Planetary science

Did you know that !!!

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:25:00 +0000

Did you know that the moon away from earth 2 cm every year

Did you know that the Soviet spacecraft Luna 9 is the first spacecraft landing down intact on the surface of the Moon and 1966

Did you know that the nearest star to our solar system is the triple star Proxima Centauri
(Alguentors) is approximately 4.1 light-years away

Did you know that the Big Dipper is composed of seven stars, and Ursa Minor of five stars

Did you know that the highest mountain in the solar system is a mountain Olympios Mars has a height of 24 km and base diameter of approximately 550 km

Did you know that continued Neptune (Triton) larger than Pluto

Did you know that on Venus is longer than enacted as a

Did you know that Titan is the only child of Saturn, which has an atmosphere

Did you know that Newton is the coldest planets in Aljmuah Achammsh

Did you know that Callisto is the largest moons of Jupiter, with a diameter of 4878 km

Did you know that biggest aftershocks Saturn is Titan, with a diameter of 5150 km

Did you know that the star ............. Away from us ..............

Polestar 431.1 light years

Lightyear Vega 25.3

Sirius 8.6 light-years

Sirius Shamia 11.4 light-years

Flying Eagle 16.8 light-years

Now set the Big Dipper

Commander 100.7 light years

Apron 78.2 light-years

Buttocks 80.9 light-years

Socket 81.4 light-years

Spilled 79.4 light-years

Debba 123.6 light years

General Information

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:02:00 +0000

PlutoCluster: estimated at 0.002 of the mass of the earthDistance: equatorial radius: 2,500 kmDensity: likely to be denser Central 4 g / cm ³Size: 2/3 of the size Qmralerd... Speed of rotation around the sun 4.7 km / sAway from the sun and average: 5913 million km ((39.5 astronomical units)) as the sun takes 5 hours and a half hours to reach him ...Also up 1 of 1600 of the amount of heat and light that we receive to Earth from the sun and the temperature reaches 230 degrees below zero
It takes its rotation around the sun (enacted): 248 years, 193 days, 10 hours and 48 minutes groundAnd rotation about the same ((any day)): There is one session every 6 days, 9 hours landline

Did you know ...That the number of satellites in the solar system 55 satellites.

Q _ What is the size of asteroids that collide with the Earth?C _ occur collisions asteroids all the time, every day is 40 tons of particles the size of a sand and dust and burn in the atmosphere and is located a few times every year something the size of a car and nearly every century collide asteroid display a few hundred meters planet like that crashed on the island of Kanjusta year 1908, and every 100 million years ago we get something like that killed the dinosaurs.

The outer surface of the divided land into several parts: solid crust, which reaches a depth of about 50 kilometers, and the geosphere up to 4,000 kilometers thick, and the central nucleus of the earth. And characterized the earth's crust as divided into a number of tectonic plates gradually appeared on the surface of the earth because of the cold gradually over millions of years. Float those relatively thin crust above the so-called Earth's ground, a large part of the Earth's mass consists of magma superheated begin to appear from under the crust at temperatures of about 1,700 degrees Celsius and rate increases with the approach of the center of the earth. This comprises 71% of the Earth's surface from the ocean and salt water, while the remaining part is composed of continents, islands, rivers, freshwater necessary for life in all its forms.
Did you know ...That the number of satellites in the solar system 55 satellites.

Orbit of the planet Neptune and its magnetic field:Spins this giant blue around the sun on after reaching an average 4.5 billion kilometers equivalent 30.1 astronomical units. So that a 29.8 astronomical units in the gutter and 30.4 astronomical units is in full swing, indicating that Hdhuveh central orbit 0.01 and needs to 165 years to be its around the sun, which means that since its discovery so far 2004 has not been a single round in its orbit around the sun. tends axis of the planet Neptune about ... 30 column at the level of the orbit. The planet's weak magnetic field compared with other giant planets and strength equivalent to the Earth's magnetic field. And not only that but that the focus of his field magnetic tends 47, spindle planet is still this need for interpretation. And planet pole magnetic north heading towards the north geographical which means that if we put a compass ground on the planet, they will point towards the south opposite of what happens on the ground. There is still another point distinguish Neptune from others is that its magnetic field in 16 hours and 7 minutes while the cover gaseous session in 17 hours and 20 minutes, which means that the speed of rotation of the cover gaseous planet slower visual of his field magnetic cycle

list some frequently used words in astronomy with simple explanation

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 03:42:00 +0000

Orbit

celestial

Object

Dust

matter

Galaxy

gravity

Orbit

is the way object follows, it the path or route the planet makes when moving around star, or a moon around planet

celestial

is an object related to the sky, such as celestial body wich means astronomical body, and celestial map meaning the map of the starry sky.
lexicology(origin of the word) : 1350–1400; ME < ML cēlestiālis, equiv. to L caelesti(s) heavenly (cael(um) heaven, sky + -estis adj. suffix) + -ālis from dictionary.com.

Object

is any things, in astronomy when we say object we most likely means; planet, star, galaxy, comet ... and so on.

Dust

this is dus:and this is dust too

matter

is a general description of the object well, not easy to explain, do you have a dictionary?

Galaxy

is a large group of stars, including dust and gas, and dark matter, and may other things.
this is a galaxy

gravity

is the force that gives things weight. gravity keeps planets around the sun, and keeps stars path in galaxies.

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 01:49:00 +0000

Information on the 5 Nearest Stars

Sun

Proxima Centauri

Alpha Centauri A,B

Barnard's Star

Wolf 359

Sun

Type=G2, Magnitude=-26.8, Distance=0.0000158 ly
A typical yellow dwarf star. It has eight planets orbiting it.

Proxima Centauri

type=M5, Magnitude=11.0, Distance=4.22 ly
This dim red dwarf is the nearest star to the Sun, and it is a member of the Alpha Centauri system despite lying 0.24 light years from the main pair of stars, requiring over one million years to orbit them. Proxima was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes and was at that time the least luminous star known. It is also a flare star - capable of brightening a magnitude or more in minutes.

Alpha Centauri A,B

Barnard's Star

Type=M5, Magnitude=9.6, Distance=5.94 ly
Famous for having the largest proper motion of any star, this dim red dwarf travels 0.29 degrees against the background sky in a century. Discovered by E Barnard in 1916, it was thought in the 1960's to have a couple of unseen planets orbiting it, but later observations disproved this. In another 8000 years Barnard's Star will become the closest star to us.

Wolf 359

Type=M6, Magnitude=13.5, Distance=7.80 ly
An excessively dim red dwarf discovered by Max Wolf in 1918. For 25 years it was the least luminous star known.

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Tue, 01 Jan 2013 01:44:00 +0000

Washington: confirmed by an international team of astronomers that they had found a diamond planet in the Milky Way galaxy, which followed our solar system.

The researchers pointed out in the magazine "Science" U.S. newspapers today, to be more intense this planet for any planet has been discovered so far consists in large part of the carbon.

The planet spins that scientists believe are of diamonds around a nearby star recently discovered also has a high density, one of the stars that know Astral Allenbadh or variable flash.

It is the star and the planet's him after 4000 light-years away in the living tower. Scientists believe that the planet represents a small nucleus of the ancient star was a great size and became with النباض star stellar-system and escaped total destruction, according to the newspaper "Economic Arabia."

Formation of the nine planets in our solar system

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Mon, 31 Dec 2012 00:06:00 +0000

    Our galaxy has many solar systems. A solar system is a star with planets orbiting. Our sun is a star in the Milky Way Galaxy. We live in a solar system with nine planets and billions of asteroids and comets.
    Our Solar System was formed by an exploding star. The Solar System is 7.6 trillion kilomtres in diameter or 1.6 light years and is 4.6 billion years old. The Solar System has 5 billion years left to live.

    The nine planets in our Solar System were formed by rapidley moving peices of material that collided and formed together. The left over material began to orbit the Sun and became asteroids.

    The planets in our Solar System form two groups, the inner planets and the outer planets. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.

The inner planets are much smaller than the outer planets and are made of rock and metal. The outer planets are larger, with the exception of Pluto, which is the smallest planet in the Solar System. The first four outer planets are giant balls of gas with small solid cores. Pluto, however, is made up of rock, metal and snow.

Planet of the diamond in the Milky Way

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:19:00 +0000

Washington: confirmed by an international team of astronomers that they had found a diamond planet in the Milky Way galaxy, which followed our solar system.

