Silent Aspirants

WERE TO SEE ONLINE WHEN YOU WANT ENTERTAINMENT

2013-06-16T21:48:00.002-07:00

Watch

BoxTV

If you want to watch movies and TV shows, BoxTV has plenty to offer for a monthly subscription of 199. Most of its content is available in HD quality too, and can be streamed as many times as you want. So whether your taste is Scrubs and Community, or Mahabharata and Nukkad, Udaan and Golmaal or Stuart Little and Donnie Brasco - it's all here.

www.boxtv.com

Devour

We have been fans of Devour for a long time now. A team of editors sifts through the large amount of YouTube videos to hand-pick content that's smart, entertaining, funny - or all of the above. Devour is the best place to quickly see that clip everyone's talking about, or the trailer of the next big blockbuster.

devour.com

Viralviralvideo

If you're always the last one to know of videos that are trending, then make haste to Viral Viral Video. This site - categorized by themes such as animals, classics, crazy, funny, music, nerd and spoofs - puts up every conceivable clip that can go viral, or already has. Bookmark right away for the inside dope on what's going to be hot on the interweb.
viralviralvideos.com

The kids should see this

Rion Nakaya, a mother of two, collects the best kid-safe videos across the web and puts them on this page. "There's just so much science, nature, music, technology, art, storytelling and assorted good stuff out there that my kids (and maybe your kids) haven't seen," she says.

thekidshouldseethis.com

Listen

Gaana

This free music-streaming site hosts a huge collection of Indian and international tunes, which you can search, or browse through using categories such as New Releases, Most Popular, Playlists, Artists, Genre, etc. All you need is a good internet connection.
gaana.com

BC Radio

Be the Change Radio

is all about showcasing Indian musicians. Choose a 'radio station' (Heavy Metal, Rock, Regional, Progressive or Electronica) and the site starts playing an endless stream of songs by local artists and bands such as Junkyard Groove, Parikrama, Agnee, Them Clones, Demonic Resurrection and more.

bcradio.in

Music maze

Key in the name of an artist or band you like (anything from Coldplay to Kishore Kumar) and one of their songs will start playing, while also displaying a tree of six similar artists/bands. Click any of the artists to listen to their songs and get a new tree; or let Music Maze automatically choose one and take you on an endless journey of music discovery.

www.musicmaze.fm

This is my jam

This Is My Jam is a musical social network that also lets you connect it to your Twitter and Facebook friends, so you can see what your friends are listening to and show them your favourite tunes. Find others with similar tastes, write what makes a song special to you, and enjoy the great interface.

www.thisismyjam.com

Read

Longform

The internet has seen a resurgence in long form journalism, and here's an entire website dedicated to aggregating the best of these, typically taking pieces that are over 2,000 words long. The site doesn't restrict itself to new articles, but digs through the histories of major publications to find great stories. And yes, it's all free. longform.org

The browser

What are the best articles written in the past few days? Head to The Browser to find out, as its crack team of editors pours through hundreds of stories, from publications around the world, to come up with "must-reads" every day. Each piece includes its word count and a short summary by the editors.

thebrowser.com

East of the web

If you are a fan of short stories, there is perhaps no better site on the internet than East Of The Web. The portal has been around for over 10 years - and although it has expanded into interactive stories and games, it remains the best resource for short stories. You can browse through the latest submissions, check out a random story, and go through the most popular ones. And of course, if there's a writer in you, don't forget to click that 'submissions' button.

www.eastoftheweb.com

Five chapters

This is a unique approach to story-telling , but once you get hooked to it, there is nothing like Five Chapters for your daily dose of fiction. Each week, the site publishes a new short story in five parts - one for each weekday. So far, there have been around 400 stories by 340 authors, spanning a wide range of genres. Unfortunately, the resource doesn't have a way to browse its archives by category. But the joy of finding new reading material in your inbox every day is reward by itself.

www.fivechapters.com

Play

Armor games

Our favourite Flash-based games site, Armor Games is updated daily with new titles, sorted by latest games, the most popular ones, and by category including adventure, action, MMO, shooting, strategy, sports, puzzle and skill. It's all free, so let the gaming begin!

armorgames.com

Tiger Woods Golf Online The online Tiger Woods Golf game has beautiful graphics and smooth gameplay. Check the wind, pick your shot or clubs, zoom-in on the target, see where you're hitting on a map, and control the power and speed - all in real time. Whether you're new to golf or not, you'll love this one.

tigerwoodsonline.ea.com

Arcademics

You aren't going to be able to stop your kid from wanting to play video games, so why not introduce them to stuff that's both fun and educational? Arcademics turns subjects like mathematics into fun pastimes. Take, for example, Penguin Jump, where your kid will be in a race with three others; solving a mathematical equation to jump to the tile that matches the answer. Come to think of it, this isn't bad for grown-ups either...

www.arcademics.com

Travian

This is a browser-based , multiplayer, strategy game. You can play either as the Gauls, the Romans, or the Teutons - each with its own strengths and weaknesses - to build a prosperous village and an army that can either defend against attacking hordes or one that can plunder and loot your neighbours. Gameplay is all about striking allegiances, cooperating with teammates, and working towards ultimate domination of everyone else. Travian is addictive and a single game lasts for months.

www.travian.in

MOST BEAUTIFUL MARRIAGE PROPOSAL

2013-01-21T08:41:00.002-08:00

The most expensive and cutest proposals in the history happened in usa.

QUESTION IN MIND WHILE PREPARING FOR JEE 2013

2013-01-09T20:31:00.000-08:00

Q2.What will be the eligibility criteria for candidates who have qualified their 10+2 examination in 2012?

Ans.

In respect of those students who passed their Board exam for the first time in 2012, the eligibility criteria for joining any of the IITs or ISM Dhanbad will be 60% marks in their 12th Board or equivalent (55% for SC/ST/PwD candidates). For those candidates who appear in their Board exams for the first time in 2013, the eligibility criteria will remain ‘top 20 percentile of the successful candidates’ in their Boards, category-wise. This will be a one-time exception for JEE (Advanced) 2013 only.

For those students who passed their 12th Board exams in 2012 but are re-appearing in the 2013 Board exams with a view to improve their performance, 60% rule will apply if they use their 2012 Board exam results and ‘top 20 percentile’ rule will apply if they use their 2013 Board exam results. This too will be a one-time exception for JEE (Advanced) 2013 only.

Q3.Those who are appearing for their board examination in 2013 and after all efforts if the percentile score is not available for any board then what will be the eligibility criteria?

Ans.

