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Atomic Power and Its Impact

2011-05-28T10:22:00.000-07:00

By Arun K

It was America which tested the atom bomb in the deserts of Mexico, but Otto Habur, a German scientist was the first to succeed in making the atom bomb by splitting the atom. For this he got the Nobel Prize for 1944 - 45. Later on, America dropped two atom bombs on Japan to bring the World War II to an end. The first was dropped on Hiroshima and the second on Nagasaki on 6th and 9th August 1945, respectively. Both the cities were ruined. America came out as the mightiest country of the world.

Now the atom bomb is the thing of the past. Hydrogen bomb which is made by fusion of hydrogen atom into helium is many times more powerful than the atom bomb. And in this series most destructive (powerful) is the neutron bomb.

Today, the world is sitting on a volcano. The fear of use of the bomb in war has started a mad race among all the nations, especially those who are rich, can invest huge amount on nuclear weapons. Dr. Einstein, the world famous scientist once said that the fourth war, at all it breaks out, will be fought with bricks and stones, because a third world war will bring everything in the world to ashes. Therefore, it is a challenge to mankind. Either man should put an end to war or war will end him.
The association of atomic power with destruction has all along raised the question whether atomic energy should be developed at all. After the incidents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, man has begun looking on atomic power with horror and suspicion.
His horror is certainly well founded. The superpowers like America, Russia, Germany, France, China etc. have stockpiled deadly atomic weapons in their arsenals. There is tension and suspicion, distrust and fear of each other. If a war starts between the nuclear powers, atomic or nuclear weapons may certainly be used and then mankind will witness a destruction of all the fruits of civilization and culture, all beautiful things which science has given for our comforts, well being, pleasures will be wiped out of existence. Instead of bustling of life there will be deadly silence of death. All those who love life, its beauty and goodness would like the atomic power to be brought to an end.
India has always opposed the use of atomic energy for the destruction of mankind. Though on May 18, 1974 history was made at Pokhran by exploding the first nuclear device. Then after a gap of 25 years, on May 11 and 13, 1999, India again tested successfully its nuclear power. This has led Pakistan also to test its nuclear power. It also successfully launched in May itself, though both are committed to the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes only.
Atomic power harnessed for peaceful purposes can bring enormous benefits to humanity. It can solve the energy problem. Nuclear power can be used for canal excavation, natural gas stimulation, underground mining, oil and extinguishing gas fires. Agricultural production can be increased manifold by making use of radioisotopes. Industrial production will go up. There will be no pollution due to smoke and fumes coming out of chimneys. A revolution can be brought about in the medical science. We know that radium rays are used for treating cancer and other diseases. Atomic energy can be used in place of conventional sources of energy in transport. This will make transport quicker cheaper and more comfortable.

Air Force Bombs South Carolina

2011-05-27T11:46:00.000-07:00

By Joseph Parish

Picture yourself as Captain Earl Koehler, a young military pilot of a B-52 and you have been tasked to fly a special mission. This special mission involves transporting two nuclear bombs in support of "Operation Snow Flurry" to some unknown North African location. Your home station is Hunter Air Force Base just outside of Savannah, Georgia.
You begin this mission as you would any other by carefully reviewing your aircraft pre-flight checklist.
As you conclude your flight checks you deem all system are a go and cast a quick glance skyward. All seems well with the weather and you are blessed with a clear and bright sky so you anticipate no particular problems.