The researchers pointed out in the magazine "Science" U.S. newspapers today, to be more intense this planet for any planet has been discovered so far consists in large part of the carbon.

The planet spins that scientists believe are of diamonds around a nearby star recently discovered also has a high density, one of the stars that know Astral Allenbadh or variable flash.

It is the star and the planet's him after 4000 light-years away in the living tower. Scientists believe that the planet represents a small nucleus of the ancient star was a great size and became a stellar-system and escaped total destruction, according to the newspaper "Economic Arabia."

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:18:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygens
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot
Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal
Magnetic field

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Pioneer 11

First visit to Saturn by Pioneer 11 probe in September / September of 1979, flew at an altitude of 20,000 kilometers of the planet's upper clouds. The pictures were taken a few precision of the planet and some of its moons. Resolution of the images was not high enough to determine the parameters of the surface well. The probe studied episodes, this has led to a few discoveries, including the presence of a thin film called "ring - P", in addition to the presence of dark gaps between the rings light up when they appear toward the sun, meaning that these gaps is not completely empty but contains some materials. As the probe is measured degree Hrarah Saturn's largest moon, named "Titan".

Probe Voyager 1 visited Saturn in November of 1980, and succeeded in sending the first high-resolution images of the planet and rings and some satellites, has been able to pick up images of terrain surfaces several satellites for the first time. As the flight of close to Titan led to increased knowledge of astronomers very knowledgeable about the atmosphere of this moon. It also proved that waves of the visible spectrum can not force through the atmosphere of Titan, and then they could not then see any terrain on the surface of the Moon or identify them.

In the month of August / August of 1981, Voyager 2 continued study of the Saturn system. Been getting more photos up close to Saturn's moons, also found signs of a change in Saturn's atmosphere and its rings. Unfortunately, camera adapter crashes in the probe during the flight and stopped for a few days, and thus lost some pictures that scientists plans to get them. It was later used allure Saturn to guide the path of the spacecraft around Uranus.

Could this probe to detect and confirm the presence of several new satellites next to or inside the rings. Maxwell also discovered a gap and Keller gap.

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Spacecraft Cassini - Huygens

Contributed to the success of Voyager mission to promote the launch of the probe Cassini - Huygens. Where it formed the spacecraft Cassini - Huygens largest spacecraft built to date, and held the Cassini probe on board 12 scientific body, also bore the Huygens probe on 6 scientific instruments. Up the weight of the vehicle when they are filled with fuel to 5500 kg and a height of 6.8 meters.
In October / October of 1997 left the spaceship Cassini planet on a trip to the outer solar system, has succeeded in maneuvering and entering into orbit around Saturn in July of 2004 after using vehicle engine main for 95 minutes in order to prevent the risk of attraction to the planet's surface. Studied the spacecraft Cassini - Huygens Saturn system extensively, also flew within walking distance of the moon Phoebe and sent images and high-resolution data for. The scientists also found responsible for the flight for a preliminary map of the magnetic field of Saturn through measurements and observations made by a magnetic field camera to Cassini and picked up during the flight as it approached the planet. The map indicates that the magnetic field of Saturn extends away from the planet for a distance of between seven hundred thousand and a million miles away.
Also flew over Saturn's largest moon Titan and monitored by radar and got the radar images of beaches and islands, mountains and even lakes. On 25 December / December 2004 Huygens probe was separated and fell on the surface of Titan on January 14 / January 2005, and sent a huge amount of data during its landing on Titan's atmosphere and surface. During the year of 2005, Cassini has several flights over the Titan and some of the other icy moons of Saturn, and another trip over the Titan was in the March 23 / March 2008. The images showed clearly the existence of channels meandering of corridors for liquids vector to the valleys is likely to be Hmaalsaúl is methane, as images appear also some rocks polished, very similar to the rocks in the river, as they appear in some photos and a fog of methane or ethane.
Since early 2005, scientists tracking lightning on Saturn monitored by Cassini. It is said that the power of lightning was beyond the power of lightning located on planet Earth is about 1000 times. Scientists believe that the storm associated with it is the strongest of its kind ever. NASA reported on 10 March / March 2006 that through images taken by Cassini has found evidence of the presence of large quantities of liquid water heaters تنفثها Moon Ankulaids. The images also showed jet fired water molecules form ice towering columns. According to Andrew Ingersoll, a Doctor of the California Institute of Technology, there are satellites other in the solar system covered oceans of liquid water covered crust ice thick Kleomtrut, but the difference here is that pockets of liquid water may be just beneath the surface a few tens of meters away.
On 20 September / September of 2006, Cassini images revealed the presence of a undiscovered by the planet, located outside the main rings most brightest, and within the two "J" and "c". It seems that this episode and found as a result of the crash of two of Saturn's moons because of meteorites crash on an ongoing basis.
In July 2006, Cassini sent its first images indicating the existence of lakes Haedrokrboneh near Titan's north pole, which scientists confirmed his health in January / January 2007. In March / March of the same year, was taken additional images of areas near Titan's north pole led to the discovery sailor hydrocarbon, and the largest of these seas is about the size of the Caspian Sea. [17] have discovered the probe in October / October 2006 appointed Hurricane a diameter of 8000 km in the south pole of Saturn.
Probe discovered and confirmed the presence of 8 natural satellites of Saturn, during the period from 2004 to November 2 / November 2009. The Cassini mission ended primary in 2008 when he completed 74 course on the planet. The probe is now in the first to extend its mission

Physico

Planet seems to observant planned accidental parallel to the equator with colorful stripes. But not as varied lines Buyer, Vaiglb color pale yellow and brown. This outer layer is frozen ammonia crystals which cause yellowish color. As a result of low density of Saturn and its liquid state and for being a quick spin around the same has become spherical Mvltaha, ie it flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. Varies tropical tar and polar Saturn by approximately 10%, and aged 108.728 km (polar) and 120.536 km (equatorial). It is worth mentioning that other gaseous planets are splayed also but to a lesser degree from Saturn. Saturn is the only planet in the solar system which have a density less than the density of water, and despite the fact that the nucleus of Saturn much higher density of water, but that the average density of the planet is 0.69 g / cm 3 due to its gaseous atmosphere. Mass of Saturn 95 times the mass of Earth, For comparison, total mass of Jupiter 318 times the mass of Saturn, but the largest of Saturn's only about 20%.

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

Atmospheric
Consists of the outer atmosphere of Saturn of molecular hydrogen by 96.3% and 3.25% helium. There are also small amounts of ammonia and acetylene gas and ethane, methane and phosphine. The pull of Saturn is composed of ammonia crystals, while it seems that low altitude clouds composed of ammonium Bekpritid (NH4SH) or water. Also there is a small percentage of helium, compared to those of the sun, in the atmosphere of this planet.

The amount of elements heavier than helium in Saturn's atmosphere is not known precisely, but assume proportions by comparing the extent of its presence during the formation of the solar system. The total mass of these elements, including between 19 and 31 times the mass of the earth, and there is a big part in the nucleus of Saturn.

Layers of clouds

Resemble Saturn's atmosphere that private buyer, but more muted (in terms of brightness) and wider at the equator. Less layers of clouds rise on Saturn is a layer of water ice, which extends to a height of 10 km and has a temperature of -23 Celsius. It is likely that there are over this layer a layer of ice ammonium Bekpritid, which extends to a height of 50 kilometers and reach temperature of approximately -93 Celsius. Extends another layer to the height of eighty miles above this layer is composed of ammonia ice, where the temperature reaches to approximately -153 Celsius. And near the top of the atmosphere, extending areas of gaseous hydrogen and helium to an altitude of between 200 and 270 kilometers above the visual pull ammonia. Saturn's winds are considered the fastest in the solar system. The monitoring probe Voyager maximum sustained winds East, which amounted to 500 m / s, which is equivalent to 1800 km / h. No monitor the types of clouds in the atmosphere of Saturn or even recognizable trip Voyager, and since that time, improved asymptote ground dramatically so that the scientists were able to watch them. And are clouds in the upper atmosphere around the equator cycle around the planet every ten hours and ten minutes, which is a little time. The clouds in the high latitudes may take time more than half an hour on it in passing through the planet

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Named views of Great Red Spot on the surface of Jupiter. It is the name given to periodic storms that occur on the surface of Saturn can be seen by ground Almqrapat, and is characterized by white. Can extend the storm to view hundreds of kilometers. Occur all the great white spots in the northern hemisphere of Saturn, as it begins with separate patches that soon spread quickly on the meridians, as happened in 1933 and 1990, where the recent storm was large enough to encircle the planet. And imposes some theories that the reason for the emergence of white spots is the rise of large amounts from the atmosphere by thermal instability.