In case the percentile score is not available from testing agencies [such as Pre-University exam conducted by a University, two-year course of the Joint Services Wing of the National Defence Academy, General Certificate Education examination (London/Cambridge/Sri Lanka), High School Certificate Examination of Cambridge University, International Baccalaureate Diploma (Geneva), Senior Secondary School Examination of National Institute of Open Schooling, three year Diploma recognized by AICTE / State Board of Technical Education and any Public School/Board/University examination in India or in any foreign country recognized as equivalent to the 10+2 system by the Association of Indian Universities (AIU)] the CBSE score for top 20 percentile of the successful candidates in the student’s category will be used.

Q4.What is the eligibility criteria of the board examination for a Foreign National?

Ans.

For all Foreign Nationals, the eligibility criteria based on the qualifying examination shall be 60% aggregate marks.

Q5.When would the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 application start?

Ans.

The online application for both JEE (Main) – 2013 as well as JEE (Advanced) – 2013 will be available from 8th November 2012 (Thursday) to 15th December 2012 (Saturday). Any candidate who wants to appear for JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination must appear for the JEE (Main) – 2013, Paper-1. Online application form will be available at the website http://www.jeemain-edu.in/.

Q6.Is there a need to fill up any other form by the candidates (category wise) who are eligible to appear for JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination at a later date?

Ans.

Yes. The top 1,50,000 candidates (including all categories) who qualify with their respective category wise cut-off scores in JEE (Main) – 2013 are eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013. The candidates of JEE (Main) – 2013 who qualify to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013 have to register himself/herself online (between 8th May 2013 (Wednesday) to 13th May 2013 (Monday) through the url: http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in).

Q7.Where can we get JEE (Advanced) – 2013 information brochure?

Ans.

Information brochure will be available online and can be accessed through seven zonal IITs websites.

IIT Bombay: http://jeeadv.iitb.ac.in/

IIT Delhi: http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in/

IIT Guwahati: http://jeeadv.iitg.ac.in/

IIT Kanpur: http://jeeadv.iitk.ac.in/

IIT Kharagpur: http://jeeadv.iitkgp.ac.in/

IIT Madras: http://jeeadv.iitm.ac.in/

IIT Roorkee: http://jeeadv.iitr.ac.in/

Q8.Do the students have to pay a single application fee for both JEE (Main) – 2013 as well as for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

No. The top 1,50,000 candidates (including all categories) who qualify, with their respective category wise cut-off scores in JEE (Main) – 2013, and are eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013 have to register themselves through JEE (Advanced) – 2013 website. On completion of the registration process, a challan for fee payment through the bank will be automatically generated.

Q9.What is the application fee for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

The application fee for JEE (Advanced) – 2013 is (i) Rs. 1800 (One thousand eight hundred rupees only) for the GN/OBC/OBC-NCL candidates, (ii) Rs. 900 (Nine hundred rupees only) for the SC/ST/PwD candidates and (iii) No fee for the female candidates (all categories). For candidates appearing from Dubai centre, the fees will be US$ 200. This fee can be paid at any branch of State Bank of India (SBI) having Core Banking Solutions (CBS). The process of paying the application fee must be completed between 8th May 2013 (Wednesday) to 13th May 2013 (Monday).

Q10.How does a candidate pay the registration fee for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

To pay the registration fees for JEE (Advanced) – 2013, a candidate needs to follow the following steps:

Fill up the online registration form completely.

On completion of registration process the bank payment challan will be generated.

Print the generated challan.

Make the payment against the generated challan at any branch of State Bank of Indian (SBI) having Core Banking Solution (CBS).

Get the counterpart of the challan endorsed by the bank.

Send through speed post the photocopy of the challan along with the necessary documents viz. (i) Class X mark sheet (if DoB is not mentioned in it then you have to send a DoB certificate) (ii) Class XII mark sheet if available; otherwise the declaration form mentioning that you will submit the mark list before 30th Sep 2013 (Monday) (iv) caste certificate as applicable; (v) PwD certificate as applicable and send all of them to the zonal IIT under which you have registered.

Q11.How does a candidate find out the status of his/her registration form for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

The status regarding the registration, including the receipt of payment, will be available on the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 website where the candidate had registered. If the receipt of it is not indicated within 72 hours of the payment, then you should contact JEE (Advanced) – 2013 office at IIT Delhi for clarification.

Q12.How does the candidate get his/her admit card for the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination?

Ans.

For the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination, no hard copy of the admit card will be issued by any of the IITs. Each candidate needs to download his/her admit card from the corresponding JEE (Advanced) – 2013 websites. To download his/her admit card the candidate needs to enter his/her (i) JEE (Main) – 2013 registration number and (ii) Date of Birth (DoB) (dd/mm/yyyy). The admit card can be downloaded from 16th May 2013 (Thursday) onwards. Urls of JEE websites for the respective IITs are given below:

IIT Bombay: http://jeeadv.iitb.ac.in/

IIT Delhi: http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in/

IIT Guwahati: http://jeeadv.iitg.ac.in/

IIT Kanpur: http://jeeadv.iitk.ac.in/

IIT Kharagpur: http://jeeadv.iitkgp.ac.in/

IIT Madras: http://jeeadv.iitm.ac.in/

IIT Roorkee: http://jeeadv.iitr.ac.in/

Q13.When would the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination be held?

Ans.

The JEE (Advanced) - 2013 examination will be held on 2nd June 2013 (Sunday). It is an offline (pen and paper based) examination.

Q14.What is the format of the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination?

Ans.

There will be two separate objective type (Multiple Choice Question) papers, namely Paper-1 and Paper-2. The duration of each paper will be 3 hours. The questions for the both the papers will be in Hindi and in English.

Q15.When and where will the results of the JEE (Advanced) - 2013 examination be available?

Ans.

The results of the JEE (Advanced)-2013 will be declared on 23rd June 2013 (Sunday). It will be available at the IIT Delhi website (http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in).

Q16.Will the ORS of the candidates who have taken JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination be displayed for the candidates to see?

Ans.

Yes, the ORS of the candidates who take JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination will be made available on the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 website between 14th June 2013 (Friday) to 17th June 2013 (Monday). For any clarification regarding the displayed results, one can contact JEE (Advanced) – 2013 office of IIT Delhi during the same period. The process will be made known to everyone through the detailed instruction given on the website.

Q17.Would the percentile marks/ranking be based on Science stream or on all the subjects?

Ans.

It will be based on all the subjects of the qualifying examination (QE).

Q18.I appeared in JEE - 2011 and IIT JEE - 2012. Will I be eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

No. You are not eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013 even if you are one of the top 1,50,000 candidates (including all categories), who qualify with their respective category wise cut-off scores in JEE (Main) – 2013, and are eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013. However, if you have appeared in IIT-JEE 2012 only subject to its conditions then you are eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013.

