Python Django

Value

2023-08-28T18:34:00.000+03:00

Strategy

Strategic Management Journal

California Management Review

Harvard Business Review

Sloan Management Review

Value Creation

there are only two ways to consistently add and create value successfully:

either by becoming the low(est)-price champion (requiring continuous “cost innovation)”

your strategy should aim to continuously offer better value – better than before, and better than competitors.

by focusing on superior customer value (aiming for high price, requiring continuous value innovation)

As a principle it seems that we should be able to align our pricing as much and as closely as possible with the specific value bundle or value proposition we are offering.

Value Capturing

Capturing value means that you should be able to turn your value creation (as realized in a concrete value proposition) into a sustainable business, by means of what we usually call a “business model”

Reference:

Are You Creating or Capturing Value? A dynamic framework for sustainable strategy
Paul Verdin Koen Tackx
January 2015

overlay filesystem and containers

2023-05-10T09:19:00.000+03:00

Containers

A container is a process running on the host system.
This process is started by the container runtime from a container image, and the runtime provides a set of tools to manage the container process.
Namespaces virtualize the container process’s PID, network, root, and users.
Cgroups help set resource usage limits the container process can consume on the host system, and security contexts enforce permissions the container process has on the host system.
A container, as a runtime object, consumes the typical resources any running process would consume on a system: storage for the file system and any saved configuration files, CPU, memory, and networking to serve traffic to/from external clients, and other containers or devices on the system.

docker run container from image and connect it with shell , install necessary networking tools

docker run -d -it ubuntu:22.10 bash

docker run -d -it --privileged ubuntu:22.10 bash -> if you need to write to filesystem run wit privileged

docker ps -> get "container_id" here

docker exec -it "container_id" bash

apt-get update -> update packages

sudo apt install -y cgroup-tools -> install cgroups

lscgroup

apt install iproute2

sudo apt install iputils-ping

sudo apt install -y unionfs-fuse -> install union filesystem

docker container commit 0be65324b69e ubu:01 -> create image from existing container with copying it's ephemeral storage

docker search nginx -> search images from command line

docker stats -> see resource usage for containers

docker network ls
docket network inspect nw_id

docker container diff container_id -> see all changes filesystem of container

docker network create -d bridge --attachable mynet -> create new network with bridge driver

docker network inspect mynet -> see subnet and gateway

docker container run -it --network=none alpine sh -> run container without network

Docker storage drivers for your needs

https://docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/select-storage-driver/

docker system df -> host system storage info

creating virtual ethernet device peers
https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jammy/man4/veth.4.html

nice explanation about overlay filesystem which containers are using

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfENwtNRlD4

Security

Running container processes inherit their permissions from the user who is running the container engine – often as a daemon. As a result, one of the security best practices is to ensure the container engine and runtime are not run with root privileges, but run by regular non-root users.

Podman, in contrast to Docker, does not rely on a daemon, and it supported both rootless and rooted modes since its early days, the reason it was introduced as a more secure containerization tool than the more popular Docker Engine

Docker, or Podman and Buildah, are capable of content trust signature verification to ensure only signed images are run as containers by the runtime.

it is a clear security risk to allow a container process to run in rooted mode giving it full access over host resources.

it can be addressed with capabilities. A complex method indeed, capabilities replace the need for full root access of a container process with a controlled and limited root access that can be managed and set at a very granular level. The benefit of capabilities is that the container process will only receive the needed amount of privileges over the resources of the host that are critical for the container’s operations. All other resources will be accessed as a regular user with unprivileged restricted permissions.

AppArmor,Seccomp can be used to limit usage of host resources

push detached head with git

2023-04-21T00:01:00.003+03:00

if you are in detached HEAD in local development and you want to push changes to remote repo

git push origin HEAD:master

Pyppeteer fix for BrowserError: Browser closed unexpectedly

2023-04-17T01:00:00.004+03:00

if you are having an error related with Pyppeteer

BrowserError: Browser closed unexpectedly is just the error you get when Chrome crashes for whatever reason. It would be nice if pyppeteer printed out the error, but it doesn't.

To track things down, it's helpful to pull up the exact command that pyppeteer runs. You can do that this way:

from pyppeteer.launcher import Launcher
 ' '.join(Launcher().cmd)

run output from command line and find missing libraries and install it.