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Observed hexagonal shaped clouds present in the atmospheric vortex in the Arctic at about 78 north for the first time by the probe Voyager images. Unlike the Arctic, pointed the Hubble Space Observatory images to the existence of jet streams in the south polar region of the planet, but there is no strong polar vortex nor any hexagonal standing wave. However, NASA reported in November of 2006 that the Cassini spacecraft spotted some hurricanes in the Antarctic, which has what is known as "into the cyclone", a large ring of massive thunderstorms. And this view noteworthy because it is not seen any eye hurricane in any other planet except Earth (and previously had been a failed attempt to monitor this phenomenon in the Great Red Spot on Jupiter).
The length of the side ribs to pull the Arctic hexagonal about 13,800 miles, and spin the entire area around the same during the period of 10 hours, 39 minutes and 24 seconds. The same period of wireless broadcast waves from the planet.

Magnetic field

The magnetosphere of Saturn very regularly, due to the occurrence of the poles Amonatisien on a single line with the rotational poles. Pressure of the solar wind-facing side of the field to the sun, and work on the extension of the governor on this side wind. Causes rapid rotation of the planet on its axis disk configuration of currents in the level of the equator, and this in turn affects the magnetic field and in the sections most distant magnetosphere. So Vlzhal a simple magnetic field and harmonic dipole. He strong at the equator, where the magnitude of about 0.2 Gauss, or about twenty to one of the magnetic field around Jupiter, and slightly less than the magnetic field around the Earth. A result, Saturn's magnetic field Adgr much of which is owned by the buyer and extends only slightly beyond Titan's orbit. It is likely that the reason for the emergence of area Amonattsaa in Saturn is similar to why it arises in the buyer because of molecular hydrogen layer. This works magnetosphere on the character of the solar wind. And also features a magnetic field of Saturn existence poles north and south of it, but it goes against the land on their is noticed compass floor pointing toward South Saturn geographical indication on the North Magnetic Pole him, that magnetic north is south geographical, Vqtabah Amonatisaan unlike poles actual. This area is in full conformity with the axis of rotation of the planet, while on the ground leaning at a rate of 10 from the axis of rotation of the Earth. There uniform magnetic casing and the ionized layer of hydrogen atoms on the planet. Scientists have identified the cause of the weakness this area compared with the buyer due to the lack of metal thickness of the liquid layer of hydrogen in it for those on the buyer.

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Average distance between Saturn and the sun is more than 1,400,000,000 km. With average orbital speed of 9.69 km / sec, requires Saturn 10.759 Earth days (or about 29 and a half years) to finish one cycle around the sun. And tends oval orbit at an angle of 2.48 ° for easy orbiting the earth. Because of the presence of abnormalities orbital of 0.056, the distance between Saturn and the Sun varies by approximately 155,000,000 km between perihelion and aphelion.
Since Saturn is a gas giant, the time it takes to rotate around its axis is not fixed, but depends on the latitude. Visual form on Saturn huh spin at different rates depending on the latitude that fall on them, have been calculated periods turnover multiple of different regions on the planet (as in the case of Jupiter): the first system of 10 hours and 14 minutes and 00 seconds (844.3 ° / d), and includes the area Tropical, which stretches from the northern edge of the southern equatorial belt to the southern tip of the northern equatorial belt. Has been appointed all other latitudes of Saturn in the rotation period of 10 hours, 39 minutes and 24 seconds (810.76 ° / d), a second system. The third system is based on the emissions of radio waves released from the planet monitored by vehicle Voyager Aznar Aqturabadtha him, and of the period of this system 10 hours and 39 minutes and 22.4 seconds (810.8 ° / d), and because it is very close to the second system has been replaced to some extent large.
However, the exact value of the orbital period of the soles of the planet remains elusive. During Cassini approached Saturn in 2004, and spacecraft found that the radio rotation period of Saturn has increased significantly, almost 10 hours and 45 minutes and 45 seconds (± 36 seconds). The reason for this change is not known, and I think at the time that the reason is due to the wireless source movement to a different latitude, meaning that a change in the duration Aldoanah and not in the same rotation of Saturn
Later than March / March 2007, found that wireless emissions turnover was not affected by the rotation of the planet, but instead resulted from convection of the plasma disk, which also depends on other factors besides the planet's rotation. It was reported that it may be caused by the difference in rotation periods resulted from activity heaters on Saturn Ankulaids satellite. And water vapor scholarship to orbit Saturn through this activity affects the magnetic casing Saturn and makes it weaker, and this slows down the rotation slightly for the planet's rotation. And now recognized that there is no known method to determine the rate of rotation of the soles of the Saturn.
Recent estimates for the rotation period of Saturn was in September / September 2007, and was based on a different set of information measurements Cassini and Voyager probes Pioneer, and this estimate is 10 hours, 32 minutes and 35 seconds.

Saturn's rings

Saturn is perhaps the most famous planets of its component of rings, which makes it significantly more space object in the solar system. The rings of Saturn makes him one of the most familiar astronomical images and impressive, and the addition to the large number of receipt in stories and science fiction movies. Galileo Galilei was the first of monitored through the telescope when the face the primitive Mriqbh around the planet for the first time in 1610, but made him a low-resolution vision mistakenly believed that Saturn is a three-planet system, consisting of a large central body and two smaller objects than on the sides. Rings may be much of the same planet. So I saw some senior Riyaziaaan that these episodes worthy of study. According to the accounts of Laplace and James Clerk Maxwell, it must be Saturn's rings composed of many smaller objects from it. Stretch rings for a distance of between 6.630 km to 120.700 km above the equator of Saturn, and the average thickness approximately 20 km, however, the total mass of episodes that are up thick to several hundred meters reward only a block Mimas, and consists of 93% of water ice with a little impurities, as well as amorphous carbon by 7%. The molecules that make up the rings range in size from the size of dust particles to a small car. There are three main theories concerning the origin of the rings. First stating that they are the result of material on the first disk of the planet, and that was without the Roche limit of the planet, and as a result did not clump and form moons. As for the second, resulted in the wreckage moon fragmentation Ntejah collision, and third as a result of debris moon fragmentation due to changes in stress, which resulted in the passage of the moon within the Roche limit of the planet, was believed to be rings planets unstable.
Outside the main rings at a distance of 12 million miles of the planet there is a VoIP loop, which is inclined at an angle of 27 degrees for the other links.), also found within the rings Cassini, a barrier between the two A and B, as the most important gaps exist Maxwell gap and gap Keller and Enki gap.
And affect the rings of Saturn and its moons on its magnetic field, where it is believed that this effect has a role in the formation of the rings. During rotation Titan within the magnetosphere evasion amounts of hydrogen and some light elements in its atmosphere relatively dense, and the magnetic field formed by the form of cake small charged particles extracted from surfaces iced Zapping small internal constitute another episode light on the complex Zhali.
While it may be considered to the largest gaps in the rings, such as the Cassini gap barrier Enki, from the ground, the Voyager spacecraft discovered that the rings have a complex structure consisting of thousands of gaps and thin strands. There is also a role for satellites shepherds to keep on the edge of the ring and shape. Data coming from the Cassini space probe that Saturn's rings has its own atmosphere, separate from the atmosphere of the planet itself. The atmosphere is composed of molecular oxygen (O2) and is produced by the interaction of ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun with ice water content in the episodes. Produces chemical reactions between the water molecule and UV gas "H2" in addition to oxygen, and in any case, the amount of both of these gases is very low. And also contains the atmosphere of the episodes of small amounts of hydroxide, and get this result of the disintegration of water molecules, although in this case is the dismantling of the active ions to water molecules expelled from Enceladus