Q19.I appeared in JEE - 2011, but did not appear in IIT JEE - 2012? Am I be eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013 once I qualify in JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Q20.I qualified in IIT JEE – 2012 and I paid Rs.40000/20000, but did not join a programme at any of the institutes. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q21.I appeared in IIT JEE-2012 and did not qualify, but based on my performance in IIT JEE-2012 examination, I got an admission offer for a course in ISM Dhanbad. I accepted the offer and paid the required fee but I did not join the allotted programme. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013, if I qualify in JEE (Main) – 2013?

Ans.

Q22.I passed 10+2 examination in 2012 and also qualified in IIT JEE-2012. I appeared for counselling for IIT JEE-2012 and was offered admission in one of the IITs/IT-BHU, Varanasi/ISM, Dhanbad, but did not pay Rs.40000/20000. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Yes. You are eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013 if you are one of the top 1,50,000 candidates (including all categories), who qualify with their respective category wise cut-off scores in JEE (Main) – 2013, and are eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013.

Q23.I passed 10+2 examination in 2012 with less than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I took IIT JEE - 2012 and did not qualify. I will be appearing for a re-examination in the year 2013 so that I can obtain MMQE. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q24.I passed 10+2 examination in 2012 with less than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I did not write IIT JEE-2012. Now I will be appearing for a re-examination in the year 2013 so that I can improve the percentage of aggregate marks to be in top 20 percentile of my examination. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q25.I appeared and passed 10+2 examination in 2011 and got less than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I appeared for an improvement examination of 10+2 in the year 2012 and obtained aggregate marks which made me eligible to attempt JEE. I took IIT JEE-2012 but could not qualify. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q26.I appeared in 10+2 examination in 2011 and got greater than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I did not attempt JEE-2011. I took IIT JEE-2012 and did not qualify. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q27.I appeared in 10+2 examination in 2011 and got greater than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I did not attempt JEE-2011 and IIT JEE-2012. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q28.I appeared in 10+2 examination in 2011 and got less than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE) in the aggregate. I wrote JEE-2011 but did not qualify. I took 10+2 examination in 2012 and got more than the MMQE. I took IIT JEE-2012 but did not qualify. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q29.I appeared in 10+2 examination in 2010 and got less than the minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I wrote JEE-2010 but did not qualify. I took 10+2 examination in 2011 and got more than the MMQE. I did not write IIT JEE-2012. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q30.I appeared in 10+2 examination in 2011 and failed. I qualified JEE-2011 but my admission was cancelled. I appeared in 10+2 examination again in 2012 and got more than the minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I wrote IIT JEE-2012 but could not qualify. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q31.My qualifying examination was conducted in 2011. The results were announced after 30th September 2011, and I got minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I did not attempt JEE-2011 or IIT JEE-2012. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q32.My qualifying examination was conducted in 2011. The results were announced after 30th September 2011, and I got the minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I did not attempt JEE-2011 but I attempted IIT JEE-2012 and did not qualify. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013, if I qualify in JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Q33.I passed the 10+2 exam in 2012 and wrote IIT JEE-2012. I was admitted to the Preparatory Course of an IIT/IT-BHU/ISM in July 2012. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013, if I qualify in JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Q34.I passed the qualifying examination in 2011 or before with aggregate marks less than minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). I have taken admission in another Qualifying examination and obtained MMQE. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q35.I am a NRI/PIO/OCI/ foreign national. Does JEE (Advanced) – 2013 give me any special treatment for admission?

Ans.

No. Also all OCI/PIO/NRI applicants have to satisfy the eligibility conditions meant for the GE candidates. The candidate has to appear in JEE (Main) – 2013 Paper-1 and has to qualify to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013.

Q36.I am studying in a foreign country and the diploma/certificate I will get is not in the qualifying examination list in the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 information brochure/website. What should I do?

Ans.

You have to provide a certificate from the Association of Indian Universities, when you turn in your completed application form, stating that the diploma/certificate you will receive is equivalent to the 10+2 system of Indian Boards.

Q37.I appeared for JEE-2012 and qualified. I got an admission offer in an IIT/IT-BHU/ISM Dhanbad based on my JEE-2012 All India Rank (AIR). After accepting the admission offer my 10+2 Examination results were declared and I failed to obtain the required minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). As a consequence my admission was terminated on 30th September 2012. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q38.I appeared for IIT JEE-2012 and qualified. I got an admission offer in an IIT/IT-BHU/ISM Dhanbad based on my IIT JEE-2012 All Indian Rank (AIR). After accepting the admission offer my 10+2 Examination results were declared and I failed to obtain the minimum marks for qualifying examination (MMQE). As a consequence my admission was terminated on 30th September 2012. Am I eligible to claim refund of my registration fee?

Ans.

No.

Q39.What is the registration fees for candidates who take the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination in Dubai centre?

Ans.

The registration fees for JEE (Advanced) - 2013 for candidates who opt for the Dubai Centre is US$ 200.00 (two hundred only in US dollars) for all categories.

Q40.A candidate who qualified AIEEE in 2012 and admitted in NITs and wants to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013. Does he need to write JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Yes. He needs to write the Paper-1 of JEE (Main) - 2013. If selected within the top 1,50,000 (including all categories), the candidate will be able to write the JEE (Advanced) - 2013.

Q41.How will I know whether I am qualified to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

The list of 1,50,000 qualified candidates (including all categories) of Paper-1 of JEE (Main) - 2013 will be available at the IIT Delhi website: http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in once the result is announced by CBSE.

Q42.I am only interested to study B.Arch in IIT. Do I need to write only Paper-1 or only Paper-2, or both Paper-1 and Paper-2 of JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

All the candidates aspiring for undergraduate courses in IIT (irrespective of any branch) should write Paper-1 of JEE (Main). If selected within the top 1,50,000 (including all categories), the candidate will be able to write the JEE (Advanced) - 2013. Moreover, candidates desirous of joining the B.Arch courses will be required to qualify in an Aptitude Test to be conducted at all zonal IITs on 28th June 2013 (Friday). However the seat allotment will be done based on the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 rank only.

Q43.Will the examination structure for JEE (Advanced)-2014 remain the same as in 2013?

Ans.

No. The examination structure for JEE (Advanced) – 2014 and beyond may change. Details regarding this will be made available at a later date.

QUESTION IN MIND WHILE PREPARINFG FOR JEE 2013

Q2.What will be the eligibility criteria for candidates who have qualified their 10+2 examination in 2012?

Ans.

Q3.Those who are appearing for their board examination in 2013 and after all efforts if the percentile score is not available for any board then what will be the eligibility criteria?

Ans.

