshift is also linked with the expansion of the universe as shown by Hubble's law. An explanation for the measured redshift could be very distant objects with extraordinarily high luminosity and power output, much greater than anything observed so far. This extreme brightness could also explain the huge radio signals. Schmidt concluded that 3C 273 could be a single star about 10 kilometers across in (or near) the galaxy, or it could be a distant active galactic nucleus. He said it was more likely that there was a distant and extremely powerful objects.

Schmidt's explanation for the high redshift was not widely accepted at the time. One major concern is that if these objects are very far away, they will have to radiate a lot of energy. In the 1960s, there was no accepted mechanism to explain this. The currently accepted explanation is that the material in the accretion disk fell into the supermassive black hole. This explanation was not proposed until 1964 by Edwin E. Salpeter and Yakov Zeldovich. At that time, it was rejected by many astronomers, as was the existence of black holes, they were only considered theoritical. Various explanations were proposed in the 1960s and 1970s, but each had its own problems. It has been suggested that quasars are nearby objects whose redshift is due not to the expansion of space but to light escaping from deep gravitational sources. This would require a huge object, which would also explain the high luminosity. However, a star massive enough to produce the measured redshift would be unstable and exceed the Hayashi limit.

NEXT PART

Chandrayaan-3

2023-09-15T09:14:00.004+05:30

Hey friends, we all know that Chandrayann-3 was a successful mission, and ISRO's hard work finally paid off. This is a great achievement for mankind. Today I am going to tell you more about this topic, so keep reading.

The first mission, Chandrayann-1 was a breakthrough as it discovered water on the moon changing the way we perceived out celestial neighbor.

However, the real surprise was to come later. Chandrayaan-2 launched in 2019 was deigned with a orbiter a lander named Vikram and a small rover called Pragyan.

Unfourtunately, a few seconds before landing Vikram lost contact and could not reach the Moon's surface as planned due to a small error. K Sivan, the then chairman of ISRO described this nerve-wracking process as the "15 minutes of terror" for his team. The setback was not only disheartening for the ISRO scientists but also a poignant moment for the entire nation.

But, ISRO didn't succumb to despair, instead they embraced the challenge, learned from their mistakes, and immediately embarked on their next venture, Chandrayaan-3. Then on the remarkable day of July 14th 2023 the powerful LVM3 heavy lift rocket lifted flawlessly from Sriharikota Space Station in Andhra Pradesh

carrying the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft with the Vikram lander and the Pragyan rover on board. This spacecraft had a special mission of a 41-day journey to the moon.

As projected on August 23,2023 at 6:04 pm Indian Standard Time, the vikram lander gently touched down to moon's surface perfectly. Following this historic moment, India joined an elite club of space explorers The United States, The Soviet Union and China who had successfully sent robotic crafts to land on the moon.

But wait, there is more. This landing was different from the others. Why? That is because Chndrayaan-3 landed on the moon's south polar region,a spot that no one had ever touched before. After the landing, Chandrayaan-3 waited for the lunar dust to settle and then the Pragyan rover rolled out of the lander and started talking a walk on the moon.

Then Pragyan studied the elements available on the south pole of moon. It confirmed the presence of Sulfur, Oxygen , Aluminum , Calcium and more. The detection of sulfur holds particular significance as its a relatively uncommon element found on the moon. Its occurrence in lunar south pole region, suggests the potential existence of water ice, a critical factor for future lunar missions, and potential human settlements. These finding underscore the importance of lunar exploration in advancing our knowledge of the universe. As the quest for knowledge continues the global community eagerly anticipates, further relevations from the Indian Space Research Organization.

FUN FACTS

Did you know, the first discovery of water on the moon was made by the ISRO's Chandrayann-1 mission? Chandrayaan-3 discovered a temperature drop from around 50 C from the moon's surface to -10 C just 80 mm below it.

Eraser

2023-03-20T15:26:00.000+05:30

Who invented the eraser?

Well, what does an eraser do it sometimes helps us to undo our mistakes right so let's talk about the invention of the eraser today let's go.

Erasers are the little board of rubber that almost like magic and undo your mistakes and changes marked by tiny little pencils these vital inventions can come in various colors, shapes, and sizes and can be made of different materials like denial plastic or gum-like materials through modern erasers are relatively new inventions but releases a general category candidate back as old as writing itself.

Yes before rubber erasers the ancient Greeks used wax tablets to erase lead or charcoal marks from paper while other cultures use bits of rough stone such as sandstone or pumice to remove minor errors from parchment or paperless documents written in ink. Until 1700 the Japanese used soft bread that can be decrusted moistened and boiled up as a way of erasing writing errors.

But it was in 1736 a French explorer named Charles Marie de la Condamine came across a few South American native Indians using a particular tree reason to make bouncing balls so he decided to send these robbery reasons to Europe prompting intense scientific interest.

Over day the English scientist Joseph Priestley discovered its mystical ability to rub lead pencil marks and called it rubber. Though Joseph may have discovered robbers erasing properties its the British engineer Edward Nairne who is generally credited with developing and marketing the first rubber eraser in Europe and Edward claimed to have come upon his invention accidentally.

Yes one fine day while writing instead of bread crumbs he mistakenly picked up a piece of rubber and realised its erasing properties soon he began selling rubber erasers that became popular among the masses but there was a tiny weenie problem with this product as the rubbers were not durable and would rot, a solution to this rotting problem came in 1839 when an American inventor Charles Goodyear accidentally discovered how to vulcanize rubber after dropping a piece of material treated with sulphur on a hot stove this process made rubber long-lasting and helped it achieve the popularity its choice today.

But how do these eraser swipe the paper clean. well, it works due to the properties of pencil marks yes see the pencil lid is made of graphite, a soft material made up of crystals and carbons these graphites are mixed with clay to make a hard pencil lid.

So when we use this mixture to write on paper it sticks to the paper's fibers but as eraser materials are more sticky than fiber particles of paper the graphite particles end up getting stuck to the eraser instead isn't it magical my friends.

Fun Facts

Do you know the little razors on pencil ends are known as plugs yes and those small metal bands containing the plugs are called ferrules.

