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Lecture Notes: Various of Spesific Regional Blocks Anesthesia

2012-02-08T02:06:00.000-08:00

Interscalene Block The most proximal approach, the interscalene block is performed as the brachial plexus courses in the groove between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, traditionally at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Advantages of this block include rapid and reliable blockade of the shoulder region as well as relative ease of landmark palpation. Disadvantages of this block

Lecture Notes: Differential Diagnosis of Site-Specific Lichen Planus

2012-02-07T23:06:00.000-08:00

Nail Psoriasis Onychomycosis Alopecia areata Genital Psoriasis Seborrheic dermatitis Palms and soles Secondary syphilis Lichen planopilaris Cicatricial alopecia Lupus erythematosus Inflammatory folliculitis Alopecia areata Cicatricial pemphigoid Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans Mucosal Paraneoplastic pemphigus Candidiasis Lupus erythematosus Leukokeratosis

Lecture Notes: Various Thyroid Resections

2012-02-06T11:35:00.000-08:00

Procedure Description Nodulectomy or lumpectomy Removal of lesion with minimal surrounding tissue. Partial thyroidectomy Removal of lesion and larger rim of normal tissue. Subtotal thyroidectomy Bilateral removal of > 50% of each lobe and an isthmusectomy. Lobectomy or hemithyroidectomy Complete removal of a lobe and isthmus. Near-total thyroidectomy Complete removal of

Lecture Notes: Medical Microbiology & Infection 5th Edition

2012-01-31T09:12:00.000-08:00

Medical Microbiology and Infection Lecture Notes is ideal for medical students, junior doctors, pharmacy students, junior pharmacists, nurses, and those training in the allied health professions. It presents a thorough introduction and overview of this core subject area, and has been fully revised and updated to include: Chapters written by leading experts reflecting current research and

Lecture Notes: Stem Cells

2012-01-30T23:04:00.001-08:00

Stem cells are those cells that have the capability of self-renewal and differentiation. First identified in the hematopoietic system, they are likely to be present in many other tissues. Stem cells have altered the care of individuals with hematologic, oncologic, dermatologic, ophthalmologic, and orthopedic conditions. The range of possible applications of stem cells to medicine extends beyond

Lecture Notes: Classification of Overweight and Obesity Based on Body Mass Index (BMI) in Adults & in Children

2012-01-29T23:45:00.000-08:00

Classification for Adults BMI Underweight <18.5 Normal 18.5–24.9 Overweight 25.0–29.9 Class I 30.0–34.9 Class II 35.0–39.9 Class III (extreme) >40.0 Classification for Children > 2 Years BMI Status (CDC, 2005) Normal weight for height 10th–85th percentile At risk for overweight 85th–95th percentile Overweight >95th percentile Reference: Greenspan's Basic &

Lecture Notes: Respiratory Medicine 8th Edition

2012-01-28T09:08:00.000-08:00

Providing a detailed overview of respiratory medicine in one short volume, Respiratory Medicine Lecture Notes covers everything from the basics of anatomy and physiology through to information on a full range of respiratory diseases. Whether approaching the topic for the first time, starting a rotation, or looking for a quick-reference summary, medical students, specialist nurses, technicians

Lecture Notes: Split Thickness Skin Grafts (STSG)

2012-01-26T02:14:00.000-08:00

The skin, in the form of a split thickness skin graft (STSG), is the most frequently used donor for tissue coverage. A STSG includes the epidermis and varying amounts of dermis, ranging between 8/1000 of an inch (0.196 millimeters) and 12/1000 of an inch (0.294 millimeters). STSG can be expanded by meshing techniques (1:1.5 to 1:9 expansion) when additional coverage is needed. Harvesting

Lecture Notes: Ophthalmology 11th Edition

2012-01-25T05:58:00.000-08:00

Beautifully illustrated throughout, Ophthalmology Lecture Notes concentrates on the most common eye problems that health practitioners are expected to diagnose and manage. The book begins with a brief introduction to ocular anatomy and eye examination, and then focuses on core conditions in ophthalmology. The highly structured text includes self assessment material at the end of each chapter,

Lecture Notes: Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin D Deficiency

2012-01-24T01:39:00.000-08:00

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Severe deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets and/or hypocalcemia in infants and children and osteomalacia in adults or adolescents after epiphysial closure; severe vitamin D deficiency may also be associated with hypocalcemia, which may cause tetany or seizures. These disorders occur with the

Lecture Notes: Full Thickness Skin Grafts (FTSG)

2012-01-23T14:25:00.001-08:00

Reconstruction with full thickness skin grafts (FTSG) provides an esthetic advantage for burns of the face and hands. Donor sites used for FTSG are from areas of redundant and pliable skin and include the supraclavicular, groin, lower abdominal, or lateral thoracic skin. STSG from the scalp can be used for resurfacing the face and improves the color match of the skin paddle for patients

Lecture Notes: Cardinal Movements in Labor (The mechanisms of labor)

2012-01-23T02:11:00.000-08:00

The mechanisms of labor, also known as the cardinal movements, refer to the changes in position of fetal head during its passage through the birth canal. Because of the asymmetry of the shape of both the fetal head and the maternal bony pelvis, such rotations are required for the fetus to successfully negotiate the birth canal. Although labor and birth is a continuous process, seven discrete

Lecture Notes: Dermatology 10th Edition

2012-01-22T20:06:00.000-08:00

1 Structure and function of the skin, hair and nails. 2 Approach to the diagnosis of dermatological disease. 3 Bacterial and viral infections. 4 Fungal infections. 5 Ectoparasite infections. 6 Acne, acneiform eruptions and rosacea. 7 Eczema. 8 Psoriasis. 9 Benign and malignant skin tumours. 10 Naevi. 11 Inherited disorders. 12 Pigmentary disorders. 13 Disorders of the hair and nails.