Your aircraft, number 876 is scheduled for departure at a little before 3 PM on the 11th of March and as you taxi down the runway you look forward to your twelve hour flight with a bit of excitement. You proceed to trim your six jet engines to a smooth roar and level your aircraft off at fifteen thousand feet above the ground, than its time to lean back and relax a bit.
As you approach a small community known as Mars Bluff you notice one of your warning lights flashing like crazy on the cockpit instrument panel. This particular indicator light is informing you that your payload of bombs is not properly secured in the aircraft bomb bay. You mention this to your co-pilot and he indicates that it is nothing serious but only an uncooperative bulb and there is nothing to fear.
In an effort to correct the situation as well as to appease you the co-pilot strikes the red warning light with the butt from his 45 service revolver. As you glance back at the light on the panel you notice it goes off momentarily. At that point you start to suspect that perhaps something is drastically wrong.
As a precaution you instruct your navigator, Captain Bruce Kulka to physically check the bomb bay and when he returns he informs you that the small bomb was not properly locked into place. No sooner does he make his discovery known to you he than returns to the bay to attempts repositioning the bomb and engaging the harness locking pin. Unfortunately as fate would have it Captain Kulka inadvertently grabs the bombs emergency release pin instead.
You immediately hear the rumble of the bomb bay doors start to open and feel your 6-kiloton nuclear bomb descending towards the earth below. Does this sound like an active imagination? No I am afraid it isn't. This exact scenario took place in Georgia in 1958.
Supposedly the accident could not have resulted from in a nuclear explosion since during transport of the bombs the nuclear rods are kept separate from the actual Mark 6 nuclear bomb. There are however still enough explosive force to create havoc wherever they may be dropped.
Little is mentioned of this incident as the government as well as the Air Force would prefer it to be forgotten. Nuclear mishaps occurred regularly during our cold war stand offs with the Soviet Union but these particular bombs just happened to be dropped on our own soil.
In view of the fact that there was 76,000 pounds of TNT enclosed in each of the dropped 2,000 pound bombs, it could still contribute a great amount of conventional damage upon impact. Once the blast has taken place it not only creates a tremendous amount of smoke and whirlwinds of dust but is powerful enough to create craters as much as 75 foot wide and at least 30 feet deep. The bomb's forces will catapult hundred pound chunks of earth skyward which in themselves are capable of destroying homes and surrounding structures.
Naturally as soon as the military authorities were notified, proper personal were dispatched from both Myrtle Beach and Shaw Air Force bases in order to secure the area. Nuclear experts were ordered into the location to ensure that no nuclear contamination was present while the citizens of this normally quit community were routinely provided radiation exposure tests.
The nuclear bomb which exploded on solid ground was quickly neutralized by the Air Force however the bomb's twin was more difficult to locate. Since the area was excessively swampy only small parts of the bomb were retrieved. The portion which contained the nuclear material is supposedly still one hundred and fifty feet down in the swamp. It is believed that the government purchased the property where the second bomb landed so no one could attempt to retrieve it.

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Forensic Science Info on Bombs - Evaluating a Bomb Scene

2011-05-08T22:52:00.000-07:00

By Fabiola Castillo

Friday, June 29, 2007 marked another day in London's history in which a terror scare rocked the people of this city. Fortunately, nobody was hurt unlike the last bombing that struck a London public transport system nearly two years ago next week. Two car bombs were discovered and quickly defused by a Scotland Yard bomb squad. Now the hunt goes on to find the perpetrators who could have caused such mass destruction of innocent lives.

If these car bombs did explode, how do forensic criminal investigators go about evaluating this particular crime scene? In this article, we will attempt to explain how the investigators evaluate explosive situations, how they define explosives, and how they go about investigating a bomb scene.

Explosions and fires are similar chemical reactions that take place since both result from the consumption of fuel and oxygen. The only difference between the two is that an explosion reaction occurs faster than a fire reaction.

Explosion reactions use up their fuel such as gasoline or gunpowder almost instantaneously partly because the materials are confined to a small space. Fire reactions, on the other hand, consume their fuel such as wood, trees, or paper more slowly than explosion reactions. If you ignited these materials in an open space, the materials simply burn. In contrast, if you tightly pack these same materials into a container, it explodes when you light it up.

Explosions pose problems for investigators. The explosive device and any surrounding structures are heavily damaged if not entirely obliterated. Unless a secondary fire occurs, investigators can usually ascertain the point of origin with no problem. Finding fragments of the device, timers, or igniters is another story.

Explosives are categorized as either high or low according to the speed of their resulting shock wave. Low explosives usually move at rates of up to 1,000 m/s, and high explosives may reach speeds up to 8,500 m/s.

Black powder and smokeless gunpowder are the most readily available and commonly used low explosives. A mixture of table sugar and potassium chlorate makes another easy explosive. Bombers do not need to be complex.

High explosives can be divided into two categories all dependent upon their sensitivity to heat, friction, or mechanical shock.