The most important gaps in the rings

Enki gap
The diameter of Enki gap 325 kilometers, it is located within the ring of Saturn a positioned at 133.590 from the center of the planet. And arose because of a small moon that revolves within this gap, have shown images of the Cassini probe there, including three thin braids at least within this gap. The world discovered this gap James Keller in 1888, has been named Enki in honor of Johan Enki.
Keller gap
This gap is located in a episode and a width of 42 kilometers and 250 kilometers from the edge of the outer ring. And spins including Moon small Davnis. Incites Moon waves to the edge of the gap. Because over Davnis slightly diagonal waves formed rings are perpendicular to the loops and up to an altitude of 1.9 km above the rim. Gap Keller discovered using the Voyager probe, and named بكيلر honor of the German world James Keller.
Huygens gap
This gap is now located at the inner edge of the barrier Cassini, owns intense and strange system of naming Lhaliqat called "Shaved Huygens", and This Lhaliqat located in the center of the gap.
Maxwell gap
This gap is located at the outside of the ring C, and owns Shaved dense non-circular.
Colombo gap
This gap is located in the inner section of the c ring, fall into this gap tight Shaved radiant, and episodes center is 77.883 km from the center of Saturn.
Saturn's moons
Saturn has 60 natural satellites at least 48 of them with names. Many of these satellites is very small, as there are between 33 to 50 satellites in diameter less than 10 kilometers, in addition to 13 satellites in diameter less than 50 km. There are seven satellites large enough to be close to the shape of the ball under the influence of gravity, and these satellites are: Titan, Rhea, Aaabitos, Dion, Taths, Enceladus, Mimas. Titan is the largest satellite, drip than the diameter of the planet Mercury until, is the only moon in the solar system which has the air is thick envelope. Also has the second largest moons - Rhea - ring system of its own. There are also some small bodies that run within the rings of Saturn, which is still astronomical views on them is uncertain whether moons or a glowing thickets of dust around the planet, it is still carrying some temporary appointments such as S/2009 S 1, while in the event that they moons will depend International Astronomical Union names.
I took the earliest images of Titan in January of 2004 and December / December 2005 by the probe Cassini - Huygens, and ultimately ripped off part of the probe - which is known Bhoiggins part (European design) - to land on the surface of Titan.
Appear smaller satellites of Saturn Kogazzam for Titan, where density measurements show that all the ice-rich satellites, and most water ice and perhaps some ammonia. Many moons have abnormal phenomena. Hyperion is the only offense in the solar system with a chaotic orbit. There may be volcanoes in Enceladus. The RIAA also full of Balfohat, regions, however, the most glaring may be the result of glacial modern configurations. And his Aaabitos parameters ice and undulating mountains, too. The Taths Vtgmrh nozzles, and the trench Ithaca Chasma, a hundred-kilometer-wide moat and a depth ranging from four to five kilometers, and extends from pole to pole almost. Mimas is characterized with Herschel barrel which has a depth of ten kilometers and 130 kilometers in diameter and occupies a third of the size of the moon.Tags: Saturn, the largest planet, the launch vehicle Voyager, Earth, white spot great, magnetic field, space flight to Saturn, monitoring the historic Saturn, the atmosphere, the planet farthest from the sun, the solar system, the spacecraft Cassini, the solar system, hydrogen , look for Saturn, Pioneer 11, Galileo, Saturn's rings, monitoring Saturn, Saturn, Saturn to the ancients, a picture of Saturn, the layers of clouds, gap Enki, gap Colombo, gap Keller, gap Maxwell, gap Huygens, FLAC, Voyager, planets, Saturn, orbit and rotation of Saturn, Cassini Huygens probe, pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Solar (Part II)

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:17:00 +0000

Oort Cloud

External borders

The vicinity of the solar system

Other solar systems

Oort CloudOort Cloud is a virtual cloud believed to be the main source of comets in the solar system. Suggested German astronomer Jan Oort in 1950 and there is this huge circular cloud on the edge of the solar system, which later became known as ratio to as the "Oort cloud" rate him, was discovered Jean cloud studying the orbits of comets that come from the edge of the solar system. Believes that these are the remnants of cloud initial planetary disk that are around the sun 4.6 billion years ago, where veered celestial orbits disk under the influence of the gravitational pull of planets even thrown into this region. The outer edge of the cloud - which is located just light-years and almost one out of the sun - the outer limits of the solar system, where the gravitational influence ends and the sun physicist interstellar medium around. Believed that the Oort cloud contains anywhere from 0.1 to two trillion ice body in orbit around the sun.From time to time, causing transit of a giant molecular cloud or a nearby star or interaction with dust throughout the Milky Way with a letter one of these objects even led to the inner solar system, and this turns into a so-called "guilty long session." These comets have orbits huge and abnormal too monitors usually only once by humans because of a spin very long. [] Thus, the cloud is the main source of comets in the solar system (although a few of them come from the belt Keiber), which are in fact composed of the same material as the comets.Although this did not directly monitor cloud never before now, the existence of an acceptable and widely in the scientific community. Because they are much farther from belt Keiber, they have never explored before. In fact, there is no chance for scientists to explore up close and establish themselves in the near future. Since it is not only a few years ago the launch vehicle to belt Keiber, it is not likely that one is released to the Oort Cloud many decades ago, at best. []
External bordersThere are no clear teacher offers real limits of the solar system, although there are some things that can be used as references. In fact, both the light and the gravitational field issued from the sun does not depend whatever we stepped away from her, with much they weaken after ابتعادنا some distance by the extension of the impact (no matter how trivial) not final. So often used the solar wind and the bubble generated by the sun sign of the limits of the solar system, because the flow stops and become speed 0 when an area, and is considered to reduce solar limits of the solar system, depending on the solar wind. [] But on the other hand, the remotest parts of the solar system, which controls it sun Jzbaa to some extent is the Oort Cloud, which is also the edge of the solar system. After the cloud is no longer the physical effect of the sun or gravitational remarkable, [] sun and no longer able to control the celestial Bjazpetha, often get away with cloud comets of the attraction of the sun and starts floating in interstellar space across the middle to catch another star.Hungarian positioningPositioning of the solar system within our galaxy.Positioning of the solar system within our galaxy.The solar system is located in the Milky Way galaxy a helical ضلعية galaxy has a diameter of about 100,000 light-years containing about 200 billion stars .. Positioned the solar in an external spiral arm called mighty arm. Sun is between 25,000 to 28,000 light-years from the galactic center, and a top speed within the galaxy to 220 kilometers per second, and thus completes one cycle in a period ranging between 225 to 250 million years ago. Know this session of the solar year Hungarian. Solar apogee is defined as the direction of the path of the sun among the stars, and is close to the constellation Gathe in the current direction of the star Vega. Tends standard path of the sun of the solar system from the level of the galaxy about 60 degrees. [F]Hungarian contributed positioning of the solar system on the existence and preservation of life on Earth. Vmadar group almost circular, and going almost the same speed of rotation of the spiral arm (arm-Jabbar). Which means it is rare to pass through it. As the arm does not contain significant risks such as Mstarat this gives great land a greater chance of survival and stability for a long time among the stars. Addition to the sun positioned outside the crowded area stars in the galactic center. If the sun was positioned near the area affected the attractiveness of the stars on the Oort cloud objects that would send many meteorites to the inner region of the solar system, causing collisions of meteorites with the planet with disastrous results. Can also radiation from the galactic center that affect life on Earth. Even in the current position of the sun, scientists assumed that the explosion of supernovae have an impact on life on Earth 35,000 years ago by throwing stellar nucleus toward the sun in the form of radioactive dust grains and large meteoroids.The vicinity of the solar systemKnows the current neighborhood of the solar within the galaxy Balsahabh between local asterisk, there is a dense cloud area unlike the region deployed in the neighborhood called the local bubble, a cavity resembles an hourglass in the interstellar medium is about 300 light-years away. Beat bubble high-temperature plasma to impose scientists that the heat generated as a result of many of the great supernova.There are a few stars are positioned even after up to 10 light-years from the sun. The nearest star is a three-star called Centaurs man who is 4.4 light-years from the sun and be a man Centaurs c a red dwarf is only 0.2 light-years away. The second closest star to the sun is a red dwarf star called Barnard is 5.9 light-years, followed by wolf 359 away 7.8 light-years, then Alanda 21185 and is 8.3 light-years away. Largest star within 10 light years is Sirius, a superstar of the basic layout is 8.6 light-years, followed by a binary star author from red Gazzmin Just 8.7 light-years away called Luyten 735-8 and then red dwarf Rose 154 Ii is 9.7 light-years away. [nearest star similar to the sun is Tao Cetus, which is 11.9 light years from us, equivalent mass of 80% of the mass of the sun, but only 60% of its brightness. [] The closest exoplanet known until now is a planet orbiting a star Upsilon river is the star baht and redder than the sun away from us about 10.5 light-years away. Has confirmed the existence of one planet called Upsilon river and with a mass 1.5 times the mass of Jupiter and orbits its star every 6.9 years. []