If you found this information interesting stay tuned for the invention of the pencil which I'm gonna be giving in this blog only, thanks for reading

Diwali

2022-10-26T14:45:00.000+05:30

Diwali

Hey friends. Happy Diwali. Hope you are doing well. Today I am going to narrate the story of Diwali to you guys. Diwali is one of the biggest and most important festivals of the year. During this festival, we light lamps outside our homes to symbolize the inner light, that protects us from the darkness of evil.

This festival has been celebrated for ages and has multiple stories, but the most popular one is the return of lord Ram to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile. Let's go to the start of this story. Lord Rama's wife Goddess Sita along with lord Laxman were sent to exile.

Eventually, they found a beautiful place in the forests to stay. Everything was going well until one day a demoness named Surpanakha spotted them and was flattered by the handsome prince. So she approached lord Rama for marriage but he refused politely.

The refusal enraged Surpanakha and she decided to attack Sita. However, before she could succeed Lakshman attacked her and cut her nose. But, Surpanakha wasn't just another demon, she was the sister of a terrible and powerful demon king, Ravan who had ten heads and was feared across the earth and heaven.

Surpanakha informed her brother about Sita's beauty and how he deserved to marry her. So, one day Ravan abducted Sita and took her in his magic chariot which could fly. But Sita was really clever and left a trail of her jewellery.

Ram identified the jewellery and followed the trail until he met the mighty Hanuman. Hanuman found Sita, on a distant island across the giant wavy ocean. So, hanuman and the rest of the army started to build a bridge also known as the ram setu. After fighting for days, Ram gained victory and save Sita.

They then went back to Ayodha. This day is celebrated as the festival of lights, as every citizen of Ayodha lighted the houses with diyas to celebrate the return of lord ram.

Milk

2021-12-17T18:53:00.005+05:30

Lactose intolerance

Hey friends, ever wondered the milk that all of us drink can also be harmful for our body besides its benefits. So, lets explore the pros and cons of milk. let's go.

Ever since humans started domesticating animals like sheep, cows and goat milk has become an integral part of our diet due to its nutritional values and health benefits. But in recent times milk and other dairy products have become controversial as some people claim it to be unhealthy and a reason behind many fatal diseases.

Some of the complaints also have evidence two back back them up. The biggest complaint about milk is its connection with an enzyme called lactose, which is produced in our body. You see when we are babies our body generates enough lactose to break milk sugar lactose that helps digest milk easily.

But as we grow older the lactose production decreases, which makes it hard to digest milk in the condition called lactose intolerance. Not only that but cows milk is the leading cause of allergic reactions in young children. It is one of the eight food responsible for 90% of childhood allergies.

Besides all this the best known adverse of consuming milk are the development of acne. Yes researchers have found out that skimmed milk can increase the rate of acne by 24%. But people fighting a case against milk aren't just stopping there, and challenging it with more serious accusations such as the development of cardiovascular diseases, brittle bones and even cancer.

But, is there any truth to these claims? Well some old time researchers saw slight connection between milk and the risk of certain types of cancers? But recently in depth studies have debunked these claims and found no connection at all between them. In fact the calcium present in milk might play a role to protect us from colon cancer.

Likewise any studies didn't find any risk of the connection of milk with life threatening diseases. But strangely enough when it comes to our bones it is a little complicated as it has neither good or bad effects on adults.

But the vital question remains is milk healthy or not? Well despite, all the doubts about it one thing is for sure, that all kinds of milks are full of nutrients like fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals.

So in places with a limited food supply and low standard of living milk can be a good source of energy that can help reduce child mortality. living in well standard places unless they have allergic to then or those who have lactose intolerance, milk can be a good source of energy and vitamin B in general. So milk retains its case and places itself healthy drink.

Did you know that about 62% of the population is lactose intolerance. Which means they can't digest more than 150ml of milk a day .

Hope you got to know something interesting!!!!!

To know about some animals with superpower click👉 WEIRD

Haunted-part 3

2021-11-27T16:12:00.000+05:30

Haunted- part 3

Previous part

(Suddenly mark was thrown from one side to another)

Mark: "What's happening?"

A grumpy voice answered: "Kid this is not the place to take rest."

Mark: "What do you mean and who are you?"

The grumpy voice said:" I am the next challenge, My name is strongy. Defeat me if you want to go ahead"

Strongy: "You have to kill me in a sword fight"

Mark: "I have never killed anybody I don't if I can do this"

Strongy: "Oh! well your parents were braver than you"

Mark: "How are you still alive if they killed you"

Strongy: "I am a protector of this forest the forest rejuvenates me as soon as you or any other traveller finishes their quest"

Strong: "Get ready to die"

(Then the fight starts. Mark starts it. He was about to get defeated when he remembered what his father told him " It ok sometimes to run the other way of a fight it's better not to start a fight"

He backed off immediately)

Strongy: "clever"

(This time Mark was on the lead. He was about to kill strongy but hesitated and threw the sword away and instead picked strongy up)

Strongy: "You have to kill me if you want to go ahead and save your mother."

Mark: "As I said I have never killed anyone in my life and nor will I ever I am not making your just for my own selfish needs I am not my parents"

Strongy: "Kindness, You have a big heart of gold Thank you and I was wrong you are indeed not like your parents"

Mark: "Well I believe the kindness you put in the world has always been a way of coming back to you"

Strongy: "For the kindness, you've shown has also filled my heart with kindness you have to the same with your mother even a little bit of kindness will bring back your mother"

Mark: "Thank you for your help I must leave now"

(Mark enters in a place full of mist and darkness not even a single streak of light seemed to pass through. Suddenly he fell into a big hole and fainted instantly)

(When he woke up he was back home he was surprised that what had happened. Then suddenly he's dad was beside him angry on him)

Mark: " Dad why do you look so angry"

His dad: " Why won't I? You were unsuccessful to bring your mother back and also broke your leg. you would have died there luckily strongy saved you"

Mark: "No! that isn't possible I... I"

His dad: " I wouldn't be so angry with you but you lost your quest and lost your mother forever"

(Mark stayed in the same room forever without being to forgive himself)

(He eventually got sicker and sicker)......................

To be continued.........................