Initiating explosives are highly sensitive to these effects. Because of their instability, home-made bombs rarely use initiating explosives. These explosives are usually found in primers and blasting caps, where they initiate other more stable noninitiating explosive reactants. Mercury fulminate and lead azide are widely used in this manner.
Noninitiating explosives are more stable and commonly used in military and commercial applications. Examples of these explosives include dynamite, trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritrol tetranitrate (RDX), and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (PETN). ANFO, an easily made explosive material, is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil.

Ammonium nitrate is an oxidant loaded with oxygen and can be found in fertilizers. Bombs made from this material were used in the Oklahoma City and 1993 World Trade Center bombings.

Investigating a Bomb Scene

Looking through the scene of an explosion requires the same attention to detail as does a search of a fire scene. Searching for remnants of an explosive device such as the igniter and timer may be important in determining the type of explosive used and the persons responsible for this crime. Furthermore, forensic criminal investigators focus their searches on gathering debris to test for unexploded residue, which is almost always present.

Microscopic examination of the debris may unveil black powder, gun powder, or both of which are easily recognizable by the color and conformation of their particles. After conducting a microscopic inspection of the debris, the lab technician rinses the debris with a solvent, usually acetone, and then analyzes the resulting solution, using various scientific laboratory techniques such as thin-layer (TLC) or gas chromatography (GC) and mass and infrared spectroscopy. Determining the identity of the explosive is made through a combination of these techniques.

After determining the nature of the explosive used, criminal investigators then target their investigation on the seller and buyer of that explosive.

Top Information Product Creation Tips

2011-05-08T22:45:00.000-07:00

By Justin Michie

Information products are a great way to make money. People are always looking for information and most are willing to pay for quality information. This is never going to go out of style. So if you want to make a good income online keep reading to uncover some great information product creation tips that you can use for your own info product creation.

If you have an idea for an information product, the first thing you must do is research the demand for the product. You want to make sure that you create something that people want. You cannot expect to create a product and then convince people that they want it.
A hungry market must exist. Then all you need to do is create a product that will satisfy this hungry market. This is the first step in info product creation.

One of the most important product creation tips I can give you is to make sure that you provide quality. It is not good enough to just slap together a bunch of information and then expect to make a ton of money. If your information is not quality information you will be considered a scammer. People are savvy shoppers and expect to get more than what they pay for when it comes to info products. If you want to have a real Internet business that will bring you income month after month, then you had better deliver quality.

So now you know there is a demand for your info product and you are prepared to provide quality, what's next?

Another important aspect of info product creation is presentation. Let's say that you had two identical eBooks. One eBook is slapped together in a PDF format with no logo. It's just a plain eBook. Now let's say that the other eBook has a nice, professionally designed cover, with header graphics on each page. It's formatted to be easy to read with short paragraphs and it will even contain a few graphics.

Which one would you buy? Most people would buy the information product that has the cover and graphics. This information product is something that you are going to be putting your name on. You had better be proud of it. Hire a graphic designer to help you with the graphics and layout of the eBook. It may cost a little, but it will pay off big in the long run.

Another one of the most important information product creation tips that often goes overlooked is repeat customers. A typical information product usually sells for around twenty or thirty dollars. But a true business person will form relationships with his customers through his products. Info product creation can be very profitable if you build a customer base that trusts you. You can then sell them corresponding products or updates to the existing products.

This article gave you a few product creation tips to help you get started. Information products are hot and they can make you quite a bit of money if they are done right. Do your research and learn everything you can about the info product creation business and your target market.

7 Powerful Ways To Make Money From Adsense Using Only Free Tools

2011-05-08T22:40:00.000-07:00

By Christopher Kyalo

There is really no doubting that there are amazing incomes currently being made on Google Adsense and the really interesting thing is that even relatively small sites and blogs are finding new ways to make money from their Adsense sites every day.

Actually there are a lot of increasingly creative ways to make money and maximize on Adsense earnings that are being discovered and also being put to use every day. And what's even more fascinating is the fact that most of these tools being used don't cost anything. They are actually free. Here are 7 of the most effective currently being used.

a) Ways to make money from Adsense by Distributing articles through ezine and article announcement lists

Some of the most effective methods ways to make money from Adsense clicks involve the simple step of just increasing the volume of targeted traffic to a site. One of the ways of doing this is by distributing interesting content to ezine lists and article announcement lists. It is not too difficult to quickly build a list that reaches a million or so email boxes and can thus give a lot of visibility and drive tons of highly targetd traffic to your Adsense site or sites. Probably the most popular place for doing this is at Yahoo groups, but there are a few others that you can find easily by using your favorite search engine.