PostgreSQL database backup with pg_dump by using .pgpass file

2023-03-03T23:39:00.010+03:00

It is better not to use password in commands so for taking backups from postgresql database we can store credentials in special file and give it to command so with this way it can be possible to run commands securely and password will be read from .pgpass file automatically

/usr/bin/pg_dump -F c -h localhost -U yourdbuser yourdbname > /path_$(date '+%d%m%Y_%H%M%S').sql.zip

cat /home/yourOSuser/.pgpass

localhost:5432:yourdbname:yourdbuser:yourdbuserpassword

if order to make it work also do not forget to change connection method

/var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pg_hba.conf file

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only

local all all peer ->>>> change this to md5 to login with user

and restart your postgres database to reflect changes

sudo service postgresql-14.service status

how about restore

PS: this is not regular zip file do not try to unzip this!

create database first

sudo -u postgres psql

postgres=# create database yourdbname;

postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE yourdbname to yourdbuser;

pg_restore -h localhost -U yourdbuser -C -d yourdbname /path_$(date '+%d%m%Y_%H%M%S').sql.zip

Django project and Perfect setup of nginx config for www to nonwww and http to https and ip to domain redirects

2023-03-01T21:21:00.004+03:00

Here I am sharing good setup of nginx config for following requirements.

before following config you need to create 2 A record for both domain to ip and www.domain to ip in your dns provider.

also for django settings file you can add domain and www.domain to ALLOWED_HOSTS

http to https
www to nonwww
https://ip to domain
http://ip to domain

redirects

place following config to your sites-enabled config file

server {

listen 80;

listen 443 ssl;

server_name yourserverip;

ssl_certificate /home/yourdomain.com.crt;

ssl_certificate_key /home/yourdomain.com.key;

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";

return 301 https://yourdomain.com$request_uri;

}

server {

listen 443 ssl;

server_name yourdomain.com;

ssl_certificate /home/yourdomain.com.crt;

ssl_certificate_key /home/yourdomain.com.key;

ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1;

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

ssl_ciphers "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+RC4 EECDH EDH+aRSA RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS +RC4 RC4";

location /static/ {

alias /home/projectpath/staticfiles/;

}

location /media/ {

alias /home/projectpath/media/;

}

location / {

proxy_set_header Host $http_host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

proxy_pass http://unix:/home/projectpath/gunicorn.sock;

}

server {

listen 443 ssl;

server_name www.yourdomain.com;

return 301 https://yourdomain.com$request_uri;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name yourdomain.com;

return 301 https://yourdomain.com$request_uri;

}

Raspberry Pi wifi reconnect every 5 min

2022-12-18T17:09:00.005+03:00

We enter this crontab entry and try to reconnect wifi every 5 mins

*/5 * * * * /home/sertac/wifi_reconnect.sh

below you can find script content

sertac@pz:~ $ cat /home/sertac/wifi_reconnect.sh

ping -c2 8.8.8.8 > /dev/null
if [ $? != 0 ]; then
    ifdown --force wlan0
    sleep 5
    ifup wlan0
    sleep 10
    systemctl restart ssh
fi

Django Session Cleanup

2022-05-20T19:10:00.005+03:00

django sessions hold some space in database these are data of non logged out users and there is no auto cleaning mechanism for these data, so you should be aware of that you need to clean up sessions from database periodically with


  python manage.py clearsessions

command, it's better to set it up on crontab daily basis. you can find respective documentation below
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/sessions/#clearing-the-session-store

Raspberry PI USB mount as external drive

2020-09-27T21:07:00.008+03:00

I choose NTFS USB Drive as an external storage for my raspberry pi

for this you need to install ntfs-3g library if it's not installed

sudo apt install ntfs-3g

to auto mount usb at boot stage you can add entry to fstab

it's always to good to verify your entry before reboot


  sudo findmnt --verify --verbose

run command to get info about your usb


  
  lsblk -fp

and save UUID for to use in fstab

and add following line to your fstab

replace XXX with UUID that you saved earlier, and uid is user, and group id that directory will be mounted with ownership of this user and group that you can get from /etc/passwd


  
  
  UUID=XXX /mnt/FOLDERNAME ntfs defaults,auto,uid=1001,gid=1001,rw,nofail,umask=000 0 0

django tagging

2020-03-10T11:25:00.000+03:00

django update string value with using existing value

2020-03-09T12:16:00.000+03:00

it's possible to use F queries to make updates with using existing values in database, it's quite easy if value is number but
when you want to do updates on string values things are getting complicated a bit

Here below I am replacing empty char coming after comma in location field such as

London, UK

We need to use django's special functions for this purpose F Value and Func



from django.db.models import F, Func, Value

Developer.objects.filter(location__contains=", ").update(location=Func(

        F('location'),

        Value(', '), Value(','),

        function='replace',

    ))

Result will be

London,UK

which is our intended solution

Raspberry pi OTG cluster networking raspberry pi3 and raspberry pi zero

2019-12-18T15:04:00.003+03:00

Let's assume you have two raspi zero and one raspi3, we want to connect pi zeros to reach internal networking with raspi3 as host and internet over raspi3.