Q4.What is the eligibility criteria of the board examination for a Foreign National?

Ans.

For all Foreign Nationals, the eligibility criteria based on the qualifying examination shall be 60% aggregate marks.

Q5.When would the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 application start?

Ans.

Q6.Is there a need to fill up any other form by the candidates (category wise) who are eligible to appear for JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination at a later date?

Ans.

Q7.Where can we get JEE (Advanced) – 2013 information brochure?

Ans.

Information brochure will be available online and can be accessed through seven zonal IITs websites.

IIT Bombay: http://jeeadv.iitb.ac.in/

IIT Delhi: http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in/

IIT Guwahati: http://jeeadv.iitg.ac.in/

IIT Kanpur: http://jeeadv.iitk.ac.in/

IIT Kharagpur: http://jeeadv.iitkgp.ac.in/

IIT Madras: http://jeeadv.iitm.ac.in/

IIT Roorkee: http://jeeadv.iitr.ac.in/

Q8.Do the students have to pay a single application fee for both JEE (Main) – 2013 as well as for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

Q9.What is the application fee for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

Q10.How does a candidate pay the registration fee for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

To pay the registration fees for JEE (Advanced) – 2013, a candidate needs to follow the following steps:

Fill up the online registration form completely.

On completion of registration process the bank payment challan will be generated.

Print the generated challan.

Make the payment against the generated challan at any branch of State Bank of Indian (SBI) having Core Banking Solution (CBS).

Get the counterpart of the challan endorsed by the bank.

Q11.How does a candidate find out the status of his/her registration form for JEE (Advanced) – 2013?

Ans.

Q12.How does the candidate get his/her admit card for the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination?

Ans.

IIT Bombay: http://jeeadv.iitb.ac.in/

IIT Delhi: http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in/

IIT Guwahati: http://jeeadv.iitg.ac.in/

IIT Kanpur: http://jeeadv.iitk.ac.in/

IIT Kharagpur: http://jeeadv.iitkgp.ac.in/

IIT Madras: http://jeeadv.iitm.ac.in/

IIT Roorkee: http://jeeadv.iitr.ac.in/

Q13.When would the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination be held?

Ans.

The JEE (Advanced) - 2013 examination will be held on 2nd June 2013 (Sunday). It is an offline (pen and paper based) examination.

Q14.What is the format of the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination?

Ans.

Q15.When and where will the results of the JEE (Advanced) - 2013 examination be available?

Ans.

The results of the JEE (Advanced)-2013 will be declared on 23rd June 2013 (Sunday). It will be available at the IIT Delhi website (http://jeeadv.iitd.ac.in).

Q16.Will the ORS of the candidates who have taken JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination be displayed for the candidates to see?

Ans.

Q17.Would the percentile marks/ranking be based on Science stream or on all the subjects?

Ans.

It will be based on all the subjects of the qualifying examination (QE).

Q18.I appeared in JEE - 2011 and IIT JEE - 2012. Will I be eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q19.I appeared in JEE - 2011, but did not appear in IIT JEE - 2012? Am I be eligible to write JEE (Advanced) – 2013 once I qualify in JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Q20.I qualified in IIT JEE – 2012 and I paid Rs.40000/20000, but did not join a programme at any of the institutes. Am I eligible to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q35.I am a NRI/PIO/OCI/ foreign national. Does JEE (Advanced) – 2013 give me any special treatment for admission?

Ans.

Q36.I am studying in a foreign country and the diploma/certificate I will get is not in the qualifying examination list in the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 information brochure/website. What should I do?

Ans.

No.

Q39.What is the registration fees for candidates who take the JEE (Advanced) – 2013 examination in Dubai centre?

Ans.

The registration fees for JEE (Advanced) - 2013 for candidates who opt for the Dubai Centre is US$ 200.00 (two hundred only in US dollars) for all categories.

Q40.A candidate who qualified AIEEE in 2012 and admitted in NITs and wants to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013. Does he need to write JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Yes. He needs to write the Paper-1 of JEE (Main) - 2013. If selected within the top 1,50,000 (including all categories), the candidate will be able to write the JEE (Advanced) - 2013.

Q41.How will I know whether I am qualified to write JEE (Advanced) - 2013?

Ans.

Q42.I am only interested to study B.Arch in IIT. Do I need to write only Paper-1 or only Paper-2, or both Paper-1 and Paper-2 of JEE (Main) - 2013?

Ans.

Q43.Will the examination structure for JEE (Advanced)-2014 remain the same as in 2013?

Ans.

No. The examination structure for JEE (Advanced) – 2014 and beyond may change. Details regarding this will be made available at a later date.

The time after we break up

2012-10-11T10:09:00.001-07:00

The time after we break up
i just love,
now i know
how much i love you.
The time after we break up

i just love,

now i know
what makes me incomplete.
The time after we break up
i just love,
now i know
memories do hurt......

2012-09-04T04:37:00.000-07:00

Creating Your Own Spelling Checker Service

The spelling checker service improves the typing speed as well as the vocabulary; it makes one self familiar with the tough words. If you enter a word spelling incorrectly then a red line will come under the word, you can select the best suitable word from given words.

If you are an input method editor (IME) developer, the Spelling Checker framework gives you a great way to provide an even better experience for your users. You can add your own spelling checker service to your IME to provide consistent spelling error corrections from your own custom dictionary. Your spelling checker can recognize and suggest corrections for the vocabularies that are most important to your users, and if your language is not supported by the built-in spelling checker, you can provide a spelling checker for that language.

The Spelling Checker APIs let you create your own spelling checker service with minimal steps. The framework manages the interaction between your spelling checker service and a text input field. In this post we’ll give you an overview of how to implement a spelling checker service. For details, take a look at the Spelling Checker Framework API Guide.

1. Create a spelling checker service class

To create a spelling checker service, the first step is to create a spelling checker service class that extends android.service.textservice.SpellCheckerService.

For a working example of a spelling checker, you may want to take a look at the SampleSpellCheckerService class in the SpellChecker sample app, available from the Samples download package in the Android SDK.

2. Implement the required methods

Next, in your subclass of SpellCheckerService, implement the methods createSession() and onGetSuggestions(), as shown in the following code snippet:

@Override
public Session createSession() {
return new AndroidSpellCheckerSession();
}

private static class AndroidSpellCheckerSession extends Session {
@Override
public SuggestionsInfo onGetSuggestions(TextInfo textInfo, int suggestionsLimit) {
SuggestionsInfo suggestionsInfo;
... // look up suggestions for TextInfo
return suggestionsInfo;
}
}

Note that the input argument textInfo of onGetSuggestions(TextInfo, int) contains a single word. The method returns suggestions for that word as a SuggestionsInfo object. The implementation of this method can access your custom dictionary and any utility classes for extracting and ranking suggestions.