Other solar systemsHas many other stars around on clouds form of tablets, appear to be solar systems in a nascent stage. The filming one of these disks around Vega in 1983 is the first direct evidence of the existence of such materials on any star is the sun. [] In 1992, the latest discovery of the first planet outside the solar system in history a surprise to many astronomers, especially that he was about star Nbad, and in spite of this there have been many celestial candidate to be planets before the discovery of the planet. [] has proven discoveries then relay that the solar system is not unique lot, and that solar systems are common in the galaxy. But most of these planets were gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, and then it can contain life. This with some of them can also contain smaller planets like Earth and Mars. The main objective of this research is to find another life, so Vukalat sequence space launch projects in order to find a small rocky planets midwife for the existence of life. Are analyzed installation atmospheres of the planets to see if they contain water or oxygen, and more importantly, is the existence of the planet in the "region viable." [] In late September / September 2010, he discovered the first planet in history located in the region midwife of life (where moderate temperature and suitable for the emergence of life), which is also rocky planet similar to Earth and has the envelope air, and can also contain liquid water, was launched on the planet name Catalogue Gliza 581 Gee, this is the first planet discovered may contain another life . Today, after every mission, which was launched to discover planets, we know approximately a total of 500 planet outside the solar system, and there are still projects working to discover more like a telescope Kepler and others.

Positioning of the solar system within our galaxy

Notes Satellite is not some sort of celestial itself, but any asteroid or comet or any other offense revolves around the planet will be called satellites, that is, they do not possess physical characteristics for others. In addition, all objects that are classified Koqmar are not included in any other category, for example, Titan was filed as a dwarf planet if it was not in orbit around Saturn, but now it is not classified only Kqmr.
^ Can not see any of the asteroids only through Alaguetrapat, which occur once every few years. Mainly, Alkwykban Almrian from the ground through two Alaqterpat dwarf planet Ceres and the asteroid Vista. Even through Alaguetrapat, require ideal conditions to see them: without any light pollution in the sky or light directly and without the presence of the moon in the sky (especially if it is full).

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:17:00 +0000

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:17:00 +0000

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Influence of the sun and the moon on the planet

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:17:00 +0000

Influence of the sun and the moon on the planet

Moon phases are one of the things that effect Earth. As it shows on the picture at the top, the first week begins with a New Moon. The position of the Sun creates a moon that can not be seen. Than later in the week, the Moon gets bigger or waxes and creates a crescent. In the second week, the moon will appear as a semi circle, called First Quarter. By the beginning of the third week, the whole Moon is visible because the position of the Sun; but then it turns into a waning gibbous. Gibbous means to get smaller. When is it the fourth week, it turns into a Third Quarter; the opposite side of the First Quarter. That is when half the Moon can be seen. Near the end of the fourth week, it turns into a skinny waning gibbous. This happens over and over again.
An eclipse is when shadows make the sun or moon grow dark. The two kinds of eclipses are Lunar and Solar. During a Lunar eclipse, the Moon cannot be seen at all because it is behind the Earth and the Sun. A Solar Eclipse is when the Moon, Sun and the Earth are in a straight line.

Now I will tell you about tides. Tides are caused by Earth’s gravity. These tides can change the shapes of oceans, the gravity pulls them to different places and changes where they are. This is all about the positions of the Sun and moon and how the affect Earth.

It is a main sequence star

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:17:00 +0000

The Sun

Our Sun is a star that the Earth orbits. It is a main sequence star, which means it is a middle aged star. The Sun is alive as long as it has a supply of hydrogen to transform into helium. Once the hydrogen is depleted, the Sun will expand and die, leaving a planetary nebula and the Sun's core. The planetary nebula eventually disperse into space, leaving a white dwarf star. The dwarf star will cool and die.

The Sun has a chaotic surface. There are three layers separating the surface from the core. The inside layers of the Sun are the photosphere, the convective zone and the radiative zone. The photosphere is made of hydrogen at the temperature of 5500°C. Inside the convective zone there are swirling currents taking heat to the photosphere. It is around 140,000 km thick. The core energy passes through the radiative zone, which is around 380,000 km thick. The core is like a massive nuclear reactor where hydrogen is transformed into helium.

There are many things happening on the Sun's surface, such as solar flares, which are large explosions happening in the chromosphere. Solar prominences are huge jets of flaming hydrogen. They are held to the corona by the Sun's magnetic field. Solar prominences can sprout from the Sun at great speeds.They can reach a height of 500,000 km. Looped prominences occur when the solar prominences form an arc. Sunspots occur in the photosphere, and are caused by intense magnetic activity, which prevents heat from the convective zone from traveling to the surface. Sunspots appear to be darker because they are cooler, at only 2,700-4,200 °C.

The Sun constantly gives off charged particles called the solar wind. When the charged particles reach Earth's atmosphere, they interact with gases that causes the particles to emit light. This light is most visible at the Earth's poles, and is known as the aurora borealis, or nothern lights in the nothern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere they are known as the aurora australis or the southern lights.

Information on the 5 Nearest Stars

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:14:00 +0000

Information on the 5 Nearest Stars

Sun

Proxima Centauri

Alpha Centauri A,B

Barnard's Star

Wolf 359

Sun

Type=G2, Magnitude=-26.8, Distance=0.0000158 ly
A typical yellow dwarf star. It has eight planets orbiting it.

Proxima Centauri

Alpha Centauri A,B

Barnard's Star

Wolf 359

Type=M6, Magnitude=13.5, Distance=7.80 ly
An excessively dim red dwarf discovered by Max Wolf in 1918. For 25 years it was the least luminous star known.

Death Star

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:14:00 +0000

The Cassini orbiter has gotten its closest look yet at Saturn’s moon Mimas, which is nicknamed the “Death Star” because of its curious crater. The fresh imagery has generated new curiosities and yet another nickname for Mimas: the “Pac-Man” moon.
"After much deliberation, we have concluded: Mimas is not boring. Who knew?!" Cassini imaging team leader Carolyn Porco said in an e-mail announcing today's image release.
Linda Spilker, the Cassini project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, agreed:

"Other moons usually grab the spotlight, but it turns out Mimas is more bizarre than we thought it was," she observed in an image advisory. "It has certainly given us some new puzzles."
The roughly 250-mile-wide (400-kilometer-wide) moon, whose name can be pronounced either like My-mass or Mee-muss, is already famous for a couple of features: First of all, its surface is dominated by an 88-mile-wide (140-kilometer-wide) pockmark known as Herschel Crater. That big circle makes the moon look eerily like the Death Star super-space station built by the evil Galactic Empire in the "Star Wars" saga.
Despite that impact crater, Mimas has kept its roundish shape - and that makes it the smallest astronomical object we know of that's round due to its self-gravity. It's less than a third as wide as Pluto, just to cite one example. If Mimas' principal orbit went around the sun rather than Saturn, it would be grouped along with Pluto as a dwarf planet. And that's led some astronomers to suggest that any worlds at least as massive as Mimas on the solar system's fringe should be considered dwarf planets - even if we can't see whether they're round.

Not so smoothBeing round doesn't necessarily mean you're smooth, and Mimas is a perfect example. The fresh imagery shows craters upon craters on the moon's predominantly icy surface. Some of the craters - and especially Herschel Crater - seem to have streaks and piles of darker stuff concentrated in valleys and at the base of crater walls.
The Cassini imaging team suspects that sunlight has been "baking" the ice for quite some time now, and as the ice evaporates out into space, darker impurities are left behind to pile up. Eventually those impurities fall to the bottom of the craters, creating avalanche streaks as they tumble down the walls. As the dark stuff falls, brighter ice is exposed on the walls themselves.
"These processes are not unique to Mimas," Cornell University's Paul Helfenstein, an imaging team associate, said in today's advisory, "but the new high-definition images are like Rosetta stones for interpreting them."
Cassini has been in Saturnian orbit since 2004, sending back thousands of pictures of the ringed planet and its moons. These latest high-definition images are based on data collected on Feb. 13, when the bus-sized probe came within about 5,900 miles (9,500 kilometers) of the moon. Today's findings come after weeks of data processing.
The Pac-Man moonThe findings took the form of surface temperature readings from Cassini's composite infrared spectrometer as well as pictures from Cassini's narrow-angle camera. The combination of those different types of data have given rise to a new puzzle ... and the "Pac-Man" nickname.
Because Mimas is mostly round, planetary scientists expected temperatures to vary evenly across the surface. Instead, they found a sharp boundary between warmer temperatures (around 294 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, or 92 Kelvin) and colder temperatures (-320 degrees F, or 77 K). A little warm spot (-310 degrees F, 84 K) was detected around Herschel Crater.
If you map the warmer temperatures in yellow and pink, and the colder temperatures in blue, you get a picture that looks exactly like the classic Pac-Man character eating a warm pinkish dot in Herschel Crater - as shown in the picture above.
The dot makes sense because Herschel's 3-mile-high (5-kilometer-high) walls can trap heat inside the crater. But scientists were baffled by the sharply defined, V-shaped pattern on the opposite side of Mimas' disk.
"We suspect the temperatures are revealing differences in texture on the surface," Southwest Research Institute's John Spencer, a member of the composite infrared spectrometer team, said in today's advisory. "It's maybe something like the difference between old, dense snow and freshly fallen powder."
Denser ice quickly conducts the heat of the sun away from the surface, keeping it cold during the day. Powdery ice is more insulating and traps the sun's heat at the surface, so the surface warms up.