Success here depends on three main factors. Firstly you should be careful to join article announcement lists and ezine lists that are as relevant as possible to your subject matter and offering. Secondly your headline has to be a killer headline that will grab readers by the scruffs of their necks and force them to open your email message amongst the dozens or even hundreds of others they receive daily. It goes without saying that the content must meet the promise of your sensational headline. Anything less will cause annoyance and leave all those potential visitors to your Adsense site feeling cheated. And believe me, you don't want to cause this sort of reaction because it is definitely not one of the ways o make money from Adsense or any other program for that matter. Thirdly, you will need the sort of resource box in all your articles that will leave most of your readers with no option but to visit your Adsense site.

Within a very short of consistently applying this technique, my daily Adsense earnings increased seven-fold.

b) Ways to make money from Adsense by Distributing free articles to high traffic article sites
Some people find the recent trends that have seen an increase in article sites surprising. I don't. The net is primarily an information-seeking tool. Anything that will help improve the search and quality of information will greatly benefit the people making that effort.

Some of the older article directories receive very high traffic, mainly from web masters and site owners seeking quality free content for their sites. So apart from the immediate exposure these sites also guarantee plenty of future targeted traffic to your site, when folks find your articles useful enough to re-post at their sites.

The more new articles you release to these sites every week, the more targeted traffic your Adsense sites will receive. This is in fact one of the most effective ways of making money consistently from Adsense clicks. One of the reasons for this is that targeted traffic will tend to spend more time at your site or sites, and the more time they spend, the higher the chances that they will click one one of the Adsense ads posted there.

c) Ways to make money from Adsense by Using Articles And A Viral Marketing Website

Any online marketing technique that involves the use of referral marketing or viral marketing automatically has a huge chance of being a success. The net is ideal for viral marketing and in fact gives any viral marketer huge leverage. Viral marketing or referral marketing is one of the most effective ways to make money online. Just ask Bill Gates.

When Gates was trying to play catch up on the Internet after an earlier mistake of underestimating the future importance of the net, he launched his Hotmail free email service when rivals like Yahoo already had millions of users. He decided to use a simple referral marketing technique. Every Hotmail message that went out had a brief signature at the end requesting the recipient to sign up for their free Hotmail account. Within a few short months, Hotmail had millions of users. And there are many other amazing stories which viral marketing boasts of on the net.

There is one of the very simple ways to make money from Adsense by going viral. Sign up at a leading viral marketing site. You will automatically get your own viral site. You can then use some of your articles to point people to your viral site. The way these sites work is that anybody who signs up at your site will have to visit your Adsense site if you register it at the site. So within a very short time you will be driving thousands of visitors to your Adsense site.

Find more details on this at my blog whose address you'll find in the resource box below.

Admittedly this traffic is less targeted. Still the huge potential and possible numbers you are able to receive using this free tool more than makes up for this.

d) Ways to make money from Adsense With Your Email signature

People greatly underestimate the power and potential effectiveness of a simple email signature as one of the ways to make money online. Actually this is a viral marketing method because emails get forwarded all the time and are even copied to several other people sometimes.

Do not waste another minute. Go to all your email accounts right now and create a signature that points to your Adsense site or sites.

Writing effective email signatures is a skill that you will have to develop, but I have found that using famous quotes is more effective than a straight advertising message. Always remember that people hate to be advertised to online.

e) Ways to make money from Adsense By Asking Questions At Discussion groups

I recently had an interesting conversation with a young Internet and computer techie. He asked me whether there were quick ways to make money online by answering technical questions and helping people to solve their computer and web-related problems. My answer was that there were many discussion groups where participants would get these answers for free. I advised him that he had a better chance of making money by making use of this free advice available online rather than by trying to sell his own advice.

There are tons of online discussion groups where leading world experts will answer your questions and give you valuable insight for free. It is amazing why most people do not think of using these online forums to learn as much as they can about the most effective ways of making money from Adsense.