For sentence-level checking, you can also implement onGetSuggestionsMultiple(), which accepts an array of TextInfo.

3. Register the spelling checker service in AndroidManifest.xml

In addition to implementing your subclass, you need to declare the spelling checker service in your manifest file. The declaration specifies the application, the service, and a metadata file that defines the Activity to use for controlling settings. Here’s an example:

Notice that the service must request the permission android.permission.BIND_TEXT_SERVICE to ensure that only the system binds to the service.

4. Create a metadata XML resource file

Last, create a metadata file for your spelling checker to define the Activity to use for controlling spelling checker settings. The metadata file can also define subtypes for the spelling checker. Place the file in the location specified in the
element of the spelling checker declaration in the manifest file.

In the example below, the metadata file spellchecker.xml specifies the settings Activity asSpellCheckerSettingsActivity and includes subtypes to define the locales that the spelling checker can handle.

<spell-checker xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:label="@string/spellchecker_name"
android: settingsactivity="com.example.SpellCheckerSettingsActivity" />
<subtype
android:label="@string/subtype_generic"
android:subtypeLocale="en" />
</spell-checker>

That’s it! Your spelling checker service is now available to client applications such as your IME.

Bonus points: Add batch processing of multiple sentences

For faster, more accurate spell-checking, Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) introduces APIs that let clients pass multiple sentences to your spelling checker at once.

To support sentence-level checking for multiple sentences in a single call, just override and implement the methodonGetSentenceSuggestionsMultiple(), as shown below.

Private static class AndroidSpellCheckerSession extends Session {
@Override
public SentenceSuggestionsInfo[] onGetSentenceSuggestionsMultiple(
TextInfo[] textInfo, int suggestionsLimit) {
SentenceSuggestionsInfo[] sentenceSuggestionsInfos;
... // look up suggestions for each TextInfo
return sentenceSuggestionsInfos
}
}

In this case, textInfo is an array of TextInfo, each of which holds a sentence. The method returns lengths and offsets of suggestions for each sentence as a SentenceSuggestionsInfo object.

Best Apps , When You have Lost Your Android Phone

2012-05-27T21:18:00.001-07:00

Many have gone through the situations like; they have entered the room and closed the room to just see themselves that they lost the key. For instance when someone loses their phone, Not many people have prepared themselves for this. The best applications to help you find or wipe your phone need to be installed in advance. There is at least one notable solution, which could well save your phone.

Plan B is the application to install when your phone is already missing. However, if you’re really going to get prepared for that lost phone scenario you might like to install a few other great applications too.

Plan B

Plan B is the perfect application to use when your phone is already missing and you realise you never installed any of the nifty apps which would have helped you find your phone. You can install it remotely by going to the Android market and it will use GPS or an SMS to find your phone’s location and email that to you. If you need a location after this, you can send an SMS to your phone from a friend’s phone saying “Locate” and the application will send another email with the new location.

On this note, if you were to install Plan B and set up some filters in Gmail to forward to your partner or parents (or if you are a parent, do this to your child’s phone and email), they could potentially use this to find you if you go missing. It’s a little paranoid, but could easily be effective.

Description

Plan B is the 'find my phone' app that you download AFTER you lose your phone.

Plan B is your last resort to find your missing phone.

This is the first and only 'find my phone' app that you download AFTER you've already lost your phone. Having Lookout on your phone is the best way to protect your phone and find it fast, but use Plan B if you have already lost your phone and didn't have Lookout installed.

Follow these easy steps to use Plan B:

1. Install Plan B to the phone that you are trying to find from the Android Market website: https://market.android.com/details?id=com.lookout.labs.planb.

2. Plan B will start automatically and send your phone’s location to your Gmail address.

3. To locate again after 10 minutes, borrow a friend’s phone and text the word “locate” to your lost phone.

Using Plan B is simple, but requires access to the Android Market website and your Google account. (If you have an Android phone, you already have a Google account.)

After you install it, Plan B will start locating your phone using cell towers and GPS. On some phones, Plan B can switch GPS on automatically. Your location will keep updating for 10 minutes, and you will get an email each time it is located, whether the phone is moving or standing still. You can start the process again by texting “locate” to your number from any other phone. In order to locate your phone, we send you a text via SMS, so standard message rates apply.

Once you have found your phone, download Lookout Mobile Security for full protection.

2012-05-26T20:41:00.000-07:00

Mozilla, who are renowned for their successful internet browser, are entering the mobile race, developing a new web-centric OS that will directly compete with Google, Apple and Microsoft.

If the name Mozilla rings any bells it's because they're the tech boffins who put together Internet Explorer, the browser that Windows defaults to. Mozilla took the leviathan computing company on with its Firefox browser, and today it stands as the second most popular browser worldwide.

Now the company who was underdog to Microsoft looks to be playing the same role, but this time against internet mogul Google.

Announced on the Mozilla discussion forum, Mozilla have begun coding for phones and tablets. The BBC revealed the mobile operating system will draw on Android code, with Mozilla writing as much fresh code as possible. The hybrid-like operating system will be named Boot To Gecko.

It is an unusual name for an OS, until you remember Gecko is the rendering engine employed by the Firefox browser that interprets web page coding and displays it in a screen-friendly format, a homage to its origins.

Even though Android coding will form the operating system's foundations, Mozilla hope to add a much more open wrapper around it than Google currently do, making it more versatile as an operating system.

Its shared foundations will also make Boot To Gecko compatible with the same phones as Android, competing as a direct alternative to Google.

Often, when you select a link from an application native to the Android or iOS market, the operating system will have to open a new webpage in the browser. Boot To Gecko aims to limit this by making applications much more web-centric.

If the venture proves successful, Mozilla will be waging war against industry giants, with Google, Apple and Microsoft dominating many facets of the technological world.

Mozilla have acknowledged the project is in infancy and have chosen to make the development public in hope it will attract talented enthusiast coders who will contribute to the Boot To Gecko's cause.

According to their project team, all of the code development will be completed and shared with the public as soon as it is written.

Researcher Andreas Gal, who announced the development, admits the company has set a high target, but wants to do it "the way we think open source should be done.

Gal says his ultimate goal is to break "the stranglehold of proprietary technologies over the mobile device world," implicitly referring to the practices of Apple, Windows Phone and Google.

Newton's First Law

2012-02-11T09:03:00.000-08:00

Newton's First Law of Motion states that in order for the motion of an object to change, a force must act upon it, a concept generally called inertia.

Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.
- Newton's First Law of Motion, translated from the Principia's Latin

This is sometimes called the Law of Inertia, or just inertia. Essentially, it makes the following two points:

· An object that is not moving will not move until aforce acts upon it.