Not so smoothBeing round doesn't necessarily mean you're smooth, and Mimas is a perfect example. The fresh imagery shows craters upon craters on the moon's predominantly icy surface. Some of the craters - and especially Herschel Crater - seem to have streaks and piles of darker stuff concentrated in valleys and at the base of crater walls.
The Cassini imaging team suspects that sunlight has been "baking" the ice for quite some time now, and as the ice evaporates out into space, darker impurities are left behind to pile up. Eventually those impurities fall to the bottom of the craters, creating avalanche streaks as they tumble down the walls. As the dark stuff falls, brighter ice is exposed on the walls themselves.
"These processes are not unique to Mimas," Cornell University's Paul Helfenstein, an imaging team associate, said in today's advisory, "but the new high-definition images are like Rosetta stones for interpreting them."
Cassini has been in Saturnian orbit since 2004, sending back thousands of pictures of the ringed planet and its moons. These latest high-definition images are based on data collected on Feb. 13, when the bus-sized probe came within about 5,900 miles (9,500 kilometers) of the moon. Today's findings come after weeks of data processing.
The Pac-Man moonThe findings took the form of surface temperature readings from Cassini's composite infrared spectrometer as well as pictures from Cassini's narrow-angle camera. The combination of those different types of data have given rise to a new puzzle ... and the "Pac-Man" nickname.
Because Mimas is mostly round, planetary scientists expected temperatures to vary evenly across the surface. Instead, they found a sharp boundary between warmer temperatures (around 294 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, or 92 Kelvin) and colder temperatures (-320 degrees F, or 77 K). A little warm spot (-310 degrees F, 84 K) was detected around Herschel Crater.
If you map the warmer temperatures in yellow and pink, and the colder temperatures in blue, you get a picture that looks exactly like the classic Pac-Man character eating a warm pinkish dot in Herschel Crater - as shown in the picture above.
The dot makes sense because Herschel's 3-mile-high (5-kilometer-high) walls can trap heat inside the crater. But scientists were baffled by the sharply defined, V-shaped pattern on the opposite side of Mimas' disk.
"We suspect the temperatures are revealing differences in texture on the surface," Southwest Research Institute's John Spencer, a member of the composite infrared spectrometer team, said in today's advisory. "It's maybe something like the difference between old, dense snow and freshly fallen powder."
Denser ice quickly conducts the heat of the sun away from the surface, keeping it cold during the day. Powdery ice is more insulating and traps the sun's heat at the surface, so the surface warms up.

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:14:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn

Saturn to the ancients

Historical monitoring of Saturn

Space flight to Saturn

Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen

Physico

Internal structure

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:14:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot
Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal
Magnetic field

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:14:00 +0000

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:13:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot
Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:13:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot
Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:13:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:13:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:12:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure

Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Saturn ـ Encyclopedia of Saturn

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:08:00 +0000

Monitoring Saturn
Saturn to the ancients
Historical monitoring of Saturn
Space flight to Saturn
Spacecraft Cassini - Huygen
Physico
Internal structure
Great White Spot
Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal
Magnetic field
Saturn, whose name is derived from the root "Saturn" in the sense of stepping down and spacing. It is said that he was named Saturn after him in heaven, The Latin name is derived from the "Saturn", the god of agriculture and harvest when the Romans, and represents symbol sickle aforementioned Roman god.
Saturn is the sixth planet in terms of distance from the sun, is the second largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter, Saturn is classified within the gaseous planets like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. These four planets together called "planets Jawvianah" meaning "semiconductor buyer." Is the radius of the planet nine times larger than that of the Earth, but the intensity up to the price of the intensity of the earth, but mass Vtfouk that land five and ninety times.
The environmental conditions on the surface of Saturn's extreme conditions because of the large mass and the strength of its appeal, and experts say that temperatures and high pressure which exceeds the ability of scientists and existing techniques to prepare something similar and testing it in the laboratory. Consists Saturn high proportion of hydrogen gas and a small portion of helium, while the inner part of it is composed of rock and ice surrounded by a broad layer of metallic hydrogen gas and an outer layer.
Believed that the power supply is located metallic hydrogen layer contributes to the increase of the strength and attractiveness of the magnetic field on this planet, and that at least a simple unit that private land measuring up to one-twentieth of the strength of the magnetic field on the buyer. Wind speed on the surface approximately 1800 km / h, a speed very large compared with the speed of the wind on the surface of Jupiter.
Characterized Saturn nine rings of ice and dust revolves around him at one level, giving it a distinctive form. There Sixty-one satellites known orbiting Saturn with the exception small Aalghemarat, has been named 53 satellites has been formally. Among these satellites, the "Titan" the largest, which is also the second-largest moon in the solar system, after "Ganymede" of the buyer, it is larger than the planet Mercury, is the only moon in the solar system with the atmosphere what counts.
The Galileo first detected the planet Saturn through the telescope in 1610, and since then has attracted planet interest lovers of astronomy and scientists, and was monitored several times achieved in some major discoveries, as happened on 20 September 2006, when he picked up probe Cassini Huygens ring New were not discovered before, outside the limits of the bright main rings and between the two "p" and "j".
In July of the same year, picked up with the probe image appeared where the evidence first and presence lakes hydrocarbons in the Arctic Titan's, was confirmed by scientists validity of this matter in January 2007, and in March of the same year, picked up the probe images additional revealed unveiled hydrocarbon seas on the surface of the Moon, the largest up in size to the size of the Caspian Sea. As well as the probe may adjust the hurricane up to 8,000 kilometers in diameter at the south pole of Saturn in October of 2006.
Saturn appears frequently in human culture mythology, In astrology Saturn is said to be the main planet in the constellation Capricorn, and plays a big role in influencing the fortunes of Capricorns when it passed in Vllekem, and were told that it also affects the Aquarians. The Roman annual celebration called "Saturnia", held in honor of the god "Saturn".
As for the leading humanitarian representations of Saturn in the current era: the process of Saturn, or the small Saturn, carried out by the Red Army during the Second World War on the Eastern Front, which fought several battles in the North Caucasus against the Nazi army. Well there are a few techniques called named "Saturn", including rocket cars of the Apollo space program, and Saturn subsidiary of General Motors, in addition to Saturn Electronics Corporation, and others.
Monitoring Saturn
Saturn is the planet farthest from the sun among the five planets easily visible to the naked eye from Earth, and the other four planets are: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and sometimes you can see Uranus with the naked eye in the sky is too dark, in addition to the asteroid 4 Vista. The last known planets astronomers early so Uranus was discovered in 1781. Saturn appears to the naked eye in the night sky as a bright yellowish and usually have some ostensibly between +1 to 0, and worth so much in most cases to gloss -0.24. It takes Saturn almost 29 and a half years to be a full cycle around the sun. Most people need optical aid (large binoculars) grow by at least 20 × to see Saturn's rings clearly.

Be clearer vision of Saturn and its rings when the angle between him and the 180-degree sun and thus appears opposite the sun in the sky.