Haunted part-2

2021-11-19T19:53:00.005+05:30

Previous part

Mark: "I... don't know I... um... I don't think such a thing even exists"

The riddler: "you have answered my question wrong and now I have gone stronger than ever if you answer the next question wrong as well consider that you have lost"

Mark: "But what was the answer I want to know I want to know that if you are lying"

The Riddler: "Even if I can lie but my powers won't lie to you I am growing powerful means you are wrong and if you want to know the answer it was keyboard"

Mark: "what is even a keyboard?"

The Riddler: "I'm not lying mark the keyboard is a thing in the future"

Mark: "That's cheating we are not in the future we are in the present and you should always ask questions from the present. It's just not fair.

The Riddler: "I don't have all day Mark you did a question wrong just accept it, answer the next question right it will be a tie and there's the tie-breaker my favorite"

The Riddler: "The next question is, I go up and I go down

I am blazing and hot.

If you look right at me, your eyes will wish you had not

What am I?"

Mark: "Sun!"

The Riddler: "Correct! now this will be the tiebreaker so answer carefully The answer is only one word so you will only have the chance to say 1 word keep that in mind"

The Riddler: "I am always there for you following you

around like my best friend copying everything you do

a lot of times you see me on the ground

what am I?"

Mark: "easy......."

The Riddler: "uh oh I told you only one word easy is definitely not the answer your over-confidence made you lose"

Mark: "Well you haven't grown all-powerful I haven't lost yet"

The Riddler: "You have lost anyway even if you get this correct you can't make me disappear into thin air"

Mark: "I know but I'm gonna try I have hope that I can save my mom and I will win with that hope within me"

(The Riddler suddenly becomes weaker)

The Riddler: "Ugh! you must be wondering mark why did I become weaker well hope is one of my enemies as well the hope inside you made me weaker, now this round if you win you will turn me into thin air"

The Riddler: "I am a very hot ball up in the sky

I twinkle and shine look small and bright

what am I?

Mark: a star!

(suddenly screams start from everywhere and there are strong winds mark is confused suddenly the Riddler transforms into something no one could have even thought of not fog but before he turned into a fog he turned into a miserable creature with no hands the legs all twisted blood everywhere! Mark was petrified Suddenly he heard a song or more like a tune he was so distracted he didn't even see that all the mysterious things had stopped happening)

(Suddenly a voice started to tell him...

" you can enter the forest because you have turned The Riddler into the fog. You are a brave man just like your parents. I know that you have come to take your mom back. I will give you a hint the way you felt overconfident and your overconfidence was broken by hope you have to rise that hope in your mother again if you want her back"

Mark: "thank you, but who are you?"

The voice: "I....laughs, you will know soon"

(Mark enters the forest. It wasn't that much scary. It was indeed enchanting beautiful he thinks of taking a little rest. He knew that the quests weren't over. It will go on until finishes all the quests..............

Next Part

Space

2021-11-13T23:12:00.003+05:30

Why is space black?

Hey friends, ever wondered in the night sky when there is a big lit moon and twinkling stars still the sky is black? Let's answer this deep and dark question then," WHY IS SPACE BLACK?"

Is the universe dark?

It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy dark matter makes up about 27% of the rest of everything on earth everything ever observed with all of our instruments all normal matter adds up to less than 5% of the universe

Our sun is a star that single-handedly illuminates our days with bright light and vibrant colors

as we all know there are countless such twinkling stars in the universe. That means that our space should be flashing with brightness. Isn't it friends?

But for some strange reason, the space is still dark. Now this of course makes us wants to know that why the space is black? But to know that first, we should know that why the earth has so much light.

The answer for that actually lies in the Earth's atmosphere layer.

Yes, this layer is made up of molecules of gases, water droplets dust, and dirt. So when the light comes from the Sun tit scatters in different colors that travel in a different direction, allowing us to see the blue sky and the gorgeous shades of sunrise and sunset.

All those space has some gas and cosmic dust, but there is no atmosphere with molecules to reflect the traveling light. Hence space appears dark due to it. Now you must be wondering that what will happen if the earth loses its atmosphere? If the earth loses its atmosphere then the earth will constantly be in darkness too.

(come back to my blog if you want to know about what will happen to the Earth if it will lose its atmosphere I will be writing it soon)

But, I know what you're thinking if light keeps traveling constantly then why doesn't the light enter our atmosphere and lighten the earth even at night. Well, that's because the scientists believe that since The Big Bang(stay tuned if you also want to know about the big band theory) occurred 13.8 million years ago everything has been moving away from the point of the cosmic egg from where it all began.

In other words, our universe is still expanding and things are getting further away from each other. This also includes light particles that are moving away and spreading out fleeting for the dark spots in the space. Not only that, this expansion causes the wavelength of the light to expand so much that it fades away before reaching our eyes.

Just like the light coming from a torch can't go beyond a certain distance. Another reason why the space is black is that light can travel at a specific speed. As most stars are located far from our planet( the nearest star to earth is the Sun and the second is Proxima Centauri) the light coming from them is yet to reach us or it may die even before reaching our planet.

But then what about the stars that are close to the earth for example the sun and Proxima Centauri. Well, you won't believe it but our second nearest star Proxima Centauri is four light-years from us which is about 25 trillion miles away (a lot of distance).

Comparatively, Sun is only 93 million miles away from us (not that it is a very short distance it is a pretty long distance but at least less than Proxima Centauri's distance from us). Plus Proxima is seven times smaller than our Sun and gives a fraction of the Sun's light. So, as there is no other bright object near our planet, space seems to be a dark place to us.

Here's the thing my friends' space only appears dark because our eyes cannot detect any other form of light. But scientists have invented advanced technologies which are enough to allow them to see other colors which are hidden from our naked eyes. This has given them the chance to determine what gases make up some of the nebulas. Hopefully, there will be glasses that will also once allow us to see these colors too.

(To see more blogs about space click👉Meteors)

Haunted

2021-10-31T16:33:00.004+05:30

Hey, friends want to go to the haunted world again? Then let's go.

Mark was a little boy. He lived with his father. His father always used to sing a song to him.

♪♪Once in a Halloween, the ghosts from the underworld come and get's you♪♪

♪♪Don't get fooled by their looks, they can change into anyone a kid, a peasant anyone♪♪

♪♪So beware♪♪ Beware♪♪

♪♪They all serve the same master♪♪

♪♪ Always so loyal♪♪ Sooo loyal♪♪

♪♪If you want to meet them♪♪ then go to the enchanted forest out there behind the mountains♪♪

♪♪ there will be tests you have to overcome♪♪

♪♪ if you get through the forest will show the path♪♪

♪♪ But it will be dangerous♪♪

♪♪So beware♪♪ Beware♪♪

Now, that you know the song I am guessing you have the idea of the story. Mark always wanted to see the underground monsters his father always told him about. Once he told his father that he wanted to go out in the enchanted forest.