These forums can easily be found through you favorite search engine.

f) Ways to make money from Adsense By Bartering your online skills for valuable Adsense keywords

In the old days, before the invention of money, if somebody needed something, the first question they asked themselves was; "What is it that I already have that I can exchange for what I need? Barter trade seems to have been forgotten but it is a very powerful method of trading. More so online where people have plenty of skills but are slow to trust others enough to send them money for an item they need.

You can barter whatever it is you have, your skills, products or services, and exchange them for genuine valuable Adsense keywords. Valuable Adsense keywords are the most effective way for a small site with low traffic to earn big cash from Adsense. And you can do this barter trade on an ongoing basis so that you always have a constant supply of valuable Adsense keywords which you can use at your site or blog as one of the ways to make more money from Adsense.

g) Ways to make money from Adsense By Sending Teaser Emails

To Everybody In Your Inbox And Also To Your Opt-in Email List
Most of us receive tons of email in our inbox every day. You'll be surprised at the huge number of people you know by simply going through your email inbox. No matter how good your spam filters are, you are also bound to be receiving more than your fare share of SPAM or unsolicited email. All this is "gold" lying in your email inbox and there are ways to make money using these emails. All you need to do to process the emails into pure gold is to send out "teaser emails about the most interesting aspects of content at your site. The whole objective of teaser emails is to get people to visit your site. For instance if I were to send out teaser email on this content here is how I would construct it;

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/82843

Blogging Is Writing - Five Great Tips To Make Money Blogging

2011-04-18T14:32:00.000-07:00

By Angela Booth
Got a blog? Great. Then you know that blogging involves writing, and the more writing you do, the more money you will make blogging. Let's look at five tips to help you to become an expert blogger.

1. The more you write, the more you earnMonetize you content

Simply add 1 line of code and start earning money immediately !

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As a blogger, your primary task is content creation. This is because without content, you won't have traffic, and without traffic, you won't have an income. So content comes first.

However, there are many ways you can create content.

My favorite way is to speak, rather than write. I use a speech recognition program on both my Mac and my PC, to help me to create content more quickly. Although you'll need to train yourself to dictate your thoughts, the time you spend with the program in the first few weeks is amply repaid, becaus


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e you've got more content on your blog or blogs, and thus more traffic.

2. Plan your blog posts each week and monthStocks Ready To Soar

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Planning your blogging is vital. I teach bloggers, and the first habit I encourage them to acquire is the habit of planning everything they do. Planning your content is vital, because some days you just don't feel like writing.

On these days, your plan gets you blogging, because you know exactly what you're writing about on any given day.

One of my favorite tactics is to create series. Once you've planned a series of posts on a particular topic, writing the series is easy.

A series can be anywhere from three to ten posts long. Here's an idea: create a "30 days" series - this gives you 30 blog posts to plan in advance. Once you've done the planning, you'll be amazed at how quickly you can write the series.

3. Create a network of blogs

One blog, or a network of blogs on the same topic?

Initially, focus on one blog, at least for the first year. Your first, primary blog will build traffic via the search engines, and this foundation of traffic is a real blessing - once you have hundreds of readers each day, you can USE that traffic.

After your first year, I advise that you hive off some of your blog's categories to make new blogs. This is because an enormous blog becomes unwieldy. Posts get buried, and it's hard to give previous posts the attention they deserve.

4. Where's the money? Set income goals for your blog

You must set income goals for your blog. Start small: a dollar a day. Then increase your income goals by ten times as soon as you reach a goal. So your first goal is a dollar a day, then ten dollars a day, then $100 a day, then $1000 a day, and so on.

5. Boost your traffic: the more readers, the higher your blog's incomeAre You the Idea Person?

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Finally, as important as writing and content creation in general is, nothing beats marketing your blog. To get more traffic, you need to market your blog. So do it, every day - it's not optional, you MUST market your blog.

So, there you have five tips to help you to make money blogging - use them and prosper.

About the Author: Discover the secrets to making money blogging with Angela Booth's blogging bestseller, "Blogging for Dollars". Angela's blogging ebook has a companion blog, the Blogging for Dollars Blog, which offers you daily blogging tips.
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