Saturn to the ancients
Man knew Saturn since prehistoric times to the possibility of easily visible to the naked eye. It was in ancient times beyond the five planets known in the solar system, with the exception of the land, and thus had a major properties in the various myths. Astronomers monitoring Babylonians on a regular basis and have logged his movements. Which in mythology represents the ancient Roman god Saturn, and it took the planet named in a number of Latin and Germanic languages, and according to the beliefs of the Romans Vsaturn is God planting and harvesting. The Romans considered that Saturn corresponds to the Greek god Kronos.
Provides mythology Hindu on the existence of nine celestial satellite known as Navagerhas (Sanskrit: नवग्रह), is Saturn, one known as Shani (Sanskrit: शनि; and Baltamalah: சனி), which is being punished all the people on what they make it work in the life of the world, whether good or bad. In the fifth century Indian astronomical select text titled Soraya Sidhanta Qatar Saturn is about 73,882 miles, any value less than 1% of the real value of $ 74,580 miles. While considered the ancient Chinese and Japanese that Saturn is a star of the Earth (土星), was based astronomers of these two civilizations to the philosophical doctrine that says that all natural elements composed of the five elements of nature: earth metal wood fire and water.

Historical monitoring of Saturn
Divides control and explore Saturn into three main phases: the first of which is the old Met, which was limited to simple tools (mainly with the naked eye) and before invention Almqrapat. Starting from the early seventeenth century invented Almqrapat and began to evolve and improve. The last stage was the last spacecraft is to visit the planet, either by entering into orbit around it or overfly by space probes.
Saturn was known since ancient times, and is considered Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, one of the first toHis followers Palmrkab in the year 1610. The initial observations of the planet Saturn is a bit tricky because the land reflect the level of Saturn's rings in some years when it moves in its orbit. And because of it produces an image with little clarity of Saturn. The world Christian Huygens in in 1659 the discovery of the ring and described as "a non-adjacent planet and slash the level of its orbit," and since then became famous Saturn being the only planet surrounded by rings until the year 1977 when I discovered rings thin around the planet Uranus and thereafter simple around Jupiter and Neptune. In 1675 discovered French astronomer Giovanni Cassini Huygens ring, which he saw divided into two equal parts with two equal opaque line, called this line barrier Cassini. In 1850 the discovery of a new episode closer to the planet than the previous two and darker. Cassini also discovered four moons of Saturn in the period between 1671 and 1684 are: Rhea and Ttheis debt and Aaabitos. In 1979 French astronomers discovered another new episode farther than its predecessors for Saturn.
Used vehicle "Pioneer 11" in the first visit to the planet Saturn in 1979, and was subsequently resort to vehicles Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, and Cassini - Huygens in 2004.

Space flight to Saturn

Launch Vehicle Voyager 2, which has to pass near the planet Saturn

Physico

Volumetric comparison between Earth and Saturn

Internal structure

Although there is no direct information about the internal structure of Saturn, but it is believed that the inwardly similar to the soles of Jupiter with a small rocky core surrounded mostly hydrogen and helium. Like hard core in composition form the nucleus land, but more intense. There is a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, followed by a layer of liquid hydrogen and helium, as well as gaseous atmosphere, which extends for a distance of 1,000 km above this. There are also small amounts of volatile materials are different. The estimated mass of the nucleus of between 9 and 22 times the mass of Earth. Saturn very warm nucleus, where the temperature of up to 11,700 degrees Celsius, which radiate energy into space equivalent to 2.5 times the energy that it receives from the sun. Most of these originate unusual energy in the nucleus through the mechanism of Kelvin Helmholtz, or slow gravitational compression, but this alone may not be enough to explain the generation Saturn high heat. There is an additional mechanism proposed for how to generate Saturn some of this heat, a "rain" helium droplets minutes was buried deep inside the nucleus of Saturn, and produces these droplets friction and then heat during its fall through the lighter hydrogen.

False color image taken by Voyager 1 probe to Saturn

Great White Spot

Pull the Arctic pattern hexagonal

Magnetic field

Saturn's orbit and rotation

Saturn's rings

The most important gaps in the rings

Solar (Part I)

noreply@blogger.com (mohammed) — Sun, 30 Dec 2012 22:08:00 +0000

Solar system or solar is the name given usually on the planetary system, which consists of the sun and all what is going on around objects including the Earth and other planets. The solar system also includes other smaller objects Stern are dwarf planets, asteroids and meteorites and comets, in addition to the thin cloud of gas and dust known as in planetary Albin areas. There are also consequences of planets called satellites, which number more than 150 known moon in the solar system, most of which revolve around the gas giants. But the biggest crime in the solar system and the most important of these celestial course is the sun, the star is located in the center of the system and links بجاذبيته, Victltha reach 99.8% of the mass of the entire system, as it is that radiate light and heat who makes life on Earth possible, a nevertheless not only a medium-sized star. After the sun comes planets, where there are in the solar system eight planets are in order of distance from the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars rocky planets, Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus and Neptune (gas giants).
There are many solar system bodies that can be seen with the naked eye is the sun and the moon, and planets these objects are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, and sometimes the brightest asteroids [] and comets passing also, in addition to meteorites, where can be seen when entering the earth's atmosphere and burn composed meteors. And of course you can see much more than that of the solar system bodies using the telescope.
Most astronomers now believe that the solar system was born 4.6 billion years ago from a huge cloud of gas and dust known solar بالسديم. According to this theory, this nebula began to collapse on itself as a result of his appeal that he could not compress the internal resistance. Has attracted most of the solar nebula material to the epicenter, where the sun formed therein. It is believed that small particles which remained of accumulated material with wedding-cake then made up larger and larger objects, until it turned into the eight planets, and what is left of them turned into moons, asteroids and comets.
Discovery and Exploration
For many thousands of years, humans and did not distinguish a solar system (with a few exceptions). Humans thought that the earth is fixed and form the center of the universe, and completely different from the moving objects in the sky. Although the Greek philosopher Erstrkhos Samos believed that the sun constitutes the center of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to develop a mathematical model on the heliocentric solar system. His successor in the seventeenth century Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler in the development of physics concepts that led to the gradual acceptance of the rotation of the Earth around the sun, and that the planets are going to the same physical, fast moving ground. Possible development of telescopes and space probes recently discovered geological features such as mountains, impact craters and meteorological phenomena quarterly Kalgiyum and sandstorms and ice caps on planets other than Earth.
The structure of the solar system
Constitute the sun key element in the solar system, a star belongs to the stellar classification G2, and constitute the mass of the sun 99.86 of the mass of all the solar system and controls the movement of the group due to its attractiveness. Form a mass four gaseous planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) about 99% of the remaining mass of the solar system. The Jupiter and Saturn more than 90% of the mass of the four gas giants.
Most large objects orbiting the sun positioned at ground level, which is called the path of the sun. Planets very close to the path of the sun, while comets and belt Keiber objects tends to be positioned in the corners of a much larger path of the sun. Spin all the planets and most of the objects around the sun with the direction of the rotation of the sun on the same (counterclockwise direction if we've seen over the Arctic to the sun), but there are some exceptions, such as Halley's Comet. Also all the planets (except Venus and Uranus) spun around itself a counterclockwise direction if what we've seen from the North Pole. Spin Venus and Uranus clockwise. There is also a dwarf planets have different spindle rotation just like Pluto.
Shows the general shape of the solar system as follows: in the center located the sun revolves around the four inner planets are relatively small, these planets surrounded by a belt of asteroids, Talhm four gas giants in turn surrounded by a belt Keiber author of icy objects. Divides astronomers sometimes the solar system according to the structure into two main sections: the inner solar system consisting of four rocky planets and the asteroid belt, and the outer solar system, which consists of objects located behind the asteroid belt, including the four gas giants. Since the discovery of belt Keiber the outermost part of the solar system is a unique area and stationed there Bodies called Bagram beyond Neptune.Madart solar system objects according to scale (clockwise from top left)
Madart solar system objects according to scale (clockwise from top left)
Kepler's laws to describe the movement of the planets celestial rotation around the sun. And according to the laws of Kepler spin all solar system bodies around the sun in orbits in the form of an ellipse and operates the sun one Bartah. Planets orbit closest to the sun at higher speeds due influenced by the attractiveness of the sun. Different celestial distance moving on the path of an ellipse from the sun all year round. Called the point where the offense is closer what can sun Balhouded, while called the point where the offense is far away from sun Balawj. Be planets orbit close to the ring, while comets orbit and Kepler belt objects in the form of an ellipse sharp (the main difference between the two axes very large and small).
Because of the breadth group many celestial orbits about the sun suit after this celestial orbit for the next offense with some exceptions. And therefore the offense is the farthest distance from the sun located in Keiber belt represents the farthest distance between him and the offense for which preceded the solar system. For example Venus is just 0.33 astronomical units from Venus while Saturn away from Jupiter distance of 4.3 astronomical units Uranus and Neptune 10.5 astronomical units. Attempts have been made to find a mathematical relationship between these distances to try to explain this phenomenon (such as the law of Titus - iPod), but did not result in any theory to explain it.
Owns most of the planets in the solar system its own secondary. So that it spins around other objects called natural satellites, or aftershocks. There Qumran larger than Mercury (the smallest planets of the solar system). As planets surrounded by gaseous planetary rings, which are bundles of small particles orbiting the planet. Most large satellites orbiting planet in the synchronous movement so that faces one side of the Moon planet permanently.
Composed the rules of procedure of the objects mainly rock, and be all of these compounds composed of elements with high melting point such as silica and iron Oalnichael, so that it stays solid in all the circumstances of initial planetary nebula. Composed of Saturn and Jupiter are mainly of gas, which owns a very low melting point and high evaporation pressure such as molecular hydrogen and helium and neon so that it stays in the gaseous state always during nebular conformation. Owns the ice like water ice and methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide boiling point less than one hundred Kelvin. Phase depends where you are on the pressure and ambient temperature. Can be found these compounds solid or liquid-phase or ice in several regions of the solar system, while she was in the gaseous or solid during the nebula phase. . Constitute the primary composite ice vehicles to gaseous planets moons in addition to that most of Uranus and Neptune is composed of ice, so the claim giant ice, as well as huge numbers of objects which are located behind the orbit of Neptune. Referred to as ice and gas composition Palmttaar.
Morphology and evolution
The solar system was formed as a result of the collapse in the attractiveness of a giant molecular cloud 4.568 billion years ago. It is likely that these initial cloud crossed many light-years away and it is possible that it contributed to the birth of many stars.
Know the area where you started form the solar the initial sun Bsudaim, when the collapse maintained angular momentum making it spin faster. Gathered most of the mass in the center and the center temperature increased so that the top of the perimeter disk. [14] and the less haze increased circulation even began to flatten in the form of planetary disk rotor diameter of 200 astronomical units almost remains the star's initial warm in the center. Believed that the sun at this stage was a star T-bull. Studies show about stars T bull they are associated with a disk of planet initial mass materials ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 of the mass of the sun, and this shows that the majority of Knlh haze remained in the star itself. The result of the growing planets this disk.
Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the heart of the star's initial large enough to start nuclear fusion reactions. Increased both the temperature and the reaction rate, pressure, and density even reached the point of hydrostatic equilibrium, so that the thermal energy counteract the force of gravity to become a sun tracking at this stage for pattern classification.
Keep the sun that we know today even begin to evolve from basic layout according Tsneev rated Hrtzhbrung - Russell. After draining the sun and hydrogen fuel surface power output will tend to decrease, causing its Tvsha downturn, Mmiada increased pressure and temperature in the core of the sun, and as a result become the burning process faster and increase their brightness by 10% every 1.1 billion years.
After about 5.4 billion years from now, will turn in the heart of the nucleus of hydrogen to helium sun to finish basic layout stage hydrogen When expire interactions has. Shrink the nucleus more, causing an increase in pressure and temperature, causing nuclear reactions of helium, which is burning in the nucleus at a higher temperature. To become a thermal output of the sun much more than it was in the basic layout stage. At this time, expands the outer layer of the sun about 260 times the diameter of the primary, to become a red giant sun. Due to the significant increase in the surface area, the surface temperature of the sun much less than it was at the stage of basic layout (a minimum of 2600 Kelvin).
Finally, Istnvz quickly Alheilom in the nucleus much faster than was draining hydrogen, so that the helium burning phase represents a fraction of the time the hydrogen burning phase. As the sun is large enough to burn elements heavier than helium, shrinking the nuclear reaction in the heart of the sun, and infiltrates the outer layer away in space to keep the sun Kgazzm white high density. The sun remains about half the original mass, but the size equivalent to the size of Earth leaked classes, the hot planetary nebula, returning some of the material that formed the sun between materials asterisk.