After hearing that his father was shocked and showed Mark his leg. It was made of wood. Mark asked," Papa what is this? What happened to your leg" His father answered, "Mark I have always sung the song to you. But don't you think it had a missing tune? I never told you this but that missing line that missing tune is ♪♪ Many tried but they never came back♪♪ Have you ever wondered why you never saw your mom?

When you were born we left you to your Grandma and went to an enchanted forest. We conquered the quests we won all of them but to our misfortune mistakenly a tree of the enchanted forest got burned by us. It wasn't intentional. Your mom was walking with a fire marshal in her hand and she fell and the marshal lit up the tree.

The enchanted forest didn't link it your mom was burned and I cam out of there somehow, from then on I take care of you." Mark asked," But Papa isn't there a curse that anyone who dies in the enchanted forest turns into an underworld monster" His father answered," Yes, my son, your mother is one of them"

Mark said," Papa now I am determined to go the enchanted forest and bring mom back." His father said," But you can't bring your mother back until you defeat the head, the master, the ruler, the evil, the king of the underworld monsters. How will you defeat it" Mark answered," I don't know Papa but remember once you only told me that after someone fulfills the quests of the enchanted forest it willing gives them a gift, maybe I just have to ask the forest for the break of the evil monster."

Mark got ready for his journey and set off the next day. To go to the enchanted forest he first had to cross the mountain of yan. It was a pretty deadly mountain. But Mark was successfully able to cross the mountain.

When he reached the gate of the enchanted forest a foggy thing, with two big horns more like a reindeer, two black holes for eyes welcome him. Mark was shocked and asked," What are you? The creature answered," I am the riddler I have the most riddle-mind in the world."

"If you want to enter the enchanted forest you have to turn me into the real fog by answering my questions. Your parents were intelligent could get through but can you?"

"My first question is, I have keys but no lock,

I have a space but no room

you can enter but can't go outside

What am I?"

Next part

What do you guys think can Mark answer this?

HAPPY HALLOWEEN

Silky silk

2021-10-22T17:54:00.001+05:30

The history of silk

Hey friends, ever wondered how the silk all of us love came into existence? If you don't keep reading and tell me down in the comments if you liked it. Let's go and learn the history of silk.

According to legend, Lady Hsi-ling-Shih, the wife of the mythical Yellow Emperor who is said to have ruled China in about 3000 bc. One day, Hsi-ling-Shih was sharpening her sword while sipping tee under a mulberry tree. A cocoon fell into her hot cup of tea and began to unravel in just a little while.

When the empress was about to take a sip, she was shocked to see shiny threads rolling out of hr tea. The empress was so impressed by these shiny threads that she set on a hunt to discover its source. Her search led her to the bombyx Mori silkworm. She frantically went around the mulberry tree at all the cocoons trying to discover something.

She saw the worms wrapped up in their cocoons covered in thread-like material. It gave her an idea of weaving it into a fabric. She quickly went back to her chamber and designed a method of production to create silk.

After a lot of time, she sent her servants to collect eggs laid by the silkworm. Baby worms known as Larva hatched 2 weeks later and were fed mulberry leaves for a month. The process increased their body weight 10,000 fold and they grew up to 3 inches.

The larva began to secrete liquid raw silk from their salivary glands. When the liquid came in contact with air, it solidified into a single thread. The pupating larva spun itself into thick cozy cocoons. This was the first step towards the formation of silk fiber!

The cocoons were then boiled for 3 minutes to kill the pupa before it transformed into a moth. Boiling the cocoon melted the gelatinous protein that was binding the cocoon. They took 50 cocoons and reeled them through a single hole of a bamboo stick from a hand-operated reel.

As the threads passed through together, the remaining protein glued together forming a single thick thread. The threads were finally woven into shimmery and smooth pieces of silk cloth.

Until 200 Bc, silk was reserved for personal use by Chinese royalty only. As the mulberry silkworms were found only in China they used it to their advantage. China had a monopoly over the silk trade and kept the worm a secret. Demand for silk became very popular. People from around the world started trading silk for gold and silver coins. But the secret didn't stay a secret for long.

By 300 AD, Korea started producing silk, thanks to a few Chinese immigrants who settled there. Soon the production of silk spread to Japan, India and Persia too! Eventually, China lost its monopoly.

By the 13th century, Italy had entered the hall of fame in silk history. It became the highest producer of silk. Soon France started challenging Italy's dominance over silk. But in recent days China has regained its no 1 status as the King of Silk Production.

Why is silk so valuable?

Silk is very expensive of its limited availability and costly production. It takes more than 5000 silkworms to produce just one kilogram of silk. The farming, killing and harvesting of thousands of silkworm cocoons are resource-heavy, labor-intensive and costly processes.

What are the four types of silk?

There are four types of natural silk produced around the world: Mulberry silk, Eri Silk, Tasar silk, and Muga silk.

FUN FACTS

Did you know that a silk rope is stronger than an equally thick metal wire? In fact, is the strongest natural fiber known to men.

It is also used to dress wounds, as it can dissolve and be absorbed into the body.

Katyayani

2021-10-13T09:19:00.004+05:30

Navaratri 7th day
Previous part

Hey friends, I told you about Ma Kalratri yesterday. Today I will tell you the story of Ma Katyayni. But, first I will tell you what happened to Dugamasur after he rejected Ma Kalratri's advice. You already know that Durgamasur was the king of all three worlds. Seeing Durgamasur's wrath the Devas were worried. They went to Devi Parvati for a solution. She told them to ask rishi or sage Katyan to perform a Yaga.

From that Yaga rose Devi Durga. Lord Visnu gave Sudarshan Chakra and sankh(an instrument) to Devi Durga. Surya dev gave bow and arrow. Indradevgave bajra(an instrument that causes lightning). Bramha dev gave the jap mala and a kamandal. Mahadev gave his trishul. Then Devi Katyani or Durga killed Durgamasur and saved all three worlds. So you guys know what weapons Ma Katyayani has. She rides on a lion.