Add this to /boot/cmdline.txt after rootwait
pizero1

modules-load=dwc2,g_ether g_ether.host_addr=00:22:82:ff:ff:01 g_ether.dev_addr=00:22:82:ff:ff:11 quiet

pizero2

modules-load=dwc2,g_ether g_ether.host_addr=00:22:82:ff:ff:02 g_ether.dev_addr=00:22:82:ff:ff:12 quiet

Add this to /boot/config.txt

pizero1 and pizero2

dtoverlay=dwc2

gpu_mem=16

Add this to /etc/dhcpcd.conf 

pizero1

interface usb0

static ip_address=192.168.7.2/24

static routers=192.168.7.1

static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8

pizero2

interface usb0

static ip_address=192.168.7.2/24

static routers=192.168.7.1

static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8

edit /etc/sysctl.conf make ip forward 1 and check if it's ok

sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

make sure ip forward is 1 and add this iptables entries based on your network conn eth0 or wlan0 if you are using wifi

sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward'

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE

for raspi3

add this to /etc/dhcpcd.conf

interface eth1

static ip_address=192.168.7.1/24

static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 

interface eth2

static ip_address=192.168.8.1/24

static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8  

add this to /etc/udev/rules.d/90-pi-network.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:22:82:ff:ff:01", NAME="eth1"

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:22:82:ff:ff:02", NAME="eth2"

now you can connect pizeros from raspi3 with and they can reach internet

ssh 192.168.7.2

ssh 192.168.8.2

now you can try pinging google from pizeros

ping google

[Solved] never ending lxml build raspberry pi 3, usb stick swap

2019-11-24T16:43:00.003+03:00

if you have docker never ending lxml build for raspberry pi, you need to increase swap space. raspberry pi's default 100m is not enough for this. I had to make it with raspi overclock and usb stick 2gb swap space allocation, even with this setup 1gb memory and almost 350m swap usage it takes a lot of time to build lxml, be patient

#result

 Created wheel for websockets: filename=websockets-8.1-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl size=78100 sha256=790eb0ccb81f08ae48e1d1930f2a2e8c2e2e846a01d7fe8bb1cb282cd8e5025f

  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/74/54/40/797b9f77057c12b05b85edbf63465cbe4c24f53d301de1432b

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): started

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): still running...

  Building wheel for lxml (setup.py): finished with status 'done'

  Created wheel for lxml: filename=lxml-4.4.1-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl size=6273585 sha256=df03cf857c0cdcfa1f9833150387f5b8426320094472cf8565f9ef7c421276db

  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/19/96/46/e4e538ebbe7496324a669bb244156a0b7d8796266d8bc1b6ce

  Building wheel for websockets (setup.py): started

  Building wheel for websockets (setup.py): finished with status 'done'

-- solution ---

#create 2gb partition on usb

fdisk /dev/sda1

# make filesystem

sudo mkfs.ext4 -L USBSWAP /dev/sda1

#mount usb to /mnt

root@raspberrypi3:/ cat /etc/fstab 

proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0

PARTUUID=610c3b14-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2

PARTUUID=610c3b14-02  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1

UUID=YOUR_USB_UUID /mnt ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1

#find your usb uuid

blkid -o export /dev/sda1 | grep ^UUID

# edit these values to make swap 2gb

sudo vi /etc/dphys-swapfile

CONF_SWAPFILE=/mnt/swap

CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048

#setup and enable swap

sudo dphys-swapfile setup
sudo dphys-swapfile swapon

How to train spamassassin to stop SPAM emails

2019-09-12T16:29:00.000+03:00

train spam assasian with commands to learn from existing emails

DOMAINPART will be your domain name
LOCALPART will be your username

LOCALPART@DOMAINPART

root@ip-10-0-0-12:/var/log# sa-learn -p /home/USER/.spamassassin/user_prefs --ham /home/vmail/DOMAINPART/LOCALPART/.INBOX.Sent\ Messages/{cur,new}