Sun is a star of the solar system, which is the main component and the largest bloc in the group (of mass about 332.900 of Earth's mass) density and heat produced in the heart of the nucleus sun enough for the survival of nuclear reactions, which frees large amounts of energy greatest in the form of radiant energy to outer space such as radiation Alkahromagnatisahotsal peak of about 400 - to -700 nm This package is called visible light.
Classified sun Kgazzm yellow type G2, but this name is misleading compared to the rest of the stars in our galaxy, where the sun larger and brighter. Star classified according rated Hrtzhbrung - Russell, so This categorization Batmd on representation of the stars on a chart according to shine because of its surface temperature. Generally be the stars with the highest temperature brighter. Called the stars who follow this category as a basic star pattern. Sun located in the right of the middle of this scheme. Anyway stars hotter and brighter than the sun are rare. While called the stars faded and colder red بقزم, which is most common in the galaxy and make up about 85% of our galaxy.
Believed that the sun deposited within the basic layout is in the prime of life because they have not exhausted its hydrogen fuel in nuclear fusion, The older sun, it will grow brighter, early in its history had a brightness equivalent to 70% of the current brightness.
The sun star is rich in minerals, was born in the late stage of the evolution of the universe, to contain elements heavier than hydrogen and helium of the oldest stars. Shaped elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in the nucleus of the earliest stars and explosive. The first generation of these stars had died before they could enrich the universe with these elements. Believed that the mineral-rich composition of the sun played an important role in the formation of the solar system due to be planets of metal overlay.
Between the interplanetary medium
Radiate the sun along the light charged Gesammelt known as the solar wind. Spreading particles stream outward at 1.5 million kilometers per hour approximately, forming a thin casing penetrates outside Alntam sun for 100 astronomical units, at least.] Knew this is center-aligned planets. Prejudice storms Djiumgnatisah such as solar flares and coronal mass ejection in the heliosphere and give rise to what is known as space weathering. The larger structure of the heliosphere is periodic stream heliosphere is shaped spiral arise as a result of the interaction between the solar magnetic field rotation in the middle between planetary.
Keeps the Earth's magnetic field on the atmosphere of impunity from the circumference of the earth with wind Achammsh. As a result there is no magnetic field of Mars and Venus, the air Glafhma سيفلت gradually with the solar wind. Coronal mass ejection and similar events, blowing with the magnetic field loaded with huge quantities of particles from the surface of the sun. Reacts this magnetic field and particles with the Earth's magnetic field in the upper layers of the atmosphere, and this results in the Twilight phenomenon that appear near poles Amonatisien.
Cosmic rays originate outside the solar system, and is the heliosphere shield against these rays, as are the magnetic fields of the planets (which has a magnetic field) partial protection. Change the intensity of cosmic rays in the middle between the stars and the solar magnetic field intensity during a very long time, so the quantity of cosmic rays in the solar system varies over time, but the qualitative and quantitative unknown.
The middle ground between planetary home to at least two disc-like cosmic dust. The first is the dust cloud zodiac positioned in the inner solar system and cause the light of the zodiac. It probably originated because of a collision in the asteroid belt. The second is extended from 10 to 40 astronomical units, and often they originated because of a collision within belt Keiber.
Solar system objectsJupiter, a gas giant and the largest known planet in the solar system.

In 2006, following the crisis Pluto redefined for all types of objects in the solar system by the International Astronomical Union. Has been divided into three main types: planets, dwarf planets and small solar system bodies. But there is one exception of this new tariffs and particles of solar system bodies, the satellites or disciples. Since the satellites are not classified within this species, because no difference in their physical properties, if they own separate orbits would have been classified into three types. It was within these decisions clearly define finally for all types of objects in the solar system, so as to avoid future disputes about classification bodies such as what happened with Pluto and other dwarf planets.
Planets
Known as the International Astronomical Union planet in the solar system as a celestial body:
1. Have orbits around the sun.
2. Have mass - or rather attractive - enough to create a hydrostatic balance is able to make its spherical form or aspheric.
3. Have sufficient gravity to clean the orbit of celestial neighbors.
The disciples are excluded from this definition as mentioned earlier. And celestial investigating these conditions in the solar system are: Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars (rocky planets), and the buyer - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune (gas giants). [] While Pluto and a few objects other failed to achieve the latter requirement, Victlh Pluto is only equivalent to 0.07 of the mass of other objects in orbit. For comparison, the Earth's mass equivalent to 1.7 million times the remaining mass in orbit.wind