JAI MA KATYAYANI KI JAI

HAPPY NAVARATRI
To be continued.......

Kalratri

2021-10-12T14:33:00.004+05:30

Navaratri 6th day

Previous part

Friends, yesterday I told you the story of ma Skandmata. Today I will tell you the story of ma Kalratri. But first, you guys have to listen to the story of Durgamasur. He was the son of an asur named Ruru. Durgamasur was extremely powerful. He had won the three worlds(heaven, hell, earth). There was only one place he couldn't take, Kailash. He had the wish of marrying Parvati and take Kailash as well. He expressed him to Ma Parvati. Goddess Parvati said that she would never marry him and Durgamasur could never take in Kailash as Lord Shiva protects it. Parvati warns him not to attack Kailash or he can die.

Avoiding Parvati's advice, he tried to attack Kailash and take Devi Parvati but failed. Seeing this behavior of Durgamasur Parvati took the Ma Kalratri. Ma Kalratri went to Durgamasur's durg(palace) to teach him a lesson. Ma Kalratri gave him a chance and tried to make him understand that if he didn't stop thinking about the marriage with Parvati then Parvati will kill him. But making Durgamasur understand wasn't easy. Pride had taken over his mind. But do you know? Ma kalratri went as a dut to Durgamasur. A dut is kind of a messenger. Being a dut is not an easy job. One ma Kalratri also went to Lord Shiva as a messenger. That's why she is also called Shivduti. Mata Kalratri holds a khorok and a bojro and rides on a Donkey

Moral= This story teaches us that if someone a miser or a king doesn't listen to one's good advice then there can be consequences.

JAI MA KALRATRI KI JAI

HAPPY NAVARATRINext part

Skandmata

2021-10-11T09:09:00.001+05:30

Navaratri 5th day

Previous part

Hey, friends yesterday you read the story of ma Kushmanda. Today, I will tell you about ma Skandmata. Skandmata is the mother of Kartikeya. It is believed that whoever wants something from Skandmata with pure devotion is granted. Now let's tell you how Kartikeya was born. Mahadev and Parvati created Kartikeya with a dance. Mahadev's t from tandav and Pravati's l from lasya(lasya and tandav are two forms of dance). The two dances made tal or a ball containing powers of both Mahadev and Parvati. From the ball, Kartikeya was born. Now you guys must be wondering why does Kartikeya has six heads. To know that we need to step a bit more back in the time of mythology. Tarakasur was an asur who got a boon from Mahadev. The boon was that only the child of Mahadev and Parvati could kill him. Now when he got to know about Kartikeya he decided to attack the ball of energy before Kartikeya was born. The devas also knew that something could happen. That's why Indradev asked Agni dev or the fire god to go and take the ball of energy while Mahadev and Parvati were in samadhi (meditation). So that's what Agni dev did. He quietly took the ball of energy.

Tarakasur meanwhile sends bhasmasur to take the ball of energy. Now before continuing I would like to tell you the story of bhasmasur. Bhasmasur wasn't always an asur. He was a devotee of Lord Shiva. Once Lord Shiva allowed him the chance to go to Kailash and circle around Lord Shiva. When he reached there and was going to start circling ord Shiva called Parvati to sit beside him. Then the devotee of Lord Shiva disagreed to circle a woman. But had nothing to do. So he revolved only around shiva but he realized that he couldn't stop circling Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva said that he was not complete without Parvati and he could never revolve around lord Shiva until revolved around Parvati. But he wasn't willing to revolve around a woman. So he turned himself into a snake. But Lord Shiva didn't let him pass. Now Lord Shiva and Parvati took the form of Ardhanarishwar. He tried to turn into a bee and pass but he couldn't. Parvati angrily cursed the devotee that if he can't respect women then all the women tatwas will be removed from his body. The curse hence tuned the devotee into ash, and from that ash, basmasur was created. Now back to the story of where Kartikeya has six heads. (too many stories right)Now, suddenly Agni dev couldn't handle the heat of the energy he stole. Bhaskar was also following him. So Agni dev gave the ball off energy to Ganga. But bhsmasur stole the ball from Ganga. You know that bhasmasur is just ash so the energy of the ball didn't affect him. Parvati coming to know about all of this after waking from her meditation, took the form of ma skandmata. She knew that bhasmasur couldn't be killed as long as he doesn't have the five elements(panch tatwa) in him. So she went to bhasmasur and said" I will give you five elements and kill you. The first element is air(Vayu). A single blow of mine can give you air. Then sky(Akash), my eyesight is as big as the sky. Then fire(Agni), you have risen the anger of a mother that is enough to make fire. Earth(Prithvi) is not even big as my foot, and lastly water you have filled a mother's eye with tears of departing from her son." So, finally, bhasmasur wasn't only ash. Ma Skandmata killed bhasmasur. But before killing him Bhasmasur threw the ball of energy and it broke into six pieces. Them goddess Parvati joined all the six pieces bout Kartikeya was born with six heads. Ma Skandmata holds Kartikeya in one hand and a lotus in onother. She rides on a lion. So on the fifth day of Navaratri or today, we worship ma Skandmata.

JAI MA SKANDMATA KI JAI

HAPPY NAVARATRI

Next part

Kushmanda

2021-10-10T07:13:00.003+05:30

Navaratri 4th day

Previous part

Hey friends, today is the fourth day of Navaratri. We worship ma kushmanda on this day. Do you know what "Kushmanda" means? Kush means little, usma means warmth or light, and "anda" means a seed. So Goddess Kushmanda is the seed and the root of the light. Legend says that when there was nothing in thins Earth and it was dark Adi Shakti took a Form Kushmanda. She gave birth to the five elements and tridevi with just one smile. The five elements are water, fire, air, sky, land. She is everywhere in the universe.

