<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566</id><updated>2024-11-01T03:36:35.606-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sostenibles para el futuro</title><subtitle type='html'>El blog de las Energías renovables </subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-1669356727329640765</id><published>2015-02-07T11:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2015-02-07T11:09:23.589-08:00</updated><title type='text'>E- cars</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or
more electric motors, using electrical energy stored inbatteries or another
energy storage device. Electric motors give electric cars instant torque,
creating strong and smooth acceleration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/1669356727329640765/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2015/02/e-cars.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/1669356727329640765'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/1669356727329640765'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2015/02/e-cars.html' title='E- cars'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRh8kN48lGv23vknjJy0VeuFcs1e3i3I3CJzQ6jLg29BjALGV_twLoVyBCPELZPL6Vp99KIsCPEDbUwyV2gHZKXKB0mJE2XYvyjyrn9P5Vrg-foAGT_jiDGbvZhW8jvu90zc7FPWkmDPI/s72-c/e_car.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-7542738164398311211</id><published>2012-11-26T09:44:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2012-11-26T09:47:55.729-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Ingenioso invento para generar energia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/XONLn80SnWs?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/7542738164398311211/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/11/ingenioso-invento-para-generar-energia.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/7542738164398311211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/7542738164398311211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/11/ingenioso-invento-para-generar-energia.html' title='Ingenioso invento para generar energia'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-440387840154409073</id><published>2012-10-16T11:08:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-16T11:27:58.301-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Energía mareomotriz</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Con un promedio de 4 Km. De profundidad, mares y
  océanos cubren las tres cuartas partes de la superficie de
  nuestro planeta. Constituyen un enorme depósito de
  energía siempre en movimiento. En
  la superficie los vientos provocan las olas que pueden alcanzar
  hasta 12 metros de altura, 20 metros debajo de la superficie, las
  diferencias de &lt;a class=&quot;autolink&quot; href=&quot;http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/termodinamica/termodinamica.shtml&quot; id=&quot;autolink&quot;&gt;temperatura&lt;/a&gt;
  (que pueden variar de -2º C a 25º C) engendran
  corrientes; por último, tanto en la superficie como en el
  fondo, la conjugación de las atracciones solar y
  lunar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Las mareas, es decir, el movimiento de las aguas del
  mar, producen una energía que se transforma en &lt;a class=&quot;autolink&quot; href=&quot;http://www.monografias.com/trabajos10/nofu/nofu.shtml&quot; id=&quot;autolink&quot;&gt;electricidad&lt;/a&gt; en
  las centrales mareomotrices. Se aprovecha la energía
  liberada por &lt;a class=&quot;autolink&quot; href=&quot;http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/problemadelagua/problemadelagua.shtml&quot; id=&quot;autolink&quot;&gt;el agua&lt;/a&gt; de mar
  en sus movimientos de ascenso y descenso de las mareas (flujo y
  reflujo). Ésta es una de las nuevas formas de producir
  energía
  eléctrica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://educasitios2008.educ.ar/aula174/files/2008/11/energia-mareas.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://educasitios2008.educ.ar/aula174/files/2008/11/energia-mareas.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La energía de las mareas o mareomotriz se
  aprovecha embalsando agua del mar en ensenadas naturales y
  haciéndola pasar a través de turbinas
  hidráulicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La leve diferencia de temperaturas llega entre la
  superficie y las profundidades del mar (gradiente
  término), constituye una fuente de energía llamada
  mareomotérmica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La energía de las olas es producida por los
  vientos y resulta muy irregular. Ello ha llevado a la &lt;a class=&quot;autolink&quot; href=&quot;http://www.monografias.com/trabajos35/materiales-construccion/materiales-construccion.shtml&quot; id=&quot;autolink&quot;&gt;construcción&lt;/a&gt; de múltiples tipos de
  &lt;a class=&quot;autolink&quot; href=&quot;http://www.monografias.com/trabajos6/auti/auti.shtml&quot; id=&quot;autolink&quot;&gt;máquinas&lt;/a&gt; para hacer posible su
  aprovechamiento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dforceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/energia-mareomotriz.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;381&quot; src=&quot;http://www.dforceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/energia-mareomotriz.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El movimiento de las ondas en el mar se puede comparar
  con el de un campo de trigo bajo la acción del viento. Las
  espigas se inclinan en el sentido del viento, se enderezan y se
  vuelven a inclinar; de modo análogo, por la acción
  de la onda, una vena fluida y vertical, se contrae y se engruesa
  en el movimiento momento que se forma el valle, en tanto que se
  adelgaza y alarga en correspondencia con la fase de cresta o
  elevación. Parece, pues, que oscila a un lado y otro en un
  punto fijo, amortiguándose rápidamente este
  movimiento oscilatorio que se profundiza en el mar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La energía que desarrollan las ondas es enorme y
  proporcional a las masas de aguas que oscilan y a la amplitud de
  oscilación. Esta energía se descompone en dos
  partes, las cuales, prácticamente, son iguales: una
  energía potencial, la cual provoca la deformación
  de la superficie del mar, y una energía cinética o
  de movimiento, debida al desplazamiento de las partículas;
  en suma, de la masa de agua.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;object height=&quot;360&quot; width=&quot;480&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/09hFQoHVZeo?version=3&amp;amp;hl=es_ES&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Las olas se forman en cualquier punto del mar por la
  acción del viento. En un día de calma, por la
  mañana, la superficie del mar está absolutamente
  tranquila. Pero cuando comienza soplar una brisa suave se forman
  en la superficie tranquila de las aguas pequeñas
  elevaciones, olas minúsculas: el mar se &quot;riza&quot;. A medida
  que aumenta la velocidad del viento, las olas crecen en altura y
  en masa mas rápidamente que la longitud, en profundidad,
  de la ola. Finalmente, cuando el viento sopla con violencia, las
  olas alcanzan tamaño gigantesco y por el impulso de
  aquél corren sobre la superficie marina a gran velocidad y
  descargan toda su potencia sobre los obstáculos que
  encuentran en su camino. Los efectos de estos choques son enormes
  y la cantidad de energía disipada en ellos es
  considerable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;object height=&quot;360&quot; width=&quot;480&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/ZuAlYeS7PmM?version=3&amp;amp;hl=es_ES&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/440387840154409073/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/energia-mareomotriz.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/440387840154409073'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/440387840154409073'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/energia-mareomotriz.html' title='Energía mareomotriz'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-1460807589114416916</id><published>2012-10-13T07:58:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-13T07:58:51.394-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ventajas y desventajas de la energía eólica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La energía eólica, posee tanto ventajas como
desventajas, conociendo estos aspectos podemos aprender sobre como mejorarla y
como desarrollarla&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/1460807589114416916/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-la-energia.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/1460807589114416916'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/1460807589114416916'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-la-energia.html' title='Ventajas y desventajas de la energía eólica'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-8864300280189210066</id><published>2012-10-10T02:31:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-13T07:17:25.524-07:00</updated><title type='text'>¿ Que es la energía eólica ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La energía eólica pertenece al conjunto de
las energías renovables o también denominadas energías alternativas. La energía
eólica es el tipo de energía renovable más extendida a nivel internacional por
potencia instalada (Mw) y por energía generada (Gwh).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La energía eólica procede de la energía del
sol&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;(energía solar), ya que son los cambios de presiones y de
temperaturas en la atmósfera los que hacen que el aire se ponga en movimiento,
provocando el viento, que los aerogeneradores aprovechan para producir energía
eléctrica a través del movimiento de sus palas (energía cinética).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Para la generación de
energía eléctrica&amp;nbsp; apartir de la energía del viento a nosotros nos
interesa mucho mas el origen de los vientos en zonas mas especificas del
planeta, estos vientos son los llamados vientos locales,&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;entre estos
están las brisas marinas que son debida a la diferencia de temperatura entre el
mar y la tierra , también están los llamados vientos de montaña que se producen
por el calentamiento de las montañas y esto afecta en la densidad del aire y
hace que el viento suba por la ladera de la montaña o baje por esta dependiendo
si es de noche o de día.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El viento es el que al impactar sobre las palas del molino, que están 
diseñadas de tal forma que se aproveche esta fuerza al máximo, hace que 
se muevan. Las aspas funcionan de forma similar a como lo hacen las alas
 de un avión, con el llamado principio de sustentación. Cuando una 
corriente de aire llega, en la cara a barlovento (en la que impacta el 
viento) se crea una sobrepresión mientras que en la que está a sotavento
 está a menor presión. La diferencia de presión es la que hace que 
aparezca una fuerza de empuje. Esta fuerza de levantamiento es 
perpendicular a la dirección de la fuerza resultante (la dirección hacia
 la que se desvía el viento por la forma del aspa).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Como resultado se 
transforma la energía del viento en un par mecánico que hace que un eje,
 como parte del rotor de la turbina, gire. Éste llega a una caja 
multiplicadora y de ahí al generador eléctrico que funciona de una forma
 similar a la de la dinamo de una bicicleta generando electricidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;One of the oldest methods of benefiting from renewable energy sources is
 &quot;Wind Power&quot;. Windmills have been used for centuries for grinding flour
 or pumping water to agricultural terrains. In the last century the same
 basic concept of windmills have been adapted to &quot;Wind Turbines&quot;, for 
producing electrical energy. Now we use bigger, lighter and more 
efficient Wind Turbines instead of Windmills.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pilmerpr.com/blog-images/uploads/2011/05/how_wind_turbine_works.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;http://www.pilmerpr.com/blog-images/uploads/2011/05/how_wind_turbine_works.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The terms &quot;wind energy&quot; or &quot;wind power&quot; describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity.
 Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical 
power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as 
grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this 
mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, 
and the like.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator
 that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the
 opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a 
fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the 
blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes 
electricity.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Worldwide there are now many thousands of wind turbines operating, with a total nameplate capacity of 238,351&amp;nbsp;MW as of end 2011.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-global_council_38-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-global_council-38&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The European Union alone passed some 100,000 MW nameplate capacity in September 2012.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-39&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-39&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, while China surpassed 50,000 MW in August 2012.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-40&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-40&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; World wind generation capacity more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006, doubling about every three years. The United States pioneered wind farms
 and led the world in installed capacity in the 1980s and into the 
1990s. In 1997 German installed capacity surpassed the U.S. and led 
until once again overtaken by the U.S. in 2008. China has been rapidly expanding its wind installations in the late 2000s and passed the U.S. in 2010 to become the world leader.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;At the end of 2011, worldwide nameplate capacity of wind-powered generators was 238 gigawatts (GW), growing by 41 GW over the preceding year.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-41&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-41&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 2010 data from the World Wind Energy Association,
 an industry organization states that wind power now has the capacity to
 generate 430 TWh annually, which is about 2.5% of worldwide electricity
 usage.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-wwea_42-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-wwea-42&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-wor_43-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-wor-43&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Between 2005 and 2010 the average annual growth in new installations was 27.6 percent.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-re_44-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-re-44&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Wind power market penetration is expected to reach 3.35 percent by 2013 and 8 percent by 2018.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-re_44-1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-re-44&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-bt_45-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-bt-45&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
 Several countries have already achieved relatively high levels of 
penetration, such as 28% of stationary (grid) electricity production in Denmark (2011),&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-Elstat_46-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-Elstat-46&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 19% in Portugal (2011),&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-renPT2011_47-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-renPT2011-47&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 16% in Spain (2011),&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-ree2011prelim_48-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-ree2011prelim-48&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 14% in Ireland (2010)&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-eirgrid_renewables_49-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-eirgrid_renewables-49&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and 8% in Germany (2011).&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-50&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power#cite_note-50&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; As of 2011, 83 countries around the world were using wind power on a commercial basis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Europe
 accounted for 48% of the world total wind power generation capacity in 
2009. &lt;b&gt;In 2010, Spain became Europe&#39;s leading producer of wind energy&lt;/b&gt;, 
achieving 42,976 GWh. Germany held the top spot in Europe in terms of 
installed capacity, with a total of 27,215 MW as of 31 December 2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Die Idee der guten alten Windmühle lebt in modernen Windenergieanlagen weiter. Heutige Anlagen sind absolute Hightech- Produkte. Dank innovativer Materialien, spezieller Stromgeneratoren und ausgefeilter Anlagenelektronik entstammt immer mehr unseres Stroms der Kraft des Windes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Heute sind 
Windenergieanlagen Hightech- Produkte, die den Vergleich zum Flugzeugbau
 nicht scheuen müssen. Dabei blickt die Nutzung der Windenergie in 
Europa auf eine lange Tradition zurück. Bereits im 12. Jahrhundert 
wurden die ersten Windmühlen (Bockwindmühlen) mit drehbarem Mühlhaus 
errichtet. Die technologische Weiterentwicklung mit einer drehbaren 
Turmkappe fand in den Niederlanden mit der „Holländerwindmühle“ im 15. 
Jahrhundert statt. Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts waren in Deutschland ca. 
20.000 Windmühlen in Betrieb; im Jahr 2007 liefen zum Vergleich 19.000 
moderne Windenergieanlagen. Für die Niederlande waren im 17./ 18. 
Jahrhundert die 9.000 Windmühlen „Motor“ des Wirtschaftsaufschwungs. Man
 hat sie zur Bodenentwässerung, in Sägefabriken und in Hammerwerken 
eingesetzt.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;bodytext&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;bodytext&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Die erste industrielle Massenfertigung von 
Windenergieanlagen (WEA) erfolgte in den USA: Von 1860 bis 1930 wurden 
ca. 6 Mio. WEA („Westernräder“) für Grundwasserpumpen verkauft. Weltweit
 begann der Niedergang der mechanischen Windenergienutzung mit der 
Dampfmaschine, der Konkurrenz des billigen Diesels und der 
Elektrifizierung des ländlichen Raums. Die moderne Windkraftnutzung 
begann 1891 in Dänemark. Geschützt durch die hohen Energiepreise während
 des 1. Weltkrieges waren später dann etwa 120 kleine Anlagen in 
Betrieb. In den 1920er Jahren wurden in Dänemark, der UdSSR und 
Deutschland die Forschungen fortgesetzt; in den USA ging 1941 die erste 
Großanlage in die netzgebundene Stromerzeugung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/8864300280189210066/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/que-es-la-energia-eolica.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/8864300280189210066'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/8864300280189210066'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/que-es-la-energia-eolica.html' title='¿ Que es la energía eólica ?'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSx6UGN04vdwErYFGXg_2yj1v4-eSEPg1rK-uNtGWYkvbidYni2kD_pEbDxp9SwHzr0ty3uf13fmt4SI7uw_dDAFSG8AjdV1CNwBsPIKgPZEBxB0xb3hfmjxJJDk1Il24kg-aXNpkdF1k/s72-c/eolica.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-955435083196895476</id><published>2012-10-04T13:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-11T02:09:36.735-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Como se construyen los paneles solares</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.corrienteverde.com/php_uploads/_images/paneles%20solares.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;256&quot; src=&quot;http://www.corrienteverde.com/php_uploads/_images/paneles%20solares.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Siempre me he preguntado como se fabrican los paneles
solares y de que compuestos están hechos, así que en esta entrada quiero dar a
conocer, con la ayuda de algunos videos, las técnicas que se utilizan para
ello, seguramente a lo largo del tiempo vuelva a hacer hincapié en este tema y continúe
aportando mas datos sobre este tema, la fabricación de paneles solares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;No soy un experto en energías renovables, pero llevo años
admirando este campo y me apasiona la idea de que el ser humano pueda
aprovechar de mejor forma, los recursos que el planeta le entrega. Así que sin más
preámbulos aquí va algo que espero os interese a tod@s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Un &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel_solar&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;panel solar&lt;/a&gt; es un módulo que aprovecha la &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa&quot; title=&quot;Energía&quot;&gt;energía&lt;/a&gt; de la &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_solar&quot; title=&quot;Radiación solar&quot;&gt;radiación solar&lt;/a&gt;. El término comprende a los &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captador_solar_plano&quot; title=&quot;Captador solar plano&quot;&gt;colectores solares&lt;/a&gt; utilizados para producir agua caliente (usualmente doméstica) y a los &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel_fotovoltaico&quot; title=&quot;Panel fotovoltaico&quot;&gt;paneles fotovoltaicos&lt;/a&gt; utilizados para generar &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricidad&quot; title=&quot;Electricidad&quot;&gt;electricidad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El silicio es actualmente el material más comúnmente usado
para la fabricación de células fotovoltaicas. Se obtiene por reducción de la
sílice, compuesto más abundante en la corteza de la Tierra, en particular en la
arena o el cuarzo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El primer paso es la producción de silicio metalúrgico, puro
al 98%, obtenido de pedazos de piedras de cuarzo provenientes de un filón
mineral (la técnica de producción industrial no parte de la arena).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El silicio se purifica mediante procedimientos químicos
(Lavado + Decapado) empleando con frecuencia destilaciones de compuestos
clorados de Silicio, hasta que la concentración de impurezas es inferior al 0.2
partes por millón. Así se obtiene el Silicio grado semiconductor con un grado