· An object that is in motion will not change velocity(including stopping) until a force acts upon it.

The first point seems relatively obvious to most people, but the second may take some thinking through, because everyone knows that things don't keep moving forever. If I slide a hockey puck along a table, it doesn't move forever, it slows and eventually comes to a stop. But according to Newton's laws, this is because a force is acting on the hockey puck and, sure enough, there is frictional force between the table and the puck, and that frictional force is in the direction opposite the movement. It's this force which causes the object to slow to a stop. In the absence (or virtual absence) of such a force, as on an air hockey table or ice rink, the puck's motion isn't hindered.

Here is another way of stating Newton's First Law:

A body that is acted on by no net force moves at a constant velocity (which may be zero) and zero acceleration.

So with no net force, the object just keeps doing what it is doing. It is important to note the words net force. This means the total forces upon the object must add up to zero. An object sitting on my floor has a gravitational force pulling it downward, but there is also a normal force pushing upward from the floor, so the net force is zero - therefore it doesn’t move.

To return to the hockey puck example, consider two people hitting the hockey puck on exactlyopposite sides at exactly the same time and with exactly identical force. In this rare case, the puck would not move.

Since both velocity and force are vector quantities, the directions are important to this process. If a force (such as gravity) acts downward on an object, and there's no upward force, the object will gain a vertical acceleration downward. The horizontal velocity will not change, however.

If I throw a ball off my balcony at a horizontal speed of 3 m/s, it will hit the ground with a horizontal speed of 3 m/s (ignoring the force of air resistance), even though gravity exerted a force (and therefore acceleration) in the vertical direction. If it weren't for gravity, though, the ball would have kept going in a straight line at least until it hit my neighbor's house.

About Physical Laws: About Physical Laws:

2012-02-11T08:48:00.000-08:00

Over the years, one thing scientists have discovered is that nature is generally more complex than we give it credit for. The following laws of physics are considered fundamental, but many of them refer to idealized, closed systems, which are hard to obtain in the real world.

Also, some are altered slightly in different circumstances. The laws that Newton developed, for example, are modified by the findings of the theory of relativity, but they are still basically valid in most regular cases that you'll run into.

Newton's Three Laws of Motion:

Sir Isaac Newton developed the Three Laws of Motion, which describe basic rules about how the motion of physical objects change. Newton was able to define the fundamental relationship between theacceleration of an object and the total forces acting upon it.

"Law" of Gravity:

Newton developed his "Law of Gravity" to explain the attractive force between a pair of masses. In the twentieth century, it became clear that this is not the whole story, as Einstein's theory of general relativity has provided a more comprehensive explanation for the phenomenon of gravity. Still, Newton's law of gravity is an accurate low-energy approximation that works for most of the cases that you'll explore in physics.

Conservation of Mass-Energy:

The total energy in a closed or isolated system is constant, no matter what happens. Another law stated that the mass in an isolated system is constant. When Einstein discovered the relationshipE=mc² (in other words that mass was a manifestation of energy) the law was said to refer to the conservation of mass-energy. The total of both mass and energy is retained, although some may change forms. The ultimate example of this is a nuclear explosion, where mass transforms into energy.

Conservation of Momentum:

The total momentum in a closed or isolated system remains constant. An alternative of this is the law of conservation of angular momentum.

Laws of Thermodynamics:

The laws of thermodynamics are actually specific manifestations of the law of conservation of mass-energy as it relates to thermodynamic processes.

· The zeroeth law of thermodynamics makes the notion of temperature possible.

· The first law of thermodynamics demonstrates the relationship between internal energy, added heat, and work within a system.

· The second law of thermodynamics relates to the natural flow of heat within a closed system.

· The third law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to create a thermodynamic process which is perfectly efficient.

Electrostatic Laws:

Coulomb's law and Gauss's law are formulations of the relationship between electrically charged particles to create electrostatic force and electrostatic fields. The formulas, it turns out, parallel the laws of universal gravitation in structure. There also exist similar laws relating to magnetism and electromagnetism as a whole.

Invariance of the Speed of Light:

Einstein's major insight, which led him to the Theory of Relativity, was the realization that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and is not measured differently for observers in different inertial frames of reference, unlike all other forms of motion. Some theoretical physicists have conjectured different variable speed of light (VSL) possibilities, but these are highly speculative. Most physicists believe that Einstein was right and the speed of light is constant.

Modern Physics & Physical Laws:

In the realm of relativity and quantum mechanics, scientists have found that these laws still apply, although their interpretation requires some refinement to be applied, resulting in fields such as quantum electronics and quantum gravity. Care should be taken in applying them in these situations.

Classical Laws of Physics

· Newton's Three Laws of Motion

· Newton's Law of Gravity

Modern Laws of Physics

· Einstein's Theory of Relativity

· Quantum Physics: An Overview

Energy Conservation Laws of Physics

· Laws of Thermodynamics

Bridge Crossing 2 Puzzle

2012-02-09T13:29:00.001-08:00

Question:

John and his family members want to cross to the other side of the bridge at night. They have only one lamp which lasts for only 30 minutes. A maximum of only two persons can cross at one time, and they must have the lamp with them.

Each person walks at a different speed. John walks at a speed of 1 min, his brother jack walks at 3 min, his mother Julie walks at 6 min, his father Jeff walks at 8 min and his grandpa George walks at 12 min.

A pair must walk together at the rate of the slower person.

How can John�s family cross the bridge?

Solution:

First John and his brother Jack cross the bridge, which takes 3 minutes.

After this, John walks back with lamp, it takes 1 minute. Then Johns gives the lamp to his father Jeff and grandpa George.

Jeff and George cross the bridge with 12 minutes.

Jack returns back with the lamp, which takes 3 minutes and handover the lamp to john.

John and his mother Julie crosses the bridge, it takes 6 minutes.

Now again john takes the lamp and cross the bridge with 1 minute.

Finally John and Jack cross the bridge with 3 minutes.

Total = 3 + 1 + 12 + 3 + 6 + 1 + 3 = 29 minutes

There is 1 minute left!

Identical Balls 1 Puzzle

2012-02-09T13:27:00.001-08:00

Question:

There are 8 identical balls. In that one of the ball is overweight.

There are only two chances to weigh in the weighing machine. How to find the overweight ball?

Solution:

First weigh 3 against 3 balls. If the ball contains among these six balls, then take the three balls which weighed over, and weigh the ball 1 against 1.

If the balls are not equal and any one of the ball weighs more, that is the overweight ball, else the one among the three which is not weighed is the ball.

If the 3 against 3 balls were equal, then weigh the 2 balls, then the overweight ball will be found.