She is believed to give light to the Sun. She is the light of our universe. The tridevi are Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Parvati. Goddess Parvati and Lord Shiva grouped because Lord Shiva needed the power to destroy. Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Vishnu grouped because Lord Vishnu needed wealth to run the earth. Goddess Saraswati grouped with Lord Brahma because Lord Brahma needed the knowledge to create the Earth. Maa Kushmanda has 8 hands like Ma Chandraghanta. She rides on a tiger and holds the Sudarsan chakra, Gada, mala, bow and arrow, lotus and a Kalash(pot). So we worship Maa Kushmanda today or on the 4th day of Navaratri

JAI MA KUSHMANDA KI JAI

Happy Navaratri

Next part

Chandraghanta

2021-10-09T14:28:00.002+05:30

Navaratri 3rd day

Previous Part

Hey friends, yesterday I told you the story of ma Brahmacharini. After Goddess Parvati won Lord Shiva's heart she was prepared for her wedding. Lord Shiva was supposed to come to Goddess Parvati's house for the wedding. On that Lord Shiva came with his followers or Gan pret or ghosts. They were all covered in ash and drunk. Lord Shiva also was covered in ash himself. Seeing such a dangerous form of Lord Shiva Devi Mianti( Parvati's mother) fainted. Parvati was shocked. So she decided to convince Lord Shiva in leaving his ash-filled form.

Goddess Parvati took a very beautiful and mesmerizing form of Chandraghanta. She went to Lord Shiva and asked him to leave such a form. Mesmerized by Goddess Parvati's beauty Lord Shiva agreed. Lord Vishnu turned Lord Shiva's form into a rather more beautiful one, and from that Lord Shiva also got a new name Chandrashekar. So today or on the third day of Navaratri, we worship Ma Chandraghanta. Ma chandraghanta rides on a tiger. She has eight hands. She holds the Sudarshan chakra, Gada, a sword, bow and arrow, lotus, and a Trishul.

JAI MA CHANDRAGHANTA KI JAI

Happy Navaratri

Next part

Bramhacharini

2021-10-08T08:52:00.004+05:30

Navaratri 2nd Day

Previous Part........

Hey friends. I told you yesterday that Goddess Sati had been reborn as Pavati after the incident. Now Parvati's childhood was not like Sati's. She always knew about Lord Shiva and worshipped him. Once Parvati grew up she grew fond of Lord Shiva. She decided to meet Lord Shiva in Kailash Parvat. Biding goodbye to her parents she set off. She saw Lord Shiva in deep Sadhna. She couldn't wake him up. She tried every way. Then she called Kam dev for help. He shot one of his love arrows towards Lord Shiva. Once the arrows reached Lord Shiva he was very angry. He opened his eyes and turned Kam Dev into ashes.

Parvati went to Lord Shiva and pleaded so that he would accept her(She didn't have her memories of being Sati). But Lord Shiva refused. Parvati also didn't give up. She went into a cave in the mountains and started chanting Lord Shiva's name. She didn't eat or drink for days. Sometimes she would eat one or two leaves. Seeing Parvati in so much pain Lord Shiva agreed to marry her finally. The form of Parvati in which she did this tough journey to please Lord Shiva is known as Bramhacharini. Maa Bramhacharini has a pot in one hand and a necklace of beads in the other. Today or on the 2nd day of Navaratri we worship maa Bramhacharini.

JAI MA BRAMHACHARINI KI JAI

Happy Navaratri!!!!!!!

Next part

Shailputri

2021-10-07T17:36:00.008+05:30

Navaratri 1st day

Adi Shakti is the power of Lord Shiva. Adi shakti was born in the form of Sati in the house of Prajapati Daksh. Daksh hated Lord Shiva. He thought of him as a mere man who didn't have a proper home. Adi Shakti or in that life known as Sati didn't know about Lord Shiva for her father's hatred. Once she got to know about Lord Shiva she fell in love with him. Without her father's permission, she married Lord Shiva. One day Daksh had a yaga. He invited all the gods and Goddesses, except Sati and Shiva. Sati wanted to go the yaga. So she told Lord Shiva that she is Daksh's daughter and she doesn't need an invitation to go to the Yaga and set off. After reaching the Yaga place Daksh insulted Sati saying that she was not invited yet came.

Daksh crossed his limits and started insulting Lord Shiva. Sati got angry and with the guilt of knowing she didn't listen to Shiva, she immolated herself in the fie of the Yaga. Shiva was extremely sad seeing his loved one dead. He took her body and began to do Tandav(Lord shiva's angry dance). Virbhadra(another form of Shiva, killed Daksh). Vishnu knew if this continued the Earth would soon meet its end and also that if held Sati's body forever she would never be able to be reborn. So he took a painful and drastic step. He took out his Sudharsan Chakra and cut Sati's body into pieces. ( Where the pieces of Sati's body fell is known as Sati pith.) Lord Shiva went in deep sadhana. But soon Sati was reborn in the form of Parvati to the mountain king Himavat to get reunited with the love of her life. Parvati or Himavat's daughter or Adi Shakti is known as Shailputri. Maa Shailputri rides on Nandi and holds a Trishul in one hand and a lotus in the other. So we worship Goddess Parvati on the 1st day of Navaratri.

JAI MA SHAILPUTRI KI JAI

HAPPY NAVARATRI

Next Part

Humans

2021-10-01T08:43:00.002+05:30

What if all Humans Disappeared?

Friends, Have you ever wondered what would have happened if all humans Disappeared from the Earth? So, let's answer the extinct question, "What if all Humans Disappeared?" First, let's see what could make humans extinct.

Now a question might come to your mind, "Can humans ever go extinct?" Humans are inevitably heading for extinction. The fossil record shows that eventually, everything goes extinct. Almost all species that ever lived, over 99% are extinct. "The Neanderthals, The Denisovans, Homo Erectus, Australopithecus" are species that are all gone.

Human extinction is the assumed end of the human species due to natural causes like an asteroid impact or large-scale volcanism or anthropogenic (human) causes, also known as omnicide.

There are five major causes of human extinction
1. Habitat loss
2. An introduced Species
3. Pollution
4. Population growth
5. Overconsumption

How much longer can we live on Earth?
The end of humans is expected to occur between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now. A high obliquity would probably result in dramatic changes in the climate and may destroy the plant's habitability.

Now let's dive into our main question "What if all Humans Disappeared?".We can say that if humans went extinct, the first thing to go for a toss will be the power plants and drainage system as there won't be anyone to run and maintain them. Within hours of our disappearance, the subways of huge sprawling cities like London and New York would flood. On the other hand, electricity all over the world will begin to shut down causing a partial black-out.