de pureza superior al requerido para la generación de Energía Solar
Fotovoltaica. Este ha constituido la base del abastecimiento de materia
prima para aplicaciones solares hasta la fecha, representando en la actualidad
casi las tres cuartas partes del aprovisionamiento de las industrias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sin embargo, para usos específicamente solares, son
suficientes (dependiendo del tipo de impureza y de la técnica de
cristalización), concentraciones de impurezas del orden de una parte por
millón. Al material de esta concentración se le suele denominar Silicio de
grado solar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Con el silicio fundido, se realiza un proceso de crecimiento
cristalino que consiste en formar capas mono moleculares alrededor de un germen
de cristalización o de un cristalito inicial. Nuevas moléculas se adhieren
preferentemente en la cara donde su adhesión libera más energía. Las
diferencias energéticas suelen ser pequeñas y pueden ser modificadas por la
presencia de dichas impurezas o cambiando las condiciones de cristalización.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://universalconections.com/images/celdas-solares-de-silicio.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;http://universalconections.com/images/celdas-solares-de-silicio.jpg&quot; width=&quot;318&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;En una lámina de material semiconductor puro 
                          se introducen elementos químicos llamados dopantes 
                          que hacen que esta tenga un exceso de electrones y aunque 
                          no exista en realidad desequilibrio eléctrico 
                          (existirá el mismo numero de electrones que de 
                          neutrones en el total de la plancha del semiconductor 
                          ) convencionalmente se entiende que esta plancha tiene 
                          una carga negativa y se la denomina N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
                        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Por otro lado en otra lámina de material semiconductor 
                          se hace el mismo proceso pero en esta ocasión 
                          con otra sustancia dopante que provoca que haya una 
                          falta de electrones. Por esta razón se entiende 
                          convencionalmente que la plancha tiene una carga positiva 
                          y se le denomina P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Es en este punto donde se procede a realizar la unión 
                          P-N en la cual el exceso de electrones de N pasa al 
                          otro cristal y ocupa los espacios libres en P. Con este 
                          proceso la zona inmediata a la unión queda cargada 
                          positivamente en N y negativamente en P creándose 
                          un campo eléctrico cuya barrera de potencial 
                          impide que continúe el proceso de trasvase de 
                          electrones de una plancha a la otra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Cuando 
                          el conjunto queda expuesto a la radiación solar, 
                          los fotones contenidos en la luz transmiten su energía 
                          a los electrones de los materiales semiconductores que 
                          pueden entonces romper la barrera de potencial de la 
                          unión P-N y salir del semiconductor a través 
                          de un circuito exterior, produciéndose así 
                          corriente eléctrica. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El 
                          modulo más pequeño de material semiconductor 
                          con unión P-N y por lo tanto con capacidad de 
                          producir electricidad, es denominado célula fotovoltaica. 
                          Estas células fotovoltaicas se combinan de determinadas 
                          maneras para lograr la potencia y el voltaje deseados. 
                          Este conjunto de células sobre el soporte adecuado 
                          y con los recubrimientos que le protejan convenientemente 
                          de agentes atmosféricos es lo que se denomina 
                          panel fotovoltaico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ecologiaverde.com/wp-content/2009/01/paneles_solares.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ecologiaverde.com/wp-content/2009/01/paneles_solares.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Making solar panels is a delicate process, and it is for this reason that major solar advances did not come into
    play until the lattermost quarter of the last century, when advances in semiconductors and photovoltaic design allowed
    increasingly efficient and affordable solar cells to be developed.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;The creation of solar panels typically involves cutting crystalline silicon into tiny disks less than a centimeter
    thick. These thin, wafer-like disks are then carefully polished and treated to repair and gloss any damage from the
    slicing process. After polishing, dopants (materials added to alter an electrical charge in a semiconductor or
    photovoltaic solar cell) and metal conductors are spread across each disk. The conductors are aligned in a thin,
    grid-like matrix on the top of the solar panel, and are spread in a flat, thin sheet on the side facing the earth.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;There are two main types of panels, the first are crystalline solar
 panels. Here silicon- the main component in all solar panels- is sliced
 into thin wafers and polished to remove imperfections. A layer of 
phosphorous is then used to coat the wafer and are then heated. The 
phosphorous is diffused into the silicone and then the wafer is covered 
with a thin conductive grid. To complete the panel the wafers are then 
bonded with a thin layer of protective glass and sealed to its supports 
by using thermally conductive cement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; The entire process involves the heavy use of precision automated 
tools and vacuums to ensure the wafers are to exact specifications and 
without flaws that would inhibit their ability to generate electricity.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;But unfortunately crystalline panels are known for the stiff inflexibility and fragility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; This is where the second type of panel make their mark. Amorphous 
solar panels differ greatly in construction from crystalline panels. By 
being manufactured using vaporized silicon, which is diffused into 
extremely thin layers, these panels become flexible, and much less 
fragile than their crystalline counterparts. These layers specialize in 
absorbing different parts of the light spectrum giving these panels the 
power to absorb greater amounts of energy from the same amount of light.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Because these layers are also thinner than those used in crystalline cells, they can cut the cost of production in half.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Some units also come with multiple circuits, meaning if part of the
 unit is in the shade it will not cease output completely, as 
crystalline are sometimes known to do. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; While solar panels, especially with the advent of the amorphous panel, are a great way to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels,
 their production is very sensitive and complicated. In order to create 
the cells properly precision tools and equipment must be used, as well 
as vacuums and non-disintegrating materials. But the advent of amorphous
 bodes well for the sustainable future of these high-tech devices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/0Pzjlh0IKps&quot; width=&quot;480&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ein &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarmodul&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Solarmodul&lt;/a&gt; oder Photovoltaikmodul wandelt das &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licht&quot; title=&quot;Licht&quot;&gt;Licht&lt;/a&gt; der Sonne direkt in &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Energie&quot; title=&quot;Elektrische Energie&quot;&gt;elektrische Energie&lt;/a&gt; um. Das Modul besteht aus &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarzelle&quot; title=&quot;Solarzelle&quot;&gt;Solarzellen&lt;/a&gt;,
 die in serie oder parallel geschaltet sind. Solarmodule sind als 
flexible und starre Ausführung verfügbar. Starre Solarmodule bestehen 
üblicherweise aus siliziumbasierten Solarzellen, die auf einen 
Aluminiumrahmen montiert und von einer Glasplatte abgedeckt sind. Die 
Solarzellen werden hier mechanisch durch das Modul vor Umwelteinflüssen 
geschützt, z.&amp;nbsp;B. Hagel, TCO-Korrosion. Flexible Solarmodule basieren auf organischen Werkstoffen und werden vorzugsweise im mobilen Bereich eingesetzt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/955435083196895476/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/como-se-construyen-los-paneles-solares.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/955435083196895476'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/955435083196895476'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/10/como-se-construyen-los-paneles-solares.html' title='Como se construyen los paneles solares'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/Z70D9fmLJS8/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-4533485103570226227</id><published>2012-09-27T04:57:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-06T14:41:32.888-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Solar Decathlon Europe 2012</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Competencia internacional de casas solares en Madrid del 14 al 30 de septiembre de 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;http://arup.com/Home/News/2012_09_September/13_Sep_Europe_Solar_Decathlon_2012_ready_to_start/~/media/Images/News/2012_09_September/Solar%20Decathlon_900x600.ashx?mh=800&amp;amp;mw=1000&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: #0c343d; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El&amp;nbsp;día&amp;nbsp;3 de septiembre se celebró la &quot;Welcome
Reception&quot; y se ha comenzado el montaje de la Villa Solar. EL SOLAR
DECATHLON EUROPE abrirá sus puertas al público del&amp;nbsp;14 al 30 de septiembre
