PRODUCT DESIGN

Drilling is the simplest of all machining processes

2026-09-24T02:21:57.734-07:00

Drilling is widely considered one of the simplest and most common machining operations, accounting for approximately 25% of all machining processes. How Drilling Works—Basic Action: The process employs a rotating cutting tool with multiple cutting edges (typically a twist drill) to create a round hole in solid material. Two Motions: The process combines the rotation of the drill bit with a straight downward thrust (axial feed motion) toward the workpiece. Chip Removal: Small metal fragments resulting from the cut—known as chips—move up and out of the hole via the spiral grooves (helical flutes) on the cutting tool.

In workshops, it is often referred to simply as "boring," although this term is technically inaccurate. Drilling is defined as the process of creating a round hole using a twist drill. In contrast, "boring" refers to the process of enlarging an existing hole—typically using a boring bar—which can be performed on a lathe, milling machine, or drilling machine, not just a drill press. Figure 8.1 illustrates the drilling process.

Drilling is used to produce cylindrical holes. Creating a hole in a solid workpiece using a twist drill involves a material removal process characterized by significant chip-cutting forces. If high precision—such as dimensional accuracy or specific surface quality—is required for the hole walls, subsequent finishing operations using a counterbore or reamer are necessary.

During drilling, chips must exit the hole via the tool's helical flutes. Because the tool tip remains in contact with the material being cut, cooling the cutting zone is relatively difficult. Cooling is typically achieved by flooding the workpiece with coolant, spraying it, or delivering coolant through an internal channel in the drill bit.

The characteristics of the drilling process differ somewhat from other machining operations:

Chips must be evacuated from the hole being created.

Chips can cause problems if they are large or form continuous strands.

Creating deep holes can be challenging.

When drilling deep holes in large workpieces, coolant is delivered to the cutting edge through the center of the drill bit.

Creating Plastic Product Design

2025-06-02T01:44:00.000-07:00

In creating a product design, the concept realization stage is to translate the design idea into a real and functional form. This stage involves developing the initial concept, determining the architecture and configuration of the product, and determining the overall layout and initial component shape. Basically, this stage is the stage when abstract ideas are formed with physical details.
Good design is essential to any manufactured product, and good design is no different for plastics. Most of the plastics we use today have been around for more than two generations. Compare that to the thousands of years we have had with metals. And in plastics it is more varied, more complex. For most designs in metals, there is no need to worry about the effects of time, temperature or environment. Unlike plastics. Plastics shrink over time, their properties change over the temperature ranges of everyday life, they can be affected by common household and industrial materials.
We can extend our thinking to define design as how to organize technology so that we don’t have to experience it. In other words, good design provides function, form, and technology in objects that meet the needs of users without demanding them. Well-designed objects provide pleasure or at least satisfaction in use, and do what they are supposed to do without undue anxiety.
Plastics are very complex and varied, always consider carefully whether the suggestions need to be tailored to your particular application.
Good design combines concept with execution. If the two are not considered together, the result will be a product that cannot be manufactured economically or that cannot be used. This is especially important for plastics. It is essential to choose the right material for the job. Then, it is equally important to adapt the design details to suit the characteristics of the material and the limitations of the production process.
Plastics come in a bewildering variety. There are hundreds or more different generic types. In addition, sophisticated techniques with catalysts and compounding are creating new alloys, blends, and molecular forms. All of these materials can have their own unique properties.
The number of different types of plastic materials available to the designer is now approaching 50,000. The importance - and difficulty - of making the right choice is clear. Plastics can be grouped into categories that behave very similarly. Thermoplastics undergo physical changes when processed; the process is reproducible. Thermosets undergo chemical changes; the process is irreversible. The main differences between thermoplastics relate to the arrangement of the molecules. Those with randomly tangled molecules are called amorphous. Those with a degree of molecular order and organization are called semi-crystalline. The differences are significant. For example, most amorphous materials can be completely transparent. And the more crystalline a material is, the less likely it is to have wide 'rubbery' processing regions, making it less suitable for stretch processes such as blow molding and thermoforming. The designer must design for the process as well as the purpose and material. In a single-surface process, for example, there is only indirect control over the shape of the second surface. The design must take these limitations into account.

Product design market research concepts prototype development

2025-05-25T22:24:00.000-07:00

Product design includes several main components, such as market research, design concepts, prototype development, testing, and final production. All of these stages must be carried out carefully to ensure that the resulting product is of high quality and acceptable to the market.
Design elements are the basic units of every visual design that form its structure and convey visual messages. The elements of design are lines, shapes, forms, space, textures, patterns and colors. These elements are the building blocks of all designs.

The product design process covers several key stages, from market research to final production, with a focus on meeting user needs and creating a high-quality product. These stages include user research, conceptualization, prototyping, production, and marketing.
Designers must understand the needs, wants, and interactions of users with similar products to create the right solution.
The design must meet the product's function, aesthetics, and brand value.
Prototyping allows for testing and modeling to ensure the design's viability before mass production.
The production process involves transferring the design into a physical product, taking into account efficiency, quality, and cost.
Product marketing involves promoting, distributing, and managing the product in the market.
Product design should be user-centered, ensuring that the product meets their needs and wants.
The design should have a clear function and an appealing aesthetic to attract consumers.
The design should ensure the product is of high quality and reliable.
Product design may also consider sustainability aspects, such as the use of environmentally friendly materials or a durable design.

Utility: The product must be easy to use and safe.
Appearance: The product must have an attractive and unique appearance.
Easy to Maintain: The product must be easy to maintain and repair.
Low Cost: The product must be manufactured at a low cost to be competitive in the market.
Communication: The product must be able to communicate the brand message and company values.
Examples:
Interface Design, Focuses on the visual appearance and user experience, such as the design of a mobile application or website.
System Design, Focuses on the process and how the product operates as a whole, such as the temperature control system on a refrigerator.
Process Design, Includes the design of the product's manufacturing and distribution processes, such as the design of a factory or logistics system.