Learned tokens from 333 message(s) (333 message(s) examined)

root@ip-10-0-0-12:/var/log# sa-learn -p /home/USER/.spamassassin/user_prefs --spam /home/vmail/DOMAINPART/LOCALPART/.Junk/{cur,new}

Learned tokens from 1 message(s) (20 message(s) examined)

root@ip-10-0-0-12:/var/log# sa-learn -p /home/USER/.spamassassin/user_prefs --spam /home/vmail/DOMAINPART/LOCALPART/.Trash/{cur,new}

get and download new rules into spamassassin

run following command from command line

sa-update

iCloud missing original date of videos and photos

2019-08-12T15:51:00.001+03:00

I downloaded some videos from iCloud since it is not showing original date of videos in finder
so I try to find solution to reveal original dates of videos
I found exiftool https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/ which is working perfectly in mac
I am planning to write a small script to add this information to the filenames or replace visible date in finder with this create and modify date

coming soon...

Media Create Date : 2017:06:04 17:03:37
Media Modify Date : 2017:06:04 17:04:33

macbook-air:jhead-3.03 sertac$ exiftool /Users/sertac/Downloads/IMG_7267.MOV
ExifTool Version Number : 11.61
File Name : IMG_7267.MOV
Directory : /Users/sertac/Downloads
File Size : 103 MB
File Modification Date/Time : 2019:08:12 15:24:04+03:00
File Access Date/Time : 2019:08:12 15:44:00+03:00
File Inode Change Date/Time : 2019:08:12 15:24:17+03:00
File Permissions : rw-r--r--
File Type : MOV
File Type Extension : mov
MIME Type : video/quicktime
Major Brand : Apple QuickTime (.MOV/QT)
Minor Version : 0.0.0
Compatible Brands : qt
Movie Data Size : 108253575
Movie Data Offset : 36
Movie Header Version : 0
Create Date : 2017:06:04 17:03:37
Modify Date : 2017:06:04 17:04:33
Time Scale : 600
Duration : 0:00:56
Preferred Rate : 1
Preferred Volume : 100.00%
Preview Time : 0 s
Preview Duration : 0 s
Poster Time : 0 s
Selection Time : 0 s
Selection Duration : 0 s
Current Time : 0 s
Next Track ID : 5
Track Header Version : 0
Track Create Date : 2017:06:04 17:03:37
Track Modify Date : 2017:06:04 17:04:33
Track ID : 1
Track Duration : 0:00:56
Track Layer : 0
Track Volume : 100.00%
Image Width : 1920
Image Height : 1080
Clean Aperture Dimensions : 1920x1080
Production Aperture Dimensions : 1920x1080
Encoded Pixels Dimensions : 1920x1080
Graphics Mode : ditherCopy
Op Color : 32768 32768 32768
Compressor ID : avc1
Source Image Width : 1920
Source Image Height : 1080
X Resolution : 72
Y Resolution : 72
Compressor Name : H.264
Bit Depth : 24
Video Frame Rate : 30.001
Balance : 0
Audio Format : mp4a
Audio Bits Per Sample : 16
Audio Sample Rate : 44100
Layout Flags : Mono
Audio Channels : 1
Purchase File Format : mp4a
Warning : [minor] The ExtractEmbedded option may find more tags in the movie data
Matrix Structure : 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Content Describes : Track 1
Media Header Version : 0
Media Create Date : 2017:06:04 17:03:37
Media Modify Date : 2017:06:04 17:04:33
Media Time Scale : 600
Media Duration : 0:00:56
Media Language Code : und
Gen Media Version : 0
Gen Flags : 0 0 0
Gen Graphics Mode : ditherCopy
Gen Op Color : 32768 32768 32768
Gen Balance : 0
Handler Class : Data Handler
Handler Vendor ID : Apple
Handler Description : Core Media Data Handler
Meta Format : mebx
Handler Type : Metadata Tags
Make : Apple
Model : iPhone 7 Plus
Software : 10.3.2
Creation Date : 2017:06:04 20:03:37+03:00
Image Size : 1920x1080
Megapixels : 2.1
Avg Bitrate : 15.5 Mbps
Rotation :