de 2012 en el Escenario Puerta del Ángel de la Casa de Campo en Madrid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Solar Decathlon Europe es una competición universitaria
internacional que impulsa la investigación en el desarrollo de viviendas
eficientes. El objetivo de los equipos participantes es el diseño y
construcción de casas que consuman la menor cantidad de recursos naturales, y
produzcan un mínimo de residuos durante su ciclo de vida. Se hace especial
hincapié en reducir el consumo de energía, el sol constituye su única fuente de
energía.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Durante la fase final de la competición cada equipo ha de montar
su casa en Madrid, en un recinto abierto al público que denominamos&amp;nbsp;
&lt;b&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sdeurope.org/?page_id=1181&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Villa Solar&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1b488d; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
Villa Solar&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;, donde todas ellas pueden
ser visitadas, a la vez que se enfrentan a las diez pruebas (de ahí el nombre
de “decathlon”) que determinan cuál es la ganadora de la edición.&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
En septiembre de 2012,&amp;nbsp; la competición contará
con&amp;nbsp;veinte&amp;nbsp;propuestas procedentes de 15 países diferentes, once de
ellos europeos (Alemania, Dinamarca, España, Francia, Hungría, Italia, Noruega,
Países Bajos, Portugal, Reino Unido y Rumanía), a las que se suman otras cuatro
procedentes de China, Japón, Brasil y Egipto.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Cada uno de estos equipos se apoya en una o más universidades,
con la colaboración económica y técnica de instituciones y empresas. El
protagonismo durante todo el proceso, desde el inicio del diseño a la última
fase del concurso en Madrid recae sobre los estudiantes, conocidos como
“decathletas”, tutelados por un profesor, el “Faculty Advisor”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La organización del evento
tiene una doble finalidad formativa y científica: los decathletas aprenden a
trabajar en equipos multidisciplinares, que se enfrentan a los retos que
plantea el futuro de la edificación, desarrollando soluciones innovadoras. El
público comprueba y toma conciencia de las posibilidades reales de aunar una
disminución del impacto medioambiental, con el mantenimiento del confort y
calidad del diseño en sus hogares, y los profesionales acceden a técnicas y
procesos que pueden estudiar y aplicar. Además, los voluntarios,
imprescindibles para la realización de SDE,&amp;nbsp; tienen la oportunidad de
intercambiar experiencias con los equipos y crecer profesionalmente a través de
su trabajo durante la competición.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Por su parte, las
Universidades, empresas y organismos públicos acceden a un nuevo modo de
colaboración, ensayando, por ejemplo, proyectos científicos en condiciones
reales, para llevarlos más adelante al mercado, o perfeccionando y aplicando de
forma creativa productos existentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAsACQj4_8qPWace7Ln-RhyphenhyphenEsVkBHyaW36Q-aIo1pS9gPQlYl1KOtG0fxfmrFiFbJarg91JJlqts6bxG0DrEqw27ZLGJAJnxLnqbLAj1K2LtgtNlGX4GM8J1sRjYzxGsNMmp_mIjN3xhIC/s1600/solar+decathlon+europe.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;347&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAsACQj4_8qPWace7Ln-RhyphenhyphenEsVkBHyaW36Q-aIo1pS9gPQlYl1KOtG0fxfmrFiFbJarg91JJlqts6bxG0DrEqw27ZLGJAJnxLnqbLAj1K2LtgtNlGX4GM8J1sRjYzxGsNMmp_mIjN3xhIC/s640/solar+decathlon+europe.JPG&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;España aporta cinco equipos:
Andalucía Team (Universidades de Granada, Jaén, Málaga y Sevilla) con la
casa Patio 2.12; Universidad del País Vasco, casa EKI house; Politécnica de
Cataluña, casa E(CO); CEU Valencia, casa SML system y la Universidad de
Zaragoza, con la casa Pi, que ha sustituido, a última hora, a un equipo
noruego.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://andaluciateam.org/wp/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Andalucía Team&lt;/a&gt; (Universidades de Granada, Jaén, Málaga y Sevilla)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Las escuelas de arquitectura
de Sevilla, Málaga y Granada y la Politécnica Superior de Jaén participarán en
la competición Solar Decathlon Europe, con el proyecto Patio 2.12 una casa
inteligente que simula el &quot;efecto &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botijo&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;botijo&lt;/a&gt;&quot; para regular la temperatura de
las habitaciones y para ahorrar energía. y en otros elementos tradicionales
del Mediterráneo para conseguir la autorregulación de la temperatura de las
diferentes estancias.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;PATIO 2.12,
the proposal of Andalucia Team for Solar Decathlon Europe 2012, is a prototype
of self-sustaining prefabricated modular house which develops a new
interpretation of materials and spaces on traditional Andalusian construction, specially
focused on the “patio”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;PATIO 2.12
is built by addition of completely finished prefabricated modules, transported
by road for their assemblage on the chosen site, which use the “patio” space as
a connection element between them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;These
finished prefabricated modules do not constitute the whole house, a
constructive element or a room; it is just a complex module or group of
functions, where uses are mixed and shared (cooking-eating, relax-study,
resting-washing). The intermediate scale of prefabrication system used on the
prototype produces an attractive, flexible and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;adaptable
house.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Housing
self-design becomes possible. User could choose between a list of spaces
already prepared with all the necessary equipment and technologies, and
organize them at his will around the flexible element: the “patio”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;As it
happens in the traditional Andalusian house, the “patio” is also the centre and
heart of the home, housing several functions and developing an inside/outside relationship
which makes a gradient on the comfort conditions possible. Recreating the pleasing
conditions of a Mediterranean space by modulating light and shade, humidity,
temperature and even smells and sounds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.youtube.com/embed/nzx3BTSVbVY?feature=player_embedded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://infraestructurasinteligentes.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Patio-2.12-65332.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;356&quot; src=&quot;http://infraestructurasinteligentes.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Patio-2.12-65332.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universidad
del País Vasco, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ekihouse.org/noticias_detalle.php?ident=25&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;casa EKI house&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;El proyecto de la Universidad del Pais Vasco se llama EKI house y
vincula al conjunto de entidades presentadas, que en distintos momentos han
participado entre ellas en acciones colaborativas. Se plantea generar una red
de conocimiento y acción que desarrolle propuestas en el ámbito arquitectura
humanamente accesible y ergonómica, ecoeficiente e inteligente, una vivienda
urbana industrializable, sostenible y respetuosa con el medio ambiente que
aporte una calidad de vida elevada a sus usuarios mediante una metodología
colaborativa que comprenda los procesos de diseño, fabricación y construcción.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Politécnica de
Cataluña, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.upc.edu/saladepremsa/al-dia/mes-noticies/la-casa-invernadero-2018-e-co2019-de-la-upc-busca-micromecenazgo-para-transportar-el-prototipo-a-madrid&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;casa (E)Co&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña ha diseñado 
un modelo de vivienda sostenible basado en alcanzar el equilibrio 
perfecto entre el medio ambiente, la sociedad y la economía.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;spacer_&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;

(E)Co&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; es una vivienda que se distribuye a través de
 las actividades que entraña, dando lugar a múltiples espacios no 
programados. Lo más interesante de la casa es el remate de su estructura, que contará con un sistema de aislamiento térmico a base de pieles, con un cerramiento final a modo de invernadero agrícola, el cual rebajará considerablemente el consumo energético&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;CEU Valencia, &lt;a href=&quot;http://sdeurope.uch.ceu.es/2012/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;casa SML system&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Esta propuesta de vivienda SML System tiene como punto de partida la &lt;i&gt;prefabricación y la industrialización&lt;/i&gt;. Se trata de una casa formada por tres módulos que se unen y se
 colocan ligeramente desplazados transversalmente para optimizar tanto 
el aprovechamiento de la energía como el diseño. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Universidad de
Zaragoza, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unizarcasapi.com/galer%C3%ADa/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;casa Pi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Es un proyecto de casa ecológica y autosuficiente basada en la energía solar, con la que investigadores del Grupo de Energía y Edificación de la Universidad de Zaragoz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la Casa Pi ha introducido una revolución: el hormigón, un material hasta
 ahora reñido con la bioarquitectura por el gran consumo energético que 
supone su fabricación. Este material se utilizaría en las partes 
horizontales de la casa “para aprovechar su gran inercia térmica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Los  creadores de la Casa PI la han concebido como la vivienda 
ecológica,  sostenible, accesible y asequible del futuro y, a largo 
plazo, planean  instalar el prototipo en la Universidad de Zaragoza, 
donde podrá ser  utilizado como banco de pruebas para prácticas, para 
investigadores y  para empresas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Team &lt;a href=&quot;http://sde2012.htwg-konstanz.de/es/team-ecolar.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;ECOLAR&lt;/a&gt; (Alemania)&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La casa Ecolar es una vivienda solar diseñada por la Universidad de 