Identical Balls 2 Puzzle:

2012-02-09T13:23:00.000-08:00

Question:

There are 27 identical balls. In that one of the balls is overweight. There are only three chances to weigh in the weighing machine. How to find the overweight ball?

Solution:

First weigh 9 against 9 balls. If the ball contains among these 18 balls, then take the nine balls which weighed over, and weigh the ball 3 against 3.

Among these six balls, if any one of the side weighed more, take the three balls and weigh 1 against 1. If the balls are not equal and any one of the ball weighs more, that is the overweight ball, else the one among the three which is not weighed is the ball.

If the 3 against 3 balls were equal, then weigh the other 3 balls, then the overweight ball will be found. If the 9 against 9 balls are equal, then take the other 9 balls, weigh 3 against 3 and 1 against 1 to find out the overweighed ball.

Blueberries and Cups Puzzle:

2012-02-09T13:20:00.001-08:00

Question:

Maria have some blueberries and some cups. If she put 9 blueberries into each cup she will have two cups left. If she put 6 blueberries into each cup she will have three blueberries left over.

Solution:

The number of blueberries is equal to number of cups multiplied by 4 minus one left.

That is :

B = 9(C - 2) -> 1st Equation

Then the number of blueberries will be equal to the number of cups times three plus one left.

That is :

B = 6C + 3 -> 2nd Equation

Now substitute the 1st and 2nd equations:

B = 9(C - 2)

B = 6C + 3

C = 7, B = 45.

Therefore Blueberries = 45 and cups = 7.

Puzzle: Marbles

2012-02-09T13:18:00.001-08:00

Ricky had a bag containing colorful marbles. The colors are red, green and blue. The total number of marbles he had in his bag is 60. There are 4 times as many red marbles as green marbles. 6 more blue marbles than green marbles. How many marbles of each color did Ricky have?

Lets take R as red, G as green and B as blue.

R + G + B = 60

As there are 4 times red marbles than green marbles, then

R = 4G

There are 6 more blue marbles than green marbles, so

B = G + 6

Therefore,

R + G + B = 60

4G + G + G + 6 = 60

6G + 6 = 60

6G = 60 – 6

6G = 54

G = 54/6 = 9

R = 4G = 4 x 9 = 36

B = G + 6 = 9 + 6 =15

Finally there are 9 green marbles, 36 red marbles and 15 blue marbles

Puzzle: Basketball

2012-02-09T13:08:00.001-08:00

Jeff, Martin, Benoit and Rock played basketball and scored different points as 24, 10, 6 and 28.

Jeff scored 4 times as many points as Rock.

Martin scored more points than Benoit and Rock.

As Jeff has scored 4 times more than Rock.

So Jeff had scored 24 and Rock 6.

Martin had scored more than Benoit and Rock.

So Martins point is 28. Benoit is 10

Puzzle: Strawberry

2012-02-09T13:06:00.001-08:00

Jennifer arranged for a party and had a basket full of strawberries. She ate 5 strawberries before the party and gave a friend 3. Eight girls came to the party. First girl took one strawberry, second one took three strawberries, third took five strawberries and so on. The basket was empty after the last person took hers. How many strawberries did Jennifer had?

First Jennifer ate 5, gave her friend 3.

Eight girls took in odd digit order as 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15.

So totally, 5 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 = 72.

Finally Jennifer had 72 strawberries.

Puzzle: Apples

2012-02-09T13:04:00.001-08:00

Jack sells apples in the market. First day he sells 1234 apples. Second day he sells 1456 apples. On the third day, he sells 134 less than the second day. How many apples are sold in three days?

First day = 1234

Second day = 1456

Third day = (1456-134) = 1322

Totally 1234

1456

1322

-----------

4012

-----------

Finally jack sold 4012 apples on three days.

Puzzle 1: Honey Bottle

2012-02-09T13:03:00.000-08:00

A bottle fully contains honey. The honey bottle weighed 1.5kg. Then the bottle was weighed with half of the honey, it was 900 grams. Now guess what would be the weight of the bottle?

Let the bottle weight be x

Let the honey weight be y

The weight of the bottle with honey is 1.5kg

Therefore x + y = 1500 grams -> (1)

Then the weight of the bottle with half of the honey is 900 grams

Therefore x + (y/2) = 900 grams

That is 2x + y = 1800 -> (2)

Solving the first and second equation

2x + y = 1800

x + y = 1500

-------------

x = 300

Therefore the weight of the bottle is 300 grams.

Day of the Week:

2012-02-09T12:56:00.000-08:00

Day of the Date

Here are some shortcuts/tips to find out the day of the week from the given date. You can play these trick as instructed, with your parents or friends and prove your talent to them.

January has 31 days. It means that every date in February will be 3 days later than the same date in January(28 is 4 weeks exactly). The below table is calculated in such a way. Remember this table which will help you to calculate.

January	0
February	3
March	3
April	6
May	1
June	4
July	6
August	2
September	5
October	0
November	3
December	5

Step1: Ask for the Date. Ex: 23^rd June 1986
Step2: Number of the month on the list, June is 4.
Step3: Take the date of the month, that is 23
Step4: Take the last 2 digits of the year, that is 86.
Step5: Find out the number of leap years. Divide the last 2 digits of the year by 4, 86 divide by 4 is 21.
Step6: Now add all the 4 numbers: 4 + 23 + 86 + 21 = 134.
Step7: Divide 134 by 7 = 19 remainder 1.
The reminder tells you the day.

Sunday	0
Monday	1
Tuesday	2
Wednesday	3
Thursday	4
Friday	5
Saturday	6

Answer: Monday

Faraday's Law of Induction

2012-01-26T22:10:00.000-08:00

In physics, a quantitative relationship between a changing magnetic field and the electric field created by the change, developed on the basis of experimental observations made in 1831 by the English scientist Michael Faraday.

Faraday discovered that, whenever the magnetic field about an electromagnet was made to grow and collapse by closing and opening the electric circuit of which it was a part, an electric current could be detected in a separate conductor nearby. Moving a permanent magnet into and out of a coil of wire also induced a current in the wire while the magnet was in motion. Moving a conductor near a stationary permanent magnet caused a current to flow in the wire, too, as long as it was moving.

Faraday visualized a magnetic field as composed of many lines of induction, along which a small magnetic compass would point. The aggregate of the lines intersecting a given area is called the magnetic flux. The electrical effects were thus attributed by Faraday to a changing magnetic flux.

Years later the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell proposed that the fundamental effect of changing magnetic flux was the production of an electric field, not only in a conductor but also in space even in the absence of electric charges. Maxwell formulated the mathematical expression relating the change in magnetic flux to the induced electromotive force (E, or emf).