Pesan Desain Toko Aksesoris Simple Sederhana untuk Kota di Daerah

2024-05-25T23:06:00.000-07:00

Selamat siang mas, saya dapat nomer mas dari google
Rencana mau buka usaha toko aksesories mas, kurang lebih design nya seperti punya mas ini yang saya dapat di internet.
Bahan yg dijual adalah tas dompet wanita, sendal, baju dan mainan anak, rak kaca utk aksesories..makeup skincare.
Bikin rak utk perhiasan aksesoris juga ya.
Atau saya boleh dikirimkan lihat dl contoh toko yg sudah ada/sudah anda kerjakan utk referensi.
Jangan terlalu mewah mas, yang simpel begini aja.
Soalnya kita dikota daerah bukan kota besar.
Oke pak siap, segera kita proses, thanks.
Preview design interior toko via online yang telah kita buat sesuai permintaan klien yang telah di jabarkan via whatsap. Jasa design kita hanya via Online. Tidak perlu bertatap muka. Kirim data, kita proses, baru bayar biaya desain. Jka anda tertarik, kirim saja data2nya, dalam 2-3 hari anda sudah dapat lihat hasilnya, tanpa perlu bersusah payah bertemu kami. Cukup dengan WA ke 081916200296 atau email ke arusha.st@gmail.com, desain yang anda butuhkan sudah sesuai keinginan anda. Kami, akan menyelesaikan permintaan desain anda, dengan konsep sesuai data yang anda kirim maupun menerjemahkan sketsa tangan, denah, foto2, gambar yang anda kirimkan untuk kita tuangkan ke dalam gambar Desain 3D sesuai keinginan anda.
Kita sudah sering membuat design interior toko dengan beragam konsep, desain toko minimalis, desain toko sederhana, desain toko kekinian, desain toko etnik, desain toko di ruko, desain toko unik, desain toko kaca, desain toko aesthetic, dan lain lain. Wujudkan interior toko Anda bersama kami penyedia jasa desain 3d dengan designer arsitek freelancer berpengalaman. Desainer Arsitek eksterior dengan harga Murah sudah Terpercaya Banyak Pelanggan.
Kami siap mewujudkan keinginan Anda. Jasa design interior toko terbaru dan kekinian dari Arusha Desain dijamin memuaskan. Sudah banyak kita buat gambar 3d tampak toko dengan berbagai konsep beragam model. Kalau ada acuan design yang diinginkan untuk diaplikasikan ke lahan lebih bagus agar desain bisa langsung tepat sasaran. Kami siap Membantu mendesignkan interior toko dengan Beragam Ide Desain Fantastis dan menarik.

Design Restaurant Industrial Open Ceiling Dinding Bata

2023-10-16T06:58:00.001-07:00

Dear Arusha,

Saya ingin membuat 3d untuk Ruko di Sunter. Ruko tersebut menjual masakan khas indonesia dengan konsep industrial. Pada lantai 2 saya ingin membuat

tempat ngongkrong sekaligus nobar.

Lantai 1:

1) Ceiling menggunakan konsep open ceiling. Ducting dan pipa lainnya akan dicat warna hitam.

2) Menggunakan lampu gantung.

3) Terdapat meja bar untuk pemesanan makanan dan minuman. Pada area kanan untuk pemesanan makanan (namun untuk makanan ringan bisa langsung dibuat disana), pada area kiri terdapat area minuman dan pada area tengah terdapat kasir.

4) Dinding akan menggunakan batu bata yang akan di cat warna putih, namun hanya area kanan dan kiri. Untuk tampak depan dan belakang dinding di cat warna coklat tua.

5) Tempat duduk akan menggunakan kursi panjang yang akan menempel pada tembok. Kursi warna kayu tua dan diberi bantal warna warni.

Mohon bantuan untuk dibuatkan 3dnya.

Oke ibu, siap. segera diproses, thanks.

Preview design restaurant konsep industrial lantai 1 via online yang telah dibuat oleh arusha desain sesuai permintaan klien yang telah di jabarkan via whatsap. Jasa design kita hanya via Online. Tidak perlu bertatap muka. Kirim data, kita proses, baru bayar biaya desain. Jka anda tertarik, kirim saja data2nya, dalam 2-3 hari anda sudah dapat lihat hasilnya, tanpa perlu bersusah payah bertemu kami. Cukup dengan WA ke 081916200296 atau email ke arusha.st@gmail.com, desain yang anda butuhkan sudah sesuai keinginan anda. Kami, akan menyelesaikan permintaan desain anda, dengan konsep sesuai data yang anda kirim maupun menerjemahkan sketsa tangan, denah, foto2, gambar yang anda kirimkan untuk kita tuangkan ke dalam gambar Desain 3D sesuai keinginan anda.

Wujudkan Restaurant Anda bersama kami penyedia jasa desain 3d dengan designer arsitek freelancer berpengalaman. Desainer Arsitek interior eksterior dengan harga Murah sudah Terpercaya Banyak Pelanggan.

Kami siap mewujudkan keinginan Anda. Jasa design resto terbaru dan kekinian dari Arusha Desain dijamin memuaskan.

Desain Kamar Tidur Anak Nuansa Remaja Meja Belajar Rak Buku

2023-09-20T02:57:00.003-07:00

Preview desain untuk kamar tidur anak cowok dengan nuansa biru, kamar abg, tidak terlalu nuansa anak2 tapi juga tidak terlalu nuansa dewasa, dengan ranjang uk 160 x 200, meja belajar berikut rak buku, almari pakaian dan almari buat showcase, kaca, nakas 1 buah.

Design ini kita buat berdasarkan permintaan klien yang telah dijabarkan lewat whatsapp.

Anda butuh design kamar tidur juga?

Konsultasi dan wujudkan keinginan Anda mengenai design interior kamar tidur impian anak Anda bersama kami. Arusha Desain merupakan penyedia jasa design Interior kamar tidur dan arsitek profesional serta berpengalaman puluhan tahun. siap memberikan solusi terbaik dengan desain yang menarik, berkualitas, cepat dan harga desain yang murah.

Jangan khawatir dengan jasa desain kami, nanti desain akan kita buatkan terlebih dahulu dalam resolusi rendah untuk bisa dilihat, baru transfer biaya. Sehingga anda akan aman dan tidak was2. Nanti setelah transfer biaya desain, gambar resolusi tingginya akan segera kita kirim untuk direview lebih detail. Revisi bisa 2x free. Untuk permintaan revisi akan lebih cepat dan tepat sasaran, jika gambar yang sudah kita kirim dicoret2 bagian mana yang belum sesuai dan cantumkan catatan permintaan revisinya.

Sudah banyak kita buat gambar 3d interior kamar tidur dengan berbagai konsep beragam model. Kalau mau lihat hasil desain kita yang lebih banyak bisa di search google dengan keyword desain kamar tidur arusha. Semua permintaan mengenai desain yang diinginkan bisa dijabarkan dan diinformasikan via whatsapp agar bisa fast respond. Kalau ada acuan design yang diinginkan untuk diaplikasikan ke lahan lebih bagus agar desain bisa langsung tepat sasaran. Data2 yang dibutuhkan sketsa ukuran lahan dan foto lokasi yang akan di desain. Kami siap Membantu mendesignkan interior kamar tidur dengan Beragam Ide Desain Fantastis dan menarik. Cepat dan Terarah.

Jasa Desain Tampak Rumah Online Murah Hanya 550 Ribu

2023-09-11T08:21:00.003-07:00

Contoh desain tampak rumah minimalis dengan rendering berkualitas, harga gambar 3d exterior murah hanya 550ribu pertampak, revisi gratis 2x. Kami Arusha Desain menawarkan jasa desain untuk beragam konsep rumah dengan arsitek designer frelancer berpengalaman. Untuk menjembatani keinginan Anda mengenai desain tampak rumah, kami menawarkan jasa design Online tanpa harus bayar dimuka, bisa lihat hasil dulu baru transfer biaya. Kami sudah lama bergerak dibidang jasa pembuatan Design 2D maupun 3D interior eksterior rumah sesuai dengan konsep yang diinginkan klien. Kami telah banyak mengerjakan proyek-proyek design baik dari perorangan maupun perusahaan.