Ciencias Aplicadas de Constanza (Alemania) que participará en la 
competición &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.muyinteresante.es/tag/Solar%20Decathlon%20Europe%202012&quot; title=&quot;Solar Decathlon Europe 2012&quot;&gt;Solar Decathlon Europe 2012&lt;/a&gt;. Su diseño se centra en dos principios esenciales de construcción: modularidad y flexibilidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ecolar se compone de cuatro habitaciones interiores y dos 
exteriores, y su cubierta está separada del cuerpo principal del 
edificio por un espacio. Al estar formada por módulos, la casa permite 
diferentes configuraciones espaciales ya que incluye elementos 
estandarizados que permiten realizar variaciones. Todos esos elementos 
se han prefabricado para hacer un uso eficaz del tiempo, el dinero y los
 materiales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desde el punto de vista energético, una segunda piel de &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.muyinteresante.es/tag/paneles%20fotovoltaicos&quot; title=&quot;paneles fotovoltaicos&quot;&gt;paneles fotovoltaicos&lt;/a&gt; recubre los muros de la vivienda.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Because ECOLAR consists of the 
terms Ecologic and Economic but also Modular and Solar. The name thus 
indicates to the main objectives of our design.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ecologic&lt;/b&gt;: Throughout the life cycle of the
 building – from raw material extraction, through processing of the 
products to their disposal – the greatest emphasis is laid on 
ecologically sound building materials and methods.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sola&lt;/b&gt;r: The sun is the main energy 
supplier. By the use of numerous photovoltaic panels the power of the 
sun can be deployed. Therefore no fossil energy source are needed and 
the environment will be preserved.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Economic&lt;/b&gt;: Most of the components can be 
produced in advance and in series with a high level of accuracy.This 
simplifies the assembly and reduces the manufacturing cost. Thus, 
material, money and time can be spent efficiently.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Modular&lt;/b&gt;: The Ecolar Home is modular, it 
can expand and shrink. This high degree of flexibility also increases 
the lifetime of the building, because it can easily be adapted or 
converted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;RWTH Aachen University (Alemania), &lt;a href=&quot;http://solar.arch.rwth-aachen.de/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Counter Entropy House&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Counter&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrop%C3%ADa&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt; Entropy&lt;/a&gt; House, una vivienda en la que se optimiza el ciclo de 
vida de los materiales para aumentar la eficiencia energética.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El
 diseño de Counter Entropy House tiene en cuenta tanto la producción de 
sus componentes, como su transporte e hipotética eliminación. Para 
reducir al mínimo el balance energético, se priorizan productos con baja energía incorporada. Se utilizan materiales reciclados
 y el proyecto también incluye directa o indirectamente la reutilización
 de objetos. Esto implica la reutilización de determinados artículos, ya
 sea con su función original o con un uso diferente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Está formada por dos elementos horizontales rectangulares desplazados 
hacia un lado que dividen la vivienda en una zona privada al oeste y 
otra pública al este. El primer elemento consta de una amplia&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;cubierta climática&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;que, además de proteger del sol y la lluvia, permite captar&amp;nbsp;energía solar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;This is the Counter Entropy Concept:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ce_text canvas_transp block&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reduce waste:&lt;/b&gt; We try to 
avoid inseparable connections between different materials while building
 our house. After the disassembly of our house all parts can be 
separated and recycled.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Reuse:&lt;/b&gt; We use components 
from used products. Those are either recycled or directly reused. This 
way they get a second usage before they return to their product cycle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conserving resources:&lt;/b&gt; We 
only use resources where it is really necessary. This is accomplished 
with our reusing concept but also with a thoughtful handling of building
 material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Das &quot;Counter Entropy House&quot; ist ein 
eingeschossiges und klar gegliedertes Gebäude für zwei Personen. Um die 
durch den Wettbewerb vorgegebene, geringe zur Verfügung stehende 
Grundfläche optimal zu nutzen, wird ein fließender Übergang zwischen 
Innen und Außen generiert. Dabei liegt der Hauptaugenmerk nicht nur in 
der optischen Vergrößerung des Wohnraums, sondern vor allem in der 
tatsächlichen Erweiterung der privaten Wohnfläche.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Das Gebäude kann in drei vertikale Zonen der Privatheit unterteilt 
werden, welche entweder erhöht und nicht überdacht, erhöht und überdacht
 oder erhöht, überdacht und thermisch beziehungsweise visuell geschützt 
sind. Die drei horizontalen Zonen – das massive Podest, der offene 
Wohnraum, sowie das weit auskragende Dach – bestimmen maßgeblich den 
Grad der Privatheit der vertikalen Zonen. Die erste horizontale Zone – 
die Plattform – bildet die erste Stufe. Sie hebt das Gebäude von der 
Umgebung ab und grenzt ihn dabei zum öffentlichen Raum ab. Die zweite 
horizontale Zone – das Dach– schafft die zweite Stufe der Privatheit, in
 dem der Raum durch die Überdachung nun von zwei Seiten klare 
Abgrenzungen erhält. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Team Brasil &lt;a href=&quot;http://ekobrasil.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;EKÓ HOUSE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Team Brasil participa en la competición con una casa, la Ekó House, 
inspirada en los patrones de diseño de la cultura nativa de India y 
Brasil, la tradición de los nativos tupí-guaraní, apostando por una 
forma de habitar brasileña que retrata el mestizaje cultural y la 
adaptabilidad de su gente a las adversidades en los diferentes tipos de 
climas de Brasil.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ekó House combina elementos de alta y baja tecnología, fusionando 
tradición e innovación para crear una casa que se relaciona con la 
naturaleza y la cultura local, manteniendo los estándares de confort y 
eficiencia energética.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La Casa de Ekó se basa en las terrazas de Brasil, que regulan la luz, el
 calor, la ventilación, la intimidad y la integración con el entorno. 
También actúan como una importante capa que protege los intercambios de 
la vivienda con el medio ambiente, al tiempo que integran el interior 
con el exterior&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Ekó House is erected with modules made of wooden beams and 
pillars, oriented strand board (OSB) panels and pre-stressed steel 
cables that connect the modules and allow large spans with small beams. 
It all starts with the floor, where the wood panels are set one by one, 
until the top module is finally laid down. The plates fit into slots, 
which makes positioning more precise, and then fixing is done with 
screws. There’s also a flexible footing system that makes it adaptable 
to different types of terrain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Team Brasil has embraced a tradition-meets-high-tech ethos. On one of
 hand they want the house to facilitate socializing and revive the 
Brazilian tradition of gathering in the kitchen, a hub of family 
interaction. For that purpose, the internal spaces feature flexible 
furnishing and dynamic layout configurations. On the other hand, the 
team has also envisaged an automated home with a small meteorological 
station on the outside and an internal monitoring device to control 
temperature and humidity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Team Rhône-Alpes (Francia) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.solardecathlon.fr/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CANOPEA &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Francia participa en Solar Decathlon Europe 2012
 con su propuesta de vivienda solar `Canopea´, que pretende resolver el 
problema de la falta de espacio en las ciudades europeas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Con la 
masificación de las ciudades, muchas personas se alejan de los entornos 
urbanos para buscar la tranquilidad del medio rural. El equipo de la 
Escuela Nacional de Arquitectura de &lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenoble&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Grenoble&lt;/a&gt; aborda este problema con su
 sistema de nanotorres, un conjunto de unidades individuales agrupables que ofrece las ventajas de una vivienda unifamiliar, sin renunciar a la disponibilidad de servicios urbanos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las
 unidades individuales se superponen en 8 a 10 alturas, a las que se 
accede por pasarelas exteriores. De esta manera, ofrecen la 
independencia de una casa a la vez que permiten compartir atractivos espacios comunes, jardines verticales y servicios públicos locales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La Team Rhône-Alpes
 développe CANOPEA®: un projet d’habitat écologique innovant, en lice 
pour la compétition internationale Solar Decathlon Europe 2012.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
 Le projet de la Team Rhône-Alpes propose un collectif de petits 
immeubles, appelés « Home-towers », qui s’inscrit dans un quartier. Cet 
écosystème, inspiré de la canopée – étage supérieur de la forêt captant 
95% de l’énergie solaire et 30% des précipitations – présente quatre 
caractéristiques qui font écho aux enjeux du milieu rhônalpin et plus 
largement aux métropoles :
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
  Un confort individuel recréé dans un collectif : chaque immeuble, 
composé au maximum de 10 étages pour une densité maîtrisée, est présenté
 comme une imbrication d’espaces individuels, où un étage correspond à 
un appartement.