This relationship, known as Faraday's law of induction, states that the magnitude of the emf induced in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux that cuts across the circuit.

If the rate of change of magnetic flux is expressed in units of webers per second, the induced emf has units of volts.

Generalized Hooke's Law

2012-01-26T22:05:00.000-08:00

The generalized Hooke's Law can be used to predict the deformations caused in a given material by an arbitrary combination of stresses.

The linear relationship between stress and strain applies for

where:

E is the Young's Modulus
n is the Poisson Ratio

The generalized Hooke's Law also reveals that strain can exist without stress. For example, if the member is experiencing a load in the y-direction (which in turn causes a stress in the y-direction), the Hooke's Law shows that strain in the x-direction does not equal to zero. This is because as material is being pulled outward by the y-plane, the material in the x-plane moves inward to fill in the space once occupied, just like an elastic band becomes thinner as you try to pull it apart. In this situation, the x-plane does not have any external force acting on them but they experience a change in length. Therefore, it is valid to say that strain exist without stress in the x-plane.

Ideal Gas Law

2012-01-26T22:02:00.000-08:00

An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces.
Ideal gas law is a generalization containing both Boyle's law and Charles's law as special cases and states that:
In such a gas, all the internal energy is in the form of kinetic energy and any change in internal energy is accompanied by a change in temperature. An ideal gas can be characterized by three state variables:
· absolute pressure (P), · volume (V), · and absolute temperature (T).
The relationship between them may be deduced from kinetic theory and is called the Ideal gas law.
PV = kT = nRT
where
· n is the total number of moles, · N_A = Avogadro's Number = 6.02217 · 10²³ molecules/mole, · R = Universal gas constant = 8.314 J/K · mol , · k = Boltzmann Constant = R/N_A = 1.380622 · 10^-23 J/K.
The ideal gas law can be viewed as arising from the kinetic pressure of gas molecules colliding with the walls of a container in accordance with Newton's laws. But there is also a statistical element in the determination of the average kinetic energy of those molecules. The temperature is taken to be proportional to this average kinetic energy; this invokes the idea of kinetic temperature.

Kepler's Laws

2012-01-26T21:59:00.000-08:00

The German astronomer Johannes Kepler, who was Brahe's assistant, acquired Brahe's astronomical data and spent about 16 years trying to deduce a mathematical model for the motion of the planets. After many laborious calculations, he found that Brahe's precise data on the resolution of Mars about the Sun provided the answer. Such data are difficult to sort out because the Earth is also in motion about the Sun.

Kepler's analysis first showed that the concept of circular orbits about the Sun had to be abandoned. He eventually discovered that the orbit of Mars could be accurately described by an ellipse with the Sun at one focal point. He then generalized this analysis to include the motion of all planets. The complete analysis is summarized in three statements, known as Kepler's laws:

1.	All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one of the focal points.
2.	The radius vector drawn from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.
3.	The square of the orbital period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of the elliptical orbit.

Half century later, Newton demonstrated that these laws are the consequence of a simple force that exists between any two masses. Newton's law of gravity, together with his development of the laws of motion, provides the basis for a full mathematical solution to the motion of planets and satellites. More important, Newton's law of gravity correctly describes the gravitational attractive force between any two masses.

Mathematical statements:
Kepler's second law

Where dA is the area swept by radius vector r in a time dt and M_p is the planet mass.
Kepler's third law

Where K_S is a constant given by

M_S is the Sun mass, G is universal gravitational constant and T is the time.

Law of Atmospheres and Boltzmann Law

2012-01-26T21:57:00.001-08:00

The law of atmospheres, also known as the barometric law, states that the pressure n(y) as a function of height y varies as:

According to the ideal gas law, a gas of N particles in the thermal equilibrium obeys the relationship PV = Nk_BT. It is convenient to rewrite this equation in terms of the number of particles per unit volume of gas, n_V = N/V. This quantity is important because it can vary from one point to another. In fact, our goal is to determine how n_V changes in our atmosphere. We can express the ideal gas law in terms of n_V as P = n_Vk_BT. Thus, if the number density n_V is known, we can find the pressure and vice versa.
The pressure in the atmosphere decreases as the altitude increases because a given layer of air has to support the weight of the air above it — the greater the altitude, the less the weight of the air above that layer and the lower the pressure.

To determine the variation in pressure with altitude, consider an atmospheric layer of thickness dy and the cross-sectional area A. Because the air is in static equilibrium, the upward force on the bottom of this layer, PA, must exceed the downward force on the top of the layer, (P + dP)A, by an amount equal to the weight of gas in this thin layer. If the mass of gas molecule in the layer is m, and the area a total of N molecules in the layer, then the weight of the layer is w = mgN = mgn_VAdy. Thus A - (P + dP)A = mgn_VAdy, Which reduces to dP = - mgn_Vdy Because P = n_Vk_BT, and T is assumed to remain constant, therefore dP = n_Vk_BT dn_V.
Substituting this into the above expression for dP and rearranging gives

Integrating this expression, we find

Boltzmann distribution law
Boltzmann distribution law is important in describing the statistical mechanics of a large number of particles. It states that the probability of finding the particles in a particular energy state varies exponentially as the negative of the energy divided by k_BT. All the particles would fall into the lowest energy level, except that the thermal energy k_BT tends to excite the particles to higher energy levels.
Distribution of particles in space is

Where n₀ is the number of particles where U = 0 This king of distribution applies to any energy the particles have, such as kinetic energy. In general, the relative number of particles having energy E is

Ohm's Law

2012-01-26T21:42:00.001-08:00

Ohm's law was named after George Simon Ohm (1787 — 1854). It states that for many materials (including most metals), the ratio of the current density to the electric field is a constant, that is independent of the electric field producing the current.

A courant density and an electric field E are established in a conductor when potential difference is maintained across the conductor. If the potential difference is constant, the current is also constant. Very often, the current density is proportional to the electric field:

Where the constant of proportionality is called conductivity of the conductor.

A form of Ohm's law useful in practical applications can be obtained by considering a segment of a straight wire of cross-sectional area A and length l. A protential difference V = V_b - V_a is maintained across the wire, creating an electric field in a wire and current. If the electric field in the wire is assumed to be uniform, the potential difference is related to the electric field through the relationship

A form Therefore, the magnitude of the current density in the wire can be expressed as

Since, the potential diffence can be written

The quantity l A is called the resistance R of the conductor. It is defined as the ratio of the potential difference across the conductor to the current

This relationship is referred to as the basic law in electric circuits, the Ohm's law.

The SI unit of resistance (R), which is called the ohm , is in fact a derived unit, related to the voltage and current units through