Using virtualenv with python3

2019-07-06T15:27:00.000+03:00

pip3 install --upgrade virtualenv

virtualenv nameofyourvirtenv

bash rasbian boring locale warning

2018-01-27T01:59:00.003+03:00

to get rid of this warning

run those as root

echo "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/environment
echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

django haystack index update only new items

2018-01-24T13:57:00.002+03:00

When solr index becomes bigger, update_index is taking some time and in this period search is returning empty resultset to prevent this basicly you only need to include to the index latest modified records in database.

following changes in your model and index structure help you to achieve fast index updates

models.py

class MyModel(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User)
    modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) # add this field to your model

search_indexes.py

class MyModelIndex(SearchIndex):
    text = CharField(document=True, use_template=True)
    user = CharField(model_attr='user')

    # add this function to your search_indexes.py
    def get_updated_field(self):
        return "modified"

./manage.py update_index --age=110

indexing will run only items updated in the last 110 hours.

setting raspberry pi time from gps

2017-05-26T00:34:00.001+03:00

I find this project works perfectly for this purpose

https://code.google.com/archive/p/gpstime/

Raspberry pi zero and pi3 gstreamer streaming without latency

2017-02-10T09:41:00.002+03:00

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ more stream_working.sh 

raspivid -t 0 -w 1280 -h 720 -fps 30 -vf -b 1700000 -o - | tee YOURFILENAME.h264 | gst-launch-1.0 -v fdsrc ! h264parse config-interval=1 ! rtph264pay ! udpsink host = TARGET_IP(here is my macbook) port= 9000

sertac-MacBook-Air:~ sertac$ more get_stream_working.sh 

gst-launch-1.0 udpsrc port=9000 ! application/x-rtp,encoding-name=H264,payload=96 ! rtph264depay ! avdec_h264 ! videoconvert ! autovideosink

here above you can find gstreamer commands to stream live HD video from raspberry pi and save it file at the same time it is working on pi3 almost no latency but pi zero could not be fast enough for this process I saw at least 45 seconds delay

AttributeError: 'Feed' object has no attribute 'contenty_type' (solved)

2016-11-27T22:03:00.002+03:00

https://github.com/django/django/commit/5c125f63f77e169a459c11bab0f639c83fabc6e2

I had this problem when I try to upgrade my system from django 1.8 to 1.10.3

- response = HttpResponse(content_type=feedgen.mime_type)
+ response = HttpResponse(content_type=feedgen.content_type)

    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

  File ..../lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/syndication/views.py", line 43, in __call__

    response = HttpResponse(content_type=feedgen.contenty_type)

AttributeError: 'Feed' object has no attribute 'contenty_type'

mime_type is dead so replace mime_type with content_type in your Feed.py to resolve this issue for django 1.10

Ubuntu listing upgradeable packages

2016-11-21T15:00:00.003+03:00

apt list --upgradable

Fixing nginx pagespeed cache folder write problem

2016-11-21T15:00:00.001+03:00

Fixing nginx pagespeed cache folder write problem

log

2016/11/21 11:55:03 [error] 1765#0: [ngx_pagespeed 1.10.33.6-0] /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache/v3/xxxx.com/https,3A/,2Ffileblabla,.tempT7ZURX:0:opening temp file: No such file or directory

fix

sudo chown -R www-data var/cache/mod_pagespeed

Some HackerRank Python Solutions

2016-09-15T09:28:00.000+03:00

HackerRank ı gerçekten python öğrenim konusunda çok başarılı buldum, yeni öğrenen arkadaşlar kendilerini burada çok iyi geliştirebilirler. satırları int dizilerin dizisi yapmak

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(map(int,line.split()))

output [[5, 3], [10, 2, 5], [7, 1, 0], [9, 9, 9], [1, 23, 12], [6, 5, 9], 

---

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> 
>>> myList = [1,1,2,3,4,5,3,2,3,4,2,1,2,3]
>>> print Counter(myList)
Counter({2: 4, 3: 4, 1: 3, 4: 2, 5: 1})
>>>
>>> print Counter(myList).items()
[(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 2), (5, 1)]
>>> 
>>> print Counter(myList).keys()
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> 
>>> print Counter(myList).values()
[3, 4, 4, 2, 1]

----

[1]]

-----
# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(map(int,line.split()))
    
N,M=s[0][0],s[0][1]
K=s[N+1][0]


d={}
for i in range(1,N+1):
    d[s[i][K]]=s[i]

import collections

od = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(d.items()))
for k, v in od.iteritems(): 
    print " ".join(map(str,v))
                                    


-----
s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(line)
    