Banyak pelanggan kami yang sampai saat ini masih mempercayakan kepada kami untuk selalu dibuatkan konsep desain 3d rumah tinggal sesuai permintaan customer. Untuk pengerjaan desain kurang lebih 2-3hari setelah data lengkap terkirim. Untuk data data yang harus dikirim adalah denah atau sketsa coretan tangan, ukuran lahan, foto lokasi, konsep yang diinginkan, kalau ada referensi gambar/foto acuan yang disukai lebih bagus agar hasil bisa tepat sasaran. Cukup dengan WA ke 081916200296 atau email ke arusha.st@gmail.com, desain yang anda butuhkan sudah sesuai keinginan anda. Kami siap Membantu mendesignkan rumah Anda dengan Beragam Ide Desain Fantastis dan menarik. Tampil Menarik dengan view 3D dari Arusha Desain.

Design Meja Resepsionis dengan Backdrop Logo Sempoa Fresh dan Modern

2023-07-31T15:45:00.003-07:00

Preview design Meja resepsionis dengan backdrop logo sempoa dibuat lebih fresh, warna dominan hijau orange dan kuning, fresh dan lebih modern minimalis. Viewnya dari depan, kelihatan meja dan backdrop secara keseluruhan. Preview design kita buat sesuai kemauan klien yang telah diutarakan lewat whatsapp. Apakah Anda juga sedang membutuhkan jasa desain interior resepsionis yang unik menarik? Kami siap membantu. Cukup kirim data via WA Arusha Desain 081916200296 dalam 2-3 hari sudah bisa lihat hasilnya, kirim saja data ukuran lahan atau sketsa ukuran, foto lokasi dan konsep design yang diinginkan, segera kita proses. Nanti bisa lihat hasil dulu baru transfer biaya. Kenapa kita harus menggunakan jasa desain 3d? agar bisa mendapatkan hasil pembangunan yang lebih sempurna. Setiap ruangan akan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan memenuhi aspek kenyamanan serta keindahan. Dengan adanya desain 3d akan mudah di review apakah bangunan sudah sesuai yang diinginkan atau belum, lebih mudah merubahnya kalau masih ada yang belum sesuai.

Solusi cepat bagi Anda yang membutuhkan design tampak resepsionis dengan hasil rendering realistik. Kita akan buatkan desainnya dengan kebutuhan view yang seminimal mungkin agar biaya desain tetap murah sesuai budget. Wujudkan interior resepsionis kantor Anda bersama kami penyedia jasa desain 3d dengan designer arsitek freelancer berpengalaman. Desainer Arsitek interior dengan harga Murah sudah Terpercaya Banyak Pelanggan.

Kami Arusha Desain Menyediakan Jasa Desain resepsionis dengan beragam konsep mulai dari Minimalis, Modern, Industrial, Tropis, Klasik, American Classic, Kontemporer, dan lain lain. Kami siap membantu mewujudkan keinginan Anda. Jasa design resepsionis terbaru dan kekinian dari Arusha Desain dijamin memuaskan. Semua permintaan mengenai desain resepsionis yang diinginkan bisa dijabarkan dan diinformasikan via whatsapp agar bisa fast respond. Kalau ada acuan design yang diinginkan untuk diaplikasikan ke lahan lebih bagus agar desain bisa langsung tepat sasaran. Data2 yang dibutuhkan sketsa ukuran lahan dan foto lokasi yang akan di desain. Kami siap Membantu mendesignkan resepsionish dengan Beragam Ide Desain Fantastis dan menarik.

Jasa Design Gambar Rumah Produk Katalog Website

2023-05-31T16:21:00.002-07:00

Selamat pagi Arusha Desain...

Mohon bantuannya, kami perlu gambar rumah 2 lantai seperti gambar di mana di dalamnya ada 18 produk kami yang di masukkan. seperti misalnya kanopy, kitchen set dll. gambar di gunakan untuk di masukkan di websites. Berapa biaya dan berapa lama pembuatan desainnya. penomoronnya adalah jika di klik akan menunjuk ke produk katalog kami.

Kami Arusha Desain menerima jasa pembuatan design interior eksterior rumah.

Apakah Anda sedang membutuhkan jasa desain 3d rumah dengan biaya desain yang murah hasil berkualitas dan cepat selesai, hubungi WA Arusha Desain. Kami siap membantu untuk mewujudkan desain yang anda inginkan, tanpa perlu bertatap muka. Cukup dengan WA ke 081916200296 atau Email ke arusha.st@gmail.com, desain yang anda butuhkan sudah sesuai keinginan anda. Design rumah menjadi salah satu desain favorit untuk pemesanan design interior rumah agar suasana ruangan terlihat lebih menarik, rapi, mewah dan elegan. Jasa design merupakan solusi kreatif untuk menyiasati agar rumah menjadi lebih menarik. Terlampir contoh desain 3d interior rumah yang pernah kita bikin sesuai permintaan klien. Jika Anda tertarik dengan hasil design kami, kirim aja data2 meliputi sketsa ukuran, foto lokasi. Diusahakan 2-3 hari sudah bisa lihat hasilnya. Kami Arusha Desain memberikan solusi bagi anda yang ingin membuat atau merenovasi interior eksterior rumah dengan menyediakan jasa konsep desain dengan harga murah, hasil mewah, cepat dan berpengalaman.

Jasa Gambar Denah Kantor 3D Hasil Cepat Harga Murah

2023-02-16T23:06:00.003-08:00

Pengaturan denah layout ruang pada sebuah kantor tentu saja akan berdampak besar pada psikologi karyawan, sirkulasi, tata letak, keindahan, serta kenyamanan penghuni. Denah 3D Layout ruang dapat dikelola secara profesional dengan menggunakan jasa ahli desain interior arsitek yang mumpuni agar dihasilkan ruangan yang sesuai dengan keinginan. Jasa Desain Kantor dengan arsitek berpengalaman, arsitek handal dan profesional. Free konsultasi sampai hasil sesuai yang diinginkan via whatsapp. Hasil desain kita telah tersebar diseluruh Indonesia, bisa di search google dengan keyword Arusha Desain. Anda tertarik? segera chat WA kami.

Kami menerima job pembuatan gambar denah 3D dengan Harga Murah hasil Berkualitas secara online bisa via email ataupun via WA dengan proses pengerjaan yang cepat, 2-3 hari sudah bisa lihat hasilnya. Jangan khawatir dengan jasa desain kami, nanti desain akan kita buatkan terlebih dahulu dalam resolusi rendah untuk bisa dilihat, baru transfer biaya. Sehingga anda akan aman dan tidak was2 akan hasil akhir desain kita. Nanti setelah transfer biaya desain, gambar resolusi tingginya akan segera kita kirim untuk direview lebih detail. Revisi bisa 2x free. Jika ada yang masih kurang sesuai, revisi akan lebih cepat dan tepat sasaran, jika gambar yang sudah kita kirim dicoret2 bagian mana yang belum sesuai dan cantumkan catatan permintaan revisinya. Jasa gambar kita sudah berjalan lebih dari 10tahun, dan selama ini tidak ada masalah mengenai hasil desain yang telah kita buatkan. Jasa Gambar 3D Spesialis Kantor yang Profesional dan Berpengalaman.

Jasa Design Interior Rumah Harga Murah Hasil Cepat

2023-01-20T01:24:00.001-08:00

Preview design interior rumah tinggal sesuai dengan denah cad terbaru serta berdasarkan lampiran foto eksisting. Desain kita buat berdasarkan data2 yang telah dikirimkan via whatsapp. Jasa Desain interior Rumah dengan designer, arsitek rumah berpengalaman, arsitek handal dan profesional. Free konsultasi sampai puas via whatsapp. Hasil desain kita telah tersebar diseluruh Indonesia, bisa di search google dengan keyword Arusha Desain.

Apakah Anda tertarik? segera chat WA kami, segera kita follow up. Kami menerima job pembuatan desain interior 3D Rumah tinggal dengan Harga Murah hasil Berkualitas secara online bisa via email ataupun via WA dengan proses pengerjaan yang cepat, 2-3 hari sudah bisa lihat hasilnya. Jangan khawatir dengan jasa desain kami, nanti desain akan kita buatkan terlebih dahulu dalam resolusi rendah untuk bisa dilihat, baru transfer biaya. Sehingga anda akan aman dan tidak was2 akan hasil akhir desain kita. Nanti setelah transfer biaya desain, gambar resolusi tingginya akan segera kita kirim untuk direview lebih detail. Revisi bisa 2x free. Jika ada yang masih kurang sesuai, revisi akan lebih cepat dan tepat sasaran, jika gambar yang sudah kita kirim dicoret2 bagian mana yang belum sesuai dan cantumkan catatan permintaan revisinya. Jasa desain kita sudah berjalan lebih dari 10tahun, dan selama ini tidak ada masalah mengenai hasil desain yang telah kita buatkan. Jasa Desain 3D Spesialis Interior Rumah Tinggal yang Profesional dan Berpengalaman.

Pesan Desain Rumah Gaya Tropis Modern GRC Kotak

2022-11-24T07:41:00.000-08:00

Pak saya bisa minta dibuatkan gambar 3D Untuk tampak rumah gaya tropis modern, tks.

Oke pak, siap. ini bikin 3D exterior ya pak?

Ya pak, untuk lay out masih ada perubahan, besok saya kirim yg sudah disetujui oleh owner.

Saya minta dibuatkan 3D tampak depan dan belakang serta ruang dalam, bisa di bantu.

Iya pak, langsung kirim datanya biar dapat diproses, thanks.

Maaf pak coretan saya bisa dimengerti nggak, ini bentuk ruangannya.

Ini gambar ralling dalam

Ini contoh penutup depan teras kamar utama

Saya minta dibuatkan fasad tampak depan sesuai lay out.

Ini hanya contoh pintu garasi yg atasnya ada kaca.

Gaya rumah minta dibuat kan gaya tropis modern.

Yg saya bulatkan untuk model kaca di ruang foyer pak

Ini model pintu utama dan kamar tidur.

Saya perlu tampak depan dan belakang dulu pak.

Pak biayanya berapa untuk satu tampak.

Mungkin sekitar 6 tampak nantinya.

Ini pintu teras belakang lantai 1 dan pintu lantai 3 ke arah roof top

Untuk tampak muka diteras atas depan kamar utama ada grc kotak kayak gbr ini pak

Ini model jendela tampak dari belakang di ruang pantry

Pagi pak, kurang lebih posisi kusen dan pintu garasi seperti ini, contoh pintu dan jendela sesuai dgn gbr d3 yg saya kirim.

Gaya tropis modern.

Lt 3 atapnya genteng buang depan dan belakang.

Oke pak, segera setelah selesai kita kirim hasilnya, terima kasih

Jasa Design Rumah Hook Ornamen Batu Alam Pencahayaan Sirkulasi Udara

2022-10-06T20:33:00.002-07:00

Preview design rumah hook ada sisa tanah disamping konsep modern minimalis dengan pencahayaan dan sirkulasi dari taman. Taman belakang, kolam kecil serta ada teras bisa buat bercengkrama santai, void dibelakang. Ada ormanem batu alam. Ruang Tamu Teras depan bisa dipakai berkumpul di depan rumah, ada taman fasilitas umum dan ada pendopo serta Carpot. Desain ini kita buat sesuai data yang telah klien kirimkan via whatsapp.

Dengan memanfaatkan jasa desain Arusha Desain arsitek rumah, Anda akan mendapatkan nuansa baru dari sebuah rumah yang lebih nyaman dan menyenangkan. Kami telah memiliki pengalaman yang lama untuk memberikan pelayanan dan kualitas design rumah yang bermutu. Jasa desain kita sudah berjalan lebih dari 10tahun, dan selama ini tidak ada masalah mengenai hasil desain yang telah kita buatkan. Bagi Anda yang membutuhkan jasa desain rumah tinggal maka anda bisa memanfaatkan jasa pelayanan desain kami. Kami dengan senang hati akan membantu anda untuk membuatkan Rumah Anda agar lebih nyaman dan juga lebih indah.

Bersama Arusha Desain dapatkan Kemudahan dalam memesan Desain Rumah tinggal mulai dari konsep Minimalis, Kontemporer, Skandinavia, Vintage, industrial, Bohemian, Victorian dan lain lain dengan harga murah hasil yang mewah. Kami menyediakan jasa gambar 3D buat anda untuk segala macam desain konsep Rumah. Desain 3d Rumah ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dari rumah yang akan anda renovasi maupun bikin dari lahan baru, jadi sebelum anda membangun, ada baiknya bisa lihat hasil desain dahulu apakah sudah sesuai harapan dan keinginan, baru setelah sesuai keinginan segera diaplikasikan ke lahannya, hal ini dapt meminimalisir biaya pembangunannya serta mendapatkan hasil aktual yang memuaskan.

Kami selalu berkomitmen dalam mendesain untuk memberikan yang tebaik dan sesuai dengan permintaan klien. Kami Siap Memberikan masukan dan bantuan permasalahan desain rumah tinggal via online. Hasil rendering View 3d dengan kualitas HD photorealistik. Dapatkan Desain 3D rumah tinggal yang Trendy, Unik dan Apik dari Arusha Desain. Konsep Desain yang Berkelas dengan harga design yang murah berkualitas. Hasil Cepat, proses aman, tanpa uang muka. Jasa Desain Rumah tinggal Profesional dan Berpengalaman.

Jasa Design Meja Ruang Kerja Mewah Harga Murah Hasil Cepat

2022-09-12T16:18:00.003-07:00

Preview desain meja kerja dengan posisi rapat di pojok kiri. Design ini kita buat sesuai permintaan klien berdasarkan foto lokasi yang telah dikirimkan. Meja kerja merupakan furniture atau mebel yang digunakan untuk membaca, menulis, menempatkan peralatan laptop, alat tulis, kertas, pena, dan sebagai perlengkapan dan penghias serta dekorasi sebuah ruangan rumah. Meja kerja ini dirancang untuk bekerja, harus ada ergomaticnya akan lebih nyaman digunakan berjam-jam dibandingkan dengan menggunakan meja biasa. Hasil design interior meja kerja ini bisa direview dulu apakah sudah sesuai permintaan klien atau belum, kalau Ok segera transfer biaya agar resolusi tinggi dapat kita kirimkan untuk direview lebih detail, kalau masih ada revisi bisa dp dulu agar bisa segera diperbaiki, jadi desain selanjutnya masih ada kesempatan 2x revisi gratis. Kami Arusha Desain akan membantu Anda mendesainkan suasana interior ruang kerja Anda agar tampil lebih menarik dan nyaman untuk beraktifitas.

Dapatkan harga murah untuk design interior ruang kerja dengan kualitas photorealistik hasil cepat dan berkualitas. Hanya 450ribu/view anda sudah dapat melihat hasilnya. Jika Anda tertarik, kirim saja data2nya meliputi foto lokasi, denah lama ukuran yang sekarang, serta konsep yang diinginkan seperti apa, biar dapat segera diproses sesuai keinginan Anda. Jangan khawatir, nanti desain akan kita buatkan dulu dalam resolusi rendah berwatermark, setelah transfer baru kita kirimkan hasil resolusi tingginya untuk direview lebih detail.Kita akan akan membantu anda membuatkan renovasi interior ruang kerja anda. Seperti apa desain interior ruang kerja yang anda inginkan? kirim saja data2nya nanti kita jabarkan dalam bentuk desain 3d.

Desain 3d ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dari interior ruang kerja yang akan dibangun. Jadi sebelum membangunnya, ada baiknya bikin desain 3d nya dulu agar bisa dilihat apakah sudah sesuai dengan harapan, kalau belum sesuai lebih mudah memperbaiki di designnya daripada memperbaiki setelah membangunnya. Dengan design3d ini dapat mengurangi biaya pembangunannya karena bisa direview dulu sebelum dibangun. Kami penyedia jasa desain interior ruang kerja Murah, berkualitas, mewah, proses cepat hasil tepat, tanpa uang muka. Bisa lihat hasil design ruang kerja dulu Baru Bayar.

Jasa Arsitek Masterplan Kawasan Pabrik Industri Luas

2022-08-28T04:02:00.004-07:00

Terlampir preview desain masterplan kawasan pabrik industri luas yang kita buatkan sesuai permintaan klien dengan data2 foto lokasi serta gari goggle map. Sebagai penyedia jasa desain masterplan, Arusha Desain selalu memberikan yang terbaik untuk klien, baik dari segi konsep maupun rendering view 3D yang berkualitas. Desain kita buatkan sesuai data2 yang masuk sebagai acuan pembuatan desain, lebih banyak data yang dikirimkan lebih bagus. Semua desain kita buat hanya via online, hasil akhir yang di dapat file jpeg resolusi tinggi atau pdf. Jangan khawatir pesanan desain akan kita buatkan dulu previewnya dalam resolusi rendah berwatermark untuk dilihat hasilnya, baru transfer biaya, agar anda merasa aman dan nyaman. Jika Anda tertarik dan mau Order gambar 3d desain masterplan kirim saja data2nya via whatsapp, dan dapatkan View rendering berkualitas dengan harga murah serta waktu yang cepat dalam pembuatan desain. Hubungi kami, kami akan segera proses, anda dapatkan hasil designnya dalam 2-3 hari kedepan. Setelah transfer segera kita kirimkan hasil resolusi tingginya untuk direview lebih detail. Kita memberikan kesempatan revisi gratis sebanyak 2x. Cukup chat via WA ke no 081916200296, kami akan membantu anda membuatkan renovasi atau bikin desain baru untuk masterplan. Seperti apa desain masterplan yang anda inginkan? kirim saja data2nya nanti kita jabarkan dalam bentuk desain 3d. Desain 3d ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal sesuai yang anda inginkan. Harga Murah, Hasil cepat, Konsep mewah, pesan desain tanpa uang muka.

Jasa Desain Rumah Susun Bagian Dalam

2022-06-05T15:49:00.003-07:00

Menerima pembuatan desain interior rumah susun. Rumah susun dibangun untuk sebagai solusi mengenai permasalahan keterbatasan permukiman di perkotaan. Rumah susun biasanya dibangun di sekitar lokasi yang strategis, dekat dengan tempat-tempat pelayanan publik, seperti area perkantoran, rumah sakit, sekolah, dan pusat perbelanjaan. Anda ingin merenovasi bagian dalam rumah susun Anda? Hubungi Kami, Arusha Desain untuk mendapatkan penawaran menarik harga murah untuk design interior rumah susun sesuai konsep yang Anda inginkan. Kami menerima pembuatan design rumah susun dengan berbagai konsep berbagai model. Terlampir contoh desain rumah susun yang pernah kita buat sebagai bahan referensi.

Apakah Anda tertarik dengan desain interior rumah susun yang kita lampirkan, dan ingin dibuatkan juga dengan desain yang lebih cantik, modern dan menarik. Jangan lupa untuk hubungi segera kami Arusha Desain dengan WA ke no 081916200296 yang akan membantu anda membuatkan renovasi atau bikin desain interior rumah susun Anda dari lahan kosong. Seperti apa desain yang anda inginkan? kirim saja data2nya nanti kita jabarkan dalam bentuk desain 3d. Desain 3d ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dari interior rumah susun sesuai yang Anda inginkan. Kami memberikan hasil desain terbaik dan model terbaru dengan kualitas view rendering yang bermutu. Pelayanan terbaik bagi Anda yang ingin memesan desain interior rumah susun, jasa desain kami bisa menjadi pilihan tepat bagi anda, karena kami akan memberikan masukan yang diperlukan mengenai interior rumah susun yang akan anda bangun. Cukup via online semua akan segera menjadi kenyatan. Harga murah, hasil cepat berkualitas.

Jasa Desain Ruang Tamu Termurah dan Terbaru

2022-03-22T22:11:00.002-07:00

Desainer interior berkualitas dan sudah berpengalaman mampu memberikan konsep terbaik dari beragam konsep desain interior, yang dirancang khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan Anda. Kami menyediakan layanan berbagai jasa desain interior untuk rumah, apartemen, cafe, kantor, ruko, rumah sakit, hotel dan lain lain. Preview desain Ruang Tamu yang cantik menarik yang menjadikan ruangan Anda dapat berfungsi lebih optimal. Preview design ini dibuat sebagai acuan untuk pembuatan nantinya. Jadi harus direview dulu lebih detail apakah gambarnya sudah sesuai keinginan atau belum. Kalau sudah sesuai baru kita aplikasikan ke lahannya. Jika Anda tertarik dengan desain Ruang Tamu kami dan ingin dibuatkan juga, chat aja WA kami di 081916200296 dalam 1-3 hari kedepan anda sudah dapat melihat hasilnya. Kami Arusha Desain melayani jasa pembuatan desain model 3D Ruang Tamu dengan beragam konsep. Kami sudah puluhan tahun berkecimpung di jasa pembuatan desain 3d Ruang Tamu. Bagi Anda yang tertarik dan ingin order desain, dijamin aman, nyaman dan cepat hasil designnya. Desain akan kita buatkan dulu dalam resolusi rendah berwatermark untuk dilihat hasilnya, setelah transfer biaya designnya akan kita kirimkan hasil resolusi tingginya untuk direview lebih detail. Kita memberikan 2x revisi gratis.Kami selalu berkomitmen dalam mendesain untuk memberikan yang tebaik dan sesuai dengan permintaan klien. Kami Siap Memberikan masukan dan bantuan permasalahan desain via online. Hasil rendering View 3d Ruang Tamu dengan kualitas HD photorealistik. Jangan lupa segera hubungi segera kami Arusha Desain yang akan membantu anda baik renovasi atau bikin desain baru untuk paket lengkap Ruang Tamu Anda. Dapatkan Desain 3D Ruang Tamu Mewah, Trendy, Unik dan Apik dari Arusha Desain. Konsep Desain yang Berkelas dengan harga design yang murah berkualitas. Cepat, Tepat dan tanpa uang muka. Lihat hasil baru bayar biaya desainnya.

Struktur Plastik Monomer Polimer Duromer

2021-12-07T19:41:00.004-08:00

Struktur plastik Bahan baku produk plastik adalah minyak mentah, gas alam dan batu bara sebagai pembawa karbon. Saat ini, minyak pirolisis dari pabrik daur ulang terkadang digunakan sebagai bahan awal. Nama plastik adalah istilah kolektif untuk bahan makromolekul yang diproduksi secara sintetis atau dengan mengubah produk alami. Makromolekul ini terdiri dari individu, komponen molekul terkait kimia, yang disebut monomer. Ketika monomer dirantai bersama, apa yang disebut polimer dibuat. Sebuah rantai polimer tunggal dapat dibentuk dari beberapa ribu monomer.

Plastik dapat terdiri dari molekul linier, bercabang atau ikatan silang. Makromolekul linier dan bercabang, yang, bagaimanapun, tidak terkait silang, dibuat bergerak oleh penerapan panas. Molekul dapat meluncur satu sama lain, yaitu bahannya dapat mengalir dan dapat ditempa. Inilah sebabnya mengapa bahan polimer ini disebut termoplastik. Semakin panjang rantai molekul dalam plastik, semakin tinggi sifat kekuatannya. Profil sifat termoplastik berkisar dari lunak hingga keras-keras atau rapuh keras. Dalam kasus elastomer, makromolekul saling terkait secara lemah. Pada suhu kamar mereka berada dalam keadaan karet-elastis karena mobilitas rantainya yang tinggi.

Elastomer tidak dapat dicairkan dan tidak larut. Plastik dengan rantai molekul jaringan yang kuat secara spasial dikenal sebagai duromer. Mereka berperilaku keras dan rapuh pada suhu kamar. Seperti elastomer, mereka tidak larut dan tidak dapat diserap. Ada juga yang disebut elastomer termoplastik (TPE), yaitu plastik seperti karet yang dapat dilebur. Seperti termoplastik, mereka terdiri dari molekul benang. Dalam elastomer termoplastik, bagaimanapun, molekul benang memiliki segmen molekul individu yang begitu kuat tertarik satu sama lain sehingga mereka bertindak seperti jaringan.

NEW PRODUCT CREATION

2021-11-10T00:22:00.003-08:00

The products produced by the company, in their journey, of course undergo stages as according to its life cycle, so that product selection, product definition and product designs need to be continuously updated. Therefore know how to create and develop new products successfully it is an obligation for companies that want to survive.

1. New Product Creation Opportunity

Circumstances that provide opportunities for the emergence of new products include:

1. Consumer Understanding

2. Economic Change

3. Sociological and demographic changes

4. Technological Change

5. Political/Regulatory Changes

6. Other changes such as:

a. Practice in the market

b. Professional standard

c. Supplier

d. Distributor

2. The Importance of New Products

Companies need to continuously make efforts to create new products or product renewal because to be able to balance the competition faced including substitute products as well as changes in consumer needs and desires. Even though in reality many new products fail to get it marketed but persistent efforts to introduce new products must still be done. Therefore, product selection, product definition and product design is very important to be carried out continuously so that the operations manager and

the organization must understand the risk of failure that may occur. And must accommodate many new products while the activities carried out are still carried out.

Product Development Stages

a. Ideas that can come from various sources from within the company, for example the Research section

and Development and from outside through understanding consumer behavior, competition,

technology, workers, supplies. This stage is the basis for entering the market and

usually follow the company's marketing strategy.

b. The ability of the company to realize the idea. By doing coordination of various related departments in the company concerned.

c. Consumer demand to win in competition by identifying position and product benefits that consumers want through attributes about the product.

d. Functional specifications: How can a product function? By going through identification of engineering characteristics of the product, possible comparison with the product from competitors.

e. Product specifications: How is the product made? Through physical specifications such as size,

dimensions.

f. Design review: Are the product specifications the best in meeting the requirements? consumer needs?

g. Market test: Does the product meet consumer expectations? To ensure prospects for future by selling in bulk.

h. Introduction in the market by mass-producing to be marketed.

i. Evaluation: to measure success or failure, because if you fail you can quickly

replaced by other, more profitable products.

Color Reproduction in Printing

2021-10-26T00:38:00.002-07:00

Quality assurance in printing aims to constant/fixed and correct/correct color reproduction/copying via whole in the printing process. For printing ink and color printing supplies, the most important parameter is film thickness ink, halftone value, color balance, ink installation and color series.

Ink film thickness For technical reasons, the maximum ink film thickness is in offset printing is about 3.5 m. For coated paper and color process related to DIN 16 539 color location which should be achieved/obtained with an ink film thickness between 0.7 and 1.1 m.

If lithography it doesn't fit / doesn't match, use printing ink that is not appropriate, however, this could happen that point of standardization on the chromatic diagram CIE not reached. Color distance reproduction also decreases if the saturation is not adequate.

In white area picture shows how narrow the color gap with the ink is less in every three color processes.

In terms of physics, the effect of the thickness of the ink film on the The view can be explained as follows.

Printing ink does not cover the paper; the ink is, somewhat, transparent. Light enters/penetrates the ink.

In passing through ink, light facing pigment that absorbs into wavelength whichever is larger or smaller. The higher the pigment concentration and the film thickness The higher the ink/bigger, the more pigment is produced incorporated by the incident light and, as a result, more is absorbed. In the end, the ray of light reaches the surface (white) on the print and reflected supplies. On the way back to the light has to go through the ink film again and only after that he can captured/seen by the eye of the observer.

The thick printing ink film absorbs more light and reflects less than the thin printing ink film; so that observers see darker, more saturated colors, hues. The part of the light that reaches the eye becomes suitable as basis for estimating/grading each color.

Raster Image Processor RIP Express

2021-10-19T03:02:00.002-07:00

Raster Image Processor

translate postscript language for imagessetter

imagesetter: a machine that produces high-resolution output on film

translate image into raster

translate bitmap to halftone

work flow technology to increase processing speed and ease of processing data electronically

print directly

RIP(express)

RipExpress is based on Adobe's Configurable PostScript Interpreter (CPSI) to interpret PostScript files accurately and consistently.

RipExpress by Monotype Systems is software

This versatile RIP can handle color and monochrome files from PostScript 3

RipExpress that combines optimum performance with an exclusive and easy-to-use interface

available for Sun UltraSPARC and Window NT platforms on Pentium PCs.

RipExpress is a full implementation of the PostScript 3 software from Adobe

which offers increased performance and benefits such as direct processing and printing of PDF files.

Super Screens are used to show superior looking finishes. ,

With Super Screens, 'appeal' can be removed from imagesetting and direct-to-plate systems

and can produce 4096 levels of gray on these high-resolution tools.

Color preview provides a full color preview of the RIP work on the screen

Previewed bitmap images can be sent directly to a high-resolution recorder or

alternatively printed to a color proofer for deeper evaluation.

Easy-to-use RipExpress features with a graphical interface

Uses Adobe's CPSI to ensure perfect compatibility with the pure PostScript 3 language.

Output to Laserbus for connecting all kinds of recorders using Personality Interfaces

Input spooling and hold facilities, and output spooling and hold

Color page preview on screen.

Halftone and calibration table.

A set of 136 fonts provided by default.

Multiple inputs using Ethertalk, TCP/IP, LPR, drop folder and MGS3 special input.

Save media usage with Trim Page which removes excess white area under the page

Film Saving which automatically rotates the page so that it can save material.

Anamorphic scaling with separate X & Y scale control

In-place compression and decompression for bitmap files

Additional RIP to TIFF Options: Output can be set to output 1 bit TIFF files as uncompressed, Packbits, CCITT Huffman, Fax Group 3 and Fax Group 4.

OPI can provide a pointer where MGS3 can put high-resolution images when they log into the system

Then OPI substitution can occur on the RIP when the page is printed

FM Screens: Stochastic screening using Adobe Brilliant Screens

PrintExpress Snap Shots PrintExpress/CPM

is a digital workflow system that includes a number of software

which is used to link page builder and press printing applications.

PrintExpress handles the steps from receiving a page in PostScript or PDF format through

RIPAN, pagepairing, spooling, proofing, tracking and remote transmission to printing in different places

The set of modules that PrintExpress includes are:

PostScript / PDF Spooler This module accepts PostScript or PDF format files from other systems

like a page generator on a PC or Mac or an OPI server.

This module uses standard input protocols such as PAP (Apple), TCP/IP, drop file or from OPI MG3 server.

Design Definition and Design Technology

2021-10-15T00:24:00.003-07:00

Design Definition

The term “design” has many connotations. They can range from industrial designers to high structural load engineering designers. A few of these will be summarized in order to highlight that different designer skills are used to meet different product requirements. Essentially it is the process of devising a product that fulfills as completely as possible the total requirements of the user, and at the same time satisfies needs in terms of cost-effectiveness or ROI (return on investment). It encompasses the important interrelationship practical factors such as shape, material selection (including unreinforced and reinforced, elastomers, foams, etc.), consolidation of subparts, fabricating selection, and others that provide low cost-to-performance products. Product design is as much an art as a science. Recognize that a successful design is usually a compromise between the requirements of product function, productibility, and cost. Basically design is the mechanism whereby a requirement is converted to a meaningful plan. Design guidelines for plastics have existed for over a century. With plastics to a greater extent than other materials, an opportunity exists to optimize product design by focusing on material composition and orientation to structural member geometry when required. The type of designer to produce a product depends on the product requirements. As an example in most cases an engineering designer is not needed because the product has no major load requirement. All that is needed is experience and/or a logical evaluation approach based on available material and processing data. This practical approach is the least consumer of time and least expensive.

Design Technology

It is the prediction of performance in its broadest sense, including all the characteristics and properties of materials that are essential and relate to the processing of the plastic. To the designer, an example of a strict definition of a design property could be one that permits calculating product dimensions from a stress analysis. Such properties obviously are the most desirable upon which to base material selections. However, like with metals, there are many stresses that cannot be accurately analyzed. Hence one is forced to rely on properties that correlate with performance requirements. Where the product has critical performance requirements, such as ensuring safety to people, production prototypes will have to be exposed to the requirements it is to meet in service. In plastics, these correlative properties, together with those that can be used in design equations, generally are called engineering properties. They encompass a variety of situations over and above the basic static strength and rigidity requirements, such as impact, fatigue, flammability, chemical resistance, and temperature.

Injection Mold for the Body of a Tape Cassette

2021-10-05T22:06:00.003-07:00

Injection Mold for the Body of a Tape-Cassette Holder Made from High-Impact Polystyrene.

Molded Part: Design and Function

A cubic molded part of impact-resistant polystyrene forms the main body of a tape-cassette holder consisting of a number of injectionmolded parts. Several cassette holders can be stacked on top of each other by snap fits to yield a tower that can accommodate more cassettes. The molded part, which has a base measuring 162mm x 162mm and is 110mm tall, consists of a central square-section rod whose two ends are bounded by two square plates. Between these plates, and parallel to the central rod, are the walls, forming four bays for holding the cassettes. Single-Cavity Mold with Four Splits The mold, with mold fixing dimensions of 525mm x 530mm and 500mm mold height, is designed as a single-cavity mold with four mechanical splits (Fig. 3). The movable splits (9) are mounted on the ejector side of the mold with guide plates (21) and on guide bars (20). The splits form the external side walls of the molded part while the internal contours of the bay’s comprising ribs, spring latches and apertures are made by punches (34) that are fitted into the splits and bolted to them. Core (6), which is mounted along with punch (7) on platen (23), forms the bore for the square-section rod. The punch (7) and the runner plate (14) form the top and bottom sides of the molded part. When the mold is closed, the four splits are supported by the punch (7) and each other via clamping surfaces that are inclined at less than 45 . Furthermore, the apertures in the molded part ensure good support between punches (34) on the splits, core (6) and runner plate (14). The closed splits brace themselves outwardly against four wedge plates (12) which are mounted on the insert plate (18) with the aid of wear plates (13). Adjusting plates (11) ensure accurate fitting of the splits. Each slide is driven by two angle pins (8), located in insert plate (18) on the feed side. Pillars (39) and bushings (37) serve to guide the mold halves. The plates of each mold half are fixed to each other with locating pins (27). The molded part is released from the core by ejector pins (25), which are mounted in the ejector plates (3, 4). Plate (23) is supported on the ejector side against the clamping plate via two rails (40) and, in the region of the ejector plates beneath the cavity, by rolls (2). Feeding via Runners The molding compound reaches the feed points in the corners of the square-section rod via sprue bushing (16) and four runners. The rod’s corners have a slightly larger flow channel than the other walls of the molded part. The sprue bushing is secured against turning by pin (15). Mold Temperature Control Cooling channels are located in the core retainer plate (22) and the insert plate (18). Punch (7) is cooled as shown in Fig. 4. Core (6) is fitted with two cooling pipes, while punch (34) is fitted with cooling pipe (35). Furthermore, the slide (9) are cooled. Demolding: Latches Spring Back As the mold opens, the slides (9) are moved by the angle pins (8) to the outside until the punches (34) are retracted from the side bays of the molded part. As Fig. 5 shows, the cavities of the spring latches Z are located on the one hand between the faces of the four punches (34) and runner plate (14) and, on the other, between the two adjacent side faces of the punches (34). On opening of the mold, the ratio of the distance moved by the slides to the opening stroke between runner plate (14) and slides is the tangent of the angle formed by the angle pins and the longitudinal axis of the mold. Thus, when the mold opens, enough space is created behind the latches Z to enable them to spring back when the punches (34) slide over the wedge-shaped elevations (a) of the latches (Fig. 5). The situation is similar for ejecting latches between adjacent punch faces. As the mold opens further, the angle pins and the guide bores in the slides can no longer come into play. The open position of the slides is secured by the ball catches (33). The molded part remains on core (6) until stop plate (29) comes into contact with the ejector stop of the machine and displaces ejector plates (3, 4) with ejector pins (24, 25). The molded part is ejected from the core, and the sprue from the runners. When the stop plates are actuated, helical springs are compressed (30) that, as the mold is closing, retract the ejector pins before the slides close. Return pins (26) and buffer pins (19) ensure that the ejector system is pushed back when the mold closes completely.

Learn Flexo Packaging Register Overprint Trapping

2021-09-28T19:10:00.000-07:00

Learning flexo is fun, maybe for some people in Indonesia. Of course, the flexo printing technique, especially the CI type, sounds foreign. I'm only 6 years old getting to know flexo printing until this article was written, this poses a big challenge for me to know more about it. In this article I want to introduce flexo printing for those who want to learn flexo printing techniques.

Initially Flexo printing used rubber (like a Stamp) which was then pressed to print the image. The first flexo printing machine was made in 1980 in England by Bibby Baron and Sons, at the same time the same machine was also made in Germany which is named Aniline because it uses Aniline ink.

In 1950 Franklin Moses proposed that the Aniline printing process be renamed be Flexo print.

For the next 30 years the flexo machine is still considered a printing technique for quality low so that it is generally used to print corrugated boxes. But with the discovery of UV ink and its drying, then flexo print using ink UV began to be used to print labels.

Basically the preparation for design and artwork for flexo printing is the same as artwork design work for other printing systems, but there are some differences fundamentals that we must understand. To print flexo what we see on the computer screen and what we see in the proof, may not be the same as the final flexo print.

Proof is made only to see the layout (position of the layout).

A. TERMS IN FLEXO

1. TYPOGRAPHY

Considerations for font size, object ex and line thickness

2. LINE REVERSE / KNOCKOUT

Line object, it is recommended to be limited to no more than 1 color for color

the arrangement.

3. DROP SHADOW

4. REGISTER

5. OVERPRINT

6. CONVERTING TYPE TO OUTLINE

7. TRAPPING

8. DIE LINE

B. HALFTONE SCREENS

Halftone is a collection of small dots that when viewed from a distance will appear

like a stream of gray or colored smelly shadows. The number of the dots must be

enough to be boxy. For color images, there is a stack of dots

consisting of dot colors cyan, magentha, yellow and black (CMYK). The higher the screen

frequency (the more lines per inch), the smoother the image will be. For flexo

quality can be used up to 175 lpi. The defaults are 100, 120, 133, 150 and 175 lpi.

Dot is a dot (circle) that is used to form halftone printing.

The shape of the dot also varies, including round, square, elliptical and octagonal.

In general, a round pacifier is widely used.

The things that cause dot enlargement:

. Excessive ink absorption

. The ink spreads to the material because the viscosity of the ink is too high, making it difficult

spread

. Over-pressed photopolymer (flexo must be with “kiss printing”

. Machine is not good

C. Ink

Flexo ink comparison:

1. Flexo Waterbased Ink

Excess :

- Does not require Exhaust

- Does not cause air pollution

- Excellent absorption, low energy cost for absorbent materials

- No need for explosion proof equipment

- Does not pose a problem for transportation (harmless)

Deficiency :

- If printed on plastic film, it can cause problems with sticking

as well as drying. But for modern machines this problem has been solved.

- Less shiny

- Sometimes foamy

- Cleaning is quite difficult

2. Solvent based flexo ink

Excess :

- Easy to use (set up, cleaning)

- Dries quickly

- Good adhesion to plastic film

- High mechanical resistance

- Stable surface tension

- Anilox is easy to clean (compared to using waterbased inks)

Deficiency :

- Evaporation of solvents causes pollution (harmful to health)

- Air exhaust equipment is required and must be explosion-proof

- There are regulations for the use and storage of solvents and inks

3. UV flexo ink

Excess :

- Does not require Exhaust

- The ink does not dry on the machine

- No need for explosion proof equipment

- Very glossy (glossy)

Deficiency :

- The price of ink is expensive

- Requires a high enough energy, especially if using a cooling roll

- If the temperature changes, the viscosity will also change and can

cause discoloration especially special colors.

- Some materials do not stick well.

by Su-harto

Polymer Structure Polymerization Polycondensation Polyaddition

2021-09-26T22:37:00.004-07:00

Most of the advantages and disadvantages of polymers depend on the size of the structure of the individual polymer molecules, the shape and size of the polymers and how they are formed. The characteristics of a polymer molecule are determined by its size, a feature that distinguishes it from other organic chemical compositions. Polymers are long chains of molecules, also called micromolecules or giant molecules, which are formed by polymerization, in other words by the interlocking and crosslinking of different monomers. Monomers are the basic building blocks of a polymer. The word mer comes from the Greek meros meaning part, indicating the smallest unit.

Polymer means many mers or units, generally a repetition of hundreds or thousands of times a chain-like structure. Most monomers are organic materials in which the carbon atoms are joined in covalent bonds with other atoms, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, silicon and sulfur.

To form macromolecular bonds from each thermoplastic material molecule is done in three ways, namely:

a. Polymerization:

Bringing together several similar molecules to form a large molecule Polymerisate. The monomers in polymers can be linked in repeating units that lengthen and enlarge the molecules by a chemical reaction known as a polymerization reaction. Despite the many variations, the two basic processes are Condentation polymer and Polyaddition.

b. Polycondensation;

The bonding of several molecules to form large macromolecules through the process of separating one of the atoms to bind small molecules from water. From this process, a material called Polycondensate is formed

c. Polyaddition;

Namely the union of several basic molecules through the placement of several molecules without separation of the non-fixed parts. The material formed is called "Polyadducf. In this reaction an initiator is added to break the two bonds between the carbon atoms and start the bonding process by adding more monomers to build the chain. For example the Ethylene monomer bonds to produce a polymer known as Polyethylene .

The sum of the molecular weights of the mer-mers in the polymer chain is the molecular weight of the polymer. The higher the molecular weight in a given polymer, the greater the chain length. Since polymerization is a random event, the resulting polymer chains are not all the same length, but the resulting chain lengths are formed in a traditional distribution curve. We determine and express the average molecular weight of a polymer on a statistical basis by averaging. The distribution of the molecular weight distribution is referred to as the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Molecular weight and MWD have a strong influence on polymer properties. For example, fracture and impact strength, resistance to cracking, and viscosity in the liquid state all increase with increasing molecular weight. Most of the polymers traded have molecular weights between 10,000 and 10,000,000.

In some cases, it is easier to describe the size of a polymer chain in Degrees of Polymerization (DP), defined as the ratio of the molecular weight of the polymer to the molecular weight of the repeating unit. For example, Polyvinyl chloride ( PVC) has a mer weight of 62.5, so the DP of PVC which has a molecular weight of 50,000 will be 50,000 / 62.5 = 800. In the polymerization process, the higher the DP, the greater the polymer viscosity, or flow resistance, thus making it easier to formation and overall costs.

During polymerization the monomers are bonded together in a covalent bond, forming a polymer chain. Because of their strength, covalent bonds are also called primary bonds. In addition, polymer chains hold on to secondary bonds such as van der Waals bonds, hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. Secondary bonds are weaker than primary bonds. In a polymer, the increase in strength and viscosity with molecular weight is partly due to the fact that the longer the polymer chain, the greater the energy required for secondary bonding.

If the repeating units of the polymer chain are of the same type, we call the molecule a homopolymer. However, two or three types of heavy monomers can be combined to obtain special characteristic advantages, such as improved strength and durability. Copolymer consists of two types of polymers such as Styrene-butadine, widely used for car tires. Terpolymer consists of three types such as ABS used for helmets, telephones.