 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
  Une ouverture sur la nature : chaque appartement, ayant une vue à 360°
 permettra aux habitants de se sentir plus proche de l’environnement.
 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
  Une mutualisation des ressources et des services pour un respect de 
l’environnement : chaque immeuble produira de l’énergie solaire, grâce à
 des capteurs photovoltaïques intégrés sur son toit, et verra son 
rez-de-chaussée ainsi que son dernier étage accueillir des services 
communs (magasins, crèches, bornes de recharge pour voitures 
électriques, cuisine d’extérieur, jeux pour enfants…). Tous les 
immeubles du collectif mutualiseront ces ressources, en vue d’une plus 
grande autonomie.
 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
  Un collectif intégré dans l’espace urbain : une connexion aux réseaux 
locaux de transport sera établie (tramways, vélos, bus…), pour intégrer 
cet écosystème dans l’espace urbain préexistant.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.solardecathlon.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/vue-eclatee.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;411&quot; src=&quot;http://www.solardecathlon.fr/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/vue-eclatee.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Aquitaine
Bordeaux Campus, &lt;a href=&quot;http://sumbiosi.com/sumbiosi/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;SUMBIOSI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Simbiosis
 entre el hombre y el medio ambiente, tiene como objetivo ser una 
vivienda sostenible, que se puede modular según las necesidades de cada 
uno. El rendimiento energético se adquiere por la asociación de 
principios bioclimáticos: gran aislamiento, materiales ecológicos, la 
ventilación natural, protección solar… y sistemas de ingeniería: los 
materiales de cambio de fase, los paneles solares o concentradores.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;SUMBIOSI
 propone antes que todo un nuevo tipo de hábitat solar donde la 
comodidad de los habitantes es la primera de las preocupaciones pero 
minimizando también el impacto de estos sobre el medio ambiente. 
SUMBIOSI vive en relación constante con todo lo que la rodea para 
ofrecer una interacción fuerte entre el medio ambiente y el hábitat y 
entre el hábitat y el habitante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.viviendasaludable.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Sumbiosi.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;294&quot; src=&quot;http://www.viviendasaludable.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Sumbiosi.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Avec une architecture bioclimatique, l’utilisation de
 matériaux de construction naturels liés aux ressources locales (pin 
maritime des Landes), et enfin le développement de technologies pointues
 et la mise en place d’une domotique élaborée et interactive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la Team ABC poursuit un objectif ambitieux : réaliser un prototype qui devienne un véritable modèle d’habitat du futur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dans ce modèle, Architecture bioclimatique, Technologies et Homme forme la pierre angulaire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ces 3  éléments ont été placés sur un même pied d’égalité, interagissant
 en totale osmose et non plus de manière indépendante comme c’est encore
 le cas dans beaucoups de projets de construction d’habitat individuels 
ou collectifs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://kioskocu.com/revista/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/francia.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;268&quot; src=&quot;http://kioskocu.com/revista/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/francia.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt; &lt;b&gt;Tongji Team (China) &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://solardecathlon2012.tongji.edu.cn/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Para Eco-House&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
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Eco-House” se creó a partir de la combinación del diseño paramétrico y la
sostenibilidad. La vivienda combina sistemas activos y pasivos para maximizar
la eficiencia energética.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El diseño
paramétrico es la abstracción de una idea o concepto, relacionado con los
procesos geométricos y matemáticos, que nos permiten manipular con mayor
precisión nuestro diseño para llegar a resultados óptimos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Esta
vivienda se basa en el concepto de construcción sostenible altamente adaptativo
a las diferentes necesidades y a los distintos ambientes. Combina un espacio
cómodo y poético que puede interactuar con el espacio al aire libre y con el
paisaje. El material de construcción por excelencia es el bambú, utilizado en
la fachada como en los muebles y el revestimiento. El bambú es llamado el acero
vegetal, por su gran resistencia, durabilidad y fácil manejo. Es de crecimiento
muy rápido y en todo tipo de climas. Además de sus propiedades físicas es un
material sostenible, que absorbe monóxido de carbono y genera oxígeno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://vimeo.com/47928257&quot;&gt;SOLAR HOUSES/ TJU - China&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;http://vimeo.com/sdeurope&quot;&gt;SD Europe&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href=&quot;http://vimeo.com/&quot;&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;On the afternoon of August 31, the 2012 European Solar Decathlon team of
 Tongji University entered the competition venue after completing a 
series of registration procedures, and officially started to build the 
Para Eco-House in Madrid, Spain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;It is learned that the entire period of competition from house building 
to open visit and appraisal is nearly one month. The Para Eco-House will
 compete with other solar residential buildings from other 19 
universities all around the world.There are 10 judge indicators such as 
architectural design, engineering and construction, solar energy system,
 power energy balance, comfort, the prospects of industrialization, 
innovation, sustainability, and etc. The contest judges will grade the 
participating solar buildings according to the 10 indicators, and the 
champion team will be the one who gets the highest total score.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;The “Para Eco-House” combines both parametric and ecological strategies 
into the logic of the architectural language used in the house design. 
Both ‘Passive’ and ‘Active’ energy systems are utilized in this project.
 Going beyond the functional and environmental requirements, the team 
creates a paradigm for a low carbon future.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://opcionbio.es/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/PARA-ECO-HOUSE.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://opcionbio.es/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/PARA-ECO-HOUSE.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;post-listing-title&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://magazine.greenplanner.it/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Tongji-Universitys-Para-Eco-House3.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;464&quot; src=&quot;http://magazine.greenplanner.it/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Tongji-Universitys-Para-Eco-House3.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medinitaly.eu/en/home_&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Med in Italy&lt;/a&gt;: Università Degli Studi di Roma Tre y la SAPIENZA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Basada en la tradición del
sur del Mediterráneo y diseñada para encajar en el clima, esta vivienda está
formada por dos elementos armónicos, uno interior y otro exterior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En el primero, llamado “caja
núcleo”, se encuentra la cocina, el cuarto de baño y los espacios técnicos. En
el exterior, la envolvente fotovoltaica da sombra a la superficie de la
cubierta y a la fachada este, a la vez que suministra electricidad y recoge agua.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;la vivienda solar &quot;Med
in Italy&quot; es la propuesta que Team Rome, el equipo que representa a las
Universidades de Roma Tres y La Sapienza (Italia), llevará a la competición
Solar Decathlon Europe 2012.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La vivienda está formada por
dos elementos, uno interior y otro exterior. En el primero, llamado `caja
núcleo´, se encuentra la cocina, el cuarto de baño y los espacios técnicos. En
el exterior, la envolvente fotovoltaica da sombra a la superficie de la
cubierta y a la fachada este, a la vez que suministra electricidad y recoge
agua. Se presta especial atención al espacio intermedio, que actúa como zona de
separación, en la que se llevan a cabo las principales actividades de la vida
cotidiana del hogar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://omotenashi-house.jp/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Omotenashi House&lt;/a&gt; - Chiba University (Japón)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;La Omotenashi House armoniza las tradiciones japonesas con las 
tecnologías más modernas. Omotenashi significa utilizar materiales y 
acciones con el fin de despertar un sentimiento de consideración hacia 
aquellos con los que nos encontramos. Define la identidad de la cultura 
japonesa, sus valores y su ética. Se puede ver tanto en las costumbres 
como en las prácticas, al igual que en las formas y configuraciones 
arquitectónicas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;long-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; title=&quot;Omotenashi House - Chiba University Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 - ソーラー・デカスロン&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Bajo el lema. “sol, salud y sostenibilidad” buscan la armonía entre 
la naturaleza y las personas estableciéndose zonas en la casa para el 
contacto con la naturaleza como es el invernadero o los espacios para el
 cultivo de arroz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;spacer_&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;



&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Usa, además, un sistema de recubrimiento con paneles fotovoltaicos en
 el techo para&amp;nbsp; obtener la energía solar y en el interior de la vivienda
 se han incorporado plantas con el fin de lograr un filtrado de aire 
natural. La casa incorpora un “Engawa” o “Espacio de encuentro”, que une los espacios interiores con los exteriores, un elemento presente en las viviendas japonesas desde la Antigüedad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The simple but elegant
design of the exterior is mirrored inside, providing a comfortable and airy
living area. The upgraded &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a data-ls-seen=&quot;1&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatami&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;tatami
mats&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(seen
above) double as seating and bedding if required. As mentioned in our &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;preview
article&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;these
pieces can aid in cooling the interior without relying on expensive air
conditioning. There is plenty of natural light, but the ventilation through the
roof allied with the green curtain surrounding the inner hub mean that the
living area maintains a constant, comfortable temperature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Returning to outside of the
building, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a data-ls-seen=&quot;1&quot; href=&quot;http://inhabitat.com/tag/solar-hot-water/&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;solar hot water
heating system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; is
neatly positioned at the front of the house. The house is oriented in a
southerly direction and the water slowly runs through a coiled pipe that is
naturally heated by the sun. &lt;/span&gt;Foregoing the traditional lawn, the
designers have put a paddy field in place so that residents are provided with
up to half a years supply of rice. Moreover, the paddy field itself acts as a
natural water filter for the grey water recycling system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;No other house in the competition has considered their residents
requirements to quite this degree, and in our opinion the paddy field replacing the lawn is an idea that makes a lot
of sense.&amp;nbsp;The Omotenashi House is also surrounded by greenery with a wide
array of native plants. Obviously, the choice of plants would be up to you, but
they function as both an aesthetic and practical addition to the building.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.viviendasaludable.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/the-Omotenashi-House.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;293&quot; src=&quot;http://www.viviendasaludable.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/the-Omotenashi-House.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Casa: &lt;a href=&quot;http://prispa.org/?lang=es&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;PRISPA&lt;/a&gt; (Rumania)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Prispa Team es un equipo formado por la Universitatea de Arhitectura si 
Urbanism “Ion Mincu”, Universitatea Tehnica de Constructii Bucuresti y 
la Universitatea Politehnica Bucuresti. Prispa es la primera casa 
diseñada por estos estudiantes rumanos, clasificada para participar en 
la prestigiosa competición Solar Decathlon Europe 2012.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Prispa (o porche en castellano)&amp;nbsp;marca una transición gradual entre una casa y su entorno, La estructura está inspirada en el sistema de construcción tradicional, 
que se ha ido desarrollando y mejorando durante muchos años por los 
artesanos rumanos. Se utilizan materiales tradicionales como madera, 
barro, fibras naturales, caña, aprovechando sus propiedades naturales. 