N=map(int,s[0].split())[0]
M=map(int,s[0].split())[1]



------
arr = map(int, raw_input().split())
filter((lambda x: x < 0), range(10))

----
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s=line
   
print s[:500]


---------

import operator
import sys

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(line)
    
s1=map(int,s)

print reduce(operator.add,s1)
print reduce(operator.sub,s1)
print reduce(operator.mul,s1)

----
import operator
import sys

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(line)
    
s1=map(int,s)
print s1[0]//s1[1]
print s1[0]*1.0/s1[1]*1.0

----

# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT
N=None
import math
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    N=int(line)

res=map(lambda x:x*x,range(N))

for i in res:
    print i
 
-------

def is_leap(year):
    leap = False
    
    # Write your logic here
    if year%4==0:
        leap=True
    if year%100==0:
        leap=False
    if year%400==0:
        leap=True

        
    return leap
 
-----
 
import sys
print "".join(map(str,range(1,int([line for line in sys.stdin][0])+1)))

----
# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT


import operator
import sys
h=0
s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(line)
    
arr=map(int,s[1].split())
A=set(map(int,s[2].split()))
B=set(map(int,s[3].split()))


for i in arr:
    if i in A:
        h=h+1
    elif i in B:
        h=h-1

print h

----

# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT
s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(map(int,line.split()))

n_shoes=s[0][0]
sizes=s[1]
number_of_customers=s[2][0]

top=0
for i in range(3,number_of_customers+3):
  try:
    if s[i][0] in sizes:
        top+=s[i][1]
        sizes.remove(s[i][0])
  except:
    pass

print top


-----

def fib(n):
    return n if n < 2 else fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(map(int,line.split()))

fibo=[]
for i in range(s[0][0]):
    fibo.append(fib(i))
    
print map(lambda x:x**3,fibo)

------


# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(line.split())
    
res=[]    
for i in range(1,int(s[0][0])+1):
    op=s[i][0]
    if op in ("print","sort","pop","reverse"):
        pass
    elif op in ("append","remove"):
        val=int(s[i][1])
    elif op =="insert":
        indx=int(s[i][1])
        val=int(s[i][2])
    else:
        print op
    
    if op=="insert":
        res.insert(indx,val)
    elif op=="append":
        res.append(val)
    elif op=="print":
        print res
    elif op=="sort":
        res.sort()
    elif op=="reverse":
        res.reverse()
    elif op=="remove":
        res.remove(val)
    elif op=="pop":
        res.pop()

  
----
  # Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT
s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(map(int,line.split()))
    
tnp=s[0][0]
alt=set(s[1])



print sum(alt)*1.0/len(alt)*1.0


--------


# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT
s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(map(int,line.split()))

if len(filter(lambda x:x<0 s="">0:
    print False
elif len(filter(lambda x:x<10 or="" s="" x="">0:
    print True
else:
    print False
     
-----------


# Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT
import string

s=[]
import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
    s.append(line.rstrip('\n'))
    
ALLOWED = frozenset(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_' + '-')
ALLOWED2 = frozenset(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)



def parse(s):
    global u,w,e
    if s.count("@") !=1 or s.count(".")!=1:
        return False
    
    try:
        username=s.split('@')[0]
        websitename=(s.split('@')[1]).split('.')[0]
        extension=s.split('.')[1]
        u,w,e=username,websitename,extension
        
        if not all(map(len,[u,w,e]))>0:
                return False
        return True
    except:
        return False

def check(mystring,x):
    return all(c in x for c in mystring)

def son3(s):
    if len(s)<=3 and len(s)>0:
        return True
    else:
        return False

print sorted(filter(lambda x:parse(x) and check(u,ALLOWED) and check(w,ALLOWED2) and son3(e),s))

Raspberry pi zeroyu komut satırı modda otomatik wifi ye bağlama gizli ssid

2016-02-10T22:13:00.002+02:00

http://zierfischkaefig.de/merkblaetter/raspberry-pi-edimax-ew-7811un-und-ein-verstecktes-wlan/

Bugün sipariş ettiğim raspberry pi zero elime geçti. İnanılmaz küçük bir bilgisayar ilk gördüğümdeki heyecanı şaşkınlığı herhalde hiç unutmayacağım.

Yukardaki makaledeki ayarlar ile raspberry pi zero yu cli modda internete wifi adaptör(edimax kolay ve hızlıca tanınıyor) otomatik internete bağlayabilirsiniz