The only source of light will be flames blazing from the malfunctioned oil refineries, burning for weeks and even months. With no firefighters to put the fire down, it would spread across the surrounding region and might end up harming domestic animals. Once the burning factories extinguish, the Earth will go dark again after many many centuries.

After the first chaotic month, changes will occur slowly, and by the next 20 years or so the streets will be engulfed in weeds and torn apart by long roots. At the same time, the water from the flooded tunnels and subways will rise up on the roads eroding and turning them into rivers. Changing climates like winter and summer will freeze and melt these waterways, causing cracks in roads and buildings that will shatter their foundation as they will begin to decay.

Comparatively, houses in villages will decay more slowly. But surely they will be infested by rodents, bugs, and other unwanted guests. Within 200 years most concrete structures will completely collapse and will wash away in running water.

Within the next 700 years, the supporting pillars and foundations of these houses will be rotten collapsing and turning into rubles. While cities will be covered with wild and poisonous plants, like Ivy and hogweeds. As the drowned concrete will mix with waterways, it will increase its acidity, allowing new plants to grow and thrive.

The impact of human extinction will also affect the animal world too. Many wild animals will enter our blighted cities with the help of leftover passages and bridges. Insects like cockroaches have been here since the dinosaur era and will continue to thrive. But their urban cousins won't survive the post-human world more than two winters due to lack of a heating system.

But still, it will be a lot of time before we go extinct. So we must enjoy the time of your life. Hope you liked the facts. Until next time.....................

The Notorious Ganesha-3

2021-09-24T17:21:00.001+05:30

Previous part

Ganesha shatters Ravana's Dreams

Ravana, the ruler of Lanka, was an ardent devotee of Lord Shiva. He would offer prayers to Lord Shiva thrice a day. One day, after offering his prayers, although struck Ravana. "If I can get hold of an atmalinga(a reflection of Shiva), I can never be defeated by anyone," he thought. So he started performing severe of penances to please Shiva. The strongest winds or the hottest of climates, could not break his focus. Shiva was impressed with Ravan's devotion and appeared before him. "Ravana, you have pleased me with your devotion. Please ask for a boon and it will be granted," he said. "Lord, I would be honored to have an atamalinga of yours," replied Ravana. "So be it." said Shiva and gave him a sparkling linga in his hand. "But remember Ravana," Shiva warned, "If the linga is placed on the ground, it will establish itself there. After that, no one will be able to move it from the place." "I will not put it down till I reach Lanka," said Ravana, and left for this capital city. Meanwhile, the gods were worried. "Lord! Did you hear that Ravana now has the atmalinga?" one of the gods asked Lord Indra, the ruler of heaven. "I know, and I am very worried," he replied. "If the linga reaches Lanka, no one can ever defeat Ravana. We must stop it from reaching Lanka." But the gods were not sure who could help them. Then it struck them; Lord Ganesha was the all-powerful onw who could help avert this from happening. So, they all went to Ganesha.

"Ganesha, Ravana has got the atamalinga from your father , and is on his way to Lanka. You are well aware of the destruction that will happen if he becomes powerful. You are the only one who can save us," said Indra. "And, Ravana had forgotten to offer his prayers to you before beginning his penance, like everyone else in the world does before starting anything auspicious," he added fueling Ganesha's anger. "I assure you that the linga will not reach Lanka" assured Ganesha. He then disguised himself as a shepherd and found Ravana walking with the linga in his hands. Ravana was in a dilemma. It was time for his daily prayers to Shiva. Yet, he could not put the linga down. So he looked around for help and found Ganesha disguised as the shepherd walking towards him. "Young man! Will you hold this for me, while I offer my prayers and come back?" asked Ravana. "I cannot! I am on my way home," replied the shepherd. "I cannot break my ritual. Please hold this only for a short while," pleaded Ravana. "I will on one condition", replied Ganesha. "I will call you three times, if I find it to be heavy and if you don't come , when I call you, I will put it down, "he said. "I promise you that I will be back the first time you call me. He then walked towards the sea to offer his prayers. When Ganesha saw him beginning his prayers he called outto him for the first time,"Ravana come back! It is too heavy for me!" Ravana had just began his prayers, and thought to himself that he would run back the second time he called Ravana. The second time came sooner than Ravana had imagined. Ganesha called out to him again. Ravana decided to finish his prayers and run back immediately. By that time, Ganesha had give his third and final call. "I cannot bear the weight anymore, I am going to put it down!" he shouted out. "No! don not do that!" shouted Ravana, running back as fast as he could. "Please don"t ,let it touch the ground," he pleaded the boy. But it was too late. Ganesha had already placed the linga on the ground. "How could you do this?" Ravana said angrily. "I kept my word. I called out to you three times. You didn't return in time. Don't blame me Ravana," Ganesha said and walked away. Upset, Ravana tried his best to uproot the linga. But the linga just grew bigger and bigger, with every attempt. Soon Ravana realised that nothing could be done to reverse what had happened. So he sat there and offered his prayers to lord Shiva. The place where Ganesha put down the atmalinga is called Gokrana. It is in Western India, and millions of pilgrims throng to this temple for a glimpse of atmalinga.

The Notorious Ganesha-2

2021-09-17T16:49:00.002+05:30

Previous part

Ganesha curses the moon

Lord Ganesha was known to be very fond of sweets. He was invited for a feast, where he eat with great delight. "Give me more", Ganesha said enjoying the rich, delicious food. Soon, it was time for everyone to leave. But poor Ganesha had overeaten and could barely walk. Lifting his big pot belly, he slowly walked back home. It was indeed a funny sight to see Ganesha struggling with his full stomach. Chandra, the Moon God, could not contain himself and started laughing at Ganesha. Ganesha felt insulted to see Chandra poking fun at him. "Anyone who sees you on Ganesh Chaturthi(Ganesha's Birthday) will be wrongly blamed and punished," Ganesha cursed angrily. Chandra was petrified to see Ganesha so angry. He immediately begged him for forgiveness and asked him to take back his curse. "A curse once given cannot be taken back. However, even if someone sees you on Ganesha Chaturthi, the curse will not take effect if they see you the next night as well," Ganesha said. Chandra thanked Ganesha for his kindness and benevolence.