Lecture Notes: Mechanism of Action of Mood Stabilizers

2012-01-22T11:06:00.000-08:00

Mood stabilizers are psychotropic medications that promote euthymia in bipolar disorder. They generally treat and prevent the recurrence of manic or depressed moods. The term mood stabilizers traditionally refers to lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. More recently, it has been proven that some atypical antipsychotics have mood-stabilizing properties, meaning that they are able

Lecture Notes: Topical Antibiotics

2012-01-21T07:06:00.000-08:00

The efficacy of topical antibiotics for the treatment of acne vulgaris and rosacea may be due to their direct antibiotic effect, but many of the topical antibiotics exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing neutrophil chemotactic factor or by other mechanisms. There are concerns about the use of topical antibiotics in the treatment of acne vulgaris because of the increasing

Lecture Notes: Seborrheic Dermatitis

2012-01-20T06:42:00.000-08:00

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common problem of unknown etiology. Approximately 1 to 3 percent of adults have seborrheic dermatitis. The term is derived from the distribution of this disorder, in which erythematous, scaly patches develop in areas that are rich in sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, and upper trunk. The term "seborrhea" refers to excess oil secretion, although this finding is

Lecture Notes: Acne Rosacea

2012-01-19T05:34:00.001-08:00

Rosacea is an acneiform disorder of middle-aged and older adults characterized by vascular dilation of the central face, including the nose, cheek, eyelids, and forehead. The disease is chronic; control rather than cure is the goal of therapy. EPIDEMIOLOGY of Acne Rosacea Rosacea most commonly occurs in patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years, although it has been reported in younger

Lecture Notes: PHQ-9 Depression Questionnaires

2012-01-18T23:40:00.000-08:00

Over the last two weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? Not at all Several days More than half the days Nearly every day Little interest or pleasure in doing things 0 123 Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless 0 123 Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much 0 123 Feeling tired or having little energy 0 123 Poor appetite or overeating

Lecture Notes: Menstrual Cycle

2012-01-18T11:50:00.000-08:00

A menstrual cycle is defined as that period of time from the first day of menstrual period to the first day of the next menstrual flow. On the basis of current understanding, the menstrual cycle may be described by the response of the pituitary (i.e., FSH and LH levels), the ovary (follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases), and the endometrium (proliferative and secretory phases). FSH and LH

Lecture Notes: Vitamins A, B Complex and C

2012-01-17T17:47:00.000-08:00

NAMES AND SYNONYMS CHARACTERISTICS BIOCHEMICAL ACTION EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY EFFECTS OF EXCESS SOURCES VITAMIN A Retinol (vitamin A1); Fat-soluble Heat-stable Destroyed oxidation, drying Bile necessary for absorption Sstored in liver Protected by vitamin E In vision, as retinal, for synthesis of the visual pigments rhodopsin and iodopsin. In growth, reproduction, embryonic and fetal

Lecture Notes: Criteria for Organ Dysfunction in Pediatrics

2012-01-17T02:10:00.000-08:00

CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION Despite administration of isotonic intravenous fluid bolus ≥40 mL/kg in 1 hr Decrease in BP (hypotension) <5th percentile for age or systolic BP <2 SD below normal for age OR Need for vasoactive drug to maintain BP in normal range (dopamine >5 g/kg/min or dobutamine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine at any dose) OR Two of the following:

Lecture Notes: Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale

2012-01-16T19:14:00.000-08:00

Eye opening (E)4 : Spontaneous 3 : Response to sound 2 : Response to pain 1 : No eye opening Verbal response (V)5 : Age-appropriate vocalization, smile, or orientation to sound, interacts (coos, babbles), follows objects 4 : Cries, irritable 3 : Cries to pain 2 : Moans to pain 1 : No verbal response Motor response (M) 6 : Spontaneous movements (obeys verbal command) 5 : Withdraws to

Lecture Notes: Bilirubin Metabolism

2012-01-16T07:27:00.000-08:00

Bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme (ferroprotoporphyrin IX). About 4 mg/kg body weight of bilirubin is produced each day, nearly 80% from the breakdown of hemoglobin in senescent red blood cells and prematurely destroyed erythroid cells in the bone marrow and the remainder from the turnover of hemoproteins such as myoglobin and cytochromes distributed throughout the body. The initial

Lecture Notes: General Surgery 12th Edition

2012-01-15T18:40:00.000-08:00

The 12th edition of General Surgery Lecture Notes introduces the student to the principles of common surgical operations and systematically covers all clinical problems where surgical intervention is indicated. 1. Surgical Strategy. 2. Fluid and Electrolyte Management. 3. Pre-operative Assessment. 4. Post-operative Complications. 5. Acute Infections. 6. Shock. 7. Tumours. 8. Burns. 9

Lecture Notes: Classification of Cultured Stem Cells

2012-01-15T01:27:00.000-08:00

It is desirable to culture and expand stem cells in vitro to obtain a sufficient quantity for analysis and potential therapeutic use. Although the derivation of stem cells in vitro has been a major obstacle in stem cell biology, the number and types of cultured stem cells have increased progressively. Cultured stem cells derived from resident stem cells are often called adult stem cells