El enfoque es tener todo oculto, eficiente y de bajo mantenimiento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Consta de módulos prefabricados que permiten modificar la extensión de 
la casa según las necesidades de sus habitantes. Su función principal es
 la protección del interior del efecto invernadero durante el verano y 
favorecer la entrada de luz solar en el invierno. Así, un núcleo interno contiene la vivienda, a la que se superpone una capa exterior de madera oscura que permite un mejor aislamiento térmico.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.casasemmovimento.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Cem&#39; Casas em movimiento&lt;/a&gt; (Portugal)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Este 
proyecto soluciona totalmente y permanentemente la recuperación de la 
energía solar, como su fuente principal de iluminación, calor y del 
cambio permanente de espacios de la vivienda. Es una absoluta respuesta 
innovadora a la rutina cotidiana de nuestro siglo. Desarrollando 
diversos tipos, el concepto de cem se complementa con una variedad de 
formas y espacios que interactúan con quienes habitan y utilizan la 
vivienda, maximizando todas las capacidades que proporciona el lugar y 
tiempo para la práctica de la Arquitectura. Por lo tanto, cumple como 
nunca antes con el hábitat de su usuario, no sólo debido a que el 
espacio siempre se está adaptando a las demandas de aquellos de quienes 
la habitan, ya que esto sucede en un riguroso balance ecológico. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La
 vivienda interactúa con sus alrededores y con las variaciones de 
iluminación durante el día, recreando cada vez un nuevo espacio interior
 y exterior que se adapta cotidianamente, modificará su apariencia 
durante el día, dibujará la trayectoria del Sol y a partir del cual 
obtiene su energía, para siempre. El proyecto cem nació de la necesidad 
de encontrar soluciones de vivienda para revertir el estado actual de la
 dependencia energética&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.astonyshine.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Astonyshine&lt;/a&gt; (Francia-Italia) &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Se trata de una iniciativa común de cuatro centros universitarios en dos
 países europeos: la École des Ponts ParisTech de Paris y la ENSA 
Paris-Malaquais, ambas francesas; y las Universidades de Ferrara y 
Politécnica de Bari, en Italia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Astonyshine utiliza piedra tallada en la construcción 
para dar a la vivienda una apariencia estética que combina lo clásico 
con lo moderno, y gracias a las nuevas tecnologías permite el 
aislamiento y la eficiencia energética. Para la obtención de energía, el
 proyecto combina la solar térmica con la &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.muyinteresante.es/tag/solar%20fotovoltaica&quot; title=&quot;solar fotovoltaica&quot;&gt;solar fotovoltaica&lt;/a&gt;, de esta forma se responden a las necesidades de la casa con mayor efectividad. Además, las &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.muyinteresante.es/tag/tecnolog%C3%ADas%20inteligentes&quot; title=&quot;tecnologías inteligentes&quot;&gt;tecnologías inteligentes&lt;/a&gt; permitirán controlar en todo momento la ventilación y la temperatura en el interior de la vivienda.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El espacio proyectado es simple y transformable, permitiendo múltiples 
usos. La planta de la casa es cuadrada, dividiéndose en dos partes: un 
patio ocupa la parte sur, mientras que las estancias se concentran al 
norte, donde se distribuyen en dos alturas.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.viviendasaludable.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Astonyshine.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;294&quot; src=&quot;http://www.viviendasaludable.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Astonyshine.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.odooproject.com/en/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Odoproject&lt;/a&gt; (Hungría)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;En esta casa con forma icónica, se ha redefinido la 
tradicional conexión de casa-patio de Hungría de acuerdo con los 
estándares del siglo XXI. Durante el invierno se aprovecha la&amp;nbsp;energía 
solar&amp;nbsp;a través de la fachada sur. Y durante el verano, cuando la 
posición del sol es más alta, son los paneles integrados en el techo los
 que recogen la energía.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;spacer_&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sus oscuros acabados en las fachadas externas 
esconden un interior muy iluminado a modo de pabellón. La cubierta está 
forrada con células&amp;nbsp;fotovoltaicas monocristalinas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;spacer_&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Además, la vivienda dispone de un sistema de sombreado móvil para evitar que la insolación sea demasiado alta y un patio abierto multiusos donde las unidades funcionales y las paredes exteriores pueden encontrarse también en el interior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Techincal University of Denmark, &lt;a href=&quot;http://solardecathlon.dk/wordpress/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Team DTU&lt;/a&gt;, FOLD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Team DTU is participating in the international competition Solar 
Decathlon Europe 2012 with its project named FOLD. This is a plus-energy
 house, which means that it produces solar energy both for itself and 
for the society. FOLD is an innovative solution that brings together 
energy efficiency, solar energy use and enhanced living comfort. It was 
designed by the students at DTU with the support from the professors and
 faculty supervisors, sponsors and other partners.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;FOLD believes in both inspiring 
architecture and high energy performance – and it believes that these to
 primary visions are not contradictory. Actually the architectural 
narrative can be translated directly into the method applied to obtain 
the optimal energy balance of the house: The REDUCE – OPTIMIZE – PRODUCE
 triangle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The triangle is a three-step method to 
reduce the energy consumption of a house. The method was developed 
within the frame of a ph.d. programme, which was finalized in the spring
 of 2012. The programme was a joint venture between The Technical 
University of Denmark (DTU) and Henning Larsen Architects in Copenhagen,
 Denmark. The method describes the three steps necessary to create low 
energy consumption buildings – or energy-plus houses as FOLD is. It is 
developed with Integrated Energy Design (IED) as its starting point.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/feeds/4533485103570226227/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/09/solar-decathlon-europe-2012.html#comment-form' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/4533485103570226227'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5528344673923520566/posts/default/4533485103570226227'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sosteniblesparaelfuturo.blogspot.com/2012/09/solar-decathlon-europe-2012.html' title='Solar Decathlon Europe 2012'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02381871224076494569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAsACQj4_8qPWace7Ln-RhyphenhyphenEsVkBHyaW36Q-aIo1pS9gPQlYl1KOtG0fxfmrFiFbJarg91JJlqts6bxG0DrEqw27ZLGJAJnxLnqbLAj1K2LtgtNlGX4GM8J1sRjYzxGsNMmp_mIjN3xhIC/s72-c/solar+decathlon+europe.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5528344673923520566.post-7330351735090934571</id><published>2012-09-25T14:23:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-10-06T14:41:58.912-07:00</updated><title type='text'>2012: Año internacional de la Energía sostenible para todos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El 2012 Seguramente pasara a la historia, no tan solo por la cantidad
de hechos que han sucedido este año, sin duda uno de los
acontecimientos&amp;nbsp;siempre&amp;nbsp;silencioso pero notables es el de que este año
celebremos el uso de las&amp;nbsp;Energías&amp;nbsp;sostenibles para todos,&amp;nbsp;energías&amp;nbsp;renovables
y limpias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Las&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Naciones Unidas&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;ha designado
este 2012 como&amp;nbsp;“Año Internacional de la Energía Sostenible para Todos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: 14.7pt; margin: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Este
año ofrece una valiosa oportunidad para profundizar la toma de conciencia sobre
la importancia de incrementar el acceso sostenible a la energía, la eficiencia
energética y la energía renovable en el ámbito local, nacional, regional e
internacional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Los servicios energéticos tienen un
profundo efecto en la productividad, la salud, la educación, el cambio
climático, la seguridad alimentaria e hídrica y los servicios de comunicación.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt; La falta de acceso a la energía no
contaminante, asequible y fiable obstaculiza el desarrollo social y económico y
constituye un obstáculo importante para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo
del Milenio.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; margin: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sin embargo, 1.400 millones de personas
carecen de acceso a la energía moderna, en tanto 3.000 millones dependen de la
«biomasa tradicional» y carbón como las principales fuentes de energía.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La &lt;b&gt;energía sostenible&lt;/b&gt; pede definirse como aquella que no compromete el
desarrollo de las generaciones futuras desde el punto de vista social,
ambiental y económico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt; Proviene de tecnologías
limpias o poco contaminantes y además de ser un pilar indiscutible del
desarrollo sostenible juega un papel importantísimo en la lucha contra la
pobreza y en la igualdad en el acceso al recurso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Las energías renovables,
provenientes de fuentes inagotables, no contaminan en el proceso de generación,
son la opción más eficiente económicamente a largo plazo y una solución para
las comunidades más desfavorecidos donde no llega la red y el acceso de fuentes
de producción energética más centralizadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;las energías renovables suponían el 12,9% del
consumo mundial de energía en 2008. Entre los objetivos marcados para 2030 está
el incremento del peso de las energías renovables en el consumo mundial de
energía hasta alcanzar el 30%.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ingurumena.ejgv.euskadi.net/r49-4155/es/contenidos/boletin_revista/ihitza38/es_ihitza/images/2012.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ingurumena.ejgv.euskadi.net/r49-4155/es/contenidos/boletin_revista/ihitza38/es_ihitza/images/2012.gif&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Existe una relación inextricable entre la energía y el desarrollo
 sostenible que pone de relieve la importancia de una energía moderna, 
menos contaminante y eficiente para erradicar la pobreza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;El acceso a servicios energéticos modernos y asequibles en los 
países en desarrollo es esencial para lograr los objetivos de desarrollo
 convenidos internacionalmente, incluidos los &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.un.org/es/spanish/millenniumgoals/&quot;&gt;Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio&lt;/a&gt;,
 y el desarrollo sostenible, lo cual ayudaría a reducir la pobreza y a 
mejorar las condiciones y el nivel de vida de la mayoría de la población
 mundial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;La importancia de la tecnología&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Es primordial invertir en el acceso a opciones de tecnología 
energética menos contaminante y en un futuro para todos con capacidad 
para adaptarse al cambio climático, así como la necesidad de mejorar el 
acceso a recursos y servicios energéticos para el desarrollo sostenible 
que sean fiables, de costo razonable, económicamente viables, 
socialmente aceptables y ecológicamente racionales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Asimismo, para utilizar en mayor medida las fuentes de energía 
nuevas y renovables disponibles y ampliar la prospección de fuentes 
adicionales menos contaminantes hay que transferir y difundir 
tecnologías a escala mundial, en particular mediante la cooperación 
Norte-Sur y Sur-Sur y la cooperación triangular. Es necesario adoptar 
más medidas para estimular la aportación de recursos financieros 
suficientes, de buena calidad y que lleguen en el momento oportuno, así 
como la transferencia de tecnología avanzada a los países en desarrollo y
 los países de economía en transición para facilitar un uso más amplio y
 eficiente de las fuentes de energía, en particular las fuentes de 
energía nuevas y renovables.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Las políticas energéticas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Es fundamental que las políticas y estrategias nacionales 
combinen, cuando corresponda, un mayor uso de fuentes de energía nuevas y
 renovables y de tecnologías de baja emisión de gases de &lt;b&gt;efecto 
invernadero&lt;/b&gt;, incluidas tecnologías menos contaminantes para el 
aprovechamiento de los combustibles fósiles, y el uso sostenible de 
servicios energéticos tradicionales, y de aumentar la capacidad nacional
 para atender a la creciente demanda de energía, cuando corresponda, con
 el apoyo de la cooperación internacional en este ámbito y la promoción 
del desarrollo y la difusión de tecnologías energéticas adecuadas, 
asequibles y sostenibles, así como la transferencia de esas tecnologías 
en condiciones mutuamente convenidas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Con la dirección del Secretario General de la ONU, Ban Ki-moon, 
ONU-Energía, un grupo de coordinación de 20 organismos de las Naciones 
Unidas, preparan una nueva inciativa mundial, Energía Sostenible para 
Todos.
 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Esta iniciativa hará partícipes a los gobiernos, el sector 
privado y asociados de la sociedad civil en todo el mundo para lograr 
tres objetivos importantes para 2030:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Garantizar el acceso universal a servicios energéticos modernos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Reducir la intensidad energética mundial en un 40%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Incrementar el uso de la energía renovable a nivel mundial al 30%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Renewable Energy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Energy from renewable resources—wind, water, the sun, biomass and 
geothermal energy is inexhaustible and clean.&amp;nbsp;Renewable energy currently
 constitutes 15% of the global energy mix.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;The costs of technologies to capture that energy are rapidly falling and
 becoming economically competitive with fossil fuels, while reducing the
 risk of climate change. Investing in renewable energy creates jobs, 
fosters economic growth, and improves energy security for countries that
 lack domestic fossil fuel resources.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Increasing the share of energy from renewable sources can reduce 
greenhouse gas emissions and local pollution; insulate countries from 
fuel price volatility; and improve those countries&#39; balance of payments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Achieving the Secretary-General&#39;s objective of doubling that percentage 
by 2030 requires support from all sectors of society, including 
individuals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Investment in electricity from the wind, sun, waves and biomass grew to 
$187 billion last year, compared with $157 billion for natural gas, oil 
and coal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Some recent scenarios estimate that renewables will contribute more 
to a low-carbon energy supply by 2050 than nuclear power or fossil fuels
 using carbon capture and storage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Hydro, geothermal and bioenergy have long been competitive where 
resources are available, and wind and solar are also economically 
attractive in many locations.If supported by strong enabling policies at
 the public level and robust investment from the private sector, 
renewable energy could supply a much larger share of the world&#39;s energy 
by 2030.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sustainable energy—energy that is 
accessible, cleaner and more efficient—powers opportunity. It grows 
economies. It lights up homes, schools and hospitals. It empowers women 
and local communities. And it paves a path out of poverty to greater 
prosperity for all.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;But nearly one in five people around
 the world do not have access to modern energy services. Twice that 
number, three billion people, rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal 
waste for cooking and heating. In today’s economy, this is inequitable –
 a major barrier to eradicating poverty. The energy future we want is 
one in which everyone has access to modern energy services, our energy 
resources are used more efficiently, and we increasingly invest in 
renewable sources.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;About the Year of Sustainable Energy for All&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;The United Nations General Assembly declared &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;2012 the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All&lt;/a&gt;, recognizing that “…access to modern 
affordable energy services in developing countries is essential for the 
achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including 
the Millennium Development Goals, and sustainable development, which 
would help to reduce poverty and to improve the conditions and standard 
of living for the majority of the world’s population.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The UN General Assembly is 
encouraging Member States and other actors to increase the awareness of 
the importance of addressing energy issues and to promote action at the 
local, national, regional and international levels.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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