Ganesha and Analasura

Analasura was a fire-breathing demon, who was causing havoc in the three worlds. All the gods ran to Lord Ganesha for help. "It is impossible to go near him. He breathes out fire at anyone who even dares to go near him," Said Indra(The king of gods). "Only you can kill this demon and rid us of the terror he is causing," the other gods added. Ganesha promised his protection to the gods and set out to fight Analasura. So he did something that no one could have thought of. He gripped Analasura with his trunk and swallowed him alive. But once Analasura was inside his stomach, Ganesha started feeling the heat. "My stomach is on fire!" he cried out loud. The gods brought the water from the holy rivers and poured it on him, but his stomach continued to burn. Then the gods put ice on his head to cool him down, but even that didn't help. " Stop this burning!" cried Ganesha. But the gods could not think of any other solution. They had even bought the moon and placed him on Ganesha's head to cool him down, but it didn't give Ganesha any respite. Finally, one of the sages bought the kusha (Holy grass) and placed it on his head. Instantly, the burning in Ganesha's stomach stopped. He was so pleased that he said, "From this day, anyone who wants my blessing, should worship me with the holy grass."

Ganesha humbles Kubera

Kubera, the God of Wealth, was very arrogant about his riches. One day, he decided to invite Lord Shiva's family to his city, Alakapuri, for a grand lunch. Shiva gave his consent and Kubera was overjoyed at this divine acceptance. "Decorate Alakapuri like never before!" he ordered. Finally, it was time for the guests to arrive. But Kubera was disappointed to see only Little Ganesha walking in for the feast. How much can a child eat? he thought and ordered a few dishes to be placed before him. But Lord Ganesha ate the dishes within minutes and asked for more. Kubera ordered more food and Ganesha finished those dishes as well. " I want more," thundered Ganesha. Kubera kept feeding him and Ganesha kept asking for more. Soon, Kubera ran out of food in his palace and had to ask for more food to be bought from the other houses. He realized that something extraordinary was happening. He kneeled in front of Ganesha and said, "Lord! I have learned my lesson. You have taught me that my riches are no match for even a child." "Kubera, I wanted to teach you that even a fruit offered to me with humility means more to me than the food offered with arrogance," said Ganesha. This is how Kubera learned the importance of humility.

Next part

The Notorious Ganesha

2021-09-10T15:27:00.006+05:30

The Notorious Ganesha

To know about Ganesha's birth click👉 Ganesha

Hey, friends all of you know about Lord Ganesha, the god of prosperity. So today I will tell you a few stories about Lord Ganesha.

The playful child

Little Ganesha was a very playful child. He would easily get attracted to small things. One day Lord Vishnu had come to visit Lord Shiva. While the two were deep in conversation Lord Ganesha saw Vishnu's lethal weapon------ the chakra, lying near him. He picked it up and started playing and rotating it like a pinwheel. Vishnu was so engrossed in his conversation that he did not pay attention to Ganesha's antics. "I love this chakra. Why don't I eat it?" thought Ganesha and popped it into his mouth. Soon it was time for Lord Vishnu to leave. He looked for his chakra, but it was nowhere to be found! "Where could it be?" wondered Vishnu and then realized, with his divine sight, that Ganesha had swallowed it. "How do I take it out from his stomach without hurting him?" he thought. " If I asked him to give it back, he might not return it. However, if I have to get it back by force, he is very powerful, and it might turn into an ugly battle. "Then an idea struck him! He decided to make Ganesha laugh. The plan was to make him laugh so much, and so hard, that the chakra would come out of his stomach on its own. (Ganesha is also known for his hearty laugh--- where his entire body would shake.)Vishnu made his way to Ganesha's chamber. " Look at me, Ganesha", he said. Then he caught hold of his ears with both hands and acted as though he was sitting down with, his knees bent. But before Ganesha could realize what he was doing he got up again. Vishnu went on performing such antics, till Ganesha started laughing heartily. Slowly and Slowly Vishnu had made him laugh so much that the chakra spat out of his mouth. Vishnu was relieved, while Ganesha was more than happy with what he had seen. From then on all the people visiting Ganesha's temple perform these activities in front of the Lord, to seek his forgiveness and blessings.

Ganesha gets his vehicle

Gajasura was a fierce elephant-headed demon, who performed severe penance for Lord Shiva's boon. At last, Shiva was pleased and appeared before him. "Gajasura, I am pleased with your dedication and want to grant you a boon," said Shiva. "Dear Lord, let it be that I can be killed only by someone as dark as me in color," asked Gajasura. Shiva granted him the boon and Gajasura created panic and havoc in all three worlds. All the gods ran to Shiva for help. In turn, he asked them to seek Lord Ganesha's help. Ganesha challenged Gajasura to a fight. "You are too young to fight someone as powerful as me," said Gajasura arrogantly. But Ganesha fought him with such might, that Gajasura knew that his end was near. He disguised himself as a rat and tried to run away. But Ganesha caught him and just when he was about to kill him Gajasura pleaded with him for mercy, "My Lord! Please, let me live and I will serve you all my life." Ganesha took pity on him and made him his vehicle and that is how the elephant-headed God got a tiny rat as his vehicle.

Ganesha competes with his brother

After Lord Ganesha, Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati had another divine child called Kartikeya. One day, while Ganesha and Kartikeya were playing near their parents on Mount Kailash, sage Narada came to them with a divine mango. "Lord Shiva, I seek your blessings. I bring you a divine mango, which can be given to only one of your sons as it cannot be cut. It has to be enjoyed as a whole." said Narada. Paravati and Shiva were in a dilemma. Which of their two sons could they give it to? Both of them were worthy of it and were equally loved. So, they decided to have a small race between their sons. "The one who manages to circle around the whole Earth three times and comes back first will win the divine mango." they declared. Kartikeya did not even waste a minute. He mounted his vehicle--- the peacock, and flew off. But Ganesha looked at his vehicle---- the rat, and thought hard. How could he circle the world on such a slow vehicle? And then an idea struck him! He happily started circling around his parents. Everyone was surprised. "Aren't you competing, my son?" asked Parvati. "You and my father are the worlds for me, mother!" said Ganesha. " So, I am circling you thrice," he said and continued. When he had finished, Shiva gave him the mango. Such was Ganesha's wisdom, which is why he is always worshipped by everyone seeking knowledge and